format-version: 1.2
property_value: dc-title "Uber-anatomy ontology" xsd:string
property_value: dc-description "Uberon is an integrated cross-species anatomy ontology representing a variety of entities classified according to traditional anatomical criteria such as structure, function and developmental lineage. The ontology includes comprehensive relationships to taxon-specific anatomical ontologies, allowing integration of functional, phenotype and expression data." xsd:string
property_value: foaf-homepage "http://uberon.org" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dc-publisher "http://obolibrary.org" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dcterms-isReferencedBy "http://genomebiology.com/2012/13/1/R5" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dcterms-isReferencedBy "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dc-creator "Chris Mungall - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165" xsd:string
property_value: dc-creator "Melissa Haendel" xsd:string
property_value: dc-creator "Alex Decechi" xsd:string
property_value: dc-creator "Nizar Ibrahim" xsd:string
property_value: dc-creator "Aurelie Comte" xsd:string
property_value: dc-creator "Anne Niknejad" xsd:string
property_value: dc-creator "Wasila Dahdul" xsd:string
property_value: dc-creator "Erik Segerdell" xsd:string
property_value: dc-creator "David Blackburn" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Suzanna Lewis" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Paula Mabee" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "George Gkoutos" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Carlo Torniai" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Maryann Martone" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Bill Bug" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Terry Hayamizu" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Alexander Diehl" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Ann Maglia" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Terry Meehan" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Yvonne Bradford" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "James Balhoff" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Hilmar Lapp" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "David Osumi-Sutherland" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Jonathan Bard" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Duncan Davidson" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "David Hill" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Rebecca Foulger" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Shahim Essaid" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Ceri Van Slyke" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Paul Schofield" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Robert Druzinsky" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Brian K Hall" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Frederic Bastian" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Marc Robinson-Rechavi" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Onard Mejino" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Alan Ruttenberg" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Cynthia Smith" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Anna Anagnostopoulos" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Sarah Whitcher Kansa - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-5321" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Phenoscape Project" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Bgee Project - http://bgee.unil.ch" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "PATO Project" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "Gene Ontology Consortium" xsd:string
property_value: dc-contributor "NIF Project - http://neuinfo.org/" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ma.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/fma.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ehdaa2.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/emapa.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bto.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/vhog.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/fbbt.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/wbbt.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/zfa.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/tao.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/vsao.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aao.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/xao.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/caro.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aeo.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bila.owl
property_value: dc-source http://www.e-lico.eu/public/kupo/kupo.owl
property_value: dc-source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
property_value: dc-source http://dbpedia.org
property_value: dc-source http://palaeos.com
property_value: dc-source http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-GrossAnatomy.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/go.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/hp.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/mp.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/cl.owl
property_value: dc-source http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/aba.owl
property_value: dc-source http://www.brain-map.org
property_value: dc-source http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/
property_value: dc-source http://pons.incf.org/wiki/Common_Upper_Mammalian_Brain_Ontology_%28Cumbo%29
property_value: dc-source "MESH" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN10:0073040584 Vertebrates, Kardong" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN:9780878932504 Developmental Biology" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN10:0471888893 Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation by Butler and Hodos" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN:0030229073 Invertebrate Zoology, Barnes" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN-10:0226313379 Fins into Limbs: Evolution, Development, and Transformation, Hall" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN-10:0443065837 Human embryology, Larsen" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN:9780120749034 The laboratory rat" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "PMID:16417468 Forgotten and novel aspects in pancreas development, Pieler and Chen" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN10:1588903958 Principles and practice of pediatric neurosurgery By A. Leland Albright, P. David Adelson, Ian F. Pollack" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN:0683400088 Stedman's Medical Dictionary" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN10:1588900649 Color Atlas and Textbook of Human Anatomy: Nervous system and sensory organs By Werner Kahle, Michael Frotscher" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN:9780397517251 Surgical anatomy of the hand and upper extremity. By James R. Doyle and Michael J. Botte" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN:9780674021839 The Tree of Life - Guillaume Lecointre, Herve Le Guyader" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "PMID:11433360 Placental development: lessons from mouse mutants" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN10:1607950324 Craniofacial Embryogenetics & Development, 2nd edition, Sperber" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN:978-0-12-369548-2 Principles of Developmental Genetics, Sally A Moody" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "ISBN10:0123813611 Comparative Anatomy and Histology: A Mouse and Human Atlas, Treuting and Dintzis" xsd:string
property_value: dc-source "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MnUgispgGfNQoezYzWzzGTnkAnI0gzRnJIwdip6MMtw/edit" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dc-source "http://wiki.phenotypercn.org/wg/phenotypercn/index.php?title=Neural_Crest_Workshop" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dc-source "https://docs.google.com/document/d/16JZOuH9sh_a8uIXA4cqg0Q1H6MV5yCj3-rhuKsZoV_U/edit" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dc-source "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cPWBqrl_Qy7XHEWFqtR_PgQX61yRkgGuLaiDpnEXxkE/edit" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dc-source "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1r9kNPpFYGdu0SpJDLyFAVQczBlG0wAZCBMd18gG3Ot8/edit#" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dc-source "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Aj8NJdyb-leqdDM0R3hTVTRHRExDVjRCSkZEbDc5N1E#gid=0" xsd:anyURI
property_value: dc-source "http://wiki.phenotypercn.org/wiki/August_2012_Notes" xsd:anyURI
property_value: doap-GitRepository "https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/" xsd:anyURI
property_value: doap-SVNRepository "https://obo.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/obo/uberon/" xsd:anyURI
property_value: doap-bug-database "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/" xsd:anyURI
subsetdef: uberon_slim "Uberon slim - somewhat arbitrary subset that excludes obscure terms and deep compositional terms"
subsetdef: vessel_or_tree "A term classified differently in FMA due to its treatment of branching structures - to be reviewed and revised by editors"
subsetdef: grouping_class "Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes"
subsetdef: developmental_classification "developmental_classification"
subsetdef: functional_classification "functional_classification"
subsetdef: emapa_ehdaa2 "derived from the union of EHDAA2 and EMAPA - still to be checked"
subsetdef: inconsistent_with_fma "classes that have some inconsistency with FMA"
subsetdef: inherited_grouping_class "A grouping class that originates in two or more separate anatomical ontologies. Includes 'region of X' type terms"
subsetdef: dubious_grouping "Indicates that subclasses in AOs may be inappropriately linked"
subsetdef: unverified_taxonomic_grouping "Indicates that the class encompasses classes from other AOs that have not been verified"
subsetdef: upper_level "abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis"
subsetdef: non_informative "abstract class brought in to group ontology classes but not informative"
subsetdef: defined_by_ordinal_series "classes that are defined by relative position counting from first in a series of elements along an axis in an individual organism rather than by strict homology"
subsetdef: vertebrate_core "core classes typically found across vertebrates. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new vertebrate AO"
subsetdef: metazoa_core "core classes typically found across metazoa. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new metazoan AO. Note this subset is not yet fully fleshed out"
subsetdef: major_organ "somewhat fuzzy grouping for analysis purposes, currently composed of something like: liver, heart, skeletal, kidney, bladder, brain, skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, trachea nose, lungs, brain, spinal cord,  peripheral nerves, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads"
subsetdef: organ_slim "organs, excluding individual muscles and skeletal elements"
subsetdef: upper_ontology_conflict "Terms in this subset group together terms from different anatomy ontologies that have conflicting upper ontology/CARO assignments. For example, in FMA the naris is immaterial and in ZFA it is an organism subdivision."
subsetdef: disjointness_axiom_removed "A class which has a weakened disjointness axiom, to avoid inconsistency. These are kept separately in the uberon_disjoint_from_strict ontology."
subsetdef: early_development "A class that represents an early developmental structure, like a blastocyst. This part of the ontology is undergoing review to remove inappropriate grouping classes."
subsetdef: phenotype_rcn "A subset specifically created for the 2012 Phenotype RCN meeting. Includes some human-specific terms that may eventually be removed when they are adequately represented with part of relationships in FMA"
subsetdef: cyclostome_subset "cyclostome structures"
subsetdef: loose_concept "loose concept"
synonymtypedef: HUMAN_PREFERRED "preferred term when talking about an instance of this class in Homo sapiens"
synonymtypedef: ABBREVIATION "abbreviation"
synonymtypedef: LATIN "latin term"
synonymtypedef: PLURAL "plural term"
synonymtypedef: DEVELOPMENTAL "developmental term"
synonymtypedef: DUBIOUS "dubious or contested synonym"
synonymtypedef: SENSU "taxonomic disambiguation"
synonymtypedef: ATTRIBUTION_REQUIRED "expert consultation and attribution required"
synonymtypedef: INCONSISTENT "indicates that a synonym is used in an inconsistent or confusing way, typically between species"
synonymtypedef: DEPRECATED "A historic synonym, no longer encouraged"
synonymtypedef: HOMOLOGY "a synonym made on the basis of a possibly homologous structure in another species"
default-namespace: uberon
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent: CARO
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent: GO
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent: BSPO
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent: NIF_GrossAnatomy
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent: BILA
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent: OG
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent: VSAO
treat-xrefs-as-has-subclass: EMAPA
treat-xrefs-as-has-subclass: EHDAA
treat-xrefs-as-has-subclass: OGES
treat-xrefs-as-has-subclass: EV
treat-xrefs-as-has-subclass: SCTID
treat-xrefs-as-has-subclass: ABA
treat-xrefs-as-is_a: VHOG
treat-xrefs-as-has-subclass: ncithesaurus 
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: AAO part_of NCBITaxon:8292
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: FBbt part_of NCBITaxon:7227
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: FBdv part_of NCBITaxon:7227
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: FMA part_of NCBITaxon:9606
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: EHDAA2 part_of NCBITaxon:9606
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: HsapDv part_of NCBITaxon:9606
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: HAO part_of NCBITaxon:7399
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: MA part_of NCBITaxon:10088
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: MmusDv part_of NCBITaxon:10088
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: MFO part_of NCBITaxon:8089
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: OlatDv part_of NCBITaxon:8089
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: SPD part_of NCBITaxon:6893
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: TGMA part_of NCBITaxon:44484
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: TADS part_of NCBITaxon:6939
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: TAO part_of NCBITaxon:32443
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: WBbt part_of NCBITaxon:6237
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: XAO part_of NCBITaxon:8353
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: ZFA part_of NCBITaxon:7954
treat-xrefs-as-reverse-genus-differentia: ZFS part_of NCBITaxon:7954
!remark: Uberon is an anatomical ontology covering metazoa. For more details, see http://uberon.org or http://genomebiology.com/2012/13/1/R5
ontology: uberon
!import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/go.owl
!import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/cl-basic.owl
!import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon/subsets/taxslim-disjoint-over-in-taxon.owl
idspace: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
idspace: foaf http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1
idspace: NIF_GrossAnatomy http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-GrossAnatomy.owl#
idspace: SIO http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_
idspace: ncithesaurus http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000000
name: processual entity
def: "An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity." [span:ProcessualEntity]
subset: upper_level
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000002
name: uterine cervix
def: "Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina." [Wikipedia:Cervix]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "canalis cervicis uteri" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "cervical canal" EXACT  [FMA:17740]
synonym: "cervical canal of uterus" EXACT  [FMA:17740]
synonym: "neck of uterus" EXACT  [FMA:17740]
synonym: "uterine cervix" EXACT  [FMA:17740]
synonym: "cervix uteri" EXACT LATIN [EMAPA:29927]
synonym: "caudal segment of uterus" EXACT []
synonym: "cervix" BROAD [EFO:0000979]
xref: FMA:17740 ! Cervix of uterus
xref: GAID:376 ! cervix
xref: EMAPA:29927 ! cervix uteri
xref: VHOG:0001359 ! uterine cervix
xref: MA:0000392 ! uterine cervix
xref: MAT:0000292 ! cervix
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0001421 ! uterine cervix
xref: BTO:0002249 ! cervical canal
xref: EFO:0000979 ! cervix
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! uterine cervix
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.679.256 ! cervix uteri
xref: EV:0100114 ! cervix
is_a: UBERON:0001560 {source="FMA"} ! neck of organ
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
synonym: "canalis cervicis uteri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:17740]
xref: SCTID:245494008 ! Entire cervical canal of uterus
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervix ! cervix uteri
xref: galen:CervixUteri ! cervix uteri
property_value: external_definition "The narrow caudal end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001359", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/uterine+cervix", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The evolution of mammals is associated with radical changes in their reproductive biology, particularly the structure and function of the female reproductive organs. These changes include the evolution of the uterus, cervix, vagina, placenta and specialized cell types associated with each of those structures.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001359", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1098/rspb.2004.2848 Lynch VJ\, Roth JJ\, Takahashi K\, Dunn CW\, Nonaka DF\, Stopper GF\, Wagner GP\, Adaptive evolution of HoxA-11 and HoxA-13 at the origin of the uterus in mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London\, Series B (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cervical" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0007874

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009853
name: body of uterus
def: "that part of the uterus above the isthmus and below the orifices of the uterine tubes." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/corpus+uteri]
synonym: "uterine body" EXACT  [FMA:17739]
synonym: "uterine corpus" EXACT  [FMA:17739]
synonym: "corpus uteri" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000995 {source="FMA"} ! uterus
xref: FMA:17739 ! body of uterus
xref: ncithesaurus:Corpus_Uteri
xref: SCTID:279878007 ! Entire corpus uteri
xref: EFO:0000382 ! corpus uteri
xref: UMLS:C0227813

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000003
name: naris
def: "Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH]." [UBERON:MAH]
comment: consistency notes: we have classified this as an orifice, according to FMA. Note that in FMA, orifices are immaterial entities, but in ZFA this is a surface structure. Taxon notes: in actinopterygians, both pairs of nares are external. In tetrapods, the exhalant empties into the buccal cavity
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: upper_ontology_conflict
xref: AAO:0000311 ! naris
xref: EHDAA:9083 ! naris
xref: VHOG:0000663 ! naris
xref: MA:0000282 ! naris
xref: galen:Naris ! naris
xref: EHDAA2:0001225 ! naris
xref: EMAPA:17847 ! naris
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
intersection_of: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005725 ! olfactory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 {source="ZFA"} ! head
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000033 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7776", notes="hagfish have median nostril"} ! head
xref: SCTID:272650008 ! Naris, entire, anterior or posterior
property_value: external_definition "One of paired external openings of the nasal chamber.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000311", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "Naris refer to the external and interior naris (choana) of tetrapods, and to anterior and posterior naris of zebrafish. It seems now accepted that the structure is homologous: The choana, a unique 'internal nostril' opening from the nasal sac into the roof of the mouth, is a key part of the tetrapod (land vertebrate) respiratory system. It was the first component of the tetrapod body plan to evolve, well before the origin of limbs, and is therefore crucial to our understanding of the beginning of the fish-tetrapod transition.  (...) Here we present new material of Kenichthys, a 395-million-year-old fossil fish from China, that provides direct evidence for the origin of the choana and establishes its homology: it is indeed a displaced posterior external nostril that, during a brief transitional stage illustrated by Kenichthys, separated the maxilla from the premaxilla.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000663", ontology="VHOG", source="doi:10.1038/nature02843 Zhu M\, Ahlberg PE\, The origin of the internal nostril in tetrapodes. Nature (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005928 ! external naris
name: external naris
def: "Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing." [OMD:nostril, Wikipedia:Nostril]
comment: Fish have two pairs of external nostrils.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "external nares" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "anterior naris" RELATED [ZFA:0001427]
synonym: "nostril" EXACT [XAO:0003033, FMA:59645]
synonym: "blowhole" NARROW [Wikipedia:Blowhole_(anatomy)]
synonym: "naris" BROAD [ZFA:0000550]
xref: TAO:0000550 ! naris
xref: ZFA:0000550 ! naris
xref: FMA:59645 ! External naris
xref: MA:0001320 ! external naris
xref: XAO:0003033 ! nostril
xref: ncithesaurus:Nostril ! Nostril
xref: AAO:0000024 ! apertura_nasalis_externa
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nostril
xref: VHOG:0000544 ! external naris
xref: EHDAA2:0001275 ! nostril
xref: EMAPA:17848 ! external of naris
xref: EHDAA:9085 ! external of naris
xref: AAO:0010358 ! nostril
xref: AAO:0000983 ! external naris
is_a: UBERON:0003102 {source="ZFA"} ! surface structure
is_a: UBERON:0000003 {source="MA"} ! naris
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007585 ! breathing
xref: SCTID:276165005 ! Entire anterior naris
property_value: external_definition "Hole on the nasal capsule that connects the nasal cavity with the exterior.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000024", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass nasal opening (AAO:0000316)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000024", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
synonym: "anterior nares" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000544]
property_value: homology_notes "In a tetrapod, the nasal sac has an external naris (homologous with the anterior naris of the fish) (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000544", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.257 and Figure 7.27", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0595944

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010893
alt_id: UBERON:0012123
name: median external naris
synonym: "median anterior naris" EXACT  []
synonym: "median nostril" EXACT  []
synonym: "nasohypophysial opening" EXACT [http://tolweb.org/Hyperoartia]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005928 ! external naris
intersection_of: in_median_plane_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7762
subset: cyclostome_subset

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010425 ! internal naris
name: internal naris
synonym: "choana" EXACT  []
synonym: "internal nostril" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0000003 {source="MA"} ! naris
property_value: has_relational_adjective "choanal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010426
name: oropharyngeal choana
def: "opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the oropharynx via the roof of the mouth." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: Aves. Function notes: has function in pressure equalization in birds that fly to high altitudes
synonym: "oropharyngeal naris" EXACT  []
synonym: "choana of oropharynx" EXACT  []
synonym: "palatal choana" EXACT  []
synonym: "palatal cleft" RELATED  []
synonym: "cleft palate" RELATED  []
synonym: "apertura nasalis interna" RELATED [AAO:0000025]
is_a: UBERON:0010425 ! internal naris
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001729 ! oropharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! secondary palate
xref: AAO:0000025 ! apertura nasalis interna
property_value: external_definition "Hole on the nasal capsule that connects the nasal and buccal cavites.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000025", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass nasal opening (AAO:0000316)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000025", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004771 ! posterior nasal aperture
name: posterior nasal aperture
def: "Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx[AAO] The choanae are separated by the vomer[WP]." [AAO:0000093, Wikipedia:Posterior_nasal_apertures]
comment: Fish don't have choanae, instead they have two pairs of external nostrils[WP] In addition to tetrapods, the lungfish has internal nostrils too. TODO: check part_of vs adjacent_to nasal cavity. In tetrapods the exhalant nostril (choana) empties into the buccal cavity.
synonym: "choana" BROAD [XAO:0000277, Wikipedia:Choane]
synonym: "internal naris" BROAD [MA:0001323]
synonym: "nasopharyngeal naris" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000093 ! choana 
xref: XAO:0000277 ! choana
xref: FMA:53143 ! posterior nasal aperture
xref: VHOG:0000545 ! choana
xref: EHDAA2:0000242 ! choana
xref: EHDAA:7842 ! choana
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gray855.png/200px-Gray855.png
xref: MA:0001323 ! internal naris
is_a: UBERON:0010425 ! internal naris
intersection_of: UBERON:0000003 ! naris
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001728 ! nasopharynx
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
xref: SCTID:244507001 ! Entire choana
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Gray855.png
property_value: external_definition "Opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000093", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
synonym: "choanae" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000545]
synonym: "posterior naris" RELATED [VHOG:0000545]
property_value: external_definition "One of the paired openings from the nasal cavities into the pharynx. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-6, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000545", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The choana, a unique 'internal nostril' opening from the nasal sac into the roof of the mouth, is a key part of the tetrapod (land vertebrate) respiratory system. It was the first component of the tetrapod body plan to evolve, well before the origin of limbs, and is therefore crucial to our understanding of the beginning of the fish-tetrapod transition. (...) Here we present new material of Kenichthys, a 395-million-year-old fossil fish from China, that provides direct evidence for the origin of the choana and establishes its homology: it is indeed a displaced posterior external nostril that, during a brief transitional stage illustrated by Kenichthys, separated the maxilla from the premaxilla.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000545", ontology="VHOG", source="doi:10.1038/nature02843 Zhu M\, Ahlberg PE\, The origin of the internal nostril in tetrapodes. Nature (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005931
name: primary choana
def: "initial opening of the nasal pits and olfactory sac of the embryo into the rostral part of the primordial oronasal cavity, before the formation of the secondary palate." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/primary-choana.html]
comment: TODO - check. MA says part_of external naris.
xref: MA:0001322 ! primary choana
xref: EMAPA:17851 ! primary choana
xref: EHDAA:9087 ! primary choana
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005928 ! external naris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002109
name: pair of nares
def: "Pair of nostrils." [Wikipedia:Nares]
comment: Note this is a "set of anatomical planes" in FMA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nares" RELATED []
synonym: "nares set" EXACT []
synonym: "nostrils" EXACT []
synonym: "pair of nostrils" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72005 ! Set of nares
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7745 {source="http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html"} ! Petromyzontiformes
synonym: "set of nares" RELATED [FMA:72005]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000402
name: nasal vestibule
def: "The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It's enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin. The other part of the nasal cavity, which is lined by the respiratory epithelium, is called nasal cavity proper. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_vestibule]
synonym: "vestibular part of nasal cavity" EXACT [FMA:59644]
synonym: "vestibulum nasale" RELATED [BTO:0001761]
synonym: "vestibulum nasi" RELATED [BTO:0001761]
xref: BTO:0001761
xref: FMA:59644 ! Nasal vestibule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray994.png/200px-Gray994.png
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
xref: SCTID:278940000 ! Entire nasal vestibule
synonym: "vestibulum nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasal_vestibule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Gray994.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004110
name: midnasal cavity
def: "includes the cavity between the nares and the choanae." [HP:0010641]
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004771 ! posterior nasal aperture
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0005928 ! external naris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005725 ! olfactory system
name: olfactory system
def: "The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction, or the sense of smell. Most mammals and reptiles have two distinct parts to their olfactory system: a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects volatile, airborne substances, while the accessory olfactory system senses fluid-phase stimuli. Behavioral evidence indicates that most often, the stimuli detected by the accessory olfactory system are pheromones. The olfactory system is often spoken of along with the gustatory system as the chemosensory senses because both transduce chemical signals into perception[WP]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_system]
comment: In mammals, the main olfactory system detects odorants that are inhaled through the nose, where they contact the main olfactory epithelium, which contains various olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors are membrane proteins of bipolar olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules. Olfactory neurons transduce receptor activation into electrical signals in neurons. The signals travel along the olfactory nerve, which belongs to the peripheral nervous system. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which belongs to the central nervous system. The complex set of olfactory receptors on different olfactory neurons can distinguish a new odor from the background environmental odors and determine the concentration of the odor // Editor note: consider splitting into main and accessory. See also: vomeronasal organ // note we make the relationship to nervous system 'overlaps', as the olfactory system includes e.g. apertures in the cranium that are not part of the nervous system
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0001149 ! olfactory system
xref: AAO:0000334 ! olfactory_system
xref: BILA:0000144 ! olfactory system
xref: FMA:7190 ! Olfactory system
xref: MA:0002445 ! olfactory system
xref: TAO:0001149 ! olfactory system
xref: EFO:0001973 ! olfactory system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViw75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! olfactory system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090806 ! Olfactory system
xref: XAO:0003196 ! olfactory system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001032 ! sensory system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007608 ! sensory perception of smell
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
xref: AAO:0000978 ! olfactory system
xref: SCTID:362290002 ! Entire olfactory system
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_System ! olfactory system
property_value: external_definition "The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000978", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: UMLS:C0228065

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007827
name: external nose
def: "Subdivision of face, the exterior of the nose, which consists of a root, dorsum, tip, columella, and right and left alae." [FMA:59515]
synonym: "nose" RELATED []
xref: FMA:59515 ! external nose
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 {source="FMA"} ! olfactory apparatus
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Nose ! External Nose
xref: SCTID:265785009 ! Entire external nose
xref: UMLS:C0458561

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000004
name: olfactory apparatus
def: "a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity)." [Wikipedia:Nose]
comment: TODO - distinguish generic olfactory apparatus from nose; we have olfactory organ for the generic organ - add new class 'olfactory structure'?
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "nose" EXACT []
synonym: "peripheral olfactory organ" EXACT []
synonym: "proboscis" RELATED []
synonym: "nasal sac" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0000047]
xref: BTO:0000840
xref: EFO:0000828 ! nose
xref: EHDAA:1502 ! nose
xref: FMA:46472 ! Nose
xref: GAID:77 ! nose
xref: MA:0000281 ! nose
xref: MAT:0000139 ! nose
xref: MIAA:0000139 ! nose
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000047 ! peripheral olfactory organ
xref: ZFA:0000047 ! peripheral olfactory organ
xref: ncithesaurus:Nose ! Nose
xref: galen:Nose ! nose
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nose
xref: EHDAA2:0001274 ! nose
xref: EMAPA:16542 ! nose
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.733 ! nose
xref: EV:0100037 ! nose
xref: EV:0100370 ! olfactory apparatus
is_a: UBERON:0002268 ! olfactory organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003050 ! olfactory placode
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007608 ! sensory perception of smell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004089 ! midface
xref: SCTID:181195007 ! Entire nose
synonym: "Nasus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nose]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Canine-nose.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0028429

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002268 ! olfactory organ
name: olfactory organ
comment: note - fma general anatomical term. xao has no subtypes (but Johnstons organ develops from this). An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint
subset: functional_classification
synonym: "olfactory neuroepithelium" RELATED [BTO:0001772]
synonym: "organ olfactus" RELATED [BTO:0001772]
synonym: "organum olfactorium" RELATED [BTO:0001772]
xref: FMA:77659 ! Olfactory organ
xref: VHOG:0000287 ! olfactory organ
xref: XAO:0000273 ! olfactory organ
xref: BTO:0001772 ! olfactory organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
intersection_of: has_function_in GO:0007608 ! sensory perception of smell
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005725 ! olfactory system
xref: AAO:0010180 ! olfactory organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001707
name: nasal cavity
def: "a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity]
comment: the cavity includes and starts at the nares and reaches all the way through to the and includes the choanae, the posterior nasal apertures[HP]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cavity of nose" EXACT []
synonym: "nasal pit" RELATED []
synonym: "olfactory cavity" RELATED []
synonym: "olfactory pit" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ZFA:0000130]
synonym: "nasal fossa" EXACT [Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity]
synonym: "nasal canal" EXACT [ZFA:0000130]
synonym: "cavitas nasalis" RELATED [BTO:0002096]
synonym: "cavitas nasi" RELATED [BTO:0002096]
xref: AAO:0000314 ! nasal_cavity
xref: EHDAA:6801 ! nasal cavity
xref: FMA:54378 ! Nasal cavity
xref: GAID:350 ! nasal cavity
xref: VHOG:0000271 ! nasal cavity
xref: MA:0000284 ! nasal cavity
xref: TAO:0000130 ! olfactory pit
xref: ZFA:0000130 ! olfactory pit
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cavity ! Nasal Cavity
xref: BTO:0002096 ! nasal cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0001226 ! nasal cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg/200px-Illu01_head_neck.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17604 ! nasal cavity
xref: MESH:A04.531.449 ! nasal cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 {source="MA"} ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001557 {source="MA"} ! upper respiratory tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005870 ! olfactory pit
xref: SCTID:263481003 ! Entire nasal cavity
synonym: "cavum nasi; cavitas nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Saclike space internal to the nasal capsule lined by respiratory and sensory epithelium and glandular tissue.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000314", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: homology_notes "Despite significant modification to the nasal cavity within Archosauria and its extreme hypertrophy and supraorbital development in Lambeosaurinae, the neural olfactory system and the olfactory region of the nasal cavity proper retain their plesiomorphic positions and associations, suggesting that this system is highly conserved in vertebrate evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000271", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1666/0094-8373(2006)032[0109:NCHACC]2.0.CO;2 Evans DC\, Nasal cavity homologies and cranial crest function in lambeosaurine dinosaurs. Paleobiology (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0027423

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005870 ! olfactory pit
name: olfactory pit
def: "An indentation of the olfactory placode which ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx[GO]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_pit, GO:0060166]
comment: we represent the relationship as develops from, though in fact the pit is formed as an indentation in the placode
synonym: "nasal pit" EXACT [XAO:0000275]
xref: EHDAA2:0001295 ! olfactory pit
xref: EHDAA:4772 ! olfactory pit
xref: EMAPA:16800 ! olfactory pit
xref: XAO:0000275 ! nasal pit
xref: XAO:0004073 ! olfactory pit
xref: EFO:0003496 ! olfactory pit
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 {source="EMAPA"} ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003050 {source="XAO:0000275 nasal pit"} ! olfactory placode
xref: AAO:0011068 ! nasal pit
xref: SCTID:361485001 ! Olfactory pit
property_value: external_definition "By the upgrowth of the surrounding parts the olfactory areas are converted into pits, the nasal pits or olfactory pits, which indent the fronto-nasal process and divide it into a medial and two lateral nasal processes[Wikipedia:Nasal_pit]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Nasal_pit"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005384
name: nasal cavity epithelium
synonym: "nasal mucosa" RELATED []
synonym: "nasal epithelium" EXACT [FMA:63140]
xref: MA:0001324 ! nasal cavity epithelium
xref: EHDAA:6803 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000501 ! nasal epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001227 ! nasal cavity epithelium
xref: FMA:63140 ! nasal epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cavity_Epithelium ! Nasal Cavity Epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17605 ! epithelium of nasal cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001826 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cavity mucosa
def: "An epithelium that is part of a nasal cavity." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1709151

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005386
name: olfactory mucosa
def: "That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory endings for olfaction; the organ of smell[GAID]. The olfactory mucosa is located in the upper region of the nasal cavity and is made up of the olfactory epithelium and the underlying lamina propria, connective tissue containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, Bowman's glands and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. The mucus protects the olfactory epithelium and allows odors to dissolve so that they can be detected by olfactory receptor neurons. Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles. The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that Bowman's glands do not produce odorant binding protein[WP]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_mucosa, GAID:303]
comment: note uberon uses the term 'mucosa' as 'portion of mucosa', thus the relationship is subclass, not part_of
synonym: "olfactory zone of nasal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:77199]
synonym: "olfactory area of nasal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:77199]
synonym: "olfactory part of nasal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:77199]
xref: FMA:77199 ! olfactory zone of nasal mucosa
xref: GAID:303 ! olfactory mucosa 
xref: MESH:A04.531.520.573 ! olfactory mucosa
relationship: has_part UBERON:0005384 ! nasal cavity epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0001826 ! nasal cavity mucosa
synonym: "pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77199]
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Mucosa ! Olfactory Mucosa
synonym: "pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olfactory_mucosa]
xref: UMLS:C0028937

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001826 ! nasal cavity mucosa
name: nasal cavity mucosa
def: "the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity[MP]." [MP:0002238]
comment: TODO - check lining vs part of. split olfactory and nasal mucosa?
synonym: "mucous membrane of nose" EXACT [FMA:59684]
synonym: "nasal mucosa" RELATED []
synonym: "mucosa of nose" EXACT [FMA:59684]
xref: BTO:0000912 ! nasal mucosa
xref: FMA:59684 ! Mucosa of nose
xref: GAID:302 ! nasal mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
synonym: "tunica mucosa nasi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:59684]
synonym: "tunica mucosa nasalis" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:310211009 ! Entire mucous membrane of nose

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003729
name: mouth mucosa
def: "the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized." [Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]
comment: Usage notes: this is defined as any mucous membrane of the mouth - including palate, lips, uvula, etc. ncit split mouth/oral mucosa into lip and buccal. In future we may split into masticatory/keratinized (gingiva + hard palate) vs lining/non-keratinized (lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, soft palate). FMA distinguishes between mucosa of mouth and region of mouth (the latter including the buccal mucosa)
synonym: "buccal mucosa" RELATED [GAID:951]
synonym: "mouth mucosa" EXACT [FMA:59660]
synonym: "mucous membrane of mouth" EXACT [FMA:59660]
synonym: "oral mucosa" RELATED [GAID:951]
synonym: "oral part of viscerocranial mucosa" EXACT [FMA:59660]
synonym: "mouth mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "mouth organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "mucosa of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "oral mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "mucosal lining of mouth" RELATED [MA:0002794]
xref: FMA:59660 ! Mucosa of mouth
xref: GAID:951 ! mouth mucosa
xref: MA:0002794 ! oral mucosa
xref: BTO:0002860 ! oral mucosa
xref: MESH:A10.615.550.599 ! mouth mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000355 ! pharyngeal mucosa
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001458 ! skin of lip
synonym: "tunica mucosa oris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:59660]
xref: ncithesaurus:Oral_Mucosa ! Oral Mucosa
synonym: "tunica mucosa oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]
xref: UMLS:C0026639

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006956
name: buccal mucosa
def: "The inner lining of the cheeks and lips." [Medical_Dictionary:http://www.medterms.com/]
xref: FMA:59785 ! buccal mucosa
xref: BTO:0003833 ! buccal mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003729 ! mouth mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001567 ! cheek
xref: ncithesaurus:Buccal_Mucosa ! Buccal Mucosa
xref: SCTID:16811007 ! Buccal mucosa
xref: UMLS:C1578559

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002424
name: oral epithelium
def: "Epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor note: consider including separate class for developmental structure (adult human is stratified; in EHDAA2 is unilaminar). Development notes: the avian oral epithelium has the developmental capacity to initiate tooth developmental programs with underlying grafts of non-avian oral ectomesenchyme [PMID:16488870]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "epithelium of mucosa of mouth" EXACT [FMA:265152]
synonym: "epithelium of oral mucosa" EXACT  [FMA:265152]
xref: EHDAA:2187 ! oral epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000187 ! oral epithelium
xref: MA:0000344 ! oral epithelium
xref: ZFA:0000816 ! oral epithelium
xref: BTO:0001775 ! oral epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001325 ! oral epithelium
xref: XAO:0003201 ! oral epithelium
xref: EMAPA:16839 ! oral epithelium of oral region
xref: EMAPA:26942 ! oral epithelium of mucosa of oral region
is_a: UBERON:0006915 {source="FMA", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! stratified squamous epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003729 ! mouth mucosa
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000167 {source="AAO-modified"} ! oral cavity
xref: AAO:0010357 ! oral epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity_Epithelium ! oral cavity epithelium
xref: TAO:0000816 ! oral epithelium
xref: FMA:265152 ! epithelium of mucosa of mouth
property_value: external_definition "The epithelium that lines the oral cavity. The oral epithelium epithelial cells with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091204-24]." xsd:string {source="ZFA:0000816"}
xref: UMLS:C1709332

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000176
name: oronasal secretion
def: "Oronasal secretion is a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose." [ENVO:02000035]
xref: ENVO:02000035
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: secreted_by UBERON:0001826 ! nasal cavity mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001997
name: olfactory epithelium
alt_id: UBERON:0004853
def: "Epithelium inside the nasal cavity that is responsible for detecting odors[WP]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_epithelium, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Genes: V1Rs, Trpc2 present in lamprey // See also: FMA:77199 ! olfactory zone of nasal mucosa
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "nasal epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "nasal sensory epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "olfactory sensory epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "sensory olfactory epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "nasal cavity olfactory epithelium" EXACT [MA:0001325]
synonym: "olfactory mucosa" RELATED [GAID:303]
synonym: "olfactory membrane" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2703]
xref: BTO:0000108
xref: FMA:64803 ! Olfactory epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000985 ! olfactory epithelium
xref: MAT:0000445 ! olfactory epithelium
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2703 ! Olfactory epithelium
xref: TAO:0000554 ! olfactory epithelium
xref: ZFA:0000554 ! olfactory epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Epithelium ! Olfactory Epithelium
xref: EFO:0001972 ! olfactory epithelium
xref: MA:0001325 ! nasal cavity olfactory epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001228 ! nasal cavity olfactory epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray857.png/200px-Gray857.png
xref: EMAPA:17606 ! olfactory
xref: EHDAA:4774 ! nasal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0006934 ! sensory epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0010499 {source="FMA", notes="check for other species"} ! pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001826 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cavity mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003050 ! olfactory placode
relationship: has_part CL:0000207 {source="FMA"} ! olfactory receptor cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000853 {source="FMA"} ! olfactory epithelial support cell
relationship: has_function_in GO:0050911 ! detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell
xref: AAO:0010158 ! olfactory epithelium
xref: SCTID:37623003 ! Olfactory sensory epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray857.png
property_value: external_definition "Sensory lining of the medial wall, roof and anterior aspects of the main olfactory cavity (cavum principale).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010158", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:DSM"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of principal cavity (AAO:0000992)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010158", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0599332

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005385
name: nasal cavity respiratory epithelium
xref: MA:0001326 ! nasal cavity respiratory epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001230 ! nasal cavity respiratory epithelium
xref: EHDAA:6807 ! respiratory
is_a: UBERON:0005384 ! nasal cavity epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cavity_Respiratory_Epithelium ! Nasal Cavity Respiratory Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1709152

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000005
name: chemosensory organ
subset: uberon_slim
subset: functional_classification
synonym: "chemosensory sensory organ" EXACT [FBbt:00005157]
xref: FBbt:00005157 ! chemosensory sensory organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007606 ! sensory perception of chemical stimulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005726 ! chemosensory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005726 ! chemosensory system
name: chemosensory system
xref: BILA:0000139 ! chemosensory system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001032 ! sensory system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007606 ! sensory perception of chemical stimulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001728
name: nasopharynx
def: "uppermost part of the pharynx. It extends from the base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate; it differs from the oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx in that its cavity always remains patent (open)[WP]. In front it communicates through the choanae with the nasal cavities. On its lateral wall is the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus tubarius or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane." [Wikipedia:Nasopharynx]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx" EXACT []
synonym: "rhinopharynx" EXACT []
synonym: "epipharynx" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pharynx]
synonym: "Nasenrachenraum" RELATED [BTO:0000662]
xref: BTO:0000662
xref: EHDAA:7086 ! nasopharynx
xref: FMA:54878 ! Nasopharynx
xref: GAID:339 ! nasopharynx
xref: VHOG:0000375 ! nasopharynx
xref: MA:0000443 ! nasopharynx
xref: MAT:0000447 ! nasopharynx
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasopharynx ! Nasopharynx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUPoDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nasopharynx
xref: EHDAA2:0001239 ! nasopharynx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Illu_pharynx.jpg/200px-Illu_pharynx.jpg
xref: EMAPA:25092 ! nasopharynx of nose
xref: EMAPA:17670 ! nasopharynx of upper of respiratory tract
xref: MESH:A03.867.557 ! nasopharynx
xref: EV:0100066 ! nasopharynx
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001557 ! upper respiratory tract
xref: SCTID:181200003 ! Entire nasopharynx
synonym: "pars nasalis pharyngis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasopharynx]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Illu_pharynx.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The uppermost of the three regions of the throat (pharynx), situated behind the nasal cavity and extending from the posterior nares to the level above the soft palate. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000375", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nasopharynx", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "nasopharyngeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0027442

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001729
name: oropharynx
def: "The Oropharynx (oral part of the pharynx) reaches from the Uvula to the level of the hyoid bone. It opens anteriorly, through the isthmus faucium, into the mouth, while in its lateral wall, between the two palatine arches, is the palatine tonsil. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Oropharynx]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "oral part of pharynx" EXACT []
synonym: "mesopharynx" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pharynx]
xref: FMA:54879 ! Oropharynx
xref: GAID:340 ! oropharynx
xref: VHOG:0000457 ! oropharynx
xref: MA:0000351 ! oropharynx
xref: MAT:0000446 ! oropharynx
xref: ncithesaurus:Oropharynx ! Oropharynx
xref: EFO:0001976 ! oropharynx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwACoxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! oropharynx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Illu_pharynx.jpg/200px-Illu_pharynx.jpg
xref: EMAPA:25094 ! oropharynx
xref: MESH:A03.867.603 ! oropharynx
xref: EV:0100067 ! oropharynx
xref: VSAO:0000034 ! oropharynx
xref: EHDAA2:0004082 ! oropharynx
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010023 {source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2
xref: SCTID:263376008 ! Entire oropharynx
xref: XAO:0004048 ! oropharynx
synonym: "pars oralis pharyngis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oropharynx]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Illu_pharynx.jpg
property_value: external_definition "One of the three anatomic divisions of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth and is continuous above with the nasopharynx and below with the laryngopharynx. It extends behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below and contains the palatine and lingual tonsils. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000457", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oropharynx", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "oropharyngeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0521367

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009959
name: lumen of oropharynx
synonym: "oropharynx lumen" EXACT  [FMA:55095]
synonym: "oropharyngeal cavity" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004556]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001729 ! oropharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001729 ! oropharynx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006272 {source="EHDAA2"} ! oronasal cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001731 ! cavity of pharynx
xref: FMA:55095 ! lumen of oropharynx
xref: EHDAA2:0004556 ! oropharyngeal cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001051
name: hypopharynx
def: "Bottom part of the pharynx, and is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus." [Wikipedia:Hypopharynx]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "laryngeal pharynx" EXACT [FMA:54877]
synonym: "laryngopharynx" EXACT [FMA:54877]
synonym: "pars laryngea pharyngis" RELATED [BTO:0001740]
xref: FMA:54880 ! Laryngopharynx
xref: GAID:338 ! hypopharynx
xref: VHOG:0000445 ! hypopharynx
xref: MA:0001796 ! hypopharynx
xref: ncithesaurus:Hypopharynx
xref: BTO:0001740 ! hypopharynx
xref: EFO:0001388 ! laryngopharynx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvq5O0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! laryngopharynx
xref: MESH:A03.867.490 ! hypopharynx
xref: EV:0100068 ! hypopharynx
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0013472 ! upper esophagus
xref: EHDAA2:0004574 ! laryngopharynx
xref: SCTID:281490009 ! Entire hypopharynx
synonym: "pars laryngea pharyngis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hypopharynx]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Illu_pharynx.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The inferior portion of the pharynx, between the epiglottis and the larynx. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000445", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypopharynx", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "hypopharyngeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0020629

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010384
name: lumen of laryngopharynx
synonym: "laryngopharynx lumen" EXACT  [FMA:55096]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001051 ! hypopharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001051 ! hypopharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001051 {source="FMA"} ! hypopharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001731 ! cavity of pharynx
xref: FMA:55096 ! Lumen of laryngopharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000006
name: islet of Langerhans
def: "Regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells." [Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans]
comment: A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986)[PMID:16417468]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "islets of langerhans" RELATED []
synonym: "pancreatic insula" EXACT []
synonym: "pancreatic islet" EXACT []
synonym: "island of Langerhans" RELATED [BTO:0000991]
synonym: "island of pancreas" RELATED [BTO:0000991]
xref: BTO:0000991
xref: EFO:0000856 ! islet of Langerhans
xref: FMA:16016 ! Pancreatic islet
xref: GAID:324 ! islets of langerhan
xref: VHOG:0000646 ! islet of Langerhans
xref: MA:0000127 ! pancreatic islet
xref: MAT:0000076 ! islet of Langerhans
xref: MIAA:0000076 ! islet of Langerhans
xref: XAO:0000159 ! Islets of Langerhans
xref: ncithesaurus:Islet_of_Langerhans ! Islet of Langerhans
xref: EMAPA:19246 ! islets of Langerhans of parenchyma of body of pancreas of gland of gut
xref: EMAPA:19247 ! islets of Langerhans of parenchyma of head of pancreas of gland of gut
xref: EMAPA:19248 ! islets of Langerhans of parenchyma of tail of pancreas of gland of gut
xref: EV:0100130 ! islets of Langerhans
xref: MESH:A03.734.414 ! islets of langerhan
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000016 ! endocrine pancreas
relationship: has_part CL:0002067 {source="PMID:16417468"} ! type A enterocrine cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000168 {source="PMID:16417468"} ! insulin secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000172 {source="PMID:16417468"} ! somatostatin secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000696 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:117570", source="PMID:16417468"} ! PP cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000696 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7778", source="PMID:16417468"} ! PP cell
xref: AAO:0010406 ! islet of Langerhans
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010406", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000646", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:7600975 Slack JMW\, Developmental biology of the pancreas. Development (1995)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0022131

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000007
name: pituitary gland
def: "The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands [GO]. An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin [ZFIN]." [Wikipedia:Pituitary_gland, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Taxon notes: The lamprey possesses a distinct pituitary organ and hormones, the ascidian does not show distinct evidence of them [Sower S, Freamat M, Kavanaugh S. The origins of the vertebrate hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) endocrine systems: new insights from lampreys. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009;161:20-9]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hypophysis" RELATED [ZFA:0000118]
synonym: "hypophysis cerebri" RELATED [MA:0000176]
synonym: "pituitary" EXACT [BTO:0001073]
synonym: "pituitary body" EXACT [BTO:0001073]
synonym: "glandula pituitaria" RELATED [BTO:0001073]
xref: EFO:0000857 ! pituitary
xref: EHDAA:2183 ! pituitary
xref: EHDAA:4477 ! pituitary
xref: FMA:13889 ! Pituitary gland
xref: GAID:457 ! pituitary gland
xref: MA:0000176 ! pituitary gland
xref: MAT:0000077 ! pituitary
xref: MIAA:0000077 ! pituitary
xref: ncithesaurus:Pituitary_Gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6NQYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000118 ! hypophysis
xref: XAO:0000017 ! hypophysis
xref: ZFA:0000118 ! hypophysis
xref: BTO:0001073 ! hypophysis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6NQYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pituitary gland
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1353 ! Hypophysis
xref: VHOG:0000143 ! hypophysis
xref: EHDAA2:0001471 ! pituitary
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray1180.png/200px-Gray1180.png
xref: EMAPA:16647 ! pituitary of gland of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16898 ! pituitary of gland of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: MESH:A06.407.747 ! pituitary gland
xref: EV:0100132 ! pituitary gland
xref: BM:Die-Hy-HY ! hypophysis
is_a: UBERON:0002368 {source="BTO"} ! endocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 {source="ZFA"} ! diencephalon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 {source="Wikipedia"} ! ectoderm
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002196 ! adenohypophysis
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002198 ! neurohypophysis
relationship: has_part CL:0000440 {source="ZFA"} ! melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000642 {source="ZFA"} ! folliculostellate cell
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="PMID:19084529"} ! Vertebrata
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007276 ! gamete generation
xref: AAO:0010536 ! pituitary gland
xref: SCTID:181125003 ! Entire pituitary gland
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "hypophysis, glandula pituitaria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pituitary_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray1180.png
property_value: external_definition "An endocrine gland derived from infundibulum of the floor of the diencephalon and an ectodermal dorsal protrusion from the buccal cavity which controls the secretion of many hormones influencing the function of various organs of the body.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010536", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000118", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000143", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0032005

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011216
name: organ system subdivision
def: "Anatomical structure, which consists of a specific set of the members of (predominantly) one organ or organ part subclass interconnected by zones of continuity or body substances; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same organ system by one or more zones of continuity or anatomical lines; together with other subdivisions of the same organ system, it constitutes an organ system. Examples: rib cage, facial skeleton, portal system, central nervous system, upper respiratory tract, muscle group of back." [FMA:67509]
subset: upper_level
is_a:  UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
xref: FMA:67509 ! organ system subdivision
xref: FBbt:00007330 ! organ system subdivision
xref: SCTID:91690000 ! Entire subdivision of organ system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000010
name: peripheral nervous system
def: "Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system" [FB:gg, OMD:peripheral+nervous+system, Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system, ZFIN:curator]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "PNS" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000429 ! peripheral_nervous_system
xref: BILA:0000081
xref: BTO:0001028
xref: EFO:0000891 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: EHDAA:2893 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: FBbt:00005098 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: FMA:9903 ! Peripheral nervous system
xref: GAID:715 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: VHOG:0000399 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: MA:0000218 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: MAT:0000338 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: MIAA:0000338 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1111 ! Peripheral nervous system
xref: TAO:0000142 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: XAO:0000178 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: ZFA:0000142 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nervous_System ! Peripheral Nervous System
xref: EHDAA2:0001445 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png/200px-Nervous_system_diagram.png
xref: EMAPA:16665 ! peripheral nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:18370 ! peripheral nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: MESH:A08.800 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: EV:0100335 ! peripheral nervous system
is_a: UBERON:0011216 {source="cjm"} ! organ system subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
xref: SCTID:362292005 ! Entire peripheral nervous system
synonym: "pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000429", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000142", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000399", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-46954-6_6 Dupin E\, Creuzet S\, Le Douarin NM\, The contribution of the neural crest to the vertebrate body. Advances in experimental medicine and biology (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0206417

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000011
name: parasympathetic nervous system
def: "The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is a division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), along with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). The ANS is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ANS sends fibers to three tissues: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glandular tissue. This stimulation, sympathetic or parasympathetic, is to control smooth muscle contraction, regulate cardiac muscle, or stimulate or inhibit glandular secretion [Wikipedia]. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia [GO]." [Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_nervous_system]
comment: Development notes: has developmental contribution from NC in verteberates (UBERONREF:0000002)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "parasympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system" EXACT []
synonym: "PNS - parasympathetic" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000894 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: EHDA:10096 ! parasympathetic
xref: FMA:9907 ! Parasympathetic nervous system
xref: GAID:708 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: VHOG:0000755 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: MA:0000223 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: MAT:0000101 ! PNS - parasympathetic
xref: MIAA:0000101 ! PNS - parasympathetic
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2517 ! Parasympathetic nervous system
xref: TAO:0001575 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: ZFA:0001575 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Parasympathetic_Nervous_System ! Parasympathetic Nervous System
xref: BTO:0001833 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray839.png/200px-Gray839.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001402 ! parasympathetic peripheral nervous system
xref: EMAPA:17270 ! parasympathetic
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.600 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: EHDAA:4655 ! parasympathetic
is_a: UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
synonym: "pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9907]
xref: AAO:0010488 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: SCTID:362496006 ! Entire parasympathetic nervous system
synonym: "pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_nervous_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of the autonomic nervous system which has opposing physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples include decreasing the heart rate or dilating the blood vessels.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010488", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "In mammals, the autonomic nervous system is divided into two contrasting, antagonistic systems of control over visceral activity: the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system (reference 1); In general, the teleosts may be considered phylogenetically the first class of vertebrates in which the heart is regulated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic neural pathways (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000755", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.634\, DOI:10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00057-2 Porges SW\, Love: an emergent property of the mammalian autonomic nervous system. Psychoneuroendocrinology (1998)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0030510

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000012
name: somatic nervous system
def: "The part of the peripheral nervous system consisting of efferent nerves responsible for stimulating muscle contraction, including all the neurons connected with skeletal muscles, skin, and sense organs[WP, modified]." [Wikipedia:Somatic_nervous_system]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "PNS - somatic" EXACT []
synonym: "somatic peripheral nervous system" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100301]
synonym: "somatic nervous system, somatic division" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100301]
xref: EFO:0000892 ! somatic nervous system
xref: EFO:0000898 ! somatic nervous system
xref: FMA:9904 ! Somatic nervous system
xref: MA:0002850 ! somatic nervous system
xref: MAT:0000099 ! PNS - somatic
xref: MAT:0000342 ! somatic nervous system
xref: MIAA:0000099 ! PNS - somatic
xref: MIAA:0000342 ! somatic nervous system
xref: WBbt:0005760 ! somatic nervous system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100301 ! Somatic peripheral nervous system
is_a: UBERON:0011216 {source="cjm"} ! organ system subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000013
name: sympathetic nervous system
def: "The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) is a branch of the autonomic nervous system along with the enteric nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. It is always active at a basal level (called sympathetic tone) and becomes more active during times of stress. Its actions during the stress response comprise the fight-or-flight response [Wikipedia]. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO]." [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_nervous_system]
comment: Development notes: has developmental contribution from NC in verteberates (UBERONREF:0000002)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "sympathetic nervous system" EXACT []
synonym: "sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000893 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: FMA:9906 ! Sympathetic nervous system
xref: GAID:710 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: VHOG:0000384 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: MA:0000225 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: MIAA:0000100 ! PNS - sympathetic
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2516 ! Sympathetic nervous system
xref: TAO:0001576 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: ZFA:0001576 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Sympathetic_Nervous_System ! Sympathetic Nervous System
xref: BTO:0001832 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001971 ! sympathetic peripheral nervous system
xref: EMAPA:16985 ! sympathetic
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.800 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: EHDAA:3769 ! sympathetic
is_a: UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
synonym: "pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9906]
xref: AAO:0010487 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: SCTID:362484004 ! Entire sympathetic nervous system
synonym: "pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_nervous_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of the autonomic nervous system which has opposing physiological effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Examples include increasing the heart rate or constricting the blood vessels.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010487", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The part of the autonomic nervous system which chiefly contains adrenergic fibres and tends to control and reduce secretions, decrease the contractility and hence the tone of smooth muscles and provoke the contraction of blood vessels. Essentially, it consists of preganglionic fibres from the thoracic and upper lumbar parts of the spinal cord. These fibres, by means of delicate rami communicantes, cross over to ganglia sited in a pair of ganglionated cords on each side of the vertebral column or to more peripheral ganglia. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000384", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The autonomic nervous system is composed of three divisions: the sympathetic division, the parasympathetic division, and the enteric division. (...) In ray-finned teleost fishes, a sympathetic chain is present, and dual innervation of additional organs can be observed. A similar pattern can be found in amphibians (...). The evolution of the autonomic nervous system has been quite conservative, especially in the tetrapod lineage.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000384", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.461-463", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0039044

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000015
name: anatomical boundary
def: "Structural anatomical relation which holds between each anatomical entity of one to three dimensions and some immaterial anatomical entity of one lower dimension such that the latter demarcates (delimits) the former from its neighborhood." [FMA:256502]
synonym: "anatomical boundary entity" EXACT [FMA:50705]
subset: upper_level
xref: FMA:50705 ! Anatomical boundary entity
xref: AEO:0000192 ! anatomical boundary
is_a: UBERON:0000466 ! immaterial anatomical entity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
name: anatomical junction
def: "Anatomical structure in which parts of two or more anatomical structures establish physical continuity with one another or intermingle their component parts. Examples: gastroesophageal junction, line alba, knee joint.[FMA]" [FMA:5898]
subset: upper_level
xref: FMA:5898 ! anatomical junction
xref: SCTID:91833003 ! Anatomical junction
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006800
name: anatomical line
def: "Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: HAO:0000008 ! anatomical line
xref: ZFA:0001689 ! anatomical line
xref: EHDAA2:0003008 ! anatomical line
xref: AEO:0000008 ! anatomical line
xref: BILA:0000008 ! anatomical line
xref: CARO:0000008 ! anatomical line
xref: TGMA:0001828 ! anatomical line
xref: FMA:9657 ! Anatomical line
is_a: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
xref: AAO:0010267 ! anatomical line
xref: XAO:0004003 ! anatomical line
xref: TAO:0001837 ! anatomical line
property_value: external_definition "Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, whiVSAO forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.[CARO]" xsd:string {ontology="CARO", external_class="CARO:0000008", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="CARO:MAH", source="FMA:9657"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000016
name: endocrine pancreas
def: "The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin[GO]." [GOC:GO, Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans]
comment: Editor notes - endocrine and exocrine pancrease are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys [PMID:20959416] - create a separate class for these?
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "islets of Langerhans part of pancreas" RELATED []
synonym: "endocrine pancreas" EXACT []
synonym: "pars endocrina pancreatis" EXACT []
synonym: "endocrine part of pancreas" RELATED [BTO:0000650]
xref: BTO:0000650
xref: FMA:16018 ! Endocrine pancreas
xref: VHOG:0000049 ! endocrine pancreas
xref: MA:0001582 ! endocrine pancreas
xref: TAO:0001260 ! endocrine pancreas
xref: ZFA:0001260 ! endocrine pancreas
xref: ncithesaurus:Endocrine_Pancreas ! Endocrine Pancreas
xref: EV:0100129 ! endocrine pancreas
is_a: UBERON:0002075 ! viscus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003923 ! dorsal pancreatic bud
relationship: capable_of GO:0030073 {source="GO"} ! insulin secretion
relationship: capable_of GO:0070091 {source="GO"} ! glucagon secretion
relationship: capable_of GO:0070253 {source="GO"} ! somatostatin secretion
xref: SCTID:361339003 ! Entire endocrine pancreas
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas.  The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001260", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000049", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pancreas", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000049", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD\, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000017
name: exocrine pancreas
def: "The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion." [GOC:GO, Wikipedia:Exocrine_component_of_pancreas]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "exocrine pancreas" EXACT []
synonym: "pars exocrina pancreatis" EXACT []
synonym: "exocrine part of pancreas" RELATED [BTO:0000434]
xref: BTO:0000434
xref: FMA:16017 ! Exocrine pancreas
xref: VHOG:0000048 ! exocrine pancreas
xref: MA:0002415 ! exocrine pancreas
xref: TAO:0001249 ! exocrine pancreas
xref: XAO:0000137 ! exocrine pancreas
xref: ZFA:0001249 ! exocrine pancreas
xref: ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Pancreas ! Exocrine Pancreas
xref: EV:0100093 ! exocrine pancreas
is_a: UBERON:0002075 ! viscus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003924 ! ventral pancreatic bud
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007586 ! digestion
xref: AAO:0010407 ! exocrine pancreas
xref: SCTID:248202004 ! Entire exocrine pancreas
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001249", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000048", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pancreas", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000048", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD\, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0553695

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003921
name: pancreas primordium
def: "embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas#Embryological_development]
comment: AO notes: in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds. Terminology notes: revisit after standardizing terms 'primordium', 'anlagen', 'bud'
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pancreatic anlage" RELATED []
synonym: "pancreatic primordium" EXACT []
synonym: "primordial pancreas" RELATED [FMA:79792]
synonym: "pancreatic endoderm" RELATED [EFO:0002579]
xref: ZFA:0000254 ! pancreas primordium
xref: EHDAA:2163 ! pancreas primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0001382 ! pancreas primordium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gray982.png/200px-Gray982.png
xref: EMAPA:17066 ! pancreas primordium
xref: XAO:0001101 ! first pancreatic bud
xref: EFO:0003434 ! pancreas primordium
xref: FMA:79792 ! primordial pancreas
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="EHDAA2"} ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000925 {source="Wikipedia"} ! endoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007026 ! primitive gut
xref: TAO:0000254 ! pancreas primordium
xref: EFO:0002579 ! pancreatic endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009752
name: pancreas mesenchyme
def: "the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas" [MP:0011265]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas
xref: EFO:0002557 ! pancreatic mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010375
name: pancreas dorsal primordium
comment: Consider merging with dorsal pancreatic bud. Starts at CS12 in human (EHDAA2, embryology.ch 'bud anlagen')
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="EHDAA2"} ! exocrine gland
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="EHDAA2"} ! primordium
synonym: "dorsal pancreas" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:79793]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003921 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0001384 ! pancreas dorsal primordium
xref: FMA:79793 ! dorsal pancreas

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010376
name: pancreas ventral primordium
comment: Starts at CS14 in human (EHDAA2) or CS13-14 (embryology.ch 'bud anlagen')
synonym: "ventral pancreas" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:79794]
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="EHDAA2"} ! exocrine gland
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="EHDAA2"} ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003921 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0001387 ! pancreas ventral primordium
xref: FMA:79794 ! ventral pancreas

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003922 ! pancreatic bud
name: pancreatic bud
def: "The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. In humans, an embryonic structure that is an outgrowth of the duodenum during embryogenesis - joins together to form the adult pancreas[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud, PMID:16417468]
synonym: "pancreatic anlage" RELATED []
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Suckale08FBS_fig1_pancreas_development.jpeg/300px-Suckale08FBS_fig1_pancreas_development.jpeg
xref: ZFA:0001390 ! pancreatic bud
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Bud ! Pancreatic Bud
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gray982.png/200px-Gray982.png
xref: EFO:0003470 ! pancreatic bud
xref: SCTID:360398004 ! Pancreatic bud
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003921 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009497 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! epithelium of foregut-midgut junction
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001041 {source="Wikipedia:Pancreas#Embryological_development"} ! foregut
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002114 {exception="zebrafish", source="Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud"} ! duodenum
xref: TAO:0001390 ! pancreatic bud
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray982.png
synonym: "pancreatic buds" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001390]
xref: UMLS:C1283285

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003923 ! dorsal pancreatic bud
name: dorsal pancreatic bud
def: "pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct." [Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal pancreas anlage" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal pancreatic anlage" RELATED []
synonym: "posterior pancreatic anlage" RELATED []
synonym: "posterior pancreatic bud" RELATED []
synonym: "pancreas primordium dorsal bud" EXACT []
synonym: "pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001385]
xref: ZFA:0001370 ! posterior pancreatic bud
xref: XAO:0000467 ! dorsal pancreatic bud 
xref: VHOG:0001428 ! dorsal pancreatic bud
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gray982.png/200px-Gray982.png
xref: EFO:0003465 ! posterior pancreatic bud
is_a: UBERON:0003922 ! pancreatic bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 {source="XAO"} ! midgut
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0002328 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:10088", source="PMID:16417468"} ! notochord
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0005805 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:10088", source="PMID:16417468"} ! dorsal aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010375 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas dorsal primordium
xref: AAO:0011031 ! dorsal pancreatic bud
xref: SCTID:361435005 ! Dorsal pancreatic bud
xref: EHDAA2:0001385 ! pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud
xref: EMAPA:17067 ! dorsal bud
xref: TAO:0001370 ! posterior pancreatic bud
property_value: external_definition "The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011031", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001428", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00308-7 Field HA\, Dong PD\, Beis D\, Stainier DY\, Formation of the digestive system in zebrafish. II. Pancreas morphogenesis. Developmental Biology (2003)\, DOI:10.2337/diabetes.49.2.225 Polak M\, Bouchareb-Banaei L\, Scharfmann R\, Czernichow P\, Early pattern of differentiation in the human pancreas. Diabetes (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003924
name: ventral pancreatic bud
def: "pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct." [Wikipedia:Pancreatic_bud]
comment: Development notes: the ventral pancreas and liver are derived from a common precursor cell population[PMID:16417468]. TODO - add this relationship. // The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ventral pancreas anlage" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral pancreatic anlage" RELATED []
synonym: "anterior pancreatic anlage" RELATED []
synonym: "anterior pancreatic bud" RELATED []
synonym: "pancreas primordium ventral bud" EXACT []
synonym: "pancreas ventral primordium duct bud" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001389]
xref: ZFA:0001369 ! anterior pancreatic bud
xref: XAO:0001103 ! ventral pancreatic bud
xref: VHOG:0001429 ! ventral pancreatic bud
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gray982.png/200px-Gray982.png
xref: EFO:0003464 ! anterior pancreatic bud
xref: AAO:0011111 ! ventral pancreatic bud
xref: SCTID:361437002 ! Ventral pancreatic bud
is_a: UBERON:0003922 ! pancreatic bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010376 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas ventral primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008835 {source="WP", source="PMID:16417468"} ! hepatic diverticulum
xref: EHDAA2:0001389 ! pancreas ventral primordium duct bud
xref: EMAPA:17256 ! ventral bud
xref: TAO:0001369 ! anterior pancreatic bud
property_value: homology_notes "In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001429", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00308-7 Field HA\, Dong PD\, Beis D\, Stainier DY\, Formation of the digestive system in zebrafish. II. Pancreas morphogenesis. Developmental Biology (2003)\, DOI:10.2337/diabetes.49.2.225 Polak M\, Bouchareb-Banaei L\, Scharfmann R\, Czernichow P\, Early pattern of differentiation in the human pancreas. Diabetes (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009708
name: dorsal pancreas
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="EHDAA2"} ! exocrine gland
synonym: "pancreatis dorsalis" RELATED []
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010375 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas dorsal primordium
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003923 {source="cjm"} ! dorsal pancreatic bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001264 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas
xref: EHDAA2:0001371 ! dorsal pancreas
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009709
name: ventral pancreas
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="EHDAA2"} ! exocrine gland
synonym: "pancreatis ventralis" RELATED []
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010376 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas ventral primordium
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003924 {source="cjm"} ! ventral pancreatic bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001264 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pancreas
xref: EHDAA2:0001393 ! ventral pancreas
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001263
name: pancreatic acinus
def: "the secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct." [MP:0009145]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "acinus pancreaticus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:16011]
synonym: "pancreas acinus" EXACT []
synonym: "pancreatic acini" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "pancreatic acinar" RELATED [TEMP:MP]
xref: FMA:16011 ! Pancreatic acinus
xref: MA:0002417 ! pancreatic acinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Acinus ! Pancreatic Acinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000017  ! exocrine pancreas
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007324 {source="FMA"} ! pancreatic lobe
xref: SCTID:247604006 ! Entire pancreatic acinus
xref: UMLS:C0227578

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001264
name: pancreas
def: "An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]. The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1–2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans[PMID]." [Wikipedia:Pancreas, PMID:16417468, GO:0031016]
comment: taxon notes: As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) [PMID:20959416]. The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract (Figures 16 and 17 ). The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
xref: BTO:0000988
xref: EFO:0000855 ! pancreas
xref: EHDAA:6893 ! pancreas
xref: FMA:7198 ! Pancreas
xref: GAID:334 ! pancreas
xref: VHOG:0000050 ! pancreas
xref: MA:0000120 ! pancreas
xref: MAT:0000075 ! pancreas
xref: MIAA:0000075 ! pancreas
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreas
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000140 ! pancreas
xref: XAO:0000136 ! pancreas
xref: ZFA:0000140 ! pancreas
xref: galen:Pancreas ! pancreas
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pancreas
xref: EHDAA2:0001367 ! pancreas
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Illu_pancrease.svg/200px-Illu_pancrease.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17503 ! pancreas of gland of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:18816 ! pancreas of gland of gut
xref: MESH:A03.734 ! pancrea
xref: EV:0100092 ! pancreas
is_a: UBERON:0002075 ! viscus
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003922 ! pancreatic bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003923 {source="Wikipedia"} ! dorsal pancreatic bud
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003924 {source="Wikipedia"} ! ventral pancreatic bud
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="PMID:16417468"} ! Vertebrata
xref: AAO:0010112 ! pancreas
xref: SCTID:181277001 ! Entire pancreas
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Illu_pancrease.svg
property_value: external_definition "Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010112", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000050", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD\, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pancreatic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0030274

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007329 ! pancreatic duct
name: pancreatic duct
def: "A duct that is part of the pancreas and connected to the duodenum." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct]
comment: note that this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts. AO notes: in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pancreas duct" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "duct of pancreas" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: MA:0000124 ! pancreatic duct
xref: FMA:10419 ! Pancreatic duct
xref: EHDAA:9194 ! pancreatic duct
xref: TAO:0001372 ! pancreatic duct
xref: ZFA:0001372 ! pancreatic duct
is_a: UBERON:0003928 {source="ZFA"} ! digestive system duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000017 {source="MA"} ! exocrine pancreas
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003922 ! pancreatic bud
xref: SCTID:181278006 ! Entire pancreatic duct
synonym: "ductus pancreaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png
xref: VHOG:0000254 ! pancreatic duct
property_value: external_definition "Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000254", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000254", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS\, Lorent K\, Pack M\, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009970
name: epithelium of pancreatic duct
comment: Editor note: in EHDAA2, the embryonic pancreatic ducts (dorsal, ventral) are classified as eithelial sacs, which would render them subclasses this
synonym: "pancreatic duct epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:67681]
synonym: "pancreatic ductal epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:67681]
xref: FMA:67681 ! epithelium of pancreatic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007329 ! pancreatic duct
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 {source="FMA-inferred"} ! ectoderm
xref: EFO:0002556 ! pancreatic duct epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001064
name: ventral pancreatic duct
alt_id: UBERON:0005627
def: "a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla." [Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct]
comment: Development notes: Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct.[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ductus pancreatis ventralis" RELATED []
synonym: "duct of Wirsung" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct]
synonym: "canal of Wirsung" RELATED [BTO:0002362]
synonym: "hepaticopancreatic duct" RELATED [BTO:0002362]
synonym: "main pancreatic duct" EXACT [MA:0000126]
synonym: "chief pancreatic duct" EXACT [FMA:16003]
synonym: "pancreatic duct" BROAD [MESH:A03.734.667]
xref: FMA:16003 ! main pancreatic duct
xref: EHDAA2:0001396 ! ventral pancreas duct
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 ! ventral pancreatic duct
xref: EHDAA:6905 ! ventral pancreatic duc
xref: GAID:337 ! pancreatic duct
xref: MA:0000126 ! ventral pancreatic duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Duct
xref: BTO:0002362 ! pancreatic duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1100.png/200px-Gray1100.png
xref: MESH:A03.734.667 ! pancreatic duct
xref: VHOG:0000256 ! ventral pancreatic duct
xref: EMAPA:18821 ! ventral pancreatic duct of head of pancreas of gland of gut
is_a: UBERON:0007329 {source="FMA"} ! pancreatic duct
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003924 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ventral pancreatic bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000017 ! exocrine pancreas
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001174 ! common bile duct
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001970 ! bile
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0004913 ! hepatopancreatic ampulla
xref: SCTID:245385001 ! Entire duct of Wirsung
property_value: homology_notes "These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000256", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS\, Lorent K\, Pack M\, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0030288

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005429
name: dorsal pancreatic duct
alt_id: UBERON:0005603
def: "Most people have just one pancreatic duct. However, some have an additional accessory pancreatic duct also called the Duct of Santorini, which connects straight to the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla. Both these ducts connect to the second part (the vertical one) of the duodenum. However, the Duct of Santorini, which bypasses the Ampulla of Vater, is non-functional whereas the Duct of Wirsung is functional and carries the digestive enzymes released by the pancreas. It is named for Giovanni Domenico Santorini." [Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct]
synonym: "ductus pancreatis dorsalis" RELATED []
synonym: "accessory pancreatic duct of santorini" RELATED [Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct]
synonym: "duct of Santorini" EXACT [Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct, FMA:14534]
synonym: "pancreatic duct of santorini" RELATED [Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct]
synonym: "Santorini's duct" EXACT [FMA:14534]
synonym: "accessory pancreatic duct" EXACT [MA:0000125]
xref: FMA:14534 ! Accessory pancreatic duct
xref: EHDAA2:0001372 ! dorsal pancreas duct
xref: EHDAA:9188 ! accessory pancreatic duct
xref: MA:0000125 ! dorsal pancreatic duct
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000417 ! dorsal pancreatic duct
xref: EMAPA:17505 ! dorsal pancreatic duct of body of pancreas of gland of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:17512 ! dorsal pancreatic duct of tail of pancreas of gland of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:18818 ! dorsal pancreatic duct of body of pancreas of gland of gut
xref: EMAPA:18825 ! dorsal pancreatic duct of tail of pancreas of gland of gut
xref: EHDAA:3013 ! dorsal pancreatic duct
xref: VHOG:0000255 ! dorsal pancreatic duct
is_a: UBERON:0007329 {source="FMA"} ! pancreatic duct
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003923 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dorsal pancreatic bud
xref: SCTID:245386000 ! Entire accessory pancreatic duct
synonym: "ductus pancreaticus accessorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png
property_value: homology_notes "These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000255", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS\, Lorent K\, Pack M\, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001069
name: head of pancreas
def: "The head of pancreas is a portion of the pancreas that is lodged within the curve of the duodenum, and is flattened anteriorly (from before). The other parts of the pancreas are the body and the tail. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum and its lower overlaps the horizontal part; its right and left borders overlap in front, and insinuate themselves behind, the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum respectively. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Head_of_pancreas]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pancreas head" EXACT []
synonym: "pancreatic head" EXACT []
synonym: "right extremity of pancreas" EXACT []
xref: FMA:10468 ! Head of pancreas
xref: VHOG:0000448 ! pancreas head
xref: MA:0000122 ! pancreas head
xref: EHDAA2:0001374 ! pancreas head
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg/200px-Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17507 ! head of pancreas of gland of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:18820 ! head of pancreas of gland of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003924 {source="WP", source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! ventral pancreatic bud
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Pancreas ! Head of the Pancreas
xref: SCTID:362201006 ! Entire head of pancreas
synonym: "caput pancreatis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Head_of_pancreas]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000448", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD\, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. Comptes Rendus Biologies (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0227579

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010373 ! uncinate process of pancreas
name: uncinate process of pancreas
def: "In the head of the pancreas, the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders forms a prolongation, termed the uncinate process. During the embryonic development of the distal foregut, the duodenum c-shape is formed while rotating the ventral pancreatic bud into the dorsal bud. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fuse. The dorsal pancreatic bud becomes the body, tail, and isthmus of the pancreas and the ventral pancreatic bud forms the pancreatic head and uncinate process[WP]" [Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_pancreas]
synonym: "lesser pancreas" EXACT  [FMA:15857]
synonym: "processus uncinatus (pancreas)" EXACT  [FMA:15857]
synonym: "Winslow's pancreas" EXACT  [FMA:15857]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001069 {source="FMA"} ! head of pancreas
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003924 {source="Wikipedia"} ! ventral pancreatic bud
xref: FMA:15857 ! uncinate process of pancreas
xref: SCTID:245383008 ! Entire uncinate process of pancreas
xref: EMAPA:18823 ! uncinate process of head of pancreas of gland of gut
xref: ncithesaurus:Uncinate_Pancreas ! uncinate process of pancreas
synonym: "processus uncinatus pancreatis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_pancreas]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0227580

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005604
name: hepatic duct extrahepatic part
xref: MA:0001636 ! hepatic duct extrahepatic part
xref: EHDAA2:0000742 ! hepatic duct extrahepatic part
xref: EMAPA:16844 ! extrahepatic part of hepatic duct of liver and biliary system
xref: VHOG:0000215 ! extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct
xref: EHDAA:3051 ! extrahepatic part of hepatic duct
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005171 ! hepatic duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003703 ! extrahepatic bile duct
synonym: "extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct" EXACT [VHOG:0000215]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005605
name: hepatic duct intrahepatic part
xref: MA:0001637 ! hepatic duct intrahepatic part
xref: EHDAA2:0000743 ! hepatic duct intrahepatic part
xref: EMAPA:16845 ! intrahepatic part of hepatic duct of liver and biliary system
xref: VHOG:0000216 ! intrahepatic part of the hepatic duct
xref: EHDAA:3053 ! intrahepatic part of hepatic duct
is_a: UBERON:0007501 {source="EHDAA2"} ! arborizing epithelial duct system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005171 ! hepatic duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003704 ! intrahepatic bile duct
synonym: "intrahepatic part of the hepatic duct" EXACT [VHOG:0000216]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000020
name: sense organ
def: "An organ that is capable of detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sensillum" NARROW [WBbt:0006929]
synonym: "sensor" RELATED []
synonym: "sensory organ" EXACT []
synonym: "organ of sense organ system" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "organ of sensory organ system" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "organ of sensory system" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "sense organ system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sensory organ system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sensory system organ" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "Sinnesorgan" RELATED [BTO:0000202]
xref: BTO:0000202
xref: EHDAA:500 ! sensory organ
xref: FBbt:00005155 ! sense organ
xref: GAID:63 ! sense organ
xref: HAO:0000930 ! sense organ
xref: VHOG:0001407 ! sensory organ
xref: WBbt:0006929 ! sensillum
xref: MA:0000017 ! sensory organ
xref: EHDAA2:0001824 ! sensory organ
xref: AEO:0000094 ! sense organ
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray722.png/200px-Gray722.png
xref: EMAPA:16192 ! sensory organ
xref: MESH:A09 ! sense organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0050911 ! detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001032 ! sense organ system
xref: SCTID:244485009 ! Entire sensory organ
xref: ncithesaurus:Organ_of_the_Special_Sense ! organ of special sense
xref: UMLS:C0935626

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004090
name: periorbital region
def: "." [HP:0000606]
comment: AO notes: does not contain any subparts in FMA. In HP covers eyelid, eyebrow, soft tissue
synonym: "periorbital area" EXACT [MA:0002875]
synonym: "periorbita" EXACT [FMA:59351]
xref: MA:0002875 ! periorbital area
xref: FMA:59351 ! Periorbita
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0004867 ! orbital cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002515 ! periosteum
xref: SCTID:362646004 ! Entire periorbital region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004088 ! ocular region
name: ocular region
def: "." [HP:0000284]
comment: TODO: consider the following: eyeball (eye proper) part_of eye (= eyeball+eyelid etc) part_of ocular region (= eye + adnexa such as eyebrow); note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature // in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow.
synonym: "content of orbital part of eye" EXACT  [FMA:260119]
synonym: "eye region" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "orbital content" RELATED [FMA:260119]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
xref: FMA:260119 ! orbital content

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000970
name: eye
def: "An organ that detects light." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye, UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Eye]
comment: Usage notes: This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each). Structure notes: Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: functional_classification
subset: major_organ
synonym: "light-detecting organ" RELATED []
synonym: "photoreceptor" BROAD []
synonym: "visual apparatus" RELATED [EV:0100336]
xref: BILA:0000017
xref: BTO:0000439
xref: EFO:0000827 ! eye
xref: GAID:69 ! eye
xref: MAT:0000140 ! eye
xref: MIAA:0000140 ! eye
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! eye
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.420 ! eye
xref: EV:0100336 ! visual apparatus
xref: FBbt:00005162 ! photoreceptor
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002104 ! visual system
relationship: capable_of GO:0009584 ! detection of visible light
subset: organ_slim
property_value: has_relational_adjective "optic" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000971
name: ommatidium
def: "One of the small facets of the compound eye." [ISBN:3110148986, Wikipedia:Ommatidium]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "omatidium" EXACT []
xref: FBbt:00004510 ! ommatidium
xref: HAO:0000666 ! ommatidium
xref: MAT:0000143 ! omatidium
xref: MIAA:0000143 ! omatidium
xref: BTO:0001922 ! ommatidium
is_a: UBERON:0002536 ! arthropod sensillum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000018 ! compound eye
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ommatidial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000018
name: compound eye
def: "A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia" [FB:gg, Wikipedia:Compound_eye]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adult compound eye" RELATED []
synonym: "insect eye" RELATED []
synonym: "Facettenauge" RELATED [BTO:0001921]
synonym: "Komplexauge" RELATED [BTO:0001921]
synonym: "zusammengesetztes Auge" RELATED [BTO:0001921]
xref: FBbt:00004508 ! eye
xref: HAO:0000217 ! compound eye
xref: BTO:0001921 ! compound eye
xref: TGMA:0000024 ! adult compound eye
is_a: UBERON:0000970 ! eye
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000971 ! ommatidium
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010312 ! immature eye
name: immature eye
def: "Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures." [ZFA:0001678]
synonym: "future eye" EXACT []
xref: TAO:0002201 ! immature eye
intersection_of: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003071 ! eye primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003071 {evidence="definitional"} ! eye primordium
xref: ZFA:0001678 ! immature eye
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002201", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000019
name: camera-type eye
def: "The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field[GO]. The eye contains the following parts (when they are present in the organism): the eyeball (eye proper), the lacrimal apparatus, the conjuctival, the eyelid." [GO:0043010, UBERON:cjm]
comment: AO notes: FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ). MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "orbital part of face" EXACT  [FMA:54448]
synonym: "orbital region" RELATED  [FMA:54448]
synonym: "regio orbitalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54448]
synonym: "vertebrate eye" NARROW []
synonym: "camera-type eye plus associated structures" RELATED []
synonym: "eye" BROAD [FMA:54448]
xref: ncithesaurus:Eye
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1169 ! Eye
xref: FMA:54448 ! Eye
xref: EMAPA:16198 ! eye
xref: AAO:0010340 ! eye
xref: SCTID:181143004 ! Entire orbital region
xref: VHOG:0000275 ! eye
xref: EHDAA:936 ! eye
xref: EHDAA2:0000484 ! eye
xref: MA:0000261 ! eye
xref: TAO:0000107 ! eye
xref: XAO:0000179 ! eye
xref: AAO:0010340 ! eye
xref: ZFA:0000107 ! eye
xref: BTO:0004688 ! regio orbitalis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebrate eye
is_a: UBERON:0000047 ! simple eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004088 ! ocular region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003072 {evidence="definitional"} ! optic cup
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
property_value: external_definition "A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000107", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "eyes" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000107]
property_value: homology_notes "The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000275", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: UMLS:C0015392

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010230
name: eyeball of camera-type eye
def: "The camera-type eye apart from its appendages/adnexa." [Wikipedia:Globe_(human_eye)]
comment: See notes for camera-type eye
synonym: "eye" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "bulbus oculi" EXACT []
synonym: "eyeball" EXACT [FMA:12513]
synonym: "globe" RELATED  [MIAA:0000283, HP:0100886]
synonym: "eye globe" EXACT [VHOG:0001616]
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="FMA"} ! camera-type eye
xref: FMA:12513 ! eyeball
xref: MIAA:0000283 ! eyeball
xref: SCTID:244486005 ! Entire eye
xref: VHOG:0001616 ! eye globe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000021
name: cutaneous appendage
def: "Appendage that protrudes from the skin." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Examples: hair, nail (FMA); feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, scale(?), antler, bristle. Editors note: Mammary glands develop by similar mechanisms, and there is an argument for including them here (e.g. PMID:20484386), but these structures do not fit the current definition (lactiferous glands are part of the integumentary system in FMA). Note the FMA class is a subdivision of epidermis, which may be too restrictive for our purposes here. TODO: revise after definition of appendage is finalized in CARO2; in addition, verify subtypes w.r.t definition - e.g. beaks may overlap with skin of body rather than being part of it - rhamphotheca may be more appropriate
synonym: "skin appendage" EXACT [FMA:71012]
synonym: "epidermal appendage" NARROW []
synonym: "epidermal growth" RELATED []
subset: uberon_slim
is_a: UBERON:0000026 {notes="subject to revision"} ! appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
xref: FMA:71012 ! skin appendage
xref: SCTID:276160000 ! Entire skin appendage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000022
name: feather
def: "one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. The β-keratins in feathers, beaks and claws — and the claws, scales and shells of reptiles — are composed of protein strands hydrogen-bonded into β-pleated sheets, which are then further twisted and crosslinked by disulfide bridges into structures even tougher than the α-keratins of mammalian hair, horns and hoof. The exact signals that induce the growth of feathers on the skin are not known but it has been found that the transcription factor cDermo-1 induces the growth of feathers on skin and scales on the leg." [Wikipedia:Feather]
comment: Taxon notes: They are among the characteristics that distinguish the extant Aves from other living groups. Feathers have also been noticed in those Theropoda which have been termed feathered dinosaurs. Although feathers cover most parts of the body of birds, they arise only from certain well-defined tracts on the skin. They aid in flight, thermal insulation, waterproofing and coloration that helps in communication and protection. Structure notes: The β-keratins in feathers, beaks and claws — and the claws, scales and shells of reptiles — are composed of protein strands hydrogen-bonded into β-pleated sheets, which are then further twisted and crosslinked by disulfide bridges into structures even tougher than the α-keratins of mammalian hair, horns and hoof.
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000447
xref: GAID:1214 ! feather
xref: MAT:0000156 ! feather
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjW-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0000955 ! feather
xref: MESH:A13.370 ! feather
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Parts_of_feather_modified.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000021 ! cutaneous appendage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:436491 ! Theropoda
xref: SCTID:410027006 ! Entire feather
property_value: seeAlso "http://xkcd.com/1104/" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008286
name: feather calamus
def: "The hollow basal portion of a feather below the vane[BTO]. At the base of the feather, the rachis expands to form the hollow tubular calamus (or quill) which inserts into a follicle in the skin. The basal part of the calamus is without vanes. This part is embedded within the skin follicle and has an opening at the base (proximal umbilicus) and a small opening on the side (distal umbilicus)[WP]." [BTO:0001608]
synonym: "feather quill" RELATED  [BTO:0001608]
synonym: "quill" RELATED  []
synonym: "calamus" BROAD  []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000022 ! feather
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0011783 ! feather follicle placode
xref: BTO:0001608 ! feather calamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008287 ! feather vane
name: feather vane
def: "Collection of feather barbs that branch from rachis" []
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008292 ! vaned feather
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0008288 ! feather rachis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008288
name: feather rachis
def: "A central shaft of feather, with two vanes either side." []
synonym: "feather shaft" RELATED []
synonym: "main shaft of feather" RELATED []
synonym: "rachis" BROAD []
synonym: "rachis of feather" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011784 ! feather shaft
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011784 ! feather shaft

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011784
name: feather shaft
synonym: "feather shaft" EXACT []
synonym: "shaft of feather" EXACT []
synonym: "stem of feather" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:66810005 ! Feather shaft
is_a: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000022 ! feather

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008290
name: afterfeather
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000022 ! feather

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008291
name: down feather
def: "A feather lacking a vane and having a rudimentary rachis and a tuft of non-interlocked barbs with elongated barbules extending from the calamus" [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm, Wikipedia:Down_feather]
comment: lacks vane
synonym: "downy feather" EXACT [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "plumulaceous feather" EXACT [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "plumaceous feather" EXACT [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0000022 ! feather
relationship: has_function_in GO:0001659 ! temperature homeostasis
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008292 ! vaned feather

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008292 ! vaned feather
name: vaned feather
intersection_of: UBERON:0000022 ! feather
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0008287 ! feather vane
def: "A feather that has_part a feather vane." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008293
name: filoplume feather
def: "A hairlike feather that grows alongside the down feathers." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoplume#Classification]
comment: Taxon notes:  In some passerines, filoplumes arise exposed beyond the contour feathers on the neck
synonym: "filoplume" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000022 ! feather

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008297 ! pennaceous feather
name: pennaceous feather
synonym: "pennaceous" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pennaceous_feather]
synonym: "contour feather" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pennaceous_feather]
def: "Pennaceous feathers are also known as contour feathers. This type of feather is present in most modern birds, and has been shown in some species of maniraptoran dinosaurs. Pennaceous feathers have a central shaft (or rachis) with vanes spreading to either side. These vanes are composed of a high number of flattened barbs, that are connected to one another with barbules. The barbules are tiny strands that criss-cross on the flattened side s of the barbs. This forms a kind of miniature velcro-like mesh that holds all the barbs together, stabilizing the vanes. Flight feathers (remiges and rectrices) are specialized types of pennaceous feathers, adapted for high loadings and often strongly asymmetric for improved flight performance[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pennaceous_feather]
is_a: UBERON:0008292 ! vaned feather

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011793 ! flight feather
name: flight feather
def: "." [Wikipedia:Flight_feather]
synonym: "contour feather" RELATED [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0008297 ! pennaceous feather
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060361 ! flight

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011794
name: rectrix feather
def: "A flight feather that lies along a single horizontal row on the rear margin of the anatomical tail. Only the central pair are attached (via ligaments) to the tail bones; the remaining rectrices are embedded into the rectricial bulbs, complex structures of fat and muscle that surround those bones. Rectrices are always paired, with a vast majority of species having six pairs. They are absent in grebes and some ratites, and greatly reduced in size in penguins" [Wikipedia:Flight_feather#Rectrices]
synonym: "retrix feather" EXACT []
synonym: "retrix" EXACT []
synonym: "rectrix" EXACT []
synonym: "rectrices" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "retrices" EXACT PLURAL []
intersection_of: UBERON:0011793 ! flight feather
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002415 ! tail

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011795 ! remex feather
name: remex feather
def: "A flight feather located on the posterior side of the wing" [Wikipedia:Flight_feather#Remiges]
synonym: "remiges" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "remex" BROAD []
intersection_of: UBERON:0011793 ! flight feather
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000024 ! forelimb wing

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011796
name: primary remex feather
def: "A remex feather that is connected to the manus" [Wikipedia:Flight_feather#Primaries]
comment: these are the longest and narrowest of the remiges (particularly those attached to the phalanges), and they can be individually rotated. These feathers are especially important for flapping flight, as they are the principal source of thrust, moving the bird forward through the air. Most thrust is generated on the downstroke of flapping flight. However, on the upstroke (when the bird often draws its wing in close to its body), the primaries are separated and rotated, reducing air resistance while still helping to provide some thrust
synonym: "primary remiges" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "primary remex" EXACT []
synonym: "primary flight feather" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0011795 ! remex feather
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0002398 ! manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011797
name: secondary remex feather
def: "A remex feather that is connected to the ulna " [Wikipedia:Flight_feather#Secondaries]
comment: In some species, the ligaments that bind these remiges to the bone connect to small, rounded projections, known as quill knobs, on the ulna; in other species, no such knobs exist. Secondary feathers remain close together in flight (they cannot be individually separated like the primaries can) and help to provide lift by creating the airfoil shape of the bird's wing. Secondaries tend to be shorter and broader than primaries, with blunter ends
synonym: "secondary remiges" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "secondary remex" EXACT []
synonym: "secondary flight feather" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0011795 ! remex feather
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0001424 ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011798
name: tertial remex feather
def: "A remex feather that is connected to the humerus." [Wikipedia:Flight_feather#Tertials]
comment: ertials are connected to the humerus in some species. These elongated "true" tertials act as a protective cover for all or part of the folded primaries and secondaries, and do not qualify as flight feathers as such.[11] However, many authorities use the term tertials to refer to the shorter, more symmetrical innermost secondaries of passerines (which perform the same function as true tertials) in an effort to distinguish them from the other secondaries.
synonym: "tertiary remiges" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "tertiary remex" EXACT []
synonym: "tertiary flight feather" EXACT []
synonym: "tertial remiges" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "tertial remex" EXACT []
synonym: "tertial flight feather" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0011795 ! remex feather
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011799 ! cavity of feather shaft
name: cavity of feather shaft
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011784 ! feather shaft
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a feather shaft." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011800
name: dermal pulp of feather shaft
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011784 ! feather shaft
relationship: located_in UBERON:0011799 ! cavity of feather shaft
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011803 ! feather bud, dermal component
def: "A tissue that is part of a cavity of feather shaft." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008294 ! feather barb
name: feather barb
synonym: "barb" BROAD SENSU []
def: "One of a series of branches fused to the rachis (stem) of a feather. The barbs themselves also have branches called barbules, which have hooks that lock the barbs together[WP]." [Wikipedia:Barb_(feather)]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000022 ! feather
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0011784 ! feather shaft

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011785
name: ramus of feather barb
synonym: "barb ramus" RELATED []
synonym: "main shaft of feather barb" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008294 ! feather barb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011786
name: ramus of feather barbule
synonym: "barb ramus" RELATED [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "main shaft of feather barbule" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008295 ! feather barbule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008295 ! feather barbule
name: feather barbule
def: "Projection from feather bard." []
synonym: "barbule" BROAD SENSU []
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000022 ! feather
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0008294 ! feather barb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012127
name: feather barbicel
def: "A minute hook that projects off of a feather barbule, holding barbules together" []
synonym: "barbicel" BROAD SENSU []
synonym: "hooklet" BROAD SENSU []
synonym: "feather hooklet" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000022 ! feather
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0008295 ! feather barbule


[Term]
id: UBERON:0011782 ! feather follicle
name: feather follicle
def: "a small tubular invagination of the skin with a fleshy dermal papilla at the bottom from which the feather grows. The papilla is inserted in the opening at the end of the quill[TMD]. Forms by invagination of cylinder of epidermal tissue at base of feather bud." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/feather+follicle, http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
comment: The follicle consists of a series of tissue layers (from peripheral to central), including the dermis of the follicle, the epidermis of the follicle (outer epidermal layer), the follicle cavity or lumen (the space between epidermal layers), the follicle (epidermal) collar (or inner epidermal layer), and the dermal pulp (tissue at the center of the follicle). The proliferation of feather keratinocytes and most of the growth of the feather occurs in the follicle, or epidermal, collar (From: Prum 1999).
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000022 ! feather
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011783 ! feather follicle placode
xref: SCTID:68922000 ! Feather follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011783 ! feather follicle placode
name: feather follicle placode
def: "an epidermal thickening above a condensation of dermal cells that will give rise to a feather follicle" [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "feather placode" EXACT []
synonym: "feather bud primordium" EXACT [PMID:16172986]
synonym: "feather primordium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011817 ! follicle placode
intersection_of: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0011782 ! feather follicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
xref: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/554images/Feather_follicle_development)v3.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011801 ! dermal condensation of feather follicle
name: dermal condensation of feather follicle
def: "A suprabasal cell population which together with the feather follicle placode develops into the feather follicle." [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
comment: Taxon notes: The development of placodes where dermal condensations occur, an evolutionary novelty, required changes in gene expression and timing. However, such changes are known to be an important mechanism in the origin of morphological innovations in many other organisms (True and Carroll 2002, Prum 2005)
intersection_of: UBERON:0011585 ! cell condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0011783 ! feather follicle placode

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011802 ! feather bud
name: feather bud
def: "." [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "feather papilla" EXACT [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "elongate feather bud" EXACT [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: has_part UBERON:0011803 ! feather bud, dermal component
relationship: has_part UBERON:0011804 ! feather bud, epidermal component

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011803 ! feather bud, dermal component
name: feather bud, dermal component
def: "The part of the feather bud formed by a proliferation of dermal cells" [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "dermal papilla" BROAD [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "dermal papilla of feather bud" EXACT []
synonym: "dermal papilla of feather papilla" EXACT []
synonym: "dermal core of feather papilla" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011802 ! feather bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011801 ! dermal condensation of feather follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011804 ! feather bud, epidermal component
name: feather bud, epidermal component
synonym: "feather bud epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "feather germ" RELATED [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005153 ! epithelial bud
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011802 ! feather bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011783 ! feather follicle placode
def: "An epithelial bud that is part of a feather bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011805
name: cavity of feather follicle
def: "." [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011782 ! feather follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011806
name: dermis of feather follicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011782 ! feather follicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011804 ! feather bud, epidermal component
def: "A tissue that is part of a dermis and is part of a feather follicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011807 ! epidermis of feather follicle
name: epidermis of feather follicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011782 ! feather follicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011804 ! feather bud, epidermal component
def: "A tissue that is part of a epidermis and is part of a feather follicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011808
name: outer epidermal layer of feather follicle
is_a: UBERON:0011807 ! epidermis of feather follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011809
name: inner epidermal layer of feather follicle
comment: The proliferation of feather keratinocytes and most of the growth of the feather occurs here
synonym: "epidermal collar" BROAD [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "epidermal collar of feather follicle" EXACT [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "follicle collar" BROAD [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
synonym: "follicle collar of feather follicle" EXACT [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/feather_evolution.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0011807 ! epidermis of feather follicle
relationship: site_of GO:0043616 ! keratinocyte proliferation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011792
name: feather muscle
def: "Similar to erector pili muscles of mammals; attached to the sides of the follicle; capable of elevating or lowering entire groups of feathers." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/feather+follicle]
is_a: UBERON:0004253 ! skin muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0011782 ! feather follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013512 ! row of feathers
name: row of feathers
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0000022 ! feather

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013513
name: anal pterya
def: "two row of feathers encircling the cloaca" [http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
synonym: "cloacal circlet" RELATED  [http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0013512 ! row of feathers
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000023
name: wing
def: "Appendage that is used to produce lift for flight through the air." [Wikipedia:Wing]
comment: This class is not monophyletic. See also: GO:0007629
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
xref: EFO:0000885 ! wing
xref: GAID:1217 ! wing
xref: MAT:0000202 ! wing
xref: MIAA:0000202 ! wing
xref: BTO:0001463 ! wing
xref: MESH:A13.395.823 ! wing
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060361 ! flight
relationship: confers_advantage_in ENVO:00000568 ! aerial habitat
property_value: has_relational_adjective "alar" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000024
name: forelimb wing
def: "Forelimb that is used to produce lift for flight through the air." []
synonym: "wing wing" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
comment: Examples: bat wing, bird wing
is_a: UBERON:0000023 ! wing
is_a: UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000026
name: appendage
def: "Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS]. Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified]. An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA]." [GO:0048736, BILA:0000018, Wikipedia:Appendage]
comment: GO includes tree trunks, but excludes antennae. We modify trunk to body in our definition. Note this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "limbs/digits/tail" RELATED [MP:0000001]
synonym: "extremity" RELATED []
synonym: "Extremitaet" RELATED [BTO:0001492]
xref: CARO:0010003
xref: BILA:0000018
xref: EFO:0000799 ! appendage
xref: HAO:0000144 ! appendage
xref: MAT:0000023 ! appendage
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViC-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Appendage ! Appendage
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViC-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! appendage
xref: EHDAA2:0003193 ! appendage
xref: AEO:0000193 ! appendage
xref: MIAA:0000023 ! appendage
xref: FBbt:00007000 ! appendage
xref: XAO:0000218 ! appendage
xref: EV:0100155 ! appendages
xref: VSAO:0000075 ! appendage
xref: BTO:0001492 ! limb
xref: MESH:A01.378 ! extremity
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
property_value: has_relational_adjective "appendicular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0598782

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010758 ! appendage segment
name: appendage segment
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
xref: FBbt:00007018 ! appendage segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005059
name: obsolete Drosophila lymph gland
comment: out of scope
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000029
name: lymph node
def: "Oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are garrisons of B, T, and other immune cells. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as filters or traps for foreign particles. They contain white blood cells that use oxygen to process. Thus they are important in the proper functioning of the immune system. The lymph node is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, and inside the lymph node the fibrous capsule extends to form trabeculae. The substance of the lymph node is divided into the outer cortex and the inner medulla surrounded by the former all around except for at the hilum, where the medulla comes in direct contact with the surface. Thin reticular fibers, elastin and reticular fibers form a supporting meshwork called reticular network (RN) inside the node, within which the white blood cells (WBCs), most prominently, lymphocytes are tightly packed as follicles in the cortex. Elsewhere, there are only occasional WBCs. The RN provides not just the structural support, but also provide surface for adhesion of the dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. It allows for exchange of material with blood through the high endothelial venules and provides the growth and regulatory factors necessary for activation and maturation of immune cells[WP]." [GAID:947, Wikipedia:Lymph_node]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: BTO:0000784
xref: EFO:0000872 ! lymph node
xref: FMA:5034 ! Lymph node
xref: GAID:947 ! lymph node
xref: VHOG:0001273 ! lymph node
xref: MA:0000139 ! lymph node
xref: MAT:0000442 ! lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node ! Lymph Node
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwLPqLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lymph node
xref: ZFA:0005318 ! lymph node
xref: MESH:A15.382.520.604.412 ! lymph node
xref: EV:0100050 ! lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002391 ! lymph
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002465 ! lymphoid system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8570 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Serpentes
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 {source="ZFA", source="doie:10.1177/0192623311409597"} ! Teleostei
xref: galen:Lymphnode
xref: SCTID:181756000 ! Entire lymph node
xref: TAO:0005318 ! lymph node
synonym: "nodus lymphaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lymph_node]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Illu_lymph_node_structure.png
synonym: "lymph gland" RELATED [VHOG:0001273]
property_value: homology_notes "Lymph nodes that are associated with the lymphatic system have evolved in mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001273", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.630", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0024204

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007644 ! thoracic lymph node
name: thoracic lymph node
def: "A lymph node that is part of a thorax. Includes lymph nodes of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes" [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Lymph_nodes_of_the_thorax]
synonym: "lymph node of thorax" EXACT  [FMA:12772]
xref: FMA:12772 ! thoracic lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0000029 {source="FMA"} ! lymph node
intersection_of: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Lymph_Node ! Thoracic Lymph Node
xref: SCTID:196374005 ! Entire lymph node of thorax
xref: UMLS:C0229745

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005334 ! oral lamina propria
name: oral lamina propria
synonym: "lamina propria of oral mucosa" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:26947 ! oral lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003343 ! mucosa of oral region
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000031
name: lamina propria of trachea
synonym: "trachea lamina propria" EXACT []
synonym: "tracheal lamina propria" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe lamina propria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001858 ! trachea lamina propria
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea_Lamina_Propria ! Trachea Lamina Propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001005 ! trachea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001005 ! trachea
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000379 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! tracheal mucosa
xref: UMLS:C1710457

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000033
name: head
def: "The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]." [Wikipedia:Head, GO:0060322]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cephalic area" RELATED [SPD:0000016]
synonym: "adult head" NARROW []
synonym: "head (volume)" EXACT [FMA:7154]
xref: BILA:0000115
xref: BTO:0000282
xref: FBbt:00000004 ! head
xref: FMA:7154 ! Head
xref: GAID:61 ! head
xref: galen:Head
xref: HAO:0000397 ! head
xref: MA:0000023 ! head
xref: MAT:0000294 ! head
xref: MIAA:0000294 ! head
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1230 ! Head
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001114 ! head
xref: WBbt:0005739 ! head
xref: XAO:0003024 ! head
xref: ZFA:0001114 ! head
xref: ncithesaurus:Head ! Head
xref: EFO:0000964 ! head
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rEOLm4rgPEdmAAAACs6hRjg ! heading
xref: EHDAA2:0003106 ! head
xref: AEO:0000106 ! head
xref: TGMA:0000002 ! adult head
xref: MESH:A01.456 ! head
xref: SPD:0000016 ! cephalic area
xref: VHOG:0001644 ! head
is_a: UBERON:0011676 ! axial subdivision of organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000153 ! anterior region of body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007811 ! craniocervical region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: AAO:0010335 ! head
xref: SCTID:302548004 ! Entire head
property_value: external_definition "Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010335", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001114", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001644", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.82", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0018670

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008816 ! embryonic head
name: embryonic head
intersection_of: UBERON:0000033 ! head
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: FBbt:00000155 ! embryonic head
def: "A head that is part of a embryo." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000035
name: primary ovarian follicle
synonym: "folliculus ovaricus primarius" EXACT []
synonym: "preantral follicle of ovary" EXACT []
synonym: "primary egg follicle" RELATED []
synonym: "primary follicle of ovary" EXACT [FMA:18634]
synonym: "ovary primary follicle" EXACT [MA:0002907]
xref: FMA:18634 ! Primary follicle of ovary
xref: MA:0002907 ! ovary primary follicle
xref: BTO:0000410 ! immature ovarian follicle
xref: EMAPA:19284 ! primary follicle
is_a: UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
xref: SCTID:258665002 ! Entire primary ovarian follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000036
name: secondary ovarian follicle
synonym: "antral follicle of ovary" EXACT []
synonym: "antral ovarian follice" EXACT [GO:0001547]
synonym: "antral follice" EXACT [GO:0001547]
synonym: "folliculus ovaricus secondarius" EXACT []
synonym: "secondary egg follicle" RELATED []
synonym: "secondary follicle of ovary" EXACT []
synonym: "ovary secondary follicle" EXACT [MA:0002908]
synonym: "ovary antral follicle" EXACT [MA:0002909]
xref: FMA:18637 ! Secondary follicle of ovary
xref: MA:0002908 ! ovary secondary follicle
xref: MA:0002909 ! ovary antral follicle
xref: EMAPA:29862 ! secondary follicle
is_a: UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000035 ! primary ovarian follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000037
name: tertiary ovarian follicle
def: "Ovarian follicle is the basic unit of female reproductive biology and is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. They contain a single oocyte (aka ovum or egg). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (i. e, once a month). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Graafian_follicle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "folliculus ovaricus tertiarius" EXACT []
synonym: "folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculous)" EXACT []
synonym: "Graafian follicle" EXACT []
synonym: "tertiary egg follicle" RELATED []
synonym: "tertiary follicle of ovary" EXACT [FMA:18641]
synonym: "folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculosus)" EXACT [FMA:18641]
synonym: "vesicular follicle of ovary" EXACT [FMA:18641]
synonym: "vesicular ovarian follicle" EXACT [FMA:18641]
xref: FMA:18641 ! Tertiary follicle of ovary
xref: ncithesaurus:Graafian_Follicle ! Graafian Follicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Primary_follicle-4.JPG/200px-Primary_follicle-4.JPG
xref: EMAPA:30763 ! tertiary follicle
is_a: UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000036 ! secondary ovarian follicle
synonym: "folliculi ovarici vesiculosi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:18641]
xref: SCTID:362261008 ! Entire vesicular ovarian follicle
xref: UMLS:C0600225

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000038
name: follicular fluid
def: "The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle ( OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes." [MESH:D015571, Wikipedia:Follicular_fluid]
comment: Follicular fluid is a liquid which fills the follicular antrum and surrounds the ovum in an ovarian follicle. This fluid is rich in hyaluronic acid.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "antral fluid, ovarian follicle" RELATED []
synonym: "liquor folliculi" EXACT []
synonym: "liquor follicularis" EXACT [FMA:18665]
synonym: "ovarian follicular fluid" RELATED  [BTO:0004383]
synonym: "ovary follicular fluid" RELATED  [BTO:0004383]
synonym: "ovary follicle fluid" EXACT [MA:0002511]
xref: GAID:372 ! follicular fluid
xref: FMA:18665 ! Liquor folliculi
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray3.png/200px-Gray3.png
xref: BTO:0004383 ! follicular fluid
xref: MA:0002511 ! ovary follicle fluid
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.114.630.535.150 ! follicular fluid
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Follicle_Fluid ! Ovarian Follicle Fluid
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
relationship: located_in UBERON:0000039 ! follicular antrum
relationship: surrounds CL:0000025 ! egg
relationship: has_part CHEBI:17089 ! glycoprotein
synonym: "liquor folliculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Follicular_fluid]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray3.png
xref: UMLS:C1709369

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000039
name: follicular antrum
def: "Region of ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular_antrum, Wikipedia:Follicular_antrum]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "antral cavity" EXACT [FMA:18675]
synonym: "antrum folliculare" EXACT [FMA:18675]
xref: FMA:18675 ! Antral cavity
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
synonym: "antrum follicularum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Follicular_antrum]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000040 ! Leydig's organ
name: Leydig's organ
def: "A hemopoietic organ found in elasmobranchs. Along with the spleen and special tissue around the gonads, this structure produces red blood cells and it is nestled along the top and bottom of the esophagus." [http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/p_blood_cells.htm, Wikipedia:Leydig's_organ]
comment: Taxon notes:  Found in elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) but with some exceptions. Phenotype notes: Leydig's organ can be quite large - a 1.6-kilogram (3.5-pound) one was reported from a 1.8-metre (6-foot) long Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus). Structure notes: divided into dorsal and ventral patches, gradation varies between species. Lacks erythroblasts and fat cells[Honma 1983]
subset: uberon_slim
is_a: UBERON:0004177 ! hemopoietic organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7778 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Elasmobranchii
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7863 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Holocephali
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000738 {source="Honma1983"} ! leukocyte

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010014
name: epigonal organ
def: "An elongate paired tissue ventral to the kidneys and partialy enveloping the anterior gonads in Elasmobranchii. Apparently important to the immune system" [http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=epigonal+organ]
synonym: "subgonal organ" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004177 ! hemopoietic organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7778 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Elasmobranchii
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7863 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Holocephali
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000738 {source="Honma1983"} ! leukocyte
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010015
name: ventral patch of Leydig's organ
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000040 ! Leydig's organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010051
name: dorsal patch of Leydig's organ
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000040 ! Leydig's organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010016
name: spiral valve of intestine
def: "Coiled structure in the lumen of the small intestine that increases the length of the route through the diesgtive tract.[WP,cjm,Kardong]" [Wikipedia:Spiral_valve]
synonym: "intestinal spiral valve" EXACT []
synonym: "spiral valve" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0003978 {source="cjm"} ! valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: located_in UBERON:0006909 ! lumen of gut
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Tetrapoda
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010017
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010018

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010017
name: spiral valve of cystic duct
def: "a series of crescentic folds of mucous membrane somewhat spirally arranged on the interior of the gallbladder and continuing into the cystic duct" [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/spiral+valve, Wikipedia:Spiral_valves_of_Heister]
synonym: "Heister's valve" EXACT  [FMA:15855]
synonym: "valve of Heister " EXACT  []
synonym: "plica spiralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "plica spiralis (ductus cysticus)" EXACT  [FMA:15855]
synonym: "spiral fold of cystic duct" EXACT  [FMA:15855]
is_a: UBERON:0003978 {source="FMA"} ! valve
xref: FMA:15855 ! spiral valve of cystic duct
xref: SCTID:270125000 ! Entire valve of Heister
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010018

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010018
name: spiral valve of conus arteriosus
def: "The spiral valve alternately blocks & unblocks the entrances to the left and right pulmonary arches (sending unoxygenated blood to the skin & lungs)." [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/342notes9.html]
comment: Taxon notes: many dipnoans and amphibians. Evolution notes: The spiral valve is considered to have evolved from the right member of the four embryonic endocardial ridges (Goodrich, 1930 - via Morris 1974)
is_a: UBERON:0003978 {source="cjm"} ! valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003983 {source="AAO"} ! conus arteriosus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8287 {evidence="NAS"} ! Sarcopterygii 
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 ! Amniota
xref: AAO:0010251 ! spiral valve
xref: http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter21/medialib/Kardong_fig_12_29.html

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010019
name: spiracle
def: "a small hole behind each eye that opens to the mouth in some fish. In the primitive jawless fish the first gill opening immediately behind the mouth is essentially similar to the other gill openings." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Spiracle#Vertebrates]
synonym: "vertebrate spiracle" EXACT []
comment: Taxon notes: The spiracle is still found in all cartilaginous fish except chimaeras, and in bony fishes in the coelacanth, sturgeon, paddlefish and bichirs. It is also seen as an otic notch in the skull of the extinct labyrinthodonts, and is thought to be associated with the ear opening in amniotes and frogs[WP]. In elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), a spiracle is found behind each eye, and is often used to pump water through the gills while the animal is at rest (Fouts, 2003). A spiracle is also found in primitive bony fishes as the chirrups. TODO - check GO:0035277-spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system - taxon constraint in GO
is_a: UBERON:0003102 {source="cjm"} ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013222
name: otic notch
def: "Otic notches are invagination in the posterior margin of the skull roof, one behind each orbit. Such notches are found in labyrinthodonts and some of their immediate ancestors, but not their reptilian descendants. The presence or absence of the otic notches is one of the traits used to separate the amniotes from the amphibian grade tetrapods. The notches have been interpreted as part of an auditory structure, and are often shown holding a tympanum similar to those seen in modern anurans. Analysis of the columella (the stapes in amphibians and reptiles) of labyrinthodonts however indicate it did not function in transmitting low energy vibrations, thus rendering them effectively deaf to airborne sound. The otic notch instead functioned as a spiracle, at least in the early forms." [Wikipedia:Otic_notch]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001006
name: obsolete spiracle
def: "OBSOLETE: The mostly slit-like opening on the body surface through which air is taken into the respiratory system." [ISBN:3110148986, Wikipedia:Spiracle]
comment: This class was obsoleted as it grouped together disparate classes. For the fish structure, see UBERON:0010019. The arthropod structure will presumably be added to the arthropod anatomy
synonym: "spiracular gland" RELATED []
synonym: "open tracheal system spiracle" NARROW [GO:0035277]
synonym: "spiracle of open tracheal system" NARROW [GO:0035277]
consider: FBbt:00005054 ! spiracle
consider: HAO:0000950 ! spiracle
consider: TGMA:0000578 ! spiracle
xref: MAT:0000208 ! spiracle
xref: MIAA:0000208 ! spiracle
xref: EFO:0000936 ! spiracle
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0010019

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004457 ! cavity lining
name: cavity lining
comment: Editor notes: consider merging with serous membrane. AO notes: in MA this groups pericardium, pleura and periotoneal cavity lining
xref: MA:0002448 ! cavity lining
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
is_a: UBERON:0004458 {notes="pre-inferred via union_of"} ! body cavity or lining

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004458 ! body cavity or lining
name: body cavity or lining
comment: Note that this class may be merged into 'serous sac'. See notes for 'cavity lining'
xref: MA:0000005 ! body cavity or lining
xref: EMAPA:16060 ! cavities and their linings
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
union_of: UBERON:0004457 ! cavity lining
union_of: UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000042
name: serous membrane
def: "multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer." [Wikipedia:Serous_membrane, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86]
comment: in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "serosa" RELATED [Wikipedia:Serous_membrane]
synonym: "tunica serosa" EXACT LATIN [FMA:9581]
synonym: "wall of serous sac" EXACT [FMA:9581]
xref: FMA:9581 ! Serous membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Serosa ! Serosa
xref: GAID:19 ! serous membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png
xref: ZFA:0005425 ! serous membrane
xref: MESH:A10.615.789 ! serous membrane
is_a: UBERON:0004457 ! cavity lining
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000060 ! anatomical wall
xref: SCTID:362878009 ! Entire serous membrane
xref: TAO:0005425 ! serous membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png
property_value: external_definition "A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005425", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous_membrane"}
property_value: external_definition "a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP]" xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous_membrane"}
xref: UMLS:C0036760

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000044
name: dorsal root ganglion
def: "ganglion on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve that is one of a series of ganglia lodging cell bodies of sensory neurons[BTO]. Trunk ganglion which is located adjacent to the spine on a dorsal root and contains the cell bodies of afferent sensory nerves[..]. one on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve[TFD]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_root_ganglion]
comment: Development notes: The sensory ganglia of spinal nerves arise only from the neural crest, whereas many sensory ganglia of the “dorsal” cranial nerves arise from epibranchial placodes as well as the neural crest[doi: 10.1093/icb/icn065]. Other ontology notes: FMA treats dorsal root ganglion and spinal ganglion as equivalent labels. MA is the only ontology to introduce two classes here (also EHDAA2)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal root ganglia" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [BTO:0001264]
synonym: "DRG" RELATED []
synonym: "ganglion spinalis" EXACT  [FMA:5888]
synonym: "spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:5888]
synonym: "ganglion of dorsal root" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis" RELATED [BTO:0001264]
synonym: "ganglion spinale" RELATED [BTO:0001264]
xref: BTO:0001264
xref: EFO:0000900 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: EHDAA:2899 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: FMA:5888 ! Spinal ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000222 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: MA:0000232 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: MA:0000231 ! spinal ganglion
xref: MAT:0000162 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: MIAA:0000162 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2596 ! Dorsal root ganglion
xref: TAO:0000200 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: XAO:0000210 ! spinal ganglion
xref: ZFA:0000200 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Root_Ganglion ! Dorsal Root Ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0000418 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0001897 ! spinal ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg/200px-DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg
xref: EMAPA:16668 ! dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
xref: EMAPA:18372 ! dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of peripheral nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: EV:0100373 ! spinal ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001800 {source="MA"} ! sensory ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002261 ! dorsal root
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003083 {source="ZFA", source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! trunk neural crest
xref: AAO:0011032 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: SCTID:244455004 ! Entire spinal nerve ganglion
synonym: "ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_root_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/DRG_Chicken_e7.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Trunk ganglion which is located adjacent to the spine on a dorsal root and contains the cell bodies of afferent sensory nerves.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000200", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000222", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/1097-0185(20000615)261:3<111::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-F Butler AB\, Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates: An old brain in a new head. AnaT Rec (New Anat) (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0017070

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000125
name: neural nucleus
def: "Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO]." [GO:0048857, GO_REF:0000021, Wikipedia:Nucleus_(neuroanatomy)]
comment: do not include NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020 Nucleus. Proposed CUMBO def from MM: A subcortical part of the nervous system consisting of a relatively compact group of cells that is distinguishable histologically that share a commonality of cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecturel and connectivity. (comments: I put in "subcortical" because I don't think we consider either the cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex to be nuclei. Some people distinguish between a nucleus and a laminar structure (see Wikipedia definition). However, there are structures identified as nuclei that are laminar, e.g., lateral geniculate nucleus, although they are not laminated in all species. Also, I put in "relatively compact" and "distiguishable by histology" because we have groups of cells, e.g., cholinergic cell groups, doparminergic cell groups that are related on the 3 criteria but which we don't tend to consider nuclei because they don't occupy an easily defined territory. But all is open to debate.
synonym: "nucleus" BROAD []
synonym: "nucleus of neuraxis" RELATED []
synonym: "neuraxis nucleus" EXACT [FMA:83686]
synonym: "neuronal nucleus" EXACT [AEO:0000136]
xref: FMA:83686 ! Nucleus of neuraxis
xref: AEO:0000136 ! neuronal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
relationship: has_part GO:0043025 ! neuronal cell body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002308
name: nucleus of brain
def: "Nucleus of neuraxis which is located within the brain. Example: pontobulbar nucleus, globose nucleus[FMA]. brain structure consisting of a relatively compact cluster of neurons. It is one of the two most common forms of nerve cell organization, the other being layered structures such as the cerebral cortex or cerebellar cortex. In anatomical sections, a nucleus shows up as a region of gray matter, often bordered by white matter. The vertebrate brain contains hundreds of distinguishable nuclei, varying widely in shape and size. A nucleus may itself have a complex internal structure, with multiple types of neurons arranged in clumps (subnuclei) or layers.[Wikipedia]" [FMA:83840, Wikipedia:Nucleus_(neuroanatomy)]
comment: We considered merging with 'neural nucleus'
synonym: "brain nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83840 ! Nucleus of brain
xref: MA:0000811 ! brain nucleus
xref: ZFA:0005575 ! brain nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Brain_Nucleus ! Brain Nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003528 ! brain grey matter
xref: SCTID:426465002 ! Entire nucleus of brain
xref: UMLS:C1706993

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000045
name: ganglion
def: "A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies." [Wikipedia:Ganglion]
comment: TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. // Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com). 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ganglia" RELATED []
synonym: "neural ganglion" RELATED [BTO:0000497]
xref: BTO:0000497
xref: EFO:0000899 ! ganglion
xref: EHDAA:2897 ! ganglion
xref: EHDAA:4662 ! ganglion
xref: EHDAA:5621 ! ganglion
xref: EHDAA:918 ! ganglion
xref: FBbt:00005137 ! ganglion
xref: FMA:5884 ! Ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000156 ! ganglion
xref: MA:0002406 ! ganglion
xref: MAT:0000207 ! invertebrate ganglion
xref: MAT:0000343 ! ganglion
xref: MIAA:0000207 ! invertebrate ganglion
xref: MIAA:0000343 ! ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100302 ! Ganglion
xref: TAO:0000190 ! ganglion
xref: WBbt:0005189 ! ganglion
xref: XAO:0000209 ! ganglion
xref: ZFA:0000190 ! ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Ganglion ! Ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0003135 ! ganglion
xref: AEO:0000135 ! ganglion
xref: TGMA:0001016 ! ganglia
xref: MESH:A08.340 ! ganglia
xref: EV:0100372 ! ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0003714 {source="EHDAA2"} ! neural tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
xref: AAO:0010426 ! ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003869 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive ganglion
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010426", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000190", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000156", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.021 Mazet F\, Hutt JA\, Milloz J\, Millard J\, Graham A\, Shimeld SM\, Molecular evidence from Ciona intestinalis for the evolutionary origin of vertebrate sensory placodes. Developmental Biology (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ganglionic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0017067

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003338
name: ganglion of peripheral nervous system
def: "A ganglion that is part of a peripheral nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: We follow MA in including separate classes for ganglion and peripheral nervous system, even though for vertebrates gangia are always in the PNS 
synonym: "peripheral nervous system ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18371 ! ganglion of peripheral nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: MA:0001161 ! peripheral nervous system ganglion
xref: BTO:0001123 ! peripheral ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003339
name: ganglion of central nervous system
def: "A ganglion that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: this has no subclasses in FMA. In EHDAA2 it has only the cranial ganglia
synonym: "central nervous system ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neuraxis ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:16658 ! ganglion of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: FMA:83843 ! Ganglion of neuraxis
xref: EHDAA2:0000227 ! central nervous system ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000046
name: stemma
def: "eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light" [Wikipedia:Eye#Pit_eyes, Wikipedia:Stemma]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pit eye" EXACT [Wikipedia:Eye#Pit_eyes]
is_a: UBERON:0000047 ! simple eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000047
name: simple eye
def: "An eye with one concave chamber. Note that \'simple\' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity." [Wikipedia:Eye#Simple_eyes]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
xref: TGMA:0000729 ! larval stemma
is_a: UBERON:0000970 ! eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000048
name: pinhole eye
def: "Simple eye that has a small aperture (which may be adjustable) and deep pit. It is only found in the nautiloids." [DOI:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.000245, Wikipedia:Pinhole_eye]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000047 ! simple eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000049
name: spherical lensed eye
def: "simple eye that consists of a lens of one refractive index" [Wikipepedia:Eye#Spherical_lensed_eye]
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000047 ! simple eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000050
name: simple eye with multiple lenses
def: "simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope" [Wikipedia:Eye#Multiple_lenses]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000047 ! simple eye
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000965 ! lens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000052 ! fornix of brain
name: fornix of brain
def: "The fornix (Latin, 'vault' or 'arch') is a C-shaped bundle of fibres in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vaginal_fornix_of_brain_of_brain]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cerebral fornix" EXACT []
synonym: "brain fornix" EXACT []
synonym: "fornix" BROAD []
synonym: "fornix of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:83865]
synonym: "neuraxis fornix" EXACT [FMA:83865]
xref: MA:0002747 ! fornix
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_705 ! Fornix
xref: FMA:83865 ! Fornix of neuraxis
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Fornix ! Cerebral Fornix
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray747.png/200px-Gray747.png
is_a: UBERON:0002437 ! cerebral white matter
xref: SCTID:279302004 ! Entire cerebral fornix
xref: UMLS:C0458370

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000053
name: macula lutea
def: "Oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 5 mm and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells. Near its center is the fovea, a small pit that contains the largest concentration of cone cells in the eye and is responsible for central vision, and also contains the parafovea and perifovea[WP]. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)" [Wikipedia:Macula_of_retina, MESH:A09.371.729.522]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "macula" RELATED []
synonym: "maculae" RELATED []
synonym: "macula flava retinae" RELATED [BTO:0003015]
synonym: "macula retinae" RELATED [BTO:0003015]
xref: FMA:58637 ! Macula lutea
xref: GAID:909 ! macula lutea
xref: MA:0001306 ! macula
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2540 ! Macula
xref: ncithesaurus:Macula ! Macula
xref: ncithesaurus:Macula_Lutea ! macula lutea
xref: BTO:0003015 ! macula lutea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png/200px-Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png
xref: MESH:A09.371.729.522 ! macula lutea
xref: EV:0100349 ! macula lutea
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000054 ! macula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina
xref: SCTID:362517001 ! Entire macula lutea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png
xref: UMLS:C0450295

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000055
name: vessel
comment: compare with UBERON:0008782
def: "A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006554
name: urinary system structure
comment: editor note: note that we do not explicitly exclude entities such as WBbt:0005777 (excretory duct) here, but they will be automatically classified under this class after reasoning
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
xref: SCTID:122489005 ! Urinary system structure
def: "An anatomical structure that is part of a excretory system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006555 ! excretory tube
name: excretory tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
def: "A tube that is part of a excretory system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000056
name: ureter
def: "Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. In humans, organ with organ cavity which connects the renal sinus to the urinary bladder. Examples: the right and the left ureters." [Wikipedia:Ureter, GO:0090189, FMA:9704]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: major_organ
synonym: "metanephric duct" RELATED  [VHOG:0000605, ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: BTO:0001409
xref: EFO:0000930 ! ureter
xref: EHDAA:9341 ! ureter
xref: FMA:9704 ! Ureter
xref: GAID:438 ! ureter
xref: VHOG:0000605 ! ureter
xref: MA:0000378 ! ureter
xref: MAT:0000120 ! ureter
xref: MIAA:0000120 ! ureter
xref: ncithesaurus:Ureter
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvhmm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: galen:Ureter ! ureter
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvhmm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ureter
xref: EHDAA2:0002139 ! ureter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_system.svg/200px-Urinary_system.svg.png
xref: XAO:0000144 ! ureter
xref: EMAPA:17950 ! ureter
xref: MESH:A05.810.776 ! ureter
xref: EV:0100097 ! ureter
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
is_a: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 {xref="MA:0000378"} ! pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011143 {source="FMA"} ! upper urinary tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005081 {source="GO"} ! ureter ureteric bud
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001224 ! renal pelvis
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001088 ! urine
xref: AAO:0010254 ! ureter
xref: SCTID:302511008 ! Entire ureter
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Urinary_system.svg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010254", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000605", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000605", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.543", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ureteric" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ureteral" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0041951

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000057
name: urethra
def: "A tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination." [Wikipedia:Urethra]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: major_organ
xref: FMA:19667 ! Urethra
xref: GAID:390 ! urethra
xref: VHOG:0001264 ! urethra
xref: MA:0000379 ! urethra
xref: MAT:0000121 ! urethra
xref: MIAA:0000121 ! urethra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000153 ! urethra
xref: EMAPA:30901 ! urethra of urinary system
xref: ncithesaurus:Urethra ! Urethra
xref: BTO:0001426 ! urethra
xref: EFO:0000931 ! urethra
xref: galen:Urethra ! urethra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! urethra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.492.726 ! urethra
xref: EV:0100099 ! urethra
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001556 ! lower urinary tract
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060073 ! micturition
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000164 {source="Wikipedia", notes="pelvic part of UG sinus gives rise to prostatic and membranous parts of urethra"} ! primitive urogenital sinus
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001088 ! urine
xref: SCTID:302513006 ! Entire urethra
subset: organ_slim
property_value: has_relational_adjective "urethral" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0041967

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010390
name: lumen of urethra
synonym: "urethral lumen" EXACT  [FMA:19709]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
xref: FMA:19709 ! lumen of urethra
xref: SCTID:279432008 ! Entire urethral lumen
def: "An organ cavity that is part of a urethra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000025
name: tube
synonym: "epithelial or endothelial lined tube" RELATED []
xref: galen:Tube ! tube
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
intersection_of: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
intersection_of: has_quality PATO:0001873 ! cylindrical
relationship: has_quality PATO:0001873 ! cylindrical
property_value: has_relational_adjective "tubular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013522 ! subdivision of tube
name: subdivision of tube
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000025 ! tube
relationship: subdivision_of UBERON:0000025 ! tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003914
name: epithelial tube
def: "Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system." [GO:0060562, PMID:12526790]
synonym: "epithelial or endothelial tube" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0003114 ! epithelial tube
xref: AEO:0000114 ! epithelial tube
xref: FBbt:00007474  ! epithelial tube
is_a: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: has_quality PATO:0001873 ! cylindrical

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000058
name: duct
def: "A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Duct_(anatomy), ZFA:0005171]
comment: TODO - make distinctions between duct and tube clearer. Single layer of cells vs multiples? Function (e.g. exocrine gland duct?). Different ontologies use it in different ways (e.g. isa epithelial tube in FBbt). Consider adding duct of gland
synonym: "anatomical duct" EXACT []
synonym: "exocrine duct" NARROW []
synonym: "exocrine gland duct" NARROW []
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:30320 ! Duct
xref: galen:Duct
xref: ZFA:0005171 ! duct
xref: FBbt:00100314 ! duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Duct ! Duct
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: has_function_in GO:0032941 ! tissue secretion
xref: XAO:0004000 ! duct
xref: TAO:0005171 ! duct
xref: AAO:0011123 ! duct
xref: SCTID:91726008 ! Entire duct (organ)
xref: UMLS:C0687028

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000059
name: large intestine
def: "A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]." [Wikipedia:Large_intestine_(anatomy), ISBN10:0073040584]
subset: major_organ
synonym: "intestinum crassum" RELATED [BTO:0000706]
xref: BTO:0000706
xref: EFO:0000840 ! large intestine
xref: FMA:7201 ! Large intestine
xref: galen:LargeIntestine
xref: VHOG:0000054 ! large intestine
xref: MA:0000333 ! large intestine
xref: MIAA:0000046 ! large intestine
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestine
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000131 ! large intestine
xref: GAID:306 ! large intestine
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! large intestine
xref: EMAPA:19252 ! large intestine
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495 ! large intestine
xref: EV:0100077 ! large intestine
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="2"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004907 ! lower digestive tract
xref: AAO:0010396 ! large intestine
xref: SCTID:181254001 ! Entire large intestine
subset: organ_slim
property_value: homology_notes "Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000054", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.566", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0021851

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000061
name: anatomical structure
def: "Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome." [CARO:0000003]
subset: upper_level
synonym: "biological structure" EXACT []
xref: BILA:0000003
xref: CARO:0000003 ! anatomical structure
xref: FBbt:00007001 ! anatomical structure
xref: FMA:67135 ! Anatomical structure
xref: MA:0003000 ! anatomical structure
xref: HAO:0000003 ! anatomical structure
xref: TAO:0000037 ! anatomical structure
xref: XAO:0003000 ! anatomical structure
xref: ZFA:0000037 ! anatomical structure
xref: EHDAA2:0003003 ! anatomical structure
xref: AEO:0000003 ! anatomical structure
xref: TGMA:0001823 ! anatomical structure
xref: MESH:A13  ! animal structure
xref: GAID:781  ! animal structure
is_a: UBERON:0000465 ! material anatomical entity
xref: AAO:0010825 ! anatomical structure
xref: SCTID:362889002 ! Entire anatomical structure
xref: VHOG:0001759 ! anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000062
name: organ
def: "Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions[GO]." [Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy)]
subset: upper_level
comment: note that CARO does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ
synonym: "body organ" RELATED []
synonym: "element" RELATED []
xref: EFO:0000634
xref: FMA:67498 ! Organ
xref: MA:0003001 ! organ
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Organ ! Organ
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! organ
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4 ! Organ
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:110815 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Xenoturbella
xref: UMLS:C0178784
xref: SCTID:272625005 ! Entire body organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000064
name: organ part
def: "anatomical structure which has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement. Examples: osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior right side of heart, interventricular branch of left coronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve, head of pancreas[FMA]." [FMA:82472]
subset: disjointness_axiom_removed
subset: upper_level
synonym: "cardinal organ part" EXACT []
xref: FMA:82472 ! Cardinal organ part
xref: EFO:0000635 ! organism part
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000062 ! organ
xref: SCTID:91717005 ! Organ part
xref: AAO:0011124 ! organ part
xref: SCTID:113343008 ! Body organ structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011906 ! muscle head
name: muscle head
subset: upper_level
synonym: "caput (musculus)" EXACT  [FMA:85453]
synonym: "caput musculi" EXACT  [FMA:85453]
synonym: "muscular organ head" EXACT  [FMA:85453]
synonym: "head of muscle organ" EXACT [FMA:85453]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
xref: FMA:85453 ! head of muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000067
name: embryo stage part
def: "A stage that is part of the embryo stage." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "embryonic stage part" EXACT []
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
intersection_of: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000068
name: embryo stage
def: "A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo." []
synonym: "embryonic stage" EXACT []
synonym: "embryogenesis" RELATED []
xref: XAO:1000012 ! embryonic stage
xref: FBdv:00005289 ! embryonic stage
xref: OGES:000022 ! embryo
xref: EV:0300001 ! embryo
xref: OGES:000000 ! Embryo
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0009790
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000104 ! life cycle
xref: SCTID:296280003 ! Entire embryo stage
xref: BilaDO:0000002 ! embryo
xref: MmusDv:0000002 ! embryo
xref: HsapDv:0000002 ! embryonic stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007220 ! late embryonic stage
name: late embryonic stage
synonym: "fetus" NARROW [MIAA:0000399]
synonym: "fetal stage" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "fetus stage" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "embryo late (growth) stage" EXACT [MIAA:0000399]
synonym: "embryo late growth stage" RELATED [BTO:0000449]
synonym: "embryo late stage" RELATED [BTO:0000449]
xref: EVM:2990031
xref: MIAA:0000399 ! embryo late (growth) stage
xref: OGES:000023 ! fetus
xref: EV:0300011 ! fetus
xref: FBdv:00005333 ! late embryonic stage
xref: MmusDv:0000031 ! fetus
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: has_end UBERON:0000103 ! life cycle stage boundary
xref: SCTID:367619004 ! Entire late embryo stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000069
name: larval stage
def: "a distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle." [Wikipedia:Larva]
comment: It is a misunderstanding that the larval form always reflects the group's evolutionary history. It could be the case, but often the larval stage has evolved secondarily, as in insects. In these cases the larval form might differ more from the group's common origin than the adult form[WP]. Uberon includes clade-specific subclasses.
synonym: "larva stage" EXACT []
synonym: "larva" RELATED []
synonym: "tornaria" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:10219]
synonym: "metacestode" NARROW SENSU [BTO:0000859]
synonym: "planula" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "nauplius" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "zoea" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "nymph" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "naiad, nymph" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "caterpillar" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "grub" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "maggot" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "wriggler" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "trochophore" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "veliger" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "glochidium" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "ammocoete" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "leptocephalus" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "bipinnaria" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "planula stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "nauplius stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "zoea stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "nymph stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "naiad, nymph stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "caterpillar stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "grub stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "maggot stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "wriggler stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "trochophore stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "veliger stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "glochidium stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "ammocoete stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "leptocephalus stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "bipinnaria stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
xref: EFO:0001303 ! larval stage
xref: BTO:0000915 ! nauplius
xref: BTO:0000954 ! nymph
xref: OGES:000008
xref: MIAA:0000400 ! larval stage
xref: FBdv:00005336 ! larval stage
xref: ZFS:0000048 ! larva
is_a: UBERON:0000092 ! post-embryonic stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0002164
relationship: immediately_preceded_by UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 ! Amniota

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004728
name: amphibian larval stage
def: "Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form." [GO:0002117]
comment: AO notes: the XAO class denotes a stage
synonym: "tadpole stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "polliwog stage" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "tadpole" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "polliwog" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "larva" RELATED [XAO:1000008]
synonym: "larva stage" BROAD []
xref: XAO:1000008 ! tadpole stage
xref: XtroDO:0000056 ! tadpole
is_a: UBERON:0000069 ! larval stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0002117 ! amphibian larval development
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8292 ! Amphibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004729 ! nematode larval stage
name: nematode larval stage
def: "Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew." [GO:0002119]
xref: WBls:0000023 ! larva
is_a: UBERON:0000069 ! larval stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0002119 ! nematode larval development
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6231 ! Nematoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009850 ! nematode larva
name: nematode larva
is_a: UBERON:0002548 ! larva
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0004729 ! nematode larval stage
def: "A multi-cellular organism that existence_starts_and_ends_during a nematode larval stage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004730
name: instar larval stage
def: "This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GO:0002168]
xref: FBdv:00005336
is_a: UBERON:0000069 ! larval stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0002168 ! instar larval development

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008264
name: echinopluteus larval stage
def: "Larval stage in echinoderms characterized by a planktonic and feeding larval form that possesses limb-like outgrowths bearing ciliated bands." [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-echinopluteuslarva.html]
synonym: "pluteus larval stage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000069 ! larval stage
relationship: only_in_taxon  NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000070
name: pupal stage
def: "A life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago." [Wikipedia:Pupa]
synonym: "pupa stage" EXACT []
synonym: "aurelia stage" NARROW [Wikipedia:Pupa,  NCBITaxon:37572]
synonym: "chrysalis stage" NARROW [Wikipedia:Pupa,  NCBITaxon:37572]
synonym: "chrysalides stage" NARROW [Wikipedia:Pupa,  NCBITaxon:37572]
xref: FBdv:00005349
is_a: UBERON:0000092 ! post-embryonic stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0035209
relationship: immediately_preceded_by UBERON:0000069 ! larval stage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:33392 ! Endopterygota

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000092
name: post-embryonic stage
def: "stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997)
synonym: "postembryonic stage" EXACT []
synonym: "postembryonic" RELATED []
synonym: "post-hatching stage" NARROW []
xref: WBls:0000022 ! postembryonic
xref: OGES:000010
xref: OGES:000024
xref: OGES:000014
xref: BilaDO:0000003 ! post-embryonic development
xref: MmusDv:0000030 ! post-embryonic development
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000104 ! life cycle
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0009791
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012101
name: perinatal stage
def: "the period spanning the range immediately before and after birth" []
comment: In birds, the paranatal stage starts when the beak penetrates into the air pocket (air cell) between the inner and outer shell membranes 
synonym: "paranatal stage" NARROW []
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000092 ! post-embryonic stage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000071
name: death stage
def: "End of the life of an organism." [XAO:0000437]
comment: AO notes - ncit:Death is an outcome
synonym: "death" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0000437 ! death
xref: XtroDO:0000085 ! death
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0016265
relationship: finishes UBERON:0000104 ! life cycle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000104 ! life cycle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000072
name: segment of respiratory tract
def: "An organ segment that is part of a respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Note that MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole
synonym: "respiratory tract" RELATED [MA:0000434]
xref: MA:0000434 ! respiratory tract
intersection_of: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000065 ! respiratory tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000063
name: organ segment
def: "Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball[FMA]." [FMA:86140]
synonym: "organ region with fixed fiat boundary" EXACT [FMA:86140]
synonym: "segment of organ" EXACT [FMA:86140]
subset: upper_level
xref: FMA:86140 ! Organ segment
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000914 ! organismal segment
name: organismal segment
def: "One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism." [FB:gg, Wikipedia:Segmentation_(biology)]
comment: editor note: review this post-CARO2
subset: uberon_slim
subset: upper_level
xref: FBbt:00000003 ! segment
synonym: "segment" EXACT [FBbt:00000003]
xref: HAO:0000929 ! segment
xref: MAT:0000271 ! segment - adult
xref: MIAA:0000271 ! segment - adult
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008834
name: prostomium
def: "The first body segment in annelids worms. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, being usually a small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth. It sometimes bears antennae and eyes. By feeding, it often functions like a kind of overlip. The shape and composition of prostomium are important for annelid systematics." [Wikipedia:Prostomium]
synonym: "acron" RELATED  [BTO:0004198]
is_a: UBERON:0000914 ! organismal segment
xref: BTO:0004198 ! prostomium
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6340 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Annelida

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008880
name: annelid pygidium
def: "Rearmost segment of annelid worms." [Wikipedia:Annelid#Segmentation]
is_a: UBERON:0000914 ! organismal segment
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6340 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Annelida

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000073
name: regional part of nervous system
def: "An anatomical structure that is part of a nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: upper_level
subset: non_informative
synonym: "part of nervous system" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1157]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1157 ! Part of nervous system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
created_by: Melissa Haendel
creation_date: 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z
xref: ncithesaurus:Nervous_System_Part ! Nervous System Part
xref: SCTID:25087005 ! Structure of nervous system
xref: UMLS:C1518256

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004732 ! segmental subdivision of nervous system
name: segmental subdivision of nervous system
def: "An organ segment that is part of a nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor note: revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment
synonym: "neuromere" RELATED [FBbt:00005140]
xref: FBbt:00005140 ! neuromere
intersection_of: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004733 ! segmental subdivision of hindbrain
name: segmental subdivision of hindbrain
def: "An organ segment that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindbrain segment" EXACT [FMA:61998]
synonym: "segment of hindbrain" EXACT [FMA:61998]
xref: FMA:61998 ! Segment of hindbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004731 ! neuromere
name: neuromere
def: "A segment of the developing neural tube[MP]. A metameric segment of the central nervous system[ZFA]. morphologically or molecularly defined transient segments of the early developing brain. Rhombomeres are such segments that make up the rhombencephalon or hindbrain. [WP]." [Wikipedia:Neuromere, MP:0003208]
comment: WP says: "More controversially, some argue that there exist early developmental segments that give rise to structures of the midbrain (mesomeres) and forebrain (prosomeres).". Note that ZFA has spinal neuromere
synonym: "neural segment" EXACT []
synonym: "neural tube segment" EXACT []
synonym: "neuromere" EXACT []
xref: TAO:0001328 ! neuromere
xref: ZFA:0001328 ! neuromere
intersection_of: UBERON:0004732 ! segmental subdivision of nervous system
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
created_by: Melissa Haendel
creation_date: 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z
property_value: external_definition "A metameric segment of the central nervous system.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001328", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "neuromeres" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001328]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
name: rhombomere
def: "A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure. In human embryonic development, the rhombomeres are present by day 29[WP]." [Wikipedia:Rhombomere, ZFIN:curator]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "future rhombencephalon" RELATED [MIAA:0000272]
synonym: "hindbrain segment" BROAD [ZFA:0001064]
synonym: "rhombomere" EXACT []
synonym: "segment of hindbrain" BROAD [ZFA:0001064]
xref: VHOG:0000672 ! rhombomere
xref: MAT:0000272 ! rhombomere
xref: MIAA:0000272 ! rhombomere
xref: TAO:0001064 ! rhombomere
xref: ZFA:0001064 ! rhombomere
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000669 ! future rhombencephalon
xref: EMAPA:16148 ! future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16478 ! future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EFO:0003617 ! rhombomere
intersection_of: UBERON:0004731 ! neuromere
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
xref: XAO:0004079 ! rhombomere
property_value: external_definition "A segment of the developing hindbrain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001064", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "rhombomeres" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000672]
property_value: homology_notes "Rhombomeric segmentation is found in all living vertebrates and is of fundamental importance to the development of the vertebrate head.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000672", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1006/dbio.2002.0831 Mazet F\, Shimeld SM\, The Evolution of Chordate Neural Segmentation. Developmental Biology (2002)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus
name: renal glomerulus
def: "A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO]." [MP:0005325, Wikipedia:Glomerulus]
comment: ZFA - The multi-tissue structure where the glomerular basement membrane supported by mesonephric podocytes filters blood from the glomerular capillaries. TODO - split glomerulus and glomerular tuft? DONE. GUDMAP: 'Together, the Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle.' - here the glomerulus is part of the capsule?
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "glomerulus" BROAD []
synonym: "glomerular tuft" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "renal corpuscle" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "glomerular capillary tuft" RELATED [ZFA:0001288]
synonym: "malphigian glomerulus" RELATED [BTO:0000530]
xref: FMA:15624 ! Glomerulus
xref: MA:0001657 ! glomerulus
xref: ZFA:0001288 ! renal glomerulus
xref: BTO:0000530 ! renal glomerulus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray1130.svg/200px-Gray1130.svg.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Renal_corpuscle.svg
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.520 ! kidney glomerulus
xref: EV:0100386 ! glomerus
xref: EFO:0003667 ! renal glomerulus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001229 {source="MA"} ! renal corpuscle
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001230 ! glomerular capsule
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005749 ! glomerular tuft
created_by: Melissa Haendel
creation_date: 2009-06-18T09:26:37Z
xref: ncithesaurus:Glomerulus ! Glomerulus
xref: TAO:0001288 ! renal glomeruli
synonym: "glomerulus renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Glomerulus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray1130.svg
xref: SCTID:362217000 ! Entire glomerulus
synonym: "renal glomeruli" EXACT [TAO:0001288]
xref: UMLS:C0022663

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005749 ! glomerular tuft
name: glomerular tuft
def: "the capillary loops of the kidney that normally function as a filtration unit[MP]. ...Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus[GudMap]." [MP:0005325, Wikipedia:Glomerulus, http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
synonym: "glomerulus" RELATED INCONSISTENT [EMAPA:28239]
synonym: "glomerular capillary tuft" RELATED []
xref: EMAPA:28239 ! glomerular tuft
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001230 ! glomerular capsule
relationship: has_function_in GO:0003094 ! glomerular filtration
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {source="Wikipedia"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
xref: SCTID:362217000 ! Entire glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004736
name: metanephric glomerulus
def: "glomerulus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros." [GO:0072224]
synonym: "glomerulus of metanephros" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0001242 ! metanephric glomerulus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000077
name: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
def: "An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000078
name: mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
def: "An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004119
name: endoderm-derived structure
def: "An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Grouping term for query purposes
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004120 ! mesoderm-derived structure
name: mesoderm-derived structure
def: "An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Grouping term for query purposes
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004121
name: ectoderm-derived structure
def: "An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Grouping term for query purposes
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010313
name: neural crest-derived structure
def: "An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Grouping term for query purposes
subset: grouping_class  ! Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010314
name: structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
def: "An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Grouping term for query purposes
subset: grouping_class  ! Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010317
name: obsolete germ layer / neural crest derived structure
comment: Grouping term for query purposes
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000079
name: male reproductive system
def: "the organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa." [MP:0001145]
synonym: "male genital system" EXACT [FMA:45664]
synonym: "male genitals" EXACT []
synonym: "male genitalia" EXACT []
synonym: "genitalia of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male reproductive tract" RELATED [MA:0000396]
synonym: "male genital organ" RELATED [BTO:0000082]
synonym: "systema genitale masculinum" RELATED [BTO:0000082]
xref: BTO:0000082
xref: FBbt:00004927 ! male reproductive system
xref: HAO:0000505 ! male genitalia
xref: VHOG:0000725 ! male reproductive system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: GAID:386 ! male genitalia
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! male reproductive system
xref: FMA:45664 ! Male genital system
xref: EHDAA2:0001054 ! male reproductive system
xref: MA:0000396 ! male reproductive system
xref: ncithesaurus:Male_Reproductive_System ! Male Reproductive System
xref: ncithesaurus:Male_Genitalia ! male genitalia
xref: EFO:0000970 ! male reproductive system
xref: XAO:0000155 ! male genitalia
xref: TGMA:0000634 ! male genitalia
xref: EMAPA:17968 ! male reproductive system
xref: MESH:A05.360.444 ! male genitalia
xref: EHDAA:8136 ! male
xref: EV:0100101 ! male reproductive system
xref: WBbt:0008423 ! male genital
is_a: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
xref: SCTID:361340001 ! Entire male genital system
property_value: homology_notes "By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000725", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0792383369 Lombardi J\, Comparative vertebrate reproduction (1998) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0017422
xref: UMLS:C1963704

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000080
name: mesonephros
def: "In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney[GO]. One of three excretory organs that develop in vertebrates. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary kidney in higher vertebrates. composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo." [GO:0001823, Wikipedia:Mesonephros]
comment: By contrast to the pronephros, the histological features of the mesonephros, with its primitive glomeruli, suggest that it probably functions as a primitive kidney, and is involved in the production of much of the amniotic fluid. Within the two mesonephroi, one located on either side of the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut, a substantial number (in the region of about 40 or more) of cranio-caudally segmented mesonephric tubules are formed. It has, however, been suggested that only the most rostrally located 4-6 pairs of mesonephric tubules drain into the mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. This is now seen to extend along the length of the mesonephroi, being located towards their lateral sides. The mesonephros is also retained over a considerably longer period than the pronephros, but gradually undergoes regression in a cranio-caudal direction. While the rostral part displays clear evidence of regression its more caudal part appears to display evidence of functional activity. Within the medial part of the mesonephros, vesicles are formed, although no glomeruli are formed there in this species. It is, however, difficult to believe that the relatively enormous mesonephroi do not have an excretory role in the mouse, only serving as a base for gonadal differentiation. In the human embryo, the medial part of the mesonephric tubules enlarges, become invaginated by capillaries, and form glomeruli. These then take on an excretory role. In the mouse, the mesonephric ducts appear to be patent throughout their length[GUDMAP] comment: Taxon notes: The mesonephros persists and form the permanent kidneys in fishes and amphibians, but in reptiles, birds, and mammals, it atrophies and for the most part disappears rapidly as the permanent kidney (metanephros) begins to develop during the sixth or seventh week. By the beginning of the fifth month only the ducts and a few of the tubules of the mesonephros remain[WP]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mesonephroi" EXACT PLURAL [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
synonym: "opisthonephros" RELATED [XAO:0000141, VHOG:0000038]
synonym: "opistonephros" RELATED [http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio/courses/bio205/bio205_26_sex.html]
synonym: "opisto nephros" RELATED []
synonym: "Wolffian body" EXACT  [BTO:0001542, GOC:yaf, MESH:A16.254.500, Wikipedia:Mesonephros]
synonym: "mesonephric kidney" EXACT [XAO:0000141]
xref: EFO:0000928 ! mesonephros
xref: FMA:72171 ! Mesonephros
xref: VHOG:0000038 ! mesonephros
xref: ZFA:0000529 ! kidney
xref: TAO:0000529 ! kidney
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesonephros ! Mesonephros
xref: GAID:1308 ! mesonephros
xref: EHDAA:1581 ! mesonephros
xref: EHDAA:5903 ! mesonephros
xref: EHDAA2:0001130 ! mesonephros
xref: XAO:0000141 ! mesonephric kidney
xref: AAO:0010384 ! mesonephric kidney
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gray986.png/200px-Gray986.png
xref: BTO:0001542 ! mesonephron
xref: EMAPA:17369  ! mesonephros
xref: EMAPA:16744 ! mesonephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:27644 ! mesonephros of reproductive system
xref: MESH:A16.254.500 ! mesonephros
is_a: UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: SCTID:308799002 ! Entire mesonephros
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Gray986.png
property_value: external_definition "Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010384", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the middle region of the nephric ridge; a transient embryonic stage that replaces the pronephros, but is itself replaced by the adult metanephros [in mammals; in fishes and amphibians it is the adult kidney]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000038", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates. (...) In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000038", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mesonephric" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0025492

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
name: metanephros
def: "In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]. During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter. As the cranial end of the bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it undergoes a series of branchings to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It also forms the major and minor calyces and the renal pelvis." [GO:0001656, Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros]
comment: TODO check developmental relationships
synonym: "metanephron" EXACT [BTO:0001543]
synonym: "definite kidney" RELATED [BTO:0001543]
synonym: "definitive kidney" RELATED [BTO:0001543]
synonym: "hind kidney" RELATED [BTO:0001543]
xref: FMA:72172 ! Metanephros
xref: VHOG:0000039 ! metanephros
xref: BTO:0001543 ! metanephron
xref: ncithesaurus:Metanephros ! Metanephros
xref: EHDAA:3089 ! metanephros
xref: EHDAA:5911 ! metanephros
xref: EHDAA2:0001137 ! metanephros
xref: EMAPA:17207 ! metanephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:17373 ! metanephros of urinary system
is_a: UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0000080 {source="ISBN:9780878932504"} ! mesonephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005753 ! caudal part of nephrogenic cord
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005080 {source="GO"} ! metanephric ureteric bud
xref: SCTID:308797000 ! Entire metanephros
subset: organ_slim
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {evidence="definitional"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
synonym: "metanephric kidney" RELATED [VHOG:0000039]
property_value: external_definition "A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the posterior region of the nephric ridge and drained by a ureter; replaces the embryonic pronephros and mesonephros [in mammals]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000039", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000039", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.543", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "metanephric" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0231049

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000084
name: ureteric bud
def: "a protrusion from the mesonephric duct during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It later develops into the adult kidney, except for the nephrons, which, in contrast, originate from the metanephric blastema[WP]. epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP]" [Wikipedia:Ureteric_bud, MP:0010979, PMID:19828308, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=36855&atid=440764]
synonym: "metanephric diverticulum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros]
synonym: "diverticulum" RELATED [BTO:0001646]
synonym: "metanephric bud" RELATED [BTO:0001646]
synonym: "ureteric ampulla" RELATED []
synonym: "gemma ureterica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ureteric_bud]
synonym: "diverticulum metanephricum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ureteric_bud]
synonym: "ureteric diverticulum" RELATED [VHOG:0000541]
xref: VHOG:0000541 ! ureteric bud
xref: BTO:0001646 ! ureteric bud
xref: EHDAA:3091 ! ureteric bud
xref: EHDAA:5917 ! ureteric bud
xref: EHDAA2:0002140 ! ureteric bud
xref: EMAPA:17209 ! ureteric bud of metanephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:17376 ! ureteric bud of metanephros of urinary system
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003074 ! mesonephric duct
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003074 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesonephric duct
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0003220 {source="ISBN:9780878932504"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
xref: ncithesaurus:Metanephric_Diverticulum ! Metanephric Diverticulum
xref: SCTID:361528000 ! Ureteric bud
property_value: external_definition "Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. [Embryology, See_Dudek_RW_and_Fix_JD, Third_Edition_(2004)_Philadelphia:_Lippincott_William_and_Wilkins, p.137][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000541", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000541", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.543", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1284058

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006364
name: ureteric bud tip
def: "The terminal end of the ureteric tree; the ureteric tip cells are proliferating immature cells located at the branching points that induce the adjacent cap mesenchyme to undergo nephrogenesis." [http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Ureteric_tip.html, MP:0011760]
comment: Editor note: MA placement to be checked
synonym: "ureteric bud ampulla" RELATED [MP:0011760]
synonym: "ureteric ampulla" RELATED [MP:0011760]
xref: MA:0002601 ! ureteric tip
xref: EMAPA:27605 ! ureteric tip of ureteric bud of metanephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:27625 ! ureteric tip of ureteric bud of metanephros of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:27694 ! ureteric tip of primitive collecting duct
xref: EMAPA:27749 ! ureteric tip of collecting duct
is_a: UBERON:0007499 ! epithelial sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud
xref: http://www.gudmap.org/Images/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Slide10.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012238
name: ureteric bud trunk
def: "ureteric bud cells that elongate to form a rigid structure (stalk) consisting of polarized epithelial cells without branching;  the stalks differentiate into the collecting system of the mature kidney, while the tip cells interact with the adjacent cells of the metanephric mesenchyme, inducing their conversion into nephrons." [MP:0011761]
synonym: "ureteric stalk" RELATED [EMAPA:27608]
synonym: "ureteric trunk" RELATED [EMAPA:27608]
synonym: "ureteric bud stalk" RELATED [MP:0011761]
is_a: UBERON:0010137 ! polarized epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud
xref: EMAPA:27608 ! ureteric trunk
xref: EMAPA:27627 ! ureteric stalk
xref: EMAPA:27697 ! ureteric trunk
xref: EMAPA:28405 ! ureteric trunk
xref: EMAPA:28494 ! ureteric trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005080 ! metanephric ureteric bud
name: metanephric ureteric bud
def: "the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0035502, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=36855&atid=440764]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005081 ! ureter ureteric bud
name: ureter ureteric bud
def: "The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]." [GO:0035503]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000056 ! ureter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000082
name: adult mammalian kidney
is_a: UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005760
name: urorectal septum
def: "The ridge of mesoderm covered with endoderm that in the early developing embryo partitions the endodermal cloaca into the primary urogenital sinus (ventrally) and the anorectal canal of the hindgut (dorsally); the urorectal septum eventually fuses with the cloacal membrane, dividing it into a dorsal anal membrane and a larger ventral urogenital membrane - this area of fusion is represented in the adult by the perineal body[MP]." [Wikipedia:Urorectal_septum, MP:anna]
comment: Editor notes: todo - use to define cloacal septation in GO
synonym: "urorectal fold" EXACT [MP:anna]
synonym: "urorectal membrane" EXACT [MP:anna]
synonym: "cloacal septum" RELATED [VHOG:0000018]
synonym: "septum urorectale" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Urorectal_septum]
xref: Wikipedia:Urorectal_septum ! urorectal septum
xref: VHOG:0000018 ! urorectal septum
xref: EMAPA:17380 ! urorectal septum of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:17212 ! urorectal septum of genitourinary system
xref: EHDAA:5921 ! urorectal septum
xref: EHDAA2:0002152 ! urorectal septum
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012361 {source="EHDAA2"} ! internal anal region
xref: ncithesaurus:Urorectal_Septum ! Urorectal Septum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray992.png
property_value: external_definition "A ridge of mesoderm covered with endoderm that in the early developing embryo divides the endodermal cloaca into the urogenital sinus and the rectum. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000018", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/urorectal+septum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In mammals the lowly monotremes still have a cloaca. Higher types have done away with this structure and have a separate anal outlet for the rectum. The monotreme cloaca shows the initiation of this subdivision. The cloaca has such includes only the distal part, roughly comparable to the proctodeum. The more proximal part is divided into (1) a large dorsal passage into which the intestine opens, the coprodeum, and (2) a ventral portion, the urodeum with which the bladder connects. (...) the development of the placental mammals recapitulates in many respects the phylogenetic story. In the sexually indifferent stage of placental mammal there is a cloaca. While the indifferent stage still persists, a septum develops, and extends out to the closing membrane. This divides the cloaca into two chambers: a coprodeum continuous with the gut above, and a urodeum or urogenital sinus below.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000018", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS\, Vertebrate body (1970) p.388-89 and Figure 300", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1519838

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000083
name: mesonephric tubule
def: "A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]." [Wikipedia:Mesonephric_tubules]
comment: TODO check
xref: VHOG:0000500 ! mesonephric tubule
xref: XAO:0000148 ! mesonephric tubule
xref: EMAPA:27588 ! mesonephric tubule of mesonephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:27659 ! mesonephric tubule of mesonephros of reproductive system
xref: EHDAA2:0001134 ! mesonephros tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
xref: AAO:0010389 ! mesonephric tubule
synonym: "tubuli mesonephrici" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mesonephric_tubules]
synonym: "renal tubules" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000500]
property_value: external_definition "Any of the renal tubules composing the mesonephros. In mammals they function as excretory structures during the early embryonic development but are later incorporated into the reproductive system. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000500", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesonephric+tubule", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000500", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000086
name: zona pellucida
def: "A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes." [Wikipedia:Zona_pellucida]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vitelline membrane" RELATED []
synonym: "vitelline envelope" RELATED []
synonym: "oolemma" RELATED [BTO:0003135]
synonym: "pellucid zone" RELATED [BTO:0003135]
synonym: "striated membrane" RELATED [BTO:0003135]
synonym: "zona radiata" RELATED [BTO:0003135]
synonym: "zona striata" RELATED [BTO:0003135]
xref: EHDAA:31 ! zona pellucida
xref: EHDAA:62 ! zona pellucida
xref: GAID:410 ! zona pellucida
xref: MA:0001715 ! zona pellucida
xref: FMA:18674 ! Zona pellucida
xref: ncithesaurus:Zona_Pellucida ! Zona Pellucida
xref: BTO:0003135 ! zona pellucida
xref: EHDAA2:0002220 ! zona pellucida
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray3.png/200px-Gray3.png
xref: EMAPA:16035 ! zona pellucida of mouse
xref: EMAPA:16049 ! zona pellucida of extraembryonic component
xref: MESH:A05.360.490.690.950 ! zona pellucida
xref: ZFA:0001111 ! zona radiata
xref: VHOG:0000720 ! zona pellucida - vitelline membrane (also: UBERON:0003125 'vitelline membrane')
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: surrounds CL:0000023 ! oocyte
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
xref: TAO:0001111 ! zona radiata
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray3.png
synonym: "zona pellucida - vitelline membrane" BROAD [VHOG:0000720]
property_value: homology_notes "Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000720", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.159", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0043519

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005764
name: acellular membrane
xref: FMA:63871 ! Acellular membrane
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005769
name: basement membrane
comment: we include this even though it is redundant with GO because we have subclasses that are appropriate for an ontology of gross anatomy
synonym: "Basement membrane of connective tissue" EXACT [FMA:63872]
synonym: "basal lamina" RELATED [GAID:915]
synonym: "basement lamina" RELATED [GAID:915]
xref: FMA:63872 ! Basement membrane
xref: GAID:915 ! basement membrane 
xref: GO:0005604 ! basement membrane
is_a: UBERON:0005764 ! acellular membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Basement_Membrane ! Basement Membrane
xref: AAO:0010596 ! basement membrane
xref: SCTID:68989006 ! Basement membrane
xref: UMLS:C0004799

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004749
name: blastodisc
def: "a small, circular, white spot (approximately 2-3 mm across) on the surface of the yellow yolk of an egg that has been laid. The nucleus of the egg is in the germinal disc." [Wikipedia:Germinal_disc]
synonym: "germinal disc" EXACT [Wikipedia:Germinal_disc]
xref: AAO:0000043 ! blastodisc
xref: ZFA:0001175 ! blastodisc
xref: BTO:0000494 ! germinal disc
xref: BTO:0001504 ! blastodisc
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
xref: TAO:0001175 ! blastodisc

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004750
name: blastoderm
def: "A layer of cells formed at one pole of macrolecithal eggs such as the yolky egg of birds. The yolk prevents the division from taking place through the egg, resulting in meroblastic cleavage during the many cleavage divisions. At the animal pole (containing less yolk than the vegetal pole), the zygote divides and subdivides, forming the blastoderm, which gradually spreads around the yolk and forms the embryo. The blastoderm is composed of two layers, the epiblast and the hypoblast, which enclose the fluid-filled blastocoel cavity." [Wikipedia:Blastoderm]
xref: AAO:0000042 ! blastoderm
xref: ZFA:0001176 ! blastoderm
xref: BTO:0000126 ! blastoderm
xref: MESH:A16.254.085.067 ! blastoderm
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002532 ! epiblast
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000089 ! hypoblast
relationship: has_part CL:0000353 ! blastoderm cell
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004749 ! blastodisc
xref: TAO:0001176 ! blastoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000085
name: morula
def: "An embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of cells (called blastomeres) in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida[WP] The compacted embryo before cavity formation." [Wikipedia:Morula]
comment: EHDAA2 has embryo starting later
synonym: "morula (2-16 cells)" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000005]
xref: ncithesaurus:Morula ! Morula
xref: BTO:0001508 ! morula
xref: GAID:1295 ! morula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/200px-Blastulation.png
xref: MESH:A16.254.270.550 ! morula
xref: XAO:1000029 ! NF stage 6.5
xref: EHDAA2:0000005 ! morula (2-16 cells)
is_a: UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004716 {source="EHDAA2"} ! conceptus
relationship: has_part CL:0000353 ! blastoderm cell
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0000086 ! zona pellucida
xref: SCTID:361474003 ! Morula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png
xref: UMLS:C0026573

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000358
name: blastocyst
def: "The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]." [GO:0001824, Wikipedia:Blastocyst]
comment: Editor's note: Gilbert fig11.32 has blastocyst has giving rise to ICM and trophoblast (which in this source is a synonym for trophectoderm)
synonym: "blastula" RELATED [FMA:83041]
xref: BTO:0001099
xref: EFO:0000295
xref: FMA:83041 ! Blastocyst
xref: ncithesaurus:Blastocyst ! Blastocyst
xref: GAID:1153 ! blastocyst
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg/200px-Blastocyst_English.svg.png
xref: MESH:A16.254.085 ! blastocyst
xref: EV:0100394 ! blastocyst
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000087 ! inner cell mass
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000088 ! trophoblast
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000307 ! blastula
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32525 ! Theria
relationship: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0000108 ! blastula stage
xref: SCTID:308837009 ! Entire blastocyst
synonym: "blastocystis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Blastocyst]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg
xref: UMLS:C1281743

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000087
name: inner cell mass
def: "Mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus. This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred. The ICM lies within the blastocoele (more correctly termed \'blastocyst cavity\', as it is not strictly homologous to the blastocoele of anamniote vertebrates) and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast." [Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass]
synonym: "embryoblast" RELATED []
synonym: "pluriblast" RELATED []
xref: EFO:0000547
xref: VHOG:0000742 ! inner cell mass
xref: FMA:86557 ! Inner cell mass
xref: ncithesaurus:Inner_Cell_Mass ! Inner Cell Mass
xref: EHDAA:40 ! inner cell mass
xref: EHDAA2:0000830 ! inner cell mass
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg/200px-Blastocyst_English.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:16041 ! inner cell mass
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000085 {source="EHDAA2"} ! morula
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000358 {source="Wikipedia"} ! blastocyst
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0000088 ! trophoblast
subset: early_development
xref: SCTID:361456007 ! Inner cell mass
synonym: "embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg
synonym: "ICM" RELATED [VHOG:0000742]
property_value: external_definition "A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000742", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast  (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000742", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.144", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1283994

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000088
name: trophoblast
def: "Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg." [Wikipedia:Trophoblast]
comment: Development notes: The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta[PMID:19829370]
synonym: "trophoblast layer" RELATED [MP:0005031]
synonym: "trophoderm" RELATED [BTO:0001079]
synonym: "trophoblastus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trophoblast]
synonym: "massa cellularis externa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trophoblast]
xref: BTO:0001079
xref: FMA:83029 ! Trophoblast
xref: GAID:1152 ! trophoblast
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg/200px-Blastocyst_English.svg.png
xref: MESH:A11.936 ! trophoblast
xref: EV:0100120 ! trophoblast
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000358 ! blastocyst
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000351 ! trophoblast cell
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004345 {source="MP-def", source="PMID:19829370"} ! trophectoderm
subset: early_development
xref: SCTID:362839005 ! Entire trophoblast
xref: ncithesaurus:Trophoblast ! trophoblast
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Blastocyst_English.svg
property_value: external_definition "the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta[MP]" xsd:string {ontology="MP", external_class="MP:0005031", external_class_label="trophoblast layer", date_retrieved="2012-08-23", source="ISBN:0-683-40008-8"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "trophoblastic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0041178

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004345 ! trophectoderm
name: trophectoderm
def: "outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition" [MP:0005028]
comment: Editor notes: distinction between trophectoderm and trophoblast unclear/inconsistent in many sources. AO notes: BTO has this has part of the trophoblast
xref: EMAPA:16046 ! trophectoderm
xref: BTO:0001840 ! trophectoderm
xref: VHOG:0000979 ! trophectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0002091 ! trophectoderm
xref: EHDAA:56 ! trophectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000085 {source="EHDAA2"} ! morula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005631 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic membrane
relationship: has_part CL:1000274 ! trophectodermal cell
subset: early_development
property_value: external_definition "The outer cellular layer of the mammalian blastocyst. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.750, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000979", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000979", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676685 Romer AS\, Parsons TS\, Vertebrate body (1977) p.105-106", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "trophectodermal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006280
name: polar trophectoderm
def: "Trophectoderm that surrounds the inner cell mass (ICM)." [PMID:16341078]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16048 ! polar trophectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001484 ! polar trophectoderm
xref: VHOG:0000980 ! polar trophectoderm
xref: EHDAA:60 ! polar trophectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004345 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trophectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004345 {source="EMAPA"} ! trophectoderm
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000087 ! inner cell mass
subset: early_development
synonym: "polar trophoblast" RELATED [VHOG:0000980]
property_value: external_definition "The part of the trophectoderm overlying the inner cell mass. [See_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.10][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000980", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000980", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676685 Romer AS\, Parsons TS\, Vertebrate body (1977) p.105-106", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006265
name: mural trophectoderm
def: "Trophectoderm that surrounds blastocyst cavity." [PMID:16341078]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16047 ! mural trophectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001206 ! mural trophectoderm
xref: VHOG:0000597 ! mural trophectoderm
xref: EHDAA:58 ! mural trophectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004345 {source="EMAPA"} ! trophectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004345 ! trophectoderm
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000090 ! blastocele
subset: early_development
synonym: "mural trophoblast" RELATED [VHOG:0000597]
property_value: external_definition "The part of the trophectoderm which surrounds the blastocoelic cavity. [See_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.10][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000597", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000597", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676685 Romer AS\, Parsons T\, Vertebrate body (1977) p.105-106", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000089
name: hypoblast (generic)
def: "." [Wikipedia:Hypoblast, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3560500&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
comment: this term groups together disparate structures with different relationships. TODO - consider relationship to UBERON:0000091 ! bilaminar disc
subset: grouping_class
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mesendoderm" RELATED [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]
synonym: "hypoblastus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hypoblast]
synonym: "endomesoderm" RELATED  [VHOG:0001222]
synonym: "hypoblast" EXACT [VHOG:0001222]
xref: AAO:0000229 ! hypoblast
xref: VHOG:0001222 ! hypoblast
xref: MAT:0000418 ! hypoblast
xref: MIAA:0000418 ! hypoblast
xref: TAO:0000117 ! hypoblast
xref: XAO:0003044 ! endomesoderm
xref: ZFA:0000117 ! hypoblast
xref: ncithesaurus:Hypoblast ! Hypoblast
xref: EFO:0001930 ! hypoblast
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Cell_differentiation_gastrula.PNG
xref: BTO:0003953 ! endomesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004750 ! blastoderm
subset: early_development
xref: AAO:0010619 ! endomesoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray21.png
property_value: external_definition "A primary germ layer that can give rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010619", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "The inner of the two layers of the blastoderm that forms during gastrulation and give rise to the definitive mesoderm and endoderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000117", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In mammal and avian, extraembryonic endoderm such as visceral endoderm and hypoblast play essential roles in the embryonic axis formation and germ layer development. These extraembryonic tissues are generally considered to have been created in ancestral amniotes evolved from the Xenopus-type ancestor (reference 1); The endomesoderm secretes as yet unidentified signals that posteriorize the ectoderm, which would otherwise adopt an anterior fate. Our results point to a conserved function at the base of deuterostomes for beta-catenin in germ layer specification and to a causal link in the definition of the posterior part of the embryonic ectoderm by way of activating posteriorizing endomesodermal factors (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001222", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.543 Takeuchi M\, Takahashi M\, Okabe M\, Aizawa S\, Germ layer patterning in bichir and lamprey; an insight into its evolution in vertebrates. Developmental Biology (2009) (reference 1)\, Darras S\, Gerhart J\, Terasaki M\, Kirschner M\, Lowe CJ\, Beta-catenin specifies the endomesoderm and defines the posterior organizer of the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii. Development (2011) (reference 2)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1512561

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008776
name: inner cell mass derived hypoblast
alt_id: UBERON:0000417
alt_id: UBERON:0003226
alt_id: UBERON:0003225
def: "The hypoblast is a tissue type that forms from the inner cell mass. It lies beneath the epiblast and consists of small cuboidal cells. Extraembryonic endoderm is derived from hypoblast." [Wikipedia:Hypoblast]
comment: Note this inherits the taxon constraint to Theria; this may be too conservative
synonym: "hypoblast" RELATED SENSU [ISBN:9780878932504, GO:0090008, VHOG:0001222]
synonym: "primary endoderm" RELATED [MP:0011185]
synonym: "primitive endoderm" EXACT [ISBN:9780878932504, MP:0011185]
synonym: "visceral endoderm" RELATED [ISBN:9780878932504]
is_a: UBERON:0000089 ! hypoblast
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002532 ! epiblast
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000087 {source="Wikipedia"} ! inner cell mass
xref: EHDAA2:0000796 ! hypoblast
xref: BTO:0002123
xref: FMA:85520 ! Primitive endoderm
xref: EHDAA:44 ! primitive endoderm
xref: EHDAA:79 ! primitive endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16051 ! primitive endoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16063 ! primitive endoderm of endoderm of embryo
subset: early_development

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004046
name: anterior definitive endoderm
def: "the mesendoderm which first migrates from the node and which gives rise to the gut" [MP:0008926]
comment: TODO - check
is_a: UBERON:0000089 ! hypoblast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008800
name: parietal endoderm
synonym: "distal endoderm" RELATED [EMAPA:16053]
def: "primitive endoderm-derived tissue that lines the luminal surface of the mural trophectoderm[MP]" [PMID:19201946, MP:0011187]
xref: EMAPA:16053 ! parietal endoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008780 {source="MP"} ! inner cell mass derived epiblast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004877
name: visceral endoderm
def: "Visceral endoderm, a population of extraembyonic endoderm, is an extraembryonic tissue that functions in a regulatory capacity but does not contribute directly to the formation of any adult organs[PMID:15905405]. primitive endoderm-derived tissue which remains in contact with and surrounds the extra-embryonic ectoderm and the epiblast and provides signals for the differentiation and patterning of the epiblast; a small number of visceral endoderm cells also contribute to the endoderm of the embryonic gut[MP]." [PMID:15905405, MP:0011186]
comment: Note: Gilbert uses visceral endoderm as a synonym for primitive endoderm/hypoblast
xref: EMAPA:16058 ! visceral endoderm
xref: BTO:0003487 ! visceral endoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005292 {source="BTO"} ! extraembryonic tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004044
name: anterior visceral endoderm
def: "the extraembryonic tissue that is responsible for the proper orientation of the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo and for appropriate patterning of adjacent embryonic tissue" [MP:0008533]
comment: see also primitive streak
synonym: "AVE" RELATED [BTO:0003361]
xref: BTO:0003361 ! anterior visceral endoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004878
name: distal visceral endoderm
def: "precursors of the anterior visceral endoderm that arises at the distal tip of the embryo[MP]" [MP:0010126]
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008945
name: extraembryonic endoderm
def: "An extraembryonic epithelium that is formed by the delaminated cells of the primitive endoderm (hypoblast) that goes on to form the yolk sac. In mammals, as in avians, these cells do not produce any part of the newborn organism (i.e. they are extraembryonic)" [http://www.ana.ed.ac.uk/database/humat/notes/extraemb/mesoder.htm, ISBN:9780878932504, UBERON:cjm]
comment: The origin of extraembryonic endoderm is a highly controversial issue // forms the yolk sac (Gilbert)
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008776 {source="EHDAA2", source="ISBN:9780878932504", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! inner cell mass derived hypoblast
xref: EHDAA:105 ! extraembryonic endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000473 ! extraembryonic endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16052 ! endoderm of extraembryonic component

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005728
name: extraembryonic mesoderm
def: "." [http://www.ana.ed.ac.uk/database/humat/notes/extraemb/mesoder.htm]
synonym: "extra-embryonic mesoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "extraembryonic mesenchyme" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000474 ! extraembryonic mesoderm
xref: VHOG:0000616 ! extraembryonic mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008780 {source="EHDAA2"} ! inner cell mass derived epiblast
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003081 ! lateral plate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004366
name: extraembryonic ectoderm
comment: Editor note: we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk—the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion.
def: "layer of the endoderm of the extraembryonic tissue." [MP:0002583]
xref: EMAPA:16065 ! ectoderm of extraembryonic component
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="cjm"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000090 ! blastocele
name: blastocele
def: "fluid-filled central region of a blastocyst. A blastocoele forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis." [Wikipedia:Blastocele]
synonym: "blastocoele" EXACT []
synonym: "blastocyst cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "cleavage cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "segmentation cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "blastocoelic cavity" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000175]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blastocyst.gif/200px-Blastocyst.gif
xref: EMAPA:16044 ! blastocoelic cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0000175 ! blastocoelic cavity
xref: XAO:0000294 ! blastocoel
xref: VHOG:0000811 ! blastocoelic cavity
xref: EHDAA:50 ! blastocoelic cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0002532 ! epiblast
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="http://zfin.org/zf_info/zfbook/stages/gast.html"} ! Danio rerio
subset: early_development
xref: AAO:0010433 ! blastocoel
xref: SCTID:361455006 ! Blastocyst cavity
property_value: external_definition "A blastocoel forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis. The blastocoel is the cavity of the blastula, a closed space which is invaded by early mesenchyme and later obliterated by the enlarging archenteron.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010433", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0", source="ISBN:0815318960"}
synonym: "blastocoel" RELATED [VHOG:0000811]
property_value: external_definition "The cavity inside the blastula. [The_evolution_of_organ_systems_(2007)_Oxford:_Oxford_University_Press, p.150, see_Schmidt-Rhaesa_A][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000811", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In the development of many animals, a hollow blastula stage is formed during early embryogenesis. Such a hollow blastula is even regarded as an autapomorphy of Metazoa and is present already in some sponges.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000811", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.150", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000091
name: bilaminar disc
def: "the epiblast and the hypoblast, evolved from the embryoblast" [Wikipedia:Bilaminar_disc]
synonym: "bilaminary embryonic disc" EXACT []
synonym: "bilaminary germ disc" EXACT [ISBN:9780878932504]
synonym: "bilaminar disk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bilaminar_disc]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gray21.png/200px-Gray21.png
xref: ncithesaurus:Bilaminar_Embryonic_Disc ! Bilaminar Embryonic Disc
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000087 {source="Wikipedia"} ! inner cell mass
subset: early_development
xref: UMLS:C1283997

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000093
name: sulcus
def: "a depression or fissure in the surface of an organ." [Wikipedia:Sulcus_(anatomy)]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
subset: grouping_class
subset: non_informative
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-09T06:23:22Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013118
name: sulcus of brain
def: "a depression or fissure in the surface of the brain. It surrounds the gyri, creating the characteristic appearance of the brain in humans and other large mammals." [Wikipedia:Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)]
synonym: "fissure of brain" NARROW [Wikipedia:Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000094
name: membrane organ
def: "Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]" [FMA:7145]
synonym: "membrane of organ" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7145 ! Membrane organ
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000095 ! cardiac neural crest
name: cardiac neural crest
def: "portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]" [Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest]
comment: AO notes - ZFA treats this as a subtype of NC. 
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac neural crest complex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest]
synonym: "complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest]
xref: ZFA:0001648 ! cardiac neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005428 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vagal neural crest
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-07-30T07:57:38Z
xref: XAO:0004190 ! cardiac neural crest
xref: TAO:0002173 ! cardiac neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005428 ! vagal neural crest
name: vagal neural crest
def: "Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives[ZFA]." [ZFIN:curator]
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "post-otic neural crest" EXACT [ZFA:0000818]
xref: EHDAA2:0002156 ! vagal neural crest
xref: EHDAA:669 ! vagal neural crest
xref: VHOG:0001208 ! vagal neural crest 
xref: TAO:0000818 ! vagal neural crest
xref: ZFA:0000818 ! vagal neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
xref: XAO:0004191 ! vagal neural crest
property_value: external_definition "Vagal neural crest is adjacent to the first seven somites gives rise to both ganglionic and ectomesenchymal derivatives.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000818", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001208", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000101
name: lobe of lung
def: "A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO]." [GOC:GO]
synonym: "lung lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "pulminory lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "pulmonary lobe" EXACT [FMA:7311]
xref: FMA:7311 ! Lobe of lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lung_Lobe ! Lung Lobe
xref: galen:LobeOfLung ! lobe of lung
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvo6-vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lung lobe
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
xref: SCTID:245524004 ! Entire lobe of lung
xref: UMLS:C0225752

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000102
name: lung vasculature
def: "The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO]." [GOC:GO]
synonym: "lung vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasculature of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pulmonary vasculature" EXACT [FMA:73750]
xref: FMA:73750 ! Vasculature of lung
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000103
name: life cycle stage boundary
def: "Instant starting or ending a life cycle stage. These can be arbitrary/fiat." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: upper_level
synonym: "life cycle stage transition event" EXACT []
synonym: "life cycle stage transition instant" EXACT []
xref: span:ProcessBoundary
is_a: UBERON:0000000 ! processual entity
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000104
name: life cycle
def: "An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: upper_level
synonym: "life" EXACT []
synonym: "lifespan" EXACT []
xref: FBdv_root:00000000
xref: OGES:000011
xref: MmusDv:0000000
xref: HsapDv:0000000
xref: ncithesaurus:Life ! Life
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000105
name: life cycle stage
def: "A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage
subset: upper_level
synonym: "developmental stage" EXACT []
synonym: "stage" NARROW []
xref: BILS:0000105
xref: EFO:0000399
xref: XAO:1000000 ! Xenopus developmental stage
xref: ZFS:0100000 ! zebrafish stage
xref: ZFS:0000000 ! Unknown
xref: WBls:0000002 ! all stages
xref: OlatDv:0000010
xref: MmusDv:0000001 ! mouse life cycle
xref: ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage ! Developmental Stage
is_a: UBERON:0000000 ! processual entity
relationship: has_end UBERON:0000103 ! life cycle stage boundary
relationship: has_start UBERON:0000103 ! life cycle stage boundary

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000106
name: zygote stage
def: "A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction." [Wikipedia:Zygote]
synonym: "one cell stage" EXACT []
synonym: "1-cell stage" EXACT []
synonym: "fertilized egg stage" EXACT [BTO:0000854]
xref: BILS:0000106
xref: ZFS:0000001 ! Zygote:1-cell
xref: VHOG:0000745 ! one-cell stage
xref: EMAPA:16033 ! one-cell stage
xref: XAO:1000001 ! NF stage 1
xref: EHDAA:27 ! one-cell stage
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: starts UBERON:0000104 ! life cycle
synonym: "zygotum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygote]
synonym: "zygote" RELATED [VHOG:0000745]
synonym: "fertilized egg stage" RELATED []
synonym: "one-cell stage" RELATED [VHOG:0000745]
property_value: homology_notes "As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000745", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.107", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: EFO:0001322 ! fertilized egg stage
xref: BilaDO:0000005 ! zygote
xref: FBdv:00005288 ! fertilized egg stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000107
name: cleavage stage
def: "The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula." [GO:0040016, Wikipedia:Cleavage_(embryo)]
xref: BILS:0000107
xref: XAO:1000004 ! cleavage stage
xref: EFO:0001290 ! cleavage stage
xref: MESH:A16.254.270 ! ovum cleavage stage
xref: OGES:000015
xref: OGES:000020
xref: BilaDO:0000006 ! cleavage
xref: MmusDv:0000004 ! cleavage
xref: ZFS:0000046 ! cleavage
intersection_of: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
intersection_of: simultaneous_with GO:0040016
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: immediately_preceded_by UBERON:0000106 ! zygote stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007232 ! 2-cell stage
name: 2 cell stage
synonym: "two-cell stage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "NF stage 2 (2-cell)" NARROW SENSU [XAO:1000011]
xref: EMAPA:16036 ! two-cell stage
xref: XAO:1000011 ! NF stage 2 (2-cell)
xref: ZFS:0000002 ! Cleavage:2-cell
xref: XtroDO:0000006 ! NF stage 2 (2-cell)
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000107 ! cleavage stage
relationship: immediately_preceded_by UBERON:0000106 ! zygote stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007233
name: 4 cell stage
synonym: "four-cell stage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "NF stage 3 (4-cell)" NARROW SENSU [XAO:1000013]
xref: ZFS:0000003 ! 
xref: XAO:1000013 ! NF stage 3 (4-cell)
xref: XtroDO:0000007 ! NF stage 3, 4-cell stage
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000107 ! cleavage stage
relationship: starts UBERON:0007234 ! 4-8 cell stage
relationship: immediately_preceded_by UBERON:0007232 ! two-cell stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007236
name: 8 cell stage
synonym: "eight-cell stage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "NF stage 4 (8-cell)" NARROW SENSU [XAO:1000014]
xref: ZFS:0000004
xref: XAO:1000014 ! NF stage 4 (8-cell)
xref: XtroDO:0000008 ! NF stage 4, 8-cell stage
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000107 ! cleavage stage
relationship: finishes UBERON:0007234 ! 4-8 cell stage
relationship: immediately_preceded_by UBERON:0007233 ! 4-cell stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007234 ! 4-8 cell stage
name: 4-8 cell stage
synonym: "four-eight cell stage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:16037 ! 4-8 cell stage
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000107 ! cleavage stage
relationship: immediately_preceded_by UBERON:0007232 ! two-cell stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000108
name: blastula stage
def: "An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence." [Wikipedia:Blastula]
xref: BILS:0000108
xref: XAO:1000003 ! blastula stage
xref: OGES:000021 ! blastula
xref: OGES:000016 ! blastula
xref: OGES:000003 ! Blastula
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg ! blastula
xref: EFO:0001282 ! blastula stage
xref: BilaDO:0000007 ! blastula
xref: MmusDv:0000007 ! blastula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/200px-Blastulation.png
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000107 ! cleavage stage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Blastulation.png
xref: HsapDv:0000006 ! blastula stage
xref: ZFS:0000045 ! blastula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000109 ! gastrula stage
name: gastrula stage
def: "A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm." [GO:0007369]
synonym: "trilaminar stage" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar disk stage" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar germ stage" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar blastoderm stage" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "blastocystis trilaminaris stage" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar blastocyst stage" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: BILS:0000109
xref: XAO:1000005 ! gastrula stage
xref: FBdv:00005317 ! gastrula stage
xref: EFO:0001296 ! gastrula stage
xref: OGES:000004
xref: OGES:000019
xref: BilaDO:0000008 ! gastrula
xref: MmusDv:0000013 ! gastrula
xref: HsapDv:0000010 ! gastrula stage
xref: ZFS:0000047 ! gastrula
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0007369
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000108 {source="BILS"} ! blastula stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004455
name: neurula embryo
alt_id: UBERON:0007013
def: "An embryo at the neurula stage." [GOC:cjm]
synonym: "neurula" EXACT [BTO:0001766]
xref: ncithesaurus:Neurula
xref: BTO:0001766 ! neurula
xref: BILA:0000061 ! neurula embryo
is_a: UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0000110 ! neurula stage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004734 ! gastrula
xref: UMLS:C1518306

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000110
name: neurula stage
def: "Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system." [GO:0001841]
xref: BILS:0000110
xref: XAO:1000006 ! neurula stage
xref: BilaDO:0000009 ! neurula
xref: MmusDv:0000016 ! neurula
xref: HsapDv:0000012 ! neurula stage
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0001841
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000109 ! gastrula stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000111
name: organogenesis stage
def: "A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism." [Wikipedia:Organogenesis]
synonym: "segmentation stage" RELATED []
xref: BILS:0000111
xref: OGES:000005
xref: OGES:000032
xref: BilaDO:0000010 ! organogenesis
xref: MmusDv:0000018 ! organogenesis
xref: HsapDv:0000015 ! organogenesis stage
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: simultaneous_with GO:0048513 ! organ development
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000110 ! neurula stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004707
name: pharyngula stage
def: "A stage that follows the blastula, gastrula and neurula stages. At the pharyngula stage, all vertebrate embryos show remarkable similarities." [Wikipedia:Pharyngula]
comment: Corresponds to E7-E11 in Mouse (Galis et al, TREE, 2001)
synonym: "phylotypic stage" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngula" RELATED []
xref: OGES:000006
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000110 ! neurula stage
xref: EFO:0001310 ! pharyngula stage
xref: DrerDO:0000052 ! Pharyngula
xref: ZFS:0000050 ! pharyngula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000066
name: fully formed stage
def: "The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both juvenile stage, and adult stage. " [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "fully formed animal stage" EXACT []
synonym: "juvenile-adult stage" EXACT []
synonym: "adult stage" BROAD []
xref: FBdv:00005369
xref: WBls:0000041 ! adult
xref: BTO:0001043 ! adult
is_a: UBERON:0000092 ! post-embryonic stage
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000111 ! organogenesis stage
xref: EFO:0001272 ! adult
xref: BilaDO:0000004 ! adult
xref: XtroDO:0000084 ! adult

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000112 ! juvenile stage
name: juvenile stage
comment: Consider renaming this to '(sexually) immature stage'; in mammals this would include infant (nourishment from lactation) and juvenile (prepubertal no longer dependent on mother)
synonym: "immature stage" EXACT [VHOG:FB]
xref: BILS:0000112
xref: XAO:1000010 ! juvenile stage
xref: ZFS:0000051 ! juvenile
xref: EFO:0001300 ! juvenile stage
xref: BTO:0002168 ! juvenile
xref: EV:0300051 ! child
xref: OGES:000009
xref: XtroDO:0000083 ! juvenile
xref: TS28 ! TS28 (P0-Adult)
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000066 ! fully formed stage
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000069 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7955", source="ZFS"} ! larval stage
property_value: external_definition "The stage of being a sexually immature adult animal[XAO:1000010]." xsd:string {source="XAO:1000010"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000113
name: post-juvenile adult stage
def: "The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "adult stage" BROAD []
xref: BILS:0000113
xref: MIAA:0000403 ! adult stage
xref: ZFS:0000044 ! adult
xref: XAO:1000009 ! adult stage
xref: EV:0300070 ! adult
xref: OGES:000026 ! adolescent
xref: OGES:000027 ! adult
xref: EV:0300064 ! adolescent
xref: MmusDv:0000039 ! adolescent
xref: MmusDv:0000040 ! adult
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000066 ! fully formed stage
relationship: preceded_by UBERON:0000112 ! juvenile stage
xref: EFO:0001272 ! adult

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007222
name: late adult stage
synonym: "geriatric stage" RELATED [EV:0300123]
synonym: "geriatric" RELATED [EV:0300123]
synonym: "elderly" RELATED [EV:0300123]
synonym: "elderly stage" RELATED [EV:0300123]
xref: EV:0300123 ! elderly
xref: NIF_Organism:birnlex_691 ! Elderly
is_a: UBERON:0000113 ! post-juvenile adult stage
xref: ncithesaurus:Elderly ! Elderly
xref: HsapDv:0000093 ! aged stage
xref: UMLS:C0001792

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007221
name: neonate stage
def: "Of or pertaining to the period of time immediately following birth, or to the newborn." [Wikipedia:Infant, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neonatal]
comment: Editor note: consider splitting infant/newborn
synonym: "neonatal stage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "infant stage" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "hatchling stage" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "nestling stage" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "fledgling stage" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "hatchling" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "newborn stage" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: BTO:0001762 ! neonate
xref: EV:0300037 ! infant
xref: NIF_Organism:birnlex_695 ! Infant
xref: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Newborn_organism
xref: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Infant_organism
xref: OGES:000025
xref: MmusDv:0000038 ! infant
xref: HsapDv:0000082 ! newborn stage
xref: HsapDv:0000083 ! infant stage
is_a: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000112 ! juvenile stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007006
name: obsolete blastomere
def: "a type of cell produced by division of the egg after fertilization." [Wikipedia:Blastomere]
consider: BILA:0000052 ! blastomere
consider: XAO:0003016 ! blastomere
consider: ZFA:0000093 ! blastomere
consider: VHOG:0001221 ! blastomere
consider: FMA:72551 ! Blastomere
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: CL:0000353

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007010
name: cleaving embryo
def: "Organism at the cleavage stage." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BILA:0000058 ! cleaving embryo
is_a: UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_ends_with UBERON:0000107 ! cleavage stage
intersection_of: existence_starts_with UBERON:0000107 ! cleavage stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007021
name: juvenile organism
def: "A multi-cellular organism that is at the juvenile stage." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "juvenile" BROAD []
xref: BILA:0000076 ! juvenile organism
is_a: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_ends_with UBERON:0000112 ! juvenile stage
intersection_of: existence_starts_with UBERON:0000112 ! juvenile stage
xref: TAO:0002047 ! juvenile
xref: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Juvenile_organism
property_value: external_definition "Whole organism that is not fully grown or sexually mature.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002047", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "juveniles" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0002047]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007023 ! adult organism
name: adult organism
synonym: "adult" BROAD []
xref: BILA:0000078 ! adult organism
xref: HAO:0000087 ! adult
xref: FBbt:00003004 ! adult
is_a: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_ends_with UBERON:0000113 ! post-juvenile adult stage
intersection_of: existence_starts_with UBERON:0000113 ! post-juvenile adult stage
xref: ncithesaurus:Adult ! Adult
xref: galen:Adult
xref: TAO:0002046 ! adult
xref: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Adult_organism
property_value: external_definition "Whole organism that is fully grown or sexually mature.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002046", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "adults" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0002046]
def: "A multi-cellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0001675

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011942 ! adult human
name: obsolete adult human
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009953 ! post-embryonic organism
name: post-embryonic organism
synonym: "post-natal organism" NARROW [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "post-hatching organism" NARROW [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_with UBERON:0000092 ! post-embryonic stage
xref: MA:0002405 ! postnatal mouse
synonym: "postnatal mouse" NARROW [MA:0002405]
synonym: "TS28 mouse" NARROW [MA:0002405]
def: "A multi-cellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009096
name: gravid stage
comment: Obsoleted as the gravid stage is not a life cycle stage. A similar term may be recreated when we have stages specific to structures such as the uterus
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0009097

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009097
name: gravid organism
def: "An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body." [BTO:0004733]
synonym: "pregnant organism" RELATED  []
synonym: "gravid" RELATED  [BTO:0004733]
synonym: "pregnant stage" RELATED  [BTO:0004733]
synonym: "pregnant adult stage" RELATED  [BTO:0004733]
intersection_of: UBERON:0007023 ! adult organism
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: participates_in GO:0007565 ! female pregnancy
xref: BTO:0004733 ! gravid adult

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000114
name: lung connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lung portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lung textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lung interstitial tissue" RELATED [MA:0001782]
xref: MA:0001782 ! lung connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
xref: SCTID:201609008 ! Entire interstitial tissue of lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000115
name: lung epithelium
def: "the epithelial layer of the lung." [MP:0006382]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lung epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pulmonary epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0001653]
xref: MA:0001783 ! lung epithelium
xref: BTO:0001653 ! lung epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001041 ! foregut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000116
name: lung saccule
def: "Primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells[GO]." [GO:0060430]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002299 {source="GO"} ! alveolus of lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006859
name: swim bladder bud
def: "Embryonic structure that forms from the anterior gut epithelium at the level of the second somite that then matures to form the swim bladder." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-090511-18, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-100202-11]
xref: TAO:0005335 ! swim bladder bud
xref: ZFA:0005335 ! swim bladder bud
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000119
name: cell layer
def: "Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of cells connected to each other by cell junctions" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "cell sheath" RELATED []
synonym: "layer of cells" EXACT []
subset: upper_level
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: has_part CL:0000213 ! lining cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000120
name: blood brain barrier
def: "Cell layer consisting of lining cells that separates the central nervous system and the bloodstream. The BBB may consist of endothelial cells or glial cells. An endothelial barrier may have arisen independently several times during evolution. In bichir and lungfish the barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, while in sturgeon it is formed by a complex perivascular glial sheath, but with no detectable tight junctions." [DOI:10.1002/glia.20642, Wikipedia:Blood-brain_barrier]
synonym: "BBB" RELATED []
synonym: "blood-brain barrier" EXACT []
xref: ncithesaurus:Blood-Brain_Barrier ! Blood-Brain Barrier
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000179 ! haemolymphatic fluid
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: UMLS:C0005854

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011893 ! endoneurial fluid
name: endoneurial fluid
def: "Fluid of the ganglia and peripheral nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord" [MGI:llw2,  MP:0003633]
is_a: UBERON:0007794 {source="FMA"} ! serous fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0000123 ! endoneurium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000121
name: perineurium
def: "Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle." [Wikipedia:Perineurium]
comment: consider FBbt:00007090 (perineurium): The outer two layers of glial cells that cover the central nervous system and the nerves. The outer layer is the perineurial sheath (sometimes referred to as the perineurial sheath outer layer); the inner layer is the sub-perineural glial sheath (sometimes referred to as the perineurial sheath inner layer)
xref: FMA:52585 ! Perineurium
xref: ncithesaurus:Perineurium ! Perineurium
xref: BTO:0003153 ! perineurium
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090205 ! Perineurium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray636.png/200px-Gray636.png
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001019 ! fascicle
xref: SCTID:362299001 ! Entire perineurium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray636.png
xref: UMLS:C0205890

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000123 ! endoneurium
name: endoneurium
def: "a layer of delicate connective tissue that encloses the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber within a funiculus." [Wikipedia:Endodeurium]
xref: FMA:52586 ! Endoneurium
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090202 ! Endoneurium
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: surrounds GO:0043209 ! myelin sheath
xref: ncithesaurus:Endoneurium ! Endoneurium
xref: SCTID:15931004 ! Endoneurium
xref: UMLS:C0205888

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000124
name: epineurium
def: "outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve. It includes the blood vessels supplying the nerve. It consists of adipose tissue and fibrocollagenous tissues." [Wikipedia:Epineurium]
xref: FMA:12234 ! Epineurium
xref: ncithesaurus:Epineurium ! Epineurium
xref: BTO:0003154 ! epineurium
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090203 ! Epineurium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray636.png/200px-Gray636.png
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
xref: SCTID:64482002 ! Epineurium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray636.png
xref: UMLS:C0205889

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000126
name: cranial nerve nucleus
def: "collection of neurons (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more cranial nerves." [Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_nucleus]
synonym: "nucleus of cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial neural nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54501]
xref: FMA:54501 ! Nucleus of cranial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
xref: SCTID:280160003 ! Entire cranial nerve nucleus
synonym: "nucleus nervi cranialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011775 ! vagus nerve nucleus
name: vagus nerve nucleus
synonym: "nucleus of vagal X nerve" EXACT  []
synonym: "nucleus of vagal nerve" EXACT  []
synonym: "nucleus of vagus nerve" EXACT  [FMA:54573]
synonym: "tenth cranial nerve nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:54573]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0001759 ! vagus nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
xref: FMA:54573 ! vagus nerve nucleus
xref: SCTID:362467005 ! Entire vagus nerve nucleus
def: "A cranial nerve nucleus that overlaps a vagus nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011778 ! motor nucleus of vagal nerve
name: motor nucleus of vagal nerve
comment: Usage notes: in ZFA this is the superclass of dorsolateral and medial (which have not been generalized above ZFA). In this ontology it is a broad grouping class covering these zebrafish structures as well as the generalized dorsal motor nucleus
synonym: "motor nucleus X" EXACT  [ZFA:0000387]
synonym: "nX" BROAD  [ZFA:0000387]
synonym: "nucleus motorius of nervi vagi" EXACT LATIN  [ZFA:0000387]
synonym: "vagal lobe" RELATED  [ZFA:0000387]
is_a: UBERON:0011775 ! vagus nerve nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000387 ! motor nucleus of vagal nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010127
name: future dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
is_a: UBERON:0000125 {source="EHDAA2"} ! neural nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002870 ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0004650 ! future dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
def: "A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002870
name: dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
def: "The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve that arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the heart, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal efferent nucleus of vagus" EXACT [FMA:54592]
synonym: "dorsal vagal nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2642]
synonym: "nucleus alaris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2642]
synonym: "dorsal motor nucleus of vagus X nerve" EXACT [MA:0001036]
synonym: "nucleus posterior nervi vagi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal motor vagal nucleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal vagal nucleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "posterior nucleus of vagus nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "vagus nucleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]
xref: MA:0001036 ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus X nerve
xref: FMA:54592 ! Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2642 ! Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gray697.png/200px-Gray697.png
xref: EV:0100287 ! dorsal vagal nucleus
xref: ABA:DMX ! Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
xref: BM:DX ! dorsal vagal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0011778 ! motor nucleus of vagal nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="NIF", source="MA"} ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002154 {source="ABA"} ! lateral reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002559 {source="ABA"} ! medullary reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Nucleus_of_the_Vagus_Nerve ! Dorsal Nucleus of the Vagus Nerve
xref: SCTID:52884007 ! Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0004649 ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010127 {evidence="definitional"} ! future dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
xref: UMLS:C0926535

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000151
name: pectoral fin
def: "The paired pectoral fins are located on each side, usually just behind the operculum, and are homologous to the forelimbs of tetrapods." [Wikipedia:Pectoral_fin#Fins]
comment: check definition of limb such that is excludes fins. Note the GO includes pectoral and pelvic fins as types of limbs. The Actinopterygii (ray finned fish) pectoral and pelvic fins aren't homologous as fore- or hindlimbs to those of tetrapods, whereas those of the Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fish) are in fact homologous.
xref: TAO:0001161 ! pectoral fin
xref: ZFA:0001161 ! pectoral fin
xref: BTO:0004653 ! pectoral fin
xref: VSAO:0000147 ! pectoral fin
is_a: UBERON:0004710 {is_entailed="true"} ! pectoral appendage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002534 ! paired fin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005419 ! pectoral appendage bud
xref: SCTID:416982006 ! Pectoral fin
property_value: external_definition "Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001161", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000147", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:curator"}
synonym: "forefin" EXACT [VSAO:0000147]
synonym: "nageoire pectorale@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000147]
synonym: "omoptcérygie@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000147]
synonym: "thoracoptcérygie@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000147]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000152
name: pelvic fin
def: "The paired pelvic or ventral fins are located ventrally below the pectoral fins. They are homologous to the hindlimbs of tetrapods. The pelvic fin assists the fish in going up or down through the water, turning sharply, and stopping quickly." [Wikipedia:Pectoral_fin#Fins]
comment: check definition of limb such that is excludes fins. Note the GO includes pectoral and pelvic fins as types of limbs.
xref: TAO:0001184 ! pelvic fin
xref: ZFA:0001184 ! pelvic fin
xref: BTO:0004651 ! pelvic fin
xref: EFO:0003644 ! pelvic fin
xref: VSAO:0000129 ! pelvic fin
is_a: UBERON:0004709 {is_entailed="true"} ! pelvic appendage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002534 ! paired fin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005420 ! pelvic appendage bud
property_value: external_definition "Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001184", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000129", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:curator"}
synonym: "nageoire pelvienne@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000129]
synonym: "ischioptcérygie@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000129]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000153 ! anterior region of body
name: anterior region of body
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0000154 ! posterior region of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000154 ! posterior region of body
name: posterior region of body
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000155
name: theca cell layer
def: "A layer of the ovarian follicles. They appear as the follicles become tertiary follicles. The theca folliculi are responsible for the production of testosterone from androstenedione in females, and indirectly the production of estrogens by supplying the neighboring granulosa cells with androstenedione that can then be used as a substrate for aromatase." [Wikipedia:Theca_of_follicle]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "layer of theca cells" EXACT []
synonym: "theca cell layer of ovarian follicle" EXACT []
synonym: "theca folliculi" RELATED []
synonym: "theca of follicle" EXACT []
synonym: "thecal cell layer" EXACT [ZFA:0001113]
xref: FMA:18656 ! Theca folliculi
xref: TAO:0001113 ! thecal cell layer
xref: ZFA:0001113 ! thecal cell layer
xref: BTO:0002853 ! theca folliculi
xref: EFO:0003629 ! thecal cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000503 ! theca cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
synonym: "theca folliculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Theca_of_follicle]
xref: SCTID:361385000 ! Entire theca folliculi

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000156
name: theca externa
alt_id: UBERON:0005182
def: "The theca externa is the outer layers of the theca folliculi. It contains abundant collagen and is mainly supportive." [Wikipedia:Theca_externa]
synonym: "ovary theca externa" EXACT [MA:0001713]
synonym: "tunica externa of theca folliculi" EXACT [FMA:18657]
synonym: "theca externa (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius)" EXACT [FMA:18657]
synonym: "external coat of theca folliculi" RELATED [BTO:0002852]
synonym: "tunica externa thecae folliculi" RELATED [BTO:0002852]
xref: FMA:18657 ! Tunica externa of theca folliculi
xref: BTO:0002852 ! theca externa
xref: MA:0001713 ! ovary theca externa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Mature_Graffian_follicle.jpg/200px-Mature_Graffian_follicle.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000155 ! theca cell layer
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000157 ! theca interna
relationship: has_part GO:0005581 ! collagen
xref: SCTID:258767003 ! Entire tunica externa of theca folliculi
synonym: "tunica externa thecae folliculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Theca_externa]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000157
name: theca interna
alt_id: UBERON:0005183
def: "Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone, which when activated will stimulate the production of androstenedione from cholesterol by the enzyme desmolase. Androstenedione ultimately gives the granulosa cells the precursor substrate for estrogen manufacturing." [Wikipedia:Theca_externa#Theca_interna]
synonym: "ovary theca interna" EXACT [MA:0001714]
synonym: "tunica interna of theca folliculi" EXACT [FMA:18658]
synonym: "theca interna (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius)" EXACT [FMA:18658]
synonym: "internal coat of capsule of graafian follicle" RELATED [BTO:0002851]
synonym: "tunica interna thecae folliculi" RELATED [BTO:0002851]
xref: FMA:18658 ! Tunica interna of theca folliculi
xref: BTO:0002851 ! theca interna
xref: MA:0001714 ! ovary theca interna
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000155 ! theca cell layer
xref: SCTID:258869006 ! Entire tunica interna of theca folliculi

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000158
name: membranous layer
synonym: "membranous organ component" EXACT [FMA:82500]
xref: FMA:82500 ! Membranous layer
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
name: anal region
def: "The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present" [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EFO:0000847 ! anal region
xref: EHDAA:2931 ! anal region
xref: VHOG:0000395 ! anal region
xref: MA:0000329 ! anal region
xref: MAT:0000042 ! anal region
xref: MIAA:0000042 ! anal region
xref: ncithesaurus:Anal_Region ! Anal Region
xref: EHDAA2:0000122 ! anal region
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray408.png/200px-Gray408.png
xref: EMAPA:16831 ! anal region
xref: WBbt:0006919 ! anal region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0006866 ! terminal part of digestive tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000931 {evidence="definitional"} ! proctodeum
xref: SCTID:362680001 ! Entire anal region
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000395", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0230120

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006867
name: anal part of perineum
def: "The anal triangle is the posterior part of the perineum. It contains the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anal_triangle]
synonym: "anal region" BROAD [FMA:20347]
synonym: "anal triangle" EXACT [FMA:20347]
xref: FMA:20347 ! anal part of perineum
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002356 ! perineum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
xref: SCTID:243995004 ! Anal triangle
synonym: "regio analis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anal_triangle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray408.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000159
name: anal canal
def: "The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus." [Wikipedia:Anal_canal]
comment: Editor notes: requires alignment with EHDAA2 and complete developmental relationships
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anal canal" EXACT []
synonym: "anal canal viewed anatomically" EXACT []
synonym: "anal pad" RELATED []
synonym: "anatomical anal canal" EXACT []
synonym: "anus" RELATED []
synonym: "cloaca" RELATED []
synonym: "cloacal chamber" RELATED []
synonym: "mesenteron" RELATED []
synonym: "canalis analis" RELATED [BTO:0001978]
synonym: "pars analis recti" RELATED [BTO:0001978]
xref: FMA:15703 ! Anal canal
xref: galen:AnalCanal
xref: MA:0000330 ! anal canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Anal_Canal
xref: BTO:0001978 ! anal canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gray1078.png/200px-Gray1078.png
xref: EMAPA:18256 ! anal canal
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001245 ! anus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer
xref: SCTID:245438008 ! Entire anal canal
synonym: "canalis analis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anal_canal]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Gray1078.png
xref: UMLS:C0227411

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009882
name: anal column
def: "One of a number of vertical folds, produced by an infolding of the mucous membrane and some of the muscular tissue in the upper half of the lumen of the anal canal. They are named after Giovanni Battista Morgagni who also has several other eponyms named after himself[WP]" [Wikipedia:Anal_columns]
synonym: "column of Morgagni" EXACT  [FMA:15713]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
xref: FMA:15713 ! anal column
xref: SCTID:245444007 ! Entire anal column
xref: ncithesaurus:Anal_Column ! Anal Column
synonym: "columnae anales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anal_columns]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Gray1078.png
xref: UMLS:C0227428

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006866 ! terminal part of digestive tract
name: terminal part of digestive tract
comment: Usage notes: this class is the superclass of 'rectum', which is currently reserved for the vertebrate structure. May be merged in future.
synonym: "terminal section of digestive tract" RELATED []
synonym: "rectal part of digestive tract" RELATED []
synonym: "rectum" RELATED [FBbt:00005756]
xref: FBbt:00005756 ! rectum
xref: WBbt:0005773 ! rectum
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001245 ! anus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001052
name: rectum
def: "The terminal portion of the intestine." [Wikipedia:Rectum]
comment: Taxon notes: In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "terminal portion of intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "terminal portion of large intestine" RELATED []
synonym: "rectal sac" RELATED []
synonym: "intestinum rectum" RELATED [BTO:0001158]
xref: BTO:0001158
xref: EFO:0000848 ! rectum
xref: EHDAA:5836 ! rectum
xref: FMA:14544 ! Rectum
xref: GAID:311 ! rectum
xref: VHOG:0000427 ! rectum
xref: MA:0000336 ! rectum
xref: MAT:0000050 ! rectum
xref: MIAA:0000050 ! rectum
xref: ncithesaurus:Rectum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000238 ! rectum
xref: galen:Rectum ! rectum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! rectum
xref: EHDAA2:0001592 ! rectum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Anorectum.gif/200px-Anorectum.gif
xref: EMAPA:17896 ! rectum of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:18925 ! rectum of gut
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.767 ! rectum
xref: EV:0100081 ! rectum
xref: VHOG:0001751 ! rectum
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="4"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: distal_part_of UBERON:0000059 {source="Kardong"} ! large intestine 
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006866 ! terminal part of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000059 {source="MA"} ! large intestine 
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012361 {source="EHDAA2"} ! internal anal region
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001159 ! sigmoid colon
xref: AAO:0010401 ! rectum
xref: SCTID:181261002 ! Entire rectum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif
property_value: external_definition "The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001751", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "rectal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0034896

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012465 ! lumen of terminal part of digestive tract
name: lumen of terminal part of digestive tract
comment: includes the cloacal lumen, in species where this is present
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0006866 ! terminal part of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006866 ! terminal part of digestive tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009670
name: rectal lumen
def: "An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lumen of rectum" EXACT [FMA:14598]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012465 {source="cjm"} ! lumen of terminal part of digestive tract
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0009669 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryonic cloacal lumen
xref: EHDAA2:0004587 ! rectal lumen
xref: FMA:14598 ! lumen of rectum
xref: SCTID:259740004 ! Entire rectal lumen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000160
name: intestine
def: "Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine." [GOC:GO, Wikipedia:Intestine]
comment: MA also has a class MA:0001524 bowel, not clear how this is different. Usage notes: this class is currently very general, encompassing the C elegans 'intestine', which is a tube of epithelial cells extending from the 'pharynx' to 'rectum'. Taxon notes: [in zebrafish] No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bowel" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000648
xref: EFO:0000834 ! intestine
xref: FMA:7199 ! Intestine
xref: galen:Intestine
xref: VHOG:0000056 ! intestine
xref: MA:0000328 ! intestine
xref: MA:0001524 ! bowel
xref: MIAA:0000043 ! intestine
xref: TAO:0001338 ! intestine
xref: WBbt:0005772 ! intestine
xref: XAO:0000129 ! intestine
xref: ZFA:0001338 ! intestine
xref: ncithesaurus:Intestine ! Intestine
xref: GAID:295 ! intestine
xref: AAO:0000246 ! intestines
xref: MESH:A03.492.411 ! intestine
xref: EV:0100071 ! intestine
xref: ANISEED:1235303 ! Intestine
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
xref: SCTID:256876008 ! Entire intestine
property_value: external_definition "Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000246", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000056", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "intestinal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0021853

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
name: orifice
def: "Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces, surrounded by two or more subdivisions of two or more organs. Examples: right atrioventricular orifice, orifice of artery, hilum of kidney, porta hepatis[FMA,modified]." [FMA:3724]
comment: in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit
subset: upper_ontology_conflict
synonym: "anatomical orifice" EXACT [FMA:3724]
synonym: "hilum" NARROW []
synonym: "anatomical ostium" EXACT [FMA:3724]
xref: FMA:3724 ! Anatomical orifice
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
xref: SCTID:91837002 ! Anatomical orifice

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012361
name: internal anal region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001353 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anal region
xref: EHDAA2:0004588 ! internal anal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012469
name: external anal region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001353 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anal region
xref: EHDAA2:0004589 ! external anal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011510 ! cloacal bursa
name: cloacal bursa
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007585 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8459", notes="cloacal bursa"} ! respiratory gaseous exchange

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012420
name: coprodeum
def: "Most proximal cloacal compartment, into which the large intestine empties[Kardong]" [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "coprodeal portion of cloaca" EXACT []
synonym: "coprodaeum" EXACT []
synonym: "cloacal coprodeum" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
relationship: proximal_part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
property_value: has_relational_adjective "coprodeal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012421
name: urodeum
def: "Cloacal compartment into which the urogenital system empties[Kardong]" [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Taxon notes: This is where the urates collect. In the hen the oviduct opens into this compartment.[http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
synonym: "urodeal portion of cloaca" EXACT []
synonym: "urodaeum" EXACT []
synonym: "cloacal urodeum" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
xref: SCTID:81191004 ! Urodeum
property_value: has_relational_adjective "urodeal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012462
name: proctodeum portion of cloaca
def: "Most distal cloacal compartment; function is copulation and in some species develops a penis[Kardong]" [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Taxon notes: For most birds this is where the phallus is located, but male parrots do not have a phallus. The Bursa of Fabricus is located here.[http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
synonym: "proctodeum" RELATED INCONSISTENT  []
synonym: "proctodeal wall of cloaca" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
relationship: distal_part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
xref: SCTID:298233001 ! Entire proctodeum
property_value: has_relational_adjective "proctodeal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
name: cloaca
def: "Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures" [Wikipedia:Cloaca, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Development notes: hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm. Taxon notes: Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs[WP]. Editor notes: adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca
synonym: "vent" RELATED  [XAO:0000244]
synonym: "cloacal chamber" RELATED  [AAO:0000095]
xref: VHOG:0001186 ! cloaca
xref: AAO:0000095 ! cloaca
xref: XAO:0000244 ! cloaca
xref: ncithesaurus:Cloaca ! Cloaca
xref: GAID:1206 ! cloaca
xref: MESH:A13.223 ! cloaca
xref: SCTID:362857006 ! Entire cloaca
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="AAO"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004122 {source="AAO"} ! genitourinary system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 {source="ZFA"} ! digestive tract
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9369 {notes="most adult placentals have no trace of a cloaca. However, the tenrecs and golden moles, small placental mammals native to Africa, retain a cloaca as adults."} ! Tenrecidae
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000095", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001186", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cloaca", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001186", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.572", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cloacal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0008987

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012463
name: cloacal lumen
synonym: "cloacal chamber" EXACT [ZFA:0000330]
comment: the ZFA class belongs here as it is an anatomical space
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012465 {source="cjm"} ! lumen of terminal part of digestive tract
xref: ZFA:0000330 ! cloacal chamber
xref: TAO:0000330 ! cloacal chamber

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012464
name: cloacal vent
synonym: "vent" RELATED  []
synonym: "cloacal orifice" RELATED  []
synonym: "cloacal opening" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012478
name: cloacal gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012479
name: urodeal gland
synonym: "urodaeal gland" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0012421 ! urodeum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000163 ! embryonic cloaca
name: embryonic cloaca
def: "endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]." [Wikipedia:Cloaca_(embryology), MP:0010115]
comment: compare UBERON:0000162 cloaca
synonym: "cloaca" RELATED SENSU []
xref: EHDAA:4895 ! cloaca
xref: EHDAA2:0000256 ! cloaca
xref: EMAPA:27573 ! cloaca of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:27638 ! cloaca of urinary system
is_a: UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 {source="EHDAA2"} ! excretory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012361 {source="EHDAA2"} ! internal anal region
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003064 ! intermediate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006217
name: cloacal membrane
def: "the membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca, formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm; the urorectal septum joins the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane; the point where the urorectal septum intersects the cloacal membrane is the future site of the perineal body; proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the cloacal membrane produces primordial tissues of the external genitalia in both sexes: the genital tubercle, genital folds, and genital swellings." [Wikipedia:Cloacal_membrane, MP:anna, MP:0011837]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16832 ! cloacal membrane
xref: EHDAA2:0000257 ! cloacal membrane
xref: VHOG:0001198 ! cloacal membrane
xref: EHDAA:2933 ! cloacal membrane of anal region
xref: EHDAA:214 ! cloacal membrane
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000163 ! embryonic cloaca
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004341 {source="Wikipedia"} ! primitive streak
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Cloacal_Membrane ! Cloacal Membrane
xref: SCTID:308826008 ! Entire cloacal membrane
synonym: "embryonic cloacal membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "membrana cloacalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cloacal_membrane]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray991.png
property_value: external_definition "A membrane that separates the proctodeum and the hindgut in the early embryo. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.497, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001198", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In mammals, the cloaca exists as an embryonic structure that undergoes septation to become distinct urethral, anal, and genital orifices.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001198", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:11830557 De Santa Barbara P\, Roberts DJ\, Tail gut endoderm and gut/genitourinary/tail development: a new tissue-specific role for Hoxa13. Development (2002)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231056

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009846
name: embryonic cloacal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000163 ! embryonic cloaca
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003929 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gut epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003353 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelium of hindgut
xref: EHDAA2:0004585 ! cloacal epithelium
synonym: "cloacal epithelium" BROAD [EHDAA2:0004585]
def: "An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009669
name: embryonic cloacal lumen
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0000163 ! embryonic cloaca
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000163 ! embryonic cloaca
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0009846 ! embryonic cloacal epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004586 ! cloacal lumen
def: "An anatomical space that surrounded_by a embryonic cloaca." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009844
name: urogenital sinus lumen
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0000164 ! primitive urogenital sinus
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0009669 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryonic cloacal lumen
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0004902 ! urogenital sinus epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0002142 ! urogenital sinus lumen
def: "An anatomical space that surrounded_by a primitive urogenital sinus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000164
name: primitive urogenital sinus
def: "Ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females[MP]." [Wikipedia:Definitive_urogenital_sinus]
comment: Note that the term "urogenital sinus" may refer to the primitive urogenital sinus present as a transient developmental structure in most mammals or it may refer to a condition in which an unseptated cloaca persists in animals longer than normal[MP]
synonym: "sinus urogenitalis" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "urogenital sinus" BROAD [MP:0010116]
synonym: "UGS" EXACT [MP:0010116]
synonym: "fetal UGS" EXACT [PMID:18977204]
xref: VHOG:0000414 ! urogenital sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Urogenital_Sinus ! Urogenital Sinus
xref: EHDAA:5029 ! urogenital sinus
xref: EHDAA:5919 ! urogenital sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray1109.png/200px-Gray1109.png
xref: EMAPA:17211 ! urogenital sinus of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:17379 ! urogenital sinus of urinary system
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 {source="EHDAA2"} ! excretory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000163 {source="MP-def"} ! embryonic cloaca
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0004060 ! urogenital sinus
xref: SCTID:50961009 ! Urogenital sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray1109.png
property_value: external_definition "The ventral part of the cloaca after its separation from the rectum, giving rise to the lower part of the bladder in both sexes, to the prostatic portion of the male urethra, and to the urethra and vestibule in the female. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000414", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/urogenital+sinus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In mammals the lowly monotremes still have a cloaca. Higher types have done away with this structure and have a separate anal outlet for the rectum. The monotreme cloaca shows the initiation of this subdivision. The cloaca has such includes only the distal part, roughly comparable to the proctodeum. The more proximal part is divided into (1) a large dorsal passage into which the intestine opens, the coprodeum, and (2) a ventral portion, the urodeum with which the bladder connects. (...) the development of the placental mammals recapitulates in many respects the phylogenetic story. In the sexually indifferent stage of placental mammal there is a cloaca. While the indifferent stage still persists, a septum develops, and extends out to the closing membrane. This divides the cloaca into two chambers: a coprodeum continuous with the gut above, and a urodeum or urogenital sinus below.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000414", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS\, Vertebrate body (1970)p.388-89 and Figure 300", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231057

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004902
name: urogenital sinus epithelium
def: "The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra" [PMID:18977204]
comment: we follow EHDAA2 in dividing the UGS into epithelium and lumen
synonym: "UGE" EXACT [PMID:18977204]
synonym: "epithelium of urogenital sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0000483 {source="PMID:18977204"} ! epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000164 ! urogenital sinus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009846 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryonic cloacal epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004061 ! urogenital sinus epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009845 ! urogenital sinus mesenchyme
name: urogenital sinus mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that surrounds primitive urogenital sinus." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Androgen receptor (AR) activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth
synonym: "UGM" EXACT ABBREVIATION [PMID:18977204]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0000164 {source="PMID:18977204"} ! primitive urogenital sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000168
name: segment of colon
def: "An organ segment that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:222905 ! Segment of colon
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="4"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
intersection_of: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000170 ! pair of lungs
name: pair of lungs
synonym: "lungs" EXACT []
synonym: "lungs pair" EXACT []
synonym: "set of lungs" EXACT []
xref: FMA:68877 ! Pair of lungs
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lung
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001558 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! lower respiratory tract
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
synonym: "pulmones" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:68877]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000171
name: respiration organ
def: "Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms." [GO:0007585]
subset: functional_classification
synonym: "breathing organ" EXACT []
synonym: "gas exchange organ" RELATED []
synonym: "respiratory organ" EXACT []
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: TGMA:0001247 ! spiracular apparatus
xref: EMAPA:17607 ! respiratory
xref: SPD:0000428 ! booklung
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007585 ! respiratory gaseous exchange
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
xref: SCTID:272626006 ! Respiratory organ
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000172
name: vomit
def: "Vomit is a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose." [ENVO:00000338]
xref: ENVO:00000338
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViQTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: galen:Vomitus ! vomitus
xref: ncithesaurus:Vomitus ! vomitus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViQTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vomit
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000173
name: amniotic fluid
def: "Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided." [ENVO:02000021]
synonym: "acqua amnii" RELATED [BTO:0000068]
synonym: "liquor amnii" RELATED [BTO:0000068]
xref: BTO:0000068
xref: ENVO:02000021
xref: VHOG:0001267 ! amniotic fluid
xref: MA:0002893 ! amniotic fluid
xref: ncithesaurus:Amniotic_Fluid ! Amniotic Fluid
xref: GAID:1155 ! amniotic fluid
xref: MESH:A12.098 ! amniotic fluid
xref: EV:0100123 ! amniotic fluid
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: UMLS:C0002638

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000174 ! excreta
name: excreta
alt_id: UBERON:0000324
alt_id: UBERON:0007550
def: "Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body." [ENVO:02000022]
synonym: "excreted substance" EXACT []
synonym: "excretion" RELATED [BTO:0000491]
synonym: "waste substance" EXACT [AEO:0000184]
synonym: "waste substance" EXACT [AEO:0000184]
xref: BTO:0000491 ! excretion
xref: ENVO:02000022
xref: FMA:9674 ! Excretion
xref: galen:Excretion
xref: AEO:0000184 ! waste substance
xref: EHDAA2:0003184
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: output_of GO:0007588 ! excretion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007780
name: exudate
def: "Exudates are fluids, cells, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from blood vessels usually from inflamed tissues." [MESH:A12.383]
synonym: "transudates and exudate" RELATED  [GAID:1195]
xref: MESH:A12.383 ! (also: UBERON:0007779 'transudate')
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
xref: ncithesaurus:Exudate ! Exudate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000177
name: pus
def: "Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells." [ENVO:02000038, Wikipedia:Pus]
comment: AO notes: biospecimen in NCIT
synonym: "purulent exudate" RELATED []
xref: ENVO:02000038
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjG6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Pus ! Pus
xref: galen:Pus ! pus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjG6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pus
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: has_function_in GO:0006954 ! inflammatory response
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Swollen_eye_with_conjunctivitis.jpg/180px-Swollen_eye_with_conjunctivitis.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000178
name: blood
def: "Circulating body substance which consists of blood plasma and hemoglobin-carrying red blood cells. Excludes blood analogues (see UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid)." [FMA:9670, Wikipedia:Blood]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vertebrate blood" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of blood" EXACT []
synonym: "whole blood" RELATED [BTO:0000089]
xref: BTO:0000089
xref: EFO:0000296 ! blood
xref: ENVO:02000027
xref: FMA:9670 ! Portion of blood
xref: galen:Blood
xref: VHOG:0000224 ! blood
xref: MA:0000059 ! blood
xref: MIAA:0000315 ! blood
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000007 ! blood
xref: XAO:0000124 ! blood
xref: ZFA:0000007 ! blood
xref: ncithesaurus:Blood ! Blood
xref: GAID:965 ! blood
xref: EHDAA:418 ! blood
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! blood
xref: AAO:0000046 ! blood
xref: EHDAA2:0000176 ! blood
xref: EMAPA:16332 ! blood
xref: MESH:A12.207.152 ! blood
xref: EV:0100047 ! blood
is_a: UBERON:0000179 ! haemolymphatic fluid
relationship: has_part CL:0000232 ! erythrocyte
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system
property_value: external_definition "Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000046", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000046", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000007", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000224", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V\, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2006) ", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0005767

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000179
name: haemolymphatic fluid
def: "Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs." []
synonym: "blood or blood analog" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000200
name: gyrus
def: "A ridge, generally surrounded by one or more sulci." [Wikipedia:Gyrus]
synonym: "gyrus of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:83874]
synonym: "cerebral gyrus" EXACT [BTO:0002495]
synonym: "gyri of cerebrum" RELATED PLURAL [BTO:0002495]
synonym: "gyri" RELATED PLURAL [BTO:0002495]
synonym: "gyrus of cerebrum" RELATED [BTO:0002495]
xref: BTO:0002495 ! cerebral gyrus
xref: FMA:83874 ! gyrus of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Gyrus ! Cerebral Gyrus
xref: SCTID:279165009 ! Structure of cerebral gyrus
synonym: "neuraxis gyrus" EXACT [FMA:83874]
xref: UMLS:C0458308

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000201
name: endothelial blood brain barrier
def: "A blood brain barrier that is composed of endothelial cells." [UBERON:cjm]
xref: NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100205 ! Blood brain barrier
is_a: UBERON:0000120 ! blood brain barrier
intersection_of: UBERON:0000120 ! blood brain barrier
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000115 ! endothelial cell
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-10T08:15:44Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000202
name: glial blood brain barrier
def: "A blood brain barrier composed of glial cells." [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FBbt:00007091 ! sub-perineurial glial sheath
is_a: UBERON:0000120 ! blood brain barrier
intersection_of: UBERON:0000120 ! blood brain barrier
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000124 ! glial cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000124 ! glial cell
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-10T08:42:24Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001950
name: neocortex
def: "The neocortex is a part of the brain of mammals. It is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, and made up of six layers, labelled I to VI (with VI being the innermost and I being the outermost). The neocortex is part of the cerebral cortex (along with the archicortex and paleocortex, which are cortical parts of the limbic system). It is involved in higher functions such as sensory perception, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning, conscious thought and, in humans, language. Other names for the neocortex include neopallium and isocortex ('equal rind'). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Neocortex, Wikipedia:Neocortex]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cerebral neocortex" EXACT []
synonym: "homogenetic cortex" EXACT DEPRECATED [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "isocortex (sensu lato)" EXACT [FMA:62429]
synonym: "isocortex" EXACT []
synonym: "neopallial cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "neopallium" EXACT []
synonym: "homotypical cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2547]
synonym: "nonolfactory cortex" RELATED [BTO:0000920]
xref: BTO:0000920
xref: FMA:62429 ! Neocortex
xref: GAID:677 ! neocortex
xref: MA:0002754 ! neocortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2547 ! Neocortex
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.420 ! neocortex
xref: ABA:Isocortex ! Isocortex
xref: EHDAA2:0004662 ! neopallium
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002421 {source="ABA"} ! hippocampal formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002264 {source="ABA"} ! olfactory bulb
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Neocortex.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000204
name: ventral part of telencephalon
def: "Dorsal part (base region) of the telencephalon." [ISBN10:0471888893, GO:0021544, GO_REF:0000021, PMID:12626695]
comment: AO notes: BTO term refers specifically to the avian structure
subset: developmental_classification
synonym: "subpallium" EXACT [ZFA:0000304, GO:0021544]
synonym: "subpallium" NARROW [BTO:0003401]
synonym: "area ventralis telencephali" EXACT [ZFA:0000304]
synonym: "ventral telencephalon" EXACT [ZFA:0000304]
xref: ZFA:0000304 ! ventral telencephalon
xref: EFO:0003522 ! ventral telencephalon
xref: BTO:0003401 ! subpallium
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multitissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000203 ! pallium
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-18T12:12:27Z
xref: TAO:0000304 ! ventral telencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000203 ! pallium
name: pallium
def: "Dorsal part (roof region) of the telencephalon[GO]." [ISBN10:0471888893, GO:0021543, Wikipedia:Pallium_(neuroanatomy), https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3535324&group_id=76834&atid=994726]
comment: Taxon notes: In humans the cerebrum has three parts: the archipallium, the paleopallium and the neopallium. The developing telencephalon or forebrain is divided into pallium and subpallium. In amphibians, the cerebrum includes archipallium, paleopallium and some of the basal nuclei. Reptiles first developed a neopallium, which continued to develop in the brains of more recent species to become the neocortex of humans and Old World monkeys. In fish, the archipallium is the largest part of the cerebrum. Some researchers suggest the early archipallium gave rise to the human hippocampus[WP]
synonym: "area dorsalis telencephali" EXACT  [ZFA:0000505]
synonym: "dorsal telencephalic area" EXACT  [ZFA:0000505]
synonym: "dorsal part of telencephalon" EXACT [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "dorsal telencephalon" EXACT [ZFA:0000505]
subset: developmental_classification
xref: SCTID:369224000 ! Entire pallium
xref: TAO:0007007 ! pallium
xref: TAO:0000505 ! dorsal telencephalon
xref: ZFA:0000505 ! dorsal telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0002020 {source="ZFA"} ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-18T12:03:09Z
property_value: external_definition "The mantle of gray matter forming the cerebral cortex. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pallium[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0007007", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: EFO:0003534 ! dorsal telencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007333
name: avian pallium
def: "In the anatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. Pallium of avian species tend to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume." [Wikipedia:Avian_pallium]
xref: BTO:0003399 ! avian pallium
is_a: UBERON:0000203 ! pallium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007334
name: nidopallium
def: "The nidopallium, meaning nested pallium, is the region of the avian brain that is used mostly for some types of executive functions but also other higher cognitive tasks. The region was renamed to nidopallium in 2002 during the Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium because the prior name suggested that the region was used for more primitive functions." [Wikipedia:Nidopallium, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_Brain_Nomenclature_Consortium]
synonym: "nested pallium" RELATED  [BTO:0003389]
xref: BTO:0003389 ! nidopallium
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multitissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007333 ! avian pallium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007347
name: hyperpallium
def: "Birds have a unique pallial structure known as the hyperpallium, once called the hyperstriatum." [Wikipedia:Hyperpallium]
synonym: "hyperstriatum" RELATED  [BTO:0003400]
xref: BTO:0003400 ! hyperpallium
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multitissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007333 ! avian pallium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007349
name: mesopallium
synonym: "middle pallium" RELATED  [BTO:0003405]
xref: BTO:0003405 ! mesopallium
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multitissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007333 ! avian pallium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007350
name: arcopallium
def: "The arcopallium refers to regions of the avian brain which partially overlap regions homologous to the amygdala of mammals. These regions have formerly been referred to as archistriatum, and before this epistriatum or amygdaloid complex[1], and a recent change of nomenclature has divided the region into the arcopallium and posterior pallial amygdala.[2] The new nomenclature, adopted in 2004, reflects a modern understanding that the avian brain is broadly similar to the mammalian brain, containing large regions homologous to the mammalian neocortex, claustrum, and pallial amygdala. The outdated nomenclature it replaced perceived the avian brain as consisting almost entirely of enlarged basal ganglia, to which more complex outer layers had been added during a progress toward mammalian intelligence." [Wikipedia:Arcopallium]
synonym: "arched pallium" RELATED  [BTO:0003408]
synonym: "archistriatum" RELATED [BM:ARCO, http://www.avianbrain.org/archistriatum.html]
xref: BTO:0003408 ! arcopallium
xref: BM:ARCO ! archistriatum
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multitissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007333 ! avian pallium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007351
name: nucleus isthmo-opticus
synonym: "nucleus isthmoopticus" RELATED  [BTO:0003411]
xref: BTO:0003411 ! nucleus isthmo-opticus
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multitissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007333 ! avian pallium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000206
name: pharyngeal gill
def: "Gills of vertebrates are developed in the walls of the pharynx along a series of gill slits opening to the exterior. In fish, the gills are located on both sides of the pharynx. Gills are made of filaments which help increase surface area for oxygen exchange. In bony fish, the gills are covered by a bony cover called an operculum. When a fish breathes, it opens its mouth at regular times and draws in a mouthful of water. It then draws the sides of its throat together, forcing the water through the gill openings. The water passes over the gills on the outside. Valves inside the mouth keep the water from escaping through the mouth again. The operculum can be very important in adjusting the pressure of water inside of the pharynx to allow proper ventilation of the gills. Lampreys and sharks lack an operculum, they have multiple gill openings. Also, they must use different methods to force water over the gills. In sharks and rays, this ventilation of the gills is achieved either by the use of spiracles or ram ventilation (ventilation by constantly swimming). Although some animals use this method it is much better for animals to use a spiracle because they are less susceptible to injury." [Wikipedia:Gill#Vertebrate_gills]
is_a: UBERON:0002535 ! gill
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
xref: ANISEED:1235300 ! Pharyngeal gill
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-18T01:18:17Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011627
name: orbital part of frontal bone
def: "The orbital or horizontal part of the frontal bone (pars orbitalis) consists of two thin triangular plates, the orbital plates, which form the vaults of the orbits, and are separated from one another by a median gap, the ethmoidal notch." [Wikipedia:Orbital_part_of_frontal_bone]
synonym: "pars orbitalis ossis frontalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbital_part_of_frontal_bone]
synonym: "pars orbitalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbital_part_of_frontal_bone]
synonym: "pars orbitalis (os frontale)" EXACT  [FMA:52849]
xref: FMA:52849 ! orbital part of frontal bone
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA"} ! basicranium
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! basicranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000209
name: tetrapod frontal bone
def: "In humans: A bone resembling a cockleshell in two portions the squama frontalis, corresponding with the region of the forehead, and an orbital or horizontal portion, the pars orbitalis, which enters into the formation of the roofs of the orbital and nasal cavities." [Wikipedia:Frontal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: fused in humans, paired in other animals Development notes: In the mouse the parietal originates from cephalic paraxial mesoderm (Jiang 2000; Morriss-Kay 2001), whereas in the chicken it is traced back to either mesodermal (Noden 1978) or neural crest (Couly 1992, 1993).
synonym: "frontal bone" NARROW SENSU [FMA:52734, MA:0001466]
synonym: "frontal" NARROW [AAO:0000206]
synonym: "os frontal" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Frontal_bone]
xref: FMA:52734 ! Frontal bone
xref: GAID:226 ! frontal bone
xref: MA:0001466 ! frontal bone
xref: VHOG:0001324 ! frontal bone (also: UBERON:0000210 'tetrapod parietal bone') (also: UBERON:0004866 'actinopterygian frontal bone')
xref: EMAPA:19016 ! frontal bone
xref: AAO:0000206 ! frontal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray136.png/200px-Gray136.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.375 ! frontal bone
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="cjm"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
xref: ncithesaurus:Frontal_Bone ! Frontal Bone
xref: SCTID:181793006 ! Entire frontal bone
xref: VSAO:0000208 ! frontal bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001679 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! ethmoid
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001677 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! sphenoid bone
synonym: "os frontale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontal_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Frontal_bone.png
xref: UMLS:C0016732

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004865
name: actinopterygian parietal bone
def: "Dermal bone that covers the otic region and may articulate with its antimere medially, with the frontal bone anteriorly, the pterotic laterally, the supraoccipital medio-posteriorly, and the epiotic and extrascapula latero-posteriorly. The parietal is a paired bone.[TAO]" [TAO:0000486, TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "frontal bone" NARROW [FMA:52734]
synonym: "parietal bone" NARROW SENSU [TAO:0000486]
synonym: "post parietal" RELATED [ZFA:0000486]
synonym: "actinopterygian parietal" EXACT []
xref: TAO:0000486 ! parietal bone
xref: ZFA:0000486 ! parietal bone
xref: VHOG:0001327 ! interparietal bone (also: UBERON:0002229 'interparietal bone')
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 {source="ZFA"} ! otic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="ZFA"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="ZFA"} ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 {source="PMID:11523816"} ! vault of skull
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that covers the otic region and may articulate with its antimere medially, with the frontal bone anteriorly, the pterotic laterally, the supraoccipital medio-posteriorly, and the epiotic and extrascapula latero-posteriorly. The parietal is a paired bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000486", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps posttemporal-parietal joint (TAO:0002059)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000486", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps inter-parietal joint (TAO:0005245)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000486", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps frontal-parietal joint (TAO:0005255)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000486", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps supraoccipital-parietal joint (TAO:0005264)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000486", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "parietals" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000486]
property_value: external_comment "The parietal is a flat, commonly squarish or rectangular bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000486", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The homologization of cranial bones of actinopterygians with those of sarcopterygians based on the bone names established in human anatomy is favored in order to permit the building of phylogenetic relationship schemes beyond the taxonomic boundaries of osteichthyans (including tetrapods). (...) In actinopterygians, the terms parietal and postparietal bones have to replace the commonly used terms 'frontal' and 'parietal' bones for the two paired bones on the skull roof.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001327", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-3899370805 Arratia G\, Schultze HP\, Wilson MVH\, Mesozoic Fishes 4 - Homology and Phylogeny (2008) p.23-48", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000210
name: tetrapod parietal bone
def: "In humans: bone forming side and roof of cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles." [Wikipedia:Parietal_bone, ZFA:0000514]
comment: Taxon notes: The frontal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the parietal bone in tetrapods[various]. In many non-mammalian tetrapods, they are bordered to the rear by a pair of postparietal bones that may be solely in the roof of the skull, or slope downwards to contribute to the back of the skull, depending on the species. In the living tuatara, and many fossil species, a small opening, the parietal foramen, lies between the two parietal bones. This opening is the location of a third eye in the midline of the skull, which is much smaller than the two main eyes[WP]
synonym: "os parietale" RELATED [Wikipedia:Parietal_bone]
synonym: "frontal bone" NARROW [TAO:0000514]
synonym: "parietal" NARROW SENSU [AAO:0000390]
synonym: "parietal bone" NARROW SENSU [FMA:9613]
synonym: "actinopterygian frontal bone" NARROW [TAO:0000514]
xref: FMA:9613 ! Parietal bone
xref: GAID:229 ! parietal bone
xref: MA:0001469 ! parietal bone
xref: VHOG:0001324 ! frontal bone (also: UBERON:0000209 'tetrapod frontal bone') (also: UBERON:0004866 'actinopterygian frontal bone')
xref: EMAPA:18715 ! parietal bone
xref: AAO:0000390 ! parietal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray132.png/200px-Gray132.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.651 ! parietal bone
xref: VHOG:0001326 ! parietal bone
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 {source="PMID:11523816"} ! vault of skull
xref: ncithesaurus:Parietal_Bone ! Parietal Bone
xref: SCTID:181794000 ! Entire parietal bone
synonym: "os parietale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parietal_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Gray132.png
property_value: homology_notes "The homologization of cranial bones of actinopterygians with those of sarcopterygians based on the bone names established in human anatomy is favored in order to permit the building of phylogenetic relationship schemes beyond the taxonomic boundaries of osteichthyans (including tetrapods). (...) In actinopterygians, the terms parietal and postparietal bones have to replace the commonly used terms 'frontal' and 'parietal' bones for the two paired bones on the skull roof.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001326", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-3899370805 Arratia G\, Schultze HP\, Wilson MVH\, Mesozoic Fishes 4 - Homology and Phylogeny (2008) p.23-48", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0030558

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004866
name: actinopterygian frontal bone
def: "Dermal bone that bears part of the supraorbital canal and usually covers a large area of the neurocranium occupying part of the ethmoidal, orbitosphenoid, and otic regions. Commonly, the frontal bone articulates with its antimere medially, with lateral ethmoid, orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoid ventrolaterally, with supraorbital bone(s), autosphenotic and pterotic laterally, and with parietal posteriorly.[TAO]." [TAO:0000514]
comment: The frontal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the parietal bone in tetrapods
synonym: "frontal bone" NARROW [TAO:0000514]
synonym: "actinopterygian frontal bone" EXACT [TAO:0000514]
synonym: "actinopterygian frontal" EXACT [TAO:0000514]
xref: TAO:0000514 ! frontal bone
xref: ZFA:0000514 ! frontal bone
xref: VHOG:0001324 ! frontal bone (also: UBERON:0000209 'tetrapod frontal bone') (also: UBERON:0000210 'tetrapod parietal bone')
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="ZFA"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="ZFA"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001697 {source="ZFA-modified"} ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="ZFA"} ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 {source="PMID:11523816"} ! vault of skull
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that bears part of the supraorbital canal and usually covers a large area of the neurocranium occupying part of the ethmoidal, orbitosphenoid, and otic regions. Commonly, the frontal bone articulates with its antimere medially, with lateral ethmoid, orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoid ventrolaterally, with supraorbital bone(s), autosphenotic and pterotic laterally, and with parietal posteriorly.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000514", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-frontal joint (TAO:0001678)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000514", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps frontal-pterotic joint (TAO:0001711)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000514", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps inter-frontal joint (TAO:0001922)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000514", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps lateral ethmoid-frontal joint (TAO:0002032)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000514", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps frontal-parietal joint (TAO:0005255)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000514", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "frontals" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000514]
property_value: external_comment "The frontal bone may be paired or unpaired. The frontal bone of actinopterygians is homologous to the parietal of tetrapods. Actinopterygians do not have a frontal bone. For details, see Schultze (2008) and Wiley (2008).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000514", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002229
name: interparietal bone
def: "the bone of the cranium that lies above and anterior to the occipital bone in some mammals." [MP:0000077, Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: rarely present in humans[PMID:3654370]. Editor notes: consider splitting classes for inter-parietal and post-parietal. postparietals paired in reptiles, fused in mammals.
synonym: "inter-parietal bone" EXACT [EMAPA:19017]
synonym: "interparietal" EXACT [EHDAA:9530]
synonym: "post-parietal bone" RELATED [VHOG:0001327]
synonym: "postparietal bone" RELATED [VHOG:0001327]
synonym: "postparietal" RELATED [VHOG:0001327]
synonym: "inca bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone]
synonym: "os interparietale" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone]
synonym: "ossicle of Goethe" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone]
xref: FMA:75748 ! Interparietal bone
xref: MA:0001467 ! interparietal bone
xref: EHDAA:9530 ! interparietal
xref: EMAPA:19017 ! inter-parietal bone
xref: VHOG:0001327 ! interparietal bone (also: UBERON:0004865 'actinopterygian parietal bone')
xref: SCTID:369438005 ! Entire interparietal bone
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="vault series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 {source="PMID:11523816"} ! vault of skull
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0004865 ! actinopterygian parietal bone
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="MP:0000077"} ! Mammalia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006251 {evidence="definitional"} ! interparietal bone primordium
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
property_value: homology_notes "The homologization of cranial bones of actinopterygians with those of sarcopterygians based on the bone names established in human anatomy is favored in order to permit the building of phylogenetic relationship schemes beyond the taxonomic boundaries of osteichthyans (including tetrapods). (...) In actinopterygians, the terms parietal and postparietal bones have to replace the commonly used terms 'frontal' and 'parietal' bones for the two paired bones on the skull roof.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001327", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-3899370805 Arratia G\, Schultze HP\, Wilson MVH\, Mesozoic Fishes 4 - Homology and Phylogeny (2008) p.23-48", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010750
name: prefrontal bone
def: "a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls" [Wikipedia:Prefrontal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: It first evolved in the sarcopterygian clade Rhipidistia, which includes lungfish and the Tetrapodomorpha. The prefrontal is found in most modern and extinct lungfish, amphibians and reptiles. It is very small, fused to the frontals or lost in many groups of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs and is completely absent in their modern descendants, the birds. The prefrontal was also lost in early mammaliaforms and so is not present in modern mammals either[WP]
xref: AAO:0000460 ! prefrontal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dromaeosaurus_skull_en.svg/180px-Dromaeosaurus_skull_en.svg.png
synonym: "prefrontal" BROAD [AAO:0000460]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="Kardong"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="orbital series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001697 {source="Kardong"} ! orbit
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001680 ! lacrimal bone
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8287 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Sarcopterygii
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="WP"} ! Homo sapiens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011168
name: postfrontal bone
def: "a bone behind and above the orbit of which it commonly forms part of the border that is present in many vertebrates and corresponds to the postorbital process of the frontal bone of various birds and mammals " [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/postfrontal]
synonym: "postfrontal" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="Kardong"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="orbital series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001697 {source="Kardong"} ! orbit
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8570 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Serpentes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011169
name: postorbital bone
def: "The postorbital is one of the bones in vertebrate skulls which forms a portion of the dermal skull roof and, sometimes, a ring about the orbit. Generally, it is located behind the postfrontal and posteriorly to the orbital fenestra. In some vertebrates, the postorbital is fused with the postfrontal to create a postorbitofrontal." [Wikipedia:Postorbital_bone]
synonym: "postorbital" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="Kardong"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="orbital series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001697 {source="Kardong"} ! orbit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011639
name: frontoparietal bone
def: "An anuran dermal bone that usually is paired and roofs the braincase." [AAO:0000207]
synonym: "fronto-parietaux" RELATED  [AAO:0000207]
synonym: "os fronto-parietale" RELATED  [AAO:0000207]
synonym: "parietaux" RELATED  [AAO:0000207]
synonym: "parietofrontal" RELATED  [AAO:0000207]
synonym: "frontoparietal" EXACT [AAO:0000207]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="AAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="orbital series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0000210 ! tetrapod parietal bone
xref: AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000043
name: tendon
def: "Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000073, Wikipedia:Tendon]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sinew" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tendon]
xref: BTO:0001356
xref: FMA:9721 ! Tendon
xref: GAID:276 ! tendon
xref: VHOG:0001286 ! tendon
xref: MA:0000115 ! tendon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000173 ! tendon
xref: ncithesaurus:Tendon ! Tendon
xref: galen:Tendon ! tendon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! tendon
xref: EHDAA2:0003091 ! tendon
xref: AEO:0000091 ! tendon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg/200px-Achilles-tendon.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.880 ! tendon
xref: EV:0100149 ! tendon
xref: VSAO:0000073 ! tendon
is_a: UBERON:0007846 {source="VSAO"} ! dense regular connective tissue
relationship: connects UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: connects UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 {source="OG"} ! musculoskeletal system
relationship: has_part CL:0000057 {source="AEO"} ! fibroblast
relationship: has_part CL:0000327 {source="AEO"} ! extracellular matrix secreting cell
xref: SCTID:256667004 ! Entire tendon
xref: ZFA:0005647 ! tendon
synonym: "tendo" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tendon]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000073", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: homology_notes "Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001286", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00241-6 Summers AP\, Koob TJ\, The evolution of tendon - morphology and material properties. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology (2002)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0039508

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000304
name: tendon sheath
def: "A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath" [Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath]
synonym: "synovial tendon sheath" EXACT [FMA:45087]
synonym: "vagina tendinis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath]
comment: TODO: add layer relations. 'tendon sheath' GAT in FMA.
xref: FMA:76715 ! Tendon sheath
xref: FMA:45087 ! synovial tendon sheath
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
xref: BTO:0000051 ! tendon sheath
xref: SCTID:361885006 ! Entire tendon sheath
xref: ncithesaurus:Tendon_Sheath ! tendon sheath
xref: UMLS:C0224856

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011233
name: synovial membrane of synovial tendon sheath
def: "Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons . Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa." [FMA:45087, Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath]
comment: Alternate def: A synovial sheath is a layer of a tendon sheath containing tendons in the hand and foot. They lie internal to the fibrous tendon sheaths. An example is the common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons. [Wikipedia:Synovial_sheath]
synonym: "synovium" BROAD [BTO:0001823]
is_a: UBERON:0007616 {source="FMA"} ! layer of synovial tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000304 ! tendon sheath
xref: FMA:40878 ! synovial membrane of synovial tendon sheath
xref: BTO:0001823 ! synovium (also: UBERON:0002018 'synovial membrane of synovial joint')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011234
name: fibrous membrane of synovial tendon sheath
xref: FMA:40877 ! fibrous membrane of synovial tendon sheath
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000304 ! tendon sheath

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008982
name: fascia
def: "A dense regular connective tissue that that connects muscles together[WP, modified]." [Wikipedia:Fascia]
synonym: "fascia cluster" EXACT [FMA:30318]
is_a: UBERON:0007846 {source="Wikipedia"} ! dense regular connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
relationship: connects UBERON:0001630 {cardinality="2"} ! muscle organ
relationship: connects UBERON:0001630 {notes="fasciae connect muscles to other muscles"} ! muscle organ
xref: FMA:30318 ! fascia cluster
xref: SCTID:181772008 ! Entire fascia
xref: BTO:0002930 ! fascia
xref: MESH:A02.340 ! fascia
xref: EV:0100150 ! fascia
xref: ncithesaurus:Fascia ! Fascia
xref: UMLS:C0015641

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006614 ! aponeurosis
name: aponeurosis
def: "A sheet of extracellular matrix." [AEO:0000092, Wikipedia:Aponeurosis]
comment: AO notes: in ZFA, aponeuroses are subtypes of tendons, but this is inconsistent with tendons being muscle-bone connections
synonym: "aponeuroses" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Aponeurosis]
synonym: "aponeurotic" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aponeurosis]
xref: FMA:9722 ! aponeurosis
xref: EHDAA2:0003092 ! aponeurosis
xref: AEO:0000092 ! aponeurosis
is_a: UBERON:0000158 {source="FMA"} ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001630 {source="FMA"} ! muscle organ
relationship: has_part CL:0000327 {source="AEO"} ! extracellular matrix secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0002320 {source="AEO"} ! connective tissue cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Aponeurosis ! Aponeurosis
xref: SCTID:331712004 ! Entire aponeurosis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Aponeurosis.png
xref: ZFA:0005652 ! aponeurosis
xref: UMLS:C0225205
property_value: external_definition "Aponeuroses are layers of flat broad tendons. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, and are histologically similar to tendons, but are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery, and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeurosis is in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, and in the palmar region. Their primary function is to join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon[Wikipedia:Aponeurosis]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Aponeurosis"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000211
name: ligament
def: "Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA]." [FMA:21496, Wikipedia:Ligament]
comment: Note this groups both skeletal and non-skeletal ligaments. What is called a "ligament" in many AOs is actually a skeletal ligament
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ligament organ" EXACT [FMA:21496]
xref: TAO:0001682 ! ligament
xref: ZFA:0001675 ! ligament
xref: FMA:21496 ! Ligament organ
xref: galen:Ligament
xref: VHOG:0001272 ! ligament
xref: MA:0000113 ! ligament
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjqpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Ligament ! Ligament
xref: EFO:0001966 ! ligament
xref: MESH:A02.513 ! ligament
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjqpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ligament
is_a: UBERON:0007846 {source="VSAO"} ! dense regular connective tissue
relationship: has_part UBERON:0007846 ! dense regular connective tissue
xref: SCTID:182358004 ! Entire ligament
xref: XAO:0004031 ! ligament
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg
property_value: external_definition "Portion of connective tissue that connects bone or cartilage.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001682", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: homology_notes "Compared with their Ediacarian predecessor, Cambrian animals in general were characterized by their much stouter bodies. The stoutness of the body is likely due to the formation of ligaments and tendons, which in turn requires the crosslinking of collagen triple helices.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001272", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:8710894 Ohno S\, The notion of the Cambrian pananimalia genome. PNAS (1996)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0023685

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008846
name: skeletal ligament
def: "Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament." [FMA:25624, Wikipedia:Ligament#Articular_ligaments]
comment: Editor notes: logical definition deliberately made strict to avoid classifying MA:spiral ligament as both nonskeletal and skeletal. see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=1205376
synonym: "articular larua" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ligament]
synonym: "articular ligament" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ligament]
synonym: "true ligament" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ligament]
synonym: "ligament" BROAD [ZFA:0001675, VSAO:0000072]
is_a: UBERON:0000211 {source="FMA"} ! ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: connects UBERON:0004765 {notes="bones or cartilage organs"} ! skeletal element
relationship: has_part CL:0000057 {source="AEO"} ! fibroblast
relationship: has_part CL:0000327 {source="AEO"} ! extracellular matrix secreting cell
xref: FMA:25624 ! skeletal ligament
xref: MA:0003005 ! skeletal ligament
xref: EV:0100144 ! ligament
xref: VSAO:0000072 ! ligament
xref: AEO:0000090 ! ligament
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg/200px-Knee_diagram.svg.png
xref: EHDAA2:0003232 ! ligament
xref: GAID:118 ! ligament
xref: AAO:0010444 ! ligament
xref: SCTID:410744003 ! Entire skeletal ligament
property_value: external_definition "Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000072", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008845 ! nonskeletal ligament
name: nonskeletal ligament
def: "Ligament organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi which may be admixed with smooth muscle. Examples: ligament of liver, ovarian ligament." [FMA:25625]
synonym: "non-skeletal ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "fibrous ligament" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ligament]
is_a: UBERON:0000211 {source="FMA"} ! ligament
xref: FMA:25625 ! nonskeletal ligament
xref: MA:0003004 ! nonskeletal ligament
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
xref: SCTID:410746001 ! Entire ligament, non-skeletal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008879
name: ligament of pinna
comment: subclasses (anterior, superior, posterior) can be added on request
synonym: "ligament of auricle" EXACT  [FMA:61035]
synonym: "pinna ligament" EXACT  [FMA:61035]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 {source="MA"} ! pinna
xref: FMA:61035 ! ligament of pinna
xref: MA:0001228 ! auricular ligament
synonym: "auricular ligament" EXACT [MA:0001228]
xref: SCTID:362548009 ! Entire ligament of auricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000212
name: toilet claw
def: "specialized claw or nail on the foot of certain primates, used for personal grooming." [Wikipedia:Toilet-claw]
is_a: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007625 ! grooming behavior
relationship: has_function_in NBO:0000451 {source="Wikipedia"} ! personal grooming
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-05-19T08:19:58Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000301
name: amniotic cavity
def: "The amniotic cavity is formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold, which first makes its appearance at the cephalic extremity, and subsequently at the caudal end and sides of the embryo. As the amniotic fold rises and fuses over the dorsal aspect of the embryo, the amniotic cavity is formed. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Amniotic_cavity]
xref: BTO:0000025
xref: FMA:63941 ! Amniotic cavity
xref: VHOG:0000855 ! amniotic cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Amniotic_Cavity ! Amniotic Cavity
xref: EHDAA:83 ! amniotic cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0000119 ! amniotic cavity
xref: EMAPA:16079 ! amniotic cavity
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000173 ! amniotic fluid
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0000087 {source="EHDAA2"} ! inner cell mass
relationship: located_in UBERON:0012466 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic cavities
relationship: has_quality PATO:0000608 ! closed
xref: SCTID:280366002 ! Entire amniotic cavity
synonym: "cavitas amniotica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Amniotic_cavity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray31.png
property_value: external_definition "The closed sac between the embryo and the amnion, containing the amniotic fluid. [Free_Online_Medical_Dictionary]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000855", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/amniotic+cavity", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0230976

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011145 ! adductor muscle
synonym: "adductor" RELATED []
name: adductor muscle
def: "A muscle capable of adduction. Adduction is a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body. It is opposed to abduction." [Wikipedia:Adduction, Wikipedia:Adductor_muscle]
comment: we place the TAO class here even though it is a cranial muscle; it is defined functionally
xref: FMA:74998 ! adductor muscle
xref: TAO:0002136 ! adductor muscle
xref: ZFA:0005268 ! adductor muscle
subset: functional_classification
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
property_value: external_definition "A muscle that brings a body part closer to the sagittal plane of the body.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002136", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFA:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass cranial muscle (TAO:0001953)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002136", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011144 ! adductor muscle of hip
name: adductor muscle of hip
def: "." [Wikipedia:Adductor_muscles_of_the_hip]
synonym: "adductor group (leg)" EXACT [MA:0002267]
synonym: "muscle of adductor group" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="MA"} ! muscle organ
is_a: UBERON:0011145 ! adductor muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001272 ! innominate bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005465 {source="dbpedia", notes="a small part of adductor magnus is innervated by the tibial nerve"} ! obturator nerve
xref: BTO:0000030 ! adductor
xref: MA:0002267 ! adductor group (leg)
xref: SCTID:181670005 ! Entire adductor muscle
xref: SCTID:368101007 ! Entire adductor muscle of lower extremity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000952 ! adductor muscle
name: obsolete adductor muscle
comment: obsoleted as it conflated a generic functional grouping with a specific group of muscles in the leg/hip
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0011145 ! adductor muscle
consider: UBERON:0011144 ! adductor muscle of hip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000303
name: adductor longus
def: "An adductor muscle that attaches to the hip and femur. In humans, it is a part of the adductor group of the thigh, that as the name suggests adducts the thigh. The adductor longus muscle forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle[WP, generalized]." [Wikipedia:Adductor_longus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the iliac portion of the ventral iliac rim and inserts on the lateral surface of the M. adductor magnus." [AAO:0010034]
synonym: "adductor longus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "long adductor muscle" RELATED [BTO:0000029]
synonym: "musculus adductor longus" RELATED [BTO:0000029]
xref: BTO:0000029
xref: FMA:22441 ! Adductor longus
xref: AAO:0010034 ! M. adductor longus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="pubic body just below the pubic crest"} ! pubis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia", notes="linea aspera"} ! femur
xref: SCTID:181686003 ! Entire adductor longus
synonym: "Musculus adductor longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Adductor_longus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Originates on the iliac portion of the ventral iliac rim and inserts on the lateral surface of the M. adductor magnus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010034", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000368
name: adductor brevis
def: "The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately behind the pectineus and adductor longus. It is somewhat triangular in form, and arises by a narrow origin from the outer surfaces of the superior and inferior rami of the pubis, between the gracilis and obturator externus. Its fibers, passing backward, lateralward, and downward, are inserted, by an aponeurosis, into the line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera and into the upper part of the linea aspera, immediately behind the pectineus and upper part of the adductor longus.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Adductor_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "adductor brevis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "Musculus adductos brevis" EXACT [FMA:22442]
xref: BTO:0001288
xref: FMA:22442 ! Adductor brevis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv13lfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! adductor brevis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod
xref: SCTID:181687007 ! Entire adductor brevis muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005465 {source="dbpedia"} ! obturator nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior surface of the inferior ramus and body of the pubis"} ! pubis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002504 {source="dbpedia", notes="the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur"} ! lesser trochanter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000370
name: adductor magnus
def: "An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, the adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the 'adductor magnesius portion', and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the 'hamstring portion'. The hamstring portion is not considered part of the hamstring group of muscles, but it is adjacent to it.[WP,generalized]." [Wikipedia:Adductor_magnus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Origin by two heads that are separated by a ventral tendon of the M. semitendinosus. One head originates from the ventral border of the pubic portion of the pelvic rim. The other head originates from the ischiatic border of the pelvic rim. The ventral head fuses with accessory head from the M. semitendinosus and inserts along the ventro-medial border of the femur. The dorsal belly merges with the ventral and accessory heads and inserts along the medial surface of the femur." [AAO:0010040]
synonym: "adductor magnus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus adductor magnus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Adductor_magnus_muscle]
xref: BTO:0001312
xref: FMA:22443 ! Adductor magnus
xref: galen:AdductorMagnus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvuSd6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! adductor magnus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod
xref: SCTID:181688002 ! Entire adductor magnus muscle
xref: AAO:0010040 ! M. adductor magnus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="tuberosity of the ischium"} ! pubis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia"} ! femur
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005465 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior branch of obturator nerve and sciatic nerve"} ! obturator nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001322 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior branch of obturator nerve and sciatic nerve"} ! sciatic nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Origin by two heads that are separated by a ventral tendon of the M. semitendinosus. One head originates from the ventral border of the pubic portion of the pelvic rim. The other head originates from the ischiatic border of the pelvic rim. The ventral head fuses with accessory head from the M. semitendinosus and inserts along the ventro-medial border of the femur. The dorsal belly merges with the ventral and accessory heads and inserts along the medial surface of the femur.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010040", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001382
name: pectineus muscle
def: "An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, The pectineus muscle is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior part of the upper and medial aspect of the thigh. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh (when the function is emphasized) or the anterior compartment of thigh (when the nerve is emphasized). [WP,generalized]." [Wikipedia:Pectineus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the lateral border of the ilium and the anterior margin of the pubis. It inserts on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft." [AAO:0010036]
synonym: "pectineus" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus pectineus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectineus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22440 ! Pectineus
xref: MA:0002353 ! pectineus
xref: AAO:0010036 ! M. pectineus
synonym: "M. pectineus" EXACT [AAO:0010036]
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectineus ! Pectineus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: SCTID:245017006 ! Entire pectineus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="pectineal line - superior pubic ramus"} ! pubis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia"} ! femur
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001267 {source="dbpedia", notes="Femoral nerve sometimes obturator nerve"} ! femoral nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005465 {source="dbpedia", notes="Femoral nerve sometimes obturator nerve"} ! obturator nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Originates on the lateral border of the ilium and the anterior margin of the pubis. It inserts on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010036", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: UMLS:C0224447

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000950
name: gracilis
def: "The most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch." [Wikipedia:Gracilis_muscle]
comment: Editor's note: AAO has minor and major gracilis, which merge together, attaching the pelvic rim to the tibiofibula - this could be grouped with the mammalian gracilis at some level; note the current insertion site is 'tibia' which would be modified for amphibian tibiafibula
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gracilis muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000536]
synonym: "musculus gracilis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Gracilis_muscle]
xref: FMA:43882 ! Gracilis
xref: galen:Gracilis
xref: MA:0002311 ! gracilis
xref: ncithesaurus:Gracilis ! Gracilis
xref: BTO:0000536 ! gracilis muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7If8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gracilis muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod
xref: SCTID:181689005 ! Entire gracilis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001272 {source="dbpedia", notes="ischiopubic ramus"} ! innominate bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia", notes="pes anserinus"} ! tibia
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011914 {source="Kardong"} ! pubioischiotibialis muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0224439

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011914 ! pubioischiotibialis muscle
name: pubioischiotibialis muscle
def: "A muscle of lower tetrapods that covers musch of the lower thing and retracts it. Homologous to mammalian gracilis" [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="Kardong"} ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 {source="Kardong"} ! hindlimb stylopod
synonym: "pubioischiotibialis" EXACT []
synonym: "M. pubioischiotibialis" EXACT []


[Term]
id: UBERON:0011043
name: obturator muscle
def: "One of: obturator externus or obturator internus" [Wikipedia:Obturator_muscles]
is_a: UBERON:0002000 {source="FMA"} ! gluteal muscle
xref: FMA:19083 ! obturator muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Muscle ! obturator muscle
xref: SCTID:245024007 ! Entire obturator muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224421

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001368
name: obturator externus
def: "An adductor muscle that attaches to the femur and the pelvis. In humans, the obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [WP,generalized]." [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the ventro-lateral pelvic rim and inserts on the ventral aspect of the femur, medial to the insertion of the pectineus." [AAO:0010043]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external obturator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "external obturatus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "externus obturator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "obturator externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "obturatorius externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "obturatus externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "external obturator" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22299 ! Obturator externus
xref: MA:0002347 ! obturator externus
xref: AAO:0010043 ! M. obturator externus
synonym: "M. obturator externus" EXACT [AAO:0010043]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0011043 {source="FMA"} ! obturator muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle
xref: SCTID:245026009 ! Entire obturator externus
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Externus_Muscle ! obturator externus muscle
synonym: "musculus obturatorius externus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006803 {source="dbpedia", notes="obturator foramen and obturatory membrane"} ! obturator foramen
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia", notes="trochanteric fossa of femur"} ! femur
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Originates on the ventro-lateral pelvic rim and inserts on the ventral aspect of the femur, medial to the insertion of the pectineus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010043", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: UMLS:C1518528

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011048
name: obturator internus
def: "The obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis. It exits the pelvic cavity through the lesser sciatic foramen. The obturator internus is situated partly within the lesser pelvis, and partly at the back of the hip-joint. It functions to help laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, as well as to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum." [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the entire lateral surface of the pelvic rim. Dorsal fibers insert distally to the dorso-medial surface of the caput femoris and ventral fibers extend around the acetabulum to insert on the tendon of the caput femoris." [AAO:0010052]
synonym: "internus obturator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
synonym: "obturator internus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
synonym: "obturatorius internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
synonym: "internal obturator" EXACT  [FMA:22298]
synonym: "musculus obturator internus" EXACT  [FMA:22298]
is_a: UBERON:0011043 {source="FMA"} ! obturator muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle
xref: FMA:22298 ! obturator internus
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Internus_Muscle ! obturator internus muscle
xref: SCTID:245025008 ! Entire obturator internus
xref: AAO:0010052 ! M. obturator internus
synonym: "musculus obturatorius internus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002503 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial aspect of the Greater trochanter"} ! greater trochanter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Originates on the entire lateral surface of the pelvic rim. Dorsal fibers insert distally to the dorso-medial surface of the caput femoris and ventral fibers extend around the acetabulum to insert on the tendon of the caput femoris.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010052", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: UMLS:C1518529


[Term]
id: UBERON:0000307
name: blastula
alt_id: UBERON:0007011
def: "Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence." [Wikipedia:Blastula]
comment: TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula
subset: inconsistent_with_fma
synonym: "blastosphere" RELATED [Wikipedia:Blastula]
synonym: "blastula embryo" EXACT [BILA:0000059]
xref: BTO:0000128
xref: OGEM:000006 ! blastula (also: UBERON:0000358 'blastocyst')
xref: GAID:1294 ! blastula (also: UBERON:0000108 'blastula stage')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg ! blastula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/200px-Blastulation.png
xref: MESH:A16.254.270.274 ! blastula
xref: BILA:0000059 ! blastula embryo
is_a: UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0000108 ! blastula stage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007010 ! cleaving embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004734 ! gastrula
name: gastrula
alt_id: UBERON:0007012
def: "Organism at the gastrula stage." [Wikipedia:Gastrula, Wikipedia:Trilaminar_blastocyst]
comment: We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here
synonym: "gastrula embryo" EXACT [BILA:0000060]
synonym: "tri-laminar disc" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "tri-laminar disk" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar disc" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar disk" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar germ" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar blastoderm" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "blastocystis trilaminaris" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "trilaminar blastocyst" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MIAA:0000179 ! gastrula
xref: BTO:0001403 ! gastrula
xref: GAID:1302 ! gastrula
xref: MESH:A16.254.412 ! gastrula
xref: BILA:0000060 ! gastrula embryo
xref: FBbt:00005317 ! gastrula embryo
is_a: UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0000109 ! gastrula stage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000307 ! blastula
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastrula ! Gastrula
xref: ncithesaurus:Trilaminar_Embryonic_Disc ! trilaminar embryonic disc
xref: UMLS:C0017199
xref: UMLS:C1284022

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000309
name: body wall
def: "the external portion of an animal body comprised of ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity." [MP:0003385]
synonym: "trunk wall" EXACT [FMA:10427]
synonym: "wall of trunk" EXACT [FMA:10427]
synonym: "Koerperwand" RELATED [BTO:0000139]
xref: BTO:0000139
xref: FMA:10427 ! Body wall
xref: galen:BodyWall
is_a: UBERON:0009569 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of trunk
xref: SCTID:281483004 ! Entire body wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000310
name: breast
def: "The breast is the upper ventral region of an animal's torso, particularly that of mammals, including human beings. The breasts of a female primate’s body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Breast]
synonym: "mammary part of chest" EXACT [FMA:9601]
synonym: "mammary region" EXACT [FMA:9601]
xref: BTO:0000149
xref: FMA:9601 ! Breast
xref: galen:Breast
xref: ncithesaurus:Breast ! Breast
xref: GAID:33 ! breast
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjV7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! breast
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Closeup_of_female_breast.jpg/200px-Closeup_of_female_breast.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.236 ! breast
xref: EV:0100124 ! breast
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest
xref: SCTID:181131000 ! Entire breast
synonym: "mamma" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Breast]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Closeup_of_female_breast.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0006141

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000314
name: cecum mucosa
def: "A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cecal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14998]
synonym: "caecum mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cecum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cecum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cecum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinum crassum caecum mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of cecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of cecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of intestinum crassum caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of cecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of intestinum crassum caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of cecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000213
xref: FMA:14998 ! Mucosa of cecum
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001153 ! cecum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000315
name: subarachnoid space
def: "The space between the arachnoid and pia mater." [GOC:add, Wikipedia:Subarachnoid_space, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1109502&aid=3535256&group_id=76834]
synonym: "cavitas subarachnoidea" RELATED LATIN [BTO:0000230]
synonym: "spatium leptomeningeum" RELATED LATIN [BTO:0000230]
synonym: "spatium subarachnoideum" RELATED LATIN [BTO:0000230]
synonym: "subarachnoid cavity" RELATED [BTO:0000230]
xref: BTO:0000230
xref: FMA:83716 ! Subarachnoid space
xref: GAID:689 ! subarachnoid space
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray769.png/200px-Gray769.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.566.166.686 ! subarachnoid space
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
relationship: contains UBERON:0001359 ! cerebrospinal fluid
relationship: contains UBERON:0001981 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! blood vessel
xref: SCTID:362311001 ! Entire subarachnoid space
synonym: "spatium subarachnoideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subarachnoid_space]
synonym: "cavum subarachnoideale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subarachnoid_space]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray769-en.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008334
name: subarachnoid sulcus
xref: FMA:75759 ! subarachnoid sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000315 ! subarachnoid space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002192
name: ventricular system choroidal fissure
def: "The narrow cleft along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle along the margins of which the choroid plexus is attached; it lies between the upper surface of the thalamus and lateral edge of the fornix in the central part of the ventricle and between the terminal stria and fimbria hippocampi in the inferior horn[ZFA]." [ISBN:0815318960, ZFA:0001075]
comment: Usage notes: not to be confused with optic fissure. the choroidal fissure is a subarachnoid space (via subarachnoid fissure in FMA). AO notes: Most ontologies appear to have switched to using less confusing primary terms for optic and choroidal fissues. Still need to check FMA - two possible terms? CARO notes: is this a groove or a space or a line? Structure notes: relate to lateral ventricle?
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "chorioidal fissure" RELATED [FMA:74512]
synonym: "chorioid fissure" RELATED [FMA:74512]
synonym: "choroid fissure" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:74512, TAO:0001075]
synonym: "lateral ventricle choroid fissure" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000250]
synonym: "choroid invagination" RELATED  [EHDAA2:0000250]
synonym: "choroidal fissure of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83715]
synonym: "ventricular system choroid fissure" EXACT [VHOG:0001756]
xref: FMA:74512 ! Choroidal fissure
xref: TAO:0001075 ! choroid fissure
xref: ZFA:0001075 ! choroidal fissure
xref: EHDAA2:0000250 ! lateral ventricle choroid fissure
xref: FMA:83715 ! choroidal fissure of lateral ventricle
xref: EHDAA:7567 ! choroid invagination
xref: EMAPA:17548 ! choroid invagination
xref: EMAPA:17768 ! choroid fissure
xref: VHOG:0001756 ! ventricular system choroid fissure
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroidal_Fissure ! Choroidal Fissure
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005358 ! ventricle of nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005412 ! optic fissure
synonym: "choroidal fissure" RELATED [FMA:74512]
xref: UMLS:C0262212

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008335
name: ventrolateral sulcus of medulla oblongata
def: "A longitudinal sulcus on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata, lateral to the pyramid, from which emerge the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
synonym: "anterolateral groove of medulla oblongata" RELATED  [BTO:0002777]
synonym: "sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae" RELATED  [BTO:0002777]
synonym: "sulcus ventrolateralis medullae spinalis" RELATED  [BTO:0002777]
synonym: "ventrolateral sulcus of spinal cord" RELATED  [BTO:0002777]
synonym: "anterolateral sulcus of medulla" EXACT  [FMA:83797]
synonym: "sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ventrolateral fissure of medulla" EXACT  [FMA:83797]
synonym: "ventrolateral sulcus" EXACT  [FMA:83797]
synonym: "ventrolateral sulcus of medulla" EXACT  [FMA:83797]
is_a: UBERON:0008334 {source="FMA"} ! subarachnoid sulcus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="BTO"} ! medulla oblongata
xref: BTO:0002777 ! anterolateral sulcus of medulla oblongata
xref: FMA:83797 ! ventrolateral sulcus of medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:279291001 ! Entire spinal cord ventrolateral sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000319
name: cytotrophoblast
def: "The cytotrophoblast (or layer of Langhans) is the inner layer of the trophoblast, interior to the syncytiotrophoblast in an embryo. It serves to anchor the embryonic chorion to the maternal endometrium. Cytotrophoblasts are stem cells in the chorionic villi. During differentiation, mononuclear cytotrophoblast fuse together into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. The primary villi has only the cytotrophoblast as an axe. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cytotrophoblast]
comment: Editors note: todo - unify with EHDAA2, which distinguishes multiple types of cytotrophoblast
synonym: "cellular trophoblast" EXACT [FMA:83039]
synonym: "cytotrophoblastic cell" RELATED [FMA:83039]
synonym: "cytotrophoblastic cell layer" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "Langhans' layer" RELATED [BTO:0000322]
synonym: "layer of Langhans" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000322
xref: FMA:83039 ! Cytotrophoblast
xref: ncithesaurus:Cytotrophoblast ! Cytotrophoblast
xref: EHDAA:127 ! cytotrophoblast
xref: EHDAA:152 ! cytotrophoblast
xref: EHDAA:89 ! cytotrophoblast
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray36.png/200px-Gray36.png
xref: EMAPA:16067 ! cytotrophoblast
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000088 ! trophoblast
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000453 ! decidua basalis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000371 ! syncytiotrophoblast
xref: SCTID:308841008 ! Entire cytotrophoblast
synonym: "cytotrophoblastus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cytotrophoblast]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray36.png
xref: VHOG:0000683 ! cytotrophoblast
property_value: external_definition "A derivative layer of the trophoblast, the cells of which retain their boundaries and contribute to the extraembryonic mesoderm [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.189, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000683", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0230960

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000320
name: duodenal mucosa
alt_id: UBERON:0003348
def: "A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Doudenal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14942]
synonym: "Duodenal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:14942]
synonym: "mucous membrane of duodenum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of duodenum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "duodenum mucosa" RELATED [BTO:0000367]
xref: BTO:0000367
xref: FMA:14942 ! Mucosa of duodenum
xref: EMAPA:27235 ! mucosa of duodenum of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: SCTID:362146003 ! Entire duodenal mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000322
name: cerebral lobe
comment: set/singular
synonym: "Cerebral lobes" EXACT [FMA:77800]
synonym: "Cerebral lobes set" EXACT [FMA:77800]
xref: BTO:0000445
xref: FMA:77800 ! Set of cerebral lobes
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! region of cerebral cortex
synonym: "lobi cerebri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77800]
xref: SCTID:272632001 ! Entire cerebral lobe
synonym: "set of cerebral lobes" RELATED [FMA:77800]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000323
name: late embryo
comment: TODO - check fetus/embryo. WP: An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination. In humans, it is called an embryo until about eight weeks after fertilization (i.e. ten weeks LMP), and from then it is instead called a fetus.
synonym: "embryo late growth stage" RELATED [BTO:0000449]
synonym: "embryo late stage" RELATED [BTO:0000449]
synonym: "fetus" NARROW [BTO:0000449]
xref: BTO:0000449
xref: FMA:63919 ! Fetus
xref: ncithesaurus:Fetus ! Fetus
xref: EFO:0001323 ! fetus
xref: GAID:552 ! fetus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! fetus
xref: MESH:A16.378 ! fetus
is_a: UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: existence_ends_with UBERON:0007220 ! late embryonic stage
xref: SCTID:83418008 ! fetus
xref: FBbt:00005333 ! late embryo
xref: UMLS:C0015965
xref: CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004716
name: conceptus
def: "The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]." [Wikipedia:Conceptus, BTO:0003834]
synonym: "embryo plus adnexa" EXACT []
xref: Wikipedia:Conceptus ! conceptus
xref: BTO:0003834 ! conceptus
xref: EHDAA2:0003235 ! conceptus
xref: EHDAA2:0000001 ! human conceptus
xref: AEO:0000194 ! conceptus
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: existence_ends_with UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: existence_starts_with UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from CL:0000365 ! zygote
xref: ncithesaurus:Conceptus ! Conceptus
xref: UMLS:C1516779

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000922
name: embryo
def: "Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant." [BTO:0000379, FB:FBrf0039741, FB:FBrf0041814, GO:0009790, Wikipedia:Embryo]
comment: Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "developmental tissue" RELATED []
synonym: "developing organism" RELATED [BILA:0000056]
synonym: "embryonic organism" EXACT [BILA:0000056]
xref: BTO:0000379
xref: EHDAA:38 ! embryo
xref: FBbt:00000052 ! embryo
xref: FMA:69068 ! Embryo
xref: GAID:963 ! embryo
xref: MAT:0000226 ! embryo
xref: MIAA:0000019 ! developmental tissue (also: UBERON:0005423 'developing anatomical structure')
xref: XAO:0000113 ! embryo
xref: OGEM:000001 ! embryo
xref: ncithesaurus:Embryo ! Embryo
xref: EFO:0001367 ! embryo
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! embryo
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 ! embryo
xref: EHDAA2:0000002 ! human embryo
xref: ZFA:0000103 ! embryo
xref: AEO:0000169 ! embryo
xref: EMAPA:16039 ! embryo
xref: MESH:A16.254 ! embryo
xref: BILA:0000056 ! embryonic organism
xref: VHOG:0001766 ! embryo
xref: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Embryonic_organism
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_ends_with UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
intersection_of: existence_starts_with UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
xref: AAO:0011035 ! embryo
xref: SCTID:57991002 ! Entire embryo
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Wrinkledfrog_embryos.jpg
xref: VHOG:0001766 ! embryo
property_value: has_relational_adjective "embryonic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0013935

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005889
name: zygote cortex
synonym: "cortex" BROAD [XAO:0000216, AAO:0010327]
comment: Usage notes: candidate for obsoletion
xref: XAO:0000216 ! cortex
xref: AAO:0010327 ! cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part
relationship: part_of CL:0000365 ! zygote

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000326
name: pancreatic juice
def: "Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach." [GO:0030157]
synonym: "succus pancreaticus" RELATED [BTO:0000504]
xref: BTO:0000504
xref: FMA:62973 ! Pancreatic juice
xref: GAID:1166 ! pancreatic juice
xref: MESH:A12.200.567 ! pancreatic juice
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: secreted_by UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000328
name: gut wall
synonym: "wall of gut" EXACT [FMA:45653]
synonym: "wall of digestive tract" EXACT []
synonym: "wall of alimentary tract" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000547
xref: FMA:45653 ! Wall of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000060 ! anatomical wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000331
name: ileal mucosa
def: "A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ileal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:14956]
synonym: "ileum mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14956]
synonym: "ileum mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ileum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ileum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ileum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of ileum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of ileum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of ileum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of ileum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000619
xref: FMA:14956 ! Mucosa of ileum
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002116 ! ileum
xref: SCTID:85458007 ! Ileal mucous membrane structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000341
name: throat
def: "In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Throat]
comment: Taxon notes: The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals.
synonym: "gula" RELATED LATIN []
xref: BTO:0000828
xref: FMA:228738 ! Throat
xref: ncithesaurus:Throat ! Throat
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtO_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! throat
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Throat_Diagram.png/200px-Throat_Diagram.png
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Throat_Diagram.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "gular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0230069

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004923
name: organ component layer
xref: FMA:82485 ! Organ component layer
subset: upper_level
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000060 ! anatomical wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000344
name: mucosa
def: "A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]" [Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane]
comment: AO notes: FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately
synonym: "mucosa of organ" EXACT [FMA:85355]
synonym: "mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:85355]
synonym: "organ mucosa" EXACT [FMA:85355]
synonym: "region of mucosa" RELATED [FMA:85358]
synonym: "mucosa of organ part" EXACT [FMA:85358]
synonym: "mucosal region" EXACT [FMA:85358]
synonym: "tunica mucosa" RELATED [BTO:0000886]
xref: BTO:0000886
xref: FMA:85355 ! Mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Mucosa ! Mucosa
xref: GAID:297 ! mucous membrane
xref: FMA:85358 ! Region of mucosa
xref: galen:Mucosa ! mucosa
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! mucous membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png
xref: EHDAA2:0003234 ! mucous membrane
xref: AEO:0000199 ! mucous membrane
xref: MESH:A10.615.550 ! mucous membrane
xref: EV:0100382 ! mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: capable_of GO:0070254 ! mucus secretion
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
xref: SCTID:361693009 ! Entire mucous membrane
synonym: "tunica mucosa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mucosal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0026724

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000030
name: lamina propria
def: "A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions." [Wikipedia:Lamina_propria]
comment: Editor notes: need to implement rules such that "lamina propria of X" is classified as part of some "mucosa of X"
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica propria" RELATED [BTO:0002330]
xref: ncithesaurus:Lamina_Propria ! Lamina Propria
xref: BTO:0002330 ! lamina propria
xref: FMA:62517 ! Lamina propria
xref: SCTID:298225002 ! Lamina propria mucosae
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GI_Organization.svg/250px-GI_Organization.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0011825 ! loose connective tissue
relationship: immediately_deep_to UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1179187

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
name: muscularis mucosa
def: "A the thin layer of smooth muscle found in most parts of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria mucosae and separating it from the submucosa[WP]." [Wikipedia:Muscularis_mucosae]
synonym: "muscularis mucosae" EXACT [FMA:68413]
synonym: "laminar muscularis mucosa" RELATED [Wikipedia:Muscularis_mucosae]
synonym: "lamina muscularis mucosa" RELATED  [BTO:0004839]
xref: FMA:68413 ! Muscularis mucosae
xref: BTO:0004839 ! muscularis mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="FMA"} ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 {source="BTO"} ! digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000344 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mucosa
relationship: immediately_deep_to UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscularis_Mucosa ! Muscularis Mucosa
xref: galen:MuscularisMucosae
xref: SCTID:370140002 ! Muscularis mucosae
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Gray1058.png
xref: UMLS:C0225357

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000009
name: submucosa
def: "A layer of dense irregular connective tissue in the gastrointestinal tract that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Submucosa]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "organ submucosa" EXACT [FMA:85391]
synonym: "submucosa of organ" EXACT [FMA:85391]
synonym: "region of submucosa" EXACT [FMA:85392]
synonym: "submucosa of region of organ" EXACT [FMA:85392]
synonym: "submucous layer" RELATED [BTO:0002107]
synonym: "tela submucosa" RELATED [BTO:0002107]
synonym: "tunica submucosa" RELATED []
xref: FMA:85391 ! Submucosa
xref: FMA:85392 ! Region of submucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Submucosa ! Submucosa
xref: BTO:0002107 ! submucosa
xref: SCTID:68439008 ! Tunica submucosa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: composed_primarily_of  UBERON:0011822 ! dense irregular connective tissue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "submucosal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0225344

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
name: muscle layer
def: "A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis." [Wikipedia:Muscular_layer]
comment: AO notes: NCITA class appears to be defined more generally
synonym: "muscularis" RELATED []
synonym: "muscularis layer" EXACT [FMA:45634]
synonym: "muscular layer" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscular coat" RELATED [Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa]
synonym: "muscularis propria" RELATED [Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa]
synonym: "transverse muscular fibers" RELATED [Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa]
synonym: "tunica muscularis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Muscularis_externa]
synonym: "muscularis externa" RELATED  [BTO:0004838]
synonym: "tunica externa" RELATED  [BTO:0004838]
synonym: "tunica muscularis" EXACT LATIN  [BTO:0004838]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
xref: FMA:45634 ! Muscle layer
xref: BTO:0004838 ! muscular coat
xref: SCTID:86915006 ! Muscularis propria
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_Layer ! Muscle Layer
property_value: external_definition "An outer layer of smooth muscle surrounding a hollow or tubular organ as the bladder, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, ureter, uterus, and vagina that often consists of an inner layer of circular fibers serving to narrow the lumen of the organ and an outer layer of longitudinal fibers serving to shorten its length[BTO]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0004838"}
xref: UMLS:C0225358

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012368 ! circular muscle layer
name: circular muscle layer
synonym: "inner muscularis" RELATED  [FMA:62899]
synonym: "inner muscularis layer" RELATED  [FMA:62899]
synonym: "circular smooth muscle" RELATED [BTO:0005213]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
xref: FMA:62899 ! inner muscle layer
xref: BTO:0005213 ! circular smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012369 ! longitudinal muscle layer
name: longitudinal muscle layer
synonym: "outer muscularis" RELATED  [FMA:62900]
synonym: "outer muscularis layer" RELATED  [FMA:62900]
synonym: "longitudinal smooth muscle" RELATED [BTO:0005214]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
xref: FMA:62900 ! outer muscle layer
xref: BTO:0005214 ! longitudinal smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000345
name: myelin
def: "a dielectric (electrically insulating) material that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron. Myelin is about 40 % water; the dry mass of myelin is about 70 - 85 % lipids and about 15 - 30 % proteins. Some of the proteins that make up myelin are myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and proteolipid protein (PLP). The primary lipid of myelin is a glycolipid called galactocerebroside (GalC). The intertwining hydrocarbon chains of sphingomyelin serve to strengthen the myelin sheath." [Wikipedia:Myelin]
comment: editor note: cede to other ontology. Retired in ncit
xref: BTO:0000894
xref: FMA:62977 ! Myelin
xref: ncithesaurus:Myelin ! Myelin
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000346
name: myelin membrane
comment: BTO has def The multilamellar myelin membrane is a specisalised lipid-rich domain of the glial cell plasma membrane. FMA has primary term name Myelinated plasma membrane of Schwann cell
synonym: "myelinated plasma membrane of Schwann cell" EXACT [FMA:73417]
xref: BTO:0000895
xref: FMA:73417 ! Myelinated plasma membrane of Schwann cell
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000345 ! myelin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000347
name: myelin sheath
def: "the insulating envelope that surrounds nerve fibers or axons." [MP:0003871]
synonym: "medullary sheath" RELATED [BTO:0000900]
xref: BTO:0000900
xref: FMA:62983 ! Myelin sheath
xref: ncithesaurus:Myelin_Sheath ! Myelin Sheath
xref: GO:0043209 ! myelin sheath
xref: GAID:731 ! myelin sheath
xref: MESH:A08.637.600.500 ! myelin sheath
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000345 ! myelin
xref: UMLS:C0026973

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011096
name: lacrimal nerve
def: "The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_nerve]
is_a: UBERON:0002003 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0000348 {source="FMA"} ! ophthalmic nerve
xref: FMA:52628 ! lacrimal nerve
xref: SCTID:280218007 ! Entire lacrimal nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Gray787.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000349
name: limbic system
def: "A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. including the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, and limbic cortex, which support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, and olfaction [Wikipedia]." [BIRNLEX:Limbic_system, Wikipedia:Limbic_system]
comment: obsoletion recommended. The current part_of children were chosen as the intersection of what is stated in wikipedia and in the FMA. NIF: We are including Limbic System because it is still used by neuroscientists and others, but as a data annotation term, it is very poor because it is not a clearly defined entity.
xref: BTO:0000928
xref: FMA:242000 ! Limbic system
xref: GAID:615 ! limbic system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAeba5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! limbic system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Brain_limbicsystem.jpg/200px-Brain_limbicsystem.jpg
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577 ! limbic system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 {source="GO"} ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain
xref: SCTID:361342009 ! Entire limbic system
xref: ncithesaurus:Limbic_System ! limbic system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Brain_limbicsystem.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0023715

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000351
name: nuchal ligament
def: "a fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebræ. As it is required for running, not all animals have a nuchal ligament" [Wikipedia:Nuchal_ligament]
synonym: "paddywhack" RELATED [Wikipedia:Paddywhack]
synonym: "paxwax" RELATED []
synonym: "ligament of neck" EXACT [FMA:13427]
synonym: "ligamentum nuchae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:13427]
xref: BTO:0000952
xref: FMA:13427 ! Ligamentum nuchae
xref: EMAPA:19207 ! ligamentum nuchae
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012477 {source="BTO"} ! dorsal part of neck
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
xref: SCTID:166962007 ! Entire ligament of neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000353
name: parenchyma
def: "functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin[WP]." [Wikipedia:Parenchyma]
xref: FMA:45732 ! Parenchyma
xref: ncithesaurus:Parenchyma ! Parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:3015 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:3905 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:3999 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:4005 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:6899 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:6903 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:6994 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:8086 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:9182 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:9190 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:9196 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:9202 ! parenchyma
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
xref: UMLS:C0933845

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003937 ! sex gland
name: sex gland
def: "any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction" [MP:0000653]
synonym: "reproductive gland" EXACT [MA:0001751]
synonym: "genitalia gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001751 ! reproductive gland
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010147 ! male accessory sex gland
name: male accessory sex gland
def: "Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male." [BTO:0004798]
is_a: UBERON:0005399 {source="BTO"} ! male reproductive gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
xref: BTO:0004798 ! accessory sex gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005300
name: obsolete reproductive gland
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0003937 ! sex gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005398
name: female reproductive gland
xref: BTO:0000254 ! female reproductive gland
xref: MA:0000383 ! female reproductive gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0003937 ! sex gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003134 ! female reproductive organ
subset: organ_slim
def: "A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005399
name: male reproductive gland
xref: MA:0000399 ! male reproductive gland
xref: BTO:0000080 ! male reproductive gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0003937 ! sex gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
subset: organ_slim
def: "A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000359 ! preputial gland
name: preputial gland
def: "An exocrine gland that are located in front of the genitals of some mammals (including mice) and produce pheromones[WP]." [Wikipedia:Preputial_gland]
synonym: "preputial glands" EXACT [FMA:71652]
synonym: "preputial glands set" EXACT [FMA:71652]
synonym: "glandulae preputiales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71652]
synonym: "set of preputial glands" RELATED PLURAL [FMA:71652]
xref: FMA:71652 ! Set of preputial glands
xref: ncithesaurus:Prepucial_Gland_MMHCC ! Preputial Gland
xref: SCTID:278916008 ! Entire preputial gland
is_a: UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="ISBN10:0123813611"} ! Homo sapiens
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
property_value: homology_notes "There is debate about whether humans have functional homologues to preputial glands." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preputial_gland#Human_homologoues"}
property_value: external_definition "the paired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands of the corona, the neck of the glans penis, and the inner surface of the prepuce with pheromonal functions in male rodents; male preputial secretions strongly attract females, may accelerate estrus, and have been implicated in intermale aggression; homologous to the clitoral glands (aka female preputial glands) in female rodents; there is no true anatomical equivalent in humans." xsd:string {ontology="MP", external_class="MP:0002717"}
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C1947929

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005301
name: male preputial gland
def: "One of the sebaceous glands of the corona and neck of the glans penis." [MP:0002717]
comment: FMA:19653 was previously placed here, but  ISBN10:0123813611 states that no true equivalent in humans. See also https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3588536&group_id=76834&atid=1109502
synonym: "preputial gland" BROAD [BTO:0001111, EMAPA:30640]
synonym: "preputial gland of male" EXACT []
synonym: "preputial gland of penis" EXACT [FMA:19653]
synonym: "gland of Tyson" RELATED [BTO:0001111]
xref: EMAPA:30640 ! preputial gland
xref: BTO:0001111 ! preputial gland
xref: MA:0000403 ! male preputial gland
xref: EMAPA:30502 ! preputial gland of male of preputial swelling of male
xref: EMAPA:30659 ! preputial gland of male of prepuce of male of penis
is_a: UBERON:0010147 ! male accessory sex gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0000359 ! preputial gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001332 ! prepuce of penis
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="ISBN10:0123813611"} ! Homo sapiens
xref: ncithesaurus:Preputial_Gland ! Preputial Gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! male reproductive system
xref: UMLS:C0227956

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005302
name: female preputial gland
def: "The paired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands located on the side of the clitoris in female rodents; in contrast to the preputial glands in male rodents, clitoral glands are a minor source of olfactory stimuli contributing to sexual attractivity; unlike other sebaceous glands, they undergo progressive atrophy of the glandular portion with marked ductal ectasia as rodents age; there is no true anatomical equivalent in humans[MP]." [MP:0011834, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3588536&group_id=76834&atid=1109502]
synonym: "clitoral gland" EXACT [MA:0001702]
synonym: "preputial gland of female" EXACT [EMAPA:30499]
xref: MA:0001703 ! female preputial gland
xref: MA:0001702 ! clitoral gland
xref: EMAPA:30499 ! preputial gland of female of preputial swelling of female
xref: EMAPA:30711 ! preputial gland of female of prepuce of female
xref: BTO:0003119 ! clitoral gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0000359 ! preputial gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="ISBN10:0123813611"} ! Homo sapiens
xref: ncithesaurus:Clitoral_Gland ! Clitoral Gland
property_value: external_definition "large, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands located on the side of the clitoris in female mice; little is known about their function and, unlike other sebaceous glands, they undergo progressive atrophy of the glandular portion with marked ductal ectasia as mice age; there is no equivalent gland in humans." xsd:string {source="MP", source="MGI:J:63036"}
xref: UMLS:C2699356

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012327
name: pearly penile papule
def: "small saliences on the ridge of the glans of the male genital organs." [Wikipedia:Hirsuties_coronae_glandis]
synonym: "preputial gland of penis" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:19653]
synonym: "hirsuties coronae glandis" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Hirsuties_coronae_glandis]
synonym: "hirsutoid papilloma" EXACT [Wikipedia:Hirsuties_coronae_glandis]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001332 {source="FMA"} ! prepuce of penis
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="Wikipedia:Preputial_gland"} ! Homo sapiens
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005301 ! male preputial gland
xref: FMA:19653 ! preputial gland of penis


[Term]
id: UBERON:0012328
name: penile spine
def: "Keratinized structures along the glans and/or shaft of their penis that may be involved in sexual selection." [Wikipedia:Penile_spines]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008331
name: clitoral smooth muscle
synonym: "clitoris smooth muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0005000]
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="BTO"} ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002411 {source="BTO"} ! clitoris
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002411 ! clitoris
xref: BTO:0005000 ! clitoral smooth muscle
def: "A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a clitoris." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000360
name: obsolete rectal gland
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0004757
consider: UBERON:0004758
consider: UBERON:0004759
consider: UBERON:0004760

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004757
name: rectal gland
def: "An evagination of the terminal portion of the intestine of Elasmobranchii. Function formerly thought to be related to digestion or excretion, but now considered to secrete high concentrations of excess sodium chloride. Found also in the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae[BTO]." [BTO:0001157]
comment: does not include FMA:15724 Rectal gland // epithelial tissue gland - concentrates & secretes excess Na & Cl in sharks. large shark liver produces copious amounts of urea, making the shark hyperosmotic to seawater, & thus a shark acts like a fresh water fish, constantly gaining water. Excess salts are concentrated by the rectal gland and secreted
xref: BTO:0001157
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
relationship: capable_of GO:0055078 ! sodium ion homeostasis
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 ! Gnathostomata
xref: SCTID:80455007 ! Rectal gland
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004758
name: salt gland
def: "an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs, seabirds, and some reptiles. In sharks, salt glands are found in the rectum, but in birds and reptiles, they are found in or on the skull, in the area of the eyes, nostrils or mouth. In crocodiles, the salt is excreted through the tongue. Such glands work by active transport via sodium-potassium pump that moves salt from the blood into the gland, where it can be excreted as a concentrated solution. Salt glands function to keep salt balance, and allow marine vertebrates to drink seawater[WP]." [Wikipedia:Salt_gland]
subset: functional_classification
xref: GAID:1235 ! salt gland
xref: BTO:0001204 ! salt gland
xref: MESH:A13.811 ! salt gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0055078 ! sodium ion homeostasis
relationship: confers_advantage_in ENVO:00000569 ! marine habitat
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004759
name: salt gland of cranial region
def: "A salt gland located in the cranium or cranial region." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0055078 ! sodium ion homeostasis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004760
name: gland of anal canal
def: "A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Anal_gland]
synonym: "rectal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "anal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "anal sac" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Anal_gland]
synonym: "gland of anus" RELATED []
synonym: "gland of anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15724 ! Rectal glan
xref: FMA:15720 ! anal gland
xref: EMAPA:27233 ! gland of mucosa of rostral part of anal canal
xref: EMAPA:27221 ! gland of mucosa of caudal part of anal canal
xref: EMAPA:27543 ! gland of mucosa of anal canal
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Anal_Gland ! Anal Gland (also: UBERON:0011253 'gland of anal sac')
subset: organ_slim
xref: SCTID:245448005 ! Entire anal gland
xref: UMLS:C0162322

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011252 ! scent gland
name: scent gland
def: "Scent glands are exocrine glands found in most mammals. They produce semi-viscous secretions which contain pheromones and other semiochemical compounds. These odor-messengers indicate information such as status, territory marking, mood, and sexual power. The odor may be subliminal—not consciously detectable. Though it is not their primary function, the salivary glands may also function as scent glands in some animals." [Wikipedia:Scent_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Civetglands.png
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: has_function_in GO:0035636 ! multi-organism signaling
xref: BTO:0002068 ! scent gland
xref: MESH:A13.820 ! scent gland
property_value: external_definition "Exocrine glands in animals which secrete scents which either repel or attract other animals, e.g. perianal glands of skunks, anal glands of weasels, musk glands of foxes, ventral glands of wood rats, and dorsal glands of peccaries[MESH:A13.820]." xsd:string {source="MESH:A13.820"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013234
name: violet gland
def: "The violet gland or supracaudal gland is an important gland located on the upper surface of the tail of certain mammals, including European badgers and canids such as foxes, wolves the domestic dog, as well as the domestic cat. It is used for intra species signalling, scent marking, and contributes to the strong odor of foxes in particular." [Wikipedia:Violet_gland]
synonym: "supracaudal gland" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011252 ! scent gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008978 ! anal sac
name: anal sac
def: "In carnivores, either of two sacs found between the internal and external anal sphincters, lined with sebaceous glands and in some species with apocrine glands." [BTO:0001681]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 {source="BTO"} ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001245 {source="BTO"} ! anus
xref: SCTID:362169000 ! Entire anal sac
xref: BTO:0001681 ! anal sac
xref: MESH:A13.073 ! anal sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011253
name: gland of anal sac
def: "." [Wikipedia:Anal_gland]
synonym: "anal sac gland" EXACT []
synonym: "anal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "musk gland" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011252 ! scent gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008978 ! anal sac
xref: ncithesaurus:Anal_Gland ! anal gland (also: UBERON:0004760 'gland of anal canal')
xref: SCTID:91610001 ! Anal sac glands
xref: UMLS:C0162322

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013212
name: anal sac gland secretion
synonym: "anal gland secretion" RELATED []
synonym: "hyena butter" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Hyena_butter]
synonym: "musk" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0011253 ! gland of anal sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012281 ! perianal gland
name: perianal gland
synonym: "circumanal gland" RELATED  [MESH:A13.734]
synonym: "perianal gland" RELATED  [MESH:A13.734]
is_a: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
xref: MESH:A13.734 ! perianal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Perianal_Gland ! perianal gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011263 ! femoral gland
name: femoral gland
def: "A gland arranged along a row on the underside of the hindlimb in some lizards[Kardong]" [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 {source="Kardong"} ! integument
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 {source="Kardong"} ! hindlimb stylopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 {source="Kardong"} ! exocrine system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011264
name: femoral pore
def: "Femoral pores are a part of a holocrine secretory gland found on the inside of the thighs of certain lizards and amphisbaenians which releases pheromones to attract mates or mark territory. In certain species only the male has these pores and in other species, both sexes have them, with the males being larger.[1] Femoral pores appear as a series of pits or holes within a row of scales on the ventral portion of the animal's thigh." [Wikipedia:Femoral_pore]
comment: Taxon notes: Femoral pores are present in all genera in the families Cordylidae, Crotaphytidae, Hoplocercidae, Iguanidae, Phrynosomatidae, and Xantusiidae.[1] They are absent in all genera in the Anguidae, Chamaeleonidae, Dibamidae, Helodermatidae, Scincidae, Xenosauridae, and Varanidae families.[1] They are present in other lizards and amphisbaenians quite variably, some geckoes, Phelsuma, for example have these pores, others in the same family do not[WP]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011263 ! femoral gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000362
name: renal medulla
def: "The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the arcuate arterioles. The arcuate arterioles each in turn branch into interlobular arterioles, which finally reach the glomeruli. At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the serum portion of the blood out of the vessel into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle, and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct, leading to the renal ureter. The renal medulla (latin renes medulla = kidney middle) contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. The renal medulla is hypertonic to the filtrate in the nephron and aids in the reabsorption of water. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Renal_medulla]
synonym: "renal medullae" EXACT [FMA:86327]
synonym: "renal medullae set" EXACT [FMA:86327]
synonym: "kidney medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medullary pyramids" EXACT [FMA:74268]
synonym: "renal pyramids" EXACT [FMA:74268]
synonym: "renal pyramids set" EXACT [FMA:74268]
synonym: "renal marrow" RELATED [BTO:0001167]
synonym: "medulla renalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74268]
synonym: "pyramides renales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74268]
xref: BTO:0001167
xref: FMA:74268 ! set of renal pyramids
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Medulla ! Renal Medulla
xref: GAID:425 ! kidney medulla
xref: galen:MedullaOfKidney ! medulla of kidney
xref: MA:0000373 ! kidney medulla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney.jpg
xref: EMAPA:19279 ! renal medulla
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.466 ! kidney medulla (also: UBERON:0001228 'renal papilla')
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: has_function_in GO:0070295 ! renal water reabsorption
xref: SCTID:30737000 ! Structure of medulla of kidney
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg
synonym: "set of renal pyramids" RELATED [FMA:74268]
synonym: "set of medullary pyramids" RELATED [FMA:74268]
xref: UMLS:C0022664

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004200 ! kidney pyramid
name: kidney pyramid
alt_id: UBERON:0005098
alt_id: UBERON:0002449
def: "Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]. One of a number of pyramidal masses seen on longitudinal section of the kidney; collectively, they constitute the renal medulla, and contain part of the secreting tubules and the collecting tubules[BTO]. Renal pyramids (or malpighian pyramids) are cone-shaped tissues of the kidney. The renal medulla is made up of 8 to 18 of these conical subdivisions. The broad base of each pyramid faces the renal cortex, and its apex, or papilla, points internally. The pyramids appear striped because they are formed by straight parallel segments of nephrons. [WP,unvetted]." [GO:0072056, Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids, BTO:0003926]
comment: not the same as FMA:50609 Pyramid (which is a volume / dimensional entity)
synonym: "pyramid" BROAD [GO:0072056]
synonym: "renal pyramid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids]
synonym: "malpighian pyramid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids]
synonym: "medullary pyramid" RELATED []
synonym: "pyramis renalis" RELATED [BTO:0003926]
synonym: "malphigian pyramid" RELATED [BTO:0003926]
synonym: "pyramid of Malphigi" RELATED [ncithesaurus:Pyramid_of_Malpighi]
xref: BTO:0003926 ! renal pyramid
xref: FMA:258870 ! Renal pyramid
xref: MA:0001654 ! renal pyramid
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Pyramid ! Renal Pyramid
xref: BTO:0003926 ! renal pyramid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000362 ! renal medulla
xref: SCTID:361328001 ! Entire renal pyramid
xref: ncithesaurus:Pyramid_of_Malpighi ! Pyramid of Malpighi
synonym: "pyramides renales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png
xref: UMLS:C1514613
xref: UMLS:C0227629

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000363
name: reticuloendothelial system
def: "A part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue. The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen. The Kupffer cells of the liver and tissue histiocytes are also part of the RES. A lymphoma of the reticuloendothelial system is called reticuloendotheliosis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Reticuloendothelial_system]
synonym: "mononuclear phagocyte system" EXACT [FMA:84189]
synonym: "lymphoreticular system" EXACT [Wikipedia:Reticuloendothelial_system]
synonym: "lymphoreticular" RELATED [BioMart:BioMart]
synonym: "RES" EXACT [Wikipedia:Reticuloendothelial_system]
xref: BTO:0001174
xref: FMA:84189 ! Mononuclear phagocyte system
xref: ncithesaurus:Reticuloendothelial_System ! Reticuloendothelial System
xref: GAID:1004 ! reticuloendothelial system
xref: MESH:A15.382.812 ! reticuloendothelial system
xref: EV:0100048 ! lymphoreticular system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
xref: SCTID:278874002 ! Entire lymphoreticular system
xref: UMLS:C0035287

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000364
name: obsolete rootlet
synonym: "Rootlets" EXACT [FMA:76787]
synonym: "Rootlets set" EXACT [FMA:76787]
xref: BTO:0001192
consider: FMA:76787 ! Set of rootlets
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "fila radicularia" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76787]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002435
name: striatum
def: "A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.[GO]." [Wikipedia:Striatum, GOC:jl]
comment: AO notes: FMA divides striatum of neuraxis into 4, neostriatum is seperate class. In NIF these are synonyms. TODO - check striatum vs corpus striatum see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striatum#History. Check caudoputamen
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "corpus striatum" RELATED [MA:0000891]
synonym: "neostriatum" EXACT [GO:0021756, Wikipedia:Striatum]
synonym: "striate nucleus" EXACT [GO:0021756, Wikipedia:Striatum]
xref: FMA:77618 ! Striatum
xref: FMA:83683 ! striatum of neuraxis
xref: MA:0000891 ! striatum
xref: EFO:0000109 ! obsolete_CNS brain striatum MMHCC
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1672 ! Striatum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg/200px-BrainCaudatePutamen.svg.png
xref: BTO:0000418 ! neostriatum
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550 ! neostriatum
xref: ABA:STR ! Striatum
xref: BM:N ! neostriatum
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002420 {source="NIF"} ! basal ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000204 {source="GO"} ! ventral telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000369 {source="BTO"} ! corpus striatum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006514 {source="ABA"} ! pallidum
xref: ncithesaurus:Striatum ! Striatum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg
synonym: "striatum of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:83683]
synonym: "neuraxis striatum" EXACT [FMA:83683]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "striatal" xsd:string


[Term]
id: UBERON:0010082
name: future corpus striatum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000369 ! corpus striatum
xref: EHDAA2:0000596 ! future corpus striatum
def: "A multi-tissue structure that develops_into a corpus striatum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000369
name: corpus striatum
def: "The corpus striatum (striated body) is a compound structure consisting of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus, which consists of the putamen and the globus pallidus[WP]." [Wikipedia:Corpus_striatum]
comment: The term has been used in a few different ways: * It is a pair of nuclear masses which form the basal ganglia, along with the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra. * It may also refer to both the basal ganglia and internal capsule collectively.[2] * According to the 1917 version of Gray's Anatomy, it is the combination of the lentiform nucleus (also known as the lenticular nucleus) and the caudate nucleus * According to BrainInfo it is a part of the basal ganglia comprising the globus pallidus and striatum
synonym: "striate body" RELATED [BTO:0001311]
synonym: "striated body" RELATED [BTO:0001311]
xref: BTO:0001311
xref: EFO:0000381 ! corpus striatum
xref: FMA:77616 ! Corpus striatum
xref: VHOG:0001175 ! corpus striatum
xref: ncithesaurus:Corpus_Striatum ! Corpus Striatum
xref: GAID:667 ! corpus striatum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray656.png/200px-Gray656.png
xref: EMAPA:17549 ! corpus striatum
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487 ! corpus striatum
xref: EV:0100184 ! corpus striatum
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002420 {source="MA"} ! basal ganglion
xref: SCTID:279318005 ! Entire corpus striatum
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010082 {evidence="definitional"} ! future corpus striatum
property_value: homology_notes "Thus, certain telencephalic characters - such as the presence of a pallium divided into lateral, dorsal, and medial formations and a subpallium divided into striatum and septum - appear to characterize all vertebrates. They are primitive characters and are homologous among all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001175", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1146/annurev.ne.04.030181.001505\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.487 Figure 14-10", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0010097
xref: CALOHA:TS-0183 ! Corpus striatum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002777
name: obsolete neostriatum
subset: uberon_slim
consider: FMA:77617 ! Neostriatum
consider: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1672 ! Striatum
xref: GAID:669 ! neostriatum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005382
name: dorsal striatum
def: "Those portions of the caudate nucleus and especially the putamen located generally superior to a plane representing the anterior commissure; also called the dorsal basal ganglia; may function in motor activities with cognitive origins." [BTO:0004701, Wikipedia:Dorsal_striatum]
synonym: "caudoputamen" RELATED [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312]
synonym: "striatum dorsale" RELATED [BTO:0004701]
synonym: "dorsal basal ganglion" RELATED [BTO:0004701]
synonym: "dorsal basal ganglia" RELATED [BTO:0004701]
synonym: "corpus striatum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_striatum]
synonym: "striated body" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_striatum]
xref: MA:0002971 ! dorsal striatum
xref: BTO:0004701 ! dorsal striatum
xref: FMA:77620 ! dorsal striatum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010001 ! Dorsal Striatum
xref: ABA:STRd ! Striatum dorsal region
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002435 ! striatum
property_value: external_definition "According to the 1917 version of Gray's Anatomy, it is the combination of the lentiform nucleus and the caudate nucleus" xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_striatum"}
property_value: external_definition "According to BrainInfo it is a part of the basal ganglia comprising the globus pallidus and striatum" xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_striatum"}
property_value: external_definition "It may also refer to both the basal ganglia and the internal capsule collectively." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_striatum"}
property_value: external_definition "It may also refer to the putamen and caudate collectively." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_striatum"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005383
name: caudate-putamen
def: "Regional part of telencephalon in some species, e.g., rodent, equivalent to the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). Unlike the dorsal striatum of primates, for example, the caudoputamen is not split into separate nuclei by the fibers of the internal capsule. Rather, the internal capsule splits into fiber bundles which course through the structure." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312]
comment: CHECK - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM)
synonym: "caudate putamen" EXACT []
synonym: "caudoputamen" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312]
synonym: "caudateputamen" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312]
xref: MA:0000893 ! caudate-putamen
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100312 ! caudoputamen
xref: BTO:0000212 ! caudate putamen
xref: EMAPA:19095 ! caudate-putamen
xref: ABA:CP ! Caudoputamen
xref: BM:Tel-C-Pu ! caudate-putamen
xref: EFO:0001912 ! caudate putamen
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005382 ! dorsal striatum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010122
name: future caudate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001873 ! caudate nucleus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010082 {source="EHDAA2"} ! future corpus striatum
xref: EHDAA2:0004461 ! future caudate nucleus
def: "A nucleus of brain that develops_into a caudate nucleus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001873
name: caudate nucleus
def: "Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent." [Wikipedia:Caudate_nucleus]
comment: CHECK - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "caudatus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus caudatus" RELATED [BTO:0000211]
xref: BTO:0000211
xref: EFO:0000907 ! caudate nucleus
xref: FMA:61833 ! Caudate nucleus
xref: GAID:670 ! caudate nucleu
xref: MA:0000894 ! caudate nucleus
xref: MAT:0000513 ! caudate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1373 ! Caudate nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Caudate_Nucleus ! Caudate Nucleus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvyAjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! caudate nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg/200px-Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18207 ! caudate nucleus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.184 ! caudate nucleu
xref: EV:0100185 ! caudate nucleus
xref: BM:Tel-CA ! caudate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002435 ! striatum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005383 ! caudate-putamen
xref: SCTID:279297002 ! Entire caudate nucleus
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010122 {evidence="definitional"} ! future caudate nucleus
synonym: "nucleus caudatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Caudate_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0007461

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001874
name: putamen
def: "Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus. The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning. It employs dopamine to perform its functions. The putamen also plays a role in degenerative neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease." [Wikipedia:Putamen]
comment: CHECK - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nucleus putamen" EXACT []
xref: FMA:61834 ! Putamen
xref: GAID:671 ! putamen
xref: VHOG:0001456 ! putamen
xref: MA:0000895 ! putamen
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_809 ! Putamen
xref: ncithesaurus:Putamen ! Putamen
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg/200px-BrainCaudatePutamen.svg.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.784 ! putamen
xref: EV:0100187 ! putamen
xref: BM:Tel-Pu ! putamen
is_a: UBERON:0002308 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 {source="FMA"} ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002435 ! striatum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005383 ! caudate-putamen
xref: SCTID:281512002 ! Entire putamen
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg
property_value: homology_notes "All nuclei of the mammalian basal ganglia are also present in the oldest vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001456", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.001 Stephenson-Jones M\, Samuelsson E\, Ericsson J\, Robertson B\, Grillner S\, Evolutionary conservation of the basal ganglia as a common vertebrate mechanism for action selection. Current Biology (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0034169

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008884
name: left putamen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001874 ! putamen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002812 ! left cerebral hemisphere
xref: FMA:72829 ! left putamen
def: "A putamen that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008885
name: right putamen
xref: FMA:72828 ! right putamen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001874 ! putamen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002813 ! right cerebral hemisphere
def: "A putamen that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000371
name: syncytiotrophoblast
def: "extraembryonic cells of trophoblastic shell surrounding embryo, outside the cytotrophoblast layer, involved with implantation of the blastocyst by eroding extracellular matrix surrounding maternal endometrial cells at site of implantation, also contribute to villi. (dark staining, multinucleated)." [Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast, http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/placenta5.htm]
synonym: "syncytial trophoblast" EXACT [FMA:83040]
synonym: "syntrophoblast" RELATED []
synonym: "syncitiotrophoblast" RELATED []
synonym: "syntrophoblast layer" EXACT [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
xref: BTO:0001335
xref: FMA:83040 ! Syncytial trophoblast
xref: ncithesaurus:Syncytiotrophoblast ! Syncytiotrophoblast
xref: EHDAA:129 ! syncytiotrophoblast
xref: EHDAA:91 ! syncytiotrophoblast
xref: EMAPA:16068 ! syncytiotrophoblast
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="FMA"} ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004364 {source="EMAPA"} ! ectoplacental cone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000088 {source="BTO"} ! trophoblast
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000525 ! syncytiotrophoblast cell
xref: SCTID:256965005 ! Entire syncytial trophoblast
synonym: "syncitiotrophoblastus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Syncytiotrophoblast]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray36.png
xref: UMLS:C1135936

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000311 ! extensor muscle
name: extensor muscle
def: "A muscle that, upon contraction, tends to straighten a joint or limb. The antagonist of a flexor muscle[BTO]. Any of the muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward. The movement is usually directed backward, with the notable exception of the knee joint. In humans, certain muscles of the hand and foot are named for this function. In the hand these include the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi ulnaris, which run from the humerus (bone of the upper arm) along the back of the forearm to the metacarpal bones at the back of the hand[Britannica]" [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/198909/extensor-muscle]
synonym: "extensor" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000151
xref: FMA:75000 ! extensor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010962 ! extensor pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010962 ! extensor pre-muscle mass
name: extensor pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
xref: EHDAA2:0000459 ! extensor pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
name: flexor muscle
def: "A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body." [BTO:0001257]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "flexor" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001257
xref: FMA:74559 ! Flexor
xref: FMA:74999 ! flexor muscle 
xref: ZFA:0005271 ! flexor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010977 ! flexor pre-muscle mass
xref: TAO:0005271 ! flexor muscle
property_value: external_definition "A muscle that decreases the angle of a joint.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005271", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010977 ! flexor pre-muscle mass
name: flexor pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
xref: EHDAA2:0000543 ! flexor pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001521
name: flexor carpi radialis muscle
def: "A muscle of the forearm that acts to flex and abduct the manus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_radialis_muscle]
comment: AO notes - we group the AAO class here, despite the different insertion site - requires vetting "Muscle which originates on the inner border of the humerus and inserts on the carpus." [AAO:0010733]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "flexor carpi radialis" EXACT [MA:0002297]
xref: FMA:38459 ! Flexor carpi radialis
xref: MA:0002297 ! flexor carpi radialis
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Carpi_Radialis ! Flexor Carpi Radialis
xref: AAO:0010733 ! M. flexor carpi radialis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flexor-carpi-radialis.png/200px-Flexor-carpi-radialis.png
is_a: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006806 ! medial epicondyle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002374 {notes="2 and 3 in human"} ! metacarpal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Flexor-carpi-radialis.png
property_value: external_definition "Muscle which originates on the inner border of the humerus and inserts on the carpus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010733", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:MEJ"}
xref: SCTID:361816002 ! Entire flexor carpi radialis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224252

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001522
name: flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
def: "The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and adduct the manus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle]
comment: AO notes: AAO has a class with the same name, the exact insertion point is unclear; consider grouping "Muscle which originates from the medial condyle of the humerus and inserts on the carpus." [AAO:0010734]
synonym: "flexor carpi ulnaris" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:38465 ! Flexor carpi ulnaris
xref: MA:0002298 ! flexor carpi ulnaris
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Carpi_Ulnaris ! Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/FCU.png/200px-FCU.png
is_a: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
xref: SCTID:244985003 ! Entire flexor carpi ulnaris
synonym: "musculus flexor carpi ulnaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001429 {source="dbpedia"} ! pisiform
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006806 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial epicondyle"} ! medial epicondyle of humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/FCU.png
xref: UMLS:C0224254

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001523
name: flexor digitorum profundus
def: "In human anatomy, the flexor digitorum profundus is a muscle in the forearm that flexes the fingers. It is considered to be an extrinsic muscle because its action is at a different location than the main body of the muscle. Flexor digitorum profundus, along with flexor digitorum superficialis have long tendons that run down the arm and through the carpal tunnel and attach to the palmar side of the phalanges of the fingers. This muscle originates from the upper 3/4ths anterior and medial side of the ulna. Flexor digitorum profundus lies deep to superficialis, but it attaches more distally. To get around this problem profundus's tendons go through the tendons of superficialis, and end up attaching to the distal phalanx. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle]
comment: Note that in EMAPA, this is part of the leg, which is presumably a mistake
synonym: "flexor digitorum profundus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0001246
xref: FMA:38478 ! Flexor digitorum profundus
xref: MA:0002300 ! flexor digitorum profundus
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Digitorum_Profundus ! Flexor Digitorum Profundus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flexor-digitorum-profundis.png/200px-Flexor-digitorum-profundis.png
xref: EMAPA:19319 ! flexor digitorum profundus
is_a: UBERON:0000366 {source="BTO"} ! flexor muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003822 {source="FMA"} ! upper arm
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0007612 {source="dbpedia"} ! extensor digitorum communis
synonym: "musculus flexor digitorum profundus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004300 {source="dbpedia", notes="base of the distal phalanges of the fingers"} ! distal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001010 {source="dbpedia", notes="upper 3/4 of the volar and medial surfaces of the body of the ulna interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm"} ! diaphysis of ulna
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Flexor-digitorum-profundis.png
xref: UMLS:C0224261

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001392
name: flexor hallucis longus
def: "The Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) is a muscle of the leg. It is one of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. The other deep muscles of the leg are flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior. FHL is the largest and most powerful of these deep muscles. The Flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm. at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the Peronæi, laterally, and from the fascia covering the Tibialis posterior, medially. The fibers pass obliquely downward and backward, and end in a tendon which occupies nearly the whole length of the posterior surface of the muscle. This tendon lies in a groove which crosses the posterior surface of the lower end of the tibia, the posterior surface of the talus, and the under surface of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus; in the sole of the foot it runs forward between the two heads of the Flexor hallucis brevis, and is inserted into the base of the last phalanx of the great toe. The grooves on the talus and calcaneus, which contain the tendon of the muscle, are converted by tendinous fibers into distinct canals, lined by a mucous sheath. As the tendon passes forward in the sole of the foot, it is situated above, and crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the tendon of the Flexor digitorum longus, to which it is connected by a fibrous slip. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "flexor hallucis longus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22593 ! Flexor hallucis longus
xref: MA:0002301 ! flexor hallucis longus
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Hallucis_Longus ! Flexor Hallucis Longus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png
is_a: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004315 {source="dbpedia", notes="Plantar surface; base of distal phalanx of hallux"} ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 1
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001323 {source="dbpedia", notes="tibial nerve S1 and S2 nerve roots"} ! tibial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia", notes="fibula posterior aspect of middle 1/3"} ! fibula
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011909 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! gastrocnemius internus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gray442.png
xref: SCTID:361826009 ! Entire flexor hallucis longus muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224473

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011022
name: flexor hallucis brevis
def: "The Flexor hallucis brevis arises, by a pointed tendinous process, from the medial part of the under surface of the cuboid bone, from the contiguous portion of the third cuneiform, and from the prolongation of the tendon of the Tibialis posterior which is attached to that bone. It divides in front into two portions, which are inserted into the medial and lateral sides of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, a sesamoid bone being present in each tendon at its insertion. The medial portion is blended with the Abductor hallucis previous to its insertion; the lateral portion with the Adductor hallucis; the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus lies in a groove between them; the lateral portion is sometimes described as the first Interosseous plantaris." [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "flexor hallucis brevis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "m.flexor hallucis brevis" EXACT  [FMA:37449]
is_a: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: FMA:37449 ! flexor hallucis brevis
synonym: "musculus flexor hallucis brevis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001479 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal"} ! sesamoid bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003650 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal"} ! metatarsal bone of digit 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010721 {source="dbpedia", notes="plantar surface of cuneiform bones"} ! distal tarsal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Musculus_flexor_hallucis_brevis.png
xref: SCTID:181730007 ! Entire flexor hallucis brevis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008245
name: pennate muscle
def: "A pennate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon. These types of muscles generally allow better stabilization and force production but less flexibility. Individual muscle fibers are formed into bundles of fasciculi and these bundles of fasciculi are formed into bundles of fascicles which compose the entire muscle itself. In a pennate muscle, the fascicles will form an angle with its central tendon. If all the fascicles are on the same side of the tendon, the pennate muscle is called unipennate. Examples of this include certain muscles in the manus. If there are fascicles on both sides of the central tendon, the pennate muscle is called bipennate. The rectus femoris, a large muscle in the quadriceps, is typical. If the central tendon branches within a pennate muscle, the muscle is called multipennate, as seen in the deltoid muscle in the shoulder." [Wikipedia:Pennate_muscle]
comment: note the FMA class does not denote a muscle organ. todo: add child classes
xref: Wikipedia:Pennate_muscle ! pennate muscle
xref: FMA:74993 ! pennate muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001267 {source="dbpedia"} ! femoral nerve
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002463 {source="dbpedia"} ! hamstring muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001269 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum"} ! acetabular part of hip bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Rectus_femoris.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000372
name: extensor digitorum brevis
def: "a muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4." [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "extensor digitorum brevis muscle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001337
xref: FMA:51140 ! Extensor digitorum brevis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray441.png/200px-Gray441.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1241.png/200px-Gray1241.png
is_a: UBERON:0000311 {source="BTO"} ! extensor muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "musculus extensor digitorum brevis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003221 {source="dbpedia", notes="proximal dorsal region of middle phalanges 2 3 and 4"} ! phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001450 {source="dbpedia", notes="dorsal surface of calcaneus"} ! calcaneus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray441.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001386
name: extensor digitorum longus
def: "The Extensor digitorum longus is a pennate muscle, situated at the lateral part of the front of the leg. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "extensor digitorum longus muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000436]
synonym: "toe extensor" EXACT [HP:0011916]
synonym: "toe extensor muscle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000436
xref: FMA:22534 ! Extensor digitorum longus
xref: MA:0002295 ! extensor digitorum longus
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Longus ! Extensor Digitorum Longus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1241.png/200px-Gray1241.png
is_a: UBERON:0000311 {source="BTO"} ! extensor muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001324 {source="dbpedia"} ! common fibular nerve
synonym: "musculus extensor digitorum longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001449 {source="dbpedia", notes="Dorsal surface; middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits"} ! phalanx of pes
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0009991 {source="dbpedia", notes="Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane"} ! lateral condyle of tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia", notes="Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia", notes="Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane"} ! fibula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1241.png
xref: UMLS:C0224464

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007612
name: extensor digitorum communis
def: "A muscle on the back of the forearm that extends the fingers and wrist." [BTO:0001343, Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_muscle]
synonym: "extensor communis" RELATED []
synonym: "extensor digitorum" EXACT [FMA:38500]
synonym: "extensor digitorum communis muscle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001343 ! extensor digitorum communis
xref: MA:0002293 ! extensor digitorum communis
xref: FMA:38500 ! extensor digitorum
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Communis ! Extensor Digitorum Communis
is_a: UBERON:0011024 {source="Wikipedia"} ! extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001523 {source="dbpedia"} ! flexor digitorum profundus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0003222 {source="dbpedia"} ! flexor digitorum superficialis
synonym: "musculus extensor digitorum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004300 {source="dbpedia", notes="extensor expansion of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd 3rd 4th and 5th fingers"} ! distal phalanx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Extensor_digitorum_muscle.png
xref: UMLS:C1707982

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007613
name: extensor digitorum lateralis muscle
comment: Origin distal to extensor digitorum communis. The part of this muscle that gives a tendon to the 5th digit is comparable to the extensor digiti quinti proprius of the human [ISBN10:9780716717553]
xref: MA:0002294 ! extensor digitorum lateralis
synonym: "extensor digitorum lateralis" EXACT [MA:0002294]
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Lateralis ! Extensor Digitorum Lateralis
is_a: UBERON:0011024 {source="Wikipedia"} ! extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003639 {source="ISBN10:9780716717553"} ! manual digit 5 phalanx
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="ISBN10:9780716717553"} ! Homo sapiens
xref: UMLS:C1707983

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007614
name: extensor digiti minimi muscle
def: "The extensor minimi digiti (extensor digiti quinti proprius) is a slender muscle of the forearm, placed on the ulnar side of the Extensor digitorum communis, with which it is generally connected. It arises from the common Extensor tendon by a thin tendinous slip, from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles. Its tendon runs through a compartment of the dorsal carpal ligament behind the distal radio-ulnar joint, then divides into two as it crosses the manus, and finally joins the expansion of the Extensor digitorum communis tendon on the dorsum of the first phalanx of the little finger[WP]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle, http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/E/14Extensor.shtml]
comment: The tendon of insertion is sometimes divided and gives a slip to the fourth digit. An ulnar slip has been observed to end on the base of the fifth metacarpal, thus exactly reproducing the arrangement of the serially homologous slip known as peroneus tertius in the leg. The muscle may be absent in rare cases, but fusion with extensor digitorum is frequent, in which case the tendon comes from the common extensor.
synonym: "extensor digiti minimi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle]
synonym: "extensor digiti minimi %28hand%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle]
synonym: "extensor digiti quinti proprius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle, http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/E/14Extensor.shtml]
synonym: "musculus extensor digiti minimi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle]
xref: FMA:38503 ! extensor digiti minimi
xref: SCTID:361819009 ! Entire extensor digiti minimi muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011024 {source="Wikipedia"} ! extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 {source="dbpedia", notes="the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus"} ! ectepicondyle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004331  {source="dbpedia", notes="at the extensor expansion located at the base of the proximal phalanx of digit V on the dorsal side"} ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 5
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray424.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011024 ! extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
name: extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
def: "The extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand are located in the back of the forearm and have long tendons connecting them to bones in the hand, where they exert their action." [Wikipedia:Extrinsic_extensor_muscles_of_the_hand]
synonym: "extrinsic extensor muscle of hand" EXACT [Wikipedia:Extrinsic_extensor_muscles_of_the_hand]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000311 ! extensor muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
intersection_of: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0005897 ! manus bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011867 ! extensor carpi radialis muscle
name: extensor carpi radialis muscle
synonym: "extensor carpi radialis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011024 ! extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001492 ! radial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
xref: SCTID:276166006 ! Entire extensor carpi radialis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001524
name: extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
def: "Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the second metacarpal bone (metacarpal of the index finger). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "extensor carpi radialis longus" EXACT [MA:0002291]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:38494 ! Extensor carpi radialis longus
xref: MA:0002291 ! extensor carpi radialis longus
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Radialis_Longus ! Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ECR-longus.png/200px-ECR-longus.png
is_a: UBERON:0011867 ! extensor carpi radialis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004404 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral supracondylar ridge"} ! distal epiphysis of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003646 {source="dbpedia", notes="base"} ! metacarpal bone of digit 2
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001492 {source="dbpedia"} ! radial nerve
synonym: "musculus extensor carpi radialis longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/ECR-longus.png
xref: SCTID:244990000 ! Entire extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224266

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001525
name: extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
def: "The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the extensor carpi radialis longus. The longus muscle can be found above the distal end of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_brevis_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "extensor carpi radialis brevis" EXACT [MA:0002290]
synonym: "musculus extensor carpi radialis brevis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_brevis_muscle]
xref: FMA:38497 ! Extensor carpi radialis brevis
xref: MA:0002290 ! extensor carpi radialis brevis
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Radialis_Brevis ! Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
is_a: UBERON:0011867 ! extensor carpi radialis muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001492 {source="dbpedia", notes="deep part"} ! radial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 {source="dbpedia"} ! ectepicondyle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003647 {source="dbpedia", notes="base"} ! metacarpal bone of digit 3
xref: SCTID:244991001 ! Entire extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224267

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001526
name: extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
def: "Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist. Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm. [WP]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: Amphibians - def: "Muscle of the forearm: It shares a common origin with two other muscles of the forearm. It arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by two tendons: the first one is in common with the m. extensor digitorum communis longus, and the second one is broad and in common with the m. epicondylocubitalis. It is pinnately attached to the dorsal surface of the distal carpal 5-4-3." [AAO:0010281]. Note that we make the insertion relationship a GCI until digit numbering issues are resolved
synonym: "musculus extensor carpi ulnaris" EXACT []
synonym: "ECU muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "extensor carpi ulnaris" EXACT []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:38506 ! Extensor carpi ulnaris
xref: MA:0002292 ! extensor carpi ulnaris
xref: AAO:0010281 ! M. extensor carpi ulnaris
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Ulnaris ! Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray418.png/200px-Gray418.png
is_a: UBERON:0011024 {source="Wikipedia"} ! extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001492 {source="dbpedia", notes="deep part"} ! radial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 ! ectepicondyle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001424 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! ulna
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003649 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! metacarpal bone of digit 5
xref: SCTID:244992008 ! Entire extensor carpi ulnaris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle.png
property_value: external_definition "Muscle of the forearm: It shares a common origin with two other muscles of the forearm. It arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by two tendons: the first one is in common with the m. extensor digitorum communis longus, and the second one is broad and in common with the m. epicondylocubitalis. It is pinnately attached to the dorsal surface of the distal carpal 5-4-3.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010281", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: UMLS:C0224272

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000373
name: tapetum of corpus callosum
def: "On either side of the corpus collosum, the fibers radiate in the white substance and pass to the various parts of the cerebral cortex; those curving forward from the genu into the frontal lobe constitute the forceps anterior, and those curving backward into the occipital lobe, the forceps posterior. Between these two parts is the main body of the fibers which constitute the tapetum and extend laterally on either side into the temporal lobe, and cover in the central part of the lateral ventricle. [Wikipedia via Greys]" [Wikipedia:Tapetum_of_corpus_callosum]
comment: not to be confused with BTO:0001350 or GO:0048655-tapetal layer morphogenesis
synonym: "tapetum" BROAD INCONSISTENT [FMA:77208]
xref: FMA:77208 ! Tapetum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gray733.png/200px-Gray733.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
xref: SCTID:279312006 ! Entire tapetum of corpus callosum
synonym: "tapetum corporis callosi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tapetum_of_corpus_callosum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Gray733.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000375
name: mandibular nerve
def: "the motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini." [MP:0009800, Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve]
synonym: "inferior maxillary nerve" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "mandibular division [V3]" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "mandibular division [Vc]" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3]" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "mandibular nerve [V3]" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "mandibular nerve [Vc]" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3]" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "third division of fifth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "third division of trigeminal nerve" EXACT [FMA:52996]
synonym: "trigeminal V nerve mandibular division" EXACT [MA:0001101]
synonym: "nervus mandibularis" RELATED [BTO:0001375]
synonym: "ramus mandibularis (ramus V3)" EXACT [AAO:0010688]
xref: BTO:0001375
xref: FMA:52996 ! Mandibular nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Maxillary_Nerve ! Inferior Maxillary Nerve
xref: GAID:834 ! mandibular nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcQKSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! mandibular nerve
xref: MA:0001101 ! trigeminal V nerve mandibular division
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray781.png/200px-Gray781.png
xref: EHDAA2:0002086 ! trigeminal V nerve mandibular division
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760.500 ! mandibular nerve
xref: VHOG:0001345 ! trigeminal V nerve mandibular division
xref: AAO:0010688 ! ramus mandibularis (ramus V3)
xref: AAO:0010703 ! ramus mandibularis V3 (main branch)
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001645 ! trigeminal nerve
synonym: "nervus mandibularis [vc]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52996]
synonym: "nervus mandibularis [v3]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52996]
xref: SCTID:280212008 ! Entire mandibular nerve
synonym: "n. mandibularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray781.png
xref: UMLS:C0024695

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000377
name: maxillary nerve
def: "the sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses." [MP:0009799, Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve]
synonym: "maxillary division [V2]" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "maxillary division [Vb]" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2)" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "maxillary nerve [V2]" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "maxillary nerve [Vb]" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2)" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "second division of fifth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "second division of trigeminal nerve" EXACT [FMA:52724]
synonym: "trigeminal V nerve maxillary division" EXACT [MA:0001103]
synonym: "nervus maxillaris" RELATED [BTO:0001378]
synonym: "ramus maxillaris (ramus V2)" EXACT [AAO:0010670]
xref: BTO:0001378
xref: FMA:52724 ! Maxillary nerve
xref: MA:0001103 ! trigeminal V nerve maxillary division
xref: GAID:836 ! maxillary nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNU9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! maxillary nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray779.png/200px-Gray779.png
xref: EHDAA2:0002087 ! trigeminal V nerve maxillary division
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760.550 ! maxillary nerve
xref: VHOG:0001346 ! trigeminal V nerve maxillary division
xref: AAO:0010670 ! ramus maxillaris (ramus V2)
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001645 ! trigeminal nerve
synonym: "nervus maxillaris [vb]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52724]
synonym: "nervus maxillaris [v2]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52724]
xref: SCTID:280211001 ! Entire maxillary nerve
synonym: "n. maxillaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray779.png
property_value: external_definition "Medial ramus (sensory) of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010670", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of trunk maxillary-mandibularis (AAO:0010669)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010670", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013646
name: buccal nerve
def: "The buccal nerve (also called the long buccal nerve) is a nerve in the face. It is a branch of the mandibular nerve (which is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve) and transmits sensory information from skin over the buccal membrane (in general, the cheek) and from the second and third molar teeth." [Wikipedia:Buccal_nerve]
synonym: "buccinator branch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Buccal_nerve]
synonym: "long buccal nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Buccal_nerve]
synonym: "buccinator nerve" EXACT  [FMA:53066]
synonym: "long buccal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:53066]
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0000375 {source="FMA"} ! mandibular nerve
xref: FMA:53066 ! buccal nerve
xref: SCTID:280253000 ! Entire buccal nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013647
name: lateral pterygoid nerve
def: "External Pterygoid Nerve (or lateral pterygoid nerve): The nerve to the Pterygoideus externus frequently arises in conjunction with the buccinator nerve, but it may be given off separately from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. It enters the deep surface of the muscle." [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_nerve]
synonym: "external pterygoid nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_nerve]
synonym: "branch of buccal nerve to lateral pterygoid" EXACT  [FMA:53107]
synonym: "nerve to lateral pterygoid" EXACT  [FMA:53107]
synonym: "nervus pterygoideus lateralis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0013646 {source="FMA"} ! buccal nerve
xref: FMA:53107 ! lateral pterygoid nerve
xref: SCTID:48852002 ! Lateral pterygoid nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003273
name: skeletal muscle of tongue
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of tongue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:9146 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0001134 'skeletal muscle tissue')
xref: VHOG:0001390 ! tongue skeletal muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Tongue_Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue ! Tongue Skeletal Muscle Tissue
xref: MA:0001596 ! tongue skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0002065 ! tongue skeletal muscle
xref: EMAPA:17883 ! skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18879 ! skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000378 ! tongue muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005594 {source="ISBN10:1607950324"} ! head somite
property_value: homology_notes "The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001390", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20587 Kusakabe R\, Kuratani S\, Evolution and developmental patterning of the vertebrate skeletal muscles: perspectives from the lamprey. Developmental Dynamics (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004477 {source="reference_0000032"} ! tongue musculature
xref: UMLS:C1710437

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007367
name: surface of tongue
synonym: "tongue surface" EXACT  [FMA:54647]
xref: FMA:54647 ! Surface of tongue
intersection_of: UBERON:0006984 ! anatomical surface
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
xref: SCTID:314870004 ! Tongue surface region
def: "An anatomical surface that is part of a tongue." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007371
name: superior surface of tongue
synonym: "dorsal surface of tongue" EXACT  [FMA:54646]
xref: FMA:54646 ! Superior surface of tongue
is_a: UBERON:0007367 ! surface of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007373
name: inferior surface of tongue
synonym: "ventral surface of tongue" EXACT  [FMA:54648]
synonym: "ventrum linguae" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:54648 ! Inferior surface of tongue
is_a: UBERON:0007367 ! surface of tongue
xref: SCTID:362100003 ! Entire inferior surface of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000379
name: tracheal mucosa
synonym: "Mucous membrane of trachea" EXACT [FMA:7471]
synonym: "Tracheal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:7471]
synonym: "Tunica mucosa (tracheae)" EXACT [FMA:7471]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001390
xref: FMA:7471 ! Mucosa of trachea
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001005 ! trachea
synonym: "tunica mucosa tracheae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7471]
xref: SCTID:660006 ! Tracheal mucous membrane
def: "A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000380
name: obsolete tuber
comment: undefined in FMA. BTO and MIAA refers to plant structure only
xref: BTO:0001400
consider: FMA:75430 ! Tuber
consider: EFO:0001015 ! tuber
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4raeDj5Cw8QdiT7e8pb2JzAA ! tuber
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000381
name: urinary bladder detrusor smooth muscle
def: "bundles of smooth muscle fibers forming the muscular wall of the urinary bladder, which are arranged in a longitudinal and a circular layer and, on contraction, serve to expel urine[MP]." [MP:0011774, Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle]
synonym: "detrusor muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001453]
synonym: "detrusor muscle of bladder" EXACT [EMAPA:28637]
synonym: "detrusor urinae muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle]
synonym: "muscularis propria of the urinary bladder" EXACT [Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle]
synonym: "muscularis propria" BROAD [Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle, ncithesaurus:Muscularis_Propria]
synonym: "urinary bladder detrussor smooth muscle" EXACT [MA:0001698]
synonym: "detrusor" EXACT [FMA:68018]
synonym: "musculus detrusor vesicae urinariae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle]
synonym: "urinary bladder detrusor muscle" EXACT [MA:0001698]
xref: BTO:0001453 ! detrusor
xref: FMA:68018 ! detrusor
xref: EMAPA:28637 ! detrusor muscle of bladder
xref: MA:0001698 ! urinary bladder detrussor smooth muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_bladder.jpg/200px-Illu_bladder.jpg
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscularis_Propria ! muscularis propria
xref: SCTID:279414008 ! Entire detrusor muscle of urinary bladder
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012378 {source="FMA"} ! muscle layer of bladder
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060073 ! micturition
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000996 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="UBERON:0003100", notes="female", source="dbpedia-modified"} ! vagina
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002367 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="UBERON:0003101", notes="male", source="dbpedia-modified", source="dbpedia-modified"} ! prostate gland
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior surface of the body of the pubis"} ! pubis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_bladder.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000385
name: obsolete labial gland
comment: the label 'labial gland' refers to two distinct classes. From the BTO def: 1. One of the small tubular mucous and serous glands lying beneath the mucous membrane of the lips.n2. A salivary gland, or modification thereof, opening at the base of the labium in certain insects.
synonym: "Labial glands" EXACT [FMA:71613]
synonym: "Labial glands set" EXACT [FMA:71613]
xref: BTO:0001548
consider: FMA:71613 ! Set of labial glands
consider: HAO:0000449 ! labial gland
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "glandulae labiales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71613]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000387
name: meniscus
def: "crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure present in the knee, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints[2] that, in contrast to articular disks, only partly divides a joint cavity.[3] A small meniscus also occurs in the radio-carpal joint." [Wikipedia:Meniscus_(anatomy)]
synonym: "articular disc" EXACT [FMA:76690]
xref: BTO:0001592
xref: FMA:76690 ! Articular disc
xref: ncithesaurus:Meniscus ! Meniscus
xref: galen:Meniscus ! meniscus
xref: EV:0100145 ! meniscus
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
xref: UMLS:C0224498

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000389
name: lens cortex
synonym: "cortex of lens" EXACT [FMA:58970]
xref: BTO:0001632
xref: FMA:58970 ! Cortex of lens
xref: MESH:A09.371.509.225 ! crystalline lens cortex
is_a: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000965 ! lens
xref: SCTID:280626006 ! Entire cortex of lens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000390
name: lens nucleus
def: "The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex." [BTO:0001633]
comment: editor note: needs checked; cf nucleus in GO
synonym: "nucleus of lens" EXACT [FMA:58971]
xref: BTO:0001633
xref: FMA:58971 ! Nucleus of lens
xref: MESH:A09.371.509.670 ! crystalline lens nucleu
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000965 ! lens
xref: SCTID:280628007 ! Entire nucleus of lens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000392
name: longissimus muscle
def: "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longissimus]
synonym: "musculus longissimus" EXACT [BTO:0001648]
synonym: "intermediate column of erector spinae" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001648
xref: FMA:77178 ! longissimus
synonym: "longissimus" EXACT [FMA:77178]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002462 {source="BTO"} ! erector spinae
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0006839 {source="dbpedia"} ! posterior ramus of spinal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia"} ! transverse process of vertebra
synonym: "musculus longissimus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Longissimus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Longissimus.png
xref: SCTID:244858006 ! Entire longissimus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001401
name: longissimus thoracis muscle
def: "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_thoracis]
comment: Editor's note: TODO - add logical definition to determine if AAO class belongs here. Classified as erector spinae in AAO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "longissimus dorsi" RELATED [BTO:0001651]
synonym: "musculus longissimus thoracis" RELATED [BTO:0001651]
xref: FMA:22709 ! Longissimus thoracis
xref: MA:0002339 ! longissimus thoracis
synonym: "longissimus thoracis" EXACT [MA:0002339]
xref: ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Thoracis ! Longissimus Thoracis
xref: BTO:0001651 ! longissimus thoracis
xref: AAO:0010775 ! M. longissimus dorsi
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png
is_a: UBERON:0000392 {source="FMA"} ! longissimus
xref: SCTID:244859003 ! Entire longissimus thoracis muscle
property_value: external_definition "Epaxial muscle which originates on the antero-lateral urostyle and inserts variably along the neural spines and transverse processes of the presacral vertebrae to the exoccipital bone.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010775", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:MEJ"}
xref: UMLS:C0224307

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001402
name: longissimus cervicis muscle
def: "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_cervicis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus longissimus cervicis" RELATED [BTO:0001650]
xref: FMA:22711 ! Longissimus cervicis
xref: MA:0002337 ! longissimus cervicis
synonym: "longissimus cervicis" EXACT [MA:0002337]
xref: ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Cervicis ! Longissimus Cervicis
xref: BTO:0001650 ! longissimus cervicis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png
is_a: UBERON:0000392 ! longissimus
xref: SCTID:244860008 ! Entire longissimus cervicis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224308

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001403
name: longissimus capitis
def: "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_capitis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus longissimus capitis" RELATED [BTO:0001649]
synonym: "trachelomastoid muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001649]
xref: FMA:22714 ! Longissimus capitis
xref: MA:0002336 ! longissimus capitis
xref: ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Capitis ! Longissimus Capitis
xref: BTO:0001649 ! longissimus capitis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png
xref: SCTID:244861007 ! Entire longissimus capitis muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000392 ! longissimus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011220 {source="Wikipedia:Mastoid_process"} ! mastoid process of temporal bone
xref: UMLS:C0224309

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011219
name: longissimus lumborum muscle
def: "Lumbar muscle that extends and rotates the vertebral column." [BTO:0001925]
synonym: "musculus longissimus lumborum" RELATED  [BTO:0001925]
is_a: UBERON:0000392 ! longissimus
xref: BTO:0001925 ! longissimus lumborum
xref: MA:0002338 ! longissimus lumborum
xref: ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Lumborum ! longissimus lumborum
synonym: "longissimus lumborum" EXACT [MA:0002338]
xref: UMLS:C1708736

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011465
name: longissimus atlantis muscle
def: "A muscle that runs beneath the longissimus capitis and inserts on the wing of the atlas " [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_longissimus]
comment: present in horses and dogs
is_a: UBERON:0000392 ! longissimus
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001092 ! cervical vertebra 1
xref: MA:0002335 ! longissimus atlantis
synonym: "longissimus atlantis" EXACT [MA:0002335]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000397
name: colonic epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "Colon epithelium" EXACT [FMA:17302]
synonym: "colon epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colon epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior intestine epithelium" EXACT [ZFA:0005128]
xref: BTO:0001709
xref: FMA:17302 ! Epithelium of colon
xref: ZFA:0005128 ! posterior intestine epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon
xref: SCTID:42978003 ! Colonic epithelium
xref: TAO:0005128 ! posterior intestine epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the posterior intestine.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005128", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008342
name: intestinal villus of duodenum
def: "An intestinal villus in the duodenum." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001213 ! intestinal villus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000320 ! duodenal mucosa
xref: FMA:63300 ! intestinal villus of duodenum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008343
name: intestinal villus of jejunum
def: "An intestinal villus in the jejunum." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001213 ! intestinal villus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000399 ! jejunal mucosa
xref: FMA:63301 ! intestinal villus of jejunum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008344
name: intestinal villus of ileum
def: "An intestinal villus in the ileum." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001213 ! intestinal villus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002116 ! ileum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000331 ! ileal mucosa
xref: FMA:63302 ! intestinal villus of ileum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008345
name: ileal epithelium
synonym: "epithelium of ileum" EXACT  [FMA:17233]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002116 ! ileum 
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008344 {source="FMA"} ! intestinal villus of ileum
xref: FMA:17233 ! ileal epithelium
xref: SCTID:47046000 ! Ileal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a ileum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000399
name: jejunal mucosa
alt_id: UBERON:0003349
def: "A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:14949]
synonym: "jejunum mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14949]
synonym: "mucosa of jejunum" EXACT [FMA:14949]
synonym: "jejunum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of jejunum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of jejunum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of jejunum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001742
xref: FMA:14949 ! Mucosa of jejunum
xref: EMAPA:27109 ! mucosa of jejunum of midgut
xref: EMAPA:27347 ! mucosa of jejunum of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum
xref: SCTID:362151009 ! Entire jejunal mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000400
name: jejunal epithelium
synonym: "epithelium of jejunum" EXACT  []
xref: BTO:0001743
xref: FMA:17232 ! Jejunal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0001902 {source="BTO"} ! epithelium of small intestine
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008343 {source="FMA"} ! intestinal villus of jejunum
xref: SCTID:57300004 ! Jejunal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a jejunum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008346
name: duodenal epithelium
synonym: "epithelium of duodenum" EXACT  [FMA:17231]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008342 {source="FMA"} ! intestinal villus of duodenum
xref: FMA:17231 ! duodenal epithelium
xref: SCTID:66036002 ! Duodenal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a duodenum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000401
name: mandibular ramus
def: "The ramus of the mandible (perpendicular portion) is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "lower ramus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "rami mandibulae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "ramus mandibulae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "ramus of mandible" EXACT [FMA:52828]
synonym: "mandible ramus" EXACT [MA:0002815]
xref: BTO:0001751
xref: FMA:52828 ! Ramus of mandible
xref: EMAPA:25100 ! ramus
xref: MA:0002815 ! mandible ramus
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
xref: SCTID:361739000 ! Entire ramus of mandible
synonym: "ramus mandibulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011342 ! surface of mandible
name: surface of mandible
synonym: "mandibular surface" EXACT  [FMA:57558]
is_a: UBERON:0006984 ! anatomical surface
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
xref: FMA:57558 ! surface of mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011343
name: medial surface of mandible
synonym: "medial surface of mandibular ramus" NARROW  [FMA:59464]
is_a: UBERON:0011342 ! surface of mandible
xref: FMA:59464 ! medial surface of ramus of mandible
synonym: "medial surface of ramus of mandible" EXACT [FMA:59464]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011344
name: lateral surface of mandible
synonym: "lateral surface of mandibular ramus" BROAD  [FMA:59463]
is_a: UBERON:0011342 ! surface of mandible
xref: FMA:59463 ! lateral surface of ramus of mandible
synonym: "lateral surface of ramus of mandible" EXACT [FMA:59463]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000403
name: scalp
def: "The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN;  subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendonous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL)." [MESH:A01.456.810, Wikipedia:Scalp]
xref: BTO:0001809
xref: FMA:46494 ! Scalp
xref: GAID:80 ! scalp
xref: galen:Scalp ! scalp
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNtaz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! scalp
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Double_cowlick.jpg/200px-Double_cowlick.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.456.810 ! scalp
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 {source="BTO"} ! head
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002097 {source="BTO"} ! skin of body
xref: SCTID:181480002 ! Entire scalp
xref: ncithesaurus:Scalp ! scalp
synonym: "scalpus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Scalp]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Layers_of_the_scalp_and_meninges.png
xref: UMLS:C0036270

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000407
name: sympathetic trunk
def: "One of a a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx." [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk]
synonym: "sympathetic chain" EXACT [FMA:6258]
synonym: "gangliated cord" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk]
synonym: "sympathetic ganglionic chain" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk]
xref: BTO:0001834
xref: FMA:6258 ! Sympathetic trunk
xref: XAO:0000211 ! sympathetic chain
xref: EV:0100374 ! sympathetic chain
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000013 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: AAO:0010791 ! sympathetic chain
xref: SCTID:181099004 ! Entire sympathetic trunk
synonym: "truncus sympathicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray847.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000013 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! sympathetic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000408
name: vertebral ganglion
synonym: "Intermediate ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6572]
xref: BTO:0001835
xref: FMA:6572 ! Vertebral ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001991 ! cervical ganglion
xref: SCTID:176596009 ! Entire vertebral ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000409
name: serous gland
def: "Serous glands contain serous acini, a grouping of serous cells that secrete a fluid, isotonic with blood plasma, that contains enzymes such as alpha amylase. Serous glands are most common in the parotid gland and lacrimal gland but are also present in the submandibular gland and, to a far lesser extent, the sublingual gland." [Wikipedia:Serous_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray1021.png
xref: BTO:0001837
xref: FMA:62889 ! Serous gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000313 ! serous secreting cell
relationship: has_part UBERON:0013232 ! serous acinus
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]." xsd:string {source="MP:0008052"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013232
name: serous acinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000409 ! serous gland
relationship: has_part CL:0000313 ! serous secreting cell
xref: FMA:86279 ! serous acinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000410
name: bronchial mucosa
def: "A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Mucous membrane of bronchus" EXACT [FMA:62652]
synonym: "bronchi mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001846
xref: FMA:62652 ! Mucosa of bronchus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
synonym: "tunica mucosa bronchi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62652]
xref: SCTID:30802009 ! Mucous membrane of bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000414
name: mucous gland
def: "A gland that secretes mucus[cjm]. In humans, these are found in several different parts of the body, typically stain lighter than serous glands during standard histological preparation. Most are multicellular, but goblet cell are single-celled glands. [WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Mucous_gland]
property_value: taxon_notes "In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong]" xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:8292", source="Kardong"}
synonym: "mucus gland" RELATED []
synonym: "glandula mucosa" RELATED [BTO:0001979]
synonym: "muciparous gland" RELATED [BTO:0001979]
xref: BTO:0001979
xref: FMA:62888 ! Mucous gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray1021.png/200px-Gray1021.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0070254 ! mucus secretion
relationship: secretes UBERON:0000912 ! mucus
relationship: has_part CL:0000319 ! mucus secreting cell
xref: AAO:0010601 ! mucous gland
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glandula mucosa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mucous_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray1021.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000415
name: artery wall
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Arterial wall" EXACT [FMA:14155]
synonym: "wall of artery" EXACT [FMA:14155]
xref: BTO:0002009
xref: FMA:14155 ! Wall of artery
xref: galen:ArterialWall
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001637 ! artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000418
name: obsolete tubercle
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000420
name: myoepithelium
def: "An epithelium consisting of myopethelial cells, which are contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament[CL]." [CL:0000185, Wikipedia:Myoepithelial_cell]
synonym: "myo-epithelium" EXACT [FMA:67805]
xref: BTO:0002308
xref: FMA:67805 ! Myo-epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000488 ! atypical epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000185 ! myoepithelial cell
synonym: "myoepitheliocytus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Myoepithelial_cell]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008974 ! apocrine gland
name: apocrine gland
def: "A gland whose discharged secretion contains part of the secreting cells." [BTO:0001162, Wikipedia:Apocrine]
synonym: "true apocrine gland" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002530 {source="BTO"} ! gland
xref: SCTID:361698000 ! Entire apocrine gland
xref: BTO:0001162 ! apocrine gland
subset: organ_slim
property_value: has_relational_adjective "apocrine" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010243
name: merocrine gland
def: "One in which the secretory cells maintain their integrity throughout the secretory cycle." [BTO:0002324, Wikipedia:Merocrine]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0006887 ! exocytosis
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008974 {source="cjm"} ! apocrine gland
xref: BTO:0002324 ! merocrine gland
property_value: has_relational_adjective "merocrine" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012344
name: holocrine gland
def: "A gland whose discharged secretion contains entire secreting cells." [BTO:0002325, Wikipedia:Holocrine_glands, Wikipedia:Holocrine]
is_a: UBERON:0002530 {source="BTO"} ! gland
xref: BTO:0002325 ! holocrine gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000382
name: apocrine sweat gland
def: "Apocrine sweat glands are sweat glands composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. In humans, apocrine sweat glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae (armpits), the areola of the nipples, and the genitoanal region. The ducts of apocrine glands open into the canals of hair follicles. The stimulus for the secretion of apocrine sweat glands is adrenaline, which is a hormone carried in the blood[WP]." [Wikipedia:Apocrine_sweat_gland]
comment: A note of confusion is the difference between apocrine secretion and apocrine sweat gland. Apocrine secretion refers to the apical loss of a cell's membrane to create cell blebs, thus creating a secretory product. Apocrine sweat gland refers to a structure, not a secretion process. Apocrine sweat glands actually use a merocrine type secretion, or that mediated by exocytosis of secretory granules. When "apocrine gland" is used without the word sweat, it is often referring to the gland which uses merocrine secretion, and not the secretion method. The important difference in apocrine sweat gland structure is its larger lumen, compared to the more narrow lumen of the eccrine sweat gland.
synonym: "glandula sudorifera apocrina" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Apocrine_sweat_gland]
xref: BTO:0001458
xref: FMA:59155 ! Apocrine sweat gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Apocrine_Sweat_Gland ! Apocrine Sweat Gland
xref: MESH:A10.336.899.206 ! apocrine gland
is_a: UBERON:0001820 {source="FMA"} ! sweat gland
is_a: UBERON:0010243 {source="Wikipedia", notes="The term apocrine sweat gland is a misnomer. While it was once thought that apocrine sweat glands were true apocrine glands\, it is now known that they use merocrine excretion. However\, they have retained the original name"} ! merocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="FMA"} ! epidermis
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9822 {source="http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/swine/swine.htm"} ! Sus
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000423 ! eccrine sweat gland
xref: SCTID:399916008 ! Entire apocrine sweat gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0930083

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000423
name: eccrine sweat gland
def: "An ordinary, or simple, sweat gland; they are of the merocrine type, unbranched, coiled, tubular glands that are distributed over almost all of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of their secretion." [BTO:0002323, Wikipedia:Eccrine_sweat_gland]
synonym: "eccrine gland" RELATED [FMA:59154]
synonym: "merocrine sweat gland" RELATED []
synonym: "glandula sudorifera merocrina" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Eccrine_sweat_gland]
synonym: "glandula sudorifera eccrina" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Eccrine_sweat_gland]
xref: BTO:0002323 ! eccrine sweat gland
xref: FMA:59154 ! Eccrine sweat gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Eccrine_Sweat_Gland ! Eccrine Sweat Gland
xref: GAID:945 ! eccrine gland
xref: MESH:A10.336.899.480 ! eccrine gland
xref: SCTID:361699008 ! Entire eccrine gland
is_a: UBERON:0001820 ! sweat gland
is_a: UBERON:0010243 {source="BTO"} ! merocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="FMA"} ! epidermis
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0013492

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000426
name: extravillous trophoblast
synonym: "intermediate trophoblast" EXACT [FMA:86561]
synonym: "interstitial trophoblast" RELATED [BTO:0002366]
xref: BTO:0002366
xref: FMA:86561 ! Intermediate trophoblast
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000427
name: obsolete cytotrophoblastic cell
consider: ncithesaurus:Cytotrophoblastic_Cell ! Cytotrophoblastic Cell
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000430
name: ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus
def: "A nucleus medially located within the ventral nuclei of the thalamus." [BTO:0002469]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami" RELATED [BTO:0002469]
xref: BTO:0002469 ! ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus
xref: FMA:84347 ! Ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus
xref: ZFA:0000370 ! intermediate thalamic nucleus
xref: EV:0100208 ! ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001900 {source="ZFA", source="BTO-definition"} ! subthalamus
xref: TAO:0000370 ! intermediate thalamic nucleus
synonym: "intermediate thalamic nucleus" RELATED [TAO:0000370]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000431
name: ventral medial complex of thalamus
synonym: "ventral medial nuclei of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:77795]
synonym: "ventral medial complex of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:77795]
synonym: "nuclei ventrales mediales thalami" RELATED [BTO:0002470]
xref: BTO:0002470
xref: FMA:77795 ! Set of ventral medial nuclei of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus
synonym: "set of ventral medial nuclei of thalamus" RELATED [FMA:77795]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009641 ! ansa lenticularis
name: ansa lenticularis
def: "The ansa lenticularis (ansa lentiformis in older texts) is a part of the brain, making up the superior layer of the substantia innominata of Meynert. Its fibers, derived from the medullary lamina of the lentiform nucleus, pass medially to end in the thalamus and subthalamic region, while others are said to end in the tegmentum and red nucleus. It is classified by NeuroNames as part of the subthalamus." [Wikipedia:Ansa_lenticularis]
synonym: "ansa lenticularis in thalamo" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ansa lenticularis in thalamus" EXACT  [FMA:62070]
synonym: "ventral peduncle of lateral forebrain bundle" EXACT  [FMA:62070]
is_a: UBERON:0002791 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! regional part of telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001900 {source="FMA"} ! subthalamus
xref: FMA:62070 ! ansa lenticularis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010011 ! Ansa lenticularis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/DA-loops_in_PD.jpg
xref: SCTID:37467007 ! Entire ansa lenticularis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009643
name: central tegmental tract
def: "The central tegmental tract is a structure in the midbrain and pons. The central tegmental tract includes ascending axonal fibers which arise from the rostral nucleus solitarius and terminate in the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of thalamus. Information from the thalamus will go to cortical taste area, namely the insula and frontal operculum. It also contains descending axonal fibers from the parvocellular red nucleus. The descending axons will project to the inferior olivary nucleus. This latter pathway will be used to connect the contralateral cerebellum." [Wikipedia:Central_tegmental_tract]
is_a: UBERON:0007702 {source="FMA"} ! tract of brain
xref: FMA:83850 ! central tegmental tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010012 ! Central tegmental tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Midbrainsuperiorcolliculus.png
xref: SCTID:369034000 ! Entire central tegmental tract


[Term]
id: UBERON:0000433
name: posterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
synonym: "dorsal paraventricular nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:76961]
synonym: "nucleus paraventricularis posterior thalami" RELATED [BTO:0002477]
xref: BTO:0002477
xref: FMA:76961 ! Dorsal paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000434
name: anterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
synonym: "ventral paraventricular nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:76962]
synonym: "nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami" RELATED [BTO:0002478]
xref: BTO:0002478
xref: FMA:76962 ! Ventral paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006569
name: diencephalic nucleus
xref: ZFA:0001659 ! diencephalic nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: TAO:0002191 ! diencephalic nucleus
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a diencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006568
name: hypothalamic nucleus
synonym: "nucleus of hypothalamus" EXACT [FMA:258762]
xref: BTO:0002449 ! hypothalamic nucleus
xref: FMA:258762 ! nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: MA:0002426 ! hypothalamic nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus
xref: SCTID:279304003 ! Hypothalamic nucleus
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a hypothalamus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000435
name: lateral tuberal nucleus
def: "Nerve cell nuclei situated ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area." [BTO:0002481]
synonym: "Lateral tuberal hypothalamic nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62336]
synonym: "Lateral tuberal nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62336]
synonym: "lateral tuberal nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1206]
synonym: "nuclei tuberales laterales" RELATED [BTO:0002481]
xref: BTO:0002481
xref: FMA:62336 ! Lateral tuberal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1206 ! Lateral tuberal nuclear complex
xref: EV:0100240 ! lateral tuberal nucleus
xref: BM:TU ! lateral tuberal nucleus
xref: ABA:TU ! Tuberal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002430 ! lateral hypothalamic area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000438
name: obsolete set of arachnoid trabecula
synonym: "Arachnoid trabeculae set" EXACT [FMA:77761]
consider: FMA:77761 ! Set of arachnoid trabeculae
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "trabeculae arachnoideae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77761]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000439
name: arachnoid trabecula
def: "a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue." [GO:0060343]
synonym: "trabecula arachnoideum" RELATED LATIN []
xref: BTO:0002500 ! 
xref: FMA:83979 ! Arachnoid trabecula
is_a: UBERON:0000440 ! trabecula
relationship: has_part GO:0005581 ! collagen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000440
name: trabecula
def: "A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like.. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Trabecula, GO:0060343]
subset: grouping_class
xref: BTO:0002501 ! trabecula
xref: FMA:85273 ! Trabecula
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: has_part GO:0005581 ! collagen
property_value: has_relational_adjective "trabecular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010183
name: liver trabecula
def: "A trabecula that is part of a liver" [OBOL:automatic, GO:0060344]
synonym: "hepatic trabecula" RELATED  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000440 ! trabecula
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005945
name: neurocranial trabecula
synonym: "neurocranial trabeculae" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001321]
synonym: "trabecula" BROAD SENSU [ZFA:0001321]
synonym: "trabecular cartilage" BROAD [ZFA:0001321]
xref: ZFA:0001321 ! neurocranial trabecula
xref: EFO:0003677 ! neurocranial trabecula
is_a: UBERON:0000440 ! trabecula
is_a: UBERON:0003932 {source="ZFA"} ! cartilage element of chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 {source="ZFA"} ! olfactory region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="ZFA"} ! neurocranium
xref: TAO:0001321 ! neurocranial trabecula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007215 ! trabecula cranii
name: trabecula cranii
def: "Paired thin medially aligned bar of cartilage that extends from the anterior end of the chondrocranium to just anterior to the anterior end of the notochord. The posterior ends of the trabeculae cranii are continuous with the parachordal cartilages, and they enclose the hypophyseal fenestra." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: A paired cartilage element appearing in the preotic section of the head at the border between the brain and visceral structures (The Trabecula cranii: development and homology of an enigmatic vertebrate head structure - Cerny et al 2006)
synonym: "trabeculae cranii" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001507]
xref: TAO:0001507 ! trabecula cranii
xref: ZFA:0001507 ! trabecula cranii
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! cartilaginous elemenet of chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005945 ! neurocranial trabecula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000449
name: decidual cell
def: "Before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus, the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus undergoes important changes and is then known as the decidua. The thickness and vascularity of the mucous membrane are greatly increased; its glands are elongated and open on its free surface by funnel-shaped orifices, while their deeper portions are tortuous and dilated into irregular spaces. The interglandular tissue is also increased in quantity, and is crowded with large round, oval, or polygonal cells, termed decidual cells. Their enlargement is due to glycogen and lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm allowing these cells to provide a rich source of nutrition for the developing embryo. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Decidual_cells]
comment: request from CL
xref: BTO:0002770
xref: FMA:86480 ! Decidual cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Decidual_Cell ! Decidual Cell
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: UMLS:C1511740

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000450
name: corpus albicans
def: "White fibrous tissue that replaces the regressing corpus luteum in the human ovary in the latter half of pregnancy, or soon after ovulation when pregnancy does not supervene." [BTO:0002784]
synonym: "corpus albicans of ovary" EXACT [FMA:18620]
synonym: "corpus fibrosum" RELATED [BTO:0002784]
synonym: "corpus mamillare" RELATED  [BTO:0002784]
synonym: "mamillary body" RELATED INCONSISTENT [BTO:0002784]
synonym: "mammillary body" RELATED INCONSISTENT [BTO:0002784]
xref: BTO:0002784
xref: FMA:18620 ! Corpus albicans
xref: EMAPA:29888 ! corpus albicans
is_a: UBERON:0003982 {source="BTO"} ! mature ovarian follicle
xref: SCTID:258043001 ! Entire corpus albicans of ovary

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001384
name: primary motor cortex
def: "a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto alpha motor neurons which connect to the muscles. Pre-motor areas are involved in planning actions (in concert with the basal ganglia) and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum). The human primary motor cortex is located in the dorsal part of the precentral gyrus and the anterior bank of the central sulcus. The precentral gyrus is in front of the postcentral gyrus from which it is separated by the central sulcus. Its anterior border is the precentral sulcus, while inferiorly it borders to the lateral fissure (Sylvian fissure). Medially, it is contiguous with the paracentral lobule." [Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex]
comment: TODO: in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 {source="MA-modified"} ! parietal lobe
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "motor cortex" EXACT [FMA:224854]
synonym: "prefrontal gyrus" RELATED [MP:0000798, Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex]
xref: FMA:224854 ! Primary motor cortex
xref: MA:0000907 ! primary motor cortex
xref: EFO:0002472 ! somatomotor cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ba4.png/200px-Ba4.png
xref: BTO:0004348 ! motor cortex
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.270.548 ! motor cortex
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-M1 ! primary motor cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! region of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 {source="MA", source="Wikipedia"} ! frontal cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
xref: SCTID:11931008 ! Motor cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Primary_Motor_Cortex ! primary motor cortex
synonym: "gyrus precentralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Ba4.png
property_value: external_definition "the area of the frontal lobe that is involved with integration of voluntary movements and with speech.[MP]" xsd:string {ontology="MP", external_class="MP:0000800", date_retrieved="2012-08-31", source="MGI:csmith"}
xref: UMLS:C0026607

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000451
name: prefrontal cortex
def: "The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes). Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Prefrontal_cortex, Wikipedia:Prefrontal_cortex]
comment: TODO - check MA
synonym: "prefrontal association cortex" EXACT [FMA:224850]
synonym: "frontal association cortex" RELATED ATTRIBUTION_REQUIRED [MA:0000906]
synonym: "prefrontal association complex" RELATED [BTO:0002807]
xref: BTO:0002807
xref: FMA:224850 ! Prefrontal cortex
xref: EFO:0001384 ! prefrontal cortex
xref: GAID:676 ! prefrontal cortex
xref: MA:0000906 ! frontal association cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090801 ! Prefrontal cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg/200px-Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.270.700 ! prefrontal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 ! frontal cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000454
name: cerebral subcortex
synonym: "Cerebral medulla" EXACT [FMA:242188]
synonym: "subcortex" RELATED [BTO:0002858]
xref: BTO:0002858
xref: FMA:242188 ! Cerebral subcortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Subcortex ! cerebral subcortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000456
alt_id: UBERON:0006540
name: bodily secretion
def: "Body substance in a liquid or semisolid state produced by an exocrine gland. Example: saliva, sebum, blood, plasma, semen, urine." [FMA:9675]
comment: AO notes: BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions
synonym: "external secretion" RELATED  [BTO:0002977]
synonym: "exocrine gland fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "exocrine gland secretion" RELATED []
synonym: "exocrine gland fluid or secretion" RELATED []
synonym: "secretion" RELATED [FMA:9675]
synonym: "secreted substance" EXACT []
synonym: "exocrine gland fluid/secretion" EXACT [MA:0002504]
xref: BTO:0002979
xref: FMA:9675 ! Secretion
xref: galen:Secretion ! secretion
xref: MESH:A12.200 ! bodily secretion
xref: MA:0002504 ! exocrine gland fluid/secretion
xref: BTO:0002977 ! exocrine glandular secretion
xref: ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland_Fluid_or_Secretion ! Exocrine Gland Fluid or Secretion
xref: AEO:0001005 ! secretion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
xref: UMLS:C1516992

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000457
name: cavernous artery
synonym: "Cavernous branch of cavernous part of internal carotid artery" EXACT [FMA:70527]
xref: BTO:0002996
xref: FMA:70527 ! Cavernous artery
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
synonym: "ramus sinus cavernosi (pars cavernosa) (arteria carotis interna)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:70527]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000459
name: uterine wall
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of uterus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterus anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterus wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of uterus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0003083
xref: FMA:17560 ! Wall of uterus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
xref: SCTID:245485002 ! Uterine wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011826 ! vestibular gland
name: vestibular gland
def: "Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate with the vestibule of vagina. Examples: right vestibular gland, lesser vestibular gland." [FMA:20020, Wikipedia:Vestibular_glands]
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0005398 ! female reproductive gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
xref: FMA:20020 ! vestibular gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000460 ! major vestibular gland
name: major vestibular gland
def: "Gland found in pairs located slightly below and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in women. Bartholin's glands are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males. However, while Bartholin's glands are located in the superficial perineal pouch, bulbourethral glands are located in the deep perineal pouch. They secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication." [Wikipedia:Bartholin's_gland]
synonym: "Bartholin's gland" EXACT [FMA:9598]
synonym: "Duverney's gland" RELATED [FMA:9598]
synonym: "Tiedemann's gland" EXACT [FMA:9598]
synonym: "vulvovaginal gland" EXACT [FMA:9598]
synonym: "greater vestibular gland" RELATED [MA:0002936]
synonym: "glandula vestibularis major" RELATED [BTO:0003115]
synonym: "greater vestibular glands of bartholin" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bartholin%27s_gland]
xref: BTO:0003115
xref: FMA:9598 ! Greater vestibular gland
xref: GAID:384 ! bartholin's gland
xref: MA:0002936 ! bartholin's gland
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.887.220 ! bartholin's gland
is_a: UBERON:0011826 ! vestibular gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 {source="FMA"} ! integumental system
relationship: sexually_homologous_to UBERON:0002366 {source="Wikipedia"} ! bulbo-urethral gland
relationship: secretes UBERON:0000912 ! mucus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000164 {source="Wikipedia"} ! primitive urogenital sinus
xref: SCTID:362244005 ! Entire Bartholin's gland
subset: organ_slim
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0005056 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! external female genitalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010150
name: duct of major vestibular gland
def: "One of a pair of ducts leading from the Bartholin's glands to the surface of the vulva" [Wikipedia:Bartholin's_duct]
synonym: "greater vestibular gland duct" EXACT  [FMA:20088]
synonym: "Bartholin's duct" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [Wikipedia:Bartholin's_duct]
synonym: "duct of greater vestibular gland" EXACT [FMA:20088]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000460 ! major vestibular gland
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0010151 ! duct of bulbourethral gland
xref: FMA:20088 ! duct of greater vestibular gland
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003985 ! major sublingual duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000461
name: minor vestibular gland
def: "Small mucous glands opening upon the vestibular mucous membrane between the urethral and the vaginal orifice." [BTO:0003116]
comment: Editors note: compare with Skene's gland. Structure notes: check and part_of relationships to mammalian vulva / urethra
synonym: "glandula vestibular minor" EXACT [FMA:20019]
synonym: "lesser vestibular gland" EXACT [FMA:20019]
synonym: "glandula vestibulares minor" RELATED [BTO:0003116]
synonym: "Guerin's gland" RELATED [BTO:0003116]
synonym: "Guérin's gland" RELATED []
synonym: "paraurethral gland" RELATED [BTO:0003116]
synonym: "periurethral gland" RELATED [BTO:0003116]
synonym: "Schueller's gland" RELATED [BTO:0003116]
synonym: "skene's gland" RELATED [BTO:0003116]
synonym: "urethral gland of female urethra" RELATED [BTO:0003116]
synonym: "female urethral gland" BROAD [EMAPA:29653]
xref: BTO:0003116
xref: FMA:20019 ! Lesser vestibular gland
is_a: UBERON:0010145 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! paraurethral gland
is_a: UBERON:0011826 ! vestibular gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 {source="FMA"} ! female reproductive system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001334 ! female urethra
xref: SCTID:279869001 ! Entire minor vestibular gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Skene_s_Gland ! skene gland
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010145 ! paraurethral gland
name: paraurethral gland
def: "In human anatomy (female), the Skene's glands (also known as the lesser vestibular glands, periurethral glands, skene glands, paraurethral glands, U-spot, or female prostate) are glands located on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. They drain into the urethra and near the urethral opening. These glands are surrounded with tissue, which includes the part of the clitoris that reaches up inside the vagina and swells with blood during sexual arousal." [Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland]
comment: AO notes: in MP female urethral gland, Skene gland and paraurethral gland are exact syns. Note that NCITA seems to use the term in a more generic way, as a parent for skene gland, cowper gland (which may be the same as the male bulbo-urethral gland)
synonym: "female urethral gland" RELATED INCONSISTENT  []
synonym: "U-spot" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland]
synonym: "periurethral gland" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland]
synonym: "female prostate" EXACT  [PMID:10668204, Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland]
synonym: "para-urethral gland" EXACT  [FMA:20083]
synonym: "Skene's gland" EXACT  [FMA:20083]
synonym: "Skene gland" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 {source="FMA"} ! female reproductive system
relationship: sexually_homologous_to UBERON:0002367 {source="PMID:10668204"} ! prostate gland
xref: FMA:20083 ! paraurethral gland
xref: SCTID:264125007 ! Entire paraurethral gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Paraurethral_Gland ! Paraurethral Gland
synonym: "glandulae vestibulares minores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Skene%27s_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Skenes_gland.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0221315

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001338
name: urethral gland
def: "any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the male or female urethra that help protect the epithelium from the corrosive urine" [MP:anna]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "urethra gland (male or female)" EXACT []
synonym: "urethra gland" EXACT []
synonym: "gland of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:19683 ! Urethral gland
xref: MA:0001688 ! urethra gland
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:279477005 ! Entire urethral gland
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010186
name: male urethral gland
def: "Any of the many glands that branch off the wall of the urethra of male mammals. The glands secrete mucus, which is incorporated into the semen, and are most numerous in the section of the urethra that runs through the penis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Urethral_gland]
synonym: "Littre's gland" EXACT  [FMA:21443]
synonym: "gland of male urethra" EXACT  []
synonym: "gland of Littre" EXACT  []
synonym: "male urethra gland" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001338 ! urethral gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001333 ! male urethra
xref: FMA:21443 ! urethral gland (male)
xref: SCTID:303562001 ! Entire Littre's gland
xref: EMAPA:29645 ! male urethral gland
synonym: "glandulae urethrales urethrae masculinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Urethral_gland]
xref: ncithesaurus:Urethral_Gland ! gland of littre
synonym: "urethral gland (male)" EXACT [FMA:21443]
xref: UMLS:C1314737

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010187
name: female urethral gland
def: "An urethral gland that is part of a female urethra." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethral gland (female)" EXACT [FMA:21444]
synonym: "gland of female urethra" EXACT  []
synonym: "female urethra gland" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001338 ! urethral gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001334 ! female urethra
xref: FMA:21444 ! urethral gland (female)
xref: SCTID:279476001 ! Female urethral gland
xref: EMAPA:29653 ! female urethral gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010146
name: paraurethral duct
def: "The Skene's ducts are a pair of ducts leading from the Skene's glands to the surface of the vulva, to the left and right of the urethral opening. Like the Skene's glands, they are named after Alexander Skene." [Wikipedia:Skene%27s_ducts]
comment: AO notes: FMA has separate class 'duct of paraurethral gland' (FMA:21860)
synonym: "duct of Skene's gland" EXACT INCONSISTENT  [FMA:21860]
synonym: "paraurethral gland duct" EXACT INCONSISTENT [FMA:21860]
synonym: "duct of paraurethral gland" EXACT INCONSISTENT [FMA:21860]
synonym: "Skene's duct" EXACT  [FMA:21445]
synonym: "periurethral duct" EXACT  []
synonym: "female prostate duct" EXACT  [PMID:10668204]
synonym: "ductus paraurethrales urethrae femininae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Skene%27s_ducts]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010145 ! paraurethral gland
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0002485 {source="PMID:10668204"} ! prostate duct
xref: FMA:21445 ! paraurethral duct
xref: SCTID:279480006 ! Entire paraurethral ducts
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Skenes_gland.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000462
name: obsolete villus
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000463
name: portion of organism substance
def: "Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
synonym: "body fluid or substance" EXACT [MA:0002450]
synonym: "portion of body substance" EXACT [FMA:9669]
synonym: "body substance" EXACT [FMA:9669]
synonym: "organism substance" EXACT []
xref: BILA:0000004
xref: CARO:0000004 ! portion of organism substance
xref: FBbt:00007019 ! portion of organism substance
xref: HAO:0000004 ! portion of organism substance
xref: ZFA:0001487 ! portion of organism substance
xref: FMA:9669 ! Portion of body substance
xref: EHDAA2:0003004 ! portion of organism substance
xref: AEO:0000004 ! portion of organism substance
xref: MA:0002450 ! body fluid or substance
xref: TGMA:0001824 ! portion of organism substance
is_a: UBERON:0000465 ! material anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: ncithesaurus:Body_Fluid_or_Substance ! Body Fluid or Substance
xref: galen:BodySubstance
xref: AAO:0010839 ! portion of organism substance
xref: XAO:0004001 ! portion of organism substance
xref: SPD:0000008  ! portion of organism substance
xref: TAO:0001487 ! portion of organism substance
xref: VHOG:0001726  ! portion of organism substance

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006314 ! bodily fluid
name: bodily fluid
def: "Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not." [MESH:A12.207, Wikipedia:Body_fluid]
comment: consider merging with parent class
synonym: "body fluid" EXACT [GAID:266]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20 ! Bodily fluid
xref: GAID:266 ! body fluid
xref: MESH:A12.207 ! body fluid
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: output_of GO:0007589 ! body fluid secretion
xref: galen:BodyFluid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007779
name: transudate
def: "Body substance in liquid state, which is derived from plasma by passage through the (intact) wall of capillaries without further processing by secretory cells or glands." [FMA:12276]
xref: FMA:12276 ! transudate
xref: MESH:A12.383 ! (also: UBERON:0007780 'exudate')
xref: GAID:1195 ! exudates and transudate
is_a: UBERON:0006314 ! bodily fluid
is_a: UBERON:0000463 {source="FMA"} ! portion of organism substance
xref: ncithesaurus:Transudate ! Transudate
property_value: has_relational_adjective "transudative" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007793
name: labyrinthine fluid
def: "Fluids found within the osseous labyrinth (PERILYMPH) and the membranous labyrinth (ENDOLYMPH) of the inner ear. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p1328, 1332)" [MESH:A12.207.571]
synonym: "labyrinthine fluid" RELATED  [MESH:A12.207.571]
xref: MESH:A12.207.571 ! labyrinthine fluid
xref: GAID:1183 ! labyrinthine fluid 
is_a: UBERON:0006314 {source="MESH"} ! bodily fluid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007794
name: serous fluid
def: "Transudate contained in a serous sac." [FMA:20932]
xref: FMA:20932 ! serous fluid
is_a: UBERON:0007779 {source="FMA"} ! transudate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000464
name: anatomical space
def: "Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
synonym: "lumen" BROAD []
synonym: "lumen space" EXACT []
synonym: "space" BROAD []
xref: BILA:0000005
xref: CARO:0000005 ! anatomical space
xref: FBbt:00007017 ! anatomical space
xref: FMA:5897 ! Anatomical space
xref: HAO:0000005 ! anatomical space
xref: TAO:0001668 ! anatomical space
xref: ZFA:0001643 ! anatomical space
xref: EHDAA2:0003005 ! anatomical space
xref: AEO:0000005 ! anatomical space
xref: XAO:0003190 ! anatomical space
xref: TGMA:0001825 ! anatomical space
is_a: UBERON:0000466 ! immaterial anatomical entity
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
xref: AAO:0010110 ! anatomical space
xref: VHOG:0001728 ! anatomical space
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumen_Space ! lumen
xref: UMLS:C0524461

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000465
name: material anatomical entity
def: "Anatomical entity that has mass." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000006
xref: CARO:0000006 ! material anatomical entity
xref: FBbt:00007016 ! material anatomical entity
xref: FMA:67165 ! Material anatomical entity
xref: HAO:0000006 ! material anatomical entity
xref: TAO:0001836 ! material anatomical entity
xref: EHDAA2:0003006 ! material anatomical entity
xref: AEO:0000006 ! material anatomical entity
xref: TGMA:0001826 ! material anatomical entity
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
xref: AAO:0010264 ! material anatomical entity
xref: VHOG:0001721 ! material anatomical entity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000466
name: immaterial anatomical entity
def: "Anatomical entity that has no mass." [CARO:MAH]
subset: disjointness_axiom_removed
subset: upper_level
synonym: "immaterial physical anatomical entity" EXACT [FMA:67112]
xref: BILA:0000007
xref: CARO:0000007 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: FBbt:00007015 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: HAO:0000007 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: FMA:67112 ! Immaterial anatomical entity
xref: EHDAA2:0003007 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: AEO:0000007 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: TGMA:0001827 ! immaterial anatomical entity
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
xref: AAO:0010265 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: TAO:0001835 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: VHOG:0001727 ! immaterial anatomical entity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000467
name: anatomical system
def: "Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity[CARO]. A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task [Wikipedia]." [CARO:0000011, CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Organ_system]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: upper_level
synonym: "body system" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_14]
synonym: "organ system" EXACT []
synonym: "system" BROAD [GO:0048731]
xref: AAO:0000007 ! anatomical_system
xref: BILA:0000011
xref: CARO:0000011 ! anatomical system
xref: EHDAA:392 ! organ system
xref: EHDAA2:0003011 ! anatomical system
xref: FBbt:00004856 ! organ system
xref: FMA:7149 ! Organ system
xref: galen:AnatomicalSystem
xref: HAO:0000011 ! anatomical system
xref: MA:0000003 ! organ system
xref: TAO:0001439 ! anatomical system
xref: XAO:0003002 ! anatomical system
xref: ZFA:0001439 ! anatomical system
xref: ncithesaurus:Organ_System ! Organ System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ ! organ system
xref: EHDAA2:0001330 ! organ system
xref: AEO:0000011 ! anatomical system
xref: TGMA:0001831 ! anatomical system
xref: EMAPA:16103 ! organ system
xref: WBbt:0005746 ! Organ system
xref: EV:0100000 ! Anatomical System
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_14 ! Body system
xref: SCTID:278195005 ! Entire body system
is_a: UBERON:0000480 ! anatomical group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000007", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.[CARO]" xsd:string {ontology="CARO", external_class="CARO:0000011", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="CARO:MAH", source="FMA:7149"}
xref: VHOG:0001725 ! anatomical system
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical group that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001439", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0460002

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000468
name: multi-cellular organism
def: "Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell." [CARO:0000012, CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Multi-cellular_organism]
comment: TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage
subset: uberon_slim
subset: upper_level
synonym: "organism" EXACT []
synonym: "whole organism" EXACT []
synonym: "body" EXACT []
synonym: "adult mouse" EXACT [MA:0002405]
synonym: "TS28" RELATED [MA:0002405]
synonym: "whole body" EXACT [BTO:0001489]
synonym: "Koerper" RELATED [BTO:0001489]
xref: BILA:0000012
xref: CARO:0000012 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: HAO:0000012 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: TAO:0001094 ! body
xref: XAO:0003004 ! whole organism
xref: ZFA:0001094 ! whole organism
xref: FMA:256135 ! Body
xref: MA:0002405 ! adult mouse (also: UBERON:0009953 'post-embryonic organism')
xref: ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism ! Whole Organism
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_18 ! Body
xref: EHDAA2:0003103 ! body
xref: AEO:0000103 ! body
xref: AEO:0000191 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: BTO:0001489 ! whole body
xref: TADS:0000001 ! adult body
xref: TGMA:0001832 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: VHOG:0000671 ! organism
xref: FBbt:00000001 ! organism
xref: WBbt:0007833 !  organism 
xref: EMAPA:25765 ! mouse
xref: EHDAA:1 ! human
xref: EHDAA2:0003191 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: EHDAA:9178 ! body (also: UBERON:0001150 'body of pancreas')
xref: EV:0100016 ! whole body
xref: EFO:0002906 ! whole organism
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
xref: galen:Organism
xref: AAO:0010026 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:243928005 ! Entire body region
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001094", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "organismal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000470
name: cell part
def: "Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell." [CARO:MAH]
comment: todo - move metadata to GO and obsolete this class. Note the inconsistency between the usage of the label 'cell component' in GO and CARO
subset: upper_level
synonym: "cell component" RELATED [CARO:0000014]
xref: BILA:0000014
xref: CARO:0000014 ! cell component
xref: FBbt:00007012 ! cell component
xref: FMA:86454 ! Cell component
xref: GO:0044464
xref: HAO:0000014 ! cell component
xref: ncithesaurus:Cell_Part ! Cell Part
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQwkcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cell part
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao-1337158144 ! Cellular Component
xref: TGMA:0001834 ! cell component
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: part_of CL:0000000 ! cell
relationship: part_of CL:0000000 ! cell
xref: AAO:0010271 ! cell component
xref: UMLS:C1178969

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000471
name: compound organ component
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ." [CARO:0000019, CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000019
xref: CARO:0000019 ! compound organ component
xref: HAO:0000019 ! compound organ component
xref: TAO:0001489 ! compound organ component
xref: XAO:0003039 ! compound organ component
xref: ZFA:0001489 ! compound organ component
xref: EHDAA2:0003019 ! compound organ component
xref: AEO:0000019 ! compound organ component
xref: TGMA:0001835 ! compound organ component
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: AAO:0010017 ! compound organ component

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000472
name: simple organ
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ." [CARO:0000021, CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000021
xref: CARO:0000021 ! simple organ
xref: HAO:0000021 ! simple organ
xref: TAO:0001492 ! simple organ
xref: XAO:0003038 ! simple organ
xref: ZFA:0001492 ! simple organ
xref: EHDAA2:0003190 ! simple organ
xref: AEO:0000190 ! simple organ
xref: TGMA:0001836 ! simple organ
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: AAO:0010051 ! simple organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000473
name: testis
alt_id: UBERON:0002117
def: "gonad of a male animal, produces and releases sperm." [Wikipedia:Testis]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "testes" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "gonad of male genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of male genitals" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of male reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of male genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of male genitals" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of male reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male genitalia gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male genitalia gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male genitals gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male reproductive system gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male reproductive system gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "genitalia of male organism gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "genitalia of male organism gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of genitalia of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of male organism genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of male organism reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of reproductive system of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of genitalia of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of male organism genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of male organism reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of reproductive system of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism genitalia gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism genitalia gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism reproductive system gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism reproductive system gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system of male organism gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system of male organism gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "testicle" EXACT [FMA:7210]
synonym: "orchis" RELATED [BTO:0001363]
synonym: "testiculus" RELATED [BTO:0001363]
xref: AAO:0000606 ! testis
xref: BILA:0000124
xref: BTO:0001363
xref: EHDAA:8146 ! testis
xref: FBbt:00004928 ! testis
xref: FMA:7210 ! Testis
xref: GAID:396 ! testis
xref: HAO:0001007 ! testis
xref: VHOG:0000252 ! testis
xref: MA:0000411 ! testis
xref: MAT:0000132 ! testis
xref: MIAA:0000132 ! testis
xref: ncithesaurus:Testis
xref: TAO:0000598 ! testis
xref: WBbt:0006794 ! male gonad
xref: XAO:0000157 ! testis
xref: ZFA:0000598 ! testis
xref: EFO:0000984 ! testis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjM25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! testicle
xref: galen:Testis ! testis
xref: EHDAA2:0002007 ! testis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Gray1144.png/200px-Gray1144.png
xref: EMAPA:17972 ! testis
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.849 ! testis
xref: EV:0100102 ! testis
is_a: UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
intersection_of: UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009117 ! indifferent gonad
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000468 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7742", notes="vertebrates"} ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:181431007 ! Entire testis
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Either of paired male reproductive organs which are involved in the production of sperm and male sex hormones.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000606", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Male reproductive organ.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000598", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000252", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1093/icb/icm052 Extavour CGM\, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across the Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007)\, DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T and Capel B\, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "testicular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0039597

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009196 ! indifferent external genitalia
name: indifferent external genitalia
is_a: UBERON:0004176 {source="cjm"} ! external genitalia
xref: EHDAA2:0004021 ! indifferent external genitalia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004053 ! external male genitalia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005056 ! external female genitalia
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009117 ! indifferent gonad
name: indifferent gonad
def: "A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary." [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8981]
comment: typically part of the embryo - however, in male tammar wallabies the gonads are indifferent at the neonatal stage[8827321]
is_a: UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009196 ! indifferent external genitalia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000473 ! testis
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
xref: EHDAA2:0000716 ! indifferent gonad
xref: ncithesaurus:Indifferent_Gonad ! Indifferent Gonad
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C1512703

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009118
name: marsupial pouch
synonym: "pouch" BROAD []
def: "." [Wikipedia:Pouch_(marsupial)]
is_a: UBERON:0005156 ! reproductive structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010896
name: piston cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
comment: Composition notes: composed of lamprin, an elastin-like protein, unique to lampreys
synonym: "lingual cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "piston" RELATED []
synonym: "lamprey tongue" RELATED []
subset: cyclostome_subset

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011303
name: lamprey sucker
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
xref: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/images/lamprey_sucker_rosava_3238889218.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009120 ! gill filament
name: gill filament
def: "Portion of tissue that projects outward from the gill and is a thread-like, soft, red respiratory and excretory structure." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576, http:www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/G.htm]
synonym: "gill filaments" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000667]
xref: TAO:0000667 ! gill filament
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002535 {source="ZFA"} ! gill
relationship: capable_of GO:0007585 ! respiratory gaseous exchange
xref: ZFA:0000667 ! gill filament
xref: BTO:0002150 ! gill filament
property_value: external_definition "Branched region of the gill where respiratory exchange takes place. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000667", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: EFO:0003554 ! gill filament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000474
name: female reproductive system
def: "The organs of the female reproductive system." [Wikipedia:Female_genitalia]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "female genital system" RELATED []
synonym: "female genitalia" RELATED []
synonym: "female organism genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female organism reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "genitalia of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female reproductive tract" RELATED [MA:0000381]
synonym: "gynaecological tissue" RELATED [BTO:0000083]
synonym: "systema genitale femininum" RELATED [BTO:0000083]
xref: BTO:0000083
xref: FBbt:00004864 ! female reproductive system
xref: FMA:45663 ! Female genital system
xref: GAID:364 ! female genitalia
xref: HAO:0000324 ! female genitalia
xref: VHOG:0000726 ! female reproductive system
xref: MA:0000381 ! female reproductive system
xref: MIAA:0000028 ! reproductive system - female
xref: ncithesaurus:Female_Reproductive_System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000156 ! female genitalia
xref: EFO:0000969 ! female reproductive system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! female reproductive system
xref: EHDAA2:0000506 ! female reproductive system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg/200px-Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg.png
xref: TGMA:0000635 ! female genitalia
xref: EMAPA:17959 ! female reproductive system (also: UBERON:0003134 'female reproductive organ')
xref: WBbt:0006748 ! vulva
xref: MESH:A05.360.319 ! female genitalia
xref: EHDAA:8116 ! female
xref: EV:0100110 ! female reproductive system
xref: WikipediaCategory:Female_reproductive_system
is_a: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
xref: SCTID:361386004 ! Entire female genital system
property_value: homology_notes "By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000726", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0792383369 Lombardi J\, Comparative vertebrate reproduction (1998) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0700038

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003974
name: cranial vagina
comment: Editor notes: relationship to caudal Mullerian duct?
def: "the upper third of the vagina." [MP:0009077]
synonym: "upper third of vagina" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
xref: SCTID:362247003 ! Entire upper third of vagina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000051
name: fornix of vagina
def: "The deepest portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of cervix[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vaginal_fornix]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fornix" BROAD []
synonym: "vaginal fornix" EXACT []
synonym: "fornix vaginae" EXACT []
synonym: "vaginal fornices" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: FMA:19985 ! Fornix of vagina
xref: ncithesaurus:Vaginal_Fornix ! Vaginal Fornix
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000052 ! fornix of brain
synonym: "fornix vaginae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19985]
xref: SCTID:245475003 ! Entire fornix of vagina
xref: UMLS:C0227794

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011894
name: lumen of vagina
synonym: "vaginal lumen" EXACT  [FMA:19982]
synonym: "vaginal lumen" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002558 ! organ cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
xref: FMA:19982 ! lumen of vagina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008330
name: vestibulum vaginae
def: "The space posterior to the glans clitoridis and between the labia minora, containing the openings of the vagina, urethra, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands." [BTO:0003145, Wikipedia:Vulval_vestibule]
synonym: "introitus of vagina" RELATED  [MP:anna]
synonym: "introitus" RELATED  []
synonym: "vaginal introitus" RELATED  [BTO:0003145]
synonym: "vestibule of vagina" RELATED  [BTO:0003145]
synonym: "vestibulum pudendi" RELATED  [BTO:0003145]
synonym: "vagina vestibule" EXACT  [MP:0011848]
synonym: "vestibulum pudendi" EXACT  []
synonym: "vaginal vestibule" EXACT  [FMA:19970]
synonym: "vestibule of vagina" EXACT [FMA:19970]
synonym: "vaginal opening" RELATED [MP:0001142]
synonym: "vagina opening" RELATED [MP:0001142]
synonym: "vestibulum vaginae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vulval_vestibule]
is_a: UBERON:0001349 {source="FMA"} ! vestibule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005056 {source="FMA"} ! external female genitalia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000997 {source="BTO"} ! vulva
xref: BTO:0003145 ! vestibulum vaginae
xref: FMA:19970 ! vestibule of vagina
xref: SCTID:181446000 ! Entire introitus of vagina
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Scheidenvorhof.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012317
name: vagina orifice
def: "The vaginal orifice is a median slit below and behind the opening of the urethra; its size varies inversely with that of the hymen." [Wikipedia:Vaginal_orifice]
synonym: "vaginal introitus" RELATED  []
synonym: "introitus of vagina" RELATED INCONSISTENT  []
synonym: "introitus" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:19984]
synonym: "ostium vaginae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "vaginal orifice" EXACT  [FMA:19984]
synonym: "orifice of vagina" EXACT [FMA:19984]
synonym: "vaginal opening" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
xref: FMA:19984 ! orifice of vagina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001346
name: vaginal hymen
def: "The hymen, or the vaginal corona, is a fold of mucous membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. It forms part of the vulva, or external genitalia[WP]." [Wikipedia:Hymen]
synonym: "hymen of vagina" EXACT [FMA:20005]
synonym: "hymen vaginae" EXACT []
synonym: "hymen" BROAD [MESH:A05.360.319.779.479]
synonym: "vaginal corona" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hymen]
xref: FMA:20005 ! hymen of vagina
xref: MA:0002465 ! vaginal hymen
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.779.479 ! hymen
xref: SCTID:245473005 ! Entire hymen
xref: ncithesaurus:Hymen ! Hymen
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000996 {source="FMA"} ! vagina
synonym: "hymen vaginae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hymen]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray1229.png
xref: UMLS:C0020412

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000475
name: organism subdivision
def: "Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism." [CARO:0000032, CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Body_part]
comment: Editor note: revise after CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency
subset: uberon_slim
subset: upper_level
synonym: "body region" RELATED [FMA:7153]
synonym: "body part" RELATED []
synonym: "cardinal body part" RELATED [FMA:7153]
xref: BILA:0000032
xref: CARO:0000032 ! organism subdivision
xref: FBbt:00007009 ! organism subdivision
xref: FMA:7153 ! Cardinal body part
xref: galen:BodyPart
xref: HAO:0000032 ! organism subdivision
xref: MAT:0000293 ! body part
xref: MIAA:0000293 ! body part
xref: TAO:0001308 ! organism subdivision
xref: XAO:0003013 ! organism subdivision
xref: ZFA:0001308 ! organism subdivision
xref: ncithesaurus:Body_Part ! Body Part
xref: EFO:0000808 ! animal body part
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! body part
xref: MA:0002433 ! anatomic region
xref: EHDAA2:0003032 ! organism subdivision
xref: AEO:0000032 ! organism subdivision
xref: TGMA:0001840 ! organism subdivision
xref: MESH:A01  ! body region
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000468
xref: AAO:0010053 ! organism subdivision
xref: VHOG:0001758 ! organism subdivision
synonym: "anatomic region" EXACT [MA:0002433]
xref: UMLS:C0229962

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000476
name: acellular anatomical structure
def: "Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue." [CARO:MAH]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: BILA:0000040
xref: CARO:0000040 ! acellular anatomical structure
xref: FBbt:00007013 ! acellular anatomical structure
xref: FMA:63863 ! Acellular anatomical structure
xref: HAO:0000040 ! acellular anatomical structure
xref: TAO:0000382 ! acellular anatomical structure
xref: XAO:0003162 ! acellular anatomical structure
xref: ZFA:0000382 ! acellular anatomical structure
xref: EHDAA2:0003040 ! acellular anatomical structure
xref: AEO:0000040 ! acellular anatomical structure
xref: TGMA:0001841 ! acellular anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000480 ! anatomical group
xref: AAO:0010268 ! acellular anatomical structure
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or tissue.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010268", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000477
name: anatomical cluster
def: "Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another." [CARO:MAH]
subset: disjointness_axiom_removed
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000041
xref: CARO:0000041 ! anatomical cluster
xref: FMA:49443 ! Anatomical cluster
xref: HAO:0000041 ! anatomical cluster
xref: TAO:0001478 ! anatomical cluster
xref: XAO:0003160 ! anatomical cluster
xref: ZFA:0001478 ! anatomical cluster
xref: EHDAA2:0003041 ! anatomical cluster
xref: AEO:0000041 ! anatomical cluster
xref: TGMA:0001842 ! anatomical cluster
xref: FBbt:00007277 ! anatomical cluster
xref: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster
is_a: UBERON:0000480 ! anatomical group
xref: AAO:0010009 ! anatomical cluster
xref: VHOG:0001737  ! anatomical cluster

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000478
name: extraembryonic structure
def: "Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo." [CARO:MAH, https://cedar.bio.indiana.edu/trac/env/ontologies/ticket/279]
comment: see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2. Note that the FBbt class is *not* placed here until the tracker issue is resolved.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "extra-embryonic structure" EXACT []
synonym: "extraembryonic component" RELATED []
synonym: "extraembryonic tissue" RELATED []
xref: BILA:0000042
xref: CARO:0000042 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: FMA:85537 ! Extra-embryonic structure
xref: HAO:0000042 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: VHOG:0000292 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: TAO:0000020 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: ZFA:0000020 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: ncithesaurus:Extraembryonic_Structure ! Extraembryonic Structure
xref: EHDAA2:0003042  ! extraembryonic structure
xref: AEO:0000042 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: TGMA:0001843 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: EMAPA:16042 ! extraembryonic component
xref: EHDAA:46 ! extraembryonic component
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
property_value: seeAlso FBbt:00005835
xref: AAO:0010020 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: SCTID:314908006 ! Extra-embryonic structure
xref: XAO:0004005 ! extraembryonic structure
xref: UMLS:C1282438

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005292
name: extraembryonic tissue
def: "Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "extra-embryonic tissue" EXACT []
xref: MAT:0000061 ! extraembryonic tissue
xref: MIAA:0000061 ! extraembryonic tissue
xref: BTO:0003360 ! extraembryonic tissue
xref: EFO:0001406 ! extraembryonic tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000479
name: tissue
def: "Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships." [CARO:0000043, CARO:MAH, FMA:9637]
comment: This class was sourced from CARO, which was initially sourced from FMA. Nomenclature changes have been made. Note also AEO introduces a class AEO:0000013 'single-cell tissue'
subset: upper_level
synonym: "portion of tissue" EXACT [CARO:0000043]
synonym: "tissue portion" EXACT []
synonym: "simple tissue" EXACT [AEO:0000043]
xref: BILA:0000043
xref: CARO:0000043 ! portion of tissue
xref: FBbt:00007003 ! portion of tissue
xref: FMA:9637 ! Portion of tissue
xref: HAO:0000043 ! portion of tissue
xref: TAO:0001477 ! portion of tissue
xref: XAO:0003040 ! portion of tissue
xref: ZFA:0001477 ! portion of tissue
xref: AAO:0000607 ! tissue
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_19 ! Tissue
xref: EHDAA2:0003043 ! simple tissue
xref: TGMA:0001844 ! portion of tissue
xref: WBbt:0005729 ! Tissue
xref: MESH:A10 ! tissue
xref: AEO:0000043 ! simple tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
xref: ncithesaurus:Tissue ! Tissue
xref: galen:Tissue
xref: AAO:0010054 ! portion of tissue
xref: MA:0003002 ! tissue
xref: VHOG:0001757 ! portion of tissue
xref: UMLS:C0040300

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000480
name: anatomical group
def: "Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue." [CARO:0000054, CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000054
xref: CARO:0000054 ! anatomical group
xref: HAO:0000054 ! anatomical group
xref: TAO:0001512 ! anatomical group
xref: XAO:0003001 ! anatomical group
xref: ZFA:0001512 ! anatomical group
xref: EHDAA2:0003054 ! anatomical group
xref: AEO:0000054 ! anatomical group
xref: TGMA:0001846 ! anatomical group
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
xref: AAO:0010008 ! anatomical group
xref: VHOG:0001724 ! anatomical group

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000481
name: multi-tissue structure
def: "Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types." [CARO:0000055, CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000055
xref: CARO:0000055 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: FBbt:00007010 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: HAO:0000055 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: TAO:0001488 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: XAO:0003037 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: ZFA:0001488 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: EHDAA2:0003055 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: AEO:0000055 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: TGMA:0001847 ! multi-tissue structure
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
xref: AAO:0010048 ! multi-tissue structure
xref: VHOG:0001762 ! multi-tissue structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000482
name: basal lamina
def: "Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue." [CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Basal_lamina]
comment: TODO - use GO.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "basal lamina of connective tissue" EXACT []
xref: BILA:0000065
xref: CARO:0000065 ! basal lamina
xref: FMA:62918 ! Basal lamina
xref: HAO:0000065 ! basal lamina
xref: TAO:0001485 ! basal lamina
xref: WBbt:0005756 ! basal lamina
xref: XAO:0003163 ! basal lamina
xref: ZFA:0001485 ! basal lamina
xref: ncithesaurus:Basal_Lamina ! Basal Lamina
xref: GO:0005605 ! basal lamina
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1397492660 ! Basal Lamina
xref: EHDAA2:0003065 ! basal lamina
xref: AEO:0000065 ! basal lamina
xref: TGMA:0001850 ! basal lamina
xref: MESH:A10.272.220 ! basement membrane
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
xref: AAO:0010269 ! basal lamina
synonym: "lamina basalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Basal_lamina]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Basal_lamina.jpg
xref: VHOG:0001592 ! basal lamina
synonym: "basal laminae" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0001592]
property_value: homology_notes "A basal lamina is certainly present in Bilateria and was evaluated as an autapomorphy of this taxon.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001592", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.57", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0085872

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011586
name: obsolete proteinaceous extracellular matrix
comment: obsoleted as it was already present in GO
is_obsolete: true
!consider: VSAO:0000021 ! proteinaceous extracellular matrix
consider: GO:0005578 ! proteinaceous extracellular matrix

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008883
name: osteoid
def: "Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue" [Wikipedia:Osteoid, VSAO:0000046]
comment: AO notes: Note that in VSAO this was classified both as tissue and acellular extracellular matrix. Consider also the AEO class 'bone condensation'. is_a intercellular matrix in FMA.
synonym: "pre-bone" EXACT [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "prebone" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "prebone tissue" EXACT  [FMA:66830]
is_a: UBERON:0002481 {source="VSAO"} ! bone tissue
relationship: composed_primarily_of GO:0005578 ! proteinaceous extracellular matrix
xref: FMA:66830 ! osteoid
xref: XAO:0004035 ! osteoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Osteoid ! Osteoid
xref: SCTID:39365008 ! Osteoid tissue
xref: VSAO:0000046 ! osteoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Active_osteoblasts.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000046", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass proteinaceous extracellular matrix (VSAO:0000021)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000046", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
xref: galen:Osteoid ! osteoid
xref: UMLS:C0682561

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000483
name: epithelium
def: "Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]." [CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Epithelium]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "epithelial tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of epithelium" EXACT [FMA:9639]
xref: AAO:0000144 ! epithelium
xref: BILA:0000066
xref: BTO:0000416
xref: CARO:0000066 ! epithelium
xref: FBbt:00007005 ! epithelium
xref: FMA:9639 ! Portion of epithelium
xref: GAID:402 ! epithelium
xref: HAO:0000066 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000387 ! epithelium
xref: TAO:0001486 ! epithelium
xref: XAO:0003045 ! epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001486 ! epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Epithelium ! Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0003066 ! epithelium
xref: AEO:0000066 ! epithelium
xref: MESH:A10.272 ! epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000066 ! epithelial cell
union_of: UBERON:0000486 ! multilaminar epithelium
union_of: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: has_part GO:0005911 ! cell-cell junction
xref: AAO:0010055 ! epithelium
xref: SCTID:31610004 ! Epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Tkanka_nablonkowa.png
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010055", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.[CARO]" xsd:string {ontology="CARO", external_class="CARO:0000066", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="CARO:MAH", source="FMA:9639"}
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001486", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000387", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.59", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epithelial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014609

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010077 ! cuboidal epithelium
name: cuboidal epithelium
def: "An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells." [Wikipedia:Cuboidal_epithelium]
comment: AO notes: in NCIT this is glandular. Editor notes: TODO - coordinate with CL, add cuboidal cell
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Cuboidal_Epithelium ! Cuboidal Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0682577

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000484
name: simple cuboidal epithelium
def: "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells." [CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Simple_cuboidal_epithelium]
comment: Editor notes: needs to be synchronized with CL - there is no distinct cuboidal cell in CL
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "epithelium simplex cuboideum" EXACT []
xref: BILA:0000067
xref: CARO:0000067 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: FMA:45566 ! Simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: HAO:0000067 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: TAO:0001497 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001497 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Simple_Cuboidal_Epithelium ! Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0003067 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: AEO:0000067 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gray1133.png/200px-Gray1133.png
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0010077 ! cuboidal epithelium
xref: AAO:0010064 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: XAO:0004009 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Gray1133.png
xref: UMLS:C0836134

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012274 ! columnar epithelium
name: columnar epithelium
def: "An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]" [Wikipedia:Columnar_epithelium]
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: has_part CL:0000075 ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000485
name: simple columnar epithelium
def: "Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]" [CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Simple_columnar_epithelium, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "epithelium simplex columnare" EXACT []
synonym: "simple columnar epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "columnar epithlium" BROAD [AEO:0000068]
synonym: "columnar epithelium" BROAD [EHDAA2:0003068]
xref: CARO:0000068 ! simple columnar epithlium
xref: FMA:45567 ! Simple columnar epithelium
xref: HAO:0000068 ! simple columnar epithelium
xref: TAO:0001496 ! simple columnar epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001496 ! simple columnar epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Simple_Columnar_Epithelium ! Simple Columnar Epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray1059.png/200px-Gray1059.png
xref: FBbt:00007027 ! cuboidal/columnar epithelium
xref: HAO:0000068 ! simple columnar epithelium
xref: BILA:0000068 ! simple columnar epithlium
xref: AEO:0000068 ! columnar epithlium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0012274 ! columnar epithelium
xref: AAO:0010063 ! simple columnar epithelium
xref: XAO:0004008 ! simple columnar epithelium
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 ! columnar epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray1059.png
property_value: external_definition "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010063", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.[CARO]" xsd:string {ontology="CARO", external_class="CARO:0000068", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="CARO:MAH", source="FMA:45567"}
xref: SCTID:32210007 ! Columnar epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001496", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0836135

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000486
name: multilaminar epithelium
def: "Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]" [CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Stratified_epithelium, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "stratified epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "laminated epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0002074]
xref: BILA:0000069
xref: CARO:0000069 ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: FMA:45562 ! Multilaminar epithelium
xref: HAO:0000069 ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: TAO:0001494 ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001494 ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratified_Epithelium ! Stratified Epithelium
xref: BTO:0002074 ! stratified epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0003069 ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: AEO:0000069 ! multilaminar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
!disjoint_from: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: AAO:0010059 ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: SCTID:309044005 ! Multilaminar epithelium
xref: XAO:0004006 ! multilaminar epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010059", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO]" xsd:string {ontology="CARO", external_class="CARO:0000069", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="CARO:MAH", source="FMA:45562"}
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001494", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0682575

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000487
name: simple squamous epithelium
def: "Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]" [CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Simple_squamous_epithelium, FMA:45565]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "epithelium simplex squamosum" EXACT []
xref: BILA:0000070
xref: CARO:0000070 ! simple squamous epithelium
xref: FMA:45565 ! Simple squamous epithelium
xref: HAO:0000070 ! simple squamous epithelium
xref: TAO:0001498 ! simple squamous epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001498 ! simple squamous epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Simple_Squamous_Epithelium ! Simple Squamous Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0003070 ! simple squamous epithelium
xref: AEO:0000070 ! simple squamous epithelium
xref: BTO:0002073 ! pavement epithelium (also: UBERON:0000490 'unilaminar epithelium')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell
xref: AAO:0010066 ! simple squamous epithelium
xref: XAO:0004010 ! simple squamous epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010066", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO]" xsd:string {ontology="CARO", external_class="CARO:0000070", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="CARO:MAH", source="FMA:45565"}
property_value: external_definition "Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001498", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0836133

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006914 ! squamous epithelium
name: squamous epithelium
def: "an epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells." [Wikipedia:Squamous_epithelium]
comment: consider FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium
xref: BTO:0002072 ! squamous epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Squamous_Epithelium ! Squamous Epithelium
xref: SCTID:40118003 ! Squamous epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0221909

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006915 ! stratified squamous epithelium
name: stratified squamous epithelium
def: "Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.[FMA]" [FMA:45563, Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium]
synonym: "epithelium stratificatum squamosum" EXACT [FMA:45563]
xref: FMA:45563 ! stratified squamous epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000486 ! multilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratified_Squamous_Epithelium ! Stratified Squamous Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0836131

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010304
name: non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
def: "Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus." [FMA:45569, Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Nonkeratinized]
synonym: "epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum" EXACT  [FMA:45569]
synonym: "nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium" EXACT [FMA:45569]
is_a: UBERON:0006915 {source="FMA"} ! stratified squamous epithelium
xref: FMA:45569 ! nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012329
name: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
def: "Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesize and accumulate keratin." [FMA:45568, Wikipedia:Stratified_squamous_epithelium#Keratinized]
synonym: "epithelium stratificatum squamosum cornificatum" EXACT LATIN  [FMA:45568]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006915  ! stratified squamous epithelium
intersection_of: has_part GO:0045095 ! keratin filament
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010304 ! nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
xref: FMA:45568 ! keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000488
name: atypical epithelium
def: "Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers." [CARO:MAH]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "heterogenous epithelium" EXACT []
xref: BILA:0000071
xref: CARO:0000071 ! atypical epithelium
xref: FMA:61741 ! Atypical epithelium
xref: HAO:0000071 ! atypical epithelium
xref: TAO:0001493 ! atypical epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001493 ! atypical epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0003071 ! atypical epithelium
xref: AEO:0000071 ! atypical epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
xref: AAO:0010057 ! atypical epithelium
xref: XAO:0004004 ! atypical epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one or more layers.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001493", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007601
name: ciliated epithelium
def: "Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ciliated+epithelium]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000067 ! ciliated epithelial cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007602
name: stratified columnar epithelium
def: "Stratified columnar epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. Stratified columnar epithelia are found in the ocular conjunctiva of the eye, in parts of the pharynx and anus, the female's uterus, the male urethra and vas deferens. Also found in intralobular ducts in salivary glands.[WP]" [Wikipedia:Stratified_columnar_epithelia]
synonym: "epithelium stratificatum columnare" EXACT  [FMA:45564]
xref: FMA:45564 ! stratified columnar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000486 {source="FMA"} ! multilaminar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0012274 ! columnar epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratified_Columnar_Epithelium ! Stratified Columnar Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0836132

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007603
name: stratified cuboidal epithelium
def: "Stratified cuboidal epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of cuboidally shaped cells arranged in multiple layers. They protect areas such as ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands." [Wikipedia:Stratified_cuboidal_epithelium]
synonym: "epithelium stratificatum cuboideum" EXACT  [FMA:63912]
xref: FMA:63912 ! stratified cuboidal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000486 {source="FMA"} ! multilaminar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0010077 ! cuboidal epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratified_Cuboidal_Epithelium ! Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Gray940.png
xref: UMLS:C0932055

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007592 ! ciliated columnar epithelium
name: ciliated columnar epithelium
def: "Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]" [FMA:64798]
xref: FMA:64798 ! ciliated columnar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 {source="FMA"} ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000067 ! ciliated epithelial cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007606
name: ciliated stratified columnar epithelium
xref: FMA:67521 ! ciliated stratified columnar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0007602 {source="FMA"} ! stratified columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0007602 ! stratified columnar epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000067 ! ciliated epithelial cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006934 ! sensory epithelium
name: sensory epithelium
def: "Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli, as the sensory cells of the cochlea, vestibule, nasal mucosa, and tongue." [BTO:0000314]
comment: note that the definition sourced from Dorlands say 'simple columnar', but FMA says atypical
synonym: "neuroepithelium" RELATED INCONSISTENT [BTO:0000314]
xref: FMA:62410 ! sensory epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000488 ! atypical epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000098 ! sensory epithelial cell
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004022 ! embryonic neuroepithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: SCTID:309045006 ! Sensory epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000489
name: cavitated compound organ
def: "Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000072
xref: CARO:0000072 ! cavitated compound organ
xref: HAO:0000072 ! cavitated compound organ
xref: TAO:0001490 ! cavitated compound organ
xref: XAO:0003165 ! cavitated compound organ
xref: ZFA:0001490 ! cavitated compound organ
xref: EHDAA2:0003072 ! cavitated compound organ
xref: AEO:0000072 ! cavitated compound organ
xref: TGMA:0001857 ! cavitated compound organ
xref: FMA:55671 ! cavitated organ
synonym: "cavitated organ" EXACT [FMA:55671]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003103 ! compound organ
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
xref: AAO:0010016 ! cavitated compound organ
subset: organ_slim
xref: VHOG:0001730 ! cavitated compound organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000490
name: unilaminar epithelium
def: "Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]" [CARO:MAH, FMA:45561]
comment: AO/editor notes: consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "simple epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:45561]
xref: BILA:0000073
xref: CARO:0000073 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: FMA:45561 ! Unilaminar epithelium
xref: HAO:0000073 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: TAO:0001495 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001495 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Simple_Epithelium ! Simple Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0003073 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: AEO:0000073 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: BTO:0002073 ! pavement epithelium (also: UBERON:0000487 'simple squamous epithelium')
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
!disjoint_from: UBERON:0000486 ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: AAO:0010062 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: SCTID:309043004 ! Unilaminar epithelium
xref: XAO:0004007 ! unilaminar epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010062", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO]" xsd:string {ontology="CARO", external_class="CARO:0000073", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="CARO:MAH", source="FMA:45561"}
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001495", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0682574

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000491
name: solid compound organ
def: "Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000074
xref: CARO:0000074 ! solid compound organ
xref: HAO:0000074 ! solid compound organ
xref: TAO:0001491 ! solid compound organ
xref: XAO:0003164 ! solid compound organ
xref: ZFA:0001491 ! solid compound organ
xref: EHDAA2:0003074 ! solid compound organ
xref: AEO:0000074 ! solid compound organ
xref: TGMA:0001859 ! solid compound organ
is_a: UBERON:0003103 ! compound organ
xref: AAO:0010019 ! solid compound organ
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
name: stroma
def: "Connective, non-functional supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. Contrast with parenchyma." [Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary_%28animal_tissue%29]
xref: FMA:81494 ! Stroma
xref: ncithesaurus:Stroma_Connective_Tissue ! Stroma
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
subset: grouping_class
property_value: has_relational_adjective "stromal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0927195

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005169
name: interstitial tissue
def: "connective tissue between the cellular elements of a structure." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tissue]
comment: Editors note: specify differentia from stroma
synonym: "interstitium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86301 ! Interstitium
is_a: UBERON:0003891 {source="FMA"} ! stroma
xref: SCTID:85293002 ! Interstitial tissue
property_value: has_relational_adjective "interstital" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002473
name: intercerebral commissure
def: "Class of unpaired telencephalic white matter structures consisting of fiber pathways which project across the midsagittal plane and which serve to interconnect telencephalic structures lying within the contralateral cerebral hemisphere[FMA]." [FMA:67930]
synonym: "interhemispheric commissure" RELATED [MA:0002721]
synonym: "brain commissure" NARROW []
xref: FMA:67930 ! Intercerebral commissure
xref: MA:0002721 ! intercerebral commissure
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002437 ! cerebral white matter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005341 ! ventral commissure
name: ventral commissure
def: "the fiber tracts that connect the ventral region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the anterior and the habenular commissures[MP]." [MP:0008220]
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000935
name: anterior commissure
def: "bundle of nerve fibers (white matter), connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. The great majority of fibers connecting the two hemispheres travel through the corpus callosum, which is over 10 times larger than the anterior commissure, and other routes of communication pass through the hippocampal commissure or, indirectly, via subcortical connections. Nevertheless, the anterior commissure is a significant pathway that can be clearly distinguished in the brains of all mammals." [Wikipedia:Anterior_commissure]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "commissura anterior" RELATED []
synonym: "commissura rostral" RELATED []
synonym: "commissura rostralis" EXACT []
synonym: "precommisure" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_commisure]
synonym: "rostral commissure" RELATED []
xref: FMA:61961 ! Anterior commissure
xref: MA:0002722 ! anterior commissure
xref: TAO:0001108 ! anterior commissure
xref: ZFA:0001108 ! anterior commissure
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Commissure ! Anterior Commissure
xref: BTO:0002169 ! anterior commissure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gray744.png/200px-Gray744.png
xref: EMAPA:19038 ! anterior commissure
xref: BM:Tel-AC ! anterior commissure
is_a: UBERON:0002473 {source="MA", source="FMA"} ! intercerebral commissure
xref: SCTID:369119009 ! Entire anterior commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:Class_4 ! Anterior commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1557 ! Anterior commissure
synonym: "commissura anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_commissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Gray744.png
xref: VHOG:0001558 ! anterior commissure
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates the thin structure that connects the two halves of the telencephalon shows a ridge-like thickening at the basal side known as the anterior commissure.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001558", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb20432.x", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0152335

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001909
name: habenular commissure
def: "The habenular commissure, is a brain commissure (a band of nerve fibers) situated in front of the pineal gland that connects the habenular nucleus on one side of the diencephalon with that on the other side. The habernular commissure is part of the trigonum habenulæ (a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the tænia thalami). The trigonum habenulæ also contains groups of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenulæ. Fibers enter the trigonum habenulæ from the stalk of the pineal gland, and the habenular commissure. Most of the trigonum habenulæ's fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert, which passes medial to the red nucleus, and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular ganglion. Nerve cell fibers enter the trigonum habenulæ from the stalk of the pineal body, and the habernular commissure. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Habenular_commissure]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "commissura habenularum" EXACT [ZFA:0000359]
synonym: "commissure habenularum" EXACT [MP:0008231]
xref: FMA:62048 ! Habenular commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1609 ! Habenular commissure
xref: TAO:0000359 ! habenular commissure
xref: ZFA:0000359 ! habenular commissure
xref: BM:Die-Epi-HC ! habenular commissure
is_a: UBERON:0005341 ! ventral commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001904 ! habenula
xref: SCTID:279335009 ! Entire habenular commissure
synonym: "commissura habenularum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Habenular_commissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000936
name: posterior commissure
def: "Rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex. Its fibers acquire their medullary sheaths early, but their connections have not been definitely determined. Most of them have their origin in a nucleus, the nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch), which lies in the central gray substance of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct, in front of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. Some are probably derived from the posterior part of the thalamus and from the superior colliculus, whereas others are believed to be continued downward into the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The posterior commissure interconnects the pretectal nuclei, mediating the consensual pupillary light reflex[WP].Diencephalic tract which is located in the vicinity of the dorsal diencephalon and mesencephalon and connects the pretectal nuclei. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Posterior_commissure, ZFA:0000320]
comment: AO notes: part_of brainstem in MA; midbrain tectum in NIF
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "caudal commissure" EXACT [FMA:62072, ZFA:0000320]
synonym: "epithalamic commissure" EXACT [FMA:62072]
xref: FMA:62072 ! Posterior commissure
xref: MA:0002743 ! posterior commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1026 ! Posterior commissure
xref: TAO:0000320 ! caudal commissure
xref: ZFA:0000320 ! caudal commissure
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Commissure ! Posterior Commissure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray715.png/200px-Gray715.png
xref: BM:MB-Tec-PC ! posterior commissure
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 {source="FMA"} ! diencephalon
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
synonym: "commissura posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_commissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png
xref: UMLS:C0152327

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005340 ! dorsal telencephalic commissure
name: dorsal telencephalic commissure
def: "the fiber tracts that connect the dorsal region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure[MP]." [MP:0008219]
synonym: "dorsal commissure" EXACT [MP:0008219]
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000908
name: hippocampal commissure
alt_id: UBERON:Commissure-MA_0002723
def: "The lateral portions of the body of the fornix are joined by a thin triangular lamina, named the psalterium (lyra). This lamina contains some transverse fibers that connect the two hippocampi across the middle line and constitute the commissure of fornix (hippocampal commissure)." [Wikipedia:Commissure_of_fornix]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "commissure of fornix" RELATED [Wikipedia:Commissure_of_fornix]
synonym: "commissure of fornix of forebrain" EXACT [FMA:61970]
synonym: "dorsal hippocampal commissure" EXACT [FMA:61970]
synonym: "fornical commissure" EXACT [FMA:61970]
synonym: "fornix commissure" EXACT [FMA:61970]
synonym: "hippocampus commissure" EXACT [MP:0008221]
synonym: "delta fornicis" EXACT [MP:0008221]
xref: MA:0002723 ! hippocampal commissure
xref: FMA:61970 ! Commissure of fornix of forebrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_746 ! Commissure of fornix
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray747.png/200px-Gray747.png
is_a: UBERON:0005340 ! dorsal telencephalic commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002437 ! cerebral white matter
synonym: "commissura hippocampi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61970]
xref: SCTID:369115003 ! Entire hippocampal commissure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Gray747.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002336
name: corpus callosum
def: "The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres[GO]." [Wikipedia:Corpus_callosum]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000615
xref: FMA:86464 ! Corpus callosum
xref: GAID:683 ! corpus callosum
xref: MA:0000188 ! corpus callosum
xref: MAT:0000286 ! corpus callosum
xref: MIAA:0000286 ! corpus callosum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1087 ! Corpus callosum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbNzdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Corpus_Callosum ! Corpus Callosum
xref: EFO:0001390 ! corpus callosum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbNzdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! corpus callosum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gray733.png/200px-Gray733.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.362 ! corpus callosum
xref: EV:0100305 ! corpus callosum
xref: BM:Tel-CC ! corpus callosum
is_a: UBERON:0002473 {source="MA", source="FMA"} ! intercerebral commissure
is_a: UBERON:0005340 ! dorsal telencephalic commissure
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9255 ! Monotremata
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9347 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Eutheria
xref: SCTID:362354006 ! Entire corpus callosum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Gray733.png
xref: VHOG:0001608 ! corpus callosum
property_value: external_definition "The largest commissure of the brain connecting the cerebral hemispheres. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001608", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/corpus+callosum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In addition to the anterior commissure, placental mammals have a phylogenetically new forebrain commissure, the corpus callosum, which primarily interconnects the neocortex of the cerebral hemispheres.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001608", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb20447.x Ebner FF\, A comparison of primitive forebrain organization in metatherian and eutherian mammals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1969)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: taxon_notes "The corpus callosum is found only in placental mammals. other groups do have other brain structures that allow for communication between the two hemispheres, such as the anterior commissure, which serves as the primary mode of interhemispheric communication in marsupials." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum#Species_Differences"}
xref: UMLS:C0010090

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012112
name: ingested food
comment: AO notes: FMA def restricts this to 'oral cavity, pharynx or esophagus', but child terms includes chyme - which is in the stomach
is_a: UBERON:0000463 {source="FMA"} ! portion of organism substance
xref: FMA:62964 ! ingested food
property_value: external_definition "Body substance, which consists of food admixed with saliva contained in the oral cavity, pharynx or esophagus[FMA]." xsd:string {ontology="FMA", external_class="FMA:62964"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000910
name: chyme
def: "Chyme is a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes." [Wikipedia:Chyme]
synonym: "chymus" EXACT [ENVO:02000026]
xref: ENVO:02000026
xref: FMA:62961 ! Chyme
is_a: UBERON:0012112 {source="FMA"} ! ingested food

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012113
name: bolus of food
def: "Ingested food contained in the esophagus." [FMA:78441, Wikipedia:Bolus_(digestion)]
synonym: "bolus" BROAD  []
synonym: "food bolus" EXACT  [FMA:78441]
synonym: "bolus of ingested food" EXACT [FMA:78441]
is_a: UBERON:0012112 {source="FMA"} ! ingested food
xref: FMA:78441 ! bolus of ingested food

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012114
name: cud
def: "a bolus of semi-degraded food regurgitated from the reticulorumen of a ruminant, produced during the physical digestive process of rumination" [Wikipedia:Cud]
synonym: "bolus of cud" RELATED  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012113 ! bolus of ingested food
intersection_of: output_of GO:0036147 ! rumination
xref: SCTID:110606000 ! Cud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000911
name: chyle
def: "Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats." [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=chyle, Wikipedia:Chyle]
xref: ENVO:02000030
xref: FMA:61403 ! Chyle
xref: GAID:1187 ! chyle
xref: MESH:A12.207.630.350 ! chyle
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002391 ! lymph
xref: ncithesaurus:Chyle ! chyle
xref: UMLS:C0008730

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000912 ! mucus
name: mucus
def: "Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water." [Wikipedia:Mucus]
xref: ENVO:02000040
xref: FMA:66938 ! Mucus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Mucus ! Mucus
xref: GAID:1164 ! mucus
xref: galen:Mucus ! mucus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! mucus
xref: MESH:A12.200.503 ! mucus
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: secreted_by UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mucoid" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mucous" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0026727

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000913
name: interstitial fluid
def: "Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid." [FMA:9673, Wikipedia:Interstitial_fluid]
synonym: "intercellular fluid" EXACT [ENVO:02000042]
synonym: "tissue fluid" EXACT [ENVO:02000042]
xref: ENVO:02000042
xref: FMA:9673 ! Tissue fluid
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001443
name: chest
def: "Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Chest, FMA:9576]
comment: editor note - FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior thoracic region" EXACT []
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT []
synonym: "front of thorax" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral part of thoracic region" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior chest" EXACT [FMA:24816]
synonym: "front of chest" EXACT [FMA:24816]
synonym: "thorax" RELATED [FMA:9576]
xref: galen:Chest
xref: MA:0000031 ! chest
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVikFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: FMA:9576 ! thorax
xref: ncithesaurus:Chest ! Chest
xref: EFO:0000965 ! thorax
xref: MAT:0000295 ! thorax
xref: MIAA:0000295 ! thorax
xref: ncithesaurus:Thorax ! Thorax
xref: EFO:0000965 ! thorax
xref: galen:Thorax ! thorax
xref: MESH:A01.911 ! thorax
xref: GAID:91 ! thorax
xref: EV:0100010 ! thorax
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chest.jpg/200px-Chest.jpg
xref: BTO:0001368 ! thorax
is_a: UBERON:0009569 {source="FMA-modified"} ! subdivision of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 {source="FMA", source="MA"} ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
synonym: "pectus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24816]
synonym: "thorax" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Chest]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Chest.jpg
synonym: "thoracic body wall" RELATED [MA:0000031]
xref: UMLS:C1527391
xref: UMLS:C0817096

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005482
name: obsolete region of thorax
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "thoracic region" EXACT [FMA:20358]
synonym: "thoracic subdivision" EXACT [FMA:20358]
synonym: "subdivision of thorax" EXACT [FMA:20358]
consider: FMA:20358 ! Subdivision of thorax
consider: SCTID:425803006 ! Region of thorax

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000915
name: thoracic segment of trunk
def: "Organismal subdivision of body that lies between the head and the abdomen [Wikipedia]." [Wikipedia:Thorax]
comment: Usage notes: note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "upper body" RELATED []
synonym: "thorax" RELATED [MA:0000022]
xref: FMA:259209 ! thoracic segment of trunk
xref: MA:0000022 ! thoracic segment of trunk
is_a: UBERON:0009569 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of trunk
is_a: UBERON:0011676 ! axial subdivision of organism
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
xref: SCTID:302551006 ! Entire thorax

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
name: abdominal segment of trunk
def: "the abdominal segment of the torso." [Wikipedia:Lumbar]
synonym: "abdomen/pelvis/perineum" RELATED [MA:0000021]
synonym: "lower body" RELATED [MA:0000021]
synonym: "lumbar region" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:259211 ! Abdominal segment of trunk
xref: MA:0000021 ! abdominal segment of trunk
is_a: UBERON:0009569 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of trunk
is_a: UBERON:0011676 ! axial subdivision of organism
xref: SCTID:362875007 ! Entire lower body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000916
name: abdomen
def: "In vertebrates such as mammals the abdomen (belly) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity." [Wikipedia:Abdomen]
comment: Taxon notes: Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "celiac region" RELATED []
synonym: "adult abdomen" RELATED []
synonym: "belly" RELATED []
synonym: "abdominopelvic region" EXACT [FMA:9577]
synonym: "abdominopelvis" EXACT [FMA:9577]
xref: BTO:0000020
xref: FMA:9577 ! Abdomen
xref: GAID:16 ! abdomen
xref: galen:Abdomen
xref: MA:0000029 ! abdomen
xref: MAT:0000298 ! abdomen
xref: MIAA:0000298 ! abdomen
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! abdomen
xref: MESH:A01.047 ! abdomen
xref: EV:0100011 ! abdomen
xref: EFO:0000968 ! abdomen
is_a: UBERON:0009569 ! subdivision of trunk
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002417 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment of trunk
xref: SCTID:302553009 ! Entire abdomen
property_value: has_relational_adjective "abdominal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005462
name: lower back
def: "Subdivision of abdominal segment of trunk which in humans is demarcated from the front of the abdomen by the posterior surface of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebral column; together with the front of the abdomen, it constitutes the abdomen[Modified from FMA]." [FMA:61681]
comment: overlaps with region sometimes called 'loin'
synonym: "abdominal back" EXACT [FMA:61681]
synonym: "dorsum of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:61681]
synonym: "lumbar part of back" EXACT [FMA:61681]
synonym: "lumbar region of back" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lumbar region" BROAD [FMA:61681]
synonym: "posterior part of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:61681]
synonym: "back of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:61681]
synonym: "lower back" EXACT [MA:0000027]
synonym: "loin" RELATED [Wikipedia:Loin, BTO:0001505]
xref: BTO:0001505 ! loin
xref: FMA:61681 ! Back of abdomen
xref: MA:0000027 ! lower back
is_a: UBERON:0009569 ! subdivision of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002417 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum
synonym: "regio lumbalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61681]
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Region ! Lumbar Region
xref: SCTID:182343007 ! Entire lumbar region
xref: UMLS:C0024090

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000917
name: obsolete abdominal segment
synonym: "segment of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
consider: FBbt:00000021 ! abdominal segment
consider: HAO:0000016 ! abdominal segment
consider: SPD:0000055 ! abdominal segment
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000918
name: obsolete yolk
def: "The nutritive substance contained in the egg." [FB:gg]
synonym: "vegetal yolk mass" BROAD []
synonym: "yolk cell" RELATED []
consider: FBbt:00000035 ! yolk
xref: MAT:0000335 ! yolk
xref: MIAA:0000335 ! yolk
consider: XAO:0000281 ! vegetal yolk mass
consider: ZFA:0000084 ! yolk
consider: GO:0060417 ! yolk
consider: BTO:0000371 ! egg yolk
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0007378 ! egg yolk
consider: GO:0060417 ! yolk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000919
name: obsolete lipid droplet
consider: FBbt:00000037 ! lipid droplet
consider: FMA:62962 ! Lipid droplet
consider: GO:0005811 ! lipid particle
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: GO:0005811 ! lipid particle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000920 ! egg chorion
name: egg chorion
def: "A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish [GO]." [GO:0042600, Wikipedia:Chorion_(egg)]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: dubious_grouping
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "chorion (egg)" EXACT []
synonym: "chorion" RELATED []
xref: FBbt:00000038 ! chorion
xref: TAO:0000329 ! chorion
xref: ZFA:0000329 ! chorion
xref: TGMA:0000681 ! chorion
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003124 ! chorion
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0003125 ! vitelline membrane
property_value: external_definition "The egg shell. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000329", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000921
name: obsolete pronucleus
def: "." [Wikipedia:Pronucleus]
consider: FBbt:00000048 ! pronucleus
consider: FMA:84673 ! Pronucleus
consider: GO:0045120 ! pronucleus
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: GO:0045120 ! pronucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010316 ! germ layer / neural crest
name: germ layer / neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="GO", source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002532 ! epiblast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000923
name: germ layer
def: "A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm." [Wikipedia:Germ_layer]
comment: Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[UBERONREF:0000002]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "embryonic germ layer" RELATED []
synonym: "embryonic germ layers" RELATED []
synonym: "embryonic tissue" BROAD [FMA:69069]
synonym: "germinal layer" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer]
synonym: "primary germ layer" NARROW [GO:0001704, ZFA:0001122]
xref: AAO:0000480 ! primary_germ_layer
xref: BILA:0000035
xref: BTO:0000556
xref: FBbt:00000110 ! germ layer
xref: FMA:69069 ! Embryonic tissue
xref: GAID:1303 ! germ layer
xref: VHOG:0001223 ! primary germ layer
xref: TAO:0001122 ! primary germ layer
xref: XAO:0003011 ! primary germ layer
xref: ZFA:0001122 ! primary germ layer
xref: ncithesaurus:Germinal_Layer
xref: ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Tissue ! Embryonic Tissue
xref: MESH:A16.254.425 ! germ layer
is_a: UBERON:0010316 ! germ layer / neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002532 ! epiblast
property_value: homology_notes "The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001223", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution\, p.722", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0920502
xref: UMLS:C1708239

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000924
name: ectoderm
def: "Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue." [Wikipedia:Ectoderm]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "embryonic ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000153]
xref: AAO:0000137 ! ectoderm
xref: BILA:0000036
xref: BTO:0000315
xref: EFO:0000414 ! ectoderm
xref: FBbt:00000111 ! ectoderm
xref: FMA:69070 ! Ectoderm
xref: GAID:1304 ! ectoderm
xref: MAT:0000155 ! ectoderm
xref: MAT:0000173 ! ectoderm
xref: MIAA:0000173 ! ectoderm
xref: TAO:0000016 ! ectoderm
xref: XAO:0000001 ! ectoderm
xref: ZFA:0000016 ! ectoderm
xref: VHOG:0000153 ! embryonic ectoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Ectoderm ! Ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000428 ! ectoderm
xref: MESH:A16.254.425.273 ! ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16069 ! ectoderm of embryo
xref: EV:0100003 ! ectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000923 ! germ layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000221 ! ectodermal cell
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006601 {source="cjm"} ! presumptive ectoderm
xref: SCTID:362851007 ! Entire ectoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray32.png
property_value: external_definition "Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000137", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000153", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution\, p.722", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ectodermal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0013574

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000925
name: endoderm
def: "Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut." [Wikipedia:Endoderm]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "entoderm" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000139 ! endoderm
xref: BILA:0000038
xref: BTO:0000800
xref: FBbt:00000125 ! endoderm
xref: FMA:69071 ! Endoderm
xref: GAID:1305 ! endoderm
xref: MAT:0000175 ! endoderm
xref: MIAA:0000175 ! endoderm
xref: TAO:0000017 ! endoderm
xref: XAO:0000090 ! endoderm
xref: ZFA:0000017 ! endoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Endoderm ! Endoderm
xref: EFO:0002545 ! endoderm
xref: VHOG:0000154 ! embryonic endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000436 ! endoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray10.png/200px-Gray10.png
xref: MESH:A16.254.425.407 ! endoderm
xref: EV:0100005 ! endoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000923 ! germ layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000223 ! endodermal cell
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006595 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive endoderm
xref: SCTID:362855003 ! Entire endoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Endoderm2.png
property_value: homology_notes "The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000154", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution\, p.722", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "endodermal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014144

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000926
name: mesoderm
alt_id: UBERON:0003263
def: "The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm." [Wikipedia:Mesoderm]
comment: Taxon notes: sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates[UBERONREF:0000002]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "entire mesoderm" RELATED [UBERON:cjm, SCTID:362854004]
synonym: "mesodermal mantle" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000304 ! mesoderm
xref: BILA:0000037
xref: BTO:0000839
xref: EMAPA:16083  ! mesoderm
xref: EHDAA:124 ! mesoderm
xref: EHDAA:160 ! mesoderm
xref: EHDAA:168 ! mesoderm (also: UBERON:0003264 'mesoderm of yolk sac')
xref: EHDAA:183 ! mesoderm
xref: FBbt:00000126 ! mesoderm
xref: FMA:69072 ! Mesoderm
xref: GAID:522 ! mesoderm
xref: MAT:0000174 ! mesoderm
xref: MIAA:0000174 ! mesoderm
xref: TAO:0000041 ! mesoderm
xref: XAO:0000050 ! mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0000041 ! mesoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesoderm ! Mesoderm
xref: EFO:0001981 ! mesoderm
xref: VHOG:0000152 ! embryonic mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001128 ! mesoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mesoderm.png/200px-Mesoderm.png
xref: MESH:A16.254.425.660 ! mesoderm
xref: EV:0100006 ! mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000923 {notes="sometimes not considered primary"} ! germ layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000222 ! mesodermal cell
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6040 ! Porifera
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006603 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive mesoderm
xref: SCTID:362854004 ! Entire mesoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Mesoderm.png
property_value: external_definition "Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000304", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
synonym: "embryonic mesoderm" RELATED [VHOG:0000152]
property_value: homology_notes "The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000152", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) Limb development and evolution\, p.722", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mesodermal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0025485

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002342
name: neural crest
def: "The neural crest, a transient component of the ectoderm, is located in between the neural tube and the epidermis (or the free margins of the neural folds) of an embryo during neural tube formation. Neural crest cells quickly migrate during or shortly after neurulation, an embryological event marked by neural tube closure." [Wikipedia:Neural_crest]
comment: Editor note: consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). Taxon notes: A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831]. Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:86666 ! Neural crest
xref: GAID:1310 ! neural crest
xref: VHOG:0000057 ! neural crest
xref: MAT:0000066 ! neural crest - early
xref: MIAA:0000066 ! neural crest - early
xref: TAO:0000045 ! neural crest (also: UBERON:0010170 'region of neural crest')
xref: XAO:0000048 ! neural crest
xref: ZFA:0000045 ! neural crest (also: UBERON:0010170 'region of neural crest')
xref: ncithesaurus:Neural_Crest ! Neural Crest
xref: BTO:0001764 ! neural crest
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray644.png/200px-Gray644.png
xref: MESH:A16.254.600 ! neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0010316 ! germ layer / neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002346 {source="XAO", source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003075 {source="BTO"} ! neural plate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005062 {source="PMID:11523831"} ! neural fold
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="GOTAX:0000352"} ! Chordata
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! Vertebrata
relationship: existence_starts_during UBERON:0000110 {source="PMID:11523831"} ! neurula stage
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000333 {notes="pre migratory UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest cell
xref: AAO:0010578 ! neural crest
xref: SCTID:361462002 ! Neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0004419 ! neural crest
synonym: "crista neuralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neural_crest]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png
property_value: external_definition "Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010578", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from ectoderm (AAO:0000137) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010578", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000045", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "neural crest material" RELATED [VHOG:0000057]
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000057", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01495.x Hall BK\, Gillis JA\, Incremental evolution of the neural crest\, neural crest cells and neural crest-derived skeletal tissues. J Anat (2012)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0027789

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010170
name: region of neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0000480 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
xref: ZFA:0000045 ! neural crest (also: UBERON:0002342 'neural crest')
xref: TAO:0000045 ! neural crest (also: UBERON:0002342 'neural crest')
property_value: external_definition "A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000045", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000927
name: mesectoderm
def: "A double row of cells which are located at the midline from the end of gastrulations. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the mideline while the other end bissects the internalised mesoderm." [FB:FBrf0089570]
comment: Split term? The part of the mesenchyme derived from ectoderm, especially from the embryonic neural crest from which the pigment cells, meninges, and most of the branchial cartilages develop.[TFD]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "MesEc" RELATED []
xref: FBbt:00000136 ! mesectoderm
xref: MAT:0000243 ! mesectoderm
xref: MIAA:0000243 ! mesectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000923 ! germ layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mesectodermal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000928
name: embryonic segment
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "segment - embryonic" EXACT []
xref: FBbt:00000154 ! embryonic segment
xref: MAT:0000244 ! segment - embryonic
xref: MIAA:0000244 ! segment - embryonic
is_a: UBERON:0000914 ! organismal segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000929
name: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
def: "Motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pharyngeal branch of inferior vagal ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal branch" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "ramus pharyngealis nervi vagalis" EXACT []
synonym: "tenth cranial nerve pharyngeal branch" EXACT []
synonym: "vagal pharyngeal branch" EXACT []
synonym: "vagus nerve pharyngeal branch" EXACT []
xref: FMA:6234 ! Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/200px-Gray791.png
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001005 ! trachea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001759 ! vagus nerve
synonym: "ramus pharyngeus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6234]
xref: SCTID:280298006 ! Pharyngeal branch of vagus
synonym: "ramus pharyngeus nervi vagi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png
synonym: "pharyngeal branch of vagus" EXACT [FMA:6234]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000932
name: obsolete ventral longitudinal muscle
comment: originally unified on basis of terminological similarity
consider: FBbt:00000482 ! ventral longitudinal muscle
consider: WBbt:0005814 ! ventral longitudinal muscle
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000933
name: pharyngeal muscle
def: "A muscle that acts on the pharynx[WP, vetted]." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Innervation notes: They are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve (CN X) with the exception of the stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).[WP]
property_value: external_definition "A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx[GO]." xsd:string {ontology="GO", external_class="GO:0043282", date_retrieved="2012-06-30", source="GOC:go_curators", notes="does not quite work for some muscles such as stylopharyngeus"}
synonym: "branchial muscle" EXACT [ZFA:0000172]
synonym: "muscle of pharynx" EXACT []
synonym: "pharynx muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "musculus pharyngis" RELATED [BTO:0001048]
xref: BTO:0001048
xref: FMA:46619 ! Muscle of pharynx
xref: GAID:154 ! pharyngeal muscle
xref: MA:0001797 ! pharynx muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Muscle ! Pharyngeal Muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.800 ! pharyngeal muscle
xref: ZFA:0000172 ! branchial muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004467 {source="ZFA"} ! musculature of pharynx
xref: SCTID:244798004 ! Entire pharyngeal muscle
xref: TAO:0000172 ! branchial muscle
synonym: "musculi pharyngis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles]
synonym: "tunica muscularis pharyngis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray1030.png
synonym: "branchial muscles" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000172]
xref: EFO:0003504 ! branchial muscle
xref: UMLS:C0031346

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004467
name: musculature of pharynx
def: "A musculature that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: See comments for 'pharyngeal muscle'
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:264609 ! Musculature of pharynx
xref: ZFA:0001307 ! pharyngeal musculature
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
xref: TAO:0001307 ! pharyngeal musculature
synonym: "set of muscles of pharynx" RELATED [FMA:264609]
synonym: "pharyngeal musculature" EXACT [TAO:0001307]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011996 ! pharyngeal adductor
name: pharyngeal adductor
is_a: UBERON:0000933 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal muscle
xref: TAO:0000463 ! adductor
xref: ZFA:0000463 ! adductor

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010937
name: salpingopharyngeus muscle
def: "The salpingopharyngeus muscle arises from the inferior part of the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube) in the nasal cavity; it passes downward and blends with the posterior fasciculus of the palatopharyngeus muscle. The salpingopharyngeus is known to raise the pharynx and larynx during deglutition (swallowing) and laterally draws the pharyngeal walls up. In addition, it opens the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing. This allows for the equalization of pressure between the auditory canal and the pharynx. The salpingopharyngeus is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus." [Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "salpingopharyngeus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0000933 {source="FMA"} ! pharyngeal muscle
xref: FMA:46665 ! salpingopharyngeus
xref: ncithesaurus:Salpingopharyngeus ! salpingopharyngeus
synonym: "musculus salpingopharyngeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010234 {source="dbpedia", notes="fibers pass downward and blend with the palatopharyngeus muscle to the upper border thyroid cartilage blending with constrictor fibers"} ! palatopharyngeus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia", notes="fibers pass downward and blend with the palatopharyngeus muscle to the upper border thyroid cartilage blending with constrictor fibers"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="dbpedia", notes="vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve"} ! vagus nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0002019 {source="dbpedia", notes="vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve"} ! accessory XI nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007354 {source="dbpedia", notes="lower part of the cartilage of the auditory tube"} ! cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Salpingopharyngeus.png
property_value: external_definition "Salpingopharyngeus is a muscle that attaches to pharyngotympanic tube and the pharynx and is innervated by pharyngeal plexus of CN X and participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: SCTID:244807009 ! Entire salpingopharyngeus muscle
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001042 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! chordate pharynx
xref: UMLS:C1521985

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002240
name: spinal cord
def: "Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge." [OMD:spinal+cord, Wikipedia:Spinal_cord]
comment: TODO: add superclass to unify with VNC?
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "spinal cord structure" RELATED [ZFA:0000075]
synonym: "medulla spinalis" RELATED [BTO:0001279]
synonym: "spinal medulla" RELATED [BTO:0001279]
xref: BTO:0001279
xref: EFO:0000110 ! spinal cord
xref: EHDAA:2863 ! spinal cord
xref: FMA:7647 ! Spinal cord
xref: GAID:695 ! spinal cord
xref: VHOG:0000601 ! spinal cord
xref: MA:0000216 ! spinal cord
xref: MAT:0000183 ! spinal cord
xref: MIAA:0000183 ! spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1709 ! Spinal cord
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000075 ! spinal cord
xref: XAO:0000020 ! spinal cord
xref: ZFA:0000075 ! spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord ! Spinal Cord
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! spinal cord
xref: EHDAA2:0001255 ! spinal cord
xref: EMAPA:17577 ! spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17700 ! spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: MESH:A08.186.854 ! spinal cord
xref: EV:0100316 ! spinal cord
xref: BM:SpC ! spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0000489 ! cavitated compound organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003076 ! posterior neural tube
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum
relationship: has_part CL:0005000 {source="ZFA"} ! spinal cord interneuron
xref: AAO:0010151 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:180959008 ! Entire spinal cord
subset: organ_slim
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0006241 {evidence="definitional"} ! future spinal cord
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003853 {evidence="definitional"} ! spinal cord neural crest
synonym: "medulla spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spinal_cord]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Spinal_cord_direv.svg
property_value: external_definition "Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010151", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000601", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.165", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0037925

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005053 ! nerve cord
name: nerve cord
subset: dubious_grouping
xref: BILA:0000136 ! nerve cord
xref: BTO:0001656 ! nerve cord
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005054
name: dorsal nerve cord
def: "The dorsal tubular cord of nervous tissue above the notochord of a chordate that comprises or develops into the central nervous system[BTO]. The nerve cord of chordates develops dorsally in the body as a hollow tube above the notochord. In most species it differentiates in embryogeny into the brain anteriorly and spinal cord that runs through the trunk and tail. Together the brain and spinal cord are the central nervous system to which peripheral sensory and motor nerves connect[TOL]. The dorsal nerve cord is one of the embryonic features unique to chordates, along with a notochord, a post-anal tail and pharyngeal slits. The dorsal nerve cord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord. It is formed from a part of the ectoderm that rolls, forming the hollow tube, compared to other animal phyla, which have solid, ventral tubes. The dorsal nerve cord is later modified into the brain and spinal cord. Dorsal nerve cord is mainly found in phylum Vertebrata[WP]." [BTO:0002329, Wikipedia:Dorsal_nerve_cord, http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499]
xref: BTO:0002329 ! dorsal nerve cord
is_a: UBERON:0005053 ! nerve cord
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499"} ! Chordata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000934
name: ventral nerve cord
def: "The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms)[BTO]. A large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring[WB]. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms[GO]." [WB:Paper00000938, Wikipedia:Ventral_nerve_cord, GO:0007419, BTO:0002328]
comment: The ventral nerve cords make up the nervous system of some phyla of the invertebrates, particularly within the nematodes, annelids and the arthropods. It usually consists of cerebral ganglia anteriorly with the nerve cords running down the ventral ('belly', as opposed to back) plane of the organism. This characteristic is important in qualifying the difference compared to the chordates, which have a dorsal nerve cord. Ventral nerve cords from anterior to posterior (the thoracic and abdominal tagma in the arthropods) are made up of segmented ganglia that are connected by a tract of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the nerve cord called commissures. The complete system bears some likeness to a rope ladder. In some animals the bilateral ganglia are fused into a single large ganglion per segment. This characteristic is found mostly in the insects.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ventral cord" EXACT [GO:0007419]
xref: EFO:0000896 ! ventral nerve cord
xref: FBbt:00001102 ! ventral nerve cord
xref: MAT:0000339 ! ventral nerve cord
xref: MIAA:0000339 ! ventral nerve cord
xref: WBbt:0005829 ! ventral nerve cord
xref: BTO:0002328 ! ventral nerve cord
is_a: UBERON:0005053 ! nerve cord
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 ! Chordata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000937
name: obsolete proneural cluster
synonym: "proneural clusters" RELATED [ZFA:0000068]
consider: FBbt:00001135 ! proneural cluster
consider: ZFA:0000068 ! proneural cluster
is_obsolete: true
comment: obsoleted because inconsistencies arise due to ZFA term being both embryonic and extraembryonic

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000939
name: imaginal disc
def: "A tissue in the larva which gives rise to the adult external cuticle." [FB:gg, Wikipedia:Imaginal_disc]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "imaginal disk" RELATED []
xref: FBbt:00001761 ! imaginal disc
xref: MAT:0000064 ! imaginal disc
xref: MIAA:0000064 ! imaginal disc
xref: BTO:0004658 ! imaginal disc
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001908
name: optic tract
def: "Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina.  The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex.  Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF]." [Wikipedia:Optic_tract, ZFIN:curator, NIF_GrossAnatomy]
comment: editor note: relationships need checking by expert. NIF and ZFA both state part of diencepahalon; MA says part of optic nerve II. in uberon, CNS and PNS are spatially disjoint, and axon tracts are part of the CNS so we make the relationship to CNII 'continuous_with'
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "optic lemniscus" EXACT []
synonym: "visual pathway" RELATED [GAID:735]
xref: FMA:62046 ! Optic tract
xref: VHOG:0001164 ! optic tract
xref: MA:0001099 ! optic tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1684 ! Optic tract
xref: TAO:0000252 ! optic tract
xref: ZFA:0000252 ! optic tract
xref: MESH:A08.612.220.860 ! visual pathway
xref: GAID:735 ! visual pathway
xref: ncithesaurus:Optic_Tract ! Optic Tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gray773.png/200px-Gray773.png
xref: BM:Tel-OT ! optic tract
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000959 ! optic chiasma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000941 ! cranial nerve II
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002104 ! visual system
xref: SCTID:280952003 ! Entire optic tract
xref: XAO:0004101 ! optic tract
synonym: "tractus opticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Optic_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray773.png
xref: UMLS:C0152405

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000959
name: optic chiasma
def: "Nerve trunk which is continuous with right and left optic nerves and right and left optic tracts.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Optic_chiasm, ZFIN:curator, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "decussation of optic nerve fibers" EXACT []
synonym: "optic chiasm" EXACT [Wikipedia:Optic_chiasm]
synonym: "chiasma opticum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Optic_chiasm]
xref: EHDAA:10227 ! optic chiasm
xref: FMA:62045 ! Optic chiasm
xref: GAID:832 ! optic chiasm
xref: VHOG:0000190 ! optic chiasm
xref: MA:0001098 ! optic chiasm
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1416 ! Optic chiasm
xref: TAO:0000556 ! optic chiasm
xref: ZFA:0000556 ! optic chiasm
xref: EHDAA2:0001302 ! optic chiasm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1543%2CVisalius%27OpticChiasma.jpg/200px-1543%2CVisalius%27OpticChiasma.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17603 ! optic chiasma
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.680.600 ! optic chiasm
xref: BM:Tel-OCX ! optic chiasm
is_a: UBERON:0002464 ! nerve trunk
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000941 ! cranial nerve II
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
synonym: "chiasma opticum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62045]
xref: AAO:0010622 ! optic chiasm
xref: SCTID:244453006 ! Optic chiasma
xref: XAO:0004071 ! optic chiasm
xref: ncithesaurus:Optic_Chiasm ! optic chiasm
property_value: external_definition "The point at which fibers of the optic nerves cross.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010622", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:DSM"}
property_value: homology_notes "The chiasm has been studied in great detail in some animals, while in others relatively little or nothing is known. Although there are some gross architectural features that are conserved within some animals, such as birds and fish, the general picture is one of diversity. This review will attempt to consider the key features of such diversity of chiasmatic organisation in vertebrates and the mechanisms that sculpt them from the limited literature that is available. However, as so much research has been undertaken on the structure and development of the chiasm in laboratory animals, any review must consider the information that has been gleaned from them and hope that future studies will determine whether the features revealed in these animals, and the underlying mechanisms that generate them, have a common vertebrate plan.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000190", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2005.04.005 Jeffery G\, Erskine L\, Variations in the architecture and development of the vertebrate optic chiasm. Progress in retinal and eye research (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0029126

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004904
name: nerve connecting eye with brain
def: "A nerve that connects the eye to the brain and carries the impulses formed by the retina to the visual cortex of the brain[BTO]." [BTO:0000966]
comment: for the vertebrate-specific structure, see UBERON:0000941 (cranial nerve II)
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "optic nerve (generic)" EXACT []
synonym: "optic nerve" BROAD [BTO:0000966]
xref: BTO:0000966 ! optic nerve
xref: FBbt:00001956 ! optic nerve
xref: TADS:0000232 ! adult optic nerve
xref: EV:0100351 ! optic nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0005388 ! photoreceptor array
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002104 ! visual system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000941
name: cranial nerve II
def: "Cranial nerve which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons running posterior medially towards the optic chiasm, at which some of the axons cross the midline and after which the structure is termed the optic tract. Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain[ZFA]." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Optic_nerve, ZFA:0000435]
comment: Editor notes: A sensory tract that develops as an outpocketing of the brain - we classify as a cranial nerve as is traditional, but not strictly a nerve. AO notes: (relaion to eye): MA, XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. This is in contrast to GO, FMA, EHDAA2 (FMA has a class 'intra-ocular part of optic nerve' which represents the region of overlap). Relation to brain: part of diencephalon in EHDAA2, ZFA. In NIF, has the optic nerve root as part, which is a feature part of the diencphalon. Structure notes: We are consistent here with the FMA in considering CN-II continuous with the retina. Editor notes: - determine the precise relationship between CN II and the CNS
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CN-II" RELATED [ZFA:0000435]
synonym: "optic nerve" BROAD SENSU [FMA:50863, ZFA:0000435]
synonym: "optic II nerve" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001313]
synonym: "optic nerve [II]" EXACT []
synonym: "second cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "optic II" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001313]
synonym: "cranial II" EXACT []
synonym: "nervus opticus [II]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50863]
synonym: "nervus opticus" EXACT []
synonym: "02 optic nerve" EXACT [AAO:0010345]
xref: EHDAA:6788 ! optic nerve
xref: FMA:50863 ! Optic nerve
xref: GAID:831 ! optic nerve
xref: VHOG:0000543 ! optic nerve
xref: MA:0001097 ! optic II nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1640 ! Optic nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000435 ! cranial nerve II
xref: XAO:0000188 ! cranial nerve II
xref: ZFA:0000435 ! cranial nerve II
xref: ncithesaurus:Optic_Nerve ! Optic Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! optic nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001313 ! optic II nerve
xref: EMAPA:17846 ! optic nerve
xref: EMAPA:17575 ! optic II
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.680 ! optic nerve
xref: AAO:0010345 ! 02 optic nerve
xref: SCTID:180938001 ! Entire optic nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002464 ! nerve trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0000966 ! retina
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0000959 ! optic chiasma
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003902 {source="EHDAA2"} ! retinal neural layer
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0003098 ! optic stalk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002104 ! visual system
property_value: external_definition "Fibrous, somatic sensory element covered by a fibrous connective-tissue sheath and is continuous with the layer of nerve cells on the inner surface of the eye.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010345", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "A collection of nerve cells that project visual information from the eyes to the brain.  (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000435", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "optic" RELATED [TAO:0000435]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup (reference 1); The (optic) stalk persists as the optic nerve (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000543", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429\, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+stalk", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: EFO:0004258 ! optic nerve
xref: UMLS:C0029130

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000942
name: frontal nerve (branch of ophthalmic)
def: "The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. It enters the orbit through the supraorbital foramen, and runs forward between the Levator palpebræ superioris and the periosteum. Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Frontal_nerve]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "frontal nerve" EXACT [FMA:52638]
xref: FMA:52638 ! frontal nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Frontal_Nerve ! Frontal Nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gray787.png/200px-Gray787.png
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0000348 {source="FMA"} ! ophthalmic nerve
xref: SCTID:280219004 ! Entire frontal nerve
synonym: "nervus frontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Gray787.png
xref: UMLS:C0228712

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000943
name: obsolete labial sensillum
consider: FBbt:00002721 ! labial sensillum
consider: WBbt:0005107 ! labial sensillum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000944
name: obsolete dorsal branch
synonym: "dorsal vein" EXACT []
consider: FBbt:00003051 ! dorsal branch
consider: FMA:76733 ! Dorsal vein
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "ramus dorsalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76733]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000946
name: cardial valve
def: "Flap of tissue that prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria or from the pulmonary arteries or aorta to the ventricles." [Wikipedia:Cardiac_valve]
comment: Terminology notes: Rector et al: One might be tempted to define “heart valve” equivalently to “valve in the heart”, and “valve” as a “structure which functions as a valve”. But this combination results in the “foramen ovale” being classified as a kind of “heart valve”, since it is undoubtedly located in the heart and functions as a valve
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac valve" RELATED [GO:0003170]
synonym: "heart valve" EXACT []
synonym: "heart valves" RELATED []
synonym: "stomodaeal valve" RELATED []
synonym: "valve of heart" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000564
xref: FMA:7110 ! Cardiac valve
xref: GAID:176 ! heart valve
xref: galen:HeartValve
xref: VHOG:0000818 ! heart valve
xref: MA:0000086 ! heart valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8oyuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0005065 ! heart valve
xref: ZFA:0005065 ! heart valve
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Valve ! Cardiac Valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8oyuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! heart valve
xref: MESH:A07.541.510 ! heart valve
xref: EMAPA:17869 ! valve of heart
xref: EV:0100024 ! cardiac valve
is_a: UBERON:0003978 ! valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002062 {source="PMID:15797462"} ! endocardial cushion
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004754 ! foramen ovale of heart
xref: SCTID:181285005 ! Entire heart valve
xref: XAO:0004126 ! cardiac valve
property_value: external_definition "One of the four structures within the heart that prevent backflow of blood by opening and closing with each heartbeat. The valves include two semilunar valves, the aortic and pulmonary; the mitral or bicuspid valve; and the tricuspid valve. The valves permit blood flow in only one direction. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000818", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heart+valve", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000818", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566  Combs MD\, Yutzey KE\, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0018826

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010191
name: aortic system
is_a: UBERON:0000480 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical group
xref: EHDAA2:0004512 ! aortic system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000947
name: aorta
def: "Artery carrying blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation" [Wikipedia:Aorta]
comment: Editor notes: This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. Taxon notes: All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills. Amphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches[WP].
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "dorsal aorta" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0000014, Wikipedia:Aorta#In_other_animals]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree" EXACT []
synonym: "trunk of systemic arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000135
xref: EFO:0000265 ! aorta
xref: FMA:3734 ! Aorta
xref: GAID:469 ! aorta
xref: galen:Aorta
xref: VHOG:0001523 ! aorta
xref: MA:0000062 ! aorta
xref: MAT:0000035 ! aorta
xref: MIAA:0000035 ! aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0003010 ! aorta
xref: ncithesaurus:Aorta ! Aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! aorta
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.056 ! aorta
xref: EMAPA:18601 ! aorta
xref: EV:0100027 ! aorta
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="BTO"} ! artery
is_a: UBERON:0003509 {source="MA"} ! arterial blood vessel
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002224 {source="MA-modified"} ! thoracic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004571 {source="Wikipedia"} ! systemic arterial system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010191 {source="EHDAA2"} ! aortic system
xref: AAO:0010213 ! aorta
xref: SCTID:181298001 ! Entire aorta
synonym: "aorta, arteria maxima" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Aorta]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Aorta_scheme.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010213", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001523", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "aortic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0003483

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005805 ! dorsal aorta
name: dorsal aorta
def: "The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch[BTO]. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]. Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta, GO:0035907, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3316981&group_id=36855&atid=440764, BTO:0004673]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal aort%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta]
synonym: "dorsal aorta root" RELATED [VHOG:0000264]
synonym: "dorsal aortic root" RELATED [VHOG:0000264]
synonym: "DA" EXACT [ZFA:0000014]
xref: VHOG:0000264 ! dorsal aorta
xref: ZFA:0000014 ! dorsal aorta
xref: VHOG:0000264 ! dorsal aorta
xref: EHDAA:402 ! dorsal aorta
xref: XAO:0000051 ! dorsal aorta
xref: BTO:0004673 ! dorsal aorta
xref: EMAPA:18606 ! dorsal aorta of aorta
is_a: UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 ! intermediate mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001917 ! endothelium of artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002201 ! vasculature of trunk
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001514 {source="Wikipedia"} ! descending aorta
xref: AAO:0011029 ! dorsal aorta
xref: SCTID:338637006 ! Entire dorsal aorta
xref: TAO:0000014 ! dorsal aorta
synonym: "aortae dorsales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_aorta]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray459.png
property_value: external_definition "Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, leading from the paired roots (radices) of the dorsal aorta to the caudal artery. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000014", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000014", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000264", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010190
name: pair of dorsal aortae
synonym: "paired dorsal aortae" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000410]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010191 {source="EHDAA2"} ! aortic system
xref: EHDAA2:0000410 ! paired dorsal aortae
xref: MA:0000476 ! dorsal aorta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005613
name: left dorsal aorta
comment: Contributes to the arch of aorta in humans[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview]
xref: MA:0000478 ! left dorsal aorta
xref: EHDAA2:0000936 ! left dorsal aorta
xref: EMAPA:16205 ! left of dorsal aorta of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: VHOG:0000484 ! left dorsal aorta
xref: EHDAA:404 ! left of dorsal aorta
xref: SCTID:361403005 ! Primitive left dorsal aorta
is_a: UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005805 ! dorsal aorta
property_value: homology_notes "A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000484", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0174480198 Roberts MBV\, Biology: a functional approach (1986) p.572", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005622
name: right dorsal aorta
comment: Normally regresses in humans[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview]
xref: MA:0000479 ! right dorsal aorta
xref: EHDAA2:0001720 ! right dorsal aorta
xref: EMAPA:16206 ! right of dorsal aorta of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: VHOG:0000485 ! right dorsal aorta
xref: EHDAA:406 ! right of dorsal aorta
xref: SCTID:361404004 ! Primitive right dorsal aorta
is_a: UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005805 ! dorsal aorta
property_value: homology_notes "A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000485", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0174480198 Roberts MBV\, Biology: a functional approach (1986) p.572", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003085
name: ventral aorta
def: "The artery in vertebrate embryos that carries blood from the ventricle of the heart to the aortic arches. In adult fish it branches into afferent branchial arteries supplying the gills. In adult tetrapods it is represented by the ascending part of the aorta[BTO]. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]." [BTO:0004674, GO:0035908]
comment: Taxon notes (via vHOG): "When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.620. // in Reptiles, splits to form bases of 3 arteries: left aortic arch, right aortic arch and pulmonary trunk. In birds, the right systemic arch becomes predominant, the left never fully develops [Kardong]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: VHOG:0000121 ! ventral aorta
xref: TAO:0000604 ! ventral aorta
xref: XAO:0000338 ! ventral aorta
xref: ZFA:0000604 ! ventral aorta
xref: BTO:0004674 ! ventral aorta
is_a: UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001496 {source="Wikipedia", source="PMID:2297080"} ! ascending aorta
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: AAO:0010412 ! ventral aorta
property_value: external_definition "Outflow artery from the heart to the aortic arches. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000604", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000121", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001496 ! ascending aorta
name: ascending aorta
def: "The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart’s axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]" [Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta, GO:0035905]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pars ascendens aortae" EXACT []
xref: FMA:3736 ! Ascending aorta
xref: MA:0002570 ! ascending aorta
xref: ncithesaurus:Ascending_Aorta ! Ascending Aorta
xref: EHDAA:9828 ! ascending aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwVFqO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ascending aorta
xref: EHDAA2:0000147 ! ascending aorta
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17014 ! ascending aorta of aortico-pulmonary spiral septum
xref: EMAPA:18604 ! ascending
xref: EMAPA:25959 ! ascending aorta of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
is_a: UBERON:0005800 ! segment of aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001515 ! thoracic aorta
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005338 {source="EHDAA2"} ! outflow tract aortic component
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002061 ! truncus arteriosus
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005432 ! aortic sac
xref: SCTID:181299009 ! Entire ascending aorta
synonym: "pars ascendens aortae, aorta ascendens" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg
xref: UMLS:C0003956

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000949
name: endocrine system
def: "Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity." [NLM:endocrine+system, Wikipedia:Endocrine_system]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "endocrine system" EXACT []
synonym: "systema endocrinum" EXACT []
synonym: "endocrine glandular system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002224]
xref: FBbt:00005068 ! endocrine system
xref: FMA:9668 ! Endocrine system
xref: GAID:439 ! endocrine system
xref: VHOG:0000098 ! endocrine system
xref: MA:0000012 ! endocrine system
xref: TAO:0001158 ! endocrine system
xref: XAO:0000158 ! endocrine system
xref: ZFA:0001158 ! endocrine system
xref: ncithesaurus:Endocrine_System ! Endocrine System
xref: MESH:A06 ! endocrine system
xref: EV:0100128 ! endocrine system
xref: EFO:0002969 ! endocrine system
xref: EHDAA2:0002224 ! endocrine glandular system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0050886 ! endocrine process
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: AAO:0010279 ! endocrine system
xref: SCTID:278876000 ! Entire endocrine system
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010279", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000098", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1073/pnas.0812138106 Markov GV\, Tavares R\, Dauphin-Villemant C\, Demeneix BA\, Baker ME\, Laudet V\, Independent elaboration of steroid hormone signaling pathways in metazoans. PNAS (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "endocrine" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014136

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000951
name: rotator muscle of the vertebral column
def: "Any of a number of short transversospinal muscles chiefly developed in cervical, lumbar, and thoracic regions, arising from the transverse process of one vertebra and inserted into the root of the spinous process of the next two or three vertebrae above, with nerve supply from the dorsal branches of the spinal nerve, and whose actions rotate the vertebral column." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rotator+muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "rotator muscle" EXACT [FMA:23081]
xref: FMA:23081 ! rotator muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
xref: SCTID:244872002 ! Entire rotator muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000954
name: obsolete intestine muscle
def: "intestinal muscle cell, attach to intestine and body wall anterior to anus" [WB:Paper00000653]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intestinal muscle" EXACT []
consider: FBbt:00003537 ! intestine muscle
consider: WBbt:0005796 ! intestinal muscle
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000955
name: brain
def: "The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals.[1] Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]." [Wikipedia:Brain]
comment: include synganglion?
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "synganglion" RELATED []
synonym: "encephalon" RELATED [BTO:0000142]
xref: BILA:0000135
xref: BTO:0000142
xref: EHDAA:2641 ! brain
xref: EHDAA:6485 ! brain
xref: EMAPA:16894 ! brain
xref: FBbt:00005095 ! brain
xref: FMA:50801 ! Brain
xref: GAID:571 ! brain
xref: galen:Brain
xref: VHOG:0000157 ! brain
xref: MA:0000168 ! brain
xref: MAT:0000098 ! brain
xref: MIAA:0000098 ! brain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_796 ! Brain
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000008 ! brain
xref: XAO:0000010 ! brain
xref: ZFA:0000008 ! brain
xref: ncithesaurus:Brain ! Brain
xref: EFO:0000302 ! brain
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! brain
xref: EHDAA2:0000183 ! brain
xref: MESH:A08.186.211 ! brain
xref: EV:0100164 ! brain
xref: ABA:Brain ! Basic cell groups and regions
is_a: UBERON:0000062 {source="GO"} ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 {source="FMA"} ! central nervous system
xref: AAO:0010478 ! brain
xref: SCTID:258335003 ! Entire brain
property_value: external_definition "Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010478", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000008", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000157", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.165", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0006104

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008823
name: neural tube derived brain
is_a: UBERON:0000489 {source="ZFA"} ! cavitated compound organ
comment: note that a reasoner should automatically classify all the vertebrate ontology brain classes here
synonym: "vertebrate brain" NARROW []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000955 ! brain
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0006238 {evidence="definitional"} ! future brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 {source="FMA"} ! head
def: "A brain that develops_from a neural tube." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000956
name: cerebral cortex
def: "The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It constitutes the outermost layer of the cerebrum. In preserved brains, it has a grey color, hence the name 'grey matter'. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibers, whereas the white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons interconnecting different regions of the central nervous system. The human cerebral cortex is 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 inches) thick. The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in large mammals, such that more than two-thirds of the cortical surface is buried in the grooves, called 'sulci. ' The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex, also called isocortex, is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus (also called archicortex), has at most three cellular layers, and is divided into subfields. Relative variations in thickness or cell type (among other parameters) allow us to distinguish between different neocortical architectonic fields. The geometry of at least some of these fields seems to be related to the anatomy of the cortical folds, and, for example, layers in the upper part of the cortical ridges seem to be more clearly differentiated than in its deeper parts. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cortex of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT []
synonym: "brain cortex" RELATED [BTO:0000233]
synonym: "pallium of the brain" RELATED [BTO:0000233]
xref: BTO:0000233
xref: EFO:0000328 ! cerebral cortex
xref: EHDAA:5464 ! cerebral cortex
xref: FMA:61830 ! Cerebral cortex
xref: GAID:629 ! cerebral cortex
xref: VHOG:0000722 ! cerebral cortex
xref: MA:0000185 ! cerebral cortex
xref: MAT:0000108 ! cerebral cortex
xref: MIAA:0000108 ! cerebral cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1494 ! Cerebral cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Cortex ! Cerebral Cortex
xref: EHDAA2:0000234 ! cerebral cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cerebral_Cortex_location.jpg/200px-Cerebral_Cortex_location.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17544 ! cerebral cortex
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213 ! cerebral cortex
xref: EV:0100166 ! cerebral cortex
xref: ABA:CTX ! Cerebral cortex
xref: BM:Tel-Cx ! cerebral cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000203 {source="GO", source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! pallium
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007613 {source="Wikipedia"} ! memory
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0004035 ! subplate
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005343 ! cortical plate
xref: SCTID:362880003 ! Entire cerebral cortex
synonym: "cortex cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Brainmaps-macaque-hippocampus.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "Migration of neurons from the basal or striatal portions of the anterior part of the neural tube occurs to varying degrees in different vertebrate classes, but a true cerebral cortex is generally acknowledged to have made its first appearance in reptiles. The definition can be unambiguous, since 'cortex' simply implies the existence of a surface neuronal layer with an overlying 'zonal lamina' or 'molecular' layer containing dendrites and axons, which is separated from the underlying basal 'matrix' by white matter. Although reptilian cerebral cortex does indeed fulfill these conditions in certain locations, the separation from striatal structures is often indistinct, so that it may even be argued that some primitive dipnoans possess a pallium or cortex. Nevertheless, an extensive laminated layer separated by underlying white matter is well represented only in reptiles and mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000722", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb20437.x Kruger L\, Experimental analyses of the reptilian nervous system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1969)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0007776

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000957
name: lamina
def: "Any thin layer or plate." [Wikipedia:Lamina_of_the_vertebral_arch]
comment: TODO - merge with cell layer?
subset: uberon_slim
subset: upper_level
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Laminaarcusvertebrae.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "laminal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000958
name: medulla
def: "Middle part of an organ (as opposed to the cortex)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary]
comment: This class is used in a very general sense
subset: upper_level
xref: FMA:61108 ! Medulla
xref: galen:Medulla ! medulla
xref: BM:Me ! medulla
is_a: UBERON:0000471 ! compound organ component
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
property_value: has_relational_adjective "medullary" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000960
name: obsolete pharyngeal nerve
def: "OBSOLETE. Original definition: The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. It passes through the pharyngeal canal with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, behind the auditory tube. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_nerve]
subset: uberon_slim
consider: FBbt:00004021 ! pharyngeal nerve
consider: FMA:77524 ! Pharyngeal nerve
consider: WBbt:0005441 ! pharyngeal nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray780.png/200px-Gray780.png
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000961
name: thoracic ganglion
def: "The thoracic ganglia are paravertebral ganglia. The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 12 thoracic ganglia. Emerging from the ganglia are thoracic splancic nerves (the cardiopulmonary, the greater, lesser, and least splanchic nerves) that help provide sympathetic innervation to abdominal structures. Also, the ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic trunk have both white and gray rami communicantes. The white rami carry sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord into the sympathetic trunk. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thoracic_ganglion]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thoracic paravertebral ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "thoracic splanchnic ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "thoracic sympathetic ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "ganglion of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:6471 ! Thoracic ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000515 ! thoracic ganglion
xref: MA:0001159 ! thoracic ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Ganglion ! Thoracic Ganglion
xref: BTO:0001831 ! thoracic ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray849.png/200px-Gray849.png
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002012 ! thoracic
xref: EMAPA:17158 ! thoracic
xref: EHDAA:4664 ! thoracic
is_a: UBERON:0001807 ! paravertebral ganglion
synonym: "ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6471]
xref: SCTID:181102004 ! Entire thoracic sympathetic ganglion
xref: UMLS:C0229010

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000962
name: nerve of cervical vertebra
def: "The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cervical_nerves]
comment: Innervates: sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cervical nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "cervical spinal nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "cervical nerve" EXACT [FMA:5859]
xref: FMA:5859 ! cervical nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Nerve ! Cervical Nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090207 ! Cervical spinal nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray795.png/200px-Gray795.png
is_a: UBERON:0001780 ! spinal nerve
xref: SCTID:360497008 ! Entire cervical spinal nerve
xref: UMLS:C0228815

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000963
name: head sensillum
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FBbt:00004114 ! head sensillum
xref: MAT:0000204 ! head sensillum
xref: MIAA:0000204 ! head sensillum
is_a: UBERON:0002536 ! arthropod sensillum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012430
name: tunica fibrosa of eyeball
xref: FMA:58102 ! fibrous layer of eyeball
synonym: "fibrous layer of eyeball" EXACT [FMA:58102]
synonym: "tunica fibrosa" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010230 ! eyeball of camera-type eye
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="doi:10.1177/0192623311409597"} ! Danio rerio

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000964
name: cornea
def: "transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power." [Wikipedia:Cornea]
comment: Taxon notes: Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea [of zebrafish] is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman’s membrane in mammals
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cornea of camera-type eye" EXACT [GO:0061303]
synonym: "tunica cornea" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000286
xref: EFO:0000377 ! cornea
xref: EHDAA:10199 ! cornea
xref: FMA:58238 ! Cornea
xref: GAID:892 ! cornea
xref: VHOG:0000164 ! cornea
xref: MA:0000266 ! cornea
xref: ncithesaurus:Cornea
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000640 ! cornea
xref: XAO:0000180 ! cornea
xref: ZFA:0000640 ! cornea
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cornea
xref: EHDAA2:0000316 ! cornea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17161 ! cornea
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.217 ! cornea
xref: EV:0100341 ! cornea
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005427 ! corneal primordium
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0005426 ! lens vesicle
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001773 ! sclera
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001801 {source="MA"} ! anterior segment of eyeball
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010409 {source="MA"} ! eye surface
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012430 {source="FMA"} ! tunica fibrosa of eyeball
xref: AAO:0010344 ! cornea
xref: SCTID:181162001 ! Entire cornea
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004348 {evidence="definitional"} ! optic eminence
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "corneal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0010031

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005427 ! corneal primordium
name: corneal primordium
def: "Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3]
xref: ZFA:0001688 ! corneal primordium
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="Obol"} ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="ZFA"} ! camera-type eye
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
xref: TAO:0002188 ! corneal primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011918
name: line of Schwalbe
def: "The thickened peripheral margin of the vitreous membrane of the cornea." [MP:0006250]
comment: AO notes: A line in FMA, a structure in MP
synonym: "Schwalbe's ring" EXACT  [MP:0006250]
synonym: "Schwalbe line" EXACT  [FMA:58422]
synonym: "Schwalbe's line" EXACT  [FMA:58422]
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005969 {source="MP"} ! reticulum trabeculare
xref: FMA:58422 ! line of schwalbe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005389 ! transparent eye structure
name: transparent eye structure
comment: transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array
synonym: "lens" NARROW []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000970 ! eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000965 ! lens
name: lens of camera-type eye
def: "Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina." [Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)]
comment: Taxon notes: This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lens" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "eye lens" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "camera-type eye lens" EXACT [GO:0002088]
synonym: "crystalline lens" RELATED [BTO:0000723]
synonym: "ocular lens" RELATED [BTO:0000723]
synonym: "lens crystallina" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lens_%28anatomy%29]
xref: BTO:0000723
xref: EHDAA:9057 ! lens
xref: FMA:58241 ! Lens
xref: VHOG:0000169 ! lens
xref: MA:0000275 ! lens
xref: MAT:0000141 ! lens
xref: MIAA:0000141 ! lens
xref: TAO:0000035 ! lens
xref: XAO:0000008 ! lens
xref: ZFA:0000035 ! lens
xref: ncithesaurus:Crystalline_Lens ! Lens
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lens
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975 ! lens
xref: EMAPA:17838 ! lens
xref: MESH:A09.371.509 ! crystalline len
xref: EV:0100343 ! lens
xref: AAO:0010348 ! lens
is_a: UBERON:0005389 ! transparent eye structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003073 ! lens placode
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001801 ! anterior segment of eyeball
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005426 ! lens vesicle
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000207 ! compound eye corneal lens
xref: AAO:0010348 ! lens
xref: SCTID:181169005 ! Entire lens
property_value: homology_notes "The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000169", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0023317

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000207 ! compound eye corneal lens
name: compound eye corneal lens
def: "A chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells." [GO:0048058]
synonym: "acellular lens" RELATED []
xref: FBbt:00004199 ! lens
xref: TADS:0000304 ! adult eye lens
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0005389 ! transparent eye structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000018 ! compound eye
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-18T01:35:32Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000208
name: obsolete cellular lens
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-18T01:37:39Z
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0000965 ! lens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005388 ! photoreceptor array
name: photoreceptor array
def: "An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "light-sensitive tissue" EXACT []
xref: FBbt:00004200 ! retina
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000970 ! eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000966
name: retina
def: "The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates." [Wikipedia:Retina, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "retina of camera-type eye" EXACT [GO:0060041]
synonym: "inner layer of eyeball" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica interna of eyeball" EXACT []
synonym: "Netzhaut" RELATED [BTO:0001175]
xref: BTO:0001175
xref: EFO:0000832 ! retina
xref: EHDAA:4757 ! retina
xref: FMA:58301 ! Retina
xref: GAID:755 ! retina
xref: VHOG:0000229 ! retina
xref: MA:0000276 ! retina
xref: MAT:0000142 ! retina
xref: MIAA:0000142 ! retina
xref: ncithesaurus:Retina
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1153 ! Retina
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1156
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000152 ! retina
xref: XAO:0000009 ! retina
xref: ZFA:0000152 ! retina
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! retina
xref: EHDAA2:0001627 ! retina
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png/200px-Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png
xref: EMAPA:17168 ! retina
xref: MESH:A09.371.729 ! retina
xref: EV:0100348 ! retina
is_a: UBERON:0005388 ! photoreceptor array
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003072 {source="EHDAA2"} ! optic cup
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001802 ! posterior segment of eyeball
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
relationship: has_part CL:0000573 {source="FMA"} ! retinal cone cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000604 {source="FMA"} ! retinal rod cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000740 {source="FMA"} ! retinal ganglion cell
xref: AAO:0010352 ! retina
xref: SCTID:181171005 ! Entire retina
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png
property_value: external_definition "The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000152", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000229", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "retinal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0035298

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000967
name: obsolete adult thoracic sensillum
synonym: "thoracic sensillum" EXACT []
synonym: "arthropod sensillum of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sensillum of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax arthropod sensillum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax sensillum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
consider: FBbt:00004245 ! adult thoracic sensillum
consider: MAT:0000205 ! thoracic sensillum
consider: MIAA:0000205 ! thoracic sensillum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000968
name: obsolete adult abdominal sensillum
synonym: "abdominal sensillum" EXACT []
synonym: "abdomen arthropod sensillum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdomen sensillum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arthropod sensillum of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sensillum of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
consider: FBbt:00004461 ! adult abdominal sensillum
consider: MAT:0000206 ! abdominal sensillum
consider: MIAA:0000206 ! abdominal sensillum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000972
name: antenna
def: "The paired, usually multiple jointed, sensory organs articulating on the procephalic region of the head capsule; its highly versatile sensory structures are capable to detect the various environmental stimuli. In the context of Drosophila refers to they are the most anterior segmented sensory appendage of the head." [FB:gg, ISBN:3110148986, Wikipedia:Antenna_(biology)]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "feeler" RELATED [BTO:0000074]
xref: BTO:0000074
xref: EFO:0000874 ! antenna
xref: FBbt:00004511 ! antenna
xref: HAO:0000101 ! antenna
xref: MAT:0000086 ! antenna
xref: MIAA:0000086 ! antenna
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjSAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! antenna
xref: TGMA:0000007 ! adult antenna
xref: AEO:0000198 ! antenna
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
property_value: has_relational_adjective "antennal" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "antenno" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000973
name: obsolete labrum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005905
name: insect labrum
def: "A mouthpart of insects." [Wikipedia:Insect_mouthparts#Labrum]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
synonym: "labium" RELATED [BTO:0004104]
synonym: "labrum" RELATED [BTO:0004104]
synonym: "insect labium" EXACT [BTO:0004104]
xref: BTO:0004104 ! insect labium
xref: FBbt:00004522 ! labrum
xref: HAO:0000456 ! labrum
xref: TADS:0000039 ! adult labrum
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000974
name: neck
def: "Subdivision of body proper, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the cervical vertebral coumn, it is partially surrounded by skin of neck. Examples: There is only one neck[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Neck]
comment: Usage notes: true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck. 
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000420
xref: FMA:7155 ! Neck
xref: GAID:86 ! neck
xref: MA:0000024 ! neck
xref: MAT:0000297 ! neck
xref: MIAA:0000297 ! neck
xref: ncithesaurus:Neck ! Neck
xref: EFO:0000967 ! neck
xref: galen:Neck ! neck
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! neck
xref: EHDAA2:0003108 ! neck
xref: AEO:0000108 ! neck
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Female_neck.jpg/200px-Female_neck.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.598 ! neck
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000153 ! anterior region of body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007811 ! craniocervical region
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: posteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 {source="ISBN:9780674021839"} ! Teleostei
xref: SCTID:302550007 ! Entire neck
synonym: "collum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neck]
synonym: "neck (volume)" RELATED [FMA:7155]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cervical" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0027530

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007811
name: craniocervical region
def: "The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "head and neck" EXACT [FMA:280881]
synonym: "head or neck" RELATED []
xref: MA:0000006 ! head and neck
xref: EV:0100009 ! head and neck
is_a: UBERON:0000475 {source="MA"} ! organism subdivision
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000974 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523"} ! neck
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000153 ! anterior region of body
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck ! Head and Neck
xref: galen:HeadAndNeck
xref: SCTID:361355005 ! Entire head and neck
xref: FMA:280881 ! craniocervical region
xref: WikipediaCategory:Head_and_neck 
xref: UMLS:C0460004
xref: CALOHA:TS-2356 ! Head and neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008229
name: craniocervical region musculature
synonym: "head or neck muscle" RELATED [MA:0000571]
synonym: "head or neck muscle" EXACT [MA:0000571]
xref: MA:0000571 ! head or neck muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001015 {source="MA"} ! musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007811 ! craniocervical region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007811 {source="MA"} ! craniocervical region
def: "A musculature that is part of a craniocervical region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000975
name: sternum
def: "A midventral endochondral skeletal element which represents the origin site of the pectoral muscles[PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [PHENOSCAPE:ad, Wikipedia:Sternum]
comment: Development notes: While its developmental origins are similar to the ribs (from the myospetum and septum of the trunk region), it is often associated with the pectoral skeleton, due to both function and physical connections (i.e. the coracoid of archosaurs). It may be a single element or a series of smaller structure (sternebrae). Based on Kardong 2012. [ad]. Editor note: in EMAPA and EHDAA2 this is part of the skeleton of pectoral girdle; the classic def of pectoral girdle (see WP) excludes the rib cage and sternum. Taxon notes: It probably first evolved in early tetrapods as an extension of the pectoral girdle; it is not found in fish. In amphibians and reptiles it is typically a shield-shaped structure, often composed entirely of cartilage. It is absent in both turtles and snakes. In birds it is a relatively large bone and typically bears an enormous projecting keel to which the flight muscles are attached. Only in mammals does the sternum take on the elongated, segmented form seen in humans. In some mammals, such as opossums, the individual segments never fuse and remain separated by cartilagenous plates throughout life[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vertebrate sternum" EXACT []
synonym: "breastbone" RELATED [BTO:0001302]
xref: AAO:0000765 ! sternum
xref: BTO:0001302
xref: FMA:7485 ! Sternum
xref: GAID:246 ! sternum
xref: VHOG:0000856 ! sternum
xref: MA:0001331 ! sternum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjO6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternum ! Sternum
xref: EHDAA:9561 ! sternum
xref: galen:Sternum ! sternum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjO6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sternum
xref: EHDAA2:0001914 ! sternum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg/200px-Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18344 ! sternum
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.904.766 ! sternum
is_a: UBERON:0010363 {source="Kardong"} ! endochondral element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003252 {source="FMA"} ! rib cage
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 {source="Kardong"} ! Tetrapoda
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8570 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Serpentes
xref: SCTID:302522007 ! Entire sternum
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0008255 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! right clavicle
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0008256 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! left clavicle
property_value: external_definition "Single element that constitutes the postzonal area of the pectoral girdle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000765", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of postzonal element (AAO:0000938)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000765", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: homology_notes "Fishes lack a sternum. (...) A sternum is absent in the first fossil tetrapods, but it is present in modern amphibians. (...) Thus, a sternum occurs in some modern amphibians, birds, mammals and archosaurs. However, its absence in the common ancestors to these groups means that it has arisen independently several times within the field of the midventral connective tissue.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000856", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.294", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "sternal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0038293

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000976
name: humerus
def: "Paired endochondral long bone that extends between the pectoral girdle and the skeletal parts of the forelimb. [PHENOSCAPE:mah]" [PHENOSCAPE:mah, Wikipedia:Humerus, AAO:0000679]
comment: homologous to proximal metapterygial mesomere of pectoral appendage [Hall 2007]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "humerus bone" EXACT []
synonym: "humeri" EXACT PLURAL [PHENOSCAPE:ad]
xref: AAO:0000679 ! humerus
xref: FMA:13303 ! Humerus
xref: GAID:183 ! humerus
xref: galen:Humerus
xref: VHOG:0001158 ! humerus
xref: MA:0001356 ! humerus
xref: ncithesaurus:Humerus ! Humerus
xref: EFO:0001398 ! humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_upper_extremity.jpg
xref: XAO:0003210 ! humerus
xref: EMAPA:18468 ! humerus of mesenchyme of upper arm
xref: EMAPA:19106 ! humerus of upper arm
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.412 ! humerus
is_a: UBERON:0002495 {source="FMA"} ! long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003822 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb stylopod
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
xref: SCTID:181923006 ! Entire humerus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006245 {evidence="definitional"} ! humerus cartilage condensation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000679", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001158", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "humeral" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0020164

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
name: forelimb zeugopod skeleton
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an forelimb zeugopod region." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "wing zeugopod skeleton" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor notes: adding proxinally_connected_to humerus causes inconsistencies - requires investigation
synonym: "antebrachium skeleton" EXACT [PHENOSCAPE:ni]
synonym: "antebrachial skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "forearm skeleton" EXACT  [FMA:71199]
synonym: "forelimb epipodium" RELATED  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005011]
synonym: "forelimb epipodium skeleton" RELATED  []
synonym: "anterior zeugopodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005011]
synonym: "anterior zeugopodium skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005011]
synonym: "skeleton of forearm" EXACT [FMA:71199]
synonym: "fore epipodium" RELATED [AAO:0000200]
synonym: "fore epipodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "radius and ulna" RELATED []
xref: FMA:71199 ! skeleton of forearm
xref: VSAO:0005011 ! anterior zeugopodium
xref: AAO:0000200 ! fore epipodium
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton
!relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
property_value: external_definition "Segment of the forearm corresponding to the radius and ulna.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000200", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001423
name: radius bone
def: "The major preaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]." [PHENOSCAPE:mah, Wikipedia:Radius_(bone)]
comment: Due to the presence of the radius in Tetrpodomorph fish this element is not inherently linked to the presence of digits or flexor musculature. The corresponding bone in the posterior fin/limb is the tibia.[Phenoscape]. In four-legged animals, the radius is the main load-bearing bone of the lower forelimb. Its structure is similar in most terrestrial tetrapods, but it may be fused with the ulna in some mammals (such as horses) and reduced or modified in animals with flippers or vestigial forelimbs [ISBN:0-03-910284-X]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "radius" EXACT [MA:0001357]
xref: AAO:0000788 ! radius
xref: FMA:23463 ! Radius
xref: GAID:185 ! radius
xref: MA:0001357 ! radius
xref: galen:Radius ! radius
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUsDcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! radius
xref: EMAPA:18466 ! radius of mesenchyme of forearm
xref: EMAPA:19103 ! radius of forearm
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.702 ! radius
xref: ncithesaurus:Radius_Bone ! Radius Bone
xref: SCTID:181940002 ! Entire radius
xref: VSAO:0005012 ! radius
is_a: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 {source="VSAO"} ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006286 {evidence="definitional"} ! radius cartilage condensation
property_value: external_definition "One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the lateral side of the ulna. Its upper end articulates with both the humerus and the ulna, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000788", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0034627

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006286
name: radius cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18054 ! radius cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001585 ! radius cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001318 ! radius cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:7267 ! radius cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001423 ! radius
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003327 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of forearm
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a radius bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010846
name: radius pre-cartilage condensation
comment: Editor notes: still to decide whether this is a distinct pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001423 ! radius
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003327 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of forearm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006287 {source="EHDAA2"} ! radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001586 ! radius pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a radius bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006287
name: radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation
comment: AO notes: EMAPA has a separate radius-ulna cartilage condensation.
xref: EMAPA:17420 ! radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001587 ! radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000949 ! radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:4178 ! radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003327 ! mesenchyme of forearm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010848 ! radius-ulna cartilage condensation
name: radius-ulna cartilage condensation
comment: AO notes: note that this is not represented as a single unit in EHDAA2
synonym: "radio-ulna cartilage condensation" EXACT  [EMAPA:17711]
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003327 {source="EMAPA"} ! mesenchyme of forearm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006287 ! radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17711 ! radius-ulna cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001424
name: ulna
def: "The major postaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]." [PHENOSCAPE:mah, Wikipedia:Ulna]
comment: The corresponding bone in the posterior fin/limb is the fibula.
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000789 ! ulna
xref: FMA:23466 ! Ulna
xref: GAID:188 ! ulna
xref: MA:0001358 ! ulna
xref: ncithesaurus:Ulna ! Ulna
xref: galen:Ulna ! ulna
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwPtIM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ulna
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_upper_extremity.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18467 ! ulna of mesenchyme of forearm
xref: EMAPA:19104 ! ulna of forearm
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.911 ! ulna
xref: SCTID:181948009 ! Entire ulna
xref: VSAO:0005013 ! ulna
is_a: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
relationship: postaxial_part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 {source="VSAO"} ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006306 {evidence="definitional"} ! ulna cartilage condensation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg
property_value: external_definition "One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the medial (inner) side of the radius. The upper end of the ulna articulates with the lower end of the humerus forming a strong hinge joint with the carpals, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000789", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ulnar" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0041600

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006306
name: ulna cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18055 ! ulna cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0002098 ! ulna cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001155 ! ulna cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:7269 ! ulna cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003327 ! mesenchyme of forearm
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a ulna." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010847
name: ulna pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006287 {source="EHDAA2"} ! radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003327 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of forearm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0002100 ! ulna pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:6226 ! ulna pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a ulna." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000979
name: tibia
def: "The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]." [PHENOSCAPE:mah, Wikipedia:Tibia]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "shankbone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tibia]
synonym: "shinbone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tibia]
xref: AAO:0000890 ! tibia
xref: BTO:0001252
xref: FMA:24476 ! Tibia
xref: GAID:204 ! tibia
xref: MA:0001361 ! tibia
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibia ! Tibia
xref: galen:Tibia ! tibia
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtq3-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! shinbone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gray260.png/200px-Gray260.png
xref: EMAPA:19142 ! tibia
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.883 ! tibia
xref: EFO:0003054 ! tibia
is_a: UBERON:0002495 {source="FMA"} ! long bone
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: SCTID:182061009 ! Entire tibia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010849 ! tibia cartilaginous condensation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Gray260.png
property_value: external_definition "One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the hind-epipodium; it is a straight, simple bone whose section is more or less rectangular at the ends and circular at its central portion.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000890", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0040184

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010849
name: tibia cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005259 {source="EMAPA"} ! lower leg mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010850 ! tibia pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18155 ! tibia cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a tibia." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010850
name: tibia pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005259 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lower leg mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002036 ! tibia pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tibia." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000313
name: tibial cartilage
def: "Cartilage pertaining to the tibia." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
comment: TODO
synonym: "cartilage of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33923]
xref: BTO:0000207
xref: FMA:33923 ! Cartilage of tibia
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000981
name: femur
def: "Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium skeleton.[VSAO, modified]." [Wikipedia:Femur, VSAO:0000186]
comment: homologous to proximal metapterygial mesomere of pelvic appendage [Hall 2007]. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thigh bone" EXACT []
synonym: "femoral bone" RELATED [BTO:0001284]
synonym: "os femorale" RELATED [BTO:0001284]
synonym: "os femoris" RELATED [BTO:0001284]
xref: AAO:0000889 ! femur
xref: BTO:0001284
xref: FMA:9611 ! Femur
xref: GAID:199 ! femur
xref: galen:Femur
xref: VHOG:0001159 ! femur
xref: MA:0001359 ! femur
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Femur ! Femur
xref: EFO:0001396 ! femur
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! femur
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gray252.png/200px-Gray252.png
xref: XAO:0003214 ! femur
xref: EMAPA:18514 ! femur of mesenchyme of upper leg
xref: EMAPA:19143 ! femur of upper leg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.247 ! femur
xref: VSAO:0000186 ! femur
is_a: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
is_a: UBERON:0008202 {source="MA"} ! bone of hip region
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 {source="FMA"} ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 {source="FMA"} ! hindlimb stylopod
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010129 {evidence="definitional"} ! femur cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:182046008 ! Entire femur
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001272 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! innominate bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002446 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! patella
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0000979 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! tibia
synonym: "os femoris, os longissimum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femur]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Gray252.png
property_value: external_definition "Paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000889", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000186", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:NI"}
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001159", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "femoral" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0015811

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006767
name: head of femur
def: "The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone[Stedman, 26th ed]. The femur head is the highest part of the thigh bone. It is supported by the neck of the femur. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. Its surface is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. In orthopedic surgery, the head of the femur is important because it can undergo avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans. The head is removed in total hip replacement surgery [WP]." [Wikipedia:Femur_head, MESH:A02.835.232.500.247.343]
synonym: "femur head" RELATED  [MESH:A02.835.232.500.247.343]
synonym: "acetabular head" EXACT [AAO:0000892]
synonym: "caput femoris" RELATED  [AAO:0000892, Wikipedia:Femur_head]
synonym: "femoral head" EXACT [FMA:32851]
synonym: "capital femoral epiphysis" RELATED [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/capital+femoral+epiphysis]
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.247.343 ! femur head
xref: FMA:32851 ! Head of femur
xref: AAO:0000892 ! acetabular head
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 ! proximal epiphysis of femur
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Femur ! Head of the Femur
xref: galen:FemoralHead
xref: SCTID:361791000 ! Entire head of femur
synonym: "caput femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femur_head]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray243.png
property_value: external_definition "Proximal head of the femur, which articulates with the acetabulum.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000892", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0015813

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012078
name: fovea capitis of femur
def: "The surface of the head of the femur is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea of head of femur, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligamentum teres." [Wikipedia:Fovea_of_head_of_femur]
comment: Absent in pinnipeds
synonym: "fovea of head of femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fovea_of_head_of_femur]
synonym: "fovea capitis" BROAD [Wikipedia:Fovea_of_head_of_femur]
synonym: "fovea capitis of femoral head" EXACT []
synonym: "fovea capitis femoris" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Fovea_of_head_of_femur]
synonym: "fovea capitis femoris (caput femoris)" EXACT  [FMA:43700]
synonym: "fovea for ligament of head of femur" EXACT [FMA:43700]
xref: FMA:43700 ! fovea for ligament of head of femur
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 ! proximal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007119
name: neck of femur
def: "The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward." [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "femoral neck" RELATED [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "neck of femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "femur neck" RELATED [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "neck of the femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "femoral neck" EXACT [FMA:42385]
xref: FMA:42385 ! neck of femur
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.247.510
xref: GAID:201 ! femur neck
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006863 ! proximal metaphysis of femur
xref: ncithesaurus:Femoral_Neck ! Femoral Neck
xref: galen:NeckOfFemur
xref: SCTID:361792007 ! Entire neck of femur
synonym: "collum femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray243.png
xref: UMLS:C0015815

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004905 ! articulation
name: articulation
def: "anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts." []
synonym: "joint" NARROW []
subset: grouping_class
xref: FBbt:00005811 ! articulation
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000982
name: skeletal joint
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000101, Wikipedia:Joint]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "joint" BROAD [FMA:7490, VSAO:0000101]
synonym: "articular joint" RELATED [BTO:0001686]
synonym: "articulation" BROAD  [VSAO:0000101]
xref: FMA:7490 ! Joint
xref: GAID:102 ! joint
xref: galen:Joint
xref: VHOG:0001276 ! joint
xref: MA:0000319 ! joint
xref: MAT:0000188 ! joint
xref: MIAA:0000188 ! joint
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 ! joint
xref: AEO:0000182 ! joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000367 ! joint
xref: XAO:0000171 ! joint
xref: ZFA:0001596 ! joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Joint ! Joint
xref: BTO:0001686 ! joint
xref: EFO:0000948 ! joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583 ! joint
xref: SCTID:302536002 ! Entire joint
xref: VSAO:0000101 ! joint
is_a: UBERON:0004905 ! articulation
relationship: connects UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004770 ! articular system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
union_of: UBERON:0011134 ! nonsynovial joint
union_of: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000367", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:pem"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000101", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
xref: UMLS:C0022417

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002217
name: synovial joint
def: "Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Synovial_joint, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articulatio synoviale" EXACT []
synonym: "diarthrodial joints" RELATED PLURAL [ZFA:0005153]
synonym: "diarthroses" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0005153]
synonym: "diarthrosis" EXACT []
synonym: "diarthrosis joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7501 ! Synovial joint
xref: MA:0000322 ! synovial joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ZFA:0005153 ! synovial joint
xref: galen:SynovialJoint ! synovial joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! synovial joint
xref: EHDAA2:0003183 ! synovial joint
xref: AEO:0000183 ! synovial joint
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
xref: SCTID:113234001 ! Entire synovial joint
xref: TAO:0005153 ! synovial joint
property_value: external_definition "Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005153", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011134 ! nonsynovial joint
name: nonsynovial joint
def: "Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis." [FMA:7491]
synonym: "solid joint" EXACT  [FMA:7491]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal joint
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
xref: FMA:7491 ! nonsynovial joint


[Term]
id: UBERON:0011866
name: condylar joint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
def: "In a condyloid joint (condyloid articulation, ellipsoidal joint) an ovoid articular surface, or condyle, is received into an elliptical cavity. This permits movement in two planes, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction." [Wikipedia:Condyloid_joint]
synonym: "condylar joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Condyloid_joint]
synonym: "condyloid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Condyloid_joint]
synonym: "condyloid articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Condyloid_joint]
synonym: "condyloid joints" RELATED [Wikipedia:Condyloid_joint]
synonym: "ellipsoidal joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Condyloid_joint]
synonym: "articulatio ellipsoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Condyloid_joint]
xref: FMA:75300 ! condylar joint
xref: SCTID:335493003 ! Entire condylar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011873
name: synarthrosis
def: "A synarthrosis is a type of joint which permits very little or no movement under normal conditions. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous. Suture joints and synchondroses are synarthroses." [Wikipedia:Synarthrosis]
synonym: "synarthrodial joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Synarthrosis]
synonym: "synarthrodial" RELATED [Wikipedia:Synarthrosis]
synonym: "synarthroses" RELATED [Wikipedia:Synarthrosis]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Synarthrosis ! synarthrosis
xref: UMLS:C0699803

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011874
name: amphiarthrosis
def: "Amphiarthrosis is a type of continuous, slightly movable joint." [Wikipedia:Amphiarthrosis]
synonym: "amphiarthrodial" RELATED [Wikipedia:Amphiarthrosis]
synonym: "amphiarthroses" RELATED [Wikipedia:Amphiarthrosis]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
xref: FMA:76693 ! amphiarthrosis
xref: ncithesaurus:Amphiarthrosis ! amphiarthrosis
xref: UMLS:C0224520

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004772
name: eyelid tarsus
def: "The tarsi (tarsal plates) are two comparatively thick, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 2.5 cm. in length; one is found in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support. They directly abut the lid margins." [Wikipedia:Tarsus_(eyelids)]
comment: Taxon notes: In most taxa (birds, mammals, lizards), the tarsal plate is described as a dense, fibrous connective tissue, possibly including cartilage, present within one or both of the upper and lower eyelids (Gau- thier et al., 1988; Rieppel, 2000). In humans, the tarsal plate of the upper eyelid is composed of collagens types I, III, and V, as well as glycosaminogly- cans (chondroitin sulphate 4 and 6), aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix proteins but lacks collagen type II as well as chondrocytes (Milz et al., 2005). Thus, for humans, the upper tarsal plate represents neither a truly fibrous nor a truly cartilagi- nous element but instead one that is composed of a unique transitional tissue (Milz et al., 2005). In many birds, lizards, and Sphenodon (the tuatara), the upper eyelid has lim- ited mobility and a putative tarsal plate is instead found within the lower eyelid (Underwood, 1970; Gau- thier et al., 1988). [PMID:16496288]
synonym: "tarsus palpebralis" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
synonym: "tarsal plate" EXACT []
synonym: "tarsi" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "eyelid tarsi" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "tarsal plate of eyelid" EXACT [FMA:59086]
synonym: "tarsal plate" EXACT [FMA:59086]
xref: MA:0000270 ! eyelid tarsus
xref: FMA:59086 ! tarsal plate of eyelid
is_a: UBERON:0000094 {source="FMA"} ! membrane organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001711 {source="FMA"} ! eyelid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003581 {source="cjm"} ! eyelid connective tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
xref: ncithesaurus:Tarsal_Plate ! Tarsal Plate
xref: SCTID:362529005 ! Entire tarsal plate
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0459586

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004773
name: superior eyelid tarsus
def: "An eyelid tarsus that is part of a upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tarsus of upper eyelid" EXACT []
synonym: "tarsal plate of upper eyelid" EXACT [FMA:59087]
synonym: "superior tarsal plate" EXACT [FMA:59087]
synonym: "superior tarsus of eyelid" EXACT []
synonym: "superior tarsus" EXACT [FMA:59087]
xref: FMA:59087 ! tarsal plate of upper eyelid
xref: MA:0001260 ! superior eyelid tarsus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004772 ! eyelid tarsus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001712 ! upper eyelid
synonym: "tarsus superior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:59087]
xref: SCTID:368773004 ! Entire superior tarsal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004774
name: inferior eyelid tarsus
def: "An eyelid tarsus that is part of a lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tarsus of lower eyelid" EXACT []
synonym: "tarsal plate of lower eyelid" EXACT [FMA:59088]
synonym: "inferior tarsal plate" EXACT [FMA:59088]
synonym: "inferior tarsus of eyelid" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior tarsus" EXACT [FMA:59088]
xref: FMA:59088 ! tarsal plate of lower eyelid
xref: MA:0001257 ! inferior eyelid tarsus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004772 ! eyelid tarsus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001713 ! lower eyelid
synonym: "tarsus inferior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:59088]
xref: SCTID:368774005 ! Entire inferior tarsal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010379
name: superior tarsal muscle
def: "The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid." [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
comment: Editors note: declaring this to be both smooth muscle and part of the LPS leads to a disjointness violation (smooth muscle and striated muscle)
synonym: "mueller muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
synonym: "Muller's muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
synonym: "Müller's muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
synonym: "the superior tarsal muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
synonym: "Mueller's muscle" EXACT  [FMA:49058]
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001604 {source="FMA"} ! levator palpebrae superioris
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001712 ! upper eyelid
xref: FMA:49058 ! superior tarsal muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000013 {source="dbpedia"} ! sympathetic nervous system
synonym: "musculus tarsalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001604 {source="dbpedia", notes="underside of levator palpebrae superioris"} ! levator palpebrae superioris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gray894.png
xref: SCTID:244775007 ! Entire superior tarsal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010309
name: palpebral bone
def: "An ossified element investing the upper eyelid." [Wikipedia:Palpebral_(bone), PMID:16496288]
comment: Taxon notes: The most extreme development of the palpebral is found in the armored dino- saur Euoplocephalus tutus, where the bone forms a quarter-sphere and adducts to completely occlude the or- bit (Coombs, 1972; Vickaryous and Russell, 2003). Notwithstanding the superficially similar position, palpe- brals and tarsal plates differ both anatomically and developmentally and are not considered homologous (Gauthier et al., 1988). Editor notes PMID:16496288 says 'invests' the eyelid, is this consistent across taxa?
synonym: "palpebral" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001712 ! upper eyelid
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8457 ! Sauropsida

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000984
name: imaginal disc-derived wing
def: "A flight organ of the adult external thorax that is derived from a dorsal mesothoracic disc." [FB:gg]
comment: TODO: review. hymenoptera thorax = fusion of thorax and mesosoma/metasoma
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adult mesothoracic wing" RELATED []
synonym: "adult metathoracic wing" RELATED []
synonym: "thoracic wing" RELATED []
synonym: "wing" BROAD SENSU [FBbt:00004729]
synonym: "thorax wing" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing of thorax" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FBbt:00004729 ! wing
xref: HAO:0001089 ! wing
xref: TGMA:0000196 ! adult mesothoracic wing
is_a: UBERON:0000023 ! wing
intersection_of: UBERON:0000023 ! wing
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000939 ! imaginal disc

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000985
name: axillary vein
def: "In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein. Its tributaries include the basilic vein and cephalic vein, which are both superficial veins. It terminates at the lateral margin of the first rib, at which it becomes the subclavian vein. It is accompanied along its course by a similarly named artery, the axillary artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Axillary_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "subcostal vein" RELATED []
xref: FMA:13329 ! Axillary vein
xref: GAID:527 ! axillary vein
xref: galen:AxillaryVein
xref: MA:0002084 ! axillary vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Axillary_Vein ! Axillary Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwLSHK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! axillary vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray576.png/200px-Gray576.png
xref: EMAPA:18758 ! axillary vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.077 ! axillary vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
xref: SCTID:181389002 ! Entire axillary vein
synonym: "vena axillaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Axillary_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png
xref: UMLS:C0004456

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000987
name: haltere
def: "The capitate stalk on both sides of the thorax having developed from the dorsal metathoracic wing-buds, it is freely movable and capable of vibration, representing the hind wing of Diptera; used for flight balance." [FB:gg, ISBN:3110148986, Wikipedia:Haltere]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "balancer organ" RELATED []
xref: EFO:0000886 ! haltere
xref: FBbt:00004783 ! haltere
xref: MAT:0000203 ! haltere
xref: MIAA:0000203 ! haltere
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwL1JcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! halter
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000939 ! imaginal disc
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000914 ! organismal segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000988
name: pons
def: "Brainstrem structure that has as its parts the pontine tegmentum and basal part of pons[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Pons, FMA:67943]
comment: The pons is not present in zebrafish. In this ontology we currently have some structures which are applicable to zebrafish appearing as parts of the pons. Currently we only include the weaker dubious_for_taxon relationship ubtil this is resolved
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pons of Varolius" EXACT []
synonym: "pons Varolii" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii]
xref: BTO:0001101
xref: FMA:67943 ! Pons
xref: GAID:578 ! pon
xref: VHOG:0001176 ! pons
xref: MA:0000204 ! pons
xref: MAT:0000115 ! pons
xref: MIAA:0000115 ! pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_733 ! Pons
xref: EFO:0001394 ! pons
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gray768.png/200px-Gray768.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.600 ! pon
xref: EMAPA:17563 ! pons
xref: EV:0100253 ! pons
xref: ABA:P ! Pons
xref: BM:Pons ! pons
is_a: UBERON:0002680 ! regional part of metencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002298 ! brainstem
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 ! Danio rerio
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001896 {source="ABA"} ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:279103004 ! Entire pons
xref: EHDAA2:0004394 ! pons
xref: ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii ! Pons Varolii
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray768.png
property_value: external_definition "The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001176", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pons", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "During the embryonic development of birds and mammals, neuroblasts migrate from the cerebellum into the ventral part of the rhombencephalon and differentiate into pontine and other nuclei, which relay information from between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a conspicuous band of transverse fibers. This region is known as the pons. A pons does not differentiate in reptiles and anamniotes (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001176", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.474", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0032639

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008811 ! intromittent organ
name: intromittent organ
def: "an external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation. Intromittent organs are found most often in terrestrial species, as most aquatic species fertilize their eggs externally, although there are exceptions[WP]." [Wikipedia:Intromittent_organ]
subset: grouping_class
comment: this is a broad grouping class connecting a number of different analagous organs by their function. We place the insect aedeagus here rather than penis, although this is somewhat arbitrary given the broadness of the current definition
synonym: "aedeagus" NARROW SENSU [FBbt:00004850]
synonym: "penis" NARROW []
xref: AAO:0010255 ! intromittent organ
xref: TGMA:0000585 ! aedeagus
xref: HAO:0000091 ! aedeagus
xref: FBbt:00004850 ! aedeagus
is_a: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007620 ! copulation
subset: organ_slim
xref: TAO:0002036 ! intromittent organ
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure that is an external structure of a male organism through which sperm is transferred to a female organism during mating.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002036", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010516 ! clasper
name: clasper
def: "a male anatomical structure found some groups of animals, used in mating. Male cartilaginous fish have claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serve as intromittent organs used to channel semen into the female's cloaca during mating. The act of mating in some fish including sharks usually includes one of the claspers raised to allow water into the siphon through a specific orifice. The clasper is then inserted into the vagina, where it opens like an umbrella to anchor its position. The siphon then begins to contract expelling water and sperm. Male chimaeras have cephalic claspers on their heads, which are thought to aid in holding the female during mating" [Wikipedia:clasper]
comment: Taxon notes: the term is also used for insect claspers, but we reserve it for the elasmobranchii structure
is_a: UBERON:0008811 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intromittent organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010517
name: cephalic clasper
def: "A mace-like spiny-headed rod found on the mid-dorsal surface of heads of male Holocephali. Thought to aid in holding the female during copulation." [Wikipedia:Chimaera#Description_and_tastes, http://fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=tenaculum, http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=cephalic+clasper]
synonym: "tenaculum" RELATED []
synonym: "anterior tenaculum" RELATED []
synonym: "head clasper" RELATED [http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=head+clasper]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010516 ! clasper
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: in_median_plane_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7864 ! Chimaeriformes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010518
name: pelvic fin clasper
def: "The rod-like extension of the medial portion of the pelvic fin in male Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. Claspers are used as intromittent organs (not in clasping), the grooves on their facing surfaces together forming a tube for the transmission of sperm when the claspers are held together. The anterior proximal opening is called the apopyle, the posterior distal opening the rhipidion" [http://fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=clasper]
synonym: "clapser" RELATED []
synonym: "myxopterygium" EXACT [http://fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=clasper]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010516 ! clasper
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000152 ! pelvic fin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000989
name: penis
def: "The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external sexual organ of certain biologically male organisms, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The penis is a reproductive organ, technically an intromittent organ, and for placental mammals, additionally serves as the external organ of urination. The penis is generally found on mammals and reptiles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Penis]
comment: Most male birds (e.g., roosters and turkeys) have a cloaca (also present on the female), but not a penis. Among bird species with a penis are paleognathes (tinamous and ratites), Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans), and a very few other species (such as flamingoes). A bird penis is different in structure from mammal penises, being an erectile expansion of the cloacal wall and being erected by lymph, not blood. It is usually partially feathered and in some species features spines and brush-like filaments, and in flaccid state curls up inside the cloaca[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "phallus" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000405
xref: FMA:9707 ! Penis
xref: GAID:389 ! penis
xref: VHOG:0000727 ! penis
xref: MA:0000408 ! penis
xref: MAT:0000186 ! penis
xref: MIAA:0000186 ! penis
xref: ncithesaurus:Penis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0000987 ! penis
xref: EHDAA:9380 ! penis
xref: galen:Penis ! penis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! penis
xref: EHDAA2:0001433 ! penis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Labelled_flaccid_penis.jpg/200px-Labelled_flaccid_penis.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18682 ! penis
xref: EMAPA:18996  ! penile region
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.492 ! penis
xref: EV:0100107 ! penis
is_a: UBERON:0008811 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intromittent organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005876 {source="EHDAA2"} ! genital tubercle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004876 {source="Wikipedia"} ! urogenital ridge
xref: SCTID:265793009 ! Entire penis
subset: organ_slim
property_value: has_relational_adjective "penile" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "phallic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0030851

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008812
name: hemipenis
def: "one of a pair of intromittent organs of male squamates. Hemipenes are usually held inverted, within the body, and are everted for reproduction via erectile tissue like that in the human penis. Only one is used at a time, and some evidence indicates males alternate use between copulations. The hemipenis itself has a variety of shapes, depending on species. Often the hemipenis bears spines or hooks, in order to anchor the male within the female. Some species even have forked hemipenes (each hemipenis has two tips). Due to being everted and inverted, hemipenes do not have a completely enclosed channel for the conduction of sperm, but rather a seminal groove which seals as the erectile tissue expands" [Wikipedia:Hemipenis]
synonym: "hemipenes" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Hemipenis]
is_a: UBERON:0008811 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intromittent organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8509 ! Squamata
subset: organ_slim
xref: SCTID:27265006 ! Hemipenis structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004122
name: genitourinary system
synonym: "genitourinary tract" RELATED []
synonym: "GU tract" RELATED []
synonym: "urogenital system" EXACT []
synonym: "urogenital tract" RELATED [BTO:0003091]
synonym: "Urogenitalsystem" RELATED [BTO:0003091]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "urogenital" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "genitourinary" xsd:string
xref: BILA:0000122 ! urogenital system
xref: GAID:362 ! urogenital system
xref: XAO:0000140 ! urogenital system 
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVMgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g ! genitourinary system
xref: ncithesaurus:Genitourinary_System ! Genitourinary System
xref: BTO:0003091 ! urogenital system
xref: VHOG:0000286 ! urogenital system
xref: EMAPA:16367 ! genitourinary system
xref: AAO:0000624 ! urogenital system
xref: MESH:A05 ! urogenital system
xref: EHDAA:1013 ! urogenital system
xref: EV:0100094 ! urogenital system
xref: EFO:0003864 ! genitourinary system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 {source="AAO"} ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: galen:GenitoUrinarySystem
xref: SCTID:278861008 ! Entire genitourinary system
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000624", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000624", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: homology_notes "Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000286", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.633", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An anatomical system that has_part a reproductive system and has_part a excretory system." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0042066

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000990
name: reproductive system
def: "Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction." [Wikipedia:Reproductive_system]
comment: Editor notes: consider splitting genitalia from reproductive system
subset: uberon_slim
subset: functional_classification
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "genital system" RELATED []
synonym: "animal reproductive system" RELATED [BTO:0000081]
synonym: "Geschlechtsorgan" RELATED [BTO:0000081]
synonym: "organa genitalia" RELATED [BTO:0000081]
synonym: "reproductive tissue" RELATED [BTO:0000081]
synonym: "genitalia" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: BILA:0000103
xref: BTO:0000081
xref: EHDAA:5923 ! reproductive system
xref: FBbt:00004857 ! reproductive system
xref: FMA:7160 ! Genital system
xref: HAO:0000374 ! genitalia
xref: HAO:0000895 ! reproductive system
xref: VHOG:0000182 ! reproductive system
xref: MA:0000326 ! reproductive system
xref: MIAA:0000305 ! reproductive system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000632 ! reproductive system
xref: WBbt:0005747 ! reproductive system
xref: XAO:0000142 ! genital system
xref: ZFA:0000632 ! reproductive system
xref: ncithesaurus:Reproductive_System ! Reproductive System
xref: EFO:0000809 ! animal reproductive system
xref: GAID:363 ! genitalia
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! reproductive system
xref: EHDAA2:0001603 ! reproductive system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Penis.svg/200px-Penis.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17381 ! reproductive system (also: UBERON:0003133 'reproductive organ')
xref: EV:0100100 ! reproductive system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: has_function_in GO:0000003 ! reproduction
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
xref: AAO:0010258 ! reproductive system
xref: SCTID:278875001 ! Entire reproductive system
synonym: "systemata genitalia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Reproductive_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Penis.svg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010258", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000182", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:21672850 Extavour CGM\, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1261210

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000991
name: gonad
def: "Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis)." [ISBN:0140512888, Wikipedia:Gonad, ZFA:0000413, ZFIN:curator]
comment: FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term'
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "gonada" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000213 ! gonad
xref: BILA:0000123
xref: BTO:0000534
xref: FBbt:00004858 ! gonad
xref: FMA:18250 ! Gonad
xref: GAID:368 ! gonad
xref: HAO:0000379 ! gonad
xref: VHOG:0000397 ! gonad
xref: MA:0002420 ! gonad
xref: TAO:0000413 ! gonad
xref: WBbt:0005175 ! gonad
xref: XAO:0003146 ! gonad
xref: ZFA:0000413 ! gonad
xref: ncithesaurus:Gonad ! Gonad
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQvdiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gonad
xref: MESH:A05.360.576 ! gonad
xref: EMAPA:17383 ! gonad of reproductive system
xref: EMAPA:16857 ! gonad of genitourinary system
is_a: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000586 ! germ cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: site_of GO:0007276 ! gamete generation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005564 ! gonad primordium
xref: SCTID:304623008 ! Entire gonad
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000213", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000413", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000397", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T\, Capel B\, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "gonadal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0018067

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000992
name: female gonad
def: "Ovum-producing female reproductive organ." [Wikipedia:Ovary]
comment: Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[WP].
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ovary" EXACT []
synonym: "ovum-producing ovary" EXACT SENSU [GO:0061039]
synonym: "ovaries" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "female reproductive system gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female reproductive system gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of female reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of female reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female organism genitalia gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female organism genitalia gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female organism reproductive system gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female organism reproductive system gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "genitalia of female organism gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "genitalia of female organism gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of female organism genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of female organism reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of genitalia of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of reproductive system of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of female organism genitalia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of female organism reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of genitalia of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of reproductive system of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system of female organism gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system of female organism gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000371 ! ovary
xref: BILA:0000125
xref: BTO:0000975
xref: EHDAA:8124 ! ovary
xref: FBbt:00004865 ! ovary
xref: FMA:7209 ! Ovary
xref: GAID:367 ! ovary
xref: VHOG:0000251 ! ovary
xref: MA:0000384 ! ovary
xref: MIAA:0000125 ! ovary
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovary
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000403 ! ovary
xref: XAO:0000258 ! ovary
xref: ZFA:0000403 ! ovary
xref: EHDAA2:0001360 ! ovary
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png
xref: EMAPA:17962 ! ovary
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.114.630 ! ovary
xref: EV:0100111 ! ovary
intersection_of: UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009117 ! indifferent gonad
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:33208 ! Metazoa
xref: SCTID:181464007 ! Entire ovary
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "ovarium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ovary]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png
property_value: external_definition "Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000371", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Female reproductive organ.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000403", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass gonad (TAO:0000413) CHANGED TO: develops_from gonad (UBERON:0000991)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000403", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000251", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1093/icb/icm052 Extavour CGM\, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across the Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007)\, DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T and Capel B\, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0003975 {source="FMA-abduced-lr", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674"} ! internal female genitalia
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ovarian" xsd:string
xref: EFO:0000973 ! animal ovary
xref: UMLS:C0029939

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000993
name: oviduct
def: "passage from the ovaries to the outside of the body[Wikipedia:Oviduct]." [Wikipedia:Oviduct]
comment: Usage notes: sometimes oviduct is used interchangeably with follaopian tube. Here they are different - the oviduct connects the gonad to the outside in a variety of animals. The mammal-class fallopian tube is derived from the mullerian duct and connects the gonads to the uterus. Taxon notes: in birds divided into infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "uterine tube" EXACT []
synonym: "tuba uterina" RELATED [BTO:0000980]
synonym: "tuba uterinae" RELATED [BTO:0000980]
xref: GAID:366 ! oviduct
xref: BTO:0000980 ! oviduct
xref: VHOG:0001136 ! oviduct
xref: MAT:0000126 ! oviduct
xref: MIAA:0000126 ! oviduct
xref: TAO:0000560 ! oviduct
xref: XAO:0003052 ! oviduct
xref: ZFA:0000560 ! oviduct
xref: EFO:0000974 ! oviduct (also: UBERON:0003889 'fallopian tube')
xref: EMAPA:18984 ! oviduct
xref: MESH:A13.706 ! oviduct
is_a: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
relationship: connects UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: connects UBERON:0013514 ! space surrounding organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
xref: ncithesaurus:Oviduct ! Oviduct
xref: AAO:0010533 ! oviduct
property_value: external_definition "A passage through which ova leave the maternal body or pass to an organ communicating with the exterior of the body. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001136", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oviduct", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In all remaining vertebrates (i.e., coelacanths, lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals), the oviduct arises in ontogeny as a longitudinal, groovelike invagination of the coelomic epithelium on the lateral surface of the mesonephros.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001136", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.687-688", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0029954

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006835
name: arthropod oviduct
def: "A tube that connects ovary to the uterus." [TADS:0000415]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology. Note that this is not even analagous to the class 'oviduct' in uberon (as the oviduct is the entire tube, from gonad to outside)
xref: TADS:0000415 ! adult oviduct
xref: FBbt:00004911 ! oviduct
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="FBbt"} ! epithelial tube
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0006834 ! uterus or analog
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003889
name: fallopian tube
def: "Two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the utero-tubal junction[WP]. Embryos have two pairs of ducts to let gametes out of the body; one pair (the Mullerian ducts) develops in females into the Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina, while the other pair (the Wolffian ducts) develops in males into the epididymis and vas deferens." [Wikipedia:Fallopian_tube]
comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fallopian_tube#Homology
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "salpinx" BROAD []
synonym: "salpinges" BROAD PLURAL []
synonym: "fallopian tubes" RELATED []
synonym: "mammalian oviduct" EXACT [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3293337&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
synonym: "uterine tube (sensu Mammalia)" EXACT []
synonym: "female paramesonephric duct" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000504]
xref: FMA:18245 ! Uterine tube
xref: GAID:365 ! fallopian tube
xref: galen:FallopianTube
xref: ncithesaurus:Fallopian_Tube
xref: MA:0000385 ! oviduct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViVeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0000974 ! oviduct (also: UBERON:0000993 'oviduct')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViVeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! fallopian tube
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg/200px-Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg.png
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.114.373 ! fallopian tube
xref: EV:0100112 ! uterine tube
xref: EHDAA2:0000504 ! female paramesonephric duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003890 ! mullerian duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000993 ! oviduct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
relationship: connects UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: connects UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:181463001 ! Entire fallopian tube
synonym: "tuba uterina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fallopian_tube]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0003975 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! internal female genitalia
xref: UMLS:C0015560

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011283
name: epoophoron
def: "A remnant of the Mesonephric duct that can be found next to the ovary and fallopian tube." [Wikipedia:Epoophoron]
synonym: "epoöphoron" RELATED [Wikipedia:Epoophoron]
synonym: "epooephoron" RELATED [Wikipedia:Epoophoron]
synonym: "organ of Rosenmüller" RELATED [Wikipedia:Epoophoron]
synonym: "organ of rosenmueller" RELATED [Wikipedia:Epoophoron]
synonym: "organ of rosenmuller" RELATED [Wikipedia:Epoophoron]
synonym: "parovarium" RELATED [Wikipedia:Epoophoron]
synonym: "organ of Rosenmuller" EXACT  [FMA:18691]
is_a: UBERON:0006590 {source="FMA"} ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003074 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesonephric duct
relationship: sexually_homologous_to UBERON:0001301 {source="Wikipedia"} ! epididymis
xref: FMA:18691 ! epoophoron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013248
name: paradidymis
def: "A small collection of convoluted tubules, situated in front of the lower part of the cord above the head of the epididymis. These tubes are lined with columnar ciliated epithelium, and probably represent the remains of a part of the Wolffian body but are functionless and vestigial. The Wolffian body operates as a kidney (metanephros) in fishes and amphibians, but the corresponding tissue is co-opted to form parts of the male reproductive system in other classes of vertebrate. The paradidymis represents a remnant of an unused, atrophied part of the Wolffian body[WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Paradidymis]
is_a:  UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000083 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesonephric tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
synonym: "organ of Giraldés" EXACT  []
synonym: "organ of Giraldes" EXACT  [FMA:74055]
synonym: "Waldeyer's organ" EXACT  [FMA:74055]
xref: FMA:74055 ! paradidymis
xref: SCTID:279643005 ! Entire paradidymis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013249
name: paroophoron
def: "A collection of a few scattered rudimentary tubules child, situated in the broad ligament between the epoophoron and the uterus." [Wikipedia:Paroophoron]
synonym: "paroöphoron" RELATED [Wikipedia:Paroophoron]
synonym: "parooephoron" RELATED [Wikipedia:Paroophoron]
is_a:  UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000083 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesonephric tubule
synonym: "Kobelt's tubules" EXACT  [FMA:18692]
is_a: UBERON:0006590 {source="FMA"} ! vestigial embryonic structure
xref: FMA:18692 ! paroophoron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002247
name: uterine horn
def: "The uterine horns are the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet. It is one of the points of attachment for the round ligament of uterus (the other being the mons pubis). The uterine horns are far more prominent in other animals than they are in humans[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Uterine_horns]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77053 ! Uterine horn
xref: MA:0000393 ! uterine horn
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Illu_female_pelvis.jpg/200px-Illu_female_pelvis.jpg
xref: BTO:0004235 ! uterine horn
xref: EMAPA:18985 ! uterine horn
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000995 {source="MA"} ! uterus
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003889 ! fallopian tube
xref: SCTID:245480007 ! Entire horn of uterus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Illu_female_pelvis.jpg
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003890
alt_id: UBERON:0005318
name: Mullerian duct
def: "paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM]." [Wikipedia:Paramesonephric_duct, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio/courses/bio205/bio205_26_sex.html, GO:0061205]
comment: Development notes: Sertoli cells secrete anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) inducing the demise of this duct
synonym: "paramesonephric duct" EXACT [EMAPA:27665]
synonym: "Müllerian duct" EXACT []
synonym: "Muellerian duct" EXACT []
synonym: "ductus paramesonephricus" EXACT []
synonym: "early paramesonephric duct" NARROW [EHDAA2:0004048]
xref: GAID:1309 ! mullerian duct
xref: XAO:0000330 ! Mullerian duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Mullerian_Duct ! Mullerian Duct
xref: VHOG:0001199 ! paramesonephric duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray1109.png/200px-Gray1109.png
xref: MESH:A16.254.570 ! mullerian duct
xref: EMAPA:27665 ! paramesonephric duct
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001399 ! paramesonephric ducts
xref: EHDAA2:0004048 ! early paramesonephric duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: AAO:0010141 ! Mullerian duct
xref: SCTID:308802006 ! Entire paramesonephric duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray1109.png
property_value: external_definition "Transient developmental organ which gives rise to oviducts in female (documented to persist in some male frogs).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010141", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:RED"}
property_value: external_definition "Either of the paired embryonic ducts developing into the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and becoming largely obliterated in the male. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001199", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/paramesonephric+duct", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In females, the archinephric (mesonephric) ducts tend to function only within the urinary systems. The muellerian duct arises embryologically next to the archinephric (wolffian) duct. In males, the muellerian duct regresses if it appears at all, but in females, the muellerian ducts become the oviducts of the reproductive system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001199", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.559", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0026732

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000994
name: spermathecum
def: "an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates.[1] Its purpose is to receive and store sperm from the male, and can sometimes be the site of fertilization when the oocytes are ready.[2] Some species have multiple spermathecae, as seen in earthworms, where four pairs of spermathecae are present. One pair in 6,7,8 and 9 segments. They receive and store the spermatozoa of another earthworm during copulation.[3] They are lined with epithelium and are variable in shape; some are thin, heavily coiled tubes, others are vague outpocketings from the main reproductive tract. It is one of the many variations in sexual reproduction[WP]. an accordion-like tube that contains sperm and is the site of oocyte fertilization." [Wikipedia:Spermatheca]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "seminal receptacle" RELATED []
synonym: "spermatheca" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "receptaculum seminis" RELATED [BTO:0001273]
xref: FBbt:00004921 ! spermathecum
xref: MAT:0000168 ! spermathecum
xref: MIAA:0000168 ! spermathecum
xref: WBbt:0005319 ! spermatheca
xref: EFO:0000977 ! spermathecum
xref: BTO:0001273 ! spermatheca 
xref: HAO:0000945 ! spermatheca
xref: TGMA:0000560 ! spermatheca
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000995
name: uterus
def: "a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation, usually developing completely in placental mammals such as humans and partially in marsupials such as kangaroos and opossums. Two uteruses usually form initially in a female fetus, and in placental mammals they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteruses, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, along with horses, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals the uteruses may not have completely fused[WP]." [Wikipedia:Uterus]
comment: Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle "vagina" which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline "placenta" (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a "true" placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream.
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:17558 ! Uterus
xref: GAID:172 ! uterus
xref: VHOG:0001137 ! uterus
xref: MA:0000389 ! uterus
xref: MAT:0000127 ! uterus
xref: MIAA:0000127 ! uterus
xref: ncithesaurus:Uterus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0001424 ! uterus
xref: EFO:0000975 ! uterus
xref: galen:Uterus ! uterus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! uterus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png
xref: EMAPA:29915 ! uterus
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.679 ! uterus
xref: EV:0100113 ! uterus
is_a: UBERON:0013515 {source="cjm"} ! zone of uterine tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004175 ! internal genitalia
relationship: transformation_of UBERON:0005795 ! embryonic uterus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32525 ! Theria
xref: SCTID:181452004 ! Entire uterus
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Female_reproductive_system_lateral_nolabel.png
property_value: external_definition "The hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the blastocyst normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished. Its cavity opens into the vagina below and into a uterine tube on either side. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001137", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/uterus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "An infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina also differentiate along the oviducts of eutherian mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001137", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.678", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "uterine" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0042149

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006834 ! uterus or analog
name: uterus or analog
def: "A subdivision of a the reproductive tract in a female organism that is the site of embryo development." []
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "uterus" BROAD SENSU [FBbt:00004924]
xref: FBbt:00004924 ! uterus
xref: WBbt:0006760 ! uterus
xref: TADS:0000421 ! adult uterus
intersection_of: UBERON:0013522 ! subdivision of tube
intersection_of: site_of GO:0009790 ! embryo development
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:33208 ! Metazoa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009098
name: gravid uterus
def: "The uterus in pregnancy" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gravid+uterus]
synonym: "womb" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
intersection_of: contains UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009097 ! gravid organism
relationship: site_of GO:0007565 ! female pregnancy
xref: ncithesaurus:Gravid_Uterus ! Gravid Uterus
xref: ncithesaurus:Pregnant_Uterus ! pregnant uterus
xref: SCTID:362253003 ! Entire gravid uterus
xref: UMLS:C1514389

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005795 ! embryonic uterus
name: embryonic uterus
synonym: "fetal uterus" EXACT [FMA:72173]
xref: FMA:72173 ! fetal uterus
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
xref: SCTID:255782009 ! Entire fetal uterus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005796
name: duplex uterus
def: "the duplex uterus is doubled, and is found in monotremes, marsupials, elephants and rodents" [http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap14.html]
is_a: UBERON:0000995 ! uterus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005797
name: bipartite uterus
def: "the bipartite uterus is y-shaped externally and divided internally (ungulates, carnivores)" [http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap14.html]
is_a: UBERON:0000995 ! uterus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005798
name: bicornuate uterus
def: "the bicornate uterus is y-shaped but has no internal partition (some ungulates, whales)" [http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap14.html, Wikipedia:Bicornuate_uterus, Wikipedia:Uterus#Forms_in_mammals]
synonym: "bicornate uterus" EXACT []
synonym: "uterus with two horns" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000995 ! uterus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005799
name: simplex uterus
def: "the simplex uterus has only one uterine chamber (primates)" [http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap14.html]
is_a: UBERON:0000995 ! uterus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006955
name: uterine epithelium
synonym: "uterus epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0003082]
xref: BTO:0003082 ! uterine epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
def: "An epithelium that is part of a uterus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000996
name: vagina
def: "a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP]." [Wikipedia:Vagina, FMA:19949]
comment: Taxon notes (via vHOG): "The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.688
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vaginae" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "distal oviductal region" RELATED []
synonym: "distal portion of oviduct" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000243
xref: FMA:19949 ! Vagina
xref: GAID:381 ! vagina
xref: VHOG:0001138 ! vagina
xref: MA:0000394 ! vagina
xref: MAT:0000128 ! vagina
xref: MIAA:0000128 ! vagina
xref: ncithesaurus:Vagina
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj1B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0000976 ! vagina
xref: galen:Vagina ! vagina
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj1B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vagina
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vaginal_opening_-_english_description.jpg/200px-Vaginal_opening_-_english_description.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18986 ! vagina
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.779 ! vagina
xref: EV:0100117 ! vagina
is_a: UBERON:0013515 {source="cjm"} ! zone of uterine tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003975 {source="FMA"} ! internal female genitalia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000164 {source="Wikipedia"} ! primitive urogenital sinus
xref: SCTID:181441005 ! Entire vagina
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Illu_repdt_female.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The genital canal in the female, leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001138", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vagina", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: external_definition "Organ with organ cavity which connects the cervical canal of uterus to the vestibule of vagina.[FMA]" xsd:string {ontology="FMA", external_class="FMA:19949", date_retrieved="2012-11-29"}
property_value: homology_notes "The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001138", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.688", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "vaginal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0042232

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013523
name: lateral vaginal canal
def: "One of two lateral tracts connecting a uterus to a common median tract separated from the median vagina via ureters which prevent their fusion. Found in marsupials" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lateral vagina" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral vaginae" EXACT PLURAL []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
intersection_of: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0003975 ! internal female genitalia
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0013524 ! median vagina
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9263 {editor="cjm"} ! Metatheria
relationship: channel_for  UBERON:0001968 {notes="the lateral vaginae serve as transport for the sperm"} ! semen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013524
name: median vaginal canal
def: "A median canal in the reproductive system of marsupials that connects the uteri to a common tract, joining with the two lateral vaginas. Connects the uterine openings directly with the urogenital sinus" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "midline birth canal" RELATED []
synonym: "median vagina" EXACT []
synonym: "central vagina" EXACT []
synonym: "central pseudovaginal canal" EXACT []
synonym: "median pseudovaginal canal" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
intersection_of: in_median_plane_of UBERON:0003975 ! internal female genitalia
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0013523 ! lateral vagina
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9263 {editor="cjm"} ! Metatheria
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000997
name: mammalian vulva
def: "external genital organs of the female mammal[WP]." [Wikipedia:Vulva]
comment: editor note: todo - add pudendum
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "mammalian vulva" EXACT []
synonym: "skin of female pudendum" EXACT []
synonym: "skin of vulva" EXACT []
synonym: "vulva" EXACT [MA:0000395]
synonym: "female pudendum" EXACT  [FMA:20462]
synonym: "pudendum femininum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:20462]
synonym: "puboperineal region" EXACT  [FMA:20462]
synonym: "female pudendum" EXACT [BTO:0003101]
xref: BTO:0003101 ! female pudendum
xref: FMA:20462 ! Vulva
xref: GAID:383 ! vulva
xref: VHOG:0001458 ! vulva
xref: MA:0000395 ! vulva
xref: MAT:0000169 ! vulva
xref: MIAA:0000169 ! vulva
xref: ncithesaurus:Vulva
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgAWeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0000978 ! vulva
xref: galen:Vulva ! vulva
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgAWeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vulva
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.887 ! vulva
xref: EV:0100118 ! vulva
xref: SCTID:265796001 ! Entire vulva
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005056 ! external female genitalia
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
synonym: "pudendum femininum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vulva]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Female_unshaved_genitalia.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The external genital organs of the female, including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule of the vagina. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001458", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vulva", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "vulval" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0042993

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005295 ! sex cord
name: sex cord
def: "Cordlike masses of epithelial tissue that invaginate from germinal epithelium of the gonad and give rise to seminiferous tubules and rete testes in the male, and primary ovarian follicles and rete ovarii in the female." [http://www.answers.com/topic/sex-cord, Wikipedia:Sex_cords]
synonym: "primitive sex cord" RELATED []
synonym: "gonad cord" RELATED []
synonym: "gonadal cord" RELATED []
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001523 ! primitive sex cords
is_a: UBERON:0005154 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005294 ! genital ridge
xref: EHDAA2:0004051 ! primitive sex cords (also: UBERON:0010141 'primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad')
xref: SCTID:343823004 ! Entire primitive sex cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Gonadal_Cord ! gonadal cord
xref: UMLS:C1512242

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010141 ! primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad
name: primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad
comment: Usage notes: note that this represents the indifferent structure. 
intersection_of: UBERON:0005295 ! sex cord
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009117 {source="EHDAA2"} ! indifferent gonad
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005891 {source="EHDAA2"} ! coelomic epithelium
synonym: "indifferent sex cord" EXACT []
synonym: "primitive sex cords" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004051]
xref: EHDAA2:0004051 ! primitive sex cords (also: UBERON:0005295 'sex cord')
def: "A sex cord that is part of a indifferent gonad." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005296 ! ovary sex cord
name: ovary sex cord
def: "structures that develop from sex cords in the female. After further development they become the ovarian follicles." [Wikipedia:Cortical_cords]
comment: TODO check secondary vs cortical vs ovary
synonym: "ovary primitive sex cord" RELATED []
synonym: "cortical sex cord" RELATED []
synonym: "cortical cord" RELATED []
synonym: "secondary cord" RELATED []
synonym: "ovigerous cords" EXACT PLURAL [VHOG:0001339]
synonym: "ovigerous cord" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001363 ! ovary primitive sex cords
xref: EHDAA:8130 ! primitive sex cords
xref: VHOG:0001339 ! ovigerous cords
intersection_of: UBERON:0005295 ! sex cord
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010141 ! primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad
xref: ncithesaurus:Cortical_Cord ! Cortical Cord
xref: UMLS:C1511527

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005297 ! testis sex cord
name: testis sex cord
def: "The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals[WP]." [Wikipedia:Testis_cords]
comment: check primary vs testis
synonym: "testis cord" EXACT [MP:0006424]
synonym: "testis primitive sex cord" RELATED []
synonym: "primary sex cord" RELATED []
synonym: "testis primary sex cords" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002011]
xref: EHDAA2:0002011 ! testis primary sex cords
xref: EHDAA:8152 ! primitive sex cords
xref: EMAPA:29098 ! primary sex cord
xref: VHOG:0001321 ! testis cords
intersection_of: UBERON:0005295 ! sex cord
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000473 ! testis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010141 ! primitive sex cord of indifferent gonad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001343 ! seminiferous tubule of testis
name: seminiferous tubule of testis
def: "Seminiferous tubules are located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. The epithelium of the tubule consists of sustentacular or Sertoli cells, which are tall, columnar type cells that line the tubule. In between the Sertoli cells are spermatogenic cells, which differentiate through meiosis to sperm cells. There are two types: convoluted and straight. convuluted towards the lateral side and straight as the tubule comes medially to form ducts which will exit the testis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Seminiferous_tubule]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tubuli seminiferi" EXACT []
synonym: "testis - seminiferous tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "seminiferous tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "seminiferous cord" EXACT [EMAPA:18685]
xref: BTO:0001235
xref: FMA:19825 ! Seminiferous tubule of testis
xref: GAID:400 ! seminiferous tubule
xref: VHOG:0001363 ! seminiferous tubule
xref: MA:0000412 ! seminiferous tubule
xref: MAT:0000503 ! seminiferous tubule
xref: XAO:0003088 ! seminiferous tubule
xref: ncithesaurus:Seminiferous_Tubule ! Seminiferous Tubule
xref: EFO:0001404 ! seminiferous tubules
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gray1145.png/200px-Gray1145.png
xref: EMAPA:31476 ! Seminiferous tubule
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.849.700 ! seminiferous tubule
xref: EV:0100380 ! seminiferous tubule
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000473 ! testicle
relationship: site_of GO:0007126 ! meiosis
relationship: site_of GO:0007283 ! spermatogenesis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005297 {source="Wikipedia"} ! testis sex cord
relationship: channel_for CL:0000019 ! sperm
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0003959 ! rete testis
xref: ncithesaurus:Seminiferous_Cord ! Seminiferous Cord
xref: AAO:0010399 ! seminiferous tubule
xref: SCTID:279614002 ! Entire seminiferous tubule
xref: EMAPA:18685 ! seminiferous cord
synonym: "tubuli seminiferi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Seminiferous_tubule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Any of the coiled tubules located in the testes in which spermatozoa are produced.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010399", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "One of two or three twisted curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatogenesis occurs. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001363", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/SEMINIFEROUS+TUBULE", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Frogs among amphibians and the amniotes have males with testes that are composed of seminiferous tubules, which differ from ampullae in being long, highly convoluted ductules.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001363", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.688 and Figure 21-28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1519236
xref: UMLS:C0036630

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004813
name: seminiferous tubule epithelium
def: "The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (spermatogonia) and supporting sertoli cells. As spermatogenesis proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. The adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains spermatocytes and the more advanced germ cells[GAID]." [Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male)]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of seminiferous tubule of testis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of seminiferous tubule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of seminiferous tubule of testis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminiferous tubule epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminiferous epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0001811]
synonym: "male germinal epithelium" EXACT [Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male)]
synonym: "germinal epithelium (male)" EXACT [Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male)]
synonym: "wall of seminiferous tubule" EXACT [Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(male)]
synonym: "testis germinal epithelium" EXACT [VHOG:0000631]
xref: MA:0001748 ! seminiferous tubule epithelium
xref: FMA:19885 ! Epithelium of seminiferous tubule of testis
xref: BTO:0001811 ! seminiferous epithelium
xref: GAID:401 ! seminiferous epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000631 ! testis germinal epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002009 ! testis germinal epithelium
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.849.700.700 ! seminiferous epithelium
xref: EHDAA:8148 ! germinal epithelium of testis
is_a: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001343 ! part_of seminiferous tubule of testis
relationship: has_part CL:0000020 ! spermatogonium
relationship: has_part CL:0000216 ! Sertoli cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Seminiferous_Epithelium ! Seminiferous Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0036629

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003959 ! rete testis
name: rete testis
def: "An anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia[WP]." [MP:0006416, Wikipedia:Rete_testis]
comment: Editors note: add more specific classification e.g. anastomosing network - consider FMA:3726
synonym: "Haller's rete" EXACT [FMA:19834]
xref: FMA:19834 ! rete testis
xref: EMAPA:18332 ! rete testis
xref: GAID:399 ! rete testis
xref: ncithesaurus:Rete_Testis ! Rete Testis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg/200px-Hodenschema.svg.png
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.849.600 ! rete testis
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005051 ! mediastinum testis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005297 {source="Wikipedia"} ! testis sex cord
relationship: channel_for CL:0000019 ! sperm
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001343 ! seminiferous tubule of testis
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0006946 ! efferent duct
xref: SCTID:279617009 ! Entire rete testis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg
xref: UMLS:C0035278

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006946 ! efferent duct
name: efferent duct
def: "The efferent ducts (or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes) connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis. The ductuli are unilaminar and composed of columnar ciliated and non-ciliated (absorptive) cells. The ciliated cells serve to stir the luminal fluids, possibly to help ensure homogeneous absorption of water from the fluid produced by the testis, which results in an increase in the concentration of luminal sperm. The epithelium is surrounded by a band of smooth muscle that helps to propel the sperm toward the epididymis." [Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts]
comment: AO notes: Check EMAPA. Taxon notes: There are two basic designs for efferent ductule structure:    a) multiple entries into the epididymis, as seen in most large mammals. In humans and other large mammals, there are approximately 15-20 efferent ducts, which also occupy nearly one third of the head of the epididymis.    b) single entry, as seen in most small animals such as rodents, whereby the 3-6 ductules merge into a single small ductule prior to entering the epididymis
synonym: "seminal duct" EXACT []
synonym: "efferent ductule" EXACT [Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts]
synonym: "efferent ductule" EXACT [FMA:19081]
synonym: "vasa efferentia" RELATED [AAO:0010532, Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts]
synonym: "ductuli efferentes testis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts]
xref: MA:0000398 ! efferent duct
xref: FMA:19081 ! efferent ductule
xref: EMAPA:18993 ! efferent duct of seminal vesicle
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006947 {source="FMA"} ! male genital duct
relationship: channel_for CL:0000019 ! sperm
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0003959 ! rete testis
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
xref: ncithesaurus:Efferent_Ductule ! Efferent Duct
xref: AAO:0010532 ! efferent ductules
synonym: "ductuli efferentes testis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Efferent_ducts]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg
property_value: external_definition "Any of a group ranging from one to twelve (varies in species) small seminal ducts per testis which transport sperm from the testes to the kidney.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010532", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0228013

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006948
name: efferent duct epithelium
synonym: "epithelium of efferent ductule of testis" EXACT [FMA:19195]
xref: MA:0001734 ! efferent duct epithelium
xref: FMA:19195 ! epithelium of efferent ductule of testis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006946 ! efferent duct
def: "An epithelium that is part of a efferent duct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
name: epididymis
def: "A narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens." [Wikipedia:Epididymis]
comment: Taxon notes: A similar, but probably non-homologous, structure is found in cartilaginous fishes[WP]. Kardong has epididymis in elasmobranch.Structures notes: Typically divided into three main regions. In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis, which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and mammals. The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "epididymus" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000408
xref: FMA:18255 ! Epididymis
xref: GAID:397 ! epididymis
xref: galen:Epididymis
xref: VHOG:0001265 ! epididymis
xref: MA:0000397 ! epididymis
xref: MAT:0000130 ! epididymus
xref: MIAA:0000130 ! epididymus
xref: ncithesaurus:Epididymis
xref: EFO:0000982 ! epididymus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_testis_surface.jpg/200px-Illu_testis_surface.jpg
xref: EMAPA:19290 ! epididymis
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.849.286 ! epididymis
xref: EV:0100103 ! epididymis
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006947 {source="FMA"} ! male genital duct
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003074 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesonephric duct
relationship: channel_for CL:0000019 ! sperm
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0006946 ! efferent duct
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0001000 ! vas deferens
xref: SCTID:181432000 ! Entire epididymis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illu_testis_surface.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epididymal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014533

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001000 ! vas deferens
name: vas deferens
def: "duct that transports sperm from the testis. In mammals this is from the epididymis." [Wikipedia:Vas_deferens]
comment: Taxon notes (from WP): Most vertebrates have some form of duct to transfer the sperm from the testes to the urethra. In cartilaginous fish and amphibians, sperm is carried through the archinephric duct, which also partially helps to transport urine from the kidneys. In teleosts, there is a distinct sperm duct, separate from the ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans. In cartilaginous fishes, the part of the archinephric duct closest to the testis is coiled up to form an epididymis. Below this are a number of small glands secreting components of the seminal fluid. The final portion of the duct also receives ducts from the kidneys in most species. In amniotes, however, the archinephric duct has become a true vas deferens, and is used only for conducting sperm, never urine. As in cartilaginous fish, the upper part of the duct forms the epididymis. In many species, the vas deferens ends in a small sac for storing sperm. The only vertebrates to lack any structure resembling a vas deferens are the primitive jawless fishes, which release sperm directly into the body cavity, and then into the surrounding water through a simple opening in the body wall.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "deferent duct" EXACT []
synonym: "ductus deferens" EXACT [Wikipedia:Vas_deferens]
synonym: "sperm duct" RELATED []
synonym: "vas deferen" EXACT []
synonym: "vasa deferentia" RELATED []
xref: FMA:19234 ! Deferent duct
xref: GAID:404 ! vas deferen
xref: MA:0000413 ! vas deferens
xref: MIAA:0000129 ! ductus deferens
xref: ncithesaurus:Vas_Deferens ! Vas Deferens
xref: BTO:0001427 ! vas deferens
xref: EFO:0000981 ! ductus deferens
xref: VHOG:0001135 ! ductus deferens
xref: galen:VasDeferens ! vas deferens
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvjv7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vas deferens
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Male_anatomy_en.svg/200px-Male_anatomy_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18681 ! ductus deferens
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.930 ! vas deferen
xref: EV:0100105 ! vas deferens
xref: SCTID:245467009 ! Entire vas deferens
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006947 ! male genital duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005352 {source="FMA"} ! spermatic cord
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001968 ! semen
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0000999 ! ejaculatory duct
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 ! Amniota
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Male_anatomy_en.svg
property_value: homology_notes "The continuation of the archinephric duct, now called the deferent duct, extends caudally to the cloaca or to the part of the mammalian urethra that is derived from the cloaca.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001135", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.670", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0042360

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000999 ! ejaculatory duct
name: ejaculatory duct
def: "The Ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male anatomy, about 2 cm in length. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ejaculatory_duct]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ductus ejaculatorius" EXACT [BTO:0001580]
synonym: "ductus ejaculatorii" EXACT PLURAL [BTO:0001580]
xref: FMA:19325 ! Ejaculatory duct
xref: GAID:388 ! ejaculatory duct
xref: MAT:0000170 ! ejaculatory duct
xref: MIAA:0000170 ! ejaculatory duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Ejaculatory_Duct ! Ejaculatory Duct
xref: BTO:0001580 ! ejaculatory duct
xref: EFO:0000985 ! ejaculatory duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOt7MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ejaculatory duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_anatomy.png/200px-Male_anatomy.png
xref: EMAPA:19088 ! ejaculatory duct
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.251 ! ejaculatory duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
relationship: has_function_in GO:0042713 ! sperm ejaculation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0010143 ! seminal vesicle fluid
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001968 ! semen
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001000 ! vas deferens
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0000998 ! seminal vesicle
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
xref: SCTID:279665005 ! Entire ejaculatory duct
synonym: "ductus ejaculatorii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ejaculatory_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Male_anatomy.png
xref: UMLS:C0013747

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006953
name: ejaculatory duct epithelium
def: "The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands." [PMID:1238970]
comment: TODO: split off insect classes
xref: BTO:0002618 ! ejaculatory duct epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000999 ! ejaculatory duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000998
name: seminal vesicle
def: "Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct." [BTO:0001234, Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle]
comment: Function notes: The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. Lipofuscin granules from dead epithelial cells give the secretion its yellowish color. About 50-70%[2] of the seminal fluid in humans originates from the seminal vesicles, but is not expelled in the first ejaculate fractions which are dominated by spermatozoa and zinc-rich prostatic fluid.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gon_male_sves" RELATED []
synonym: "seminal gland" BROAD []
synonym: "vas efferens" RELATED []
synonym: "vesicul%c3%a6 seminales" RELATED [Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle]
synonym: "vesicula seminalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle]
synonym: "vesiculae seminales" RELATED [Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle]
synonym: "vesicular gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle]
synonym: "vesicular glands" RELATED [Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle]
synonym: "vesicular seminalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle]
synonym: "glandula seminalis" RELATED [BTO:0001234]
synonym: "glandula vesiculosa" RELATED [BTO:0001234]
synonym: "vesicula seminalis" RELATED [BTO:0001234]
xref: BTO:0001234
xref: FMA:19386 ! Seminal vesicle
xref: GAID:394 ! seminal vesicle
xref: VHOG:0001379 ! seminal vesicle
xref: MA:0000410 ! seminal vesicle
xref: MAT:0000171 ! seminal vesicle
xref: MIAA:0000171 ! seminal vesicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Seminal_Vesicle ! Seminal Vesicle
xref: EFO:0000986 ! seminal vesicle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwTtRpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! seminal vesicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Male_anatomy_en.svg/200px-Male_anatomy_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:19180 ! seminal vesicle
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.713 ! seminal vesicle
xref: EV:0100106 ! seminal vesicle
is_a: UBERON:0006868 ! seminal gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000473 ! testicle
relationship: secretes UBERON:0010143 ! seminal vesicle fluid
xref: AAO:0010788 ! seminal vesicle
xref: SCTID:181434004 ! Entire seminal vesicle
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "vesiculæ seminales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Seminal_vesicle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Male_anatomy_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Either of a pair of pouchlike glands situated on each side of the male urinary bladder that secrete seminal fluid and nourish and promote the movement of spermatozoa through the urethra. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001379", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prominence", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (In mammalian testis) Along the way (the sperm travel), three accessory sex glands, the seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland, respectively, add their secretions as sperm move from the testes to the urethra.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001379", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.556", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0036628

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005903
name: duct of seminal vesicle
def: "Each seminal vesicle consists of a single tube, coiled upon itself, and giving off several irregular cecal diverticula; the separate coils, as well as the diverticula, are connected together by fibrous tissue. When uncoiled, the tube is about the diameter of a quill, and varies in length from 10 to 15 cm.; it ends posteriorly in a cul-de-sac; its anterior extremity becomes constricted into a narrow straight duct called the excretory duct of seminal gland (or duct of the seminal vesicle), which joins with the corresponding ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct[WP]." [Wikipedia:Excretory_duct_of_seminal_gland]
synonym: "ductus excretorius (vesicula seminalis)" EXACT [FMA:19473]
synonym: "excretory duct of seminal gland" EXACT [FMA:19473]
synonym: "seminal vesicle duct" EXACT [FMA:19473]
synonym: "ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19473]
xref: FMA:19473 ! duct of seminal vesicle
xref: EMAPA:29282 ! duct of the seminal vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000998 ! seminal vesicle
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0010143 ! seminal vesicle fluid
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0000999 ! ejaculatory duct
xref: SCTID:279675008 ! Entire duct of seminal vesicle
synonym: "ductus excretorius glandulae vesiculosae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Excretory_duct_of_seminal_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray1160.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007194
name: vesicular gland
def: "The vesicular gland is part of the male reproductive system. The vesicular gland contributes fluids, energy substrates, and buffers to semen. It can be found near the Coagulating gland, which also belongs to the reproductive system." [BTO:0003717]
comment: todo - check this agaist seminal vesicle
xref: BTO:0003717 ! vesicular gland
xref: MA:0000405 ! vesicular gland
is_a: UBERON:0010147 ! male accessory sex gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Vesicular_Gland ! Vesicular Gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008807
name: coagulating gland
is_a: UBERON:0010147 ! male accessory sex gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002367 {source="EMAPA", not_supported_by="MA"} ! prostate gland
xref: BTO:0000265 ! coagulating gland
xref: EMAPA:29794 ! anterior prostate gland
synonym: "anterior prostate gland" EXACT [EMAPA:29794]
synonym: "prostate gland anterior lobe" RELATED  [MA:0000402]
xref: MA:0000402 ! coagulating gland
xref: SCTID:78779004 ! Coagulating gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Coagulating_Gland ! Coagulating Gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006868
name: seminal fluid secreting gland
xref: FBbt:00004958 ! seminal vesicle
xref: WBbt:0006870 ! seminal vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0006530 ! seminal fluid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006947 ! male genital duct
subset: organ_slim
subset: grouping_class
def: "A gland that secretes a seminal fluid." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005904
name: duct of male reproductive system
comment: groups the individual ducts in a variety of species
subset: grouping_class
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
def: "A duct that is part of a male reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006947 ! male genital duct
alt_id: UBERON:0010140
name: male genital duct
def: "A duct or series of ducts that transports sperm from the gonad. In mammals this is from the seminiferous tubules through rete testis, vas efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens, ejeculatory duct to the urethra." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: we use this as a generic grouping class for a number of taxa. AO notes: in FMA includes as parts: seminal vesicle, efferent ductule (vas efferentia), epididymis, deferent duct (vas deferens), ejaculatory duct
xref: FMA:55678 ! male genital duct
xref: ZFA:0001268 ! sperm duct
synonym: "sperm duct" EXACT [ZFA:0001268]
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004054 ! internal male genitalia
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001968 ! semen
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0000473 ! testis
subset: grouping_class
xref: TAO:0001268 ! sperm duct
synonym: "sperm ducts" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001268]
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0004054 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! internal male genitalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001004
name: respiratory system
def: "Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration." [Wikipedia:Respiratory_system]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: functional_classification
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius" EXACT []
synonym: "respiratory system" EXACT []
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius " RELATED [BTO:0000203]
synonym: "Atmungssystem" RELATED [BTO:0000203]
xref: AAO:0000541 ! respiratory_system
xref: BTO:0000203
xref: EFO:0000804 ! respiratory system
xref: EHDAA:2203 ! respiratory system
xref: FMA:7158 ! Respiratory system
xref: GAID:78 ! respiratory system
xref: VHOG:0000202 ! respiratory system
xref: MA:0000327 ! respiratory system
xref: MAT:0000030 ! respiratory system
xref: MIAA:0000030 ! respiratory system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000272 ! respiratory system
xref: XAO:0000117 ! respiratory system
xref: ZFA:0000272 ! respiratory system
xref: ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System ! Respiratory System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! respiratory system
xref: EHDAA2:0001604 ! respiratory system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg/200px-Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:16727 ! respiratory system
xref: MESH:A04 ! respiratory system
xref: EV:0100036 ! respiratory system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007585 ! respiratory gaseous exchange
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:147099 {source="Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha"} ! Acoelomorpha
xref: SCTID:278197002 ! Entire respiratory system
synonym: "systema respiratorium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Respiratory_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000541", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000202", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.599 and Figure 18-23", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0035237

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000065
name: respiratory tract
def: "anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts" [UBERON:cjm]
xref: VHOG:0000393 ! respiratory tract
xref: EHDAA:1568 ! respiratory tract
xref: EHDAA:2219 ! respiratory tract
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! respiratory tract
xref: EHDAA2:0001606 ! respiratory tract
xref: EMAPA:16737 ! respiratory tract
is_a: UBERON:0001005 ! respiratory airway
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008947 ! respiratory primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007026 {source="NBK10107"} ! primitive gut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
xref: SCTID:361110005 ! Entire respiratory tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001005
name: respiratory airway
def: "An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms." [Wikipedia:Trachea]
comment: This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0003103 ! compound organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
xref: SCTID:361380005 ! Entire respiratory airway

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000117 ! respiratory tube
name: respiratory tube
def: "A tube in the respiratory tract." [GO:0030323]
comment: Consider merging into respiratory tract
is_a: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000065 ! respiratory tract
synonym: "tracheobronchial tree segment" NARROW  [FMA:12224]
synonym: "segment of tracheobronchial tree" NARROW [FMA:12224]
xref: FMA:12224 ! segment of tracheobronchial tree

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003126
name: trachea
def: "The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]." [GO:0060438, Wikipedia:Vertebrate_trachea]
comment: Taxon notes: in mouse 15-18 C-rings, 15-20 in human. [ISBN10:0123813611]. In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: major_organ
synonym: "cartilaginous trachea" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebrate trachea" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "windpipe" EXACT []
synonym: "tracheal tubule" RELATED [BTO:0001388]
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0001388
xref: EHDAA:3078 ! trachea
xref: FMA:7394 ! Trachea
xref: GAID:361 ! trachea
xref: VHOG:0000371 ! trachea
xref: MA:0000441 ! trachea
xref: MAT:0000137 ! trachea
xref: MIAA:0000137 ! trachea
xref: XAO:0000118 ! trachea
xref: EFO:0000935 ! trachea
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea ! Trachea
xref: EFO:0000935 ! trachea
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! windpipe
xref: EHDAA2:0002066 ! trachea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg
xref: EMAPA:16853 ! trachea
xref: MESH:A04.889 ! trachea
xref: EV:0100040 ! trachea
is_a: UBERON:0000117 ! respiratory tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007196 ! tracheobronchial tree
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008947 {source="EHDAA2"} ! respiratory primordium
xref: AAO:0010140 ! trachea
xref: SCTID:181213009 ! Entire trachea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg
property_value: external_definition "An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010140", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000371", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000371", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.409", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "tracheal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0040578

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003604
name: trachea cartilage
def: "The cartilages of the trachea (or tracheal rings) vary from sixteen to twenty in number: each forms an imperfect ring, which occupies the anterior two-thirds or so of the circumference of the trachea, being deficient behind, where the tube is completed by fibrous tissue and unstriped muscular fibers." [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
comment: Editor notes: check whether to classify as part of splanchoncranium
synonym: "tracheal cartilage" EXACT [FMA:7434]
synonym: "cartilage of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous trachea cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilago trachealis" EXACT [FMA:7434]
synonym: "cartilage of the trachea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
synonym: "ring of the trachea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
synonym: "tracheal ring" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
synonym: "trachea ring" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilaginous ring of trachea" EXACT [EMAPA:18699]
xref: MA:0001857 ! trachea cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea_Cartilage ! Trachea Cartilage
xref: FMA:7434 ! Tracheal cartilage
xref: EMAPA:18699 ! cartilaginous ring of trachea
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007267 ! trachea pre-cartilage rings
xref: SCTID:278979006 ! Entire tracheal cartilage
synonym: "cartilagines tracheales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Gray952.png
xref: UMLS:C1710456

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007267 ! trachea pre-cartilage rings
name: trachea pre-cartilage rings
xref: EHDAA2:0002070 ! trachea pre-cartilage rings
xref: EHDAA:7082 ! pre-cartilage rings
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009505 {source="EHDAA2"} ! associated mesenchyme of trachea
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006833
name: lumen of trachea
synonym: "tracheal lumen" EXACT [FMA:7469]
synonym: "lumen of cartilaginous trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7469 ! lumen of trachea
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
xref: SCTID:197486000 ! Entire tracheal lumen
def: "An anatomical space that surrounded_by a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003127 ! open tracheal system trachea
name: open tracheal system trachea
def: "A trachea composed of composed of spiracles, tracheae, and tracheoles [Wikipedia]. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GO:0007424, Wikipedia:Invertebrate_trachea]
comment: TODO check if is_a epithelium
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "invertebrate trachea" EXACT []
synonym: "trachea" BROAD SENSU [FBbt:00005043]
xref: FBbt:00005043 ! trachea
xref: SPD:0000434 ! trachea
xref: TADS:0000315 ! adult trachea
is_a: UBERON:0001005 ! respiratory airway
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006832
name: lumen of open tracheal system trachea
synonym: "tracheal lumen" BROAD SENSU [FBbt:00007410]
xref: FBbt:00007410 ! tracheal lumen
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0003127 ! open tracheal system trachea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003127 ! open tracheal system trachea
def: "An anatomical space that surrounded_by a open tracheal system trachea." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005155 ! open tracheal system
name: open tracheal system
def: "An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GO:0007424]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "open tracheal system" EXACT []
synonym: "invertebrate tracheal system" EXACT []
synonym: "tracheal system" BROAD SENSU [FBbt:00005024]
xref: FBbt:00005024 ! tracheal system
xref: SPD:0000427 ! tracheal system
xref: TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system 
xref: BTO:0003870 ! insect tracheal system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: capable_of GO:0007585 ! respiratory gaseous exchange
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001008 ! excretory system
name: excretory system
def: "The excretory system is the system of an organism that mainly performs the function of excretion, the bodily process of discharging wastes. It is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by the processes that maintain homeostasis." [BILA:0000015, Wikipedia:Excretory_system]
comment: In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "urinary tract" EXACT []
synonym: "urinary system" EXACT []
synonym: "renal system" EXACT [GO:0001977]
synonym: "renal/urinary system" RELATED []
synonym: "renal or urinary system" RELATED [EHDAA:5901]
synonym: "systema urinaria" EXACT  [FMA:7159]
synonym: "urinary system" EXACT []
synonym: "systema urinarium" EXACT [BTO:0003092]
xref: BILA:0000015
xref: EFO:0000803 ! renal system
xref: FBbt:00005056 ! excretory system
xref: FMA:7159 ! Urinary system
xref: GAID:391 ! urinary system
xref: VHOG:0000723 ! renal system
xref: MAT:0000027 ! renal system
xref: MIAA:0000027 ! renal system
xref: ncithesaurus:Urinary_System
xref: TAO:0000163 ! renal system
xref: WBbt:0005736 ! excretory system
xref: XAO:0000143 ! urinary system
xref: ZFA:0000163 ! renal system
xref: TADS:0000162 ! adult excretory system
xref: BTO:0003092 ! urinary system
xref: BTO:0001244 ! urinary tract
xref: MA:0000325 ! renal/urinary system
xref: EHDAA2:0001601 ! renal system
xref: EMAPA:17366 ! urinary system
xref: EHDAA:5901 ! renal or urinary system
xref: EHDAA:5901 ! renal or urinary system
xref: EV:0100095 ! urinary system
xref: MESH:A05.810 ! urinary tract
intersection_of: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007588 ! excretion
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: AAO:0010257 ! urinary system
xref: SCTID:362204003 ! Entire urinary system
xref: galen:UrinaryTract ! urinary tract
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:110815 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Xenoturbella
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:147099 {source="Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha"} ! Acoelomorpha
property_value: external_definition "An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010257", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000723", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-3540428541 Kapoor BG\, Bhavna Khanna\, Ichthyology Handbook (2004) p.406", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1508753

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
name: circulatory system
def: "organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Circulatory_system]
comment: the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FBbt:00005057 ! circulatory system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! circulatory system
xref: VHOG:0001248 ! circulatory system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg/200px-Circulatory_System_en.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6157 ! Platyhelminthes
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6073 ! Cnidaria
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:147099 {source="Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha"} ! Acoelomorpha
xref: AAO:0000959 ! circulatory system
synonym: "systema cardiovasculare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Circulatory_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000959", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001248", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.493", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009054
name: open circulatory system
comment: The Open Circulatory System is a system in which fluid (called hemolymph) in a cavity called the hemocoel bathes the organs directly with oxygen and nutrients and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid; this combined fluid is called hemolymph or haemolymph
is_a: UBERON:0001009 {source="GO"} ! circulatory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009055 ! closed circulatory system
name: closed circulatory system
comment: Editor notes: consider merging with cardiovascular system? Taxon notes: The circulatory systems of all vertebrates, as well as of annelids (for example, earthworms) and cephalopods (squid and octopus) are closed, just as in humans. Still, the systems of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds show various stages of the evolution of the circulatory system
is_a: UBERON:0001009 {source="GO"} ! circulatory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009056
name: two-pass circulatory system
def: "A closed circulatory system in which blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once." [Wikipedia:Double_circulatory_system, GO:0035905]
is_a: UBERON:0009055 ! closed circulatory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009057
name: one-pass circulatory system
def: "A closed circulatory system in which blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once." [GO:0035907]
is_a: UBERON:0009055 ! closed circulatory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system
name: cardiovascular system
def: "Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels." [BTO:0000088]
comment: Usage notes: we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CV system" RELATED [BTO:0000088]
synonym: "Herz und Gefaesssystem" RELATED [BTO:0000088]
xref: BILA:0000016
xref: BTO:0000088
xref: EFO:0000791 ! cardiovascular system
xref: EHDAA:394 ! cardiovascular system
xref: FMA:7161 ! Cardiovascular system
xref: GAID:467 ! cardiovascular system
xref: VHOG:0000302 ! cardiovascular system
xref: MA:0000010 ! cardiovascular system
xref: MAT:0000016 ! cardiovascular system
xref: MIAA:0000016 ! cardiovascular system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000010 ! cardiovascular system
xref: XAO:0000100 ! cardiovascular system
xref: ZFA:0000010 ! cardiovascular system
xref: XAO:0001010 ! circulatory system
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardiovascular_System ! Cardiovascular System
xref: EHDAA2:0000216 ! cardiovascular system (also: UBERON:0011695 'embryonic cardiovascular system')
xref: EMAPA:16104 ! cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16370 ! cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
xref: MESH:A07 ! cardiovascular system
xref: EV:0100017 ! cardiovascular system
xref: WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system 
intersection_of: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: AAO:0011001 ! cardiovascular system
xref: SCTID:278198007 ! Entire cardiovascular system
property_value: homology_notes "The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000302", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.451", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0007226

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011695 ! embryonic cardiovascular system
name: embryonic cardiovascular system
synonym: "fetal circulatory system" RELATED []
synonym: "embryonic circulatory system" RELATED []
synonym: "conceptus cardiovascular system" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004716 ! conceptus
xref: EHDAA2:0000216 ! cardiovascular system (also: UBERON:0004535 'cardiovascular system')
def: "A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007798
name: vascular system
comment: in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system
xref: MA:0002718 ! vascular system
xref: BTO:0001085 ! vascular system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 {source="MA"} ! cardiovascular system
xref: ncithesaurus:Vascular_System ! Vascular System
xref: EHDAA2:0004520 ! vascular system
xref: UMLS:C0489903

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002465
name: lymphoid system
alt_id: UBERON:0002096
def: "The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system (Wikipedia)." [Wikipedia:Lymphoid_system, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3153468&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: We follow FMA and MA in distinguishing between lymphatic system and lymphoid system, with lymhoid tissue part of the non-lymphatic component, although these terms are often used interchangeably. We assume the ZFA term lymphatic tissue actually corresponds to the broader class (e.g. ZFA lymph node in the ZFA lymphatic system). See tracker for more comments.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lymphatic system" NARROW [ZFA:0000385]
synonym: "lymphatic circulatory system" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:74594 ! Lymphoid system
xref: VHOG:0000842 ! lymphatic system
xref: MA:0002435 ! lymphoid system
xref: EFO:0000870 ! lymphatic system (also: UBERON:0006558 'lymphatic part of lymphoid system')
xref: EHDAA:8677 ! lymphatic system
xref: GAID:931 ! lymphatic system
xref: VHOG:0000842 ! lymphatic system
xref: MAT:0000197 ! lymphatic system
xref: MIAA:0000197 ! lymphatic system
xref: ZFA:0000385 ! lymphatic system
xref: XAO:0003199 ! lymphatic system
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_System ! Lymphatic System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQAKT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lymphatic system
xref: EHDAA2:0001043 ! lymphatic system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Illu_capillary_microcirculation.jpg/200px-Illu_capillary_microcirculation.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002193 ! hemolymphoid system
xref: SCTID:362589007 ! Entire lymphoid system
xref: TAO:0000385 ! lymphatic system
synonym: "systema lymphoideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lymphoid_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/TE-Lymphatic_system_diagram.svg
property_value: external_definition "Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010522", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "Tetrapods have evolved distinct lymphatic systems, in which lymphatic capillaries help drain most of the tissues of the body.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000842", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.627", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0024235
property_value: has_relational_adjective "lymphoid" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006558
name: lymphatic part of lymphoid system
def: "." [Wikipedia:Lymphatic_system]
comment: AO notes: in FMA this is part of the cardiovascular system, but here we treat the CV system as a separate component of the circulatory system from the lymphatic system
synonym: "lymphatic tree system" EXACT [FMA:7162]
synonym: "lymphatic system" EXACT [MA:0002435, FMA:7162]
xref: FMA:7162 ! Lymphatic system
xref: EFO:0000870 ! lymphatic system (also: UBERON:0002465 'lymphoid system')
xref: MA:0002961 ! lymphatic system
xref: EMAPA:18248 ! lymphatic system
xref: MESH:A15.382.520 ! lymphatic system
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002465 ! lymphoid system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007798 {source="MA"} ! vascular system
xref: AAO:0010522 ! lymphatic system
xref: SCTID:362597000 ! Entire lymphatic system
property_value: external_definition "Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010522", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: VHOG:0001761 ! lymphatic system
synonym: "lymporeticular system" RELATED [VHOG:0001761]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "lymporeticular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006561
name: non-lymphatic part of lymphoid system
synonym: "non-lymphatic lymphoid system" EXACT [FMA:74623]
xref: FMA:74623 ! Non-lymphatic lymphoid system
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002465 ! lymphoid system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002193
name: hemolymphoid system
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs." []
synonym: "haemolymphoid system" RELATED []
synonym: "hematolymphoid system" EXACT []
synonym: "lymphomyeloid complex" EXACT []
xref: FMA:74562 ! Hemolymphoid system
xref: MA:0000013 ! hemolymphoid system
xref: EHDAA2:0004615 ! hemolymphoid system
xref: EMAPA:18534 ! haemolymphoid system of gland of organ system
xref: EMAPA:18765 ! haemolymphoid system of organ system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 {source="MA"} ! anatomical system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002390
name: hematopoietic system
def: "The tissues concerned in production of the blood, including the bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus[BTO]. Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues. The bodily system of organs and tissues, primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes, involved in the production of blood[FD]." [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hematopoietic+system, BTO:0000570, OMD:haematological, Wikipedia:Hematopoietic_system]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "haematological system" EXACT []
synonym: "haematopoietic system" RELATED []
synonym: "haemopoietic system" EXACT []
synonym: "hematological system" RELATED []
synonym: "hematolymphoid system" RELATED []
synonym: "hemopoietic system" RELATED []
synonym: "organa haemopoietica" EXACT []
synonym: "Blutbildungssystem" RELATED [BTO:0000570]
xref: BTO:0000570
xref: EFO:0000798 ! haemopoietic system
xref: FMA:9667 ! Hematopoietic system
xref: GAID:1008 ! hematopoietic system
xref: VHOG:0001624 ! hematopoietic system
xref: MA:0002434 ! hematopoietic system
xref: MAT:0000022 ! haemopoietic system
xref: MIAA:0000022 ! haemopoietic system
xref: TAO:0005023 ! hematopoietic system
xref: XAO:0000122 ! hematological system
xref: ZFA:0005023 ! hematopoietic system
xref: ncithesaurus:Hematopoietic_System ! Hematopoietic System
xref: MESH:A15.378 ! hematopoietic system
xref: EV:0100045 ! hematological system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002193 ! hemolymphoid system
xref: AAO:0011002 ! hematological system
xref: SCTID:362587009 ! Entire hematopoietic system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003061 {evidence="definitional"} ! blood island
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011002", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001624", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2010.05.004 Ellett F\, Lieschke GJ\, Zebrafish as a model for vertebrate hematopoiesis. Current Opinion in Pharmacology (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0018957
property_value: has_relational_adjective "hematopoietic" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001011
name: hemolymph
def: "Blood analogue used by all arthropods and most mollusks that have an open circulatory system. In these animals there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. The liquid fills all of the interior (the hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells." [Wikipedia:Hemolymph]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "haemolymph" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000572
xref: FBbt:00005061 ! hemolymph
xref: GAID:1220 ! hemolymph
xref: MAT:0000054 ! hemolymph
xref: MIAA:0000054 ! hemolymph
xref: TGMA:0000000 ! hemolymph
xref: MESH:A13.453 ! hemolymph
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001013
name: adipose tissue
def: "Connective tissue composed of adipocytes." [Wikipedia:Adipose_tissue]
comment: Note in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue. Taxon notes: n humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "fat tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "fatty tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "fatty depot" RELATED []
synonym: "fat" EXACT [MA:0000009]
synonym: "adipose" RELATED [BTO:0001487]
synonym: "bodyfat" RELATED [BTO:0001487]
xref: AAO:0000001 ! adipose_tissue
xref: EFO:0000234 ! adipose tissue
xref: EFO:0000790 ! fat tissue
xref: FMA:20110 ! Adipose tissue
xref: GAID:920 ! adipose tissue
xref: galen:FattyTissue
xref: VHOG:0001284 ! adipose tissue
xref: MA:0000009 ! adipose tissue
xref: MAT:0000015 ! fat tissue
xref: MIAA:0000015 ! fat tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0003049 ! adipose tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Adipose_Tissue ! Adipose Tissue
xref: BTO:0001487 ! adipose tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! fatty tissue
xref: EHDAA2:0003120 ! fat tissue
xref: AEO:000020 ! fat tissue
xref: ZFA:0005345 ! adipose tissue
xref: MESH:A10.165.114 ! adipose tissue
xref: EV:0100381 ! adipose tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002384 {source="MA"} ! connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CL:0000136 ! fat cell
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003714 ! neural tissue
xref: SCTID:55603005 ! Adipose tissue
xref: TAO:0002134 ! adipose tissue
property_value: external_definition "Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000001", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000001", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002134", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001284", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0029665107005423 Haugen F\, Drevon CA\, The interplay between nutrients and the adipose tissue. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0001527
property_value: has_relational_adjective "adipose" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003916
name: fat pad
def: "a mass of closely packed fat cells (adipose tissue) surrounded by fibrous tissue septa[TMD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fat+pad, GO:0060613, BTO:0000444]
comment: AO notes: FMA says isa fascia organ. Note that XAO and AAO have structures called fat pad/body, but these are gonad-associated, so we place them with the gonad-specific subclass
synonym: "fat body" RELATED [FMA:58616]
xref: BTO:0000444 ! fat pad
xref: FMA:58616 ! Fat body
xref: MA:0002481 ! fat pad
is_a: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
property_value: external_definition "An accumulation of adipose tissue (fat cells) enclosed in fibrous tissue[BTO]." xsd:string {ontology="BTO"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003917
name: arthropod fat body
def: "an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism." [GO:0007503]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
synonym: "fat body" EXACT SENSU [FBbt:00005066]
synonym: "fat body sensu invertebrata" RELATED [EFO:0000810]
xref: FBbt:00005066 ! fat body
xref: FBbt:00001704 ! embryonic/larval fat body
xref: GAID:1213 ! fat body
xref: MIAA:0000096 ! fat body
xref: TADS:0000321 ! adult fat body
xref: TGMA:0001856 ! fat body
xref: BTO:0000442 ! fat body
xref: MESH:A13.365 ! fat body
xref: EFO:0000810 ! fat body sensu invertebrata
is_a: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
property_value: external_definition "A fatty tissue especially of nearly mature insect larvae that serves as a food reserve[BTO]." xsd:string {ontology="BTO"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012167
name: buccal fat pad   
def: "The Buccal fat pad is one of several encapsulated fat masses in the cheek. It is a deep fat pad located on either side of the face between the buccinator muscle and several more superficial muscles. It should not be confused with the malar fat pad, which is directly below the skin of the cheek. It should also not be confused with jowl fat pads. It is implicated in the formation of hollow cheeks and the nasolabial fold, but not in the formation of jowls." [Wikipedia:Buccal_fat_pad]
synonym: "Bichat's fat pad" EXACT  [FMA:59799]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001567 ! cheek
xref: FMA:59799 ! buccal fat pad
xref: SCTID:25930004 ! Buccal fat pad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001014
name: obsolete fat body
synonym: "fat pad" EXACT []
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0003917 ! arthropod fat body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001016
name: nervous system
def: "a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an organism's surroundings and itself[Wikipedia]." [ISBN:0-14-051288-8, ISBN:3110148986, NLM:nervous+system, WB:rynl, Wikipedia:Nervous_system, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "nerve net" NARROW [Wikipedia:Nerve_net]
synonym: "Nervensystem" RELATED [BTO:0001484]
xref: AAO:0000324 ! nervous_system
xref: BILA:0000079
xref: EFO:0000802 ! nervous system
xref: EHDAA:826 ! nervous system
xref: FBbt:00005093 ! nervous system
xref: FMA:7157 ! Nervous system
xref: GAID:466 ! nervous system
xref: VHOG:0000402 ! nervous system
xref: MA:0000016 ! nervous system
xref: MAT:0000026 ! nervous system
xref: MIAA:0000026 ! nervous system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_844 ! Nervous system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000396 ! nervous system
xref: WBbt:0005735 ! nervous system
xref: XAO:0000177 ! nervous system
xref: ZFA:0000396 ! nervous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Nervous_System ! Nervous System
xref: BTO:0001484 ! nervous system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nervous system
xref: EHDAA2:0001246 ! nervous system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png/200px-Nervous_system_diagram.png
xref: MESH:A08 ! nervous system
xref: EMAPA:16469 ! nervous system of organ system
xref: EV:0100162 ! nervous system (also: UBERON:0001021 'nerve')
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6072 ! Eumetazoa
xref: SCTID:278196006 ! Entire nervous system
synonym: "systema nervosum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nervous_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/TE-Nervous_system_diagram.svg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000324", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from ectoderm (AAO:0000137) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000324", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000396", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000402", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.117", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "neural" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "nervous" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0027763

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005743 ! central nervous system plus retina
name: obsolete central nervous system plus retina
is_obsolete: true
comment: this class was originally added to account for some definitions of the CNS that includes retina. Most existing AOs use CNS to exclude the retina (ZFA retina NOT part_of CNS. XAO excludes retina in text def, retina (previously) part_of CNS. MA retina NOT part_of CNS. NIF_GA retina NOT part_of CNS. Fly also excludes it. EFO also excludes it. GO also excludes it). Whilst logically valid, the use case is better served by following the developmental relationships for retina. See: http://groups.google.com/group/pons-representation-and-deployment/browse_thread/thread/957da161a4dd4f85/a340e30cc8e9b2ce?lnk=gst&q=retina#a340e30cc8e9b2ce

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
name: central nervous system
def: "The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord[GO]. The part of the nervous system which in vertebrates consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system[XAO]. Neuraxis plus retina[INCF]." [FB:gg, ISBN:3110148986, NLM:central+nervous+system, Wikipedia:Central_nervous_system, ZFIN:curator]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CNS" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebrospinal axis" EXACT [FMA:55675]
synonym: "neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:55675]
xref: FMA:55675 ! neuraxis
xref: AAO:0000090 ! central_nervous_system
xref: BILA:0000080
xref: BTO:0000227
xref: EFO:0000908 ! central nervous system
xref: EHDAA:828 ! central nervous system
xref: FBbt:00005094 ! central nervous system
xref: GAID:570 ! central nervous system
xref: VHOG:0000293 ! central nervous system
xref: MA:0000167 ! central nervous system
xref: MAT:0000457 ! central nervous system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1099 ! Central nervous system
xref: TAO:0000012 ! central nervous system
xref: XAO:0000215 ! central nervous system
xref: ZFA:0000012 ! central nervous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Central_Nervous_System ! Central Nervous System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYt3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! central nervous system
xref: EHDAA2:0000225 ! central nervous system
xref: EMAPA:16470 ! central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16754 ! central nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: MESH:A08.186 ! central nervous system
xref: EV:0100163 ! central nervous system
is_a: UBERON:0011216 {source="cjm"} ! organ system subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
synonym: "systema nervosum centrale" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:55675]
xref: SCTID:278199004 ! Entire central nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001049 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7742", evidence="definitional"} ! neural tube
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:147099 {source="Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha"} ! Acoelomorpha
property_value: external_definition "Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000090", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000012", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000293", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28 (reference 1)\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.165 (reference 2)\, DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.040 Denes AS\, Jekely G\, Steinmetz PRH\, Raible F\, Snyman H\, Prud'homme B\, Ferrier DEK\, Balavoine G and Arendt D\, Molecular architecture of annelid nerve cord supports common origin of nervous system centralization in Bilateria. Cell (2007) (reference 3)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0927232

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001022
name: cell body
def: "Cell component which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus.[FMA]" [http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html, Wikipedia:Cell_body, FMA:FMA]
comment: TODO - use GO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cell soma" EXACT []
synonym: "soma" RELATED []
xref: FBbt:00005107 ! cell body
xref: FMA:67301 ! Cell body
xref: GO:0043025 ! cell soma
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1044911821 ! Neuronal Cell Body
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part
relationship: part_of CL:0000540 ! neuron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001023
name: obsolete dendrite
def: "The region of a neuron receiving inputs from other neurons, typically a slender neurite, often branched. In insect neurons, this is often not a clear designation and often presynaptic sites co-extend with postsynaptic ones." [http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html, Wikipedia:Dendrite]
comment: Made obsolete as it was equivalent to GO class
subset: uberon_slim
consider: FBbt:00005110 ! dendrite
consider: FMA:67314 ! Dendrite
consider: GAID:749 ! dendrite
consider: ncithesaurus:Dendrite ! Dendrite
consider: GO:0030425 ! dendrite
consider: OpenCyc:Mx4rviIdspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! dendrite
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao1211023249 ! Dendrite
consider: TGMA:0001373 ! dendrite
consider: MESH:A08.663.256 ! dendrite
is_obsolete: true
property_value: has_relational_adjective "dendritic" xsd:string
consider: UMLS:C0011305

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001024
name: obsolete neurite
def: "One of the processes or extensions of a neuron, axon or dendrite or cell body fiber. // Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite." [http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html, Wikipedia:Neurite]
comment: Made obsolete as it was equivalent to GO class
subset: uberon_slim
consider: FBbt:00005113 ! neurite
consider: FMA:61814 ! Neurite
consider: GAID:751 ! neurite
consider: GO:0043005 ! neurite
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao-867568886 ! Neuron Process
consider: MESH:A08.663.256.500 ! neurite
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001025
name: obsolete synapse
def: "The structural contact that is the site of transmission between neurons, identified by a presynaptic ribbon and synaptic vesicles as the input element and one or (usually) more postsynaptic elements with various specializations (membrane densities, cisternae, etc.)." [http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html, Wikipedia:Synapse]
comment: Made obsolete as it was equivalent to GO class
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "synaptic junction" EXACT []
consider: FBbt:00005114 ! synapse
consider: FMA:67408 ! Synapse
consider: GAID:766 ! synapse
consider: GO:0045202
consider: ncithesaurus:Synapse ! Synapse
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699 ! Synapse
consider: MESH:A08.850 ! synapse
consider: SCTID:362298009 ! Entire synapse
consider: UMLS:C0039062
property_value: has_relational_adjective "synaptic" xsd:string
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001026
name: obsolete motor nerve
def: "General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic efferent nerve fibers predominate[FMA]. A motor nerve is an efferent nerve that exclusively contains the axons of somatic and branchial motoneurons, which innervate skeletal muscles (that ensure locomotion) and branchial muscles (that motorize the face and neck)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Motor_nerve]
synonym: "efferent nerve" RELATED []
synonym: "nervus motorius" EXACT []
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001027
name: sensory nerve
def: "A group of neurons that provides a nervous response from a tissue[AEO]." [AEO:0000201, Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "afferent nerve" RELATED []
synonym: "nervus sensorius" EXACT []
xref: FBbt:00005136 ! sensory nerve
xref: FMA:5868 ! Sensory nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sensory nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0003200 ! afferent nerve
xref: AEO:0000201 ! afferent nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: has_part CL:0000526 {source="AEO"} ! afferent neuron
synonym: "nervus sensorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve]
property_value: external_definition "General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic afferent nerve fibers predominate[FMA]. nerves that receive sensory stimuli made up of nerve fibers, called sensory fibers (mechanoreceptor fibers sense body movement and pressure placed against the body, and nociceptor fibers sense tissue injury)[WP][Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006798
name: efferent nerve
def: "A group of neurons that provides a nervous signal to a tissue." [AEO:JB]
xref: EHDAA2:0003231 ! efferent nerve
xref: AEO:0000202
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: has_part CL:0000527 {source="AEO"} ! efferent neuron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001029
name: neuromuscular junction
def: "." [Wikipedia:Neuromuscular_junction]
comment: TODO - use GO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "myoneural junction" EXACT []
xref: FBbt:00005142 ! neuromuscular junction
xref: FMA:61803 ! Neuromuscular junction
xref: GAID:809 ! neuromuscular junction
xref: GO:0031594 ! neuromuscular junction
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1124888485 ! Neuromuscular Junction
xref: MESH:A08.800.550.550.550 ! neuromuscular junction
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
synonym: "synapsis neuromuscularis; junctio neuromuscularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neuromuscular_junction]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/NMJ.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001030
name: obsolete synaptic ribbon
synonym: "ribbon synapse" EXACT []
consider: FBbt:00005143 ! synaptic ribbon
consider: FMA:67107 ! Ribbon synapse
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao1884931180 ! Ribbon Synapse
consider: GO:0048788 ! presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix assembled at active zones
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001031
name: neurilemma
def: "thin membranous sheath around a nerve fiber[TFD]." [Wikipedia:Neurilemma, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/neurolemma]
comment: FMA def is 'Neural tissue which consists of Schwann cells' which does not fit, but we still use 'neural tissue' here. WP def specifically states Schwann cells, which would restrict it to PNS
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "neurolemma" EXACT []
synonym: "sheath of Schwann" EXACT []
synonym: "endoneural membrane" RELATED [BTO:0003048]
synonym: "Schwann's membrane" RELATED [BTO:0003048]
xref: FBbt:00005151 ! neurilemma
xref: FMA:62976 ! Neurilemma
xref: GAID:730 ! neurilemma
xref: ncithesaurus:Sheath_of_Schwann ! Sheath of Schwann
xref: BTO:0003048 ! neurolemma
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gray631.png/200px-Gray631.png
xref: MESH:A08.561.600 ! neurilemma
is_a: UBERON:0003714 ! neural tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
xref: UMLS:C0027807

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
name: entire sense organ system
def: "Sum of all sensory systems in an organism." []
comment: note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sense organ system" EXACT [FMA:78499]
xref: FMA:78499 ! Sense organ system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001032
name: sensory system
def: "Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information." [Wikipedia:Sensory_system]
comment: note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "sense organ subsystem" EXACT []
synonym: "sensory organ system" RELATED []
synonym: "sensory subsystem" EXACT []
synonym: "sense organs" EXACT [FMA:75259]
synonym: "sense organs set" EXACT [FMA:75259]
xref: AAO:0000555 ! sensory_system
xref: BILA:0000099
xref: EFO:0000805 ! sensory system
xref: MA:0002442 ! sensory organ system
xref: MAT:0000031 ! sensory system
xref: MIAA:0000031 ! sensory system
xref: TAO:0000282 ! sensory system
xref: ZFA:0000282 ! sensory system
xref: FBbt:00005827 ! embryonic sensory system
xref: XAO:0003194 ! sensory system
xref: FMA:75259 ! Set of sense organs
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090816 ! Sensory system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray722.png/200px-Gray722.png
xref: EHDAA2:0003094 ! sense organ
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
synonym: "organa sensuum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75259]
synonym: "organa sensuum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sensory_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray722.png
xref: VHOG:0001674 ! sensory system
synonym: "set of sense organs" RELATED [FMA:75259]
synonym: "sensory systems" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0000282]
property_value: homology_notes "An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001674", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001033
name: gustatory system
def: "A subset of the sensory system for the sensing of taste." [Wikipedia:Gustatory_system]
comment: in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "gustatory organ system" EXACT []
synonym: "taste system" EXACT []
xref: BILA:0000143
xref: EFO:0000830 ! taste system
xref: FMA:7194 ! Gustatory system
xref: MA:0002446 ! gustatory system
xref: MAT:0000275 ! taste system
xref: MIAA:0000275 ! taste system
xref: TAO:0001101 ! gustatory system
xref: ZFA:0001101 ! gustatory system
xref: XAO:0003197 ! gustatory system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090803 ! Gustatory system
xref: XAO:0003197 ! gustatory system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: has_function_in GO:0050912 ! detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: AAO:0010577 ! gustatory system
xref: SCTID:423940004 ! Structure of gustatory system
property_value: external_definition "The sensory system used for the sense of taste.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010577", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "gustatory" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001034
name: obsolete photoreceptor
def: "Can refer to a light sensitive organ, a photoreceptor cell or a photoreceptor protein. This class was made obsolete because it was ambiguous" [Wikipedia:Photoreceptor]
xref: BTO:0001060
consider: FBbt:00005162 ! photoreceptor
consider: FMA:85613 ! Photoreceptor
consider: GAID:778 ! photoreceptor
is_obsolete: true
consider: CL:0000210

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001035
name: dento-alveolar joint
def: "Fibrous joint in which the periodontal ligament connects a tooth to the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible. Examples: Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Gomphosis, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "dento-alveolar syndesmosis" EXACT  [FMA:7495]
synonym: "peg-and-socket joint" EXACT  [FMA:7495]
synonym: "socket" BROAD  [FMA:7495]
synonym: "gomphosis" EXACT [MA:0001499]
xref: FMA:7495 ! Dento-alveolar joint
xref: MA:0001499 ! gomphosis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveAQeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gomphosis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gray1003.png/200px-Gray1003.png
is_a: UBERON:0002209 {source="FMA"} ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0002213 {source="MA"} ! cartilaginous joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw
relationship: connects UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
relationship: connects UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
synonym: "syndesmosis dentoalveolaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7495]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray1003.png
xref: SCTID:50870008 ! Entire gomphosis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011120
name: laryngeal joint
synonym: "joint of larynx" EXACT  [FMA:55100]
synonym: "laryngeal articulation" EXACT  [FMA:55100]
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010323 ! cranial skeletal system
xref: FMA:55100 ! laryngeal joint
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a laryngeal cartilage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011121
name: cricothyroid joint
def: "The cricoarytenoid articulation (or joint) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage." [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_articulation]
synonym: "crico-thyroid joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_articulation]
synonym: "cricothyroid articulation" EXACT  [FMA:55101]
is_a: UBERON:0011120 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001738 ! thyroid cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010323 {source="cjm"} ! cranial skeletal system
xref: FMA:55101 ! cricothyroid joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricothyroid_Joint ! cricothyroid joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Larynx_external_en.svg
xref: SCTID:361944002 ! Entire cricothyroid articulation
xref: UMLS:C0225540

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011122
name: cricoarytenoid joint
def: "The cricoarytenoid articulation (or joint) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage." [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_articulation]
synonym: "crico-arytenoid joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_articulation]
synonym: "cricoarytenoid articulation" EXACT  [FMA:55102]
synonym: "crico-arytenoid joint" EXACT  [FMA:55102]
is_a: UBERON:0011120 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010323 {source="cjm"} ! cranial skeletal system
xref: FMA:55102 ! crico-arytenoid joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricoarytenoid_Joint ! cricoarytenoid joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray960.png
xref: SCTID:361945001 ! Entire cricoarytenoid articulation
xref: UMLS:C0225555

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011932
name: pilosebaceous unit
def: "An epidermal invagination that has as parts a hair follicle, a sebaceous gland, and arrector pili muscle" [Wikipedia:Pilosebaceous_unit, PMC:PMC3130146]
synonym: "pilo-sebaceous apparatus" EXACT  [FMA:70661]
synonym: "pilo-sebaceous unit" EXACT  []
synonym: "pilosebaceous apparatus" EXACT  []
synonym: "fabrica pilosebacea" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pilosebaceous_unit]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
xref: FMA:70661 ! pilosebaceous unit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001037
name: strand of hair
def: "A filament, mostly protein, that grows from follicles found in the dermis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Hair]
comment: this class defines an individual hair. todo - consider fur / coat of fur, which has_part hair. TODO: for now we treat vibrissa/whisker as a syonym, but these have different follicles. We could introduce subclasses (see also: Pangolin scales)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hair" EXACT []
synonym: "coat hair" RELATED []
synonym: "coat/ hair" RELATED []
synonym: "microchaeta" RELATED []
synonym: "setulae" RELATED []
synonym: "vibrissa" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "whisker" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "quill" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "fur" RELATED []
xref: FMA:53667 ! Hair
xref: GAID:71 ! hair
xref: VHOG:0001191 ! hair
xref: MA:0000155 ! coat hair
xref: MAT:0000160 ! hair
xref: MIAA:0000160 ! hair
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA-Mp88EdaAAACgycbRww
xref: ncithesaurus:Hair ! Hair
xref: BTO:0001501 ! hair
xref: EFO:0000958 ! hair
xref: EMAPA:18769 ! hair
xref: MESH:A17.360 ! hair
xref: EV:0100157 ! hair
is_a: UBERON:0000021 {source="FMA"} ! cutaneous appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011932 {source="FMA"} ! pilosebaceous unit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="FMA"} ! epidermis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002073 ! hair follicle
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:361702001 ! Entire hair
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Gray945.png
xref: UMLS:C0018494

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000329
name: hair root
def: "The enlarged basal part of a hair within the skin[BTO]. The root of the hair ends in an enlargement, the hair bulb, which is whiter in color and softer in texture than the shaft, and is lodged in a follicular involution of the epidermis called the hair follicle. [Wikipedia]." [Wikipedia:Hair_root, BTO:0000555]
synonym: "root of hair" EXACT [FMA:70730]
xref: BTO:0000555 ! hair root
xref: FMA:70730 ! Hair root
xref: ncithesaurus:Hair_Root ! Hair Root
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray944.png/200px-Gray944.png
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001037 ! hair
xref: UMLS:C1182707

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002073
name: hair follicle
def: "a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO]." [Wikipedia:Hair_follicle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000554
xref: FMA:70660 ! Hair follicle
xref: GAID:934 ! hair follicle
xref: VHOG:0001268 ! hair follicle
xref: MA:0000154 ! hair follicle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Hair_Follicle ! Hair Follicle
xref: EFO:0002464 ! hair follicle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hair follicle
xref: EMAPA:29741 ! hair follicle
xref: EMAPA:18771 ! follicle of hair
xref: MESH:A10.272.497.500 ! hair follicle
xref: EV:0100156 ! hair follicle
is_a: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001037 ! hair
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011932 {source="FMA"} ! pilosebaceous unit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="FMA"} ! epidermis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005086 ! hair follicle placode
xref: SCTID:280830006 ! Entire hair follicle
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "folliculus pili" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hair_follicle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Hair_follicle-en.svg
property_value: homology_notes "The earliest reliable record of hair is found in a fossil of the Paleocene period, in which the structure of hair cuticles is preserved. Its appearance suggests that the complicated structure of the hair follicle, closely similar to that of present-day mammals, had already appeared at this time.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001268", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-4431998051 Morioka K\, Hair follicle: differentiation under the electron microscope\, An atlas (2005) p.3", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0221971

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010419
name: vibrissa follicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002073 ! hair follicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011933 ! vibrissa unit
synonym: "follicle of vibrissa" EXACT [EMAPA:26720]
synonym: "vibrissa follicle" RELATED [MP:0010234]
synonym: "follicle of sinus hair" EXACT [EMAPA:26759]
xref: MA:0002910 ! vibrissa follicle
xref: EMAPA:26720 ! follicle of vibrissa
xref: EMAPA:26759 ! follicle of sinus hair
def: "A hair follicle that is part of a vibrissa unit." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011817 ! follicle placode
name: follicle placode
comment: Includes hair and feather follicles
is_a: UBERON:0011814 {source="NBK53175"} ! non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002067 ! dermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005086 ! hair follicle placode
name: hair follicle placode
def: "An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud[GO]." [GO:0060789]
synonym: "hair gem" RELATED [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
synonym: "hair peg" RELATED [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
synonym: "vibrissa placode" NARROW []
is_a: UBERON:0011817 ! follicle placode
intersection_of: UBERON:0005085 ! ectodermal placode
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002073 ! hair follicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002074
name: hair shaft
def: "The non-growing portion of a hair which protrudes from the skin, i.e., from the follicle[BTO]. the cuticle, and/or cortex and/or medulla of a hair[MP]." [BTO:0004672, MP:0003809]
comment: TODO - add distinct subclasses for coat hair vs vibrissa hair
synonym: "scapus pili" RELATED [BTO:0004672]
synonym: "shaft of hair" EXACT []
xref: FMA:70728 ! Hair shaft
xref: MA:0000159 ! hair shaft
xref: BTO:0004672 ! hair shaft
is_a: UBERON:0000021 ! cutaneous appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001037 {source="FMA"} ! strand of hair
xref: ncithesaurus:Shaft_of_the_Hair ! Shaft of the Hair
xref: SCTID:361359004 ! Entire hair shaft
xref: UMLS:C0221961

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005184
name: hair medulla
def: "Innermost layer of the hair shaft." [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_(hair)]
synonym: "medulla of hair shaft" RELATED [BTO:0004671]
xref: MA:0000158 ! hair medulla
xref: BTO:0004671 ! hair medulla
intersection_of: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001037 ! hair
xref: SCTID:318929009 ! Entire hair medulla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005932 ! bulb of hair follicle
name: bulb of hair follicle
comment: see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
synonym: "hair bulb" EXACT [FMA:70666]
synonym: "hair follicle bulb" EXACT [FMA:70666]
synonym: "coat hair bulb" NARROW SENSU [MA:0000161]
xref: FMA:70666 ! bulb of hair follicle
xref: MA:0000161 ! coat hair bulb
xref: EMAPA:18770 ! bulb of hair
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002073 ! hair follicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Hair_Bulb ! Hair Bulb
xref: SCTID:361360009 ! Entire hair bulb
xref: UMLS:C0221962

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011936
name: vibrissa hair bulb
comment: see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
synonym: "vibrissa bulb" EXACT [EMAPA:26716]
synonym: "bulb of vibrissa follicle" EXACT []
synonym: "bulb of sinus hair" EXACT [EMAPA:26753]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005932 ! bulb of hair follicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011933 ! vibrissa unit
xref: MA:0000783 ! vibrissa hair bulb
xref: EMAPA:26716 ! bulb
xref: EMAPA:26753 ! bulb
def: "A bulb of hair follicle that is part of a vibrissa unit." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010419 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! vibrissa follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005968 ! infundibulum of hair follicle
name: infundibulum of hair follicle
def: "the portion of the hair follicle from the entrance of the sebaceous gland duct to the surface opening." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3565357&group_id=76834&atid=1205376, UBERON:ps]
synonym: "dermal piliary canal" EXACT [FMA:70722]
synonym: "hair follicle infundibulum" EXACT [FMA:70722]
xref: MA:0003016 ! hair follicle infundibulum
xref: FMA:70722 ! infundibulum of hair follicle
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002434 ! pituitary stalk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002073 ! hair follicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Hair_Follicle_Infundibulum ! Hair Follicle Infundibulum
xref: SCTID:319522000 ! Entire infundibulum of hair follicle
xref: UMLS:C0221973

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005933 ! hair root sheath
name: hair root sheath
comment: AO notes: see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
xref: MA:0000162 ! hair root sheath
xref: EMAPA:18772 ! root sheath of hair
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005932 ! bulb of hair follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011937
name: vibrissa root sheath
intersection_of: UBERON:0005933 ! hair root sheath
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011933 ! vibrissa unit
synonym: "root sheath of sinus hair" EXACT [EMAPA:26765]
synonym: "root sheath of vibrissa" EXACT []
synonym: "root sheath of vibrissa hair" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000784 ! vibrissa root sheath
xref: EMAPA:26724 ! root sheath of vibrissa
xref: EMAPA:26765 ! root sheath of sinus hair
def: "A hair root sheath that is part of a vibrissa unit." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011936 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! vibrissa hair bulb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005941 ! hair inner root sheath
name: hair inner root sheath
def: "A multilayered tube composed of terminally differentiated hair follicle keratinocytes that is surrounded by the outer root sheath; the layers of the inner root sheath include the companion layer, Henle's layer, Huxley's layer and the inner root sheath cuticle[MP]." [MP:0010685, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
synonym: "hair follicle inner root sheath" EXACT [MP:0010685]
synonym: "inner root sheath" RELATED [BTO:0003971]
synonym: "inner root sheath of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70935]
synonym: "inner sheath of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70935]
synonym: "internal root sheath of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70935]
xref: BTO:0003971 ! hair follicle inner root sheath
xref: MA:0000779 ! hair inner root sheath
xref: FMA:70935 ! inner root sheath of hair follicle
is_a: UBERON:0005933 ! hair root sheath

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011938
name: vibrissa inner root sheath
xref: MA:0000785 ! vibrissa inner root sheath
intersection_of: UBERON:0005941 ! hair inner root sheath
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011933 ! vibrissa unit
def: "A hair inner root sheath that is part of a vibrissa unit." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011936 {source="reference_0000032"} ! vibrissa hair bulb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005942 ! hair outer root sheath
name: hair outer root sheath
def: "It surrounds the hair follicle like a sleeve all the way to the bulb. The outer root sheath is essentially a stratified epithelium that is contiguous with the epidermis." [Keratin.com:http://www.keratin.com/, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
synonym: "ORS" RELATED [BTO:0003969]
synonym: "outer root sheath" RELATED [BTO:0003969]
synonym: "hair follicle outer root sheath" EXACT [BTO:0003969]
synonym: "outer root sheath of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70943]
synonym: "external root sheath of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70943]
xref: MA:0000780 ! hair outer root sheath
xref: BTO:0003969 ! hair follicle outer root sheath
xref: FMA:70943 ! outer root sheath of hair follicle
is_a: UBERON:0005933 ! hair root sheath
xref: SCTID:319224003 ! Entire outer root sheath

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011939
name: vibrissa outer root sheath
intersection_of: UBERON:0005942 ! hair outer root sheath
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011933 ! vibrissa unit
xref: MA:0000786 ! vibrissa outer root sheath
def: "A hair outer root sheath that is part of a vibrissa unit." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011936 {source="reference_0000032"} ! vibrissa hair bulb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005943
name: hair root sheath matrix
xref: MA:0000781 ! hair root sheath matrix
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005933 ! hair root sheath

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000412 ! dermal papilla
name: dermal papilla
def: "small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis. They can be observed at the surface of the skin in hands and feet as epidermal or papillary ridges (colloquially known as fingerprints). The dermal papillae nourishes all hair follicles and bring food and oxygen to the lower layers of epidermal cells. The pattern of ridges they produce in hands and feet are inherited features that are developed before birth. They remain unaltered (except size) throughout life, and are therefore used for fingerprints. The dermal papillae are part of the uppermost layer of the dermis, the papillary dermis, and the ridges they form greatly increase the surface area between the dermis and epidermis. Because the dermis' main function is to support the epidermis, this greatly increases the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between these two layers. Additionally, the increase in surface area prevent the dermal and epidermal layers from separating from each others by strengthening the junction between them. With age, the papillae tend to flatten and sometimes increase in numbers. Dermal papillae also play a pivotal role in hair formation, growth and, cycling" [Wikipedia:Dermal_papillae]
comment: Consider adding grouping class for TAO:0001995 ! papilla
synonym: "dermal papillae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "follicular papilla" EXACT [FMA:70737]
synonym: "hair follicle dermal papilla" RELATED [MP:0010687]
synonym: "dermal papilla cell" RELATED [BTO:0001858]
synonym: "DPC" RELATED [BTO:0001858]
synonym: "papilla corii" RELATED [BTO:0001858]
synonym: "papilla dermatis" RELATED [BTO:0001858]
synonym: "papilla dermis" RELATED [BTO:0001858]
synonym: "papilla of corium" RELATED [BTO:0001858]
synonym: "skin papilla" RELATED [BTO:0001858]
xref: BTO:0001858
xref: FMA:70737 ! Dermal papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Skin.jpg/200px-Skin.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001992 ! papillary layer of dermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Dermal_Papilla ! Dermal Papilla
xref: SCTID:320101005 ! Entire dermal papilla
synonym: "papillae dermis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dermal_papillae]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Skin.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0221931

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001992
name: papillary layer of dermis
def: "Dense irregular connective tissue of the skin that consists of fibroblasts, various connective tissue cell types, and collagen, predominantly type III.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Papillary_dermis, FMA:FMA]
comment: AO notes: check AO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "corpus papillary" EXACT [MP:0009545]
synonym: "papillary layer" EXACT [MP:0009545]
synonym: "stratum papillare corii" EXACT [MP:0009545]
synonym: "stratum papillare" EXACT [MP:0009545]
synonym: "superficial dermis" EXACT [MP:0009545]
synonym: "papillary layer of dermis" EXACT [FMA:64776]
synonym: "dermis papillary layer" EXACT []
synonym: "papillary dermis" EXACT []
synonym: "superficial dermis" EXACT [MA:0000802]
synonym: "dermis papillary layer" EXACT [MA:0000800]
xref: FMA:64776 ! Papillary layer of dermis
xref: MA:0000800 ! dermis papillary layer
xref: MA:0000802 ! superficial dermis
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Papillary_Dermis ! papillary dermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Papillare ! stratum papillare
synonym: "stratum papillare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Papillary_dermis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Normal_Epidermis_and_Dermis_with_Intradermal_Nevus_10x.JPG
xref: UMLS:C0682598
xref: UMLS:C0221930

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007377 ! stratum compactum
name: stratum compactum
def: "Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-040726-12, ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
comment: connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis
synonym: "dermal deep region" EXACT  [ZFA:0001182]
xref: TAO:0001182 ! dermal deep region
xref: ZFA:0001182 ! dermal deep region
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
xref: AAO:0010600 ! stratum compactum
property_value: external_definition "Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001182", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from collagenous dermal stroma (TAO:0001186)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001182", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012244
name: stratum intermedium of epidermis
def: "A temporary layer between old and new skin that is invalided by white blood cells[Kardong]." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="Kardong"} ! epidermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001993
name: reticular layer of dermis
def: "lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers." [Wikipedia:Reticular_dermis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dermis reticular layer" EXACT []
synonym: "reticular dermis" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum reticulare" EXACT [Wikipedia:Reticular_dermis]
xref: FMA:64778 ! Reticular layer of dermis
xref: MA:0000801 ! dermis reticular layer
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008877 {source="FMA"} ! epidermal-dermal junction
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001992 ! papillary layer of dermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Reticular_Dermis ! reticular dermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Reticulare ! stratum reticulare
synonym: "stratum reticulare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Reticular_dermis]
xref: UMLS:C0682599
xref: UMLS:C1514988

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005198
name: obsolete coat hair bulb
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001038
name: chordotonal organ
def: "Chordotonal organs are arthropod sensory structures consisting of special sensilla called the scolopidia, which are mechano-transducers and respond mainly to stretch or flexion. In insects, they consist of bundles of internal sensilla, each of which has a cap cell, an enveloping cell and one or more sense cells. The distal end of the organ is usually attached to the cuticle of the body wall, marked by a pit, a thickened disc or a nodule of chitin, and the base of the organ is connected with the hypodermis, often by a special ligament." [FB:FBrf0056378, Wikipedia:Chordotonal_organ]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ch" RELATED []
synonym: "scolopophorous organ" RELATED []
xref: FBbt:00005215 ! chordotonal organ
xref: MAT:0000209 ! chordotonal organ
xref: MIAA:0000209 ! chordotonal organ
xref: EFO:0000940 ! chordotonal organ
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008852 ! visceral yolk sac
name: visceral yolk sac
def: "extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells" [MP:0001718]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "secondary yolk sac" EXACT  [MP:0001718]
synonym: "umbilical vesicle" EXACT  [MP:0001718]
synonym: "vitelline sac" EXACT  [MP:0001718]
synonym: "yolk sac" BROAD  [MP:0001718]
is_a: UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008853
name: parietal yolk sac
def: "tissue that consists of two cellular layers (parietal endoderm and trophoblast) separated by a relatively thick nonvascular basement membrane (Reichert's membrane), and acts as a protective layer to supports and facilitates transport of nutrients between the uterine tissue and the yolk sac cavity." [PMID:1150659, PMID:21123814, MP:0011203]
synonym: "primary yolk sac" EXACT [MP:0011203]
is_a: UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac
xref: EHDAA2:0003237 ! primary yolk sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001040
name: yolk sac
def: "Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes." [Wikipedia:Yolk_sac]
comment: Taxon notes: In therians, a structure homologous to the yolk sac is is present, but contains no yolk platelets. Instead it is filled with fluid [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vesicula umbilicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Yolk_sac]
synonym: "saccus vitellinus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Yolk_sac]
xref: EHDAA:164 ! yolk sac
xref: FMA:87180 ! Yolk sac
xref: GAID:1301 ! yolk sac
xref: VHOG:0000830 ! yolk sac
xref: ncithesaurus:Yolk_Sac ! Yolk Sac
xref: BTO:0001471 ! yolk sac
xref: EHDAA2:0002212 ! yolk sac
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gray22.png/200px-Gray22.png
xref: EMAPA:16085 ! yolk sac
xref: MESH:A16.254.403.981 ! yolk sac
xref: EFO:0003078 ! yolk sac
is_a: UBERON:0005631 ! extraembryonic membrane
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004872 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000925 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! endoderm
xref: SCTID:362845002 ! Entire yolk sac
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Gray22.png
property_value: external_definition "One of the extraembryonic fetal membranes that balloons out from the fetal midgut. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000830", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/yolk+sac", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000830", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.187", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0043425

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010048
name: Duvernoy's gland
def: "A gland situated on the upper lip found in non-venomous snakes. Releases secretion via duct adjacent to posterior maxillary teeth." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Duvernoy's_gland]
is_a: UBERON:0010047 ! oral gland
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000460 ! major vestibular gland
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0008976 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! venom gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8578 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Colubridae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010049
name: supralabial gland
def: "Glandular tissue present in lips of reptiles." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Duvernoy's_gland]
is_a: UBERON:0010047 ! oral gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010050
name: infralabial gland
def: "Glandular tissue present in lips of reptiles." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Duvernoy's_gland]
is_a: UBERON:0010047 ! oral gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001044
name: salivary gland
def: "saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research[WP]." [GO:0007431, Wikipedia:Salivary_gland]
comment: currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals.[3] The salivary glands of some species, however, are modified to produce enzymes; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of poisonous snakes, Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands
subset: uberon_slim
subset: functional_classification
xref: BTO:0001203
xref: EFO:0000859 ! salivary gland
xref: EHDAA:7987 ! salivary gland
xref: FBbt:00005382 ! salivary gland
xref: FMA:9597 ! Salivary gland
xref: GAID:937 ! salivary gland
xref: VHOG:0000376 ! salivary gland
xref: MA:0000346 ! salivary gland
xref: MAT:0000079 ! salivary gland
xref: MIAA:0000079 ! salivary gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Salivary_Gland ! Salivary Gland
xref: galen:SalivaryGland ! salivary gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! salivary gland
xref: EHDAA2:0001775 ! salivary gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17751 ! salivary gland
xref: MESH:A10.336.779 ! salivary gland
xref: EV:0100059 ! salivary gland
is_a: UBERON:0010047 ! oral gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0001836 ! saliva
relationship: located_in UBERON:0000167 ! oral cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
xref: SCTID:181236000 ! Entire salivary gland
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glandulae salivariae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Salivary_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg
property_value: external_definition "A gland that produces the saliva. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-25, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000376", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In air-feeding animals, the lack of water column to lubricate the food has been compensated for by the evolution of the salivary glands. These glands are present only in amniotes and are controlled by the parasympathetic system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000376", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptationm(2005) p.211", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0036098

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002539
name: pharyngeal arch
def: "One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches" [NLM:branchial+arch, Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_arch, PMID:16313389]
comment: Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pharyngeal arches" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "visceral arch" RELATED []
synonym: "branchial arch" NARROW [MP:0002884, BTO:0001785]
xref: VHOG:0000155 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: MAT:0000242 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: MIAA:0000242 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: TAO:0001306 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: XAO:0000096 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: ZFA:0001306 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Arch ! Pharyngeal Arch
xref: EFO:0000959 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: BTO:0001785 ! branchial arch
xref: XAO:0000096 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: AAO:0010359 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray41.png/200px-Gray41.png
xref: EMAPA:16117 ! branchial arch
xref: MESH:A16.254.160 ! branchial region
xref: GAID:1292 ! branchial region
xref: EHDAA:571 ! branchial arch
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
is_a: UBERON:0010188 {source="EHDAA2"} ! protuberance
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499"} ! Chordata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008814 ! pharyngeal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008816 {source="PMID:16313389"} ! embryonic head
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0007690 {source="PMID:16313389"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
xref: SCTID:308766004 ! Entire branchial arch (also: UBERON:0008896 'post-hyoid pharyngeal arch')
synonym: "arcus pharyngei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_arch]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray41.png
property_value: external_definition "One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010359", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="NLM:branchial+arch"}
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000155", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M and Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0080322

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008814 ! pharyngeal system
name: pharyngeal system
def: "A transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear." [GOC:dph, GO:0060037]
synonym: "pharyngeal apparatus" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal arches and clefts" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch region" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000187]
xref: EHDAA2:0000187 ! pharyngeal arch region
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Apparatus ! Pharyngeal Apparatus
xref: UMLS:C1519038

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008815
name: pharyngeal slit
def: "filter-feeding organs found in non-vertebrate chordates (lancelets and tunicates) and hemichordates living in aquatic environments. These repeated segments are controlled by similar developmental mechanisms." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_slit]
comment: Editor/Taxon notes: requires review. Kardong uses the term pharyngeal slit for Chondrichthyans. 'branchial slit' may also be used for aminiote structures?
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007631 ! feeding behavior
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 ! Chordata
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006562 ! pharynx
name: pharynx
def: "The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]." [GO:0060465]
comment: Taxon notes: This is a dubious grouping class that collects structures as diverse as the chordate pharynx (which is a subclass - UBERON:0001042) and the nematode pharynx. This portion of the ontology should be revised, but this should be done in sync with GO, from which this grouping arises
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "pharyngeal tube" EXACT []
xref: MAT:0000049 ! pharynx
xref: MIAA:0000049 ! pharynx
xref: WBbt:0003681 ! pharynx
xref: FBbt:00005380 ! pharynx
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
property_value: external_definition "A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pharyngeal" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "branchial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009145
name: pharyngeal region
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001041 {source="EHDAA2"} ! foregut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001557 {source="EHDAA2"} ! upper respiratory tract
xref: EMAPA:16549 ! pharyngeal region
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 ! pharyngeal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001042
name: chordate pharynx
def: "Funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the esophagus, and air to the larynyx and lungs. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH]. Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Pharynx]
comment: Note that MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we follow their lead here
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pharynx" BROAD SENSU [FMA:46688]
xref: BTO:0001049
xref: EFO:0000836 ! pharynx
xref: EHDAA:2947 ! pharynx
xref: FMA:46688 ! Pharynx
xref: GAID:155 ! pharynx
xref: VHOG:0000462 ! pharynx
xref: MA:0000432 ! pharynx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000056 ! pharynx
xref: ZFA:0000056 ! pharynx
xref: XAO:0003227 ! pharynx
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharynx ! Pharynx
xref: galen:Pharynx ! pharynx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pharynx
xref: EHDAA2:0001458 ! pharynx
xref: EMAPA:16706 ! pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18838 ! pharynx of gut
xref: MESH:A03.867 ! pharynx
xref: EV:0100065 ! pharynx
xref: AAO:0000967 ! pharynx
xref: SCTID:181211006 ! Entire pharynx
is_a: UBERON:0006562 ! pharynx
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009145 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal region
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000967", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000967", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000967", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000056", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000462", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000462", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) Box essay 13.1 and Box figure I\, p.502-503", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0031354

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009143 ! esophageal region
name: developing esophageal region
comment: consider merging into esophagus
synonym: "oesophageal region" BROAD [EMAPA:16700]
synonym: "esophageal region" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001041 {source="EHDAA2"} ! foregut
xref: EMAPA:16700 ! oesophageal region
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000654 ! oesophageal region
synonym: "oesophageal region" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000654]
xref: SCTID:245404000 ! Region of esophagus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001043
name: esophagus
def: "Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993)." [Wikipedia:Esophagus, http://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/inter/oesophagus/]
comment: AO notes: esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies:  The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "gullet" EXACT []
synonym: "oesophagus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000145 ! esophagus
xref: BTO:0000959
xref: EFO:0000835 ! oesophagus
xref: EHDAA:2937 ! oesophagus
xref: FMA:7131 ! Esophagus
xref: GAID:291 ! esophagus
xref: galen:Esophagus
xref: VHOG:0000450 ! oesophagus
xref: MA:0000352 ! esophagus
xref: MAT:0000048 ! oesophagus
xref: MIAA:0000048 ! oesophagus
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophagus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj9Q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000204 ! esophagus
xref: XAO:0000127 ! esophagus
xref: ZFA:0000204 ! esophagus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj9Q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! esophagus
xref: EHDAA2:0001285 ! oesophagus
xref: EMAPA:16833 ! oesophagus of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18860 ! oesophagus of gut
xref: MESH:A03.365 ! esophagus
xref: EV:0100069 ! oesophagus
xref: ANISEED:1235301 ! Esophagus
is_a: UBERON:0000062 {source="FMA", source="MA"} ! organ
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009143 ! esophageal region
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0000945 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", notes="only in species that have a stomach"} ! stomach
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
xref: SCTID:181245004 ! Entire esophagus
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "œsophagus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Esophagus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000145", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000450", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01658.x Mallatt J\, Ventilation and the origin of jawed vertebrates: a new mouth. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (1996)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "esophageal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014876

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010039 ! food storage organ
name: food storage organ
def: "An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates
subset: grouping_class
subset: functional_classification
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
xref: TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach
xref: TGMA:0001041 ! adult stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000945
name: stomach
def: "An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium." [UBERON:cjm, ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Stomach]
comment: Taxon notes: We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa -- Stomach#In_other_animals
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "anterior intestine" RELATED []
synonym: "mesenteron" RELATED []
synonym: "stomach chamber" NARROW []
synonym: "ventriculus" RELATED []
synonym: "gaster" RELATED [BTO:0001307]
xref: AAO:0000579 ! stomach
xref: BTO:0001307
xref: EFO:0000837 ! stomach
xref: EHDAA:2993 ! stomach
xref: FMA:7148 ! Stomach
xref: GAID:293 ! stomach
xref: VHOG:0000408 ! stomach
xref: MA:0000353 ! stomach
xref: MAT:0000051 ! stomach
xref: MIAA:0000051 ! stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Stomach
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0002121 ! stomach
xref: XAO:0000128 ! stomach
xref: galen:Stomach ! stomach
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! stomach
xref: EHDAA2:0001915 ! stomach
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Stomach_diagram.svg/200px-Stomach_diagram.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17021 ! stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18889 ! stomach of gut
xref: MESH:A03.492.766 ! stomach
xref: EV:0100070 ! stomach
xref: ANISEED:1235297 ! Stomach
is_a: UBERON:0010039 {source="cjm"} ! food storage organ
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
relationship: capable_of GO:0001696 {evidence="ISBN:0486692132"} ! gastric acid secretion
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="ZFA"} ! Danio rerio
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 {source="Kardong", notes="absent in lampreys and hagfishes"} ! Gnathostomata
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Vertebrata
xref: SCTID:181246003 ! Entire stomach
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "Ventricular" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stomach]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Stomach_diagram.svg
property_value: external_definition "Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000579", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000408", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00076.x Smith DM\, Grasty RC\, Theodosiou NA\, Tabin CJ\, Nascone-Yoder NM\, Evolutionary relationships between the amphibian\, avian\, and mammalian stomachs. Evolution and development (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0038351

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001007
name: digestive system
def: "Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes." [FB:gg, NLM:alimentary+system, Wikipedia:Digestive_system,]
comment: note that many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "alimentary system" RELATED []
synonym: "alimentary tract" RELATED []
synonym: "gastrointestinal system" RELATED []
synonym: "gut" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000129 ! digestive_system
xref: BILA:0000082
xref: FBbt:00005055 ! digestive system
xref: FMA:7152 ! Alimentary system
xref: GAID:278 ! digestive system
xref: galen:DigestiveSystem
xref: MA:0002431 ! digestive system
xref: MAT:0000018 ! digestive system
xref: MIAA:0000018 ! digestive system
xref: TAO:0000339 ! digestive system
xref: ZFA:0000339 ! digestive system
xref: WBbt:0005748 ! alimentary system
xref: XAO:0000125 ! alimentary system
xref: TADS:0000170 ! adult alimentary system
xref: EFO:0000793 ! digestive system component
xref: BTO:0000058 ! alimentary canal (also: UBERON:0005409 'gastrointestinal system')
xref: MESH:A03 ! digestive system
xref: EV:0100056 ! alimentary system (also: UBERON:0005409 'gastrointestinal system')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007586 ! digestion
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: ncithesaurus:Digestive_System ! Digestive System
xref: SCTID:278859004 ! Entire digestive system
property_value: external_definition "An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000129", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "digestive" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005409
name: gastrointestinal system
comment: note that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla
synonym: "alimentary system" RELATED [MA:0000323]
synonym: "alimentary tract" RELATED [MA:0000323]
synonym: "gastrointestinal tract" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:71132]
synonym: "gastro-intestinal system" RELATED [FMA:71132]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system" RELATED [FMA:71132]
synonym: "GI tract" RELATED [GAID:294]
synonym: "gastrointestinal (GI) tract" RELATED [GAID:294]
xref: MA:0000323 ! gastrointestinal system
xref: EHDAA2:0000110 ! alimentary system
xref: EHDAA:514 ! alimentary system
xref: VHOG:0000412 ! alimentary system
xref: GAID:294 ! gastrointestinal system
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System
xref: FMA:71132 ! gastrointestinal tract
xref: BTO:0000058 ! alimentary canal (also: UBERON:0001007 'digestive system')
xref: EMAPA:16246 ! alimentary system
xref: MESH:A03.492 ! gastrointestinal system
xref: EV:0100056 ! alimentary system (also: UBERON:0001007 'digestive system')
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
xref: SCTID:373871007 ! Entire gastrointestinal system
xref: galen:GastrointestinalTract ! gastrointestinal tract
property_value: homology_notes "All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000412", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676685 Sherwood Romer A and Parsons T\, Vertebrate body (1977) p.3", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0012240

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
name: hepatobiliary system
def: "The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct" [Wikipedia:Hepatobiliary_system, GO:0061008]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hepaticobiliary system" EXACT [GO:0061008]
synonym: "liver and biliary system" EXACT []
synonym: "liver/biliary system" RELATED []
xref: EFO:0000800 ! liver and biliary system
xref: EHDAA:2189 ! liver and biliary system
xref: VHOG:0000294 ! liver and biliary system
xref: MA:0000324 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: MAT:0000024 ! liver and biliary system
xref: MIAA:0000024 ! liver and biliary system
xref: TAO:0000036 ! liver and biliary system
xref: XAO:0000132 ! liver and biliary system
xref: ZFA:0000036 ! liver and biliary system
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatobiliary_System ! Hepatobiliary System
xref: EHDAA2:0000998 ! liver and biliary system
xref: EMAPA:16840 ! liver and biliary system
xref: EV:0100088 ! liver and biliary system
xref: AAO:0011056 ! liver and biliary system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
xref: UMLS:C1711359
property_value: external_definition "System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator]." xsd:string {source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001555
name: digestive tract
def: "Tube extending from the mouth to the anus." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Human_gastrointestinal_tract, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=2991587&group_id=36855]
comment: Terminology notes: we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this. AO notes: GO says gut is region of DT, from intestines to anus. ZFA treats as synonym for alimentary canal, and treats it as the sum of DT + organs (ZF has no term from stomach). GO says intestines to anus (excludes stomach and esophagus). MA appears to agree with GO (stomach and esophagus are not parts). FMA includes stomach and esophagus as parts of gut -- the FMA divides gut into lower and upper GI tract; it's not clear if this is exhaustive (small intestine is in neither), but lower GI tract may correspond better to the GO definition. NOTE: GO now changed, see sf id in def xref. Note that FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "alimentary canal" NARROW []
synonym: "gut tube" RELATED []
synonym: "digestive tube" EXACT []
synonym: "gut" BROAD []
synonym: "enteric tract" EXACT [ZFA:0000112]
xref: BILA:0000083 ! digestive tract
xref: BTO:0000545 ! gut
xref: EHDAA:518 ! gut
xref: FBbt:00003125 ! alimentary canal
xref: FMA:45615 ! Gut
xref: VHOG:0000309 ! gut
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000112 ! gut
xref: ZFA:0000112 ! gut
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! digestive tract
xref: EHDAA2:0000726 ! gut (also: UBERON:0004907 'lower digestive tract')
xref: BTO:0000511 ! gastrointestinal tract
xref: TGMA:0001819 ! adult alimentary canal
xref: EMAPA:16247 ! gut
xref: WBbt:0005743 ! digestive tract
xref: galen:AlimentaryTract
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007026 {source="NBK10107"} ! primitive gut
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:41324 {source="doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016309"} ! Siboglinidae
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:147099 {source="Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha"} ! Acoelomorpha
xref: AAO:0010023 ! gut tube
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract ! Gastrointestinal Tract
property_value: external_definition "The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000112", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000309", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203\, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0017189

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
name: subdivision of digestive tract
comment: intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct.
synonym: "subdivision of alimentary system" RELATED [FMA:71131]
synonym: "alimentary system subdivision" RELATED [FMA:71131]
subset: non_informative
xref: FMA:71131 ! Subdivision of alimentary system
xref: FBbt:00100315 ! gut section
is_a: UBERON:0013522 ! subdivision of tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: subdivision_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004907
name: lower digestive tract
def: "the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]." [Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract]
comment: WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gut" BROAD [GO:0048565]
synonym: "lower GI tract" EXACT []
synonym: "lower gastrointestinal tract" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000917 ! gut
xref: FMA:49179 ! Lower gastrointestinal tract
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Gastrointestinal_Tract ! Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
xref: galen:LowerGastrointestinalTract ! lower gastrointestinal tract
xref: EHDAA2:0000726 ! gut (also: UBERON:0001555 'digestive tract')
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
xref: SCTID:279973004 ! Entire lower gastrointestinal tract
xref: UMLS:C0226875

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004908
name: upper digestive tract
def: "the region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum." [Wikipedia:Alimentary_canal#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract]
comment: WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "upper gastrointestinal tract" EXACT []
synonym: "upper GI tract" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49177 ! upper gastrointestinal tract
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Gastrointestinal_Tract 
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
xref: galen:UpperGastrointestinalTract
xref: SCTID:181244000 ! Entire upper gastrointestinal tract
xref: UMLS:C0226874

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001041
name: foregut
def: "Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. An anterior part of the alimentary canal derived from the ectoderm[WP]." [Wikipedia:Foregut]
comment: Editor notes: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class (as it appears to be in FMA)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: developmental_classification
xref: BILA:0000085
xref: BTO:0000507
xref: EHDAA:520 ! foregut
xref: FBbt:00005379 ! foregut
xref: FMA:45616 ! Foregut
xref: VHOG:0000285 ! foregut
xref: MA:0001526 ! foregut
xref: XAO:0000232 ! foregut
xref: ncithesaurus:Foregut ! Foregut
xref: EHDAA2:0000557 ! foregut
xref: TGMA:0001014 ! adult foregut
xref: EMAPA:16548 ! foregut
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
xref: AAO:0011042 ! foregut
xref: SCTID:361409009 ! primitive foregut
synonym: "praeenteron" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foregut]
synonym: "proenteron" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foregut]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Gray27.png
property_value: homology_notes "The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000285", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203\, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231051

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001045
name: midgut
def: "Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon. That part of the alimentary canal which lies between the gizzard and the hind intestine." [Wikipedia:Midgut, GO:0007494]
comment: Editor notes: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class. AO Notes: in FMA this class has no children. 
synonym: "mesenteron" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Midgut]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: developmental_classification
xref: BILA:0000086
xref: BTO:0000863
xref: FMA:45617 ! Midgut
xref: VHOG:0000290 ! midgut
xref: MA:0001564 ! midgut
xref: XAO:0000103 ! midgut
xref: ncithesaurus:Midgut ! Midgut
xref: EFO:0001950 ! midgut
xref: EHDAA:983 ! midgut
xref: FBbt:00005383 ! midgut
xref: EHDAA2:0001185 ! midgut
xref: TGMA:0001036 ! adult midgut
xref: EMAPA:16255 ! midgut
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
xref: SCTID:361410004 ! primitive midgut
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000290", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203\, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231052

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001046
name: hindgut
def: "Posterior subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]." [Wikipedia:Hindgut]
comment: Editor notes: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - UBERONREF:0000002). We may explicitly make this a developmental class. AO Notes: in FMA this class has no children. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: developmental_classification
xref: BILA:0000087
xref: BTO:0000510
xref: FBbt:00005384 ! hindgut
xref: FMA:45618 ! Hindgut
xref: VHOG:0000459 ! hindgut
xref: MA:0001527 ! hindgut
xref: XAO:0000104 ! hindgut
xref: ncithesaurus:Hindgut ! Hindgut
xref: EHDAA:975 ! hindgut
xref: EHDAA2:0000779 ! hindgut
xref: TGMA:0001020 ! adult hindgut
xref: EMAPA:16715 ! hindgut
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003104 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesenchyme
xref: AAO:0011052 ! hindgut
xref: SCTID:362856002 ! Entire hindgut
synonym: "metenteron" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hindgut]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray472.png
property_value: homology_notes "The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000459", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.203\, ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231053

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011698
name: midgut loop
def: "Portion of midgut after it bends around the superior mesenteric artery" [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001045 {source="VHOG"} ! midgut
xref: VHOG:0000673 ! midgut loop
xref: ncithesaurus:Midgut_Loop ! midgut loop
xref: EMAPA:17036 ! loop
xref: UMLS:C1513298

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009890
name: anterior intestinal portal
synonym: "fovea cardiaca" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/fovea-cardiaca.html]
def: "opening of the foregut into the midgut" [http://www.drugs.com/dict/fovea-cardiaca.html]
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004906
name: ectodermal gut
def: "A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm." [GO:0007439]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004185
name: endodermal gut
def: "A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm." [GO:0061031]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004163
name: anterior ectodermal midgut
def: "portions of the midgut that are derived from ectoderm." [GO:0007441]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000100
name: blastopore
def: "Structure around the opening into the archenteron during the embryonic stages of an organism. The distinction between protostomes and deuterostomes is based on the direction in which the mouth (stoma) develops in relation to the blastopore." [Wikipedia:Blastopore]
comment: In protostome development, the first opening in development, the blastopore, becomes the animal's mouth; In deuterostome development, the blastopore becomes the animal's anus
subset: metazoa_core
xref: XAO:0000208 ! blastopore
xref: BTO:0001695 ! blastopore
xref: AAO:0000045 ! blastopore
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004735 ! archenteron
relationship: homologous_to FBbt:00000123 {source="vVHOG:0001202"} ! amnioproctodeal invagination
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="http://zfin.org/zf_info/zfbook/stages/gast.html"} ! Danio rerio
subset: early_development
property_value: external_definition "A slit-like invagination on the dorsal side of the blastula surface of the embryo where the mesoderm and endoderm move inside the embryo at gatrulation.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000045", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004879 ! marginal zone of embryo
name: marginal zone of embryo
def: "Belt-like region of presumptive mesoderm at the equator of the late blastula." [XAO:0000068, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/153]
comment: See tracker item for discussion
synonym: "marginal zone" BROAD [XAO:0000068]
synonym: "margin" BROAD [ZFA:0000038]
xref: XAO:0000068 ! marginal zone
xref: ZFA:0000038 ! margin
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
subset: early_development
xref: AAO:0010448 ! marginal zone
xref: TAO:0000038 ! margin
synonym: "margins" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000038]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009888
name: Koller's sickle
def: "a local thickening of cells that acts as a margin separating sheets of cells from posterior margin of avian blastoderms from hypoblasts as they migrate anteriorly to push primary hypoblast cells anteriorly to form a secondary hypoblast known as the endoblast" [Wikipedia:Koller's_sickle, PMID:9693154]
synonym: "Kohler's sickle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
subset: early_development

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002541
name: germ ring
def: "The thickend rim of the blastoderm evident during late blastula and gastrula stages[FishBase]. Embryonic structure which is a uniform thickened annulus at the blastoderm margin, consisting  of two layers in addition to the EVL, the epiblast and the hypoblast.  The germ ring is formed by the involution of the blastoderm back upon itself[ZFA]" [http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=germ%20ring]
comment: todo - check timing of appearance and disappearance - check relationship with primitive streak. he blastopore lips in amphibians appear to have the equivalent function of the germ ring in zebrafish (ES) 
xref: AAO:0000211 ! germ_ring
xref: MAT:0000255 ! germ ring
xref: MIAA:0000255 ! germ ring
xref: TAO:0000111 ! germ ring
xref: ZFA:0000111 ! germ ring
xref: EFO:0003427 ! germ ring
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004734 ! gastrula
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
subset: early_development
property_value: external_definition "Embryonic structure that forms as a thickened annulus at the blastoderm rim.  The germ ring is thickened because it  is the involuting margin of the blastoderm[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]." xsd:string {source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003062 ! primitive knot
name: primitive knot
alt_id: UBERON:0004018
def: "organizer for gastrulation in vertebrates. The primitive knot starts as a regional knot of cells that forms on the blastodisc immediately anterior to where the outer layer of cells will begin to migrate inwards - an area known as the primitive streak. Posterior to the node is the primitive pit, where the cells of the epiblast (the upper layer of embryonic cells) initially begin to invaginate. This invagination expands posteriorly into the primitive groove as the cells layers continue to move into the space between the embryonic cells and the yolk. This differentiates the embryo into the germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The primitive knot migrates posteriorly as gastrulation proceeds, eventually being absorbed into the tail bud.[WP]. the regional thickening of cells at the rostral tip of the vertebrate primitive streak through which gastrulating cells migrate anteriorally to form tissues in the future head and neck; this region organizes the formation of the three embryonic layers and establishes the longitudinal axis and the polarity of the embryo[MP]." [Wikipedia:Primitive_knot, Wikipedia:Regional_specification#Dorsal.2Fventral_axis_.26_organizer, MP:0004066]
comment: This class groups together possibly disparate structures, following homology class in vHOG; early development terms need review
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Spemann Mangold organizer" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0000071]
synonym: "Spemann's organizer" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0000071]
synonym: "organizer" EXACT  [ZFA:0000071]
synonym: "shield" EXACT [ZFA:0000071]
synonym: "embryonic shield" EXACT [http://zfin.org/zf_info/zfbook/stages/gast.html]
synonym: "dorsal marginal zone" RELATED [XAO:0000072]
synonym: "embryonic organizer" EXACT [GAID:1312]
synonym: "embryo organizer" EXACT [GAID:1312]
synonym: "Hensen node" EXACT SENSU [GAID:1312, Wikipedia:Primitive_knot]
synonym: "Hensen's node" EXACT SENSU [GAID:1312, Wikipedia:Primitive_knot]
synonym: "primitive node" EXACT [Wikipedia:Primitive_knot]
synonym: "DMZ" RELATED  [VHOG:0000598]
synonym: "node" BROAD [EMAPA:16075, ISBN:9780878932504]
xref: EHDAA:549 ! primitive node
xref: ncithesaurus:Primitive_Node ! Primitive Node
xref: EHDAA2:0001272 ! primitive node
xref: EMAPA:16075 ! node
xref: BILA:0000053 ! organizer 
xref: BTO:0003395 ! Spemanns organizer
xref: GAID:1312 ! embryonic organizer 
xref: TAO:0000071 ! shield
xref: XAO:0000072 ! dorsal marginal zone
xref: ZFA:0000071 ! shield
xref: AAO:0000346 ! organizer
xref: VHOG:0000598 ! organizer
xref: MESH:A16.254.650 ! embryonic organizer
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0010188 {source="EHDAA2"} ! protuberance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002541 {source="ZFA"} ! germ ring
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004341 {source="EHDAA"} ! primitive streak
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
subset: early_development
xref: SCTID:361464001 ! Primitive node
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007283 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive shield
synonym: "nodus primitivus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Primitive_knot]
property_value: external_definition "A signaling center that directs the development of the whole embryo or of part of the embryo.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000346", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "The organizer is a central feature of vertebrate embryogenesis. It was first characterized in functional terms in amphibians by Spemann and Mangold (1924), and homologous tissues have since been identified in representatives of most other vertebrate classes, including mammals (the node), birds (Henson's node) and teleost fish (the embryonic shield).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000598", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00073.x Neidert AH\, Panopoulou G and Langeland JA\, Amphioxus goosecoid and the evolution of the head organizer and prechordal plate. Evolution and Development (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1283999
property_value: external_definition "Embryonic structure that is a local accumulation of cells along the germ ring.  The shield marks the dorsal side of the embryo[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]." xsd:string {source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004341 ! primitive streak
name: primitive streak
def: "The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP]" [MP:0002231, Wikipedia:Primitive_streak]
comment: AO notes: VHOG includes a very broad grouping here based on PMID:9609826
xref: EMAPA:16072 ! primitive streak
xref: ncithesaurus:Primitive_Streak ! Primitive Streak
xref: EHDAA2:0001525 ! primitive streak
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gray13.png/200px-Gray13.png
xref: EHDAA:185 ! primitive streak
xref: VHOG:0001202 ! primitive streak - blastopore - amnioproctodeal invagination
is_a: UBERON:0000485 {source="EHDAA2"} ! simple columnar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008780 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", source="ISBN:9780878932504"} ! inner cell mass derived epiblast
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 ! Teleostei
subset: early_development
xref: SCTID:361438007 ! Primitive streak
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Gray13.png
synonym: "primitive streak - blastopore - germ ring" EXACT [VHOG:0001202]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the blastopore equivalent of chordates (germ ring in fish, marginal zone/blastopore lip in frog and node/primitive streak in chick and mouse) (...) (reference 1); Indeed, the primitive streak has been considered the homologue of the blastopore since the 1870s (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001202", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:9609826 Wu LH\, Lengyel JA\, Role of caudal in hindgut specification and gastrulation suggests homology between Drosophila amnioproctodeal invagination and vertebrate blastopore. Development (1998)\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.139", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0033153

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002532
name: epiblast (generic)
def: "In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]" [Wikipedia:Epiblast, ZFIN:curator]
comment: MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "epiblast" EXACT [VHOG:0000243]
synonym: "blastocyst" RELATED []
synonym: "primitive ectoderm" RELATED  [VHOG:0000243]
synonym: "ectoblast" RELATED  [MP:0003886]
xref: VHOG:0000243 ! epiblast
xref: MAT:0000067 ! epiblast
xref: MIAA:0000067 ! epiblast
xref: BTO:0004593 ! epiblast
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: has_part CL:0000352 ! epiblast cell
subset: early_development
synonym: "epiblastus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Epiblast]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray21.png
property_value: homology_notes "In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000243", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.113344 Zorn AM\, Wells JM\, Vertebrate endoderm development and organ formation. Annual Review of Cell Developmental Biology (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008780
name: inner cell mass derived epiblast
synonym: "embryonic epiblast" RELATED [MP:0003886]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002532 ! epiblast
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000087 ! inner cell mass
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000087 {source="Wikipedia"} ! inner cell mass
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000091 ! bilaminar disc
xref: EMAPA:16050 ! epiblast
xref: EHDAA2:0000444 ! epiblast
xref: EHDAA:42 ! epiblast
xref: EHDAA:75 ! epiblast
xref: ncithesaurus:Epiblast ! Epiblast
subset: early_development
def: "An epiblast (generic) that develops_from a inner cell mass." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1516906

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008781
name: blastodisc derived epiblast
comment: part of blastodisc in BTO; indirect development in ZFA: df DEL df deep blastomere isa blastomere po blastodisc
intersection_of: UBERON:0002532 ! epiblast
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0004749 ! blastodisc
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004749 {source="Wikipedia"} ! blastodisc
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002541 {source="ZFA"} ! germ ring
xref: TAO:0000018 ! epiblast
xref: ZFA:0000018 ! epiblast
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
subset: early_development
property_value: external_definition "The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000018", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass embryonic structure (VSAO:0000178) CHANGED TO: develops_from embryonic structure (UBERON:0002050)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000018", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass embryonic structure (VSAO:0000178) CHANGED TO: part_of embryonic structure (UBERON:0002050)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000018", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
def: "An epiblast (generic) that develops_from a blastodisc." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007026 ! primitive gut
name: primitive gut
comment: The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis[NBK10107]
xref: BILA:0000084 ! primitive gut
xref: ncithesaurus:Primordial_Gut ! primordial gut
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: existence_starts_during UBERON:0000109 ! gastrula stage
xref: SCTID:360394002 ! Primitive gut region
xref: UMLS:C1514442

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004735 ! archenteron
name: archenteron
def: "The cavity of a gastrula forming a primitive gut[BTO]. The primitive gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing blastula. It develops into the digestive tract of an animal. As primary mesenchyme cells detach from the vegetal pole in the blastula and enter the fluid filled cavity in the center (the blastocoel), the remaining cells at the vegetal pole flatten to form a vegetal plate. This buckles inwards towards the blastocoel in a process called invagination. The cells continue to be rearranged until the shallow dip formed by invagination transforms into a deeper, narrower pouch formed by the gastrula's endoderm. This narrowing and lengthening of the archenteron is driven by convergent extension. The open end of the archenteron is called the blastopore. The filopodia--thin fibers formed by the mesenchyme cells--found in a late gastrula contract to drag the tip of the archenteron across the blastocoel. The endoderm of the archenteron will fuse with the ectoderm of the blastocoel wall. At this point gastrulation is complete, and the gastrula has a functional digestive tube. The indentation that is actually formed is called the lip of the blastopore in amphibians and fish, and the primitive streak in birds and mammals. Each is controlled by the dorsal blastopore, and primitive node (also known as Hensen's node), respectively." [Wikipedia:Archenteron]
synonym: "gastrocoel" RELATED [XAO:0000092]
synonym: "mesenteron" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: BTO:0001696 ! archenteron
xref: XAO:0000092 ! archenteron
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007026 ! primitive gut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004734 ! gastrula
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="http://zfin.org/zf_info/zfbook/stages/gast.html"} ! Danio rerio
xref: AAO:0010430 ! archenteron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000930
name: stomodeum
def: "Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth[ZFA]. In humans, a depression between the brain and the pericardium in an embryo, and is the precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The stomodeum is lined by ectoderm, and is separated from the anterior end of the fore-gut by the buccopharyngeal membrane. This membrane is devoid of mesoderm, being formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the fore-gut endoderm; at the end of the third week it disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx[WP]. The anterior part of the embryonic digestive system deriving from the stomodeal invagination of the ectoderm[FBbt]." [Wikipedia:Stomodeum]
comment: Editor note: consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence. Taxon note: This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "primitive oral cavity" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "stomodaeum" EXACT []
synonym: "stomatodeum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Stomodeum]
synonym: "mouth primordium" EXACT [XAO:0000269]
xref: FBbt:00000439 ! stomodeum
xref: ZFA:0001290 ! stomodeum
xref: EMAPA:16263 ! stomatodaeum
xref: XAO:0000269 ! mouth primordium
xref: ncithesaurus:Stomodeum ! Stomodeum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray977.png/200px-Gray977.png
xref: TGMA:0000135 ! adult stomodeum
xref: BTO:0004224 ! stomodeum
is_a: UBERON:0003102 {source="ZFA"} ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007026 ! primitive gut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001929 ! stomatodaeum
xref: TAO:0001290 ! stomodeum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray977.png
property_value: external_definition "Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001290", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "stomodeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1514977

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009715
name: stomodeal cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000930 ! stomodeum
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a stomodeum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000931 ! proctodeum
name: proctodeum
def: "Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage[ZFA]. A proctodeum is the back ectodermal part of an alimentary canal. It is created during embryogenesis by a folding of the outer body wall[WP]." [Wikipedia:Proctodeum]
comment: removed WBbt:0006795 - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "proctodaeum" EXACT []
synonym: "embryonic proctodaeum" EXACT []
xref: FBbt:00000440 
xref: VHOG:0000139 ! proctodeum
xref: XAO:0001019 ! proctodeum
xref: AAO:0011087 ! proctodeum
xref: ncithesaurus:Proctodeum ! Proctodeum
xref: ZFA:0000066 ! proctodeum
xref: VHOG:0000139 ! proctodeum
xref: TAO:0000066 ! proctodeum
xref: EHDAA2:0000121 ! anal pit
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007026 ! primitive gut
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
xref: AAO:0011087 ! proctodeum
property_value: external_definition "Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011087", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ZFA:0000066"}
property_value: external_definition "An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000066", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "anal pit" RELATED [VHOG:0000139]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "proctodeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0231054

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001245
name: anus
def: "Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts." [Wikipedia:Anus, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Taxon notes: In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "opening of terminal part of digestive tract" EXACT []
synonym: "anal orifice" EXACT []
synonym: "anal opening" EXACT []
synonym: "proctodeum" RELATED []
xref: FMA:15711 ! Anus
xref: GAID:312 ! anus
xref: galen:Anus
xref: MA:0000331 ! anus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: WBbt:0005364 ! anus
xref: FBbt:00003148 ! adult anus
xref: FBbt:00001893 ! larval anus
xref: TADS:0000066 ! adult anus
xref: BTO:0001680 ! anus
xref: TGMA:0001279 ! anus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! anus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Anorectum.gif/200px-Anorectum.gif
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.767.288 ! anus
xref: EV:0100082 ! anus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
intersection_of: distal_part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000931 ! proctodeum
xref: ncithesaurus:Anus ! Anus
xref: SCTID:181262009 ! Entire anus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Protovsdeuterostomes.svg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "anal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0003461

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000165
name: mouth
def: "The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes teeth, gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate." [Wikipedia:Mouth, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000034]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "regio oralis" EXACT [BTO:0004698]
synonym: "stoma" RELATED []
synonym: "adult mouth" EXACT []
synonym: "cavitas oris" RELATED [BTO:0001090]
synonym: "cavum oris" RELATED [BTO:0001090]
synonym: "mouth cavity" RELATED [BTO:0001090]
synonym: "oral vestibule" RELATED [BTO:0001090]
synonym: "rima oris" RELATED [BTO:0001090]
synonym: "vestibule of mouth" RELATED [BTO:0001090]
synonym: "vestibulum oris" RELATED [BTO:0001090]
synonym: "stomatodaeum" RELATED [VHOG:0000812]
synonym: "regio oralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:49184]
synonym: "cavital oralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mouth]
synonym: "oral region" RELATED [EHDAA2:0001326]
xref: BTO:0001090
xref: EFO:0000825 ! mouth
xref: FMA:49184 ! Mouth
xref: GAID:75 ! mouth
xref: VHOG:0000812 ! mouth
xref: MA:0002474 ! mouth
xref: MAT:0000038 ! mouth
xref: MIAA:0000038 ! mouth
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000547 ! mouth
xref: XAO:0003029 ! mouth
xref: ZFA:0000547 ! mouth
xref: galen:Mouth ! mouth
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! mouth
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Mouth_illustration-Otis_Archives.jpg/180px-Mouth_illustration-Otis_Archives.jpg
xref: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/images/lamprey_sucker_rosava_3238889218.jpg
xref: TGMA:0000131 ! adult mouth (also: UBERON:0000166 'oral opening')
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.631 ! mouth
xref: FBbt:00003126 ! adult mouth
xref: TADS:0000040 ! adult mouth
xref: EHDAA2:0001326 ! oral region
xref: MA:0000341 ! oral region
xref: VHOG:0000280 ! oral region
xref: TAO:0000590 ! oral region
xref: ZFA:0000590 ! oral region
xref: EHDAA:542 ! oral region
xref: EMAPA:16262 ! oral region
xref: BTO:0004698 ! regio oralis
intersection_of: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
intersection_of: proximal_part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000930 ! stomodeum
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001004 {notes="exceptions in some taxa"} ! respiratory system
xref: AAO:0010355 ! mouth
property_value: external_definition "Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010355", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: SCTID:21082005 ! Entire mouth region
property_value: homology_notes "Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000812", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nature07309 Hejnol A\, Martindale MQ\, Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus. Nature (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "oral" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000166
name: oral opening
def: "The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterio of the body." [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000034]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mouth" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "oral part of face" RELATED []
synonym: "subdivision of mouth" RELATED []
synonym: "oral fissure" EXACT [FMA:59806]
synonym: "oral orifice" EXACT [FMA:59806]
xref: FMA:59806 ! Oral opening
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
property_value: homology_notes " (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000280", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.06.002 Christiaen L\, Jaszczyszyn Y\, Kerfant M\, Kanob S\, Thermes V\, Joly JS\, Evolutionary modification of mouth position in deuterostomes. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000167
name: oral cavity
def: "Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present)" [UBERON:cjm, ISBN10:0073040584, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000034]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cavity of mouth" EXACT []
synonym: "buccal cavity" EXACT [FMA:20292, ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "bucca" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000053 ! buccal_cavity
xref: EHDAA:6970 ! oral cavity
xref: FMA:20292 ! Oral cavity
xref: HAO:0000669 ! oral cavity
xref: VHOG:0000188 ! oral cavity
xref: TAO:0001027 ! oral cavity
xref: WBbt:0005255 ! buccal cavity
xref: XAO:0000126 ! oral cavity
xref: ZFA:0001027 ! oral cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Oral_Cavity ! Oral Cavity
xref: EFO:0001975 ! obsolete_oral cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0001324 ! oral cavity
xref: TGMA:0000102 ! adult cibarium
xref: EMAPA:17411 ! oral cavity
xref: EMAPA:18399 ! cavity of oral region
xref: EV:0100057 ! oral cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
xref: AAO:0000960 ! buccal cavity
xref: SCTID:181220002 ! Entire oral cavity
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000960", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000188", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral+cavity", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000188", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.32", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0226896

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011640
name: palatoglossal arch
def: "A fold that lies between the mouth and pharynx and marks the posterior border of the mouth" [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Palatoglossal_arch]
synonym: "anterior pillar of fauces" EXACT  [FMA:55024]
synonym: "glossopalatine arch" EXACT  [FMA:55024]
synonym: "plica anterior faucium" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "arcus palatoglossus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palatoglossal_arch]
synonym: "arcus glossopalatinus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palatoglossal_arch]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
xref: FMA:55024 ! palatoglossal arch
xref: SCTID:276958001 ! Entire anterior pillar of fauces

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004022 ! embryonic neuroepithelium
name: embryonic neuroepithelium
def: "the epithelial cell layer that lines the neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells" [MP:0004261]
synonym: "neurepithelium" BROAD [BTO:0000314]
synonym: "neuroepithelium" EXACT [AEO:0001008]
xref: BTO:0000314 ! neuroepithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004654 ! neuroepithelium
xref: AEO:0001008 ! neuroepithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000076
name: external ectoderm
def: "The surface ectoderm (or external ectoderm forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:External_ectoderm]
comment: Editor note: merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube).
synonym: "surface ectoderm" EXACT []
xref: FMA:87656 ! Surface ectoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Surface_Ectoderm ! Surface Ectoderm
xref: EHDAA:1494 ! surface ectoderm
xref: EHDAA:350 ! surface ectoderm
xref: EHDAA:4784 ! surface ectoderm
xref: EHDAA:4790 ! surface ectoderm
xref: EHDAA:4796 ! surface ectoderm
xref: EHDAA:7860 ! surface ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001968 ! surface ectoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ectoderm.png/200px-Ectoderm.png
xref: EMAPA:16096 ! surface ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16539 ! surface ectoderm of optic eminence (also: UBERON:0005216 'optic eminence surface ectoderm')
is_a: UBERON:0000923 ! germ layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
xref: UMLS:C1515087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005497
name: non-neural ectoderm
subset: vertebrate_core
comment: Development notes: After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm. Editor note: todo - epidermis? todo - track down EHDAA2 class in new release // Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998)
synonym: "surface ectoderm" RELATED [UBERONREF:0000002]
synonym: "epithelial ectoderm" NARROW [UBERONREF:0000002]
synonym: "epidermal ectoderm" NARROW [UBERONREF:0000002]
synonym: "ventral ectoderm" EXACT [ZFA:0001178]
synonym: "non neural ectoderm" EXACT [ZFA:0001178]
xref: ZFA:0001178 ! non neural ectoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001273 ! non-neural ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16074 ! non-neural ectoderm
xref: VHOG:0001372 ! non neural ectoderm
xref: EHDAA:257 ! non-neural ectoderm
xref: EFO:0003643 ! non neural ectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! ectoderm
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002346 ! neural ectoderm
xref: XAO:0004091 ! non-neural ectoderm
xref: TAO:0001178 ! non neural ectoderm
property_value: homology_notes "In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001372", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002346
name: neurectoderm
def: "Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue." [Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm]
comment: Terminology notes: we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neuaral ectoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "neural ectoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "neuroectoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "presumptive central nervous system" RELATED []
xref: BILA:0000039
xref: EHDAA:1498 ! neural ectoderm
xref: EHDAA:255 ! neural ectoderm
xref: FBbt:00001061 ! ventral neurogenic region
xref: FMA:87657 ! Neural ectoderm
xref: VHOG:0000150 ! neuroectoderm
xref: MAT:0000176 ! neurectoderm
xref: MIAA:0000176 ! neurectoderm
xref: TAO:0001120 ! neuroectoderm
xref: XAO:0000042 ! neuroectoderm
xref: ZFA:0001120 ! neuroectoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Neuroectoderm ! Neuroectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001248 ! neural ectoderm
xref: AAO:0011074 ! neuroectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16073 ! neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EV:0100004 ! neuroectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000923 ! germ layer
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! ectoderm
relationship: has_part CL:0000133 ! neurectodermal cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000530 {source="ZFA"} ! primary neuron
synonym: "epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neuroectoderm]
synonym: "ventral neurogenic region" RELATED [VHOG:0000150]
property_value: homology_notes "(...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000150", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "neurectodermal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1518271

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010232
name: placodal ectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003075
name: neural plate
def: "A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]" [ISBN:0815318960, OMD:neural+plate, Wikipedia:Neural_plate, ZFIN:curator]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "presumptive central nervous system" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA:346 ! neural plate
xref: EHDAA:902 ! neural plate
xref: VHOG:0000068 ! neural plate
xref: TAO:0000132 ! neural plate
xref: XAO:0000249 ! neural plate
xref: ZFA:0000132 ! neural plate
xref: ncithesaurus:Neural_Plate ! Neural Plate
xref: BTO:0001765 ! neural plate
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 ! neural plate
xref: EMAPA:16095 ! neural plate of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16527 ! neural plate of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16756 ! neural plate of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000483 {source="GO"} ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002346 ! neural ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002346 {source="XAO"} ! neural ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007284 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive neural plate
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="GOTAX:0000352"} ! Chordata
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0002328 {source="Wikipedia"} ! notochord
xref: AAO:0011072 ! neural plate
synonym: "lamina neuralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neural_plate]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png
property_value: external_definition "The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000132", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000068", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0920623

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005061
name: neural groove
def: "The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds." [GOC:cjm, GO:0001842, Wikipedia:Neural_groove]
xref: XAO:0000248 ! neural groove
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
xref: ncithesaurus:Neural_Groove ! Neural Groove
xref: AAO:0011071 ! neural groove
xref: SCTID:361463007 ! Neural groove
property_value: external_definition "The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Neural_groove"}
xref: UMLS:C0814992

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005062
name: neural fold
def: "One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]." [GO:0001842, MP:0011256, Wikipedia:Neural_fold]
synonym: "medullary fold" EXACT [MP:0011256]
xref: EMAPA:16142 ! neural fold of future midbrain of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16146 ! neural fold of future prosencephalon
xref: EMAPA:16151 ! neural fold of anterior pro-rhombomere
xref: EMAPA:16155 ! neural fold of early hindbrain neural ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16159 ! neural fold of posterior pro-rhombomere
xref: EMAPA:16288 ! neural fold of hindbrain posterior to rhombomere 05
xref: EMAPA:16292 ! neural fold of rhombomere 01 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16295 ! neural fold of rhombomere 02 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16299 ! neural fold of rhombomere 03 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16303 ! neural fold of rhombomere 04 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16307 ! neural fold of rhombomere 05 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16093 ! neural fold of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16162 ! neural fold of neural plate of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16528 ! neural fold of neural plate of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EHDAA2:0001249 ! neural fold
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0005157 ! epithelial fold
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
xref: ncithesaurus:Neural_Fold ! Neural Fold
xref: SCTID:361461009 ! Neural fold
xref: XAO:0004087 ! neural fold
property_value: external_definition "In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Neural_fold"}
xref: UMLS:C0814993

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003076
name: posterior neural tube
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: VHOG:0001383 ! posterior neural tube
xref: TAO:0007037 ! posterior neural tube
xref: XAO:0000250 ! posterior neural tube
xref: ZFA:0007037 ! posterior neural tube
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003057 ! chordal neural plate
xref: AAO:0011082 ! posterior neural tube
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001383", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007135 ! neural keel
name: neural keel
def: "An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]
synonym: "presumptive central nervous system" RELATED [ZFA:0000131]
xref: TAO:0000131 ! neural keel
xref: ZFA:0000131 ! neural keel
xref: EFO:0003497 ! neural keel
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
property_value: external_definition "An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000131", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005068
name: neural rod
def: "a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]." [GO:0014024, ZFA:0000133]
xref: ZFA:0000133 ! neural rod
xref: EFO:0003498 ! neural rod
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002346 ! neural ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007135 ! neural keel
xref: TAO:0000133 ! neural rod
property_value: external_definition "An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000133", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001049
name: neural tube
def: "In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Neural_tube]
comment: The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium[GO:0021915]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "presumptive central nervous system" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001057
xref: EHDAA:2869 ! neural tube
xref: EHDAA:908 ! neural tube
xref: EMAPA:16164 ! neural tube of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16530 ! neural tube of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16757 ! neural tube of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: VHOG:0000307 ! neural tube
xref: MAT:0000069 ! neural tube
xref: MIAA:0000069 ! neural tube
xref: TAO:0001135 ! neural tube
xref: ZFA:0001135 ! neural tube
xref: XAO:0003204 ! neural tube
xref: ncithesaurus:Neural_Tube ! Neural Tube
xref: EHDAA2:0001254 ! neural tube
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial tube
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 {source="GO"} ! nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002346 ! neural ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005068 ! neural rod
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
xref: AAO:0010617 ! neural tube
xref: SCTID:362852000 ! Entire neural tube
synonym: "tubus neuralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neural_tube]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png
property_value: external_definition "Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010617", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:JOR"}
property_value: external_definition "The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000307", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neural+tube", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000307", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231024

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001054
name: Malpighian tubule
def: "The most important structure of the insect's excretory organ, which may comprise cystiform or labyrinthine highly versatile tubules having their outlet into the inital section of the rectum[FBbt]. Any of a group of long blind vessels opening into the posterior part of the alimentary canal in most insects and some other arthropods and functioning primarily as excretory organs[BTO]." [ISBN:3110148986, Wikipedia:Malpighian_tubule]
comment: Editor note: this will be ceded to the Arthropod Anatomy Ontology
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Malphigian tube" RELATED [BTO:0000810]
synonym: "tuba Malpighii" RELATED [BTO:0000810]
xref: BTO:0000810
xref: EFO:0000243 ! Malpighian tubule
xref: FBbt:00005786 ! Malpighian tubule
xref: FBbt:00001896 ! embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule
xref: GAID:1228 ! malpighian tubule
xref: MAT:0000123 ! Malpighian tubules
xref: MIAA:0000123 ! Malpighian tubules
xref: TADS:0000163 ! adult malpighian tubule
xref: TGMA:0001038 ! adult Malpighian tubules 
xref: MESH:A13.574 ! malpighian tubule
is_a: UBERON:0009773 {source="GO"} ! renal tubule
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
xref: SCTID:41055008 ! Malpighian tubules

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009962
name: excretory gland
comment: todo - child terms
def: "A gland that discharges its secretion through a duct opening on an internal or external surface of the body, as a lacrimal gland." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
is_a: UBERON:0002530 {source="BTO"} ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! excretory system
xref: BTO:0000431 ! excretory gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009963 ! antennal gland
name: antennal gland
def: "Excretory gland situated in the basal article of the antennal peduncle. It functions to rehulate ionic balance" [BTO:0000075, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor note: consider also classifying this as a renal tubule - or separate terms for coiled/nephridial canal. Editor note: cede this term to Arthropod AO
synonym: "green gland" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0009962 {source="BTO"} ! excretory gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000972 {source="BTO"} ! antenna
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6657 ! Crustacea
xref: BTO:0000075 ! antennal gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009964
name: crustacean maxillary gland
def: "Excretory organ in maxillary segment with duct opening on maxilla." [http://crustacea.nhm.org/glossary/define.html]
comment: Taxon notes: consider generalizing to include millipedes, centipedes. Function: Two different excretory organs are found among crustaceans: the antennal gland and the maxillary gland. Both have the same basic structure: an end sac and a convoluted duct that may expand into a bladder before opening to the outside. In most adult crustaceans only one or the other gland functions. The functional gland may change during the life cycle. Terminology note: http://crustacea.nhm.org/glossary/define.html?termID=327 suggests green gland as the generic term and antennal as the decapoda term. Editor note: cede this term to Arthropod AO
is_a: UBERON:0009962 {source="BTO"} ! excretory gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6657 ! Crustacea
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001832 ! sublingual gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010264 ! hepatopancreas
name: hepatopancreas
def: "an organ of the digestive tract of arthropods and molluscs. It provides the functions which in mammals are provided separately by the liver and pancreas, including the production of digestive enzymes, and absorption of digested food." [Wikipedia:Hepatopancreas]
is_a: UBERON:0006925 {source="BTO"} ! digestive gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001045 {source="BTO"} ! midgut
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6657 ! Crustacea
xref: BTO:0000597 ! hepatopancreas
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002107 ! liver

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010265
name: mollusc hepatopancreas
def: "." [Wikipedia:Digestive_system_of_gastropods#Hepatopancreas]
is_a: UBERON:0010264 ! hepatopancreas
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010266
name: arthropod hepatopancreas
def: "Digestive gland of crustaceans with functions approximately analogous to liver and pancreas of vertebrates - enzyme secretion, food absorption and storage." [BTO:0000597]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
synonym: "crustacean digestive gland" RELATED  []
synonym: "midgut gland" RELATED  [BTO:0000597]
is_a: UBERON:0010264 ! hepatopancreas
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 {source="PMID:18025161"} ! immune system
relationship: has_part CL:0000387 {source="PMID:18025161"} ! hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6657 ! Crustacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009965
name: coxal gland
def: "a gland found in some arthropods, for collecting and excreting urine. The gland comprises an end sac (saccule), a long duct (labyrinth) and a terminal bladder (reservoir). There is generally only one pair (two in some spiders), and they open on the coxae of the walking legs[WP]." [Wikipedia:Coxal_gland]
comment: Taxon notes: They are found in all arachnids (with the exception of some Acari), and in other chelicerates, such as horseshoe crabs. Homology: The coxal gland is thought to be homologous with the antennal gland of crustaceans. Editor note: cede this term to Arthropod AO
is_a: UBERON:0009962 {source="BTO"} ! excretory gland
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0009963 ! antennal gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6854 ! Arachnida
xref: TADS:0000080 ! adult coxal gland
xref: SPD:0000116 ! coxal gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001055
name: obsolete ureter
def: "the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder." [MP:0000534]
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0000056
consider: UBERON:0000057

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001053
name: neurohemal organ
def: "A system of neurons that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system." [BTO:0002106]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 {source="BTO"} ! nervous system
synonym: "neurohaemal organ" RELATED []
xref: EFO:0000864 ! neurohemal organ
xref: FBbt:00005757 ! neurohemal organ
xref: MAT:0000212 ! neurohemal organ
xref: MIAA:0000212 ! neurohemal organ
xref: BTO:0002106 ! neurohemal organ
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012325
name: retrocerebral complex
def: "Corpora allata with Corpora cardiaca form the retrocerebral complex, a neurosecretory organ." [BTO:0001803]
is_a: UBERON:0002368 {source="BTO"} ! endocrine gland
xref: BTO:0001803 ! retrocerebral complex
xref: FBbt:00001718 ! retrocerebral complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001056
name: corpus cardiacum
def: "One of a pair of neurohemal organs located on the walls of the aorta just behind the brain. The corpora cardiaca release their store of PTTH only after they receive a signal from neurosecretory cells in the brain." [BTO:0000432, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_cardiacum#Endocrine_system]
comment: will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology
synonym: "corpora cardiaca" RELATED PLURAL [BTO:0000432]
xref: BTO:0000432
xref: EFO:0000380 ! corpus cardiacum
xref: FBbt:00005799 ! corpus cardiacum
xref: MAT:0000211 ! corpus cardiacum
xref: MIAA:0000211 ! corpus cardiacum
is_a: UBERON:0002368 {source="BTO"} ! endocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012325 {source="BTO-modified"} ! retrocerebral complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001057
name: corpus allatum
def: "One of a pair of separate or fused bodies in many insects that are sometimes closely associated with the corpora cardiaca and that secrete hormones (as juvenile hormone)[BTO]." [BTO:0000291, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpora_allata]
comment: will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "corpora allata" RELATED PLURAL [BTO:0000291]
xref: BTO:0000291
xref: EFO:0000379 ! corpus allatum
xref: FBbt:00005800 ! corpus allatum
xref: MAT:0000210 ! corpus allatum
xref: MIAA:0000210 ! corpus allatum
xref: MESH:A08.713.100 ! corpora allata
is_a: UBERON:0002368 {source="BTO"} ! endocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012325 {source="BTO-modified"} ! retrocerebral complex
relationship: capable_of GO:0045443 {source="Wikipedia"} ! juvenile hormone secretion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001058
name: mushroom body
def: "Prominent lobed neuropils found in annelids and all arthropods except crustaceans. They are thought to be involved in olfactory associative learning and memory[MESH] Mushroom body neuropils are divided into calyces, pedunculus, and its subsequent lobes. In Drosophila these are the alpha, beta, and gamma lobes." [http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html, Wikipedia:Mushroom_body, MESH:A13.641]
comment: Taxon notes: Also in annelids. "Comparison to the verte- brate pallium reveals that the annelid mushroom bodies develop from similar molecular coordinates within a conserved overall molecular brain topology and that their development involves conserved patterning mechanisms and produces conserved neuron types that existed already in the proto- stome-deuterostome ancestors. These data indicate deep homology of pallium and mushroom bodies and date back the origin of higher brain centers to prebilaterian times" [PMID:20813265]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "corpora pedunculata" EXACT  [FBbt:00005801]
synonym: "mushroom bodies" EXACT PLURAL  []
xref: EFO:0000925 ! mushroom body
xref: FBbt:00005801 ! mushroom body
xref: GAID:1231 ! mushroom body
xref: MAT:0000336 ! mushroom body
xref: MIAA:0000336 ! mushroom body
xref: BTO:0002675 ! mushroom body
xref: MESH:A13.641 ! mushroom body
is_a: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:33317 {notes="annelids and arthropods"} ! Protostomia
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6340 ! Annelida
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6217 ! Nemertea
relationship: has_function_in GO:0008355 {source="Wikipedia"} ! olfactory learning
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007613 {source="Wikipedia"} ! memory

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001059
name: pars intercerebralis
def: "a neurosecretory center of the insect brain, located along the anterior midline[wiktionary]. A medial cleft or depression dividing the left and right protocerebrum and containing numerous large and small somata of neurosecretory and neuromodulatory neurons[FBbt]." [http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pars_intercerebralis]
comment: will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EFO:0000926 ! pars intercerebralis
xref: FBbt:00005802 ! pars intercerebralis
xref: MAT:0000337 ! pars intercerebralis
xref: MIAA:0000337 ! pars intercerebralis
is_a: UBERON:0005162 ! multi cell component structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 {source="FBbt"} ! brain
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001062
name: anatomical entity
def: "Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species." [CARO:MAH, FMA:62955]
subset: upper_level
xref: BILA:0000000
xref: FBbt_root:00000000 ! anatomical entity
xref: FBbt:10000000 ! anatomical entity
xref: FMA:62955 ! Anatomical entity
xref: HAO:0000000 ! anatomical entity
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_6
xref: TAO:0100000 ! teleost anatomical entity
xref: ZFA:0100000 ! zebrafish anatomical entity
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_6 ! Anatomical entity
xref: EHDAA2:0002229 ! anatomical entity
xref: AEO:0000000 ! anatomical entity
xref: CARO:0000000 ! anatomical entity
xref: TGMA:0001822 ! anatomical entity
xref: MA:0000001 ! mouse anatomical entity
xref: AAO:0010841 ! unclassified anatomical entity
xref: ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance ! anatomic structure, system, or substance
xref: UMLS:C1515976

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001063
name: flocculus
alt_id: UBERON:Flocculus-MA_0000992
def: "a small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle anterior to the biventer lobule[WP]." [Wikipedia:Flocculus_(cerebellar)]
comment: AO Notes: flocculus is an exact label for two distinct classes in NIF. Function notes: At its base, the flocculus receives input from the middle ears vestibular system and regulates balance. Many floccular projections descend to the spinal cord and connect to the motor nuclei involved in control of eye movement.[WP]. Taxon notes: enlarged in pterosaurs[PMID:14586467]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hemispheric lobule X" RELATED INCONSISTENT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081213]
xref: MA:0000992 ! flocculus
xref: FMA:83881 ! Flocculus of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1329 ! Flocculus
xref: ABA:FL ! Flocculus
is_a: UBERON:0002749 ! regional part of cerebellar cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002245 ! hemisphere of cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003012 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! flocculonodular lobe
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005348 {source="ABA"} ! ansiform lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005347 {source="ABA"} ! copula pyramidis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005351 {source="ABA"} ! paraflocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005349 {source="ABA"} ! paramedian lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005350 {source="ABA"} ! lobule simplex
xref: SCTID:30711003 ! Flocculus
synonym: "flocculus of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83881]
synonym: "H X" RELATED [FMA:83881]
synonym: "lobule X" RELATED [FMA:83881]
synonym: "neuraxis flocculus" EXACT [FMA:83881]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004913 ! hepatopancreatic ampulla
name: hepatopancreatic ampulla
def: "A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct." [Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ampulla of Vater" EXACT []
synonym: "Vater's ampulla" EXACT []
synonym: "biliaropancreatic ampulla" EXACT []
synonym: "ampulla of bile duct" EXACT [FMA:15076]
synonym: "papilla duodeni major" RELATED [ZFA:0005167]
synonym: "papilla Vateri" EXACT [ZFA:0005167]
xref: GAID:283 ! vater's ampulla
xref: FMA:15076 ! hepatopancreatic ampulla
xref: ZFA:0005167 ! hepatopancreatic ampulla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Biliary_system_new.svg/200px-Biliary_system_new.svg.png
xref: MESH:A03.159.183.079.300.900 ! vater's ampulla
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004914 ! duodenal papilla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001174 ! common bile duct
synonym: "ampulla biliaropancreatica" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15076]
xref: ncithesaurus:Ampulla_of_Vater ! Ampulla of Vater
xref: galen:AmpullaOfVater
xref: SCTID:362200007 ! Entire ampulla of Vater
xref: TAO:0005167 ! hepatopancreatic ampulla
synonym: "Ampulla hepatopancreatica, ampulla Vaterii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Biliary_system_new.svg
property_value: external_definition "Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005167", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-070212-11", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080414-12"}
xref: UMLS:C0042425

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004914
name: duodenal papilla
synonym: "papilla of duodenum" EXACT []
synonym: "papilla duodenalis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15953 ! duodenal papilla
xref: EMAPA:18662 ! duodenal papilla of duodenum of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:18853 ! duodenal papilla of duodenum of gut
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gray1057.png/200px-Gray1057.png
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: SCTID:245389007 ! Entire duodenal papilla
synonym: "papilla duodeni major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla]
synonym: "papilla duodeni minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Minor_duodenal_papilla]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray1057.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012271
name: major duodenal papilla
def: "The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct together perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum obliquely, some 7 to 10 cm below the pylorus, forming a structure called the major duodenal papilla. The accessory pancreatic duct sometimes pierces it about 2 cm above and slightly in front of these." [Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla]
synonym: "major papilla" RELATED [Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla]
synonym: "papilla duodeni major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla]
synonym: "greater duodenal papilla" EXACT  [FMA:15074]
synonym: "tubercle of Vater" EXACT  [FMA:15074]
is_a: UBERON:0004914 ! duodenal papilla
xref: FMA:15074 ! major duodenal papilla
xref: SCTID:181272007 ! Entire greater duodenal papilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012272
name: minor duodenal papilla
def: "The minor duodenal papilla is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum. It is sometimes absent, and often nonfunctional." [Wikipedia:Minor_duodenal_papilla]
synonym: "minor papilla" RELATED [Wikipedia:Minor_duodenal_papilla]
synonym: "Santorini's minor caruncle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Minor_duodenal_papilla]
synonym: "lesser duodenal papilla" EXACT  [FMA:15075]
synonym: "Santorini's caruncle" EXACT  [FMA:15075]
is_a: UBERON:0004914 ! duodenal papilla
xref: FMA:15075 ! minor duodenal papilla
xref: SCTID:245390003 ! Entire lesser duodenal papilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012273 ! periampullary region of duodenum
name: periampullary region of duodenum
synonym: "periampullary region" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: ncithesaurus:Periampullary_Region ! periampullary region
xref: UMLS:C1882332

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013644
name: duodenal ampulla
def: "the very first part of the duodenum which is slightly dilated." [Wikipedia:Duodenal_cap]
synonym: "ampulla (duodenum)" EXACT  [FMA:14927]
synonym: "ampulla duodeni" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ampulla of duodenum" EXACT  [FMA:14927]
synonym: "bulbus (duodenum)" EXACT  [FMA:14927]
synonym: "bulbus duodeni" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "duodenal cap" EXACT  [FMA:14927]
synonym: "duodenal cap viewed radiologically" EXACT  [FMA:14927]
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
xref: FMA:14927 ! duodenal ampulla
xref: SCTID:362149005 ! Entire duodenal ampulla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005050
name: liver papillary process
synonym: "processus papillaris" EXACT [FMA:14506]
synonym: "papillary process of caudate lobe of liver" EXACT [FMA:14506]
xref: FMA:14506 ! Papillary process of caudate lobe of liver
xref: MA:0001643 ! liver papillary process
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver
xref: SCTID:271187002 ! Entire papillary process of caudate lobe of liver

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004915
name: sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla
def: "muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]." [Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla]
synonym: "sphincter of Oddi" EXACT []
synonym: "Oddi's sphincter" EXACT []
synonym: "hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter" EXACT [FMA:15077]
synonym: "musculus sphincter ampullae" EXACT [FMA:15077]
synonym: "sphincter of ampulla of vater" EXACT [FMA:15077]
xref: GAID:285 ! oddi's sphincter
xref: FMA:15077 ! sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gray1057.png/200px-Gray1057.png
xref: EMAPA:18663 ! sphincter of Oddi of duodenum of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:18854 ! sphincter of Oddi of duodenum of gut
xref: MESH:A03.159.183.079.300.900.600 ! oddi's sphincter
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004913 ! hepatopancreatic ampulla
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphincter_of_Oddi ! Sphincter of Oddi
xref: SCTID:181271000 ! Entire sphincter of Oddi
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray1057.png
xref: UMLS:C0028872

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001065
name: parotid duct
def: "The parotid duct, also known as Stensen's duct, is the route that saliva takes from the parotid gland into the mouth. It passes through the buccal fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator muscle then opens into the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper second molar tooth. The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents inflation of the duct during blowing. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Parotid_duct]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "duct of parotid gland" EXACT []
synonym: "stenon duct" EXACT []
synonym: "Stensen's duct" EXACT []
synonym: "Stensens's duct" EXACT []
synonym: "duct of parotid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parotid gland duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:10420 ! Parotid duct
xref: MA:0002697 ! parotid duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Parotid_Duct ! Parotid Duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gray1023.png/200px-Gray1023.png
xref: BTO:0004554 ! parotid gland duct
is_a: UBERON:0001837 ! duct of salivary gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001831 ! parotid gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001831 ! parotid gland
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001831 ! parotid gland
xref: SCTID:362175009 ! Entire parotid duct
synonym: "ductus parotideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parotid_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray1023.png
xref: UMLS:C0227458

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001068
name: skin of back
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
synonym: "skin, dorsal region" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "back skin" EXACT []
synonym: "back zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:10462 ! Skin of back
xref: MA:0000498 ! back skin
xref: FMA:22985 ! Zone of skin of back
is_a: UBERON:0001085 {source="MA"} ! skin of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011270 {source="MA"} ! dorsal trunk
xref: SCTID:181492002 ! Entire skin of back

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005191
name: obsolete cervical artery
def: "An artery that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012320
name: cervical artery
def: "An artery of the neck" [UBERON:cjm]
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Artery ! Cervical Artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: UMLS:C1707349

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012324
name: transverse cervical artery
def: "The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery." [Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery]
comment: AO notes: Unclear if MA class belongs here or in parent
synonym: "cervical artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery]
synonym: "cervical transverse artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery]
synonym: "descending branch of the transverse cervical" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery]
synonym: "transversalis artery colli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery]
synonym: "transversalis colli artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery]
synonym: "transverse cervical" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery]
synonym: "transverse cervical vessels" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery]
synonym: "cervical artery" RELATED [MA:0001936]
xref: FMA:10664 ! transverse cervical artery
xref: MA:0001936 ! cervical artery
xref: SCTID:244224008 ! Entire transverse cervical artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001071
name: superficial cervical artery
def: "It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. ." [Wikipedia:Superficial_branch_of_transverse_cervical_artery]
comment: The transverse cervical artery splits into two branches, a superficial one and a deep one[WP]
synonym: "superficial branch of transverse cervical artery" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superficial_branch_of_transverse_cervical_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:10665 ! Superficial cervical artery
xref: MA:0002052 ! superficial cervical artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Artery ! Superficial Cervical Artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: SCTID:161746006 ! Entire superficial cervical artery
xref: Wikipedia:Superficial_branch_of_transverse_cervical_artery ! superficial branch of transverse cervical artery
xref: UMLS:C0226271


[Term]
id: UBERON:0012321
name: deep cervical artery
def: "The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck." [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery]
synonym: "profunda cervicalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0004688 {source="FMA"} ! costo-cervical trunk
xref: FMA:10659 ! deep cervical artery
xref: SCTID:244223002 ! Entire deep cervical artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012322
name: ascending cervical artery
def: "The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the inferior thyroid artery as that vessel is passing behind the carotid sheath; it runs up on the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrC& in the interval between the Scalenus anterior and Longus capitis. To the muscles of the neck it gives twigs which anastomose with branches of the vertebral, and it sends one or two spinal branches into the vertebral canal through the intervertebral foramina to be distributed to the medulla spinalis and its membranes, and to the bodies of the vertebrC&, in the same manner as the spinal branches from the vertebral. It anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries." [Wikipedia:Ascending_cervical_artery]
synonym: "ascending cervical" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ascending_cervical_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0007149 {source="FMA"} ! inferior thyroid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007149 {source="FMA"} ! inferior thyroid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: FMA:52489 ! ascending cervical artery
xref: SCTID:161846001 ! Entire ascending cervical artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004087
name: vena cava
def: "The superior and inferior vena cava are collectively called the venae cavae. They are the veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. They both empty into the right atrium. The inferior vena cava (or posterior vena cava in animals) travels up alongside the abdominal aorta with blood from the lower part of the body (see # 11 in the diagram). It is the largest vein in the body. The superior vena cava (or anterior vena cava in animals) is above the heart, and forms from a convergence of the left and right brachiocephalic veins that contain blood from the head and the arms (see # 3 in the diagram). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Venae_cavae]
xref: MA:0000068 ! vena cava
xref: EMAPA:18415 ! vena cava
xref: GAID:547 ! venae cavae
xref: BTO:0001438 ! vena cava
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rkJQ4U6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! vena cava
xref: ncithesaurus:Vena_Cava ! Vena Cava
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Heart_numlabels.png/200px-Heart_numlabels.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.949 ! venae cavae
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
xref: AAO:0010215 ! vena cava
xref: SCTID:244405007 ! Entire vena cava
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Relations_of_the_aorta,_trachea,_esophagus_and_other_heart_structures.png
xref: UMLS:C0042460

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001072 ! inferior vena cava
name: inferior vena cava
def: "Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium." [Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "posterior vena cava" EXACT []
synonym: "vena cava inferior" RELATED [BTO:0002682]
xref: FMA:10951 ! Inferior vena cava
xref: GAID:548 ! inferior vena cava
xref: galen:InferiorVenaCava
xref: VHOG:0001194 ! posterior vena cava
xref: MA:0000480 ! inferior vena cava
xref: XAO:0000388 ! posterior vena cava
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Vena_Cava ! Inferior Vena Cava
xref: BTO:0002682 ! inferior vena cava
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray577.png/200px-Gray577.png
xref: EMAPA:18416 ! inferior of vena cava
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.949.648 ! inferior vena cava
is_a: UBERON:0004087 ! vena cava
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005487 {source="Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein"} ! vitelline vein
xref: AAO:0011083 ! posterior vena cava
xref: SCTID:181369003 ! Entire inferior vena cava
xref: EHDAA2:0000611 ! inferior vena cava
synonym: "vena cava inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray577.png
synonym: "caudal vena cava" RELATED [VHOG:0001194]
property_value: homology_notes "Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001194", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.454-455", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0042458

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001073
name: ileocecal junction
def: "A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice" [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=46539]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "ileocaecal junction" EXACT []
xref: FMA:11338 ! Ileocecal junction
xref: MA:0000332 ! ileocaecal junction
intersection_of: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
xref: SCTID:264021000 ! Ileocecal junction

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001074
name: pericardial cavity
def: "Cavity of serous sac surrounded by serous pericardium.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pericardial space" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity]
synonym: "cavity of pericardial sac" EXACT []
xref: FMA:11350 ! Pericardial cavity
xref: VHOG:0000556 ! pericardial cavity
xref: MA:0000053 ! pericardial cavity
xref: ZFA:0001655 ! pericardial cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Pericardial_Cavity ! Pericardial Cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0001434 ! pericardial cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png
xref: EMAPA:18447 ! pericardial cavity
xref: EMAPA:18448 ! cavity of pericardial cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002406 ! pericardial sac
intersection_of: surrounded_by UBERON:0002357 ! serous pericardium
is_a: UBERON:0002323 {source="MA"} ! body cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002406 {source="FMA"} ! pericardial sac
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003887 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intraembryonic coelom
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7718 {source="PMID:20959416"} ! Ciona
xref: SCTID:362027001 ! Entire pericardial cavity
xref: TAO:0002220 ! pericardial cavity
synonym: "cavitas pericardiaca" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pericardial_cavity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray968.png
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical space in which the heart is located and is surrounded by the pericardium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002220", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: galen:PericardialSpace ! pericardial space
property_value: homology_notes "In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000556", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225972

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001130
name: vertebral column
def: "Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body." [Wikipedia:Vertebral_column, UBERON:cjm, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3530322&group_id=76834&atid=2257941]
comment: Editor notes: Note that in contrast to VSAO, this is a subset of the skeletal system, and thus includes intervertebral joints, cartilage and ligaments etc. Some ontologies such as AAO seem to purely refer to the skeleton
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "backbone" NARROW  [FMA:13478]
synonym: "spine" BROAD  [FMA:13478]
synonym: "spinal column" RELATED  [MESH:A02.835.232.834]
synonym: "vertebral column skeleton" NARROW [AAO:0000699]
synonym: "columna vertebralis" RELATED [BTO:0000818]
synonym: "vertebral region" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000734 ! vertebral_column
xref: BTO:0000818
xref: EHDA:10119 ! spinal
xref: EMAPA:16666 ! spinal
xref: FMA:13478 ! Vertebral column
xref: GAID:106 ! spine
xref: VHOG:0001142 ! vertebral column
xref: MA:0002416 ! vertebral column
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6GF55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001559 ! vertebral column
xref: XAO:0003074 ! vertebral column
xref: ZFA:0001559 ! vertebral column
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Column ! Spinal Cord Column
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Column ! Vertebral Column
xref: EFO:0001369 ! vertebral column structure
xref: galen:SpinalColumn ! spinal column
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2j-CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! backbone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6GF55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebral column
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkFEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! spinal column
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1145756102 ! Spine
xref: AAO:0000699 ! vertebral column skeleton
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834 ! spine
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011138 {source="cjm"} ! post-cranial axial skeletal system
xref: SCTID:44300000 ! Entire vertebral column
xref: VSAO:0000185 ! vertebral column
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000185", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The vertebral column consists of a series of vertebrae connected by ligaments. It provides a supporting axis for the body and protects the spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001142", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vertebral+column", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. First, vertebrates have a backbone composed of vertebrae (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001142", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.53", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1519455
xref: UMLS:C0037949

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010913 ! vertebral element
name: vertebral element
def: "Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column." [VSAO:0000184]
comment: Note that Uberon includes a distinct subclass for bony vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 {source="VSAO"} ! vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 {source="cjm"} ! sclerotome
xref: VSAO:0000184 ! vertebral element
xref: VHOG:0001143 ! vertebra (also: UBERON:0002412 'vertebra')
property_value: homology_notes "In contrast to lampreys and jawed vertebrates, hagfishes were thought to lack vertebrae. Now, long overlooked vertebral rudiments have been analysed in hagfish, suggesting that vertebrae existed in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001143", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.014 Janvier P\, Comparative anatomy: all vertebrates do have vertebrae. Current Biology (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "vertebral" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
name: vertebra
def: "Irregular bone that articulates with other vertebrae, or with one other vertebra and the skull or the sacrum[FMA]. All serially repeated ossified, cartilaginous, and ligamentous elements around the notochord (Schultze and Arratia, 1988)[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Vertebra, ZFIN:curator, FMA:9914]
comment: Editor notes: Consider changing name to make distinction from inferred superclass 'vertebral element' clear // note we follow FMA in making this an irregular bone - however vertebra have epiphyses which are currently classified as belonging to long bones
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vertebra bone" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL [PHENOSCAPE:ad]
xref: AAO:0000691 ! vertebra
xref: FMA:9914 ! Vertebra
xref: VHOG:0001143 ! vertebra (also: UBERON:0010913 'vertebral element')
xref: MA:0000309 ! vertebra
xref: TAO:0001189 ! vertebra
xref: ZFA:0001189 ! vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebra ! Vertebra
xref: EFO:0001371 ! vertebra
xref: galen:Vertebra ! vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvt2Dh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
is_a: UBERON:0010913 ! vertebral element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011094 ! vertebra cartilaginous condensation
xref: SCTID:181817002 ! Entire vertebra
xref: XAO:0004019 ! vertebra
property_value: external_definition "Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000691", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008"}
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001189", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In contrast to lampreys and jawed vertebrates, hagfishes were thought to lack vertebrae. Now, long overlooked vertebral rudiments have been analysed in hagfish, suggesting that vertebrae existed in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001143", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.014 Janvier P\, Comparative anatomy: all vertebrates do have vertebrae. Current Biology (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0549207
xref: CALOHA:TS-2352 ! Vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011094
name: vertebra cartilaginous condensation
comment: AO notes: This class is a superclass of individual vertebral cartilage condensations. Note that EHDAA2 represents these as condensation groups
is_a: UBERON:0010913 ! vertebral element
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra ! vertebra
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011095 ! vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000584 ! vertebral cartilage condensation
synonym: "vertebral cartilage condensation" EXACT [VHOG:0000584]
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a vertebral column." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011095
name: vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra ! vertebra
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! sclerotome
xref: VHOG:0000582 ! vertebral pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "vertebral pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [VHOG:0000582]
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a vertebral column." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
name: body of vertebra
def: "The body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. Its upper and lower surfaces are flattened and rough, and give attachment to the intervertebral fibrocartilages, and each presents a rim around its circumference. In front, the body is convex from side to side and concave from above downward. Behind, it is flat from above downward and slightly concave from side to side. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels. On the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra]
comment: AO notes: VSAO definition states it surrounds notochord but not applicable to post-natal. Editor notes: vertebra classes required generalization for cartilage columns // todo - add subclasses: acoelus, amphicoelus, procoelus, opsithocoelus, heterocoelus; pleurocentrum, intercentrum; todo: add developmental relationships
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vertebral centrum" EXACT  [MA:0001457]
synonym: "corpus vertebrae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra]
synonym: "centra" EXACT PLURAL [PHENOSCAPE:ad]
synonym: "centrum" EXACT []
synonym: "centrum of vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "autocentrum" EXACT [ZFA:0000126]
synonym: "corpus vertebrae (vertebrale)" EXACT  [FMA:11945]
synonym: "vertebral body" EXACT  [FMA:11945]
xref: FMA:11945 ! Body of vertebra
xref: MA:0001457 ! vertebral body
xref: AAO:0000697 ! centrum
xref: ZFA:0000126 ! centrum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXU4VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Body ! Vertebral Body
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXU4VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebral body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Corpusvertebrae.png/200px-Corpusvertebrae.png
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 {source="MA"} ! vertebra
xref: SCTID:361745008 ! Entire body of vertebra
xref: SCTID:362867001 ! Entire centrum of vertebra
xref: TAO:0000126 ! centrum
xref: VSAO:0000183 ! vertebral centrum
synonym: "corpus vertebrae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Corpusvertebrae.png
property_value: external_definition "Cylindrical body of bone, round or oval in cross section, which functionally replaces the notochord.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000697", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_2008"}
property_value: external_definition "Centra are represented by mineralized, calcified, or ossified portions that surround the notochord. The autocentrum, present in Danio and all other living teleosts, is formed by direct ossification outside the elastica externa of the notochord (Arratia, 1999).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000126", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000183", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:curator"}
synonym: "centre vertcébral@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000126]
synonym: "pcérichorde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000126]
property_value: external_comment "The vertebral centrum may be cartilaginous, develop as cartilage but be replaced by bone or mineralized, or form directly through intramembranous ossification.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000183", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0223084

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009291
name: cartilaginous centrum of vertebra
comment: cartilaginous centrum of vertebra[PMID:11746457]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
xref: SCTID:317278007 ! cartilaginous centrum of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001076
name: spinous process of vertebra
def: "The spinous process of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae (in humans), and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. In animals without an erect stance, the process points upward and may slant forward or backward. Spinous processes are exaggerated in some animals, such as the extinct Dimetrodon and Spinosaurus, where they form a sail- or finback." [Wikipedia:Spinous_process]
comment: Editor notes: todo - reconcile AAO def: "Small, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina; it is not a neural spine." [AAO:0000739]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neural spine" RELATED []
synonym: "processus spinosus" EXACT []
synonym: "processus spinosus vertebrae" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebra spinous process" EXACT []
synonym: "spinous process" BROAD []
xref: FMA:11948 ! Spinous process of vertebra
xref: MA:0001455 ! vertebra spinous process
xref: ZFA:0001336 ! neural spine
xref: AAO:0000705 ! neural_spine
xref: AAO:0000739 ! spinous process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Processusspinosusvertebrae.png/200px-Processusspinosusvertebrae.png
xref: EMAPA:25107 ! spinous process
is_a: UBERON:0006061 ! process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
xref: SCTID:264259004 ! Entire spinous process of vertebra
xref: TAO:0001336 ! neural spine
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Processusspinosusvertebrae.png
property_value: external_definition "Elaboration of the mid-dorsal keel into a posterior or posterolateral process.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000705", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of mid-dorsal keel (AAO:0000735)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000705", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Small, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina; it is not a neural spine.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000739", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002"}
property_value: external_definition "Neural spines are extensions of neural arches dorsal to the neural canal in the median skeletogenous septum. Neural spines are typically unpaired median structures but can be paired in some instances, e.g., in the abdominal region of basal teleosts such as Leptolepis, Elops, Megalops, and Hiodon).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001336", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "neuracanthe@fr" RELATED [TAO:0001336]
synonym: "cépine neurale@fr" RELATED [TAO:0001336]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001078
name: pedicle of vertebra
def: "The pedicles are two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces. They connect the body of the spinal vertebra to the arch. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pedicle_of_vertebral_arch]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pedicle of vertebral arch" EXACT  [FMA:11950]
synonym: "pediculus arcus vertebrae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "vertebral pedicle" EXACT  [FMA:11950]
synonym: "pedicle" BROAD []
xref: FMA:11950 ! Pedicle of vertebra
xref: MA:0001458 ! vertebral pedicle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYdjdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYdjdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebral pedicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pediculusarcusvertebrae.png/200px-Pediculusarcusvertebrae.png
is_a: UBERON:0006061 ! process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
xref: SCTID:277422007 ! Entire pedicle of vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:Pedicle_of_Vertebral_Arch ! pedicle of vertebral arch
synonym: "pediculus arcus vertebrae, radix arcus vertebrae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pedicle_of_vertebral_arch]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Pediculusarcusvertebrae.png
xref: UMLS:C0223080

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011136
name: ligament of vertebral column
def: "ligament that joins successive centra. Important in controlling the stiffness of the vertebral column when it flexes." [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "vertebral column ligament" EXACT  [FMA:31892]
synonym: "intervertebral ligament" BROAD  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
xref: FMA:31892 ! ligament of vertebral column
xref: SCTID:244590009 ! Entire intervertebral ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001468
name: intervertebral joint
def: "The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87401]
comment: AO notes: FMA has 'intervertebral joint' as a GAT, and has two distinct classes 'intervertebral symphysis' and 'intervertebral syndesmosis', but note that the latter do not connect the centra
synonym: "joint of vertebral body" EXACT  [FMA:25511]
synonym: "vertebral joint" BROAD []
synonym: "inter-vertebral joint" EXACT []
synonym: "inter-centrum joint" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral symphysis" EXACT [FMA:25511]
xref: FMA:25511 ! intervertebral symphysis
xref: MA:0001514 ! joint of vertebral body
is_a: UBERON:0002216 {source="FMA"} ! symphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001075 {cardinality="2"} ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 {source="FMA"} ! vertebral column
relationship: connects UBERON:0001075 {notes="connects successive pairs of centra"} ! body of vertebra
xref: SCTID:244512000 ! Entire intervertebral symphysis
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Joint ! vertebral joint
xref: UMLS:C1182940

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011135 ! intervertebral cartilage
name: intervertebral cartilage
def: "A cartilage element that lies between two successive vertebral centra." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
intersection_of: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001075 {cardinality="2"} ! body of vertebra
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001075 {notes="between two centra"} ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001468 {source="MA", source="FMA"} ! intervertebral joint
xref: AAO:0000795 ! intervertebral cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Block of cartilage, which usually ossifies, that lies between successive vertebral centra.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000795", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Trueb_1973"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001066
name: intervertebral disk
def: "A pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces of two successive vertebral centra which has nucleus pulposus at its core." [Wikipedia:Intervertebral_disk, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Taxon/Terminology notes: strictly speaking the term intervertebral disk [applies to intervertebral cartilage] whose gel-like core is nucleus puloposus, by this definition only in mammals
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intervertebral disc" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal disc" EXACT [Wikipedia:Spinal_disc]
synonym: "intervertebral fibrocartilage" RELATED [BTO:0003625]
synonym: "spinal disk" RELATED [BTO:0003625]
xref: FMA:10446 ! Intervertebral disk
xref: GAID:105 ! intervertebral disk
xref: MA:0000110 ! intervertebral disc
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv11AcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Intervertebral_Disc ! Intervertebral Disc
xref: BTO:0003625 ! intervertebral disc
xref: EFO:0001370 ! intervertebral disc
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv11AcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! intervertebral disk
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray301.png/200px-Gray301.png
xref: MESH:A02.165.410 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: UBERON:0011135 ! intervertebral cartilage
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0002242 ! nucleus pulposus
synonym: "discus intervertebralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:10446]
xref: SCTID:244570000 ! Entire intervertebral disc
xref: UMLS:C0021815

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002242
name: nucleus pulposus
def: "a jelly-like connective tissue in the middle of the spinal disc. It is the remnant of the notochord. It functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each disc under compressive loads. The nucleus pulposus consists of chondrocytes, collagen fibrils, and proteoglycan aggrecans that have hyaluronic long chains which attract water. Attached to each hyaluronic chain are side chains of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus]
comment: AO notes: we group two FMA classes together
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nucleus propulsus of intervertebral disk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus]
synonym: "nucleus pulposus (diskus intervertebralis)" EXACT  [FMA:13550]
synonym: "nucleus propulsus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus]
synonym: "pulpy nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:76703 ! Nucleus pulposus
xref: FMA:13550 ! nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk
xref: MA:0000112 ! nucleus pulposus
xref: BTO:0003626 ! nucleus pulposus
xref: SCTID:316586000 ! Entire nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/200px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002328 {source="Wikipedia", editor="mah", source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! notochord
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png
synonym: "nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk" RELATED [FMA:13550]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004715
name: annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis
def: "The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised." [BTO:0003629, Wikipedia:Annulus_fibrosus_disci_intervertebralis]
synonym: "annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc" RELATED [BTO:0003629]
synonym: "fibrous ring of intervertebral disc" RELATED [BTO:0003629]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk" EXACT [FMA:13551]
synonym: "annulus fibrosus" BROAD [MA:0000111]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus (diskus intervertebralis)" EXACT [FMA:13551]
xref: Wikipedia:Annulus_fibrosus_disci_intervertebralis ! annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis
xref: BTO:0003629 ! annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis
xref: MA:0000111 ! annulus fibrosus
xref: FMA:13551 ! anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/200px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0006444 ! annulus fibrosus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001067
name: vertebral arch joint
def: "a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP]." [Wikipedia:Zygapophysial_joint]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "spinal facet joint" EXACT [HP:0008482]
synonym: "facet joint" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of vertebral arch" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of vertebral articular process" EXACT []
synonym: "zygapophyseal joint" EXACT []
synonym: "zygapophysial joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA:10447 ! Vertebral arch joint
xref: GAID:275 ! zygapophyseal joint
xref: MA:0001513 ! joint of vertebral arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Facet_Joint ! Facet Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvorHEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebral arch joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray90.png/200px-Gray90.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.979 ! zygapophyseal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
xref: SCTID:89836005 ! Entire zygapophyseal joint
synonym: "articulationes zygapophysiales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygapophysial_joint]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray90.png
xref: UMLS:C0224521

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010358
name: arch of centrum of vertebra
comment: AO notes: Note that humans do not have hemal arches, so VA=NA for FMA
synonym: "arch of vertebra" NARROW  [FMA:11946]
synonym: "arcus vertebrae (vertebralis)" NARROW  [FMA:11946]
synonym: "vertebra arch" NARROW [MA:0001453]
synonym: "vertebral arch" NARROW [FMA:11946]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 {source="FMA"} ! vertebra
xref: FMA:11946 ! vertebral arch (also: UBERON:0003861 'neural arch')
xref: VHOG:0001670 ! vertebra neural arch (also: UBERON:0003861 'neural arch')
property_value: homology_notes " (...) certain common components [of vertebral structure] are found in nearly all vertebrate. A representative vertebra has a vertebral arch or neural arch, which extends dorsally around the spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001670", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.270", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006065
name: hemal arch
def: "Bony canal attached to the ventral surface or the vertebral centrum that encloses and protects the caudal artery and vein ventrally. The arch consists of right and left halves, which are fused ventrally to give a V- or Y-shape to the ventral aspect of the vertebra[AAO]. Hemal arches extend ventrally from the centra of caudal and transitional vertebrae to enclose the caudal artery and vein. In cyprinids, the hemal arch forms directly in membrane bone[ZFA]." [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Haemal_arch, AAO:0000726]
comment: Taxon notes: fish, most reptiles, some birds, and some mammals with long tails.[WP]
synonym: "haemal arch" EXACT [AAO:0000726, ZFA:0000519]
synonym: "ventral arcocentrum" EXACT [ZFA:0000519]
synonym: "ventral arch" RELATED [AAO:0000726]
synonym: "chevron" RELATED [PHENOSCAPE:ad]
xref: ZFA:0000519 ! hemal arch
xref: AAO:0000726 ! haemal arch
is_a: UBERON:0010358 ! vertebral arch
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
xref: TAO:0000519 ! hemal arch
property_value: external_definition "Bony canal attached to the ventral surface or the vertebral centrum that encloses and protects the caudal artery and vein ventrally. The arch consists of right and left halves, which are fused ventrally to give a V- or Y-shape to the ventral aspect of the vertebra.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000726", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002"}
property_value: external_definition "Hemal arches extend ventrally from the centra of caudal and transitional vertebrae to enclose the caudal artery and vein. In cyprinids, the hemal arch forms directly in membrane bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000519", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from basiventral (TAO:0001361)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000519", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006063 ! cartilaginous neural arch
name: cartilaginous neural arch
def: "One of the cartilaginous structures surrounding the embryonic spinal cord, formed by the dorsal growth of the dorsolateral arcualia; it is the primordium of the vertebral arch." [BTO:0001763]
xref: BTO:0001763 ! neural arch
is_a: UBERON:0010358 ! vertebral arch
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003861
name: neural arch
def: "posterior part of a vertebra that consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes, two transverse processes one spinous process[WP]. ZFA: A neural arch encloses the neural canal and typically meets its partner to form a neural spine. The neural arch can be a replacement ossification of the basidorsal cartilage or can form directly in membrane bone." [Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch]
comment: Taxon notes: tiny neural arches present in Hagfish (which lack a true vertebraal column).
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vertebra neural arch" BROAD SENSU [MA:0001453]
synonym: "vertebra dorsal arch" RELATED [MA:0001453]
synonym: "arcus vertebrae (vertebralis)" EXACT [FMA:11946]
synonym: "arcus vertebra" EXACT [Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch]
synonym: "arcus vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch]
synonym: "dorsal arcocentrum" EXACT [ZFA:0001066]
xref: VHOG:0001670 ! vertebra neural arch (also: UBERON:0010358 'arch of centrum of vertebra')
xref: MA:0001453 ! vertebra neural arch
xref: FMA:11946 ! vertebral arch (also: UBERON:0010358 'arch of centrum of vertebra')
xref: ZFA:0001066 ! neural arch
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwKYHvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebral arch
xref: MA:0001453 ! vertebra arch
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray82.png/200px-Gray82.png
xref: AAO:0000725 ! neural arch
xref: EFO:0003618 ! neural arch
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0010358 ! vertebral arch
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006063 ! cartilaginous neural arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Arch_of_the_Vertebra ! Arch of the Vertebra
xref: SCTID:317373001 ! Entire arch of vertebra
xref: TAO:0001066 ! neural arch
synonym: "arcus vertebrae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray82.png
property_value: external_definition "Bony arch perched on the vertebral centrum; successive arches enclose the neural canal that surrounds and protects the spinal cord dorsally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000725", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002"}
property_value: external_definition "A neural arch encloses the neural canal and typically meets its partner to form a neural spine. The neural arch can be a replacement ossification of the basidorsal cartilage or can form directly in membrane bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001066", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from basidorsal (TAO:0001060)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001066", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) certain common components [of vertebral structure] are found in nearly all vertebrate. A representative vertebra has a vertebral arch or neural arch, which extends dorsally around the spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001670", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.270", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0223076

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006061
name: process of vertebra
def: "A process projection from a part of the vertebra such as centrum or arches. Examples: transverse process, diapophyses, parapophyses, and zygapophyses (both the cranial zygapophyses and the caudal zygapophyses)." [Wikipedia:Vertebral_column#Structure_of_individual_vertebrae]
synonym: "vertebral process" EXACT [FMA:24530]
synonym: "vertebra process" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24530 ! process of vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra
name: articular process of vertebra
def: "Paired processes at the cephalic and caudal ends of the neural arch. They function as interlocking structures between adjacent vertebrae, and limit dorsoventral flexion and lateral movement of the column in the trunk region[AAO]. The articular processes or zygapophyses of a vertebra, in human anatomy contain two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae. These stick out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable. The superior processes project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward. The inferior processes project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward. The articular surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage." [Wikipedia:Articular_processes, AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008]
comment: todo - class as endochondral bone, check species
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articular process" BROAD [Wikipedia:Articular_processes]
synonym: "zygapophysis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Articular_processes]
synonym: "processus articularis (zygapophysis)" EXACT [FMA:11952]
xref: FMA:11952 ! articular process of vertebra
xref: AAO:0000710 ! zygapophysis
xref: ZFA:0001603 ! intercalarium articulating process
is_a: UBERON:0006061 ! process of vertebra
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
xref: SCTID:317570004 ! Entire articular process of vertebra
xref: TAO:0001549 ! intercalarium articulating process
synonym: "p. articularis inferior vertebrae, p. articularis superior vertebrae," RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Articular_processes]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Processusarticularissuperiorvertebrae.png
property_value: external_definition "Paired processes at the cephalic and caudal ends of the neural arch. They function as interlocking structures between adjacent vertebrae, and limit dorsoventral flexion and lateral movement of the column in the trunk region.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000710", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008"}
synonym: "intercalarium articulating process" RELATED [TAO:0001549]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
name: superior articular process of vertebra
def: "Paired processes at the cephalic end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsomedially and articulate with the lateroventrally facing facets of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008]
comment: TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural?
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cranial articular process of vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "prezygapophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "processus articularis superior" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebra cranial articular process" EXACT []
synonym: "neural prezygapophysis" EXACT [ZFA:0001325]
synonym: "neural prezygopophyses" EXACT [ZFA:0001325]
xref: FMA:11953 ! Superior articular process of vertebra
xref: MA:0001452 ! vertebra cranial articular process
xref: AAO:0000703 ! prezygapophysis
xref: ZFA:0001325 ! neural prezygapophysis
is_a: UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra
xref: SCTID:42424006 ! Entire superior articular process of vertebra
xref: http://www.informatics.jax.org/cookbook/figures/figure20.shtml
xref: TAO:0001325 ! neural prezygapophysis
property_value: external_definition "Paired, anteromedially directed processes from the neural arches, ligamentously joined to the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001325", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "neural prezygapophyses" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0001325]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
name: inferior articular process of vertebra
def: "Paired processes at the caudal end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses face lateroventrally and articulate with the dorsomedially facing facets of the prezygapophyses of the succeeding vertebra." [AAO:LAP]
comment: TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural?
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "processus obliquus posterior" RELATED [AAO:0000702]
synonym: "caudal articular process of vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "postzygapophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "processus articularis inferior" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebra caudal articular process" EXACT []
synonym: "neural postzygapophysis" NARROW [ZFA:0000681]
synonym: "neural postzygopophysis" EXACT [ZFA:0000681]
xref: FMA:11954 ! Inferior articular process of vertebra
xref: MA:0001451 ! vertebra caudal articular process
xref: AAO:0000702 ! postzygapophysis
xref: ZFA:0000681 ! neural postzygapophysis
is_a: UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra
xref: SCTID:30079000 ! Entire inferior articular process of vertebra
xref: TAO:0000681 ! neural postzygapophysis
property_value: external_definition "Paired, dorsomedially directed processes on the posterior ends of the centra, ligamentously joined to the neural prezygapophyses of the immediately posterior vertebra.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000681", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "neural postzygapophyses" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000681]
synonym: "neural postzygopophyses" RELATED [TAO:0000681]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011200
name: sacrococcygeal symphysis
def: "The sacrococcygeal symphysis (sacrococcygeal articulation, articulation of the sacrum and coccyx) is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the oval surface at the apex of the sacrum, and the base of the coccyx. It is a slightly moveable joint which is frequently, partially or completely, obliterated in old age, homologous with the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae." [Wikipedia:Sacrococcygeal_symphysis]
synonym: "sacrococcygeal joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sacrococcygeal_symphysis]
is_a: UBERON:0001468 {source="FMA"} ! intervertebral joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001350 ! coccyx
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003690 ! sacrum
xref: FMA:16210 ! sacrococcygeal joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacrococcygeal_Joint ! sacrococcygeal joint
synonym: "sacrococcygeal joint" EXACT [FMA:16210]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gray320.png
xref: UMLS:C0224593

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001082
name: epicardium of ventricle
def: "The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010912-30'>Hu et al. 2001.</a>." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ventricular epicardium" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac ventricle epicardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle heart epicardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epicardium of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epicardium of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epicardium of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epicardium of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart epicardium of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart epicardium of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart epicardium of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart epicardium of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle epicardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle heart epicardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart epicardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart heart epicardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart epicardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart heart epicardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "visceral serous pericardium of heart of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "visceral serous pericardium of heart of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "visceral serous pericardium of heart of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "visceral serous pericardium of heart of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:12150 ! Epicardium of ventricle
xref: TAO:0005058 ! ventricular epicardium
xref: ZFA:0005058 ! ventricular epicardium
is_a: UBERON:0002348 ! epicardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002348 ! epicardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
property_value: external_definition "The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium.  It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005058", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005983 ! heart layer
name: heart layer
def: "the laminar structure of the heart" [MP:0010545]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004123
name: myocardial layer
synonym: "myocardium layer" EXACT []
synonym: "layer of myocardium" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000080 ! myocardium layer
intersection_of: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
def: "An organ component layer that is part of a myocardium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004125
name: myocardial compact layer
def: "outer dense layer of the myocardium uniting the epicardium and myocardium[MP]." [MP:0004056]
synonym: "myocardium compact layer" EXACT [MA:0002865]
xref: MA:0002865 ! myocardium compact layer
is_a: UBERON:0004123 ! myocardium layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002349
name: myocardium
def: "middle muscular layer of the heart wall[M-W]. Muscle layer of organ which has as its parts the myocardium proper and the conducting system of the heart[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Myocardium]
comment: TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac muscle" RELATED [ZFA:0001319]
synonym: "heart myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle of heart" EXACT [FMA:9462]
synonym: "heart muscle " RELATED [ZFA:0001319]
xref: BTO:0000901
xref: EFO:0000819 ! myocardium
xref: FMA:9462 ! Myocardium
xref: GAID:173 ! myocardium
xref: MA:0000164 ! myocardium
xref: MAT:0000453 ! myocardium
xref: ncithesaurus:Myocardium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4ro36AFrCvEduAAAAOpmP6tw
xref: TAO:0001319 ! myocardium
xref: XAO:0000065 ! myocardium
xref: ZFA:0001319 ! myocardium
xref: VHOG:0000083 ! heart myocardium
xref: galen:Myocardium ! myocardium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4ro36AFrCvEduAAAAOpmP6tw ! myocardium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220 ! myocardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Glanzstreifen.jpg/200px-Glanzstreifen.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.633.580 ! myocardium
xref: EV:0100022 ! myocardium
is_a: UBERON:0005983 ! heart layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body
xref: AAO:0010410 ! myocardium
xref: SCTID:362012001 ! Entire myocardium
xref: EHDAA2:0004150 ! heart muscle
property_value: external_definition "The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010410", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
synonym: "heart muscle" RELATED [FMA:9462]
property_value: external_definition "Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000083", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "myocardial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0027061

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002511 ! trabecula carnea
name: trabecula carnea
def: "The trabeculae carneae (columnae carneae, or fleshy beams), are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart.[1] They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right[1] and left atria only. They are of three kinds: * some are attached along their entire length on one side and merely form prominent ridges,* others are fixed at their extremities but free in the middle, * while a third set, the papillary muscles are continuous by their bases with the wall of the ventricle, while their apices give origin to the chordæ tendineæ which pass to be attached to the segments of both the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. The purpose of the trabeculae carneae is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart's ability to pump efficiently. The trabeculae carneae also serve a similar function to papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves, that is, their bulging towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria. So by the action of papillary muscles on the atrioventricular valves, backflow of the blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented[WP]." [Wikipedia:Trabeculae_carneae]
comment: Note that WP states they are ventricular, but MP has classes for atrial ventricular carnea.
synonym: "heart trabecula" RELATED [GO:0060347]
synonym: "cardiac trabecula" RELATED [GO:0060347]
synonym: "trabecula of heart" RELATED []
synonym: "ventricle trabecula carnea" EXACT [MA:0002831]
synonym: "ventricular trabecula" RELATED [MA:0002831]
xref: FMA:7269 ! Trabecula carnea
xref: MA:0002831 ! trabecula carnea
xref: EMAPA:18626 ! trabeculae carneae
is_a: UBERON:0000440 ! trabecula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
synonym: "trabeculae carneae cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trabeculae_carneae]
xref: SCTID:118755002 ! Trabeculae carneae cordis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004124 ! myocardium trabecular layer
name: myocardium trabecular layer
def: "The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]." [ZFA:0005059]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "trabecular layer" EXACT [ZFA:0005059]
synonym: "myocardial trabecular layer" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0005059 ! trabecular layer
xref: MA:0002866 ! myocardium trabecular layer
xref: EFO:0003706 ! trabecular layer
is_a: UBERON:0004123 ! myocardium layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000187 ! muscle cell
xref: TAO:0005059 ! trabecular layer
property_value: external_definition "The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes.   The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the the endocardium.  Unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae of the zebrafish have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences Hu et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005059", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "trabeculae" RELATED [TAO:0005059]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004126
name: trabecular layer of ventricle
comment: todo - check FMA
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle" EXACT [GO:0003222]
synonym: "ventricular trabecular myocardium" EXACT [GO:0003222]
synonym: "myocardium of region of ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83511]
xref: ZFA:0005060 ! trabecular layer of ventricle
xref: FMA:83511 ! Myocardium of region of ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0004124 ! myocardium trabecular layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: TAO:0005060 ! trabecular layer of ventricle
def: "A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001083 {source="reference_0000032"} ! myocardium of ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004784 {source="reference_0000032"} ! heart ventricle wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006570
name: trabecula carnea of right ventricle
synonym: "trabeculae carneae (ventriculus dexter)" EXACT [FMA:7270]
xref: FMA:7270 ! trabecula carnea of right ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002511 ! trabecula carnea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
xref: SCTID:192373001 ! Entire trabecula carnea of right ventricle
def: "A trabecula carnea that is part of a heart right ventricle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006571
name: trabecula carnea of left ventricle
synonym: "trabeculae carneae (ventriculus sinister)" EXACT [FMA:7271]
xref: FMA:7271 ! trabecula carnea of left ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002511 ! trabecula carnea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! left ventricle
xref: SCTID:190344008 ! Entire trabecula carnea of left ventricle
def: "A trabecula carnea that is part of a heart left ventricle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006828
name: trabecula carnea of atrium
def: "the supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria[MP]." [MP:0010581]
comment: Dubious: Not present in any AO. Note that WP states that trabecular carnea are ventricular and 'They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right[1] and left atria only'
intersection_of: UBERON:0002511 ! trabecula carnea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003452
name: trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002833 ! trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue
xref: FMA:84428 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002511 ! trabecula carnea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004127 ! compact layer of ventricle
name: compact layer of ventricle
def: "The outer layer the ventricular myocardium, muscle fibers are arranged in a compact form and involved the entire ventricle." [ZFA:0005062]
synonym: "ventricle myocardium compact zone" EXACT [MP:0010556]
synonym: "ventricular myocardial compact layer" EXACT [MP:0010556]
synonym: "ventricular myocardial compact zone" EXACT [MP:0010556]
synonym: "compact cardiac ventricle muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricular compact myocardium" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0005062 ! compact layer of ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0004125 ! myocardial compact layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001083 {source="ZFA"} ! myocardium of ventricle
xref: TAO:0005062 ! compact layer of ventricle
property_value: external_definition "The outer layer the ventricular myocardium, muscle  fibers are arranged in a compact form and involved the entire ventricle.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005062", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004784 {source="reference_0000032"} ! heart ventricle wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001083
name: myocardium of ventricle
def: "Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ventricle myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricular myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac muscle of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:12151 ! Myocardium of ventricle
xref: VHOG:0000604 ! ventricle myocardium
xref: MA:0000082 ! ventricle myocardium
xref: TAO:0005061 ! ventricular myocardium
xref: ZFA:0005061 ! ventricular myocardium
xref: EFO:0003088 ! ventricular myocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: SCTID:192084000 ! Entire myocardium of ventricle
property_value: external_definition "Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer Hu et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005061", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "ventricle cardiac muscle" RELATED [VHOG:0000604]
property_value: homology_notes "As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000604", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.481", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004784 {source="reference_0000032"} ! heart ventricle wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002302
name: myocardium of atrium
def: "A myocardium that is part of a cardiac atrium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "atrial myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "atrium myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "Cardiac atria cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:83509 ! Myocardium of atrium
xref: VHOG:0000602 ! atrium myocardium
xref: MA:0000081 ! atrium myocardium
xref: TAO:0001374 ! atrial myocardium
xref: ZFA:0001374 ! atrial myocardium
xref: EFO:0003087 ! atrial myocardium
is_a: UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
xref: SCTID:191910002 ! Entire myocardium of atrium
synonym: "atrium cardiac muscle" RELATED [VHOG:0000602]
property_value: homology_notes "As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000602", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.481", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001084
name: skin of head
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
synonym: "head skin" EXACT []
synonym: "adult head zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:12166 ! Skin of head
xref: MA:0000582 ! head skin
xref: FMA:24756 ! Zone of skin of head
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_Skin ! Head Skin
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: SCTID:181484006 ! Entire skin of head
xref: UMLS:C0205029

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001085
name: skin of trunk
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
synonym: "trunk skin" EXACT []
synonym: "torso zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:12167 ! Skin of trunk
xref: MA:0000517 ! trunk skin
xref: FMA:23093 ! Zone of skin of trunk
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Trunk ! Skin of the Trunk
xref: SCTID:181489001 ! Entire skin of trunk
xref: UMLS:C0205031

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001087 ! pleural fluid
name: pleural fluid
def: "Transudate contained in the pleural cavity.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Pleural_fluid, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:12273 ! Pleural fluid (also: UBERON:0011893 'endoneurial fluid')
xref: MA:0002532 ! pleural fluid
xref: MAT:0000500 ! pleural fluid
xref: BTO:0003080 ! pleural fluid
is_a: UBERON:0007794 {source="FMA"} ! serous fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002402 ! pleural cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Pleural_Fluid ! Pleural Fluid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000175
name: pleural effusion
def: "Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation." [ENVO:02000033]
comment: cede to MPATH? Note the ncit class is under finding.
xref: ENVO:02000033
xref: ncithesaurus:Pleural_Effusion
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rLaTGCK2TEduAAAAOpmP6tw ! pleural effusion
is_a: UBERON:0001087 ! pleural fluid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001088
name: urine
def: "Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Urine, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: ENVO:00002047
xref: FMA:12274 ! Urine
xref: GAID:1189 ! urine
xref: MA:0002545 ! urine
xref: MAT:0000058 ! urine
xref: MIAA:0000058 ! urine
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Urine ! Urine
xref: BTO:0001419 ! urine
xref: EFO:0001939 ! urine
xref: galen:Urine ! urine
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! urine
xref: MESH:A12.207.927 ! urine
is_a: UBERON:0000174 ! excreta
xref: UMLS:C0042036

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001089
name: sweat
def: "Secretion produced by a sweat gland.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Sweat, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "skin exudate" RELATED [BTO:0001254]
xref: BTO:0001254
xref: ENVO:02000025
xref: FMA:12275 ! Sweat
xref: GAID:1172 ! sweat
xref: MA:0002539 ! sweat
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Sweat ! Sweat
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sweat
xref: MESH:A12.200.849 ! sweat
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
xref: UMLS:C0038984

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007772
name: scrotal sweat
synonym: "sweat of scrotum" EXACT  [FMA:73266]
xref: FMA:73266 ! sweat of scrotum
is_a: UBERON:0001089 {source="FMA"} ! sweat
intersection_of: UBERON:0001089 ! sweat
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0007773 ! scrotal sweat gland
def: "A sweat that secreted_by a scrotal sweat gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007773 ! scrotal sweat gland
name: scrotal sweat gland
xref: EMAPA:29743 ! sweat gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001820 ! sweat gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001300 ! scrotum
subset: organ_slim
def: "A sweat gland that is part of a scrotum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001090 ! synovial fluid
name: synovial fluid
def: "Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Synovial_fluid, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "joint fluid" EXACT []
xref: ENVO:02000039
xref: FMA:12277 ! Synovial fluid
xref: GAID:265 ! synovial fluid
xref: MA:0002544 ! synovial fluid
xref: ZFA:0005154 ! synovial fluid
xref: ncithesaurus:Synovial_Fluid ! Synovial Fluid
xref: galen:SynovialFluid ! synovial fluid
xref: BTO:0001339 ! synovia
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.443.800.800 ! synovial fluid
is_a: UBERON:0007794 {source="FMA"} ! serous fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0007617 ! synovial cavity of joint
xref: TAO:0005154 ! synovial fluid
property_value: external_definition "Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005154", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0039097

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007617 ! synovial cavity of joint
name: synovial cavity of joint
synonym: "articular cavity (synovial joint)" EXACT  [FMA:11356]
synonym: "cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis)" EXACT  [FMA:11356]
synonym: "cavity of synovial joint" EXACT  [FMA:11356]
xref: FMA:11356 ! synovial cavity of joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007618
name: synovial cavity of hip joint
xref: FMA:9701 ! synovial cavity of hip joint
xref: EMAPA:19021 ! synovial cavity of hip bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0007617 ! synovial cavity of joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001486 ! hip joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001486 {source="FMA"} ! hip joint
def: "A synovial cavity of joint that is part of a hip joint." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007842
name: membrane bone
def: "Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification." [GO_REF:0000034, PSPUB:0000170]
xref: VSAO:0000023 ! membrane bone
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="VSAO"} ! bone element
relationship: output_of GO:0001957 ! intramembranous ossification
xref: EHDAA2:0003085 ! membrane bone
xref: XAO:0004014 ! membrane bone
xref: ZFA:0001636 ! membrane bone
xref: TAO:0001645 ! membrane bone
xref: AEO:0000085 ! membrane bone
xref: EHDAA2:0003085 ! membrane bone
property_value: external_definition "Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000023", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: external_definition "Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001645", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
name: intramembranous bone
def: "Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]." [Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification, GO:0001957]
synonym: "membrane bone" RELATED [AEO:0000085]
xref: ZFA:0001635 ! intramembranous bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: output_of GO:0001957 ! intramembranous ossification
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0001644 ! intramembranous bone
property_value: external_definition "Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001644", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_comment "[In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001644", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008907
name: dermal bone
def: "Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]." [VSAO:curator, VSAO:0000130, Wikipedia:Dermal_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0007842 {source="VSAO"} ! membrane bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010364 {source="VSAO"} ! dermal skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0007842  ! membrane bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010364 ! dermal skeleton
comment: Note that other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification
xref: VSAO:0000130 ! dermal bone
xref: AAO:0010769 ! dermal bone
xref: ZFA:0001590 ! dermal bone
xref: XAO:0004015 ! dermal bone
xref: TAO:0001590 ! dermal bone
property_value: external_definition "Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001590", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
name: endochondral bone
def: "Replacement bone that forms within cartilage." [Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification, GO:0001958, VSAO:0000145]
comment: note that some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral. Editor notes: placement in this class to be inferred
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cartilaginous bone" RELATED [BTO:0002157]
synonym: "ossified chondrogenic bone" EXACT  [VSAO:0000145]
xref: ZFA:0001591 ! endochondral bone
xref: BTO:0002157 ! endochondral bone
xref: EHDAA2:0003083 ! endochondral bone
xref: AEO:0000083 ! endochondral bone
xref: VSAO:0000145 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0010363 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral element
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007844 {source="VSAO"} ! cartilage element
xref: AAO:0010776 ! endochondral bone
xref: XAO:0004018 ! endochondral bone
xref: TAO:0001591 ! endochondral bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000145", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000009" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004756 ! dermal skeletal element
name: dermal skeletal element
def: "dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue." []
synonym: "dermal element" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002542 ! scale
name: scale
def: "A small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran (butterfly and moth) species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times with varying structure and function." [Wikipedia:Scale_(zoology)]
comment: Usage notes: currently defined in a very inclusive fashion - may be obsoleted and replaced by more specific classes in future versions. The TAO, VSAO amd ZFA classes by this name are classified as 'dermal scales'
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "scales" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0005055 ! scale
xref: HAO:0000907 ! scale
xref: MAT:0000257 ! scale
xref: MIAA:0000257 ! scale
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0000960 ! scale
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! scale
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007380
name: dermal scale
def: "Dermal bone that is thin, flexible, and platelike, and that develops in overlapping skinfolds that cover the body and often the head of fish and the bases of the fins." [TAO:curator, Wikipedia:Scale_(zoology)#Fish_scales]
synonym: "fish scale" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Scale_(zoology)#Fish_scales]
synonym: "scales" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000277]
xref: TAO:0000277 ! scale
xref: ZFA:0000277 ! scale
xref: VSAO:0000048 ! scale
is_a: UBERON:0002542 ! scale
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
xref: AAO:0010056 ! dermal scales

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008201
name: scute
def: "A bony external plate or scale, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodilians, the feet of some birds. Scutes are similar to scales and serve the same function. Unlike the scales of fish and snakes, which are formed from the epidermis, scutes are formed in the lower vascular layer of the skin and the epidermal element is only the top surface. Forming in the living dermis, the scutes produce a horny outer layer, that is superficially similar to that of scales. Scutes will usually not overlap as snake scales (but see the pangolin). The outer keratin layer is shed piecemeal, and not in one continuous layer of skin as seen in snakes or lizards. The dermal base may contain bone and produce dermal armour. Scutes with a bony base are properly called osteoderms. Dermal scutes are also found in the feet of birds and tails of some mammals, and are believed to be the primitive form of dermal armour in reptiles. The term is also used to describe the heavy armour of the armadillo and the extinct glyptodon, and is occasionally used as an alternative to scales in describing snakes or certain fishes, such as sturgeons[WP]." [Wikipedia:Scute]
comment: Currently being reviewed by PHENOSCAPE:ad
synonym: "scutum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Scute]
synonym: "scuta" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Scute]
synonym: "scutae" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Scute]
synonym: "osteoderm" NARROW [Wikipedia:Scute]
xref: SCTID:17148007 ! Scute structure
is_a: UBERON:0007381 {source="Kardong", quote="it is a fold in the epidermal surface hence it is an epidermal scale"} ! epidermal scale 

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000041
name: dermal denticle
def: "Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis[VSAO]. small outgrowths which cover the skin of many cartilaginous fish including sharks. They are similar in structure to teeth, and teeth may have evolved from denticle-like structures in primitive fish.[citation needed] The placoid scales in sharks are formed of dentine with dermal papillae located in the core. These scales develop from the dermal layer of the skin, which is in contrast to the epidermal development seen the in the elasmoid scales of tetrapods. The shape of denticle varies from species to species and can be used in identification. Studies have found that the denticles create tiny vortices that reduce drag to make swimming more efficient. Denticles also allow sharks to swim silently compared to other fish that generate considerable noise when they ply the water[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dermal_denticle, VSAO:0000079]
comment: TODO check dentin def // Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "placoid scale" EXACT []
xref: VSAO:0000079 ! odontode scale
is_a: UBERON:0004756 ! dermal skeletal element
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001751 ! dentine
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000079", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
synonym: "odontode scale" EXACT [VSAO:0000079]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007381
name: epidermal scale
def: "A fold in the surface epidermis composed of keratin[Kardong]." [Wikipedia:Reptile_scale, ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0002542 ! scale
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012243
name: nuptial pad
def: "Raised calluses of cornified epidermis used by the male to hold the female during mating." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="Kardong"} ! epidermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012443 ! row of scales
name: row of scales
synonym: "set of scales" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002542 ! scale

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012444
name: gastropege
def: "a single row of large ventral scales in snakes that aid locomotion." [http://en.wikivet.net]
synonym: "row of ventral scales" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0012443 ! row of scales

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003913
name: tooth-like structure
def: "hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food." [GOC:cjm]
comment: see dermal denticle
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "tooth-like organ" EXACT [GOC:cjm]
xref: HAO:0001019 ! tooth
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: has_function_in GO:0071626 ! mastication

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003912
name: chitinous tooth
def: "tooth-like structure composed of chitin." []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CHEBI:17029 ! chitin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004289
name: radula
def: "an anatomical structure found in mollusks and used for feeding. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon. It is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the molluscs, and is found in all classes of mollusks except for the bivalves." [Wikipedia:Radula]
comment: The first bona fide radula dates to the Early Cambrian,[3] although trace fossils from the earlier Ediacaran have been suggested to have been made by the radula of the organism Kimberella.[WP]
xref: BTO:0001506 ! radula
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: composed_primarily_of CHEBI:17029 ! chitin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004767
name: vomerine tooth
def: "A tooth that is on the vomer." [http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/Vomerine%20teeth]
xref: TAO:0001631 ! vomerine tooth
xref: AAO:0000635 ! vomerine_teeth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0002396 ! vomer
property_value: external_definition "Tooth that is attached to the vomer.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001631", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of vomer (TAO:0000308) CHANGED TO: attaches_to vomer (UBERON:0002396)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001631", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011593
name: maxillary tooth
def: "Tooth that is attached to a maxilla[TAO,modified]." [TAO:0001627]
synonym: "maxillary teeth" EXACT PLURAL [AAO:0000287]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009680 ! set of upper jaw teeth
xref: TAO:0001627 ! maxillary tooth
xref: AAO:0000287 ! maxillary teeth
xref: SCTID:422279005 ! Entire maxillary tooth
property_value: external_definition "Tooth that is attached to the maxilla.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001627", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011594
name: dentary tooth
def: "Tooth that is attached to a dentary/mandible[TAO,modified]." [TAO:0001628]
comment: Editor notes: Note that we treat dentary tooth and mandibular tooth as equivalent
synonym: "mandibular teeth" RELATED PLURAL [AAO:0000641]
synonym: "mandibular tooth" RELATED []
synonym: "tooth of dentary" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0004742 ! dentary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009679 ! set of lower jaw teeth
xref: TAO:0001628 ! dentary tooth
xref: AAO:0000125 ! dentary tooth
xref: AAO:0000641 ! mandibular teeth
xref: SCTID:245547003 ! Entire mandibular teeth
property_value: external_definition "Tooth that is attached to the dentary.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001628", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of dentary tooth row (TAO:0001952)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001628", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011603
name: coronoid tooth
def: "Tooth that is attached to a coronoid bone." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "coronoid teeth" EXACT PLURAL [AAO:0000104]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0011598 ! coronoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009679 ! set of lower jaw teeth
xref: AAO:0000104 ! coronoid tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012070
name: palatal tooth
def: "A tooth that is on the roof of the mouth." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/therapsida/anteosauria.html]
synonym: "palatal teeth" EXACT PLURAL  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0012071 ! palate bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009680 ! set of upper jaw teeth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012071 ! palate bone
name: palate bone
synonym: "palatal bone" EXACT []
def: "Any bone that is part of a palate." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note this is distinct (but not disjoint) from palatine bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007375 ! roof of mouth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012072 ! palatal part of dermatocranium
xref: ncithesaurus:Palate_Bone ! palate bone
xref: UMLS:C1518857

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012072 ! palatal part of dermatocranium
name: palatal part of dermatocranium
synonym: "palatal series" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "dermatocranium, palatal series" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007375 ! roof of mouth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012073
name: tooth of palatine bone
def: "A tooth that is attached to a palatine bone." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "palatine tooth" EXACT  []
synonym: "palatine teeth" EXACT PLURAL  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001682 ! palatine bone
property_value: external_definition "Teeth present in some fishes on the palatine bones, bones that lie inside the upper jaw bones (sometimes maxillaries, sometimes premaxillaries) usually behind the vomerine tooth patch." xsd:string {source="http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=palatine+teeth"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012074
name: bony part of hard palate
synonym: "bony palate" EXACT  [FMA:59857]
synonym: "palatum osseum" EXACT [FMA:TA]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003216 {source="FMA"} ! hard palate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012072 ! palatal part of dermatocranium
xref: FMA:59857 ! bony part of hard palate
def: "A subdivision of skeletal system that subdivision_of a hard palate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013068
name: palatine torus
def: "A bony protuberance sometimes found on the hard palate at the junction of the intermaxillary suture and the transverse palatine suture." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001682 ! palatine bone
synonym: "crista palatina" EXACT  [FMA:59201]
synonym: "torus palatinus" EXACT LATIN [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html]
xref: FMA:59201 ! palatine torus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005046
name: mucosa of hard palate
def: "A mucosa that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hard palate mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of hard palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of hard palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59783 ! Mucosa of hard palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! part_of hard palate
xref: SCTID:245841005 ! Mucosa of hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001091
name: calcareous tooth
def: "Organ with a cavity which consist of dentine surrounded by enamel. Examples: incisor, molar." [Wikipedia:Tooth_(animal), Wikipedia:Tooth, FMA:12516]
comment: Editors note: we place ZFA ctb 5 tooth here for now. Consider changing name from calcaeous tooth. Note that sea cucumbers develop calcareous tooth-like structures
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "dentine containing tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebrate tooth" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000397
xref: EFO:0000839 ! tooth
xref: FMA:12516 ! Tooth
xref: GAID:1260 ! tooth
xref: VHOG:0000127 ! tooth
xref: MA:0000348 ! tooth
xref: MAT:0000041 ! tooth
xref: MIAA:0000041 ! tooth
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjUEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001625 ! tooth
xref: XAO:0000431 ! tooth
xref: ZFA:0000694 ! ceratobranchial 5 tooth
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth ! Tooth
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjUEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! tooth
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/200px-Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg
xref: MESH:A14.254.860 ! tooth
xref: EV:0100063 ! tooth
xref: AEO:0000220
xref: EHDAA2:0004605 ! tooth
xref: VHOG:0001733 ! tooth
xref: SCTID:302214001 ! Entire tooth
is_a: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005176 {source="ZFA-modified"} ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000930 {source="XAO-modified"} ! stomodeum
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001751 ! dentine
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001752 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! enamel
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011595 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523"} ! jaw region
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011595 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! jaw region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005087 {evidence="definitional"} ! tooth placode
property_value: homology_notes "The ancestor of recent vertebrate teeth was a tooth-like structure on the outer body surface of jawless fishes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001733", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:19266065 Koussoulakou DS\, Margaritis LH\, Koussoulakos SL\, A curriculum vitae of teeth: evolution\, generation\, regeneration. International Journal of Biological Sciences (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "dental" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0040426

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003856
name: odontogenic mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that gives rise to an odontogenic papilla." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: we follow ZFA in introducing an additional distinction between the dental papilla and the (uncondensed) mesenchyme. Note that in some species such as zebrafish teeth are not part of the mouth, and sharks have dermal denticles which share similar developmental origins with teeth. For now we assume a NC origin for all and add a taxon restriction to 1st arch mesenchyme
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tooth mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dental organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "enamel organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tooth enamel organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dental mesenchyme" EXACT [ZFA:0005139]
xref: VHOG_RETIRED:0001444
xref: ZFA:0005139 ! dental mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0005253 {source="ZFA"} ! head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005176 ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 {source="ZFA"} ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010259 {source="JB", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523"} ! 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 {notes="see comments"} ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
xref: TAO:0005139 ! dental mesenchyme
property_value: external_definition "Mesenchyme enclosed by dental organ.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005139", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001763
name: odontogenic papilla
def: "Tissue of the developing tooth. It is composed of pre-odontoblast and undiffentiated mesnchyme cells and connects to the basal lamina[ZFA]. The dental papilla is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called odontoblasts, seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. The dental papilla appears after 8-10 weeks intra uteral life. The dental papilla gives rise to the dentin and pulp of a tooth. The enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle together forms one unit, called the tooth germ. This is of importance because all the tissues of a tooth and its supporting structures form from these distinct cellular aggregations." [Wikipedia:Dental_papilla, ZFA:0005140]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pharyngeal tooth mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU  [ZFA:0005140]
synonym: "tooth mesenchyme" RELATED  [ZFA:0005140]
synonym: "dentinal papilla" RELATED [BTO:0001839]
synonym: "papilla dentis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dental_papilla]
synonym: "dermal papilla" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "dental papilla" RELATED [MA:0001598]
xref: FMA:57662 ! Dental papilla
xref: GAID:1277 ! dental papilla
xref: MA:0001598 ! dental papilla
xref: TAO:0005140 ! dental papilla
xref: ZFA:0005140 ! dental papilla
xref: BTO:0001839 ! dental papilla
xref: VHOG:0001465 ! dental papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray1011.png/200px-Gray1011.png
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.720.250 ! dental papilla
xref: VSAO:0000025 ! odontogenic papilla
xref: XAO:0004045 ! odontogenic papilla
is_a: UBERON:0005856 {source="JB"} ! developing mesenchymal condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 {source="BTO", notes="suspect"} ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001828 {source="FMA-implied", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! gingiva
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003856 {source="ZFA"} ! odontogenic mesenchyme
relationship: has_part CL:0000060 ! odontoblast
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gray1011.png
property_value: external_definition "Tissue of the developing tooth. It is composed of pre-odontoblast and undiffentiated mesnchyme cells and connects to the basal lamina.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005140", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000025", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
synonym: "odontogenic condensation" EXACT [VSAO:0000025]
property_value: homology_notes "Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001465", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-11-307 The homology of odontodes in gnathostomes: insights from Dlx gene expression in the dogfish\, Scyliorhinus canicula. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008969 ! dental follicle
name: dental follicle
def: "The dental follicle is a sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively." [Wikipedia:Dental_follicle]
is_a: UBERON:0005087 {source="BTO"} ! tooth placode
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 {source="BTO"} ! mouth
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="PMID:19767574"} ! neural crest
synonym: "tooth follicle" RELATED [BTO:0000337]
xref: SCTID:110975002 ! Follicle of tooth
xref: BTO:0000337 ! dental follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005087 ! tooth placode
name: tooth placode
def: "An tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud[GO]." [GO:0060790]
comment: Location notes: In mammals this may be located in the alveolar ridges, but note that some species such as zebrafish have ceratobranchial teeth. Sharks have dermal denticles that share developmental origins. Currently we don't include location information due to this diversity, but in future we may include specific subclasses and/or taxon GCIs.
synonym: "dental primordium" EXACT [ZFA:0001153]
synonym: "tooth germ" RELATED [ZFA:0001153]
synonym: "dental placode" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "odontogenic placode" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: ZFA:0001153 ! tooth placode
is_a: UBERON:0011814 {source="NBK53175"} ! non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
intersection_of: UBERON:0005085 ! ectodermal placode
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0004362 {source="Wikipedia:Tooth_development", notes="check for other species"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
xref: TAO:0001153 ! tooth placode
xref: BTO:0001511 ! tooth germ
property_value: external_definition "Placode that develops into a tooth. The placode is a thickening of the pharyngeal epithelium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001153", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008281 ! tooth bud
name: tooth bud
def: "A knoblike tooth primordium developing into an enamel organ surrounded by a dental sac and encasing the odontogenic papilla." [BTO:0001838]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0007499  ! epithelial sac
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005087 ! tooth placode
synonym: "tooth germ" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tooth_development]
xref: BTO:0001838 ! tooth bud
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth_Bud ! Tooth Bud
xref: SCTID:53301001 ! Tooth bud
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.720 ! tooth germ
xref: UMLS:C0040442

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004825
name: dental lamina
def: "a band of epithelial tissue seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. The dental lamina is first evidence of tooth development and begins at the sixth week in utero or three weeks after the rupture of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It is formed when cells of the oral ectoderm proliferate faster than cells of other areas. Best described as an in-growth of oral ectoderm, the dental lamina is frequently distinguished from the vestibular lamina, which develops concurrently. This dividing tissue is surrounded by and, some would argue, stimulated by ectomysenchymal growth. When it is present, the dental lamina connects the developing tooth bud to the epithelium of the oral cavity. Eventually, the dental lamina disintegrates into small clusters of epithelium and is resorbed. In situations when the clusters are not resorbed, (this remanent of the dental lamina is sometimes known as the glands of Serres) eruption cysts are formed over the developing tooth and delay its eruption into the oral cavity. This invagination of ectodermal tissues is the progenitor to the later ameloblasts and enamel while the ectomysenchyme is responsible for the odontogenic papilla and later odontoblasts." [Wikipedia:Dental_lamina]
synonym: "embryonic dental lamina" EXACT []
comment: Homology notes: In the epidermis of embryonic birds, there remains a transient thickening that is comparable to the early formation of the dental lamina in the mouse[PMID:10954731]. AO notes: check MA placement, this structure is the developing structure
xref: MA:0001597 ! dental lamina
xref: EMAPA:18292 ! dental lamina of epithelium of incisor of tooth of lower jaw
xref: EMAPA:18295 ! dental lamina of epithelium of molar of tooth of lower jaw
xref: EMAPA:18298 ! dental lamina of epithelium of incisor of tooth of upper jaw
xref: EMAPA:18301 ! dental lamina of epithelium of molar of tooth of upper jaw
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000957 ! lamina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 {source="MA"} ! calcareous tooth
xref: SCTID:362862007 ! fetal dental lamina
synonym: "lamina dentalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dental_lamina]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Dentallamina11-17-05.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005176 ! tooth enamel organ
name: tooth enamel organ
def: "." [Wikipedia:Enamel_organ, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3556489&group_id=76834&atid=994726]
comment: Editor notes: some sources treat the dental organ as epithelium - we treat it as the mereological sum of dentail epithelium plus dental papilla (consistent with treatment in many AOs), but this may be revised.Development notes: NOT develeops_from NC[UBERONREF:0000002]. Alternate definitioon: A cellular aggregation seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies above a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called the odontogenic papilla. Historically, enamel organ has been the term to describe this structure, but it was attempted unsuccessfully in recent years to change the name to dental organ in order to better represent its multiple functions apart from enamel formation[WP]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "enamel organ" EXACT [MP:0010747]
synonym: "dental organ" EXACT [ZFA:0005138]
synonym: "odontogenic organ" RELATED []
xref: MA:0001604 ! tooth enamel organ
xref: ZFA:0005138 ! dental organ
xref: BTO:0001722 ! enamel organ
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.720.265 ! enamel organ
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="ZFA"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 {source="MA-abduced"} ! calcareous tooth
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005087 {source="ZFA"} ! tooth placode
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: SCTID:362863002 ! Entire enamel organ
xref: TAO:0005138 ! dental organ
synonym: "organum enameleum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Enamel_organ]
property_value: external_definition "A structure that is involved in tooth formation.  A bell shape two layer  epithelial structure that descends toward the ceratobranchial 5 bone, enclosing the dental mesenchyme.  At later times in tooth development the cells at the apex of the bell may be involved in enameloid formation.  This structure remains at the base of the erupted tooth and is the source of replacement teeth.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005138", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003843
name: dental epithelium
def: "Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ." [ZFA:0005134, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3556489&group_id=76834&atid=994726]
comment: Editor notes: see comments for dentail organ. Development notes: In the developing molar dentition of the mouse, tooth inductive po- tential resides in the dental epithelium until embryonic day (E)12.5 (3). Thereafter, tooth inductive potential shifts to neural crest-derived dental mesenchyme, which acquires the ability to direct tooth formation in nonodontogenic tissues (3, 4)[PMID:10954731]. Editor notes: todo - full developmental relationships
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dental epithelia" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0005134]
synonym: "dental epithelium" EXACT [ZFA:0005134]
synonym: "tooth epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "odontogenic epithelium" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0001443
xref: ZFA:0005134 ! dental epithelium
xref: XAO:0003203 ! dental epithelium
xref: BTO:0001723 ! enamel epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005176 ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 {source="BTO"} ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {notes="epithelium", source="JB"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
xref: AAO:0011027 ! dental epithelium
xref: TAO:0005134 ! dental epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Odontogenic_Epithelial_Remnants ! odontogenic epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1709309

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006949 ! cervical loop
name: cervical loop
def: "The cervical loop is the location on an enamel organ in a developing tooth where the outer enamel epithelium and the inner enamel epithelium join. The cervical loop is a histologic term indicating a specific epithelial structure at the apical side of the tooth germ, consisting of loosely aggregated stellate reticulum in the center surrounded by stratum intermedium. These tissues are enveloped by a basal layer of epithelium known on the outside of the tooth as outer enamel epithelium and on the inside as inner enamel epithelium. During root formation the inner layers of epithelium disappear and only the basal layers are left creating Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS). At this point it is usually referred to as HERS instead of the cervical loop to indicate the structural difference[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cervical_loop]
is_a: UBERON:0003843 ! dental epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0006951 ! inner dental epithelium
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0006952 ! outer dental epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006950
name: stellate reticulum
alt_id: UBERON:0007441
def: "The stellate reticulum is a group of cells located in the center of the enamel organ of a developing tooth. These cells are star shaped and synthesize glycosaminoglycans. As glycosamingoglycans are produced, water is drawn in between the cells and stretch them apart. As they are moved further away from one another, the stellate reticulum maintain contact with one another through desmosomes, resulting in their unique appearance. stellate reticulum is lost after the first layer of dentin is laid down. this brings cells in inner enamel epithelium closer to blood vessels at the periphery[WP]." [Wikipedia:Stellate_reticulum]
is_a: UBERON:0003843 ! dental epithelium
xref: BTO:0003910 ! stellate reticulum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 {source="BTO"} ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006949 ! cervical loop
relationship: capable_of GO:0006024 ! glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process
xref: ncithesaurus:Stellate_Reticulum ! Stellate Reticulum
synonym: "reticulum stellatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stellate_reticulum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Cervical-loop.png
xref: UMLS:C1514963

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006951
name: inner dental epithelium
def: "Inner layer of the dental organ, composed of ameloblasts[ZFA]. The inner enamel epithelium, also known as the internal enamel epithelium, is a layer of cells located on the rim nearest the odontogenic papilla of the enamel organ in a developing tooth. This layer is first seen during the bell stage. The location of the enamel organ where the outer and inner enamel epithelium join is called the cervical loop[WP]." [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Inner_enamel_epithelium]
synonym: "inner enamel epithelium" EXACT [ZFA:0005136]
xref: ZFA:0005136 ! inner dental epithelium
xref: BTO:0003463 ! inner dental epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0003843 {source="ZFA"} ! dental epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 ! tooth enamel organ
relationship: has_part CL:0000059 ! ameloblast
xref: ncithesaurus:Inner_Enamel_Epithelium ! Inner Enamel Epithelium
xref: TAO:0005136 ! inner dental epithelium
synonym: "epithelium enameleum internum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inner_enamel_epithelium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Cervical-loop.png
property_value: external_definition "Inner layer of the dental organ, composed of ameloblasts.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005136", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C1512780

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006952
name: outer dental epithelium
def: "Outer layer of the dental organ[ZFA]. a layer of cuboidal cells located on the periphery of the enamel organ in a developing tooth. This layer is first seen during the bell stage." [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Outer_enamel_epithelium]
synonym: "outer enamel epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "external enamel epithelium" EXACT [Wikipedia:Outer_enamel_epithelium]
synonym: "external dental epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0003462]
xref: ZFA:0005137 ! outer dental epithelium
xref: BTO:0003462 ! external dental epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0003843 {source="ZFA"} ! dental epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 ! tooth enamel organ
xref: ncithesaurus:Outer_Enamel_Epithelium ! Outer Enamel Epithelium
xref: TAO:0005137 ! outer dental epithelium
synonym: "epithelium enameleum externum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Outer_enamel_epithelium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Cervical-loop.png
property_value: external_definition "Outer layer of the dental organ.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005137", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "outer enamel epithilium" RELATED [TAO:0005137]
xref: UMLS:C1518682

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007440
name: stratum intermedium of tooth
def: "The stratum intermedium in a developing tooth is a layer of two or three cells between the inner enamel epithelium and the newly forming cells of the stellate reticulum. It first appears during the early bell stage of tooth development, at around the 14th week of intrauterine life (in humans). The stratum intermedium has a notably high alkaline phosphatase activity. This layer, along with the inner enamel epithelium, is responsible for the tooth enamel formation. It is a part of the dental (enamel) organ." [Wikipedia:Stratum_intermedium]
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 {source="BTO"} ! tooth enamel organ
synonym: "stratum intermedium" BROAD [BTO:0005009]
xref: BTO:0005009 ! stratum intermedium
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Intermedium ! Stratum Intermedium
xref: UMLS:C1514987

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003672 ! dentition
name: dentition
comment: In FMA this is an anatomical set
synonym: "set of teeth" EXACT [FMA:75150]
synonym: "teeth" EXACT [FMA:75150]
synonym: "teeth set" EXACT [FMA:75150]
synonym: "teeth" RELATED []
xref: FMA:75150 ! Dentition
xref: GAID:1249 ! dentition
xref: ncithesaurus:Dentition ! Dentition
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi65JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! set of teeth
xref: AAO:0000126 ! dentition
xref: MESH:A14.254 ! dentition
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010323 ! cranial skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 {source="FMA"} ! mouth
synonym: "dentes" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75150]
xref: SCTID:245543004 ! Dentition
property_value: external_definition "Dentition refers to set of teeth, especially with regard to their number, kind, and arrangement, in the mouth.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000126", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0011443

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row
name: tooth row
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of adjacent teeth constituting a row." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "tooth rows" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001642]
synonym: "row of teeth" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "dental arcade" EXACT [FMA:59415]
is_a: UBERON:0003672 ! dentition
xref: ZFA:0001642 ! tooth row
xref: TAO:0001667 ! tooth row
xref: FMA:59415 ! dental arcade

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012115
name: dental comb
def: "a dental structure found in some mammals, comprising a group of front teeth arranged in a manner that facilitates grooming." [Wikipedia:Toothcomb]
comment: Taxon notes:  The toothcomb occurs in lemuriform primates (which includes lemurs and lorisoids), treeshrews, colugos, hyraxes, and some African antelopes. The structures evolved independently in different types of mammals through convergent evolution and vary both in dental composition and structure. In most mammals the comb is formed by a group of teeth with fine spaces between them. The toothcombs in most mammals include incisors only, while in lemuriform primates they include incisors and canine teeth that tilt forward at the front of the lower jaw, followed by a canine-shaped first premolar. The toothcombs of colugos and hyraxes take a different form with the individual incisors being serrated, providing multiple tines per tooth
synonym: "toothcomb" EXACT [Wikipedia:Toothcomb]
synonym: "tooth comb" EXACT [Wikipedia:Toothcomb]
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007625 ! grooming behavior

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001077 ! transverse process of vertebra
name: transverse process of vertebra
def: "The transverse or costal processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transverse_process]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "transverse process" EXACT []
synonym: "processus transversus" EXACT []
synonym: "processus transversus vertebrae" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebra transverse process" EXACT []
xref: FMA:11949 ! Transverse process of vertebra
xref: MA:0001456 ! vertebra transverse process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Processustransversusvertebrae.PNG/200px-Processustransversusvertebrae.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0006061 ! process of vertebra
xref: SCTID:264238006 ! Entire transverse process of vertebra
xref: XAO:0003102 ! transverse process
xref: AAO:0000698 ! transverse_process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003109
name: parapophysis
def: "Endochondral bone that forms from a lateral outgrowth of the basiventral arcualia and connects the rib with the vertebral centrum[TAO]. A lateral or ventrolateral projections of vertebrae to which ribs are attached in Danio rerio. ZFA: They can arise through replacement ossification of a basiventral or form directly in bone. They are separated from the centrum in basal teleosts, e.g., Leptolepis coryphaenoides, Megalops and Elops." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - check
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral process of basiventral" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000708 ! parapophysis
xref: TAO:0001362 ! parapophysis
xref: ZFA:0001362 ! parapophysis
is_a: UBERON:0001077 ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
property_value: external_definition "Projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000698", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002", source="AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008", source="AAO:Trueb_1973"}
property_value: external_definition "Paired processes, which arise near the dorsolateral part of the vertebral centrum, for the attachment of the capitulum of two-headed ribs.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000708", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that forms from a lateral outgrowth of the basiventral arcualia and connects the rib with the vertebral centrum.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001362", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from basiventral (TAO:0001361)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001362", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of non-Weberian precaudal vertebra (TAO:0001582)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001362", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "parapophyses" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001362]
synonym: "transverse apophyses" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001362]
synonym: "transverse apophysis" EXACT [TAO:0001362]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005813 ! tubercle
name: tubercle
def: "a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on bones, skin, or within the lungs in tuberculosis. They are also found on the leading edge of Humpback Whale's flippers, improving fluid flow over the flipper's surface[WP]." [Wikipedia:Tubercle_(anatomy)]
subset: grouping_class
subset: upper_level
xref: FMA:75429 ! tubercle
xref: BTO:0002173 ! tubercle
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
xref: AAO:0010605 ! tubercles

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006770
name: apophysis
xref: FMA:75428 ! apophysis
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
xref: SCTID:65000005 ! Apophysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005815
name: anterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra
synonym: "anterior costal tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:24126]
synonym: "anterior tubercle of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:24126]
xref: FMA:24126 ! anterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0005813 ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
synonym: "tuberculum cervicales anterius vertebrae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24126]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005816
name: posterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra
synonym: "posterior costal tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:24128]
synonym: "posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:24128]
xref: FMA:24128 ! posterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0005813 ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
synonym: "tuberculum cervicales posterius vertebrae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24128]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005810
name: cervical vertebra 1 anterior tubercle
comment: TODO - check: anterior vs ventral; arch vs transverse process
synonym: "cervical vertebra 1 ventral tubercle" EXACT [MA:0002871]
synonym: "atlas ventral tubercle" EXACT [MA:0002871]
synonym: "ventral tubercle of atlas" EXACT [MP:0010731]
synonym: "anterior tubercle of atlas" EXACT [FMA:23991]
synonym: "tubercle of anterior arch of atlas" EXACT [FMA:23991]
synonym: "tuberculum anterius (atlas)" EXACT [FMA:23991]
xref: MA:0002871 ! cervical vertebra 1 ventral tubercle
xref: FMA:23991 ! anterior tubercle of atlas
is_a: UBERON:0005813 ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005814 ! arch of atlas
xref: SCTID:281224005 ! Anterior tubercle of atlas


[Term]
id: UBERON:0005814 ! arch of atlas
name: arch of atlas
def: "." [Wikipedia:Arch_of_the_atlas]
synonym: "atlas arch" EXACT [FMA:23975]
xref: FMA:23975 ! arch of atlas
xref: SCTID:272708001 ! Arch of atlas
intersection_of: UBERON:0010358 ! vertebral arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! cervical vertebra 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003996
name: arcus anterior
alt_id: UBERON:0005209
def: "The anterior arch of the atlas forms about one-fifth of the ring of the atlas: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet (fovea dentis), for articulation with the odontoid process (dens) of the axis[WP]. The arch that connects the lateral masses of the atlas anteriorly and articulates with the anterior articular facet of the dens of the axis[MP]." [MP:0009879, Wikipedia:Anterior_arch_of_atlas]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 1 arcus anterior" EXACT [MA:0002954]
synonym: "anterior arch of atlas" EXACT [MA:0002954]
synonym: "arcus anterior atlantis" EXACT [MA:0002954]
xref: MA:0002954 ! cervical vertebra 1 arcus anterior
xref: FMA:23976 ! Anterior arch of atlas
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! atlas
xref: SCTID:181891000 ! Entire anterior arch of atlas
synonym: "arcus anterior atlantis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_arch_of_atlas]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Arcusanterioratlantis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007800
name: proatlas
def: "a small, paired bony element (more rarely, having fused parts) located between the skull and the atlas in tuataras, crocodiles, chameleons, and many fossil reptiles; it is uncommon in turtles and mammals (hedgehog). The proatlas apparently develops from the ossified neural part of the sclerotome. Externally it resembles the neural arch of the vertebra, since it articulates anteriorly with the lateral occipital bone and posteriorly with the anterior articular process of the atlas." [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Proatlas]
comment: Variation notes: sometimes seen in humans as an anomaly.
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0001092 ! atlas

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001092
name: cervical vertebra 1
def: "." [Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy)]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "atlas (CI)" EXACT []
synonym: "C1 vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "C1" BROAD []
synonym: "first cervical vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "atlas" EXACT []
synonym: "atlas vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "cervical atlas" EXACT [MP:0011576]
xref: AAO:0000709 ! atlas
xref: EHDAA:10606 ! atlas
xref: FMA:12519 ! Atlas
xref: GAID:236 ! atlas
xref: MA:0001421 ! cervical vertebra 1
xref: ncithesaurus:C1_Vertebra ! C1 Vertebra
xref: ZFA:0001167 ! vertebra 1
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.151.213 ! atla
xref: SCTID:181818007 ! Entire atlas vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0001093 ! cervical vertebra 2
property_value: vertebra_number "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0001167 ! vertebra 1
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0001676 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", source="FMA"} ! occipital bone
property_value: external_definition "First postcranial vertebra, which is modified anteriorly to articulate with the skull.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000709", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}
property_value: external_definition "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to the neurocranium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001167", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "vertebra 1" EXACT [TAO:0001167]
xref: UMLS:C0004170

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001093
name: cervical vertebra 2
def: "second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine." [Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy)]
comment: note: not the same as ZFA term 'axis'
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "C2 vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "C2" BROAD []
synonym: "axis (CII)" EXACT []
synonym: "axis vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "second cervical vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "cervical vertebra 2" EXACT [MA:0001422]
synonym: "cervical axis" EXACT [MP:0004608]
synonym: "axis" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MA:0001422]
synonym: "vertebra 2" EXACT [ZFA:0001168]
xref: MA:0001422 ! cervical vertebra 2
xref: EHDAA:10608 ! axis
xref: FMA:12520 ! Axis
xref: GAID:237 ! axis
xref: ZFA:0001168 ! vertebra 2
xref: ncithesaurus:C2_Vertebra ! c2 vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-zaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! second cervical vertebra
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.151.383 ! axis
xref: SCTID:181819004 ! Entire axis vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
property_value: vertebra_number "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0001168 ! vertebra 2
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0001092 {source="FMA"} ! cervical vertebra 1
property_value: external_definition "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 1.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001168", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
xref: UMLS:C0004457

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001095
name: caudal vertebra
def: "bones in the tails or coccyx of mammals. In zebrafish: Vertebra bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae." [Wikipedia:Caudal_vertebra, ZFIN:curator]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "caudal vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "tail vertebra" RELATED [MA:0000310]
xref: MA:0000310 ! caudal vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9IEzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000326 ! caudal vertebra
xref: XAO:0003079 ! caudal vertebra
xref: ZFA:0000326 ! caudal vertebra
xref: EMAPA:18374 ! vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006076 ! caudal region of vertebral column
property_value: external_definition "Vertebrae bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000326", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013503
name: caudal vertebra cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006076 ! caudal region of vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013504 ! caudal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013504
name: caudal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006076 ! caudal region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006070
name: coccygeal vertebra
def: "A caudal vertebra that is part of a coccyx." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: AO notes: we assume the MA class represents a subtype of caudal vertebra in what corresponds to the coccyx in humans
synonym: "coccygea" RELATED [MA:0001420]
synonym: "caudal vertebra" BROAD SENSU [FMA:12527]
synonym: "fused tail vertebra" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "coccygeal segment" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001420 ! coccygeal vertebra
xref: FMA:12527 ! Coccygeal vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:Coccygeal_Vertebra ! Coccygeal Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9IEzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! coccygeal vertebra
xref: galen:CoccygealVertebra
is_a: UBERON:0001095 {source="MA"} ! caudal vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001350 ! coccyx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013517 ! coccygeal vertebra cartilaginous condensation
xref: SCTID:361774004 ! Entire coccygeal vertebra
xref: UMLS:C0223616

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013517
name: coccygeal vertebra cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0006070 ! coccygeal vertebra
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013518 ! coccygeal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000260 ! coccygeal vertebral cartilage condensation group
synonym: "coccygeal vertebral cartilage condensation group" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000260]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013518
name: coccygeal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0006070 ! coccygeal vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006068
name: bone of tail
synonym: "tail bone" EXACT [MA:0000696]
xref: MA:0000696 ! tail bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail
def: "A bone that is part of a post-anal tail." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001350 ! coccyx
name: coccyx
def: "A collection of caudal vertebrae in the coccygeal region - may be fused[cjm]." [Wikipedia:Coccyx, UBERON:cjm]
comment: In MA the subclass hierarchy is cocc V is_a caud V is_a tail bone. Taxon notes: In humans: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column. Comprising three to five separate or fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae) below the sacrum, it is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx. The term coccyx comes originally from the Greek language and means 'cuckoo', referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo's beak when viewed from the side. [WP,unvetted].
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coccygeal vertebrae I-IV" EXACT [FMA:20229]
synonym: "tailbone" RELATED SENSU [FMA:20229]
synonym: "coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae i-iv]" EXACT [FMA:20229]
synonym: "coccygeal skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000259]
xref: AAO:0000731 ! coccyx
xref: FMA:20229 ! Coccyx
xref: GAID:239 ! coccyx
xref: galen:Coccyx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1XqHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Coccyx ! Coccyx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1XqHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! tail bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gray100.png/200px-Gray100.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.229 ! coccyx
xref: EHDAA2:0000259 ! coccygeal skeleton
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001270 {source="FMA"} ! bony pelvis
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0006070 ! coccygeal vertebra
synonym: "coccyx [vertebrae coccygeae i-iv]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:20229]
synonym: "os coccygis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:20229]
xref: SCTID:182028002 ! Entire coccyx
subset: organ_slim
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0003690 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! sacrum
synonym: "os coccygis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coccyx]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Gray100.png
property_value: external_definition "Small, bony element consisting of several fused, rudimentary caudal vertebrae; near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000731", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002", source="AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "coccygeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0009194

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007801
name: pygostyle
def: "Pygostyle refers to a number of the final few caudal vertebrae fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pygostyle]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Aves
xref: SCTID:416894001 ! Pygostyle
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdskeleton.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007802
name: uropygial gland
def: "A large gland at the base of a bird's tail dorsal to the cloaca at the end of the pygostyle that secretes an oil used in preening.  It opens through a caudally directed nipple." [BTO:0001420, Wikipedia:Uropygial_gland, http://en.wikivet.net]
comment: The gland is found near the base of the tail and is shaped into two symmetric parts. The oil of each part of the gland is secreted through the surface of the skin through a grease nipple-like nub. A bird will typically transfer this oil to its feathers by rubbing its head against the oil and then around the rest of the body. Tailward areas are usually preened utilizing the beak. Not all birds have a uropygial gland. Exceptions include the emu, ostrich, and bustards. These typically find other means to stay clean and dry, such as taking a dust bath
synonym: "oil gland" RELATED  [BTO:0001420]
synonym: "preen gland" RELATED  []
synonym: "preen oil gland" RELATED  []
xref: BTO:0001420 ! uropygial gland
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="BTO"} ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0007803 ! preen oil
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002415 {source="BTO"} ! tail
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Aves
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007625 ! grooming behavior
relationship: has_function_in NBO:0000451 ! personal grooming
xref: SCTID:48626006 ! Uropygial gland
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011676 ! axial subdivision of organism
name: axial subdivision of organism
def: "A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its anterio-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
subset: upper_level

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005434 ! cervical region
name: cervical region
synonym: "cervical region" EXACT [FMA:24219]
synonym: "neck subdivision" EXACT [FMA:24219]
synonym: "region of neck" EXACT [FMA:24219]
synonym: "subdivision of neck" EXACT [FMA:24219]
xref: FMA:24219 ! Subdivision of neck
is_a: UBERON:0011676 ! axial subdivision of organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: SCTID:123958008 ! Region of neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002100
name: trunk
def: "Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present." [TAO:0001115, Wikipedia:Torso, UBERONREF:0000006]
comment: editor note - check AAO
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "thoracolumbar region" EXACT []
synonym: "torso" EXACT []
synonym: "Rumpf" RELATED [BTO:0001493]
synonym: "trunk region" EXACT [XAO:0000054]
xref: BILA:0000116
xref: FMA:7181 ! Trunk
xref: MA:0000004 ! trunk
xref: MAT:0000296 ! trunk
xref: MIAA:0000296 ! trunk
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkJjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001115 ! trunk
xref: XAO:0003025 ! trunk
xref: ZFA:0001115 ! trunk
xref: ncithesaurus:Trunk ! Trunk
xref: BTO:0001493 ! trunk
xref: EFO:0000966 ! trunk
xref: galen:Trunk ! trunk
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkJjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! torso
xref: AAO:0010339 ! trunk
xref: XAO:0000054 ! trunk region
is_a: UBERON:0011676 ! axial subdivision of organism
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000033 ! head
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002464 ! nerve trunk
xref: SCTID:262225004 ! Entire trunk
property_value: external_definition "Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010339", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001115", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0460005

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009569 ! subdivision of trunk
name: subdivision of trunk
synonym: "region of trunk" EXACT  [FMA:25054]
synonym: "trunk subdivision" EXACT  [FMA:25054]
subset: non_informative
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: FMA:25054 ! subdivision of trunk
xref: SCTID:22943007 ! Trunk structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001137
name: dorsum
def: "The dorsal part of an animal, which in vertebrares includes the vertebral column. [cjm]." [Wikipedia:Dorsum_(anatomy), UBERONREF:0000006]
comment: Taxon notes: In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "back" EXACT [FMA:14181]
synonym: "back of body proper" EXACT [FMA:14181]
synonym: "dorsal part of organism" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14181 ! back
xref: GAID:30 ! back
xref: galen:Back
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkEU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Back ! Back
xref: EFO:0001405 ! back
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/432px-Gray-back.PNG/200px-432px-Gray-back.PNG
xref: BTO:0001713 ! dorsum
xref: MESH:A01.176 ! back
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
xref: SCTID:123961009 ! Back region
property_value: has_relational_adjective "dorsal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0004600

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013235 ! ventrum
name: ventrum
def: "The ventral part of an animal. [cjm]." [UBERONREF:0000006]
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
synonym: "front of body proper" EXACT [FMA:259204]
synonym: "front" BROAD []
synonym: "ventral region of organism" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral part of organism" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral region" BROAD []
xref: FMA:259204 ! front of body proper

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011270
name: dorsal trunk
def: "The part of the trunk that is in the dorsum[cjm]. In humans, the subdivision of trunk which is demarcated from the trunk proper by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines, the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall; together with the trunk proper, it constitutes the trunk[FMA]." [FMA:25056, Wikipedia:Human_back, UBERONREF:0000006]
synonym: "dorsal part of trunk" EXACT  []
synonym: "dorsum of trunk" EXACT  [FMA:25056]
synonym: "trunk back" EXACT  [FMA:25056]
synonym: "back of trunk" EXACT [FMA:25056]
is_a: UBERON:0009569 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001137 {source="FMA"} ! dorsum
xref: FMA:25056 ! back of trunk
xref: MA:0000020 ! back of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013236
name: ventral trunk
synonym: "anterolateral part of trunk" EXACT  [FMA:25055]
synonym: "front of trunk" EXACT  [FMA:25055]
synonym: "trunk front" EXACT  [FMA:25055]
synonym: "trunk proper" EXACT [FMA:25055]
is_a: UBERON:0009569 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013235 ! ventrum
xref: FMA:25055 ! trunk proper
property_value: external_definition "Subdivision of trunk which is demarcated from the back of trunk by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines, the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall and from the limbs by the inguinal folds; together with the back of trunk, it constitutes the trunk. Examples: There is only one trunk proper[FMA:25055]." xsd:string {source="FMA:25055"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008231
name: dorsal thoracic segment of trunk
def: "Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax." [FMA:24217]
synonym: "dorsum of thorax" EXACT  [FMA:24217]
synonym: "posterior part of thorax" EXACT  [FMA:24217]
synonym: "thoracic back" EXACT  [FMA:24217]
synonym: "thoracic part of back" EXACT  [FMA:24217]
synonym: "upper back" EXACT [MA:0000028]
xref: FMA:24217 ! back of thorax
xref: MA:0000028 ! upper back
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011270 {source="FMA"} ! dorsal trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 {source="MA"} ! thorax
xref: SCTID:362666008 ! Entire upper back
synonym: "back of thorax" RELATED [FMA:24217]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005473
name: sacral region
comment: Taxn notes: Amphibians - 1 sacral vertebra; Living reptiles & most birds - 2 sacral vertebrae; Most mammals - 3 to 5 sacral vertebrae. TODO - split sacral from sacrococcygeal
synonym: "back of pelvis" EXACT [FMA:24228]
synonym: "pelvic back" EXACT [FMA:24228]
synonym: "sacral part of pelvis" EXACT [FMA:24228]
synonym: "posterior part of pelvis" EXACT [FMA:24228]
synonym: "rump" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Rump_(animal)]
synonym: "croup" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Rump_(animal)]
xref: FMA:24228 ! Posterior part of pelvis
is_a: UBERON:0011676 ! axial subdivision of organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
synonym: "regio sacralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24228]
xref: SCTID:182344001 ! Entire sacral region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006071
name: caudal region
comment: We follow XAO is distinguishing the tail region from the tail; the tail bud is part of the tail region; the tail starts after the tail bud
synonym: "postsacral region" RELATED [AAO:0000082]
synonym: "tail region" RELATED [AAO:0000082]
xref: XAO:0000087 ! tail region
is_a: UBERON:0011676 ! axial subdivision of organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000154 ! posterior region of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004451 ! trunk or cervical vertebra
name: trunk or cervical vertebra
def: "A vertebra in the trunk or cervical region. Includes all cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, but excludes caudal vertebra." [UBERONREF:0000006]
comment: In humans, there are 24 presacral vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar). AO notes: it's not clear if the XAO class belongs here or below
xref: MA:0002869 ! presacral vertebra
xref: XAO:0003077 ! presacral vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
union_of: UBERON:0011677 ! trunk vertebra
union_of: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
synonym: "presacral vertebra" EXACT [MA:0002869]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011677 ! trunk vertebra
name: trunk vertebra
def: "A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes cervical, caudal, sacral (if present)." [UBERONREF:0000006]
synonym: "thoracolumbar vertebra" EXACT  []
synonym: "abdominal vertebra" RELATED  [TAO:0000263]
synonym: "trunk vertebra" RELATED  [TAO:0000263]
is_a: UBERON:0004451 ! trunk or cervical vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009568 ! trunk region of vertebral column
xref: TAO:0000263 ! precaudal vertebra
xref: ZFA:0000263 ! precaudal vertebra
property_value: external_definition "Post-Weberian vertebrae lacking hemal spines (Weitzman, 1962), refers generally to the anterior vertebral region bounding the abdominal cavity.  Alternate but not quite synonymous terms are abdominal or trunk vertebrae, which bear parapophyses and ribs. In many actinopterygians dorsal to the posterior abdominal cavity there are transitional vertebrae lacking ribs but also without hemal spines or sometimes even enclosed hemal arches. The primary definition would identify these vertebrae as precaudal. Bird and Mabee, 2003.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000263", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "precaudal vertebra" RELATED [TAO:0000263]
synonym: "abdominal vertebrae" RELATED [TAO:0000263]
synonym: "precaudal vertebrae" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000263]
synonym: "trunk vertebrae" RELATED [TAO:0000263]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
name: subdivision of vertebral column
def: "A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: non_informative
synonym: "vertebral region" RELATED []
synonym: "vertebral subdivision" RELATED []
synonym: "vertebral column subdivision" EXACT [FMA:16201]
synonym: "subdivision of vertebral skeleton" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:16201 ! subdivision of vertebral column
intersection_of: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001137 {source="FMA"} ! back

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009568
name: trunk region of vertebral column
def: "Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae." [UBERONREF:0000006]
synonym: "trunk region" RELATED [AAO:0000612]
synonym: "presacral region" RELATED  [AAO:0000612]
synonym: "thoracolumbar region" RELATED  [AAO:0000612]
xref: AAO:0000612 ! trunk region (also: UBERON:0006073 'thoracic region of vertebral column')
intersection_of: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracolumbar_Region ! thoracolumbar region
property_value: external_definition "Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000612", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}
xref: SCTID:281699004 ! Entire presacral region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column
name: cervical region of vertebral column
def: "That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine." [Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]
synonym: "cervical vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:24138]
synonym: "cervical spinal column" EXACT [FMA:24138]
synonym: "cervical spine" EXACT [FMA:24138]
synonym: "cervical skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000238]
xref: EHDAA2:0000238 ! cervical skeleton
xref: AAO:0000092 ! cervical region
xref: EHDAA:5051 ! cervical region
xref: EMAPA:17215 ! cervical region
xref: FMA:24138 ! Cervical vertebral column
xref: BTO:0004148 ! cervical spine
intersection_of: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0005434 ! cervical region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012477 {source="FMA"} ! dorsal part of neck
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spine ! Cervical Spine
xref: SCTID:260488005 ! Entire cervical spine
property_value: external_definition "Anterior region of the vertebral column consisting of one to 19 or 20 vertebrae.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000092", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}
xref: UMLS:C0728985

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column
name: thoracic region of vertebral column
def: "That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae." [Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]
synonym: "thoracic vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:9140]
synonym: "columna vertebralis thoracicus" EXACT [FMA:9140]
synonym: "thoracic spine" EXACT [FMA:9140]
synonym: "thoracic skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002013]
xref: EHDAA2:0002013 ! thoracic skeleton
xref: EHDAA:5063 ! thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:17396 ! thoracic region
xref: FMA:9140 ! Thoracic vertebral column
xref: BTO:0004150 ! thoracic spine
xref: AAO:0000612 ! trunk region (also: UBERON:0009568 'trunk region of vertebral column')
intersection_of: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008231 {source="FMA"} ! dorsal thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spine ! Thoracic Spine
xref: SCTID:243931006 ! Entire thoracic spine
property_value: external_definition "Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000612", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}
xref: UMLS:C0581269

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column
name: lumbar region of vertebral column
def: "Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the lumbar subdivision of the body, containing the lumbar vertebrae." [UBERONREF:0000006]
synonym: "lumbar spine" EXACT [BTO:0004147]
synonym: "lumbar vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:16203]
synonym: "lumbar skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001037]
xref: EHDAA2:0001037 ! lumbar skeleton
xref: EHDAA:5055 ! lumbar region
xref: EMAPA:17393 ! lumbar region
xref: GAID:31 ! lumbosacral region
xref: FMA:16203 ! Lumbar vertebral column
xref: BTO:0004147 ! lumbar spine
intersection_of: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0005462 ! lower back
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005462 ! lower back
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Spine ! Lumbar Spine
xref: SCTID:243932004 ! Entire lumbar spine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006075 ! sacral region of vertebral column
name: sacral region of vertebral column
def: "Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the sacral subdivision of the body, containing the sacral vertebrae or sacrum." [UBERONREF:0000006]
comment: In adult humans, the sacral skeleton is fused and called the sacrum
synonym: "sacrum" NARROW []
synonym: "sacral skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001772]
xref: EHDAA2:0001772 ! sacral skeleton
xref: AAO:0000724 ! sacral region
xref: GAID:32 ! sacrococcygeal region
xref: EHDAA:5059 ! sacral region
xref: EMAPA:17676 ! sacral region
intersection_of: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0005473 ! sacral region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005473 ! sacral region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Region of the vertebral column represented by one or two vertebrae.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000724", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011271
name: caudal-sacral region of vertebral column
def: "Subdivision of vertebral column that is posterior to the sacral region and anterior to the caudal region." [UBERONREF:0000006]
comment: Definition to be reviewed for generality across tetrapods
xref: AAO:0000080 ! caudal-sacral region
is_a: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
property_value: external_definition "Region of the vertebral column posterior to the sacrum consisting of two to four vertebrae. The last of these vertebrae is distinguished by the possession of a well-developed haemal arch; it supports the posterior part of the cloaca and marks the posterior limit of the trunk.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000080", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Treub_1994"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006076 ! caudal region of vertebral column
name: caudal region of vertebral column
def: "Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the sacral subdivision of the body, containing the caudal vertebrae." [UBERONREF:0000006]
comment: in AAO, this is posterior to the caudal-sacral region
synonym: "postsacral region" RELATED [AAO:0000082]
synonym: "tail region" RELATED [AAO:0000082]
synonym: "caudal region" RELATED [AAO:0000082]
synonym: "caudal skeleton" EXACT [UBERONREF:0000006]
xref: AAO:0000082 ! caudal region
intersection_of: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0006071 ! caudal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006071 ! caudal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000082", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002413
name: cervical vertebra
def: "A vertebra immediately inferior to the skull[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae]
comment: In some species, some parts of the skull may be composed of vertebra-like elements, e.g. the occipital bone in humans is composed of four vertebra-like segments. In many vertebrate species, cervical vertebrae are variable in number; however, almost all mammals have seven (including those with very short necks relative to body size, such as elephants or whales, and those with very long necks, such as giraffes). The few exceptions include the manatee and the sloths, of which the two-toed sloth has six cervical vertebrae and the three-toed sloth has up to nine cervical vertebrae. In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. n humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cervical vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: FMA:9915 ! Cervical vertebra
xref: GAID:235 ! cervical vertebrae
xref: galen:CervicalVertebra
xref: MA:0000311 ! cervical vertebra
xref: XAO:0003076 ! cervical vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Vertebra ! Cervical Vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Illu_vertebral_column.jpg/200px-Illu_vertebral_column.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17674 ! vertebra of cervical region
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.151 ! cervical vertebrae
is_a: UBERON:0004451 ! trunk or cervical vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013505 ! cervical vertebra cartilaginous condensation
xref: SCTID:181820005 ! Entire cervical vertebra
synonym: "vertebrae cervicales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Illu_vertebral_column.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013505
name: cervical vertebra cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013506 ! cervical vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000240 ! cervical vertebral cartilage condensation group
synonym: "cervical vertebral cartilage condensation group" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000240]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013506
name: cervical vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002347
name: thoracic vertebra
def: "In humans, the 12 thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. They are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase in size as one proceeds down the spine, the upper vertebrae being much smaller than those in the lower part of the region. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebra thoracica" EXACT []
synonym: "thorax vertebra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebra of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:9139 ! Thoracic vertebra
xref: GAID:244 ! thoracic vertebrae
xref: MA:0000314 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdZIBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vertebra ! Thoracic Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdZIBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! dorsal vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray90.png/200px-Gray90.png
xref: EMAPA:18011 ! vertebra of thoracic region
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.892 ! thoracic vertebrae
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013507 ! thoracic vertebra cartilaginous condensation
xref: SCTID:181821009 ! Entire thoracic vertebra
xref: UMLS:C0039987

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013507
name: thoracic vertebra cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013508 ! thoracic vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0002014 ! thoracic vertebral cartilage condensation group
synonym: "thoracic vertebral cartilage condensation group" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002014]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013508
name: thoracic vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002414
name: lumbar vertebra
def: "Large vertebra of the movable part of the vertebral column, characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body." [Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae]
comment: Whereas all rats had six lumbar vertebrae, variable patterns in mice included mostly five vertebrae in DBA/2J, mostly six vertebrae in C57BL/6J, and a mix in B6129PF2/J - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:9921 ! Lumbar vertebra
xref: GAID:240 ! lumbar vertebrae
xref: MA:0000312 ! lumbar vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaOek5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Vertebra ! Lumbar Vertebra
xref: galen:LumbarVertebra ! lumbar vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaOek5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lumbar vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gray93.png/200px-Gray93.png
xref: EMAPA:18007 ! vertebra of lumbar region
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.519 ! lumbar vertebrae
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013509 ! lumbar vertebra cartilaginous condensation
xref: SCTID:181822002 ! Entire lumbar vertebra
xref: UMLS:C0024091

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013509
name: lumbar vertebra cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013510 ! lumbar vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001038 ! lumbar vertebral cartilage condensation group
synonym: "lumbar vertebral cartilage condensation group" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001038]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013510
name: lumbar vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001094
name: sacral vertebra
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sacral segment" EXACT []
synonym: "segment of sacrum" EXACT []
xref: FMA:12526 ! Sacral vertebra
xref: MA:0000313 ! sacral vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-ZsXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0003078 ! sacral vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacral_Vertebra ! Sacral Vertebra
xref: galen:SacralVertebra ! sacral vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-ZsXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sacral vertebra
xref: EMAPA:18336 ! vertebra of sacral region
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006075 ! sacral region of vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010745 ! sacral vertebra cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:361773005 ! Entire sacral vertebra
def: "A vertebra that is part of a sacral region of vertebral column." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1261045

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010744
name: sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006075 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sacral region of vertebral column
xref: EHDAA2:0001774 ! sacral vertebral pre-cartilage condensation group
synonym: "sacral vertebral pre-cartilage condensation group" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001774]
xref: EMAPA:17677 ! vertebral pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010745
name: sacral vertebra cartilage condensation
synonym: "sacral vertebral cartilage condensation" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010744 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sacral vertebral pre-cartilage condensation group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006075 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sacral region of vertebral column
xref: EHDAA2:0001773 ! sacral vertebral cartilage condensation group
synonym: "sacral vertebral cartilage condensation group" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001773]
xref: EMAPA:18009 ! vertebral cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001948
name: regional part of spinal cord
subset: non_informative
synonym: "spinal cord part" RELATED []
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1496 ! Regional part of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:244437008 ! Region of spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Part ! Spinal Cord Part
def: "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1268166

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005844 ! spinal cord segment
name: spinal cord segment
comment: Editor notes: This is currently used loosely to refer to cervical, lumbar, etc as well as the metamerically repeated segments, which may correspond more closely with the ZFA neuromere term
synonym: "spinal neuromere" RELATED [TAO:0001332]
synonym: "axial regional part of spinal cord" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2665]
synonym: "axial part of spinal cord" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2665]
synonym: "segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:62420]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2665 ! Axial regional part of spinal cord
xref: FMA:62420 ! Segment of spinal cord
xref: ZFA:0001332 ! spinal neuromere
is_a: UBERON:0001948 ! regional part of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278748001 ! Segment of spinal cord
xref: TAO:0001332 ! spinal neuromere
synonym: "spinal neuromeres" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0001332]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002726 ! cervical spinal cord
name: cervical spinal cord
synonym: "cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8]" EXACT [FMA:71166]
synonym: "cervical spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:71166]
synonym: "cervical segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:71166]
xref: FMA:71166 ! Cervical segment of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1499 ! Cervical spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spinal_Cord ! Cervical Spinal Cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0005844 ! spinal cord segment
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0005434 ! cervical region
synonym: "segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71166]
xref: SCTID:180960003 ! Entire cervical spinal cord
def: "A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0581619

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003038 ! thoracic spinal cord
name: thoracic spinal cord
def: "The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thoracic_spinal_cord]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thoracic region of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:71167]
synonym: "thoracic segments of spinal cord [1-12]" EXACT [FMA:71167]
synonym: "thoracic spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:71167]
synonym: "thoracic segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:71167]
xref: FMA:71167 ! Thoracic segment of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_966 ! Thoracic spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spinal_Cord ! Thoracic Spinal Cord
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray820.png/200px-Gray820.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0005844 ! spinal cord segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008231 ! dorsal thoracic segment of trunk
synonym: "segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71167]
xref: SCTID:278750009 ! Segment of thoracic spinal cord
xref: UMLS:C0581620

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002792 ! lumbar spinal cord
name: lumbar spinal cord
def: "." [Wikipedia:Lumbar_spinal_cord]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lumbar segments of spinal cord [1-5]" EXACT [FMA:71168]
synonym: "lumbar spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:71168]
synonym: "lumbar segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:71168]
xref: FMA:71168 ! Lumbar segment of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1704 ! Lumbar spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Spinal_Cord ! Lumbar Spinal Cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0005844 ! spinal cord segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005462 ! lower back
synonym: "segmenta lumbalia medullae spinalis [1-5]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71168]
xref: SCTID:180962006 ! Entire lumbar spinal cord
xref: UMLS:C0581621

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005843 ! sacral spinal cord
name: sacral spinal cord
synonym: "sacral segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256623]
synonym: "sacral segments of spinal cord [1-5]" EXACT [FMA:256623]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1275 ! Sacral spinal cord
xref: FMA:256623 ! Sacral segment of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0005844 ! spinal cord segment
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0005473 ! sacral region
synonym: "segmenta sacralia medullae spinalis [1-5]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:256623]
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacral_Spinal_Cord ! Sacral Spinal Cord
xref: SCTID:244438003 ! Entire sacral spinal cord
def: "A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a sacral region." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0581669

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005845 ! caudal segment of spinal cord
name: caudal segment of spinal cord
comment: for spinal cord segments, we treat coccygeal/caudal as synonyms - we only differentiate where bone is concerned
synonym: "coccygeal segments of spinal cord [1-3]" EXACT [FMA:256635]
synonym: "coccygeal segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256635]
xref: FMA:256635 ! coccygeal segment of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0005844 ! spinal cord segment
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006071 ! caudal region
synonym: "segmenta coccygea medullae spinalis [1-3]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:256635]
xref: SCTID:278753006 ! Segment of coccygeal spinal cord
def: "A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a caudal region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
name: cervical subsegment of spinal cord
synonym: "segment part of cervical spinal cord" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1688]
xref: FMA:256653 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1688 ! Segment part of cervical spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0005844 {source="FMA", source="NIF"} ! spinal cord segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002726 ! cervical spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278749009 ! Segment of cervical spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
name: thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
synonym: "segment part of thoracic spinal cord" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_892]
xref: FMA:256655 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_892 ! Segment part of thoracic spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0005844 {source="FMA", source="NIF"} ! spinal cord segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003038 ! thoracic spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007716 ! lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
name: lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
synonym: "segment part of lumbar spinal cord" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1652]
xref: FMA:256657 ! lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1652 ! Segment part of lumbar spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0005844 {source="FMA", source="NIF"} ! spinal cord segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002792 ! lumbar spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278751008 ! Segment of lumbar spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007717 ! sacral subsegment of spinal cord
name: sacral subsegment of spinal cord
synonym: "segment part of sacral spinal cord" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1512]
xref: FMA:256659 ! sacral subsegment of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1512 ! Segment part of sacral spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0005844 {source="FMA", source="NIF"} ! spinal cord segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005843 ! sacral spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278752001 ! Segment of sacral spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001096
name: wall of esophagus
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "esophageal wall" EXACT []
synonym: "esophagus wall" EXACT []
synonym: "anatomical wall of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:12611 ! Wall of esophagus
xref: MA:0002691 ! esophagus wall
is_a: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001097
name: axillary lymph node
def: "The Axillary lymph nodes are of large size, vary from twenty to thirty in number, and may be arranged in the following groups: brachial lymph nodes (or 'lateral') pectoral axillary lymph nodes (or 'anterior') subscapular axillary lymph nodes (or 'posterior') central lymph nodes apical lymph nodes (or 'medial' or 'subclavicular') [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Axillary_lymph_node, Wikipedia:Axillary_lymph_nodes]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "axillary node" EXACT []
xref: FMA:12771 ! Axillary lymph node
xref: MA:0000735 ! axillary lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Axillary_Lymph_Node ! Axillary Lymph Node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gray607.png/200px-Gray607.png
is_a: UBERON:0003968 {source="CL:tm"} ! peripheral lymph node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
xref: SCTID:181759007 ! Entire axillary lymph node
synonym: "nodi lymphoidei axillares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Axillary_lymph_nodes]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Gray607.png
xref: UMLS:C0729594

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001098
name: incisor tooth
def: "Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Incisor_tooth]
comment: Humans normally have eight (8) incisors; Among other animals, some other primates, cats and horses have twelve. Rodents have four, while Foxes have nine. Rabbits and hares (lagomorphs) were once considered rodents, but are distinguished by having eight — one small pair, called 'peg teeth', is located directly behind the most anterior pair. Incisors are used to bite off tough foods, such as red meat
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "incisor" EXACT [MA:0000349]
xref: MA:0000349 ! incisor
xref: GAID:1263 ! incisor 
xref: EHDAA:8011 ! incisor
xref: EHDAA:8047 ! incisor
xref: FMA:12823 ! Incisor tooth
xref: GAID:1263 ! incisor
xref: MA:0000349 ! incisor
xref: ncithesaurus:Incisor ! Incisor
xref: BTO:0001741 ! incisor
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ch5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! incisor
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gray997.png/200px-Gray997.png
xref: MESH:A14.254.860.425 ! incisor
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition
xref: SCTID:420856006 ! Entire incisor tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003674 ! cuspid
disjoint_from: UBERON:0007120 ! premolar tooth
xref: UMLS:C0021156

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001099
name: subcostal vein
def: "The subcostal vein is a vein in the human body that runs along the bottom of the twelfth rib. It has the same essential qualities as the posterior intercostal veins, except that it cannot be considered intercostal because it is not between two ribs. Each subcostal vein gives off a posterior (dorsal) branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subcostal_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:12845 ! Subcostal vein
xref: MA:0002222 ! subcostal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Subcostal_Vein ! Subcostal Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:25248001 ! Entire subcostal vein
synonym: "vena subcostalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subcostal_vein]
xref: UMLS:C0226653


[Term]
id: UBERON:0004711 ! jugular vein
name: jugular vein
def: "Any one of the several large veins of the neck that drain blood from the head[BTO]. Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins[GAID]. The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava[WP]." [BTO:0001744, Wikipedia:Jugular_vein]
synonym: "vena jugularis" RELATED [BTO:0001744]
synonym: "jugular" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001744 ! jugular vein
xref: MA:0002154 ! jugular vein
xref: GAID:536 ! jugular vein 
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray558.png/200px-Gray558.png
xref: EMAPA:18638 ! jugular vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.498 ! jugular vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: ncithesaurus:Jugular_Vein ! Jugular Vein
xref: SCTID:244403000 ! Entire jugular vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray558.png
xref: UMLS:C0022427

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001104
name: anterior jugular vein
def: "The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. It descends between the median line and the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, at the lower part of the neck, passes beneath that muscle to open into the termination of the external jugular, or, in some instances, into the subclavian vein. It varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular; most frequently there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left; but sometimes only one. Its tributaries are some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_jugular_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior external jugular vein" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13318 ! Anterior jugular vein
xref: MA:0002155 ! anterior jugular vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Jugular_Vein ! Anterior Jugular Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gray558.png/200px-Gray558.png
is_a: UBERON:0004711 ! jugular vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
xref: SCTID:65478008 ! Entire anterior jugular vein
synonym: "vena jugularis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_jugular_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray558.png
xref: UMLS:C0226545

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001101
name: external jugular vein
def: "The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:External_jugular_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external jugular venous tree" EXACT []
synonym: "external jugular" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000468]
synonym: "vena jugularis externa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_jugular_vein]
xref: FMA:13110 ! External jugular vein
xref: galen:ExternalJugularVein
xref: MA:0002156 ! external jugular vein
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Jugular_Vein ! External Jugular Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvrm0c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! external jugular vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
xref: XAO:0000379 ! external jugular
xref: EHDAA2:0000468 ! external jugular
xref: EMAPA:17875 ! external jugular vein
xref: EHDAA:9887 ! external jugular
is_a: UBERON:0004711 ! jugular vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA"} ! subclavian vein
xref: AAO:0010508 ! external jugular
xref: SCTID:181373000 ! Entire external jugular vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png
property_value: external_definition "Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the head and tongue and the thyroid gland.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010508", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0226543

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001586
name: internal jugular vein
def: "The two internal jugular veins collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "internal jugular venous tree" EXACT []
synonym: "internal jugular" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000877]
xref: EHDAA:5407 ! internal jugular vein
xref: FMA:4724 ! Internal jugular vein
xref: galen:InternalJugularVein
xref: MA:0002157 ! internal jugular vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Jugular_Vein ! Internal Jugular Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqdb95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! internal jugular vein
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000878 ! internal jugular vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray562.png/200px-Gray562.png
xref: XAO:0000382 ! internal jugular
xref: EHDAA2:0000877 ! internal jugular
xref: EMAPA:17620 ! internal jugular vein
is_a: UBERON:0004711 ! jugular vein
xref: AAO:0010236 ! internal jugular vein
xref: SCTID:181372005 ! Entire internal jugular vein
synonym: "vena jugularis interna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray562.png
property_value: external_definition "Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010236", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0226550


[Term]
id: UBERON:0010084
name: future diaphragm
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm
xref: EHDAA2:0000599 ! future diaphragm
def: "A skeletal muscle tissue that develops_into a diaphragm." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001103
name: diaphragm
def: "The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]." [GO:0060539, Wikipedia:Thoracid_diaphragm]
comment: The existence of some membrane separating the pharynx from the stomach can be traced widely among the chordates. Thus amphioxus possesses an atrium by which water exits the pharynx, which has been argued (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes.[3] The urochordate epicardium separates digestive organs from the pharynx and heart, but the anus returns to the upper compartment to discharge wastes through an outgoing siphon (Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thoracic diaphragm" EXACT []
synonym: "diaphragm muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000341]
synonym: "midriff" RELATED [BTO:0000341]
synonym: "phren" RELATED [BTO:0000341]
xref: BTO:0000341
xref: FMA:13295 ! Diaphragm
xref: GAID:158 ! diaphragm
xref: VHOG:0000713 ! diaphragm
xref: MA:0001904 ! diaphragm
xref: MAT:0000502 ! diaphragm
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Diaphragm ! Diaphragm
xref: EFO:0000937 ! diaphragm
xref: EMAPA:17701 ! diaphragm
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.900.300 ! diaphragm
xref: EV:0100376 ! diaphragm
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002426 ! chest muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 {source="Wikipedia:Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution"} ! Aves
xref: SCTID:181614006 ! Entire diaphragm
xref: EHDAA2:0003495 ! diaphragm muscle
subset: organ_slim
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010084 {evidence="definitional"} ! future diaphragm
property_value: external_definition "A musculomembranous partition separating the abdominal and thoraic cavities and functioning in respiration. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000713", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diaphragm", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The mammals are characterized by a diaphragm, which separates the thoracic portion of the body cavity from the abdominal region and assists in drawing air into the lungs and forcing it out. Modern reptiles lack a muscular diaphragm and it is reasonable to suppose that the diaphragm developed as a new device that made possible a large degree of oxygen intake for active animals. The change may have taken place during the transition from reptile to mammal (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000713", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471384618 Colbert EH\, Evolution of the vertebrates: a history of the backboned animals through time (2001) p.278", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "phrenic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0011980

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011655 ! interclavicle
name: interclavicle
def: "Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is median and ventral in position." [VSAO:0000161]
comment: See discussion on pectoral girdles - change relationship to overlaps? Kardong: enlarged oval scale. // Present in therapids and monotremes, reduced in size in marsupials and placentals.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="VSAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="VSAO"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000161 ! interclavicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001105
name: clavicle
def: "A paired dermal or endochondral bone that is part of the pectoral girdle. The clavicle may be in contact with the interclavicle or coracoid and forms an attachment site for pectoral musculature. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [PHENOSCAPE:ad, Wikipedia:Clavicle]
comment: Taxon notes: The clavicle first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it is associated with the pectoral fin; they also have a bone called the cleithrum. In such fish, the paired clavicles run behind and below the gills on each side, and are joined by a solid symphysis on the fish's underside. They are, however, absent in cartilagenous fish and in the vast majority of living bony fish, including all of the teleosts[ISBN 0-03-910284-X] AO Notes: FMA and MA differ in whether they consider this part of the shoulder. Development notes: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "collar bone" EXACT []
synonym: "clavicula" EXACT  [VSAO:0005031]
synonym: "clavicle bone" EXACT  [VSAO:0005031]
xref: AAO:0000761 ! clavicle
xref: FMA:13321 ! Clavicle
xref: GAID:182 ! clavicle
xref: galen:Clavicle
xref: VHOG:0000849 ! clavicle
xref: MA:0001329 ! clavicle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjijZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Clavicle ! Clavicle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjijZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! clavicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdles-en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18721 ! clavicle
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.227 ! clavicle
is_a: UBERON:0002495 {source="FMA"} ! long bone
is_a: UBERON:0003461 {source="MA"} ! shoulder bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="FMA", source="VSAO"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010843 {source="ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4", notes="from secondary cartilage of fusion"} ! clavicle cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010905 {source="ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4", editor="mah"} ! clavicle bone primordium
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0000975 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! sternum
xref: SCTID:181910004 ! Entire clavicle
xref: VSAO:0005031 ! clavicle bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Slender, paired bones of intramembranous origin that invest the anterior margins of the procoracoids.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000761", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of zonal element (AAO:0000936)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000761", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: homology_notes "In early tetrapods, the connecting skull bone, the posttemporal, and adjoining shoulder bones, supracleithrum and postcleithrum (=anocleithrum), are absent, leaving a dermal shoulder girdle composed of the remaining ventral elements: the paired cleithrum and clavicle, and an unpaired midventral interclavicle that joins both halves of the girdle across the midline. (...) Several dermal elements of the shoulder persist in early synapsids. The clavicle and interclavicle are present in therapsids and monotremes, but in marsupials and placentals, the interclavicle is absent, the clavicle often is reduced in size, and the scapula becomes the predominant shoulder element.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000849", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.330-333 and Figure 9.18", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "clavicular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0008913

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010843
name: clavicle cartilaginous condensation
comment: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010844 ! clavicle pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18342 ! clavicle cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a clavicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010844
name: clavicle pre-cartilage condensation
comment: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
xref: EMAPA:18026 ! clavicle pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a clavicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010905 ! clavicle bone primordium
name: clavicle bone primordium
comment: lateral part derives from a fish dermal bone while the medial part comes from a spur off the manubrium endochondral bone[JB]
synonym: "calvicle primordium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intramembranous bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006210 {source="EHDAA2"} ! body-wall mesenchyme
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {editor="mah", source="PMC1352163", notes="shown in mouse"} ! neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0000254 ! clavicle bone primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008255 ! right clavicle
name: right clavicle
xref: FMA:13322 ! right clavicle
is_a: UBERON:0001105 {source="FMA"} ! clavicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
def: "A clavicle that is in the right side of a entire appendicular skeleton." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008256
name: left clavicle
xref: FMA:13323 ! left clavicle
is_a: UBERON:0001105 {source="FMA"} ! clavicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
def: "A clavicle that is in the left side of a entire appendicular skeleton." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007841
name: furcula
def: "Dermal bone that develops from the fusion of the paired clavicle condensations in Archosauria. Serves as both an attachment site for pectoral musculature as well as a mechanical strengthening/ spacing element in the pectoral girdle. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [PHENOSCAPE:ad, Wikipedia:Furcula]
comment: Comment: Found in both avian and non-avian theropods including, but not limited to: Coelophysoids, Allosauroids, Spinosauridae, Tyrannosauroids, Oviraptorosauria, Troodontidae and Dromaeosauridae. Editor notes: currently assigned to be part of the pectoral girdle, but this may be incorrect if PG is a paired structure.
synonym: "wishbone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Furcula]
synonym: "fused clavicle" RELATED []
synonym: "furcula bone" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8492 {source="http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/342notes5.htm"} ! Archosauria
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0008255 ! right clavicle
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0008256 ! left clavicle
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0011655 ! interclavicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001106
name: cephalic vein
def: "In human anatomy, the cephalic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb. It is also called the antecubital vein. It communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cephalic_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cephalic vein of forearm" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13324 ! Cephalic vein
xref: galen:CephalicVein
xref: MA:0002092 ! cephalic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Cephalic_Vein ! Cephalic Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwTpbQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cephalic vein
xref: EMAPA:25075 ! cephalic vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0000985 {source="FMA/obol"} ! axillary vein
synonym: "vena cephalica antebrachii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:13324]
xref: SCTID:181391005 ! Entire cephalic vein
synonym: "vena cephalica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cephalic_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray574.png
xref: UMLS:C0226802

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008523
name: infrahyoid muscle
def: "The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior part of the neck. (The term infrahyoid refers to the region below to the hyoid bone in the neck. ) Collectively, they are referred to as the strap muscles, because the muscles are long and flat much like a strap." [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "infrahyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "infrahyoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "infrahyoidala" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "strap muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "strap muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle
xref: FMA:13338 ! infrahyoid muscle
xref: SCTID:244829008 ! Entire infrahyoid muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005430 {source="dbpedia"} ! ansa cervicalis
synonym: "musculi infrahyoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Infrahyoid_muscles.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001107
name: sternohyoid muscle
def: "The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. The muscle arises from the posterior border of the medial end of the clavicle, the posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and the upper and posterior part of the manubrium sterni. Passing upward and medially, it is inserted by short tendinous fibers into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
comment: AO notes: Note that as defined here, this structure attaches to the sternum, which is a tetrapod structure. TAO has class 'sternohyoid' as part of mandibular muscle, but no sternum, so excluded here. The TAO/ZFA class has no definition, but the dictionary of icthyology states: "a large muscle originating on the ventral spine of the postcleithrum and inserting on the sides of the urohyal. It functions in rapid opening of the jaw and expanding the buccal cavity" - a generic way of grouping these is via a hyoid - girdle connection
synonym: "sternohyoidei" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternohyoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternohyoideus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:13341 ! Sternohyoid
xref: MA:0002383 ! sternohyoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternohyoid ! Sternohyoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sternohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Sternohyoid_muscle.PNG
xref: EMAPA:19271 ! sternohyoid
xref: SCTID:244830003 ! Entire sternohyoid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008523 {source="FMA"} ! infrahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005430 {source="dbpedia"} ! ansa cervicalis
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001780 {source="dbpedia", notes="inferred"} ! spinal nerve
synonym: "musculus sternohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002205 {source="dbpedia", notes="manubrium of sternum"} ! manubrium of sternum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Sternohyoid_muscle.PNG
property_value: external_definition "The sternohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the hyoid appratus and the sternum.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224162

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001108
name: omohyoid muscle
def: "The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle]
comment: interior and superior belly
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "omohyoid" EXACT []
synonym: "omohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "omohyoideus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:13342 ! Omohyoid
xref: MA:0002348 ! omohyoid
xref: SCTID:244833001 ! Entire omohyoid muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Omohyoid ! Omohyoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gray1210.png/200px-Gray1210.png
is_a: UBERON:0008523 {source="FMA"} ! infrahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005430 {source="dbpedia"} ! ansa cervicalis
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001780 {source="dbpedia", notes="inferred"} ! spinal nerve
synonym: "musculus omohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Gray1210.png
property_value: external_definition "The omohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the hyoid appratus and the scapula.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224163

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001109
name: sternothyroid muscle
def: "The Sternothyreoideus (or Sternothyroid muscle) is shorter and wider than the Sternohyoideus, beneath which it is situated. It arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, below the origin of the Sternohyoideus, and from the edge of the cartilage of the first rib, and sometimes that of the second rib, it is inserted into the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This muscle is in close contact with its fellow at the lower part of the neck, but diverges somewhat as it ascends; it is occasionally traversed by a transverse or oblique tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sternothyroid" EXACT []
synonym: "sterno-thyroideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle]
synonym: "sternothyreoidei" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle]
synonym: "sternothyreoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle]
synonym: "sternothyroideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle]
xref: FMA:13343 ! Sternothyroid
xref: MA:0002386 ! sternothyroid
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternothyroid ! Sternothyroid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sternothyroideus.png/200px-Sternothyroideus.png
xref: EMAPA:19272 ! sternothyroid
xref: SCTID:244831004 ! Entire sternothyroid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008523 {source="FMA"} ! infrahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005430 {source="dbpedia"} ! ansa cervicalis
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001780 {source="dbpedia", notes="inferred"} ! spinal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002205 {source="dbpedia"} ! manubrium of sternum
synonym: "musculus sternothyroideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Sternothyroideus.png
property_value: external_definition "The sternothyroid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the thyroid cartilage and the sternum.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224166

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001110
name: thyrohyoid muscle
def: "The thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group. It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and is inserted into the lower border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thyreohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreohyoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyrohyoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyrohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:13344 ! Thyrohyoid
xref: MA:0002393 ! thyrohyoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyrohyoid ! Thyrohyoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Thyrohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Thyrohyoid_muscle.PNG
xref: EMAPA:19273 ! thyrohyoid of pretracheal
xref: EMAPA:25143 ! thyrohyoid of pre-tracheal muscle
xref: SCTID:244832006 ! Entire thyrohyoid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008523 {source="FMA"} ! infrahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone
synonym: "musculus thyrohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000962 {source="dbpedia", notes="first cervical nerve via hypoglossal nerve"} ! cervical nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="dbpedia", notes="first cervical nerve via hypoglossal nerve"} ! hypoglossal nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Thyrohyoid_muscle.PNG
property_value: external_definition "The thyrohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by C1 and Cranial Nerve XII ; it attaches to the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid apparatus.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224167

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010921
name: thyrohyoid ligament
is_a: UBERON:0008845 {source="FMA"} ! nonskeletal ligament
xref: FMA:55135 ! thyrohyoid ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyrohyoid_Ligament ! thyrohyoid ligament
xref: SCTID:279551000 ! Entire thyrohyoid ligament
xref: UMLS:C0225534

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010925
name: median thyrohyoid ligament
def: "The middle thicker part of the thyrohyoid membrane is termed the median thyrohyoid ligament (middle hyothyroid ligament, middle thyrohyoid ligament), its lateral thinner portions are pierced by the superior laryngeal vessels and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Its anterior surface is in relation with the Thyreohyoideus, Sternohyoideus, and Omohyoideus, and with the body of the hyoid bone" [Wikipedia:Median_thyrohyoid_ligament]
synonym: "middle thyrohyoid ligament" EXACT  [FMA:55138]
synonym: "ligamentum thyrohyoideum medianum" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0010921 {source="FMA"} ! thyrohyoid ligament
xref: FMA:55138 ! median thyrohyoid ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Thyrohyoid_Ligament ! middle thyrohyoid ligament
xref: SCTID:279554008 ! Entire middle thyrohyoid ligament
xref: UMLS:C0225535

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010926
name: lateral thyrohyoid ligament
def: "The lateral thyrohyoid ligament (lateral hyothyroid ligament) is a round elastic cord, which forms the posterior border of the hyothyroid membrane and passes between the tip of the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the extremity of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. The recurrent laryngeal nerve typical lies lateral to this ligament" [Wikipedia:Lateral_thyrohyoid_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum thyrohyoideum laterale" EXACT  []
synonym: "ligamentum hyothyreoideum laterale" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0010921 {source="FMA"} ! thyrohyoid ligament
xref: FMA:55139 ! lateral thyrohyoid ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Thyrohyoid_Ligament ! lateral thyrohyoid ligament
xref: SCTID:279555009 ! Lateral thyrohyoid ligament
xref: UMLS:C0458565

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010927
name: thyroepiglotticus muscle
def: "fibers of the thyroarytenoid muscle that continue to the margin of the epiglottis; it closes the inlet to the larynx." [Wikipedia:Thyroepiglottic_muscle, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thyroepiglottic+muscle]
comment: AO notes: not a distinct muscle in FMA
synonym: "thyroepiglottus" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroepiglottus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "pars thyroepiglottica (musculus thyroarytenoideus)" EXACT  [FMA:46594]
synonym: "pars thyroepiglottica musculus thyroarytenoidei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "thyro-epiglottic part of thyro-arytenoid" EXACT  [FMA:46594]
synonym: "thyroepiglottic muscle" EXACT  [FMA:46594]
synonym: "thyroepiglottic" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroepiglotticus" EXACT [FMA:46594]
is_a: UBERON:0001568 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! muscle of larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008576 {source="FMA"} ! thyro-arytenoid
xref: FMA:46594 ! thyroepiglotticus
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroepiglottic_Muscle ! thyroepiglottic muscle
xref: SCTID:244819001 ! Entire thyroepiglottic muscle
synonym: "pars thyroepiglottica musculi thyroarytenoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroepiglottic_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Musculusthyreoarytenoideus.png
property_value: external_definition "Thexton, see notes from WG2.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224182

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001111
name: intercostal muscle
def: "Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. There are three principal layers; the external intercostal muscles, which aid in quiet and forced inhalation. They originate on ribs 1-11 and have their insertion on ribs 2-12. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Located around the ribs the internal intercostal muscles, which aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2-12 and have their insertions on ribs 1-11. The internal intercostals are responsible for the depression of the ribs decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. the innermost intercostal muscle, the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by the neurovascular bundle. Both the external and internal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, and are provided by the intercostal arteries and intercostal veins. Their fibers run in opposite directions. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intercostal_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intercostales" RELATED []
xref: FMA:13354 ! Intercostal muscle
xref: GAID:159 ! intercostal muscle
xref: VHOG:0000903 ! intercostal muscle
xref: MA:0002324 ! intercostales
xref: ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Muscle ! Intercostal Muscle
xref: EFO:0001368 ! intercostal muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQo8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! intercostal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000841 ! intercostal muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.900.500 ! intercostal muscle
xref: EHDAA:5988 ! intercostal
xref: BTO:0005281 ! intercostal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002426 {source="FMA"} ! chest muscle
relationship: located_in UBERON:0012198 {source="cjm"} ! intercostal space
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010970 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intercostal pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:181746004 ! Entire intercostal muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003727 {source="dbpedia"} ! intercostal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="ribs 2-12"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="ribs 1-11"} ! rib
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png
property_value: homology_notes "Inspiration by active expansion of the thorax evolved later, in the ancestor of reptiles, birds, and mammals. This was powered originally by the intercostal muscles (as in lizards or crocodilians) and later (in mammals only) by a muscular diaphragm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000903", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0262112789 Kent RD\, The MIT Encyclopedia of Communication Disorders (20039 p.56", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0021724

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010970
name: intercostal pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle
relationship: located_in UBERON:0012198 {source="cjm"} ! intercostal space
xref: EHDAA2:0000843 ! intercostal pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001112
name: latissimus dorsi muscle
def: "The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "latissimus dorsi" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus latissimus dorsi" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:8307 ! latissimus dorsi
xref: FMA:13357 ! Latissimus dorsi
xref: VHOG:0000930 ! latissimus dorsi
xref: MA:0002331 ! latissimus dorsi
xref: EHDAA2:0000932 ! latissimus dorsi
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Latissimus_dorsi.png/200px-Latissimus_dorsi.png
xref: EMAPA:18178 ! latissimus dorsi
xref: EFO:0003067 ! latissimus dorsi
xref: ncithesaurus:Musculus_Latissimus_Dorsi ! musculus latissimus dorsi
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010982 {source="EHDAA2"} ! latissimus dorsi pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001476 {source="dbpedia"} ! deltoid
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002380 {source="dbpedia"} ! trapezius
synonym: "musculus latissimus dorsi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007175 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous processes of thoracic T7-T12 thoracolumbar fascia iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs inferior angle of scapula"} ! inferior angle of scapula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Latissimus_dorsi.png
xref: SCTID:181747008 ! Entire latissimus dorsi muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224362

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010982
name: latissimus dorsi pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000933 ! latissimus dorsi pre-muscle mass


[Term]
id: UBERON:0001113
name: lobe of liver
def: "Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe." [Wikipedia:Liver#Lobes]
comment: editor note: some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts
synonym: "hepatic lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "liver lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "lobus hepatis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13361 ! Lobe of liver
xref: MA:0000360 ! liver lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Liver_Lobe ! Liver Lobe
xref: EMAPA:18306 ! lobe of liver
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver
xref: SCTID:245378000 ! Lobe of liver
xref: UMLS:C0447541

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001114 ! right lobe of liver
name: right lobe of liver
def: "The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lobus hepaticus dexter" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "liver right lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "right liver lobe" EXACT [ZFA:0005173]
synonym: "gall bladder lobe" RELATED SENSU [ZFA:0005173]
xref: FMA:13362 ! Right lobe of liver
xref: VHOG:0001424 ! liver right lobe
xref: MA:0000363 ! liver right lobe
xref: ZFA:0005173 ! right liver lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001008 ! liver right lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/200px-Gray1087-liver.png
xref: EMAPA:18311 ! right of lobe of liver
xref: EHDAA:4001 ! right lobe of liver
is_a: UBERON:0001113 ! lobe of liver
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Lobe_of_the_Liver ! Right Lobe of the Liver
xref: SCTID:362182008 ! Entire right lobe of liver
xref: TAO:0005173 ! right liver lobe
synonym: "lobus hepatis dexter" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Right_lobe_of_liver]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png
property_value: external_definition "Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005173", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "2nd lobe" RELATED [TAO:0005173]
synonym: "second lobe" RELATED [TAO:0005173]
xref: UMLS:C0227481

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001115 ! left lobe of liver
name: left lobe of liver
def: "The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lobus hepaticus sinister" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "left liver lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "liver left lobe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13363 ! Left lobe of liver
xref: VHOG:0001423 ! liver left lobe
xref: MA:0000361 ! liver left lobe
xref: ZFA:0005172 ! left liver lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001000 ! liver left lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/200px-Gray1087-liver.png
xref: EMAPA:18307 ! left of lobe of liver
xref: EHDAA:3995 ! left lobe of liver
is_a: UBERON:0001113 ! lobe of liver
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Lobe_of_the_Liver ! Left Lobe of the Liver
xref: SCTID:362183003 ! Entire left lobe of liver
xref: TAO:0005172 ! left liver lobe
synonym: "lobus hepatis sinister" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Left_lobe_of_liver]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png
property_value: external_definition "Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005172", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0227486

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001116
name: quadrate lobe of liver
def: "The quadrate lobe is an area of the liver situated on the under surface of the right lobe, bounded in front by the anterior margin of the liver; behind by the porta hepatis; on the right, by the fossa for the gall-bladder; and on the left, by the fossa for the umbilical vein. It is oblong in shape, its antero-posterior diameter being greater than its transverse. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Quadrate_lobe_of_liver]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "liver quadrate lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "lobus quadratus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13364 ! Quadrate lobe of liver
xref: VHOG:0000509 ! liver quadrate lobe
xref: MA:0000365 ! liver quadrate lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Lobus_Quadratus ! Lobus Quadratus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/200px-Gray1087-liver.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001012 ! liver right quadrate lobe
xref: EMAPA:18318 ! quadrate lobe
xref: EHDAA:8082 ! quadrate lobe
is_a: UBERON:0001114 ! right lobe of liver
xref: SCTID:279929003 ! Entire quadrate lobe of liver
synonym: "lobus quadratus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Quadrate_lobe_of_liver]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png
property_value: external_definition "The portion of the right lobe of the liver between the gall bladder, the porta hepatis, the round ligament and the lower margin of the organ. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000509", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001117
name: caudate lobe of liver
def: "The caudate lobe (posterior hepatic segment I, Spigelian lobe) is situated upon the postero-superior surface of the liver on the right lobe of the liver, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae. It is bounded on the left side by the physiological division of the liver called the ligamentum venosum. It is bounded, below, by the porta; on the right, by the fossa for the inferior vena cava; and, on the left, by the fossa for the ductus venosus. It looks backward, being nearly vertical in position; it is longer from above downward than from side to side, and is somewhat concave in the transverse direction. The caudate process is a small elevation of the hepatic substance extending obliquely and laterally, from the lower extremity of the caudate lobe to the under surface of the right lobe. It is situated behind the porta, and separates the fossa for the gall-bladder from the commencement of the fossa for the inferior vena cava. Budd-Chiari syndrome, caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow, can lead to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe due to its own caval anastomosis that allows for continued function of this lobe of the liver. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Caudate_lobe_of_liver]
comment: Editor/taxon notes: Check left vs right in mouse and human
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hepatovenous segment i" EXACT []
synonym: "liver caudate lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "liver caudate process" RELATED []
synonym: "lobus caudatus" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior hepatic segment i" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior liver" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior part of liver" EXACT []
synonym: "segment i of liver" EXACT []
synonym: "spiegelian lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "spigel lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "lobus caudatus" EXACT []
synonym: "couinaud hepatic segment i" EXACT [FMA:13365]
synonym: "pars posterior hepatis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:13365]
synonym: "segmentum hepatis i" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:13365]
xref: FMA:13365 ! Caudate lobe of liver
xref: VHOG:0000508 ! liver caudate lobe
xref: MA:0000364 ! liver caudate lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Lobus_Caudatus ! Caudate Lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png/200px-Gray1087-liver.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001005 ! liver right caudate lobe
xref: EMAPA:18313 ! caudate lobe
xref: EHDAA:6990 ! caudate lobe
xref: SCTID:362184009 ! Entire caudate lobe of liver
is_a: UBERON:0001114 {source="MA"} ! right lobe of liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001115 {source="FMA"} ! left lobe of liver
synonym: "segment hepatis posterius I, lobus caudatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Caudate_lobe_of_liver]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png
property_value: external_definition "The portion of the right lobe of the liver between the fissure of the ligamentum venosum and the bare area of the liver. It ends into the superior recess of the lesser peritoneal sac. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000508", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The caudate lobe is the only real and constant hepatic lobe of mammals (...) .[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000508", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:1610084 Van Minh T\, Galizia G\, Lieto E\, Anatomy of the caudate lobe of the liver. New aspects and surgical applications. (Article in French) Annales de chirurgie (1992)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0227489

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007324
name: pancreatic lobe
comment: todo - check
synonym: "lobulus pancreaticus" EXACT  [FMA:16012]
synonym: "pancreatic lobule" EXACT [FMA:16012]
xref: FMA:16012 ! pancreatic lobule
xref: MA:0000721 ! pancreas lobe
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000017 ! exocrine pancreas
synonym: "pancreas lobe" EXACT [MA:0000721]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001118
name: lobe of thyroid gland
def: "The lobes of the thyroid gland are conical in shape, the apex of each being directed upward and lateralward as far as the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thyroid cartilage; the base looks downward, and is on a level with the fifth or sixth tracheal ring. Each lobe is about 5 cm. long; its greatest width is about 3 cm. , and its thickness about 2 cm. The lateral or superficial surface is convex, and covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasciæ, the Sternocleidomastoideus, the superior belly of the Omohyoideus, the Sternohyoideus and Sternothyreoideus, and beneath the last muscle by the pretracheal layer of the deep fascia, which forms a capsule for the gland. The deep or medial surface is moulded over the underlying structures, viz. , the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the trachea, the Constrictor pharyngis inferior and posterior part of the Cricothyreoideus, the esophagus (particularly on the left side of the neck), the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves. The anterior border is thin, and inclines obliquely from above downward toward the middle line of the neck, while the posterior border is thick and overlaps the common carotid artery, and, as a rule, the parathyroids. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lobes_of_thyroid_gland]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lobus (glandula thyroidea)" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroid gland lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroid lobe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13367 ! Lobe of thyroid gland
xref: MA:0000131 ! thyroid gland lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Lobe ! Thyroid Gland Lobe
xref: VHOG:0000732 ! thyroid lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/200px-Gray1174.png
xref: EHDAA2:0002032 ! thyroid lobe
xref: EMAPA:18196 ! lobe of thyroid of gland of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18830 ! lobe of thyroid of gland of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
xref: SCTID:245537001 ! Entire lobe of thyroid gland
synonym: "lobuli glandulae thyroideae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lobes_of_thyroid_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png
property_value: homology_notes "Thus, a thyroid capable of forming iodotyrosines and iodothyronines is present in all vertebrates. (...) Certain morphologic changes occur after the biochemical evolution of the thyroid has ceased. In the adult lamprey and in most bony fishes, the gland is not encapsulated. (...) In cartilaginous fish, the thyroid is encapsulated. In the higher vertebrate forms, the thyroid is a one- or two-lobed encapsulated structure.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000732", ontology="VHOG", source="http://www.thyroidmanager.org/Chapter1/chapter01.htm", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002046 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! thyroid gland
xref: UMLS:C0447647

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001119
name: right lobe of thyroid gland
synonym: "lobus dexter (glandula thyroidea)" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroid gland right lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "right thyroid lobe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13368 ! Right lobe of thyroid gland
xref: MA:0000729 ! thyroid gland right lobe
xref: VHOG:0000733 ! right thyroid lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001759 ! right thyroid lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0001118 ! lobe of thyroid gland
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Thyroid_Gland_Lobe ! Right Thyroid Gland Lobe
xref: SCTID:170482008 ! Entire right lobe of thyroid gland
xref: EMAPA:18198 ! right
property_value: homology_notes "Thus, a thyroid capable of forming iodotyrosines and iodothyronines is present in all vertebrates. (...) Certain morphologic changes occur after the biochemical evolution of the thyroid has ceased. In the adult lamprey and in most bony fishes, the gland is not encapsulated. (...) In cartilaginous fish, the thyroid is encapsulated. In the higher vertebrate forms, the thyroid is a one- or two-lobed encapsulated structure.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000733", ontology="VHOG", source="http://www.thyroidmanager.org/Chapter1/chapter01.htm", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A lobe of thyroid gland that is in the right side of a thyroid gland." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0229581

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001120
name: left lobe of thyroid gland
synonym: "lobus sinister (glandula thyroidea)" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroid gland left lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "left thyroid lobe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13369 ! Left lobe of thyroid gland
xref: MA:0000728 ! thyroid gland left lobe
xref: VHOG:0000734 ! left thyroid lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0000965 ! left thyroid lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0001118 ! lobe of thyroid gland
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Thyroid_Gland_Lobe ! Left Thyroid Gland Lobe
xref: SCTID:170784008 ! Entire left lobe of thyroid gland
xref: EMAPA:18197 ! left
property_value: homology_notes "Thus, a thyroid capable of forming iodotyrosines and iodothyronines is present in all vertebrates. (...) Certain morphologic changes occur after the biochemical evolution of the thyroid has ceased. In the adult lamprey and in most bony fishes, the gland is not encapsulated. (...) In cartilaginous fish, the thyroid is encapsulated. In the higher vertebrate forms, the thyroid is a one- or two-lobed encapsulated structure.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000734", ontology="VHOG", source="http://www.thyroidmanager.org/Chapter1/chapter01.htm", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A lobe of thyroid gland that is in the left side of a thyroid gland." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0229582

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001121
name: longus colli muscle
def: "The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. The Longus colli is situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra. It is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. The superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ and, ascending obliquely with a medial inclination, is inserted by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas. The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ; and, ascending obliquely in a lateral direction, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ. The vertical portion arises, below, from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted into the front of the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebræ. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle]
synonym: "longi colli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle]
synonym: "longus colli muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle]
synonym: "longus colli" EXACT [MA:0002341]
synonym: "musculus longus colli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:13370 ! Longus colli
xref: MA:0002341 ! longus colli
xref: ncithesaurus:Longus_Colli ! Longus Colli
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Longus_colli.png/200px-Longus_colli.png
xref: SCTID:244836009 ! Entire longus colli
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Longus_colli.png
subset: organ_slim
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: located_in UBERON:0008818 {source="FMA-modified"} ! superior mediastinum
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="Transverse processes of C-5 to T-3"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003996 {source="dbpedia"} ! arcus anterior
xref: UMLS:C0224169

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001122
name: scalenus medius
def: "The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ. It descendes along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it. Because it elevates the upper ribs, the middle scalene muscle is also one of the accessory muscles of respiration. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scalenus_medius]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medial scalene muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "scalenus medius muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "middle scalene" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13386 ! Scalenus medius
xref: MA:0002370 ! scalenus medius
xref: ncithesaurus:Scalenus_Medius ! Scalenus Medius
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Scalenus_medius.png/200px-Scalenus_medius.png
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
synonym: "musculus scalenus medius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:13386]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004601 {source="dbpedia"} ! rib 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia"} ! cervical vertebra
synonym: "musculus scalenus medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Scalenus_medius]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000962 {source="dbpedia", notes="Ventral rami of the third to eighth cervical spinal nerves"} ! cervical nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Scalenus_medius.png
xref: SCTID:244844009 ! Entire scalenus medius muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224174

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001123
name: scalenus posterior
def: "The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second rib, behind the attachment of the Serratus anterior. It is occasionally blended with the Scalenus medius. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scalenus_posterior]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "posterior scalene" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior scalene muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "scalenus dorsalis" EXACT []
synonym: "scalenus dorsalis muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13387 ! Scalenus posterior
xref: MA:0002369 ! scalenus dorsalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Scalenus_Dorsalis ! Scalenus Dorsalis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Scalenus_posterior.png/200px-Scalenus_posterior.png
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
synonym: "musculus scalenus posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:13387]
synonym: "musculus scalenus posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Scalenus_posterior]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="transverse processes of C4 - C6"} ! transverse process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Scalenus_posterior.png
xref: UMLS:C1710019

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001125
name: serratus anterior
def: "The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Boxer's muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "serratus anterior muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "serratus ventralis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13397 ! Serratus anterior
xref: VHOG:0000679 ! serratus anterior
xref: MA:0002378 ! serratus ventralis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWn_D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Serratus_Ventralis ! Serratus Ventralis
xref: EHDAA:9463 ! serratus anterior
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWn_D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! serratus anterior muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0001832 ! serratus anterior
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Serratus_anterior.png/200px-Serratus_anterior.png
xref: EMAPA:18525 ! serratus anterior
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010986 {source="EHDAA2"} ! serratus anterior pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:181748003 ! Entire serratus anterior muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002380 {source="dbpedia"} ! trapezius
synonym: "musculus serratus anterior, serratus lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006849 {source="dbpedia", notes="costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula"} ! scapula
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003726 {source="dbpedia", notes="long thoracic nerve"} ! thoracic nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs"} ! rib
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Serratus_anterior.png
xref: UMLS:C1710059

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010986
name: serratus anterior pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0001833 ! serratus anterior pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011217
name: serratus posterior
synonym: "serratus posterior muscle" EXACT  [FMA:13400]
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003727 {source="dbpedia-abduced"} ! intercostal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia-abduced"} ! rib
xref: FMA:13400 ! serratus posterior
xref: SCTID:244934006 ! Entire serratus posterior muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001126
name: serratus posterior superior muscle
def: "The Serratus posterior superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax. It arises by a thin and broad aponeurosis from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper two or three thoracic vertebræ and from the supraspinal ligament. Inclining downward and lateralward it becomes muscular, and is inserted, by four fleshy digitations, into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Serratus_posterior_superior_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior serratus posterior" EXACT []
synonym: "serratus dorsalis cranialis" EXACT [MA:0002377]
synonym: "serratus dorsalis cranialis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "serratus posterior superior" EXACT [FMA:13401]
xref: FMA:13401 ! serratus posterior superior
xref: MA:0002377 ! serratus dorsalis cranialis
xref: ncithesaurus:Serratus_Dorsalis_Cranialis ! Serratus Dorsalis Cranialis
is_a: UBERON:0011217 {source="FMA"} ! serratus posterior
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="rib 2 thru 5 in human"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000351 ! nuchal ligament
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="C7 thru T3 in human"} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003727 {source="dbpedia", notes="2 thru 5 in human"} ! intercostal nerve
xref: SCTID:244935007 ! Serratus posterior superior
xref: UMLS:C1710058

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001127
name: serratus posterior inferior muscle
def: "The Serratus posterior inferior muscle (or posterior serratus) is a muscle of the human body. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Serratus_posterior_inferior_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior serratus posterior" EXACT []
synonym: "serratus dorsalis caudalis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13402 ! Serratus posterior inferior
xref: MA:0002376 ! serratus dorsalis caudalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Serratus_Dorsalis_Caudalis ! Serratus Dorsalis Caudalis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Serratus_posterior.PNG/200px-Serratus_posterior.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0011217 {source="FMA"} ! serratus posterior
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002412 {source="dbpedia", notes="T11 through L2 in human"} ! vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="inferior border of 9th thru 12th in humans"} ! rib
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003727 {source="dbpedia", notes="T9 through T12 in human"} ! intercostal nerve
xref: SCTID:244936008 ! Serratus posterior inferior
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Serratus_posterior.PNG/250px-Serratus_posterior.PNG
synonym: "serratus posterior inferior" EXACT [FMA:13402]
synonym: "serratus posterior inferior" RELATED [MA:0002376]
xref: UMLS:C1711277

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010946
name: occipitofrontalis muscle
def: "The occipitofrontalis or epicranius is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: The occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. Some sources consider the occipitofrontalis to be a structure consisting of two distinct muscles, the Frontalis and the occipitalis. However, Terminologia Anatomica currently classifies it as a single muscle." [Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle]
comment: zone of muscle in FMA
synonym: "epicranius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle]
synonym: "occipitofrontalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
xref: FMA:9624 ! occipitofrontalis
xref: SCTID:361811007 ! Entire occipitofrontalis muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Occipito-frontalis_Muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006661 {source="dbpedia"} ! epicranial aponeurosis
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia"} ! facial nerve
synonym: "musculus occipitofrontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray378.png
xref: UMLS:C1518531

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010947
name: occipitalis
synonym: "occipital belly of occipitofrontalis" EXACT  [FMA:46758]
synonym: "occipital part of occipitofrontalis" EXACT  [FMA:46758]
synonym: "venter occipitalis (musculus occipitofrontalis)" EXACT  [FMA:46758]
synonym: "venter transversa musculus occipitofrontalis occipitalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0010938 ! muscle belly
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010946 {source="FMA"} ! occipitofrontalis muscle
xref: FMA:46758 ! occipitalis
xref: SCTID:21405000 ! Structure of occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010948
name: cleidooccipital muscle
comment: Some studies have indicated a supernumerary cleido-occipital muscle more or less separate from the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle; The frequency of cleido-occipital muscle occurrence has been reported up to 33%
synonym: "cleido-occipitalis" EXACT []
synonym: "cleido-occipitalis muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
xref: MA:0002276 ! cleidooccipital
synonym: "cleidooccipital" EXACT [MA:0002276]
def: "A muscle organ that attaches_to a clavicle and attaches_to a occipital bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010949
name: sternooccipital muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
intersection_of: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
synonym: "sternooccipital" EXACT [MA:0002385]
xref: MA:0002385 ! sternooccipital
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternooccipital ! sternooccipital
def: "A muscle organ that has_muscle_insertion a occipital bone and has_muscle_origin a sternum." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1710196

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001128
name: sternocleidomastoid
def: "a paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
comment: Editor notes: TODO: sternocleidomastoid = sternomastoid + Cleidomastoideus. Origin: from manubrium sterni (sterno) and clavicle (cleido) and it's insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sterno-cleido-mastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sterno-mastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoid muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoidei" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoids" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternomastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternomastoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "supraclavicularis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoid muscle" EXACT [BTO:0005125]
synonym: "sternomastoid" EXACT []
synonym: "sternomastoid muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "sterno-mastoid" EXACT []
synonym: "SCM" BROAD ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:13407 ! Sternocleidomastoid
xref: MA:0002384 ! sternomastoid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bMg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternocleidomastoid_Muscle ! Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bMg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sternocleidomastoid muscle
xref: VHOG:0000853 ! sterno-mastoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray512.png/200px-Gray512.png
xref: EMAPA:25137 ! sterno-mastoid
xref: BTO:0005125 ! sternocleidomastoid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010987 ! sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:181741009 ! Entire sternocleidomastoid muscle
synonym: "musculus sternocleidomastoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003725 {source="dbpedia", notes="sensory: cervical plexus"} ! cervical plexus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002205 {source="dbpedia", notes="manubrium sterni medial portion of the clavicle"} ! manubrium of sternum
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001105 {source="dbpedia", notes="manubrium sterni medial portion of the clavicle"} ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011220 {source="Wikipedia:Mastoid_process"} ! mastoid process of temporal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Gray512.svg
property_value: homology_notes "The sternomastoid and the three parts of the trapezius are branchiomeric muscles that have secondarily acquired an attachment to the pectoral girdle. They evolved from the fish cucullaris.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000853", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.345", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0224153

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011371
name: sternocephalicus muscle
def: "The sternocephalicus is a flat muscle and its caudal border is adjacent to the ventral border of the brachiocephalicus. The lateral aspect of this muscle is crossed obliquely by the external jugular vein. It originates as a unit on the first sternebrae. The cranial portion of the muscle divides into two separate sections with different insertion points. These are the sternomastoideus and the sterno-occipitalis. The ventral portion, the sternomastiodeus is the stronger and main continuation of the sternocephalicus, which inserts on the mastoid part of the temporal bone. The thin but wide dorsal segment, the sterno-occipitalis attaches to the dorsal nuchal crest by a thin aponeurosis. The main action provided by the sternocephalicus is movement of the head and neck to the side. Ventral branches of the cervical nerves are attached to this muscle." [MURDOCH:1749]
synonym: "sternocephalicus" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002208 ! sternebra
intersection_of: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011220 ! mastoid process of temporal bone
intersection_of: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 {notes="nuchal crest"} ! occipital bone
xref: SCTID:21636001 ! Sternocephalicus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011364 ! cleidocephalicus muscle
name: cleidocephalicus muscle
def: "The cleidomastoideus is a thick, strap-like muscle that together with the cleidocervicalis forms the proximal part of the brachiocephalicus. It lies beneath the cleidocervicalis. Its origin is the clavicular tendon with its insertion being at the mastoid process of the temporal bone. It is distinctly narrow and is united with the cleidocervicalis and cleidobrachialis by the clavicular tendon. Together with the other two components of the brachiocephalicus muscle, its primary function is to advance the free limb, however, it can also act as an shoulder extensor. Acting bilaterally, it fixes and depresses the neck, while by its unilateral action, it allows the head and neck to be drawn to the side. Its blood supply is the inferior cervical, carotid and vertebral arteries and its nerve supply is the spinal accessory, cervical and axillary nerves." [MURDOCH:379]
comment: alt def: "Combination of cleidomastoid and cleidocervical muscles"
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0011220 ! mastoid process of temporal bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011220 ! mastoid process of temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011368 ! brachiocephalic muscle
synonym: "pars mastoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "cleidomastoid" RELATED []
synonym: "cleidomastoid muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "cleidomastoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "cleidocephalic" EXACT [MA:0002275]
synonym: "cleidocephalicus" EXACT []
synonym: "cleidocephalic muscle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002275 ! cleidocephalic
xref: ncithesaurus:Cleidocephalic ! cleidocephalic
xref: UMLS:C1707412

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011366
name: cleidobrachialis muscle
def: "This muscle makes up the distal segment of the brachiocephalicus.  It originates at the clavicular tendon but functionally, from the head and neck through the cleidocervicalis.  It inserts at the distal end of the cranial border of the humerus, where it lies between the biceps brachii medially and the brachialis laterally.  The muscle partly covers the pectoral muscles at their insertions.  In conjunction with the cleidocervicalis, it advances the limb, extends the shoulder and causes lateral movement of the head and neck." [MURDOCH:376]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011364 ! cleidocephalicus muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
synonym: "cleidobrachialis" EXACT []
synonym: "cleidobrachial muscle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002274 ! cleidobrachial
xref: ncithesaurus:Cleidobrachial ! cleidobrachial
synonym: "cleidobrachial" EXACT [MA:0002274]
xref: UMLS:C1707411

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011368 ! brachiocephalic muscle
name: brachiocephalic muscle
def: "The brachiocephalicus is a long and flat, complex of muscles that extends from the lower half of the humeral shaft to the head and neck. The muscle divides into two parts at the clavicular intersection. This is also the point of origin for all the muscles that make up the brachiocephalicus. This point is situated just cranial to the shoulder. The two main sections are the cleidobrachialis which is distal to the clavicular intersection and the cleidocephalicus which extends proximally to the clavivular intersection. The cleidocephalicus can also be divided into the pars cervicalis, which inserts on the broad aponeurosis, over the fibrous raphe of the cranial half of the neck. The other part, the pars mastoideus inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone via a strong tendon. The cleidobrachialis extends distally from the clavicular intersection and inserts on the cranial edge of the distal half of the humerus. The tendon that inserts the cleidobrachialis lies between the brachialis muscle and the biceps brachii. As a result of the brachiocephalicus spanning a large region it has the ability to provide a number of actions. These include extending the shoulder joint, protracts the limb, provides lateral movement of the head and allows the neck to be depressed." [http://ccg.murdoch.edu.au/museum/]
comment: The brachiocephalicus is more complex than other muscles of the forelimb. It consists of 2 elements that unite at the clavicle in dogs. In dogs the caudal part, known as the cleidobrachialis, runs from the clavicle to the humerus and is closely associated with the deltoid. The cranial portion runs from the clavicle to various attachments via a broad aponeurosis on the upper part of the head and neck. It is called the cleidomastoideus in the dog because it inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone. It may have a different name, like cleido-occipitalis, in other mammals. The name brachiocephalicus signifies that this complex of muscles runs from the upper arm to the head and does not specify the details of muscle attachments because these vary so much from species to species. The brachiocephalicus advances the limb and may also extend the shoulder joint, but this depends on the cranial attachment being fixed and the limb being free to move. However, when the forelimb is firmly on the ground and the head is free to move, it forces the head and neck either ventrally or to one side depending on whether or not both muscles act in tandem
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0011220 ! mastoid process of temporal bone
synonym: "brachiocephalicus" BROAD []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011369
name: omotransversarius muscle
def: "The omotransversarius is a straplike muscle, which advances and adducts the forelimb, as well as flexes the neck laterally. It covers the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, lying to their side. The omotransversarius lies ventral to the trapezius, cranial to the deltoid muscle and is covered cranially by the cleidocervicalis. It extends from the atlas to the spine of the scapula, with its origin on the transverse process of the atlas and its insertion in the distal end of the spine of the scapula. Its name can be split into omo, which is Greek for shoulder, and tranversarius which relates to its attachment to the transverse process of the atlas. This muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve." [MURDOCH:1433]
synonym: "omotransverse muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "omotransverse" EXACT [MA:0002349]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0011370 ! transverse process of atlas
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0004651 ! scapula spine
xref: MA:0002349 ! omotransverse
xref: ncithesaurus:Omotransverse ! omotransverse
xref: UMLS:C1709311

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011370 ! transverse process of atlas
name: transverse process of atlas
intersection_of: UBERON:0001077 ! transverse process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! cervical vertebra 1
xref: FMA:23981 ! transverse process of atlas
xref: SCTID:181895009 ! Transverse process of atlas
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001092 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! cervical vertebra 1
def: "A transverse process of vertebra that is part of a cervical vertebra 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010987 ! sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass
name: sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002376 {source="EHDAA2"} ! muscle of head
xref: EHDAA2:0001913 ! sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001129
name: subscapularis muscle
def: "The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subscapularis_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "subscapularis" EXACT [MA:0002388]
synonym: "subcoracoscapularis" RELATED SENSU [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: EHDAA:8317 ! subscapularis
xref: FMA:13413 ! Subscapularis
xref: VHOG:0000850 ! subscapularis
xref: MA:0002388 ! subscapularis
xref: ncithesaurus:Subscapularis ! Subscapularis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rviCRIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! subscapularis muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0001943 ! subscapularis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png
xref: EMAPA:18181 ! subscapularis
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010993 ! subscapularis pre-muscle mass
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003683 {source="Wikipedia"} ! rotator cuff
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
xref: SCTID:277446000 ! Entire subscapularis
synonym: "musculus subscapularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subscapularis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="lesser tubercle of humerus"} ! humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png
xref: UMLS:C0584884

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010993 ! subscapularis pre-muscle mass
name: subscapularis pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
xref: EMAPA:17750 ! subscapularis pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011251
name: levator claviculae muscle
def: "A skeletal muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck. It originates on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle" [Wikipedia:Levator_claviculae_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: The levator claviculae is an infrequently recognized anatomical variant in humans, distinguished from, for example, cervical adenopathy or a thrombosed vein, but a normal muscle in lower mammals and anthropoids. In humans, when present, it often appears unilaterally, most commonly on the left side, or bilaterally.[WP]
synonym: "omocervicalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Levator_claviculae_muscle]
synonym: "levator claviculae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Levator_claviculae_muscle]
synonym: "musculus levator claviculae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_claviculae_muscle]
synonym: "cleidocervicalis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Levator_claviculae_muscle]
synonym: "cleidocervicalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Levator_claviculae_muscle]
synonym: "tracheloacromial muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Levator_claviculae_muscle]
synonym: "pars cervicalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001105 {source="Wikipedia", notes="lateral half"} ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="nterior portion of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011364 ! cleidocephalicus muscle
property_value: external_definition "Cleidocervicalis is one of two muscles, which make up the cleidocephalic component of the complex brachiocephalic muscle. It is a thin triangular muscle which has a broad origin on the median raphe of the mid dorsal aspect of the neck. The muscle is bounded caudally by the trapezius and cranially by the occipital component of the sternocephalicus . The cleidocervicalis tapers as it passes ventrally across the side of the neck to insert into the clavicular tendon. It is innervated by the accessory nerve. The brachiocephalic complex advances the limb, extends the shoulder joint and fixes the neck." xsd:string {source="MURDOCH:378"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010952
name: frontalis
def: "The frontalis muscle is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color. It is located on the front of the head. It has no bony attachments. Its medial fibers are continuous with those of the Procerus; its immediate fibers blend with the Corrugator and Orbicularis oculi, thus attached to the skin of the eyebrows; and its lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. In the eyebrows, its primary function is to lift them (thus opposing the orbital portion of the orbicularis), especially when looking up. It also acts when a view is too distant or dim. From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture. The medial margins of the Frontales are joined together for some distance above the root of the nose; but between the Occipitales there is a considerable, though variable, interval, occupied by the galea aponeurotica. It could be part of occipitofrontalis muscle." [Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle]
synonym: "frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle]
synonym: "frontal belly of occipitofrontalis" EXACT  [FMA:46757]
synonym: "frontal part of occipitofrontalis" EXACT  [FMA:46757]
synonym: "venter frontalis (musculus occipitofrontalis)" EXACT  [FMA:46757]
synonym: "venter frontalis musculus occipitofrontalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "orbito-temporo-auricularis" EXACT [PMID:18657257]
is_a: UBERON:0010938 ! muscle belly
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010946 {source="FMA"} ! occipitofrontalis muscle
xref: FMA:46757 ! frontalis
xref: SCTID:368680005 ! Entire frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006661 {source="dbpedia"} ! epicranial aponeurosis
synonym: "venter frontalis musculi occipitofrontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Musculus_frontalis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010953
name: nasalis muscle
def: "The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus. The alar part is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the other to the integument at the point of the nose. Other sources divide it into \"Compressor nasalis\" and \"Dilator nasalis\"." [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "compressor naris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "compressor narium minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "compressor nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "nasalis" EXACT [FMA:46770]
is_a: UBERON:0008522 {source="FMA"} ! nasal muscle
xref: FMA:46770 ! nasalis
xref: SCTID:244732001 ! Entire nasalis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001681 {source="dbpedia"} ! nasal bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla
synonym: "musculus nasalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nasalis.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000004 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! olfactory apparatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010276
name: vertebral column opening
comment: AO notes: in AAO this is a space rather than conduit
xref: AAO:0000700 ! vertebral column opening
synonym: "vertebral conduit" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
def: "An anatomical conduit that is part of a vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001131
name: vertebral foramen
def: "In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. The vertebral foramen begins at cervical vertebrae #1 and continues inferior to lumbar vertebrae #5. Within this foramen the spinal cord and associated meninges are housed. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vertebra neural canal" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13479 ! Vertebral foramen
xref: MA:0001454 ! vertebra neural canal
xref: AAO:0000729 ! spinal foramen
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_EvQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_EvQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebral foramen
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Foramenvertebrale.png/200px-Foramenvertebrale.png
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
xref: SCTID:280734009 ! Vertebral foramen
synonym: "foramen vertebrale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Foramenvertebrale.png
property_value: external_definition "Opening on the vertebra for a spinal nerve as it emerges from the spinal canal.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000729", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008429
name: cervical vertebral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
xref: FMA:13480 ! cervical vertebral foramen
xref: SCTID:280833008 ! Cervical vertebral foramen
def: "A vertebral foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008430
name: lumbar vertebral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
xref: FMA:24826 ! lumbar vertebral foramen
xref: SCTID:280835001 ! Lumbar vertebral foramen
def: "A vertebral foramen that is part of a lumbar vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008431
name: sacral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
xref: FMA:31749 ! sacral foramen
def: "A vertebral foramen that is part of a sacral vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008432
name: thoracic vertebral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: FMA:9143 ! thoracic vertebral foramen
xref: SCTID:280834002 ! Thoracic vertebral foramen
def: "A vertebral foramen that is part of a thoracic vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008433
name: lumbar vertebral arch
synonym: "arch of lumbar vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:16076]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! vertebral arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
xref: FMA:16076 ! lumbar vertebral arch
xref: SCTID:312766000 ! Entire arch of lumbar vertebra
def: "A neural arch that is part of a lumbar vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008434
name: cervical vertebral arch
synonym: "arch of cervical vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:23893]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! vertebral arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
xref: FMA:23893 ! cervical vertebral arch
xref: SCTID:165269004 ! Entire arch of cervical vertebra
def: "A neural arch that is part of a cervical vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008435
name: vertebral arch of sacral segment
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! vertebral arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
xref: FMA:32401 ! vertebral arch of sacral segment
def: "A neural arch that is part of a sacral vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008436
name: thoracic vertebral arch
synonym: "arch of thoracic vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:9151]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! vertebral arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: FMA:9151 ! thoracic vertebral arch
xref: SCTID:312764002 ! Entire arch of thoracic vertebra
def: "A neural arch that is part of a thoracic vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008456
name: superior articular process of lumbar vertebra
synonym: "cranial articular process of lumbar vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:16126]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
xref: FMA:16126 ! superior articular process of lumbar vertebra
xref: SCTID:305677003 ! Entire superior articular process of lumbar vertebra
def: "A superior articular process of vertebra that is part of a lumbar vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008457
name: superior articular process of sacral vertebra
synonym: "articular process of sacral segment" EXACT  [FMA:16215]
synonym: "processus articularis superior (os sacrum)" EXACT  [FMA:16215]
synonym: "processus articularis superior ossis sacri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "superior articular process of sacral segment" EXACT  [FMA:16215]
synonym: "superior articular process of sacrum" EXACT  [FMA:16215]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
xref: FMA:16215 ! superior articular process of sacral vertebra
def: "A superior articular process of vertebra that is part of a sacral vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008459
name: superior articular process of cervical vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
xref: FMA:23969 ! superior articular process of cervical vertebra
xref: SCTID:57767002 ! Entire superior articular process of cervical vertebra
def: "A superior articular process of vertebra that is part of a cervical vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008460
name: superior articular process of thoracic vertebra
synonym: "cranial articular process of thoracic vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:9155]
synonym: "processus articularis (zygapophysis) thoracicus superior" EXACT  [FMA:9155]
synonym: "superior apophyseal process" EXACT  [FMA:9155]
synonym: "superior zygapophysis" EXACT  [FMA:9155]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: FMA:9155 ! superior articular process of thoracic vertebra
xref: SCTID:367801006 ! Entire superior articular process of thoracic vertebra
def: "A superior articular process of vertebra that is part of a thoracic vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008461
name: inferior articular process of lumbar vertebra
synonym: "caudal articular process of lumbar vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:16127]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
xref: FMA:16127 ! inferior articular process of lumbar vertebra
xref: SCTID:306283004 ! Entire inferior articular process of lumbar vertebra
def: "An inferior articular process of vertebra that is part of a lumbar vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008462
name: inferior articular process of cervical vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
xref: FMA:23970 ! inferior articular process of cervical vertebra
xref: SCTID:61633005 ! Entire inferior articular process of cervical vertebra
def: "An inferior articular process of vertebra that is part of a cervical vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008463
name: inferior articular process of thoracic vertebra
synonym: "caudal articular process of thoracic vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:9156]
synonym: "inferior apophyseal process" EXACT  [FMA:9156]
synonym: "inferior zygapophysis" EXACT  [FMA:9156]
synonym: "processus articularis (zygapophysis) thoracicus inferior" EXACT  [FMA:9156]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: FMA:9156 ! inferior articular process of thoracic vertebra
xref: SCTID:367814007 ! Entire inferior articular process of thoracic vertebra
def: "An inferior articular process of vertebra that is part of a thoracic vertebra." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001132
name: parathyroid gland
def: "The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone[GO]. Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones[WP]." [Wikipedia:Parathyroid_gland]
comment: Development notes: table 13.1 of Kardong is used to create the taxon-specific developmental relationships here, although some omissions are made for simplicity. Additional notes: Parathyroid glands are found in all adult tetrapods, although they vary in their number, and in their exact position. Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six. Fish do not possess parathyroid glands, although the ultimobranchial glands, which are found close to the oesophagus, may have a similar function and could even be homologous with the tetrapod parathyroids. Even these glands are absent in the most primitive vertebrates, the jawless fish, but as these species have no bone in their skeletons, only cartilage, it may be that they have less need to regulate calcium metabolism. The conserved homology of genes and calcium-sensing receptors in fish gills with those in the parathryroid glands of birds and mammals is recognized by evolutionary developmental biology as evolution-using genes and gene networks in novel ways to generate new structures with some similar functions and novel functions[WP]. The parathryoid gland is not formed in fish, but is only found in tetrapods. In humans and chick it emerges from pouches 3 and 4, but in mice it is exclusively generated by the third pouch[PMID:16313389]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "parathyroid" EXACT []
synonym: "parathyroid secreting cell" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000997
xref: EFO:0000862 ! parathyroid
xref: FMA:13890 ! Parathyroid gland
xref: GAID:452 ! parathyroid gland
xref: VHOG:0001188 ! parathyroid gland
xref: MA:0000128 ! parathyroid gland
xref: MAT:0000082 ! parathyroid
xref: MIAA:0000082 ! parathyroid
xref: XAO:0000167 ! parathyroid
xref: ncithesaurus:Parathyroid_Gland ! Parathyroid Gland
xref: MESH:A06.407.560 ! parathyroid gland
xref: EV:0100134 ! parathyroid
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
relationship: has_function_in GO:0055074 {source="Wikipedia"} ! calcium ion homeostasis
relationship: capable_of GO:0035898 ! parathyroid hormone secretion
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 {source="PMID:16313389"} ! Tetrapoda
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010026 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8293", notes="Urodele", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010028 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8293", notes="Urodele", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010026 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8342", notes="Anurans", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1", source="XAO"} ! ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010028 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8342", notes="Anurans", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010026 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8782", notes="Aves", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010028 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8782", notes="Aves", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010025 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", notes="Mammals", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010027 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", notes="Mammals", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007124 {source="PMID:16313389", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:10090", source="PMID:16313389"} ! pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007125 {source="PMID:16313389", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9030", notes="pouches 3 and 4 in chick"} ! pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007125 {source="PMID:16313389", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="pouches 3 and 4 in human"} ! pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: homologous_to ZFA:0001200 {source="ZFA:0001200"} ! corpuscles of Stannius
xref: AAO:0010545 ! parathyroid gland
xref: SCTID:181121007 ! Entire parathyroid gland
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Either of the two pairs of small, spherical, encapsulated glands which develop from ventral growths of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and are closely associated with the external jugular veins. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are secreted by these glands.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010545", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Any one of several small structures, usually four, attached to the dorsal surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001188", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/parathyroid+gland", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The evolution of the tetrapods, and the shift from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, was believed to have required new controls for regulating calcium homeostasis, and thus the evolution of parathyroid glands (...) both the tetrapod parathyroid and the gills of fish contribute to the regulation of extracellular calcium levels. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that the parathyroid gland evolved as a result of the transformation of the gills into the parathyroid glands of tetrapods and the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. This interpretation would also explain the positioning of the parathyroid gland within the pharynx in the tetrapod body. Were the parathyroid gland to have emerged de novo with the evolution of the tetrapods it could, as an endocrine organ, have been placed anywhere in the body and still exert its effect.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001188", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M\, Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0030518

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006749
name: superior parathyroid gland
comment: Taxon notes: Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six
xref: FMA:55558 ! superior parathyroid gland
xref: EHDAA:3870 ! superior parathyroid
xref: EHDAA:9135 ! superior parathyroid
xref: EHDAA2:0001954 ! superior parathyroid
is_a: UBERON:0001132 ! parathyroid gland
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010027 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Parathyroid_Gland ! Superior Parathyroid Gland
xref: SCTID:245540001 ! Superior parathyroid gland
subset: organ_slim
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000949 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! endocrine system
xref: UMLS:C0447651

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006755
name: inferior parathyroid gland
comment: Taxon notes: Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six
xref: FMA:55559 ! inferior parathyroid gland
xref: EHDAA:3864 ! inferior parathyroid
xref: EHDAA:9127 ! inferior parathyroid
xref: EHDAA2:0000821 ! inferior parathyroid
is_a: UBERON:0001132 ! parathyroid gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007124 {source="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview"} ! pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010025 {source="EHDAA2", notes="epithelium"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Parathyroid_Gland ! Inferior Parathyroid Gland
xref: SCTID:245542009 ! Inferior parathyroid gland
subset: organ_slim
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000949 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! endocrine system
xref: UMLS:C0447650

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011197
name: parathyroid epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001132 ! parathyroid gland
is_a: UBERON:0000486 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! multilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004117 ! pharyngeal pouch
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0002260 ! epithelial cell of parathyroid gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Parathyroid_Gland_Epithelial_Tissue
def: "An epithelium that is part of a parathyroid gland." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1709466
xref: CALOHA:TS-2141 ! Parathyroid epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011195
name: inferior parathyroid epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006755 ! inferior parathyroid gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010025 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
xref: EHDAA2:0000824 ! inferior parathyroid epithelium
xref: EHDAA:3868 ! endodermal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a inferior parathyroid gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011196
name: superior parathyroid epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006749 ! superior parathyroid gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007125 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal pouch 4
xref: EHDAA2:0001957 ! superior parathyroid epithelium
xref: EHDAA:3874 ! endodermal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a superior parathyroid gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008242
name: lower back muscle
xref: MA:0000502 ! lower back muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003833 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002324  ! muscle of back
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005462  ! lumbar region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005462 {source="MA"} ! lumbar region
xref: SCTID:317178000 ! Entire muscle of lower back
def: "A muscle of back that is part of a lower back." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008243
name: upper back muscle
xref: MA:0000508 ! upper back muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003830 {source="MA"} ! thoracic segment muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002324  ! muscle of back
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008231  ! dorsal thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008231 {source="MA"} ! dorsal thoracic segment of trunk
xref: SCTID:305071003 ! Entire muscle of upper back
def: "A muscle of back that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005617 ! mesenteric vein
name: mesenteric vein
def: "Veins which return blood from the intestines; the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein." [MESH:A07.231.908.670.385, Wikipedia:Mesenteric_vein]
xref: MA:0002177 ! mesenteric vein
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001125 ! mesenteric vein
xref: BTO:0002781 ! mesenteric vein
xref: EMAPA:17348 ! mesenteric vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.670.385 ! mesenteric vein
xref: EHDAA:4442 ! mesenteric vein
is_a:  UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005806 ! portal system
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Vein ! Mesenteric Vein
xref: SCTID:304045008 ! Entire mesenteric vein
xref: UMLS:C0025473

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001138
name: superior mesenteric vein
def: "In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "upper mesenteric vein" RELATED [BTO:0002783]
xref: EHDAA:5414 ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: FMA:14332 ! Superior mesenteric vein
xref: VHOG:0000552 ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: MA:0002179 ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Mesenteric_Vein ! Superior Mesenteric Vein
xref: BTO:0002783 ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwFjmM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001951 ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png
xref: EMAPA:18643 ! superior of mesenteric vein
is_a: UBERON:0005617 ! mesenteric vein
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005487 {source="Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein"} ! vitelline vein
xref: SCTID:278031001 ! Entire superior mesenteric vein
synonym: "vena mesenterica superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png
xref: UMLS:C0226742

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001215
name: inferior mesenteric vein
def: "In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine. It usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lower mesenteric vein" RELATED [BTO:0002782]
xref: EHDAA:8712 ! inferior mesenteric vein
xref: FMA:15391 ! Inferior mesenteric vein
xref: VHOG:0001118 ! inferior mesenteric vein
xref: MA:0002178 ! inferior mesenteric vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcV53ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Mesenteric_Vein ! Inferior Mesenteric Vein
xref: BTO:0002782 ! inferior mesenteric vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcV53ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! inferior mesenteric vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000819 ! inferior mesenteric vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png
xref: EMAPA:18642 ! inferior of mesenteric vein
is_a: UBERON:0005617 ! mesenteric vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0003713 {source="FMA/obol"} ! splenic vein
xref: SCTID:281055007 ! Entire inferior mesenteric vein
synonym: "vena mesenterica inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png
xref: UMLS:C0226754

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001139
name: common iliac vein
def: "In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins and together, in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, form the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. Both common iliac veins are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "common iliac venous tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14333 ! Common iliac vein
xref: galen:CommonIliacVein
xref: MA:0002143 ! common iliac vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv92CGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Common_Iliac_Vein ! Common Iliac Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv92CGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! common iliac vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Iliac_veins.gif/200px-Iliac_veins.gif
xref: EMAPA:17874 ! common iliac vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:181398004 ! Entire common iliac vein
synonym: "vena iliaca communis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Iliac_veins.gif
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001072 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! inferior vena cava
xref: UMLS:C0226758

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003920 ! venous blood vessel
name: venous blood vessel
def: "a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/venous+blood+vessel]
comment: Compare to: vein
synonym: "segment of venous tree organ" EXACT [FMA:86188]
synonym: "venous tree organ segment" EXACT [FMA:86188]
xref: MA:0000066 ! venous blood vessel
xref: FMA:86188 ! Segment of venous tree organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004582 ! venous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001140
name: renal vein
def: "The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Renal_vein, Wikipedia:Renal_vein]
comment: AO notes: see also MA:0002591 'kidney venous blood vessel'. in EHDAA2, the renal vein is part of the kidney
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "renal venous tree" EXACT []
synonym: "kidney vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney venous blood vessel" EXACT [MA:0002591]
xref: EHDAA:8722 ! renal vein
xref: FMA:14334 ! Renal vein
xref: GAID:544 ! renal vein
xref: MA:0002210 ! renal vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Vein ! Renal Vein
xref: BTO:0002681 ! renal vein
xref: galen:RenalVein ! renal vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! renal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001602 ! renal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray1122.png/200px-Gray1122.png
xref: EMAPA:19223 ! renal vein of large blood vessels
xref: EMAPA:28376 ! renal vein of renal vasculature
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.752 ! renal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001072 ! inferior vena cava
xref: SCTID:116358006 ! Vein of kidney
synonym: "venae renales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Renal_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray1122.png
xref: UMLS:C0035092

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001141
name: right renal vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:14335 ! Right renal vein
xref: MA:0002212 ! right renal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Renal_Vein ! Right Renal Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right renal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001140 ! renal vein
xref: SCTID:116357001 ! Entire right renal vein
xref: UMLS:C0508000

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001142
name: left renal vein
def: "The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Left_renal_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:14336 ! Left renal vein
xref: MA:0002211 ! left renal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Renal_Vein ! Left Renal Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! left renal veins
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray1122.png/200px-Gray1122.png
is_a: UBERON:0001140 ! renal vein
xref: SCTID:116356005 ! Entire left renal vein
xref: UMLS:C0508001

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001143
name: hepatic vein
def: "Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]." [ZFA:0000670, Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3565355&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: Definition derived from ZFA but general enough for other species. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hepatic veins" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "vena hepatica" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "liver vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of liver" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0003015 ! hepatic vein
xref: FMA:14337 ! Hepatic vein
xref: GAID:534 ! hepatic vein
xref: galen:HepaticVein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5GivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000670 ! hepatic vein
xref: XAO:0000387 ! hepatic vein
xref: ZFA:0000670 ! hepatic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Vein ! Hepatic Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5GivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hepatic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray1121.png/200px-Gray1121.png
xref: EMAPA:19221 ! hepatic vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.380 ! hepatic vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: channels_from UBERON:0002107 ! liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006877 ! vasculature of liver
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005487 {source="Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein"} ! vitelline vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001072 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! inferior vena cava
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001639 ! hepatic portal vein
xref: AAO:0010216 ! hepatic vein
xref: SCTID:278191001 ! Entire hepatic vein
synonym: "venae hepaticae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png
xref: UMLS:C0019155

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011955
name: left hepatic vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001143 ! hepatic vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001115 ! left lobe of liver
xref: FMA:14339 ! left hepatic vein
xref: SCTID:55188000 ! Entire left hepatic vein
def: "A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011956
name: right hepatic vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001143 ! hepatic vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001114 ! right lobe of liver
xref: FMA:14338 ! right hepatic vein
xref: SCTID:18135006 ! Entire right hepatic vein
def: "A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011957
name: middle hepatic vein
is_a: UBERON:0001143 ! hepatic vein
xref: FMA:14340 ! middle hepatic vein
xref: SCTID:54895000 ! Entire middle hepatic vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001144
name: testicular vein
def: "The testicular vein (or spermatic vein), the male gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding testis to the inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis: the right testicular vein generally joins the inferior vena cava; the left testicular vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. The veins emerge from the back of the testis, and receive tributaries from the epididymis; they unite and form a convoluted plexus, called the pampiniform plexus, which constitutes the greater mass of the spermatic cord; the vessels composing this plexus are very numerous, and ascend along the cord, in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring, they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins, which ascend on the Psoas major, behind the peritoneum, lying one on either side of the internal spermatic artery. These unite to form a single vein, which opens, on the right side, into the inferior vena cava (at an acute angle), on the left side into the left renal vein (at a right angle). The spermatic veins are provided with valves. The left spermatic vein passes behind the iliac colon and is thus exposed to pressure from the contents of that part of the bowel. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Testicular_vein, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3220553&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: Comment: todo - check testicular vs spermatic vein (MA:0002218)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "testicular venous tree" EXACT [Wikipedia:Testicular_vein]
synonym: "male gonadal vein" EXACT [Wikipedia:Testicular_vein]
synonym: "spermatic vein" EXACT [Wikipedia:Testicular_vein]
synonym: "testicle vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of testicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vena tesicularis" RELATED [BTO:0002678]
xref: FMA:14344 ! Testicular vein
xref: MA:0002234 ! testicular vein
xref: MA:0002218 ! spermatic vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1WIHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0002678 ! testicular vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1WIHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! testicular vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gray590.png/200px-Gray590.png
xref: EMAPA:18647 ! testicular vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0000473 ! testicle
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001072 ! inferior vena cava
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001330 ! pampiniform plexus
relationship: sexually_homologous_to UBERON:0001145 ! ovarian vein
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: ncithesaurus:Spermatic_Vein ! Spermatic Vein
xref: SCTID:264496006 ! Entire testicular vein
synonym: "vena testicularis sinistra," RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Testicular_vein]
synonym: "venae spermaticae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Testicular_vein]
synonym: "vena testicularis dextra," RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Testicular_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Gray590.png
xref: UMLS:C0226718

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000442
name: right testicular vein
def: "A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
synonym: "vena testicularis sinistra" RELATED  [BTO:0002680]
synonym: "vena testicularis (adrenalis) dextra" EXACT [FMA:14341]
synonym: "vena testicularis dextra" RELATED [BTO:0002679]
xref: BTO:0002679
xref: FMA:14341 ! Right testicular vein
xref: MA:0002220 ! right spermatic vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001144 ! testicular vein
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0004534 ! right testicle
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001142 ! left renal vein
relationship: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:53500001 ! Entire right testicular vein
synonym: "right spermatic vein" EXACT [MA:0002220]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000443
name: left testicular vein
def: "A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
synonym: "vena testicularis dextra" RELATED  [BTO:0002679]
synonym: "vena testicularis sinistra" RELATED [BTO:0002680]
xref: BTO:0002680
xref: FMA:14345 ! Left testicular vein
xref: MA:0002219 ! left spermatic vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001144 ! testicular vein
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0004533 ! left testicle
relationship: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:90988008 ! Entire left testicular vein
synonym: "left spermatic vein" EXACT [MA:0002219]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001145
name: ovarian vein
def: "The ovarian vein, the female gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the female equivalent of the testicular vein, and is the venous counterpart of the ovarian artery. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. It a paired vein, with one supplying each ovary. The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensatory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava. The left ovarian vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ovary vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of ovary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female reproductive system gonad vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female reproductive system gonada vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of female reproductive system vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of female reproductive system vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of female reproductive system gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of female reproductive system gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of gonad of female reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of gonada of female reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14346 ! Ovarian vein
xref: MA:0002186 ! ovarian vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Vein ! Ovarian Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvrST5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ovarian vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ovarschaf.jpg/200px-Ovarschaf.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18644 ! ovarian vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:278193003 ! Entire ovarian vein
synonym: "vena ovarica sinistra, vena ovarica dextra" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ovarian_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Ovarschaf.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0226720

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001146
name: suprarenal vein
def: "The Suprarenal veins are two in number: the right ends in the inferior vena cava. the left ends in the left renal or left inferior phrenic vein. They receive blood from the adrenal glands and will sometimes form anastomoses with the inferior phrenic veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Suprarenal_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:8731 ! suprarenal vein
xref: FMA:14348 ! Suprarenal vein
xref: MA:0002229 ! suprarenal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Suprarenal_Vein ! Suprarenal Vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001966 ! suprarenal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray1122.png/200px-Gray1122.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:278194009 ! Entire suprarenal vein
xref: UMLS:C0226717

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001147
name: trunk of peripheral nerve
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: non_informative
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "peripheral nerve trunk" EXACT []
synonym: "peripheral neural trunk" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14383 ! Trunk of peripheral nerve
xref: MA:0000229 ! peripheral nerve trunk
xref: EMAPA:16986 ! nerve trunk (also: UBERON:0002464 'nerve trunk') (also: UBERON:0003439 'nerve of trunk region') (also: UBERON:0004295 'sympathetic nerve trunk')
is_a: UBERON:0002464 ! nerve trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001148
name: median nerve
def: "The median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals. It is in the upper limb. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus. The median nerve is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery. It originates from the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 &amp; T1. The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause carpal tunnel syndrome. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Median_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:5648 ! median nerve
xref: FMA:14385 ! Median nerve
xref: GAID:843 ! median nerve
xref: MA:0001168 ! median nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Median_Nerve ! Median Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwF4HF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! median nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001086 ! median nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif/200px-Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif
xref: EMAPA:17277 ! median nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050.500 ! median nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001814 ! brachial nerve plexus
xref: SCTID:181010001 ! Entire median nerve
synonym: "nervus medianus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Median_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif
xref: UMLS:C0025058

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001149
name: bare area of liver
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "area nuda (hepar)" EXACT []
synonym: "area nuda hepatis" EXACT []
synonym: "liver bare area" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14480 ! Bare area of liver
xref: MA:0000359 ! liver bare area
xref: EMAPA:17945 ! bare area of liver
xref: EMAPA:18308 ! bare area of left of lobe of liver
xref: EMAPA:18312 ! bare area of right of lobe of liver
is_a: UBERON:0000466 ! immaterial anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001114 ! right lobe of liver
xref: SCTID:279965008 ! Entire area nuda hepatis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001150
name: body of pancreas
def: "The body of the pancreas is a subsection of the pancreas organ in the human body. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and inferior. It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Body_of_pancreas]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pancreas body" EXACT []
synonym: "pancreas corpus" RELATED []
synonym: "pancreatic body" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14518 ! Body of pancreas
xref: VHOG:0000451 ! pancreas body
xref: MA:0000121 ! pancreas body
xref: EHDAA2:0001368 ! pancreas body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg/200px-Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17504 ! body of pancreas of gland of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:18817 ! body of pancreas of gland of gut
xref: EHDAA:9178 ! body (also: UBERON:0000468 'multi-cellular organism')
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas
xref: ncithesaurus:Body_of_the_Pancreas ! Body of the Pancreas
xref: SCTID:362202004 ! Entire body of pancreas
synonym: "corpus pancreatis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_pancreas]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000451", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD\, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. Comptes Rendus Biologies (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0227582

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001151
name: tail of pancreas
def: "The tail of the pancreas, located anatomically left near the hilum of the spleen, is not simply an anatomical distinction. The tail is the only part of the pancreas which contains Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) cells, which are responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to coordinate exocrine and islet enzyme release. PP cells are found in the tail's periphery. Beta cells and delta cells are found in the central part of the tail as with the rest of the pancreas. The cells described above are located exclusively in the islet cells; their secretions reach exocrine portions of the pancreas via the capillary network surrounding the islet cell populations. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tail_of_pancreas]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "left extremity of pancreas" EXACT  [FMA:14519]
synonym: "pancreatic tail" EXACT  [FMA:14519]
synonym: "pancreas tail" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14519 ! Tail of pancreas
xref: VHOG:0000452 ! pancreas tail
xref: MA:0000123 ! pancreas tail
xref: EHDAA2:0001390 ! pancreas tail
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg/200px-Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17511 ! tail of pancreas of gland of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:18824 ! tail of pancreas of gland of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009708 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dorsal pancreas
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001264 {source="FMA"} ! pancreas
xref: ncithesaurus:Tail_of_the_Pancreas ! Tail of the Pancreas
xref: SCTID:245382003 ! Entire tail of pancreas
synonym: "cauda pancreatis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tail_of_pancreas]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000452", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD\, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. Comptes Rendus Biologies (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0227590

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009854 ! digestive tract diverticulum
name: digestive tract diverticulum
def: "Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
intersection_of: UBERON:0009856 ! sac
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
xref: FBbt:00100316 ! diverticulum of gut
synonym: "diverticulum of gut" RELATED [FBbt:00100316]
synonym: "intestinal pouch" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001153
name: caecum
def: "Pouch, connecting the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction." [Wikipedia:Cecum]
comment: Taxon notes: A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates.[WP] Kardong: in some herbivorous lizards, a cecum is present between small and large intestines
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "caeca" NARROW PLURAL [NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "ceca" NARROW PLURAL [NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "cecum" EXACT [FMA:14541]
synonym: "intestinum crassum caecum" EXACT []
synonym: "blind intestine" RELATED [BTO:0000166]
synonym: "blindgut" RELATED [BTO:0000166]
synonym: "intestinum caecum" RELATED [BTO:0000166]
synonym: "intestinum crassum cecum" RELATED [BTO:0000166]
xref: BTO:0000166
xref: FMA:14541 ! Cecum
xref: GAID:307 ! cecum
xref: galen:Cecum
xref: MA:0000334 ! cecum
xref: MIAA:0000288 ! caecum
xref: ncithesaurus:Cecum
xref: EFO:0000850 ! caecum
xref: VHOG:0001559 ! caecum
xref: EHDAA:3913 ! caecum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rve6u4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! caecum
xref: EHDAA2:0000206 ! caecum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg/200px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg.png
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.209 ! cecum
xref: EV:0100397 ! cecum
is_a: UBERON:0009854 ! digestive tract diverticulum
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001156 {source="Wikipedia"} ! ascending colon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001155 {source="EHDAA2"} ! colon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000059 {source="MA"} ! large intestine
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midgut
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Teleostei
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 ! Gnathostomata
xref: SCTID:181256004 ! Entire cecum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "caecal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0007531

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001154
name: vermiform appendix
def: "a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP]." [Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "caecal appendix" EXACT []
synonym: "cecal appendix" EXACT []
synonym: "appendix" EXACT []
synonym: "vermix" BROAD []
synonym: "appendix vermiformis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14542]
synonym: "apex of cecum" RELATED  [VHOG:0001306]
xref: BTO:0000084 ! vermiform appendix
xref: EFO:0000849 ! appendix
xref: FMA:14542 ! Appendix
xref: GAID:308 ! appendix
xref: VHOG:0001306 ! appendix
xref: MA:0001540 ! appendix
xref: MAT:0000287 ! appendix
xref: MIAA:0000287 ! appendix
xref: ncithesaurus:Vermiform_Appendix
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gray536.png/200px-Gray536.png
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.209.290 ! appendix
xref: EV:0100076 ! vermiform appendix
xref: EV:0100080 ! appendix
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001153 {source="MA"} ! caecum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004907 {source="FMA"} ! lower digestive tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midgut
xref: galen:AppendixVermiformis
xref: SCTID:181255000 ! Entire appendix
xref: EHDAA2:0000588 ! appendix
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "appendix vermiformis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Gray536.png
property_value: homology_notes "A comparative anatomical approach reveals three apparent morphotypes of the cecal appendix, as well as appendix-like structures in some species that lack a true cecal appendix. Cladistic analyses indicate that the appendix has evolved independently at least twice (at least once in diprotodont marsupials and at least once in Euarchontoglires), shows a highly significant (P < 0.0001) phylogenetic signal in its distribution, and has been maintained in mammalian evolution for 80 million years or longer.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001306", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x Smith HF\, Fisher RE\, Everett ML\, Thomas AD\, Randal Bollinger R\, Parker W\, Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix. Journal of Evolutionary Biology (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "appendiceal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0003617
property_value: external_definition "Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cecum and distally terminates in the tip of the appendix. Examples: There is only one appendix[FMA:14542]." xsd:string {source="FMA:14542"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001155
name: colon
def: "Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050120-6'>Wallace et al, 2005.</a>" [Wikipedia:Colon_(anatomy), ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO: abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hindgut" RELATED []
synonym: "large bowel" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior intestine" NARROW []
synonym: "posterior intestine - zebrafish" BROAD []
xref: BTO:0000269
xref: EFO:0000361 ! colon
xref: FMA:14543 ! Colon
xref: GAID:309 ! colon
xref: galen:Colon
xref: VHOG:0000648 ! colon
xref: MA:0000335 ! colon
xref: MAP:0000001 ! colon
xref: MAT:0000526 ! colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Colon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000706 ! posterior intestine
xref: XAO:0000243 ! colon
xref: ZFA:0000706 ! posterior intestine
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! colon
xref: EMAPA:18939 ! colon
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.356 ! colon
xref: EV:0100079 ! colon
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="3"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000059  {source="FMA"} ! large intestine
xref: AAO:0010400 ! colon
xref: SCTID:302508007 ! Entire colon
property_value: external_definition "The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010400", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="UBERON:0001155"}
property_value: external_definition "The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000706", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000648", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "colonic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0009368

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012652 ! colorectum
name: colorectum
def: "The colon and rectum considered as a unit." [BTO:0001613]
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="non-canonical"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
xref: BTO:0001613 ! colorectum
xref: ncithesaurus:Colorectal_Region ! colorectal region
property_value: has_relational_adjective "colorectal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1711309
xref: CALOHA:TS-1298 ! Colorectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001156
name: ascending colon
def: "Organ part which is continuous with the cecum proximally and the transverse colon distally.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Ascending_colon, FMA:FMA]
comment: Note that in MA, this is a subclass of colon
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EFO:0000843 ! ascending colon
xref: FMA:14545 ! Ascending colon
xref: galen:AscendingColon
xref: MA:0001541 ! ascending colon
xref: MAT:0000311 ! ascending colon
xref: MIAA:0000311 ! ascending colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Ascending_Colon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3H0FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3H0FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ascending colon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg/200px-Dickdarm-Schema.svg.png
xref: BTO:0000270 ! colon ascendens
is_a: UBERON:0000168 {source="FMA"} ! segment of colon
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001157 ! transverse colon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midgut
xref: SCTID:362162009 ! Entire ascending colon
synonym: "colon ascendens" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ascending_colon]
synonym: "spiral colon" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Spiral_colon]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg
xref: UMLS:C0227375

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010239
name: spiral colon
def: "A variant of the ascending colon in ruminants and pigs." [Wikipedia:Spiral_colon]
comment: Editor notes: Consider merging with ascending colon
synonym: "coiled colon" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000168 ! segment of colon
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001157 ! transverse colon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midgut
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001156 ! ascending colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Spiral_Colon
xref: UMLS:C0227374

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001157
name: transverse colon
def: "The transverse colon the longest and most movable part of the colon, passes with a downward convexity from the right hypochondrium region across the abdomen, opposite the confines of the epigastric and umbilical zones, into the left hypochondrium region, where it curves sharply on itself beneath the lower end of the spleen, forming the splenic or left colic flexure. The right colic flexure is adjacent to the liver. In its course, it describes an arch, the concavity of which is directed backward and a little upward; toward its splenic end there is often an abrupt U-shaped curve which may descend lower than the main curve. It is almost completely invested by peritoneum, and is connected to the inferior border of the pancreas by a large and wide duplicature of that membrane, the transverse mesocolon. It is in relation, by its upper surface, with the liver and gall-bladder, the greater curvature of the stomach, and the lower end of the spleen; by its under surface, with the small intestine; by its anterior surface, with the anterior layers of the greater omentum and the abdominal parietes; its posterior surface is in relation from right to left with the descending portion of the duodenum, the head of the pancreas, and some of the convolutions of the jejunum and ileum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transverse_colon]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EFO:0000844 ! transverse colon
xref: FMA:14546 ! Transverse colon
xref: MA:0001543 ! transverse colon
xref: MAT:0000312 ! transverse colon
xref: MIAA:0000312 ! transverse colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Transverse_Colon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7qyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: galen:TransverseColon ! transverse colon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7qyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! transverse colon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg/200px-Dickdarm-Schema.svg.png
xref: BTO:0000272 ! colon transversum
is_a: UBERON:0000168 {source="FMA"} ! segment of colon
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001158 ! descending colon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midgut
xref: SCTID:362163004 ! Entire transverse colon
synonym: "colon transversum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_colon]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg
xref: UMLS:C0227386

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001158
name: descending colon
def: "The descending colon of humans passes downward through the left hypochondrium and lumbar regions, along the lateral border of the left kidney. At the lower end of the kidney it turns medialward toward the lateral border of the psoas muscle, and then descends, in the angle between psoas and quadratus lumborum, to the crest of the ilium, where it ends in the sigmoid colon. The peritoneum covers its anterior surface and sides, and therefore the descending colon is described as retroperitoneal. (The transverse colon and sigmoid colon, which are immediately proximal and distal, are intraperitoneal). Its posterior surface is connected by areolar tissue with the lower and lateral part of the left kidney, the aponeurotic origin of the transversus abdominis, and the quadratus lumborum. It is smaller in caliber and more deeply placed than the ascending colon. It has a mesentery in 33% of people, and is therefore more frequently covered with peritoneum on its posterior surface than the ascending colon (which has a mesentery in 25% of people). However, it is less likely to undergo volvulus than the ascending colon. In front of it are some coils of small intestine. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Descending_colon]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EFO:0000845 ! descending colon
xref: FMA:14547 ! Descending colon
xref: galen:DescendingColon
xref: MA:0001542 ! descending colon
xref: MAT:0000313 ! descending colon
xref: MIAA:0000313 ! descending colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Descending_Colon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwHsNhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! descending colon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gray1223.png/200px-Gray1223.png
xref: BTO:0000641 ! colon descendens
is_a: UBERON:0000168 {source="FMA"} ! segment of colon
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001159 ! sigmoid colon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001046 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hindgut
xref: SCTID:362165006 ! Entire descending colon
synonym: "colon descendens" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Descending_colon]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Gray1223.png
xref: UMLS:C0227389

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001159
name: sigmoid colon
def: "the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity." [Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sigmoid colon" RELATED []
synonym: "sigmoid flexure" RELATED []
synonym: "colon sigmoideum" RELATED []
synonym: "pelvic colon" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000645 ! colon sigmoideum
xref: EFO:0000846 ! sigmoid colon
xref: FMA:14548 ! Sigmoid colon
xref: MAT:0000314 ! sigmoid colon
xref: MIAA:0000314 ! sigmoid colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Flexure ! sigmoid flexure
xref: galen:SigmoidColon ! sigmoid colon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwHX_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sigmoid colon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg/200px-Dickdarm-Schema.svg.png
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.356.668 ! sigmoid
is_a: UBERON:0000168 {source="FMA"} ! segment of colon
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001046 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hindgut
xref: SCTID:362166007 ! Entire sigmoid colon
synonym: "colon sigmoideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg
xref: UMLS:C0227391
xref: UMLS:C0682612

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009870
name: zone of stomach
def: "A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland." [Wikipedia:Stomach#Sections, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Editor notes: We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by gland, but we also include 'body of stomach'. In future we may want to have different partitions of the stomach
synonym: "gastric zone" EXACT  [FMA:14558]
synonym: "section of stomach" EXACT  []
synonym: "region of stomach" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000945 {source="Obol"} ! stomach
xref: FMA:14558 ! zone of stomach
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Regions_of_stomach.svg/500px-Regions_of_stomach.svg.png
xref: SCTID:245415005 ! Region of stomach (also: UBERON:0009034 'stomach region')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001160
name: fundus of stomach
def: "The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch, and contains the fundic glands[GO, Kardong]." [GO:0014825, Wikipedia:Fundus_%28stomach%29, ISBN10:0073040584]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fundus gastricus (ventricularis)" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric fundus" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach fundus" EXACT []
synonym: "fundus gastricus" RELATED [BTO:0000502]
synonym: "fundus gastricus ventricularis" RELATED [BTO:0000502]
synonym: "fundus ventricularis" RELATED [BTO:0000502]
synonym: "fundus ventriculi" RELATED [BTO:0000502]
xref: BTO:0000502 ! gastric fundus
xref: FMA:14559 ! Fundus of stomach
xref: GAID:320 ! gastric fundus
xref: galen:GastricFundus
xref: VHOG:0000421 ! stomach fundus
xref: MA:0001612 ! stomach fundus
xref: EFO:0002554 ! gastric fundus
xref: EHDAA2:0001919 ! stomach fundus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png
xref: EHDAA:4844 ! fundus
xref: MESH:A03.492.766.419 ! gastric fundus
is_a: UBERON:0009870 ! zone of stomach
relationship: has_part UBERON:0010038 ! fundic gastric gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Fundus_of_the_Stomach ! Fundus of the Stomach
xref: SCTID:362139007 ! Entire gastric fundus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg
property_value: external_definition "The greater curvature of the stomach. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000421", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000421", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0017129

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001161
name: body of stomach
def: "The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]." [GO:0014845, Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach]
comment: Note that we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "corpus gastricum (ventriculare)" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric body" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric corpus" RELATED []
synonym: "stomach body" EXACT []
synonym: "corpus gastricum" RELATED [BTO:0000505]
synonym: "corpus ventriculare" RELATED [BTO:0000505]
synonym: "corpus ventriculi" RELATED [BTO:0000505]
xref: BTO:0000505
xref: FMA:14560 ! Body of stomach
xref: galen:GastricCorpus
xref: MA:0002559 ! stomach body
xref: ncithesaurus:Body_of_Stomach
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0009870 {source="FMA"} ! zone of stomach
synonym: "corpus gastricum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_stomach]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg
xref: SCTID:362140009 ! Entire gastric corpus
xref: UMLS:C0227230

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007650
name: esophagogastric junction
def: "the junction between the esophagus and the stomach epithelium" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/esophagogastric+junction]
synonym: "cardioesophageal junction" EXACT  [FMA:9434]
synonym: "gastroesophageal junction" EXACT  [FMA:9434]
synonym: "esophageal sphincter" RELATED  [MESH:A03.365.414]
synonym: "esophagogastric junction" RELATED  [MESH:A03.365.414]
synonym: "squamocolumnar junction between esophagus and stomach" RELATED  []
synonym: "GEJ" RELATED []
xref: FMA:9434 ! esophagogastric junction
xref: MESH:A03.365.414 ! esophagogastric junction
xref: GAID:292 ! esophagogastric junction
xref: BTO:0004364 ! gastroesophageal junction
is_a: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001043 {source="MESH"} ! esophagus
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001276 {source="tFD"} ! epithelium of stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastroesophageal_Junction ! Gastroesophageal Junction
xref: SCTID:362130006 ! Entire cardioesophageal junction
xref: UMLS:C0014871

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001162
name: cardia of stomach
alt_id: UBERON:0004712
def: "The part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP]" [BTO:0000198, Wikipedia:Cardia]
comment: Editor notes: We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands. Boundary notes: There were previously conflicting statements in the academic anatomy community[10][11][12] over whether the cardia is part of the stomach, part of the esophagus or a distinct entity. Modern surgical and medical textbooks have agreed that "The gastric cardia is now clearly considered to be part of the stomach"[13][14]. Classical anatomy textbooks, and some other resources[15], describe the cardia as the first of 4 regions of the stomach. This makes sense histologically because the mucosa of the cardia is the same as that of the stomach[WP].
synonym: "antrum cardiacum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "cardiac orifice" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "cardiac region" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "antrum cardiacum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "cardial orifice" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "cardial part of stomach" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac antrum" RELATED []
synonym: "gastric cardia" EXACT []
synonym: "pars cardiaca (gaster)" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach cardiac region" EXACT [MA:0001609]
synonym: "pars cardiaca gastricae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14561]
xref: FMA:14561 ! Cardia of stomach
xref: MA:0001609 ! stomach cardiac region
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardia
xref: MESH:A03.492.766.163 ! cardia
xref: BTO:0000198 ! cardia
xref: GAID:319 ! cardia
xref: SCTID:362138004 ! Entire cardia
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg/200px-Illu_stomach.jpg
intersection_of: UBERON:0009870 ! zone of stomach
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0008859 ! cardiac gastric gland
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001161 ! body of stomach
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! Mammalia
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0007144

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001163
name: lesser curvature of stomach
def: "The lesser curvature of the stomach, extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or posterior border of the stomach. It descends as a continuation of the right margin of the esophagus in front of the fibers of the right crus of the diaphragm, and then, turning to the right, it crosses the first lumbar vertebra and ends at the pylorus. Nearer its pyloric than its cardiac end is a well-marked notch, the incisura angularis, which varies somewhat in position with the state of distension of the viscus; it serves to separate the stomach into a right and a left portion. The lesser curvature gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament, and between these two layers are the left gastric artery and the right gastric branch of the hepatic artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lesser_curvature_of_stomach]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "stomach lesser curvature" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14572 ! Lesser curvature of stomach
xref: galen:LesserCurvatureOfStomach
xref: MA:0001616 ! stomach lesser curvature
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0009870 {source="FMA"} ! zone of stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Lesser_Curvature ! Lesser Curvature of the Stomach
xref: SCTID:362133008 ! Entire lesser curvature of stomach
xref: UMLS:C0227221

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001164
name: greater curvature of stomach
def: "The greater curvature of the stomach is directed mainly forward, and is four or five times as long as the lesser curvature. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Greater_curvature_of_stomach]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "stomach greater curvature" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14574 ! Greater curvature of stomach
xref: galen:GreaterCurvatureOfStomach
xref: MA:0001615 ! stomach greater curvature
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0009870 {source="FMA"} ! zone of stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Greater_Curvature ! Greater Curvature of the Stomach
xref: SCTID:362134002 ! Entire greater curvature of stomach
xref: UMLS:C0227223

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001166 ! pylorus
name: pylorus
def: "The region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. It is divided in two parts: the pyloric antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach. the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum. The pyloric sphincter, or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal and lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from celiac ganglion. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pylorus]
comment: Editor notes: We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pars pylorica" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "pyloric part of stomach" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach pyloric region" EXACT []
synonym: "pyloric region" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach pyloric region" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001580]
xref: BTO:0001146 ! pyloric region
xref: FMA:14581 ! Pylorus
xref: GAID:333 ! pylorus
xref: MA:0002560 ! stomach pyloric region
xref: EHDAA:4860 ! pyloric region
xref: EMAPA:17631 ! pyloric region of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18915 ! pyloric region of stomach of gut
xref: ncithesaurus:Pylorus
xref: galen:Pylorus ! pylorus
xref: VHOG:0000420 ! pyloric region
xref: EHDAA2:0001580 ! stomach pyloric region
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png
xref: MESH:A03.492.766.799 ! pylorus
intersection_of: UBERON:0009870 ! zone of stomach
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0008861 ! pyloric gastric gland
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0001165 ! pyloric antrum
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0008858 ! pyloric canal
synonym: "pars pylorica gastricae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14581]
xref: SCTID:362143006 ! Entire pylorus
synonym: "valvula pylori" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pylorus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg
property_value: external_definition "The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000420", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000420", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pyloric" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0034196

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001165
name: pyloric antrum
def: "Pyloric antrum (antrum, lesser cul-de-sac) is the initial portion of the pyloric part of the stomach. It is near the bottom of the stomach on the left side of the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach and the duodenum. It may temporarily become partially or completely shut off from the remainder of the stomach during digestion by peristaltic contraction of the prepyloric sphincter; it is demarcated, sometimes, from the second part of the pyloric part of the stomach by a slight groove. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pyloric_antrum]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "antrum" BROAD []
synonym: "antrum of stomach" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric antrum" RELATED [BTO:0001732]
synonym: "antrum of Willis" RELATED [BTO:0001732]
synonym: "stomach antrum" RELATED []
synonym: "stomach pyloric antrum" EXACT []
synonym: "antrum pylori" RELATED [BTO:0001732]
synonym: "antrum pyloricum" RELATED [BTO:0001732]
xref: FMA:14579 ! Pyloric antrum
xref: GAID:332 ! pyloric antrum
xref: MA:0001624 ! stomach pyloric antrum
xref: BTO:0001732 ! gastric antrum
xref: EFO:0002555 ! pyloric antrum
xref: galen:PyloricAntrum ! pyloric antrum
xref: EMAPA:17891 ! pyloric antrum of pyloric region of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18919 ! pyloric antrum of pyloric region of stomach of gut
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1046.svg/200px-Gray1046.svg.png
xref: MESH:A03.492.766.716 ! pyloric antrum
is_a: UBERON:0009870 {source="FMA"} ! zone of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001166 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pylorus
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001161 ! body of stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Antrum_Pylori ! Antrum Pylori
xref: SCTID:362142001 ! Entire pyloric antrum
synonym: "antrum pyloricum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pyloric_antrum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1046.svg
xref: UMLS:C0034193

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008858
name: pyloric canal
def: "the short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter" [MP:0010791, Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal]
synonym: "canalis pyloricus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal]
is_a: UBERON:0009870 {source="FMA"} ! zone of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001166 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pylorus
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001165 ! pyloric antrum
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001202 ! pyloric sphincter
xref: FMA:14580 ! pyloric canal
xref: SCTID:245417002 ! Entire pyloric canal
synonym: "canalis pyloricus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pyloric_canal]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Illu_stomach.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011185
name: gastrointestinal sphincter
def: "A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system" [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Sphincter ! gastrointestinal sphincter
xref: UMLS:C1517464

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001202
name: pyloric sphincter
def: "A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pyloric valve" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pylorus]
xref: FMA:14916 ! Pyloric sphincter
xref: VHOG:0001466 ! pyloric sphincter
xref: XAO:0000457 ! pyloric sphincter
xref: ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Sphincter ! Pyloric Sphincter
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvly2ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pyloric sphincter
xref: MA:0002952 ! pyloric sphincter
xref: EMAPA:19251 ! pyloric sphincter
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001166 ! pylorus
relationship: continuous_with  UBERON:0008858 ! pyloric canal
relationship: adjacent_to  UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: AAO:0011093 ! pyloric sphincter
xref: SCTID:268073008 ! Entire pyloric sphincter
property_value: homology_notes "(...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001466", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00076.x", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0227238

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010238
name: torus pylorus
def: "A fleshy protuberance at the pylorus of some species such as ruminants and pigs, that projects into the lumen of the pyloric canal" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/torus+pyloricus]
synonym: "torus pyloricus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0009034 {source="MA"} ! stomach region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001166 ! pylorus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:314146 ! Euarchontoglires
xref: SCTID:14214007 ! Torus pyloricus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013472 ! upper esophagus
name: upper esophagus
synonym: "upper third of esophagus" RELATED  []
xref: SCTID:276801001 ! Entire upper third of esophagus
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Third_of_the_Esophagus ! upper third of the esophagus
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001043  ! esophagus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013473
name: lower esophagus
synonym: "lower third of esophagus" RELATED  []
xref: SCTID:362129001 ! Entire lower third of esophagus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Third_of_the_Esophagus ! lower third of the esophagus
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001043  ! esophagus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013474
name: middle part of esophagus
synonym: "middle third of esophagus" RELATED  []
xref: SCTID:276802008 ! Entire middle third of esophagus
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Third_of_the_Esophagus ! middle third of the esophagus
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001043  ! esophagus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007652
name: esophageal sphincter
def: "A sphincter muscle that is part of an esophagus." [OBOL:accepted]
comment: editor note - check for specific subtypes across species. Note mammals have upper and lower, but lower is really part of cardia and thus is not classified under here
synonym: "oesophagial sphincter" EXACT  [ZFA:0000415]
xref: ZFA:0000415 ! esophageal sphincter
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
xref: SCTID:277765007 ! Esophageal sphincter
xref: TAO:0000415 ! esophageal sphincter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007268 ! upper esophageal sphincter
name: upper esophageal sphincter
def: "The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) (also called the Pharyngoesophageal sphincter) refers to the superior portion of the esophagus. Unlike the lower esophageal sphincter, it consists of striated muscle and is under conscious control. The primary muscle of the UES is the cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. During swallowing the upper esophageal sphincter opens so the bolus can pass into the esophagus. A secondary role of the UES is to reduce backflow from the esophagus into the pharynx." [Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter]
synonym: "upper esophageal sphincter muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "upper oesophageal sphincter" EXACT [Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter]
synonym: "pharyngoesophageal sphincter" EXACT [Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter]
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0013472 ! upper esophagus
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002036 {source="Wikipedia"} ! striated muscle tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Esophageal_Sphincter ! Upper Esophageal Sphincter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png
xref: UMLS:C1451819

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004550
name: gastroesophageal sphincter
def: "A sphincter muscle that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - split? check FMA:63048 ! circular muscle layer of abdominal part of esophagus
synonym: "cardiac sphincter" RELATED [MA:0002951]
synonym: "lower esophageal sphincter" RELATED [MA:0002951]
synonym: "gastroesophageal sphincter" EXACT [FMA:14915]
synonym: "inferior esophageal sphincter" EXACT [FMA:14915]
synonym: "cardiac sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "esophageal sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "esophageal sphincter%2c lower" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "esophageal-cardiac junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "esophagogastric junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "gastro-esophageal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "gastro-esophageal sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "gastro-oesophageal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "gastroesophageal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "gastroesophageal sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "lower esophageal sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
synonym: "gastroesophageal sphincter muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "LES" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cardia]
xref: FMA:14915 ! Cardiac sphincter
xref: MA:0002951 ! gastroesophageal sphincter
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001162 {source="MA"} ! cardia of stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Esophageal_Sphincter ! Lower Esophageal Sphincter
xref: galen:LowerEsophagealSphincter
xref: galen:LowerEsophagealSphincter
xref: SCTID:267809009 ! Entire inferior esophageal sphincter
xref: UMLS:C0227192

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001167
name: wall of stomach
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "gastric wall" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach wall" EXACT []
synonym: "anatomical wall of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14582 ! Wall of stomach
xref: MA:0002692 ! stomach wall
xref: galen:WallOfStomach ! wall of stomach
is_a: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
xref: SCTID:279995000 ! Entire wall of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001168
name: wall of small intestine
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "small intestinal wall" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine wall" EXACT []
synonym: "anatomical wall of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14615 ! Wall of small intestine
xref: MA:0002696 ! small intestine wall
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Wall_Tissue ! small intestinal wall tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
xref: UMLS:C1519375

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001169
name: wall of large intestine
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "large intestinal wall" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine wall" EXACT []
synonym: "anatomical wall of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14619 ! Wall of large intestine
xref: MA:0002695 ! large intestine wall
is_a: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001262 ! wall of intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009911
name: lobule
subset: upper_level
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
xref: FMA:45737 ! lobule
xref: ncithesaurus:Lobule ! Lobule
xref: UMLS:C0921005

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009912
name: anatomical lobe
subset: upper_level
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
xref: FMA:45728 ! anatomical lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009913
name: renal lobe
def: "the portion of a kidney consisting of a renal medullary pyramid and the renal cortex above it[MP]. It is composed of many renal lobules[WP]." [MP:0011381, Wikipedia:Renal_lobe]
comment: Edtor note: todo - add has_part relationships. Taxon notes: human kidneys have multilobar (multipyramidal) architecture while mice and rats have unilobar (unipyramidal) kidneys[MP]
synonym: "kidney lobe" EXACT [MP:0011381]
synonym: "lobus renalis" EXACT [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis]
synonym: "lobi renalis" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Renal_lobe]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009912 ! anatomical lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: FMA:17881 ! renal lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Kidney_Lower_Lobe ! kidney lobe
synonym: "lobi renales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Renal_lobe]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png
xref: UMLS:C0736382

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009914
name: renal lobule
def: "the portion of a renal lobe consisting of nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct; human kidneys have multilobular, multipapillary architecture while mice and rats have unilobular, unipapillary kidneys" [MP:0011382, Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule]
comment: Alternate definition: One of the subdivisions of the kidney, consisting of a medullary ray and that portion of the convoluted port (renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules) associated with its collecting duct.  -http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobulus+corticalis+renalis
synonym: "kidney lobule" EXACT [MP:0011382]
synonym: "lobulus renalis" EXACT []
synonym: "cortical lobule" RELATED [MP:0011382, Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule]
synonym: "cortical lobule of kidney" RELATED [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis]
synonym: "lobulus corticalis renalis" RELATED [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis]
synonym: "renal cortical lobule" RELATED [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis]
synonym: "renculus" RELATED [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis]
synonym: "reniculus" RELATED [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis]
synonym: "renunculus" RELATED [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?lobus+renalis]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009911 ! lobule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009913 {source="FMA"} ! renal lobe
xref: FMA:17670 ! renal lobule
synonym: "lobuli corticales renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cortical_lobule]
xref: SCTID:361330004 ! Entire cortical lobule of kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001171
name: portal lobule
def: "the triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel." [MP:0008992]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:14653 ! Portal lobule
xref: MA:0002498 ! portal lobule
xref: ncithesaurus:Portal_Lobule ! Portal Lobule
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001280 ! liver parenchyma
xref: UMLS:C0682620

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010704
name: parenchyma of quadrate lobe of liver
intersection_of: UBERON:0001280 ! liver parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001116 ! quadrate lobe of liver
xref: FMA:71676 ! parenchyma of quadrate lobe of liver
xref: EMAPA:18320 ! parenchyma of quadrate lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001014 ! liver right quadrate lobe parenchyma
synonym: "liver right quadrate lobe parenchyma" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001014]
synonym: "parenchyma of quadrate lobe" EXACT [EMAPA:18320]
def: "A liver parenchyma that is part of a quadrate lobe of liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010706
name: parenchyma of caudate lobe of liver
intersection_of: UBERON:0001280 ! liver parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001117 ! caudate lobe of liver
xref: FMA:71659 ! parenchyma of caudate lobe of liver
xref: EMAPA:18315 ! parenchyma of caudate lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001007 ! liver right caudate lobe parenchyma
synonym: "parenchyma of caudate lobe" EXACT [EMAPA:18315]
synonym: "liver right caudate lobe parenchyma" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001007]
def: "A liver parenchyma that is part of a caudate lobe of liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001172
name: hepatic acinus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "liver acinus" EXACT []
synonym: "portal acinus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14654 ! Hepatic acinus
xref: MA:0002496 ! liver acinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Liver_Acinus ! Liver Acinus
is_a: UBERON:0009842 {source="FMA"} ! acinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001171 ! portal lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004647 ! liver lobule
xref: SCTID:272214009 ! Entire hepatic acinus
xref: UMLS:C0227519

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010081
name: future common hepatic duct
is_a: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005604 ! hepatic duct extrahepatic part
intersection_of: UBERON:0003703 ! extrahepatic bile duct
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001175 ! common hepatic duct
xref: EHDAA2:0000595 ! future common hepatic duct
def: "An extrahepatic bile duct that develops_into a common hepatic duct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002394
name: bile duct
def: "Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine." [Wikipedia:Bile_duct, ZFA:0001100]
comment: The path is as follows: Bile canaliculi → Canals of Hering → interlobular bile ducts → intrahepatic bile ducts → left and right hepatic ducts merge to form → common hepatic duct exits liver and joins → cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming → common bile duct → joins with pancreatic duct → forming ampulla of Vater → enters duodenum [WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hepatic duct" RELATED []
synonym: "gall duct" RELATED [BTO:0000122]
xref: BTO:0000122
xref: FMA:9706 ! Bile duct
xref: GAID:280 ! bile duct
xref: VHOG:0000212 ! bile duct
xref: MA:0000354 ! bile duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Bile_Duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCds5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000134 ! bile duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCds5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! bile duct
xref: EHDAA2:0000741 ! hepatic duct (also: UBERON:0005171 'hepatic duct')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png/200px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png
xref: MESH:A03.159.183 ! bile duct
xref: EV:0100091 ! bile duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: channel_for UBERON:0001970 ! bile
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008835 {source="XAO"} ! hepatic diverticulum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001173 {source="MA"} ! biliary tree
relationship: has_part CL:0000168 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7769", source="PMID:16417468"} ! insulin secreting cell
xref: AAO:0011019 ! bile duct
xref: SCTID:276157007 ! Entire bile duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png
synonym: "biliary duct" RELATED [FMA:9706]
property_value: external_definition "Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000212", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bile+duct", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000212", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1053/ax.2000.7133 Crawshaw GJ\, Weinkle TK\, Clinical and pathological aspects of the amphibian liver. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0005400

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005171
name: hepatic duct
def: "The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine[ZFA]." [GO:0061011]
comment: TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: MA:0000357 ! hepatic duct
xref: EHDAA2:0000741 ! hepatic duct (also: UBERON:0002394 'bile duct')
xref: EHDAA:3049 ! hepatic duct
xref: VHOG:0000219 ! hepatic duct
xref: galen:HepaticDuct
xref: TAO:0001100 ! hepatic duct
xref: ZFA:0001100 ! hepatic duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWo8WJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hepatic duct
xref: EMAPA:16843 ! hepatic duct of liver and biliary system
xref: EMAPA:18672 ! hepatic duct of left of lobe of liver
is_a: UBERON:0002394 ! bile duct
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002107 ! liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001173 ! biliary tree
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Duct ! Hepatic Duct
xref: SCTID:245399002 ! Entire hepatic duct
property_value: external_definition "A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001100", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000219", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+duct", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0917710

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001175
name: common hepatic duct
def: "Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]." [Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct, ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hepatic duct" RELATED []
xref: FMA:14668 ! Common hepatic duct
xref: GAID:286 ! common hepatic duct
xref: VHOG:0000220 ! common hepatic duct
xref: MA:0002660 ! common hepatic duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Common_Hepatic_Duct ! Common Hepatic Duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg/200px-Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg
xref: EMAPA:19101 ! common of extrahepatic part of hepatic duct of liver and biliary system
xref: MESH:A03.159.183.079.600 ! common hepatic duct
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010081 {evidence="definitional"} ! future common hepatic duct
is_a: UBERON:0003703 {source="FMA"} ! extrahepatic bile duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005604 {source="MA"} ! hepatic duct extrahepatic part
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001176 {source="Wikipedia"} ! right hepatic duct
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001177 {source="Wikipedia"} ! left hepatic duct
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001970 ! bile
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0001174 ! common bile duct
xref: SCTID:245403006 ! Entire common hepatic duct
synonym: "ductus hepaticus communis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000220", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0019149

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003703
name: extrahepatic bile duct
def: "Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct." [MESH:A03.159.183.079]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "extrahepatic biliary system" RELATED [GAID:281]
synonym: "bile duct extrahepatic part" RELATED [MA:0002659]
synonym: "extrahepatic biliary system" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002659 ! bile duct extrahepatic part
xref: FMA:14678 ! Extrahepatic bile duct
xref: GAID:281 ! extrahepatic bile duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Extrahepatic_Bile_Duct ! Extrahepatic Bile Duct
xref: MESH:A03.159.183.079 ! extrahepatic bile duct
is_a: UBERON:0002394 ! bile duct
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002107 ! liver
xref: SCTID:276158002 ! Entire extrahepatic bile duct
xref: UMLS:C0206187

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003704
name: intrahepatic bile duct
def: "Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct." [MESH:A03.159.183.158]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bile duct intrahepatic part" EXACT [MA:0001630]
synonym: "intrahepatic biliary system" RELATED []
xref: MA:0001630 ! bile duct intrahepatic part
xref: FMA:15766 ! Intrahepatic bile duct
xref: GAID:287 ! intrahepatic bile duct
xref: ZFA:0005169 ! intrahepatic bile duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Intrahepatic_Bile_Duct ! Intrahepatic Bile Duct
xref: MESH:A03.159.183.158 ! intrahepatic bile duct
is_a: UBERON:0002394 {source="FMA"} ! bile duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002107 {source="MA"} ! liver
intersection_of: UBERON:0002394 ! bile duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver
xref: SCTID:362193005 ! Entire intrahepatic bile duct
xref: TAO:0005169 ! intrahepatic bile duct
property_value: external_definition "Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005169", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0005401

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004058
name: biliary ductule
def: "One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]" [MP:0009494, BTO:0002840]
comment: ZFIN: Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) // 
xref: BTO:0002840 ! bile ductule
xref: ZFA:0005164 ! bile ductule
synonym: "bile capillary" RELATED  [BTO:0002840]
synonym: "biliary ductule" RELATED  [BTO:0002840]
synonym: "cholangiole" RELATED  [BTO:0002840]
synonym: "bile ductule" EXACT [BTO:0002840]
synonym: "biliary ductule" EXACT [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?ductuli+biliferi]
synonym: "ductuli biliferi" EXACT [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?ductuli+biliferi]
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002394 {source="BTO"} ! bile duct
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001175 ! common hepatic duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver
xref: TAO:0005164 ! bile ductule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001282
name: intralobular bile duct
def: "The Canals of Hering, or intrahepatic bile ductules, are part of the outflow system of exocrine bile product from the liver." [Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering]
comment: Editor notes: Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "canal of Herring" EXACT  [FMA:17545]
synonym: "cholangiole" EXACT  [FMA:17545]
synonym: "canal of Hering" RELATED []
synonym: "cholangiole" EXACT []
synonym: "canals of Hering" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering]
synonym: "duct of Herring" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering]
synonym: "intrahepatic bile ductule" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canals_of_Hering]
xref: FMA:17545 ! Intralobular bile duct
xref: MA:0002669 ! intralobular bile duct
is_a: UBERON:0003704 {source="FMA"} ! intrahepatic bile duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004647 {source="FMA"} ! liver lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001172 {source="FMA"} ! hepatic acinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Canal_of_Hering ! Canal of Hering
xref: SCTID:269922006 ! Entire intralobular bile duct
xref: SCTID:227002 ! Canal of Hering
xref: UMLS:C0227517

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001246
name: interlobular bile duct
def: "the canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad." [MP:0009500]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:15767 ! Interlobular bile duct
xref: MA:0002668 ! interlobular bile duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Bile_Duct ! Interlobular Bile Duct
is_a: UBERON:0003704 {source="FMA"} ! intrahepatic bile duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001279 {source="FMA"} ! portal triad
xref: SCTID:83488001 ! Structure of interlobular bile duct
xref: UMLS:C0227515

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001174 ! common bile duct
name: common bile duct
def: "a tube-like anatomic structure in the human gastrointestinal tract. It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct (from the gall bladder). It is later joined by the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of Vater. There, the two ducts are surrounded by the muscular sphincter of Oddi." [Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ductus choledochus (biliaris)" EXACT []
synonym: "ductus choledochus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct]
xref: EHDAA:3981 ! common bile duct
xref: FMA:14667 ! Common bile duct
xref: GAID:282 ! common bile duct
xref: galen:CommonBileDuct
xref: VHOG:0000214 ! common bile duct
xref: MA:0001631 ! common bile duct
xref: ZFA:0005165 ! common bile duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Common_Bile_Duct ! Common Bile Duct
xref: EHDAA2:0000303 ! common bile duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png/200px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png
xref: EMAPA:17201 ! common bile duct
xref: MESH:A03.159.183.079.300 ! common bile duct
is_a: UBERON:0003703 ! extrahepatic bile duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001173 ! biliary tree
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001970 ! bile
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0001064 ! main pancreatic duct
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001152 ! cystic duct
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001175 ! common hepatic duct
xref: SCTID:362199009 ! Entire common bile duct
xref: TAO:0005165 ! common bile duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png
property_value: external_definition "Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005165", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:Curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000214", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0009437

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001176
name: right hepatic duct
def: "The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct." [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26034]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "ductus hepaticus dexter" RELATED LATIN []
xref: EHDAA:3992 ! right hepatic duct
xref: FMA:14669 ! Right hepatic duct
xref: VHOG:0000217 ! right hepatic duct
xref: MA:0001639 ! right hepatic duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Hepatic_Duct ! Right Hepatic Duct
xref: EHDAA2:0001727 ! right hepatic duct
xref: EMAPA:19100 ! right of extrahepatic part of hepatic duct of liver and biliary system
xref: EMAPA:18305 ! right of intrahepatic part of hepatic duct of liver and biliary system
intersection_of: UBERON:0003703 ! extrahepatic bile duct
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001114 ! right lobe of liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005171 ! hepatic duct
xref: SCTID:245401008 ! Entire right hepatic duct
property_value: external_definition "The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000217", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0227557

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001177
name: left hepatic duct
def: "The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct." [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26035]
synonym: "ductus hepaticus sinister" RELATED LATIN []
xref: EHDAA:3990 ! left hepatic duct
xref: FMA:14670 ! Left hepatic duct
xref: VHOG:0000218 ! left hepatic duct
xref: MA:0001638 ! left hepatic duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Hepatic_Duct ! Left Hepatic Duct
xref: EHDAA2:0000941 ! left hepatic duct
xref: EMAPA:19099 ! left of extrahepatic part of hepatic duct of liver and biliary system
xref: EMAPA:18304 ! left of intrahepatic part of hepatic duct of liver and biliary system
intersection_of: UBERON:0003703 ! extrahepatic bile duct
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001115 ! left lobe of liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005171 ! hepatic duct
xref: SCTID:245400009 ! Entire left hepatic duct
property_value: external_definition "The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000218", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0227560

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001283
name: bile canaliculus
def: "Fine tubular canals running between liver cells, throughout the parenchyma, usually occurring singly between each adjacent pair of cells, and forming a three-dimensional network of polyhedral meshes, with a single cell in each mesh[BTO]. A thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes. The bile canaliculi merge and form bile ductules, which eventually become common hepatic duct. Hepatocytes are polyhedral in shape, therefore having no set shape or design. They have surfaces facing the sinusoids, (called sinusoidal faces) and surfaces which contact other hepatocytes, (called lateral faces). Bile canaliculi are formed by grooves on some of the lateral faces of these hepatocytes. Microvilli are present in the canaliculi but are sparse. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Bile_canaliculus, BTO:0002841]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bile capillary" RELATED [BTO:0002841]
synonym: "biliary canaliculus" RELATED [BTO:0002841]
synonym: "bile canaliculi" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Bile_canaliculus]
xref: FMA:17547 ! Bile canaliculus
xref: MA:0002495 ! bile canaliculus
xref: ZFA:0005163 ! bile canaliculus
xref: ncithesaurus:Bile_Canaliculus ! Bile Canaliculus
xref: BTO:0002841 ! bile canaliculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gray1094.png/200px-Gray1094.png
xref: MESH:A03.159.183.158.125 ! bile canaliculi
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004647 {source="FMA"} ! liver lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005452 {source="FMA"} ! hepatic plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001172 {source="FMA"} ! hepatic acinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002394 {source="BTO"} ! bile duct
xref: SCTID:270023005 ! Entire bile canaliculus
xref: TAO:0005163 ! bile canaliculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Gray1094.png
xref: UMLS:C0005393

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001182
name: superior mesenteric artery
def: "In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior mesenteric arterial tree" EXACT []
synonym: "arteria mesenterica superior" RELATED [BTO:0002303]
xref: EHDAA:3358 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: EHDAA:5313 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: FMA:14749 ! Superior mesenteric artery
xref: GAID:502 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: VHOG:0000754 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: MA:0002005 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Mesenteric_Artery ! Superior Mesenteric Artery
xref: BTO:0002303 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: galen:SuperiorMesentericArtery ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwE5KipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001949 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gray1099.png/200px-Gray1099.png
xref: EMAPA:18619 ! superior of mesenteric artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.565.755 ! superior mesenteric artery
is_a: UBERON:0005616 {source="MA"} ! mesenteric artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
xref: SCTID:362048004 ! Entire superior mesenteric artery
synonym: "arteria mesenterica superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Superior_mesenteric_a.gif
xref: UMLS:C0162861

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001183
name: inferior mesenteric artery
def: "In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery, often abbreviated as IMA, supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "IMA" BROAD ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "inferior mesenteric arterial tree" EXACT []
synonym: "arteria mesenterica inferior" RELATED [BTO:0002302]
synonym: "arteria mesenterica inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery]
xref: EHDAA:4345 ! inferior mesenteric artery
xref: FMA:14750 ! Inferior mesenteric artery
xref: GAID:501 ! inferior mesenteric artery
xref: galen:InferiorMesentericArtery
xref: VHOG:0001116 ! inferior mesenteric artery
xref: MA:0002004 ! inferior mesenteric artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-t-S5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Mesenteric_Artery ! Inferior Mesenteric Artery
xref: BTO:0002302 ! inferior mesenteric artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-t-S5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! inferior mesenteric artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000817 ! inferior mesenteric artery
xref: EMAPA:18618 ! inferior of mesenteric artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.565.510 ! inferior mesenteric artery
is_a: UBERON:0005616 {source="MA"} ! mesenteric artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
xref: SCTID:181341006 ! Entire inferior mesenteric artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Gray538.png
xref: UMLS:C0162860

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001184
name: renal artery
def: "One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Renal_artery]
comment: Editor notes: renal arteries vary widely even in humans. Sub-structures should be checked for taxon variability.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "renal arterial tree" EXACT []
synonym: "renal arteries" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: BTO:0001165
xref: EHDAA:5321 ! renal artery
xref: EHDAA:8594 ! renal artery
xref: FMA:14751 ! Renal artery
xref: GAID:507 ! renal artery
xref: MA:0002035 ! renal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000420 ! renal artery
xref: ZFA:0000420 ! renal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Artery ! Renal Artery
xref: EFO:0002552 ! renal artery
xref: galen:RenalArtery ! renal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! renal artery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001600 ! renal artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray1120.png/200px-Gray1120.png
xref: EMAPA:17862 ! renal artery of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:28373 ! renal artery of renal arterial system
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.745 ! renal artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia", notes="dorsal aorta in Kardong"} ! abdominal aorta
xref: AAO:0010223 ! renal artery
xref: EHDAA2:0004100 ! renal artery
xref: SCTID:181339005 ! Entire renal artery
synonym: "arteria renalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Renal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Gray1120.png
property_value: external_definition "Artery which supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010223", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia]" xsd:string {ontology="Wikipedia", source="Wikipedia:Renal_artery"}
xref: UMLS:C0035065

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001185
name: right renal artery
def: "Renal artery that supplies the right kidney" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: The right [renal artery] passes behind the inferior vena cava, the right renal vein, the head of the pancreas, and the descending part of the duodenum[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "right renal arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14752 ! Right renal artery
xref: MA:0002037 ! right renal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0KgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Renal_Artery ! Right Renal Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0KgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! right renal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right renal artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray1120.png/200px-Gray1120.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0001184 ! renal artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0004539 ! right kidney
xref: SCTID:36800007 ! Entire right renal artery
xref: UMLS:C0226332

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001186
name: left renal artery
def: "Renal artery that supplies the left kidney" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: The left [renal artery] is somewhat higher than the right; it lies behind the left renal vein, the body of the pancreas and the splenic vein, and is crossed by the inferior mesenteric vein[WP]
synonym: "left renal arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14753 ! Left renal artery
xref: MA:0002036 ! left renal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0agEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Renal_Artery ! Left Renal Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0agEEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! left renal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! left renal artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001184 ! renal artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0004538 ! left kidney
xref: SCTID:19215005 ! Entire left renal artery
xref: UMLS:C0226333

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010192 ! genital artery
name: genital artery
def: "One of the laterally paired arteries that supply the gonads." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Gonadal_artery]
synonym: "gonadal artery" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia"} ! abdominal aorta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001187
name: testicular artery
def: "The testicular artery (the male gonadal artery, also called the internal spermatic arteries in older texts) is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the testis. It is a paired artery, with one for each of the testes. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian artery. Because the testis is found in a different location than that of its female equivalent, it has a different course than the ovarian artery. They are two slender vessels of considerable length, and arise from the front of the aorta a little below the renal arteries. Each passes obliquely downward and lateralward behind the peritoneum, resting on the Psoas major, the right spermatic lying in front of the inferior vena cava and behind the middle colic and ileocolic arteries and the terminal part of the ileum, the left behind the left colic and sigmoid arteries and the iliac colon. Each crosses obliquely over the ureter and the lower part of the external iliac artery to reach the abdominal inguinal ring, through which it passes, and accompanies the other constituents of the spermatic cord along the inguinal canal to the scrotum, where it becomes tortuous, and divides into several branches. Two or three of these accompany the ductus deferens, and supply the epididymis, anastomosing with the artery of the ductus deferens; others pierce the back part of the tunica albuginea, and supply the substance of the testis. The internal spermatic artery supplies one or two small branches to the ureter, and in the inguinal canal gives one or two twigs to the Cremaster. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Testicular_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "testicular arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14758 ! Testicular artery
xref: MA:0002063 ! testicular artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray531.png/200px-Gray531.png
xref: EMAPA:18621 ! testicular artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0000473 ! testicle
xref: SCTID:244281003 ! Entire testicular artery
synonym: "arteria testicularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Testicular_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004533 ! left testicle
name: left testicle
def: "A testis that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left testis" EXACT [MA:0001746]
xref: FMA:7212 ! Left testis
xref: MA:0001746 ! left testis
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Testis ! Left Testis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000473 ! testis
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:367720001 ! Entire left testis
xref: UMLS:C0227998

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004534 ! right testicle
name: right testicle
def: "A testis that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right testis" EXACT [MA:0001747]
xref: FMA:7211 ! Right testis
xref: MA:0001747 ! right testis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjM25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Testis ! Right Testis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000473 ! testis
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:367719007 ! Entire right testis
xref: UMLS:C0227997

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001189
name: left testicular artery
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "left spermatic artery" EXACT []
synonym: "trunk of left testicular arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14760 ! Left testicular artery
xref: MA:0002041 ! left spermatic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Spermatic_Artery ! Left Spermatic Artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001187 ! testicular artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0004533 ! left testicle
relationship: supplies UBERON:0001223 ! left ureter
def: "A testicular artery that supplies a left testicle." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0734077

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001188
name: right testicular artery
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "right spermatic artery" EXACT []
synonym: "trunk of right testicular arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14759 ! Right testicular artery
xref: MA:0002042 ! right spermatic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Spermatic_Artery ! Right Spermatic Artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001187 ! testicular artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0004534 ! right testicle
relationship: supplies UBERON:0001222 ! right ureter
def: "A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0734076

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001190
name: ovarian artery
def: "In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdominal cavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ovarian arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14761 ! Ovarian artery
xref: MA:0002012 ! ovarian artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Artery ! Ovarian Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOa9PZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ovarian artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gray1170.png/200px-Gray1170.png
xref: EMAPA:18620 ! ovarian artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
xref: SCTID:244280002 ! Entire ovarian artery
synonym: "arteria ovarica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray1170.png
xref: UMLS:C0226411

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009659
name: spermatic artery
comment: add child terms
is_a: UBERON:0010192 ! genital artery
xref: MA:0002040 ! spermatic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Spermatic_Artery ! Spermatic Artery
xref: UMLS:C0226409

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001192
name: left gastric artery
def: "In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery, and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Branches also supply the lower esophagus. The left gastric artery anastomoses with the right gastric artery, which supplies the inferior portion. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Left_gastric_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gastric artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14768 ! Left gastric artery
xref: galen:LeftGastricArtery
xref: MA:0001961 ! gastric artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Artery ! Gastric Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwMjqKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! left gastric artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray532.png/200px-Gray532.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001640 ! celiac artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
xref: SCTID:244267000 ! Entire left gastric artery
synonym: "arteria gastrica sinistra" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Left_gastric_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png
xref: UMLS:C0226299

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001193
name: hepatic artery
def: "An artery that supplies the liver." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper]
synonym: "arteria hepatica propria" EXACT LATIN []
comment: Usage notes: currently defined in a generic fashion. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:14769 ! Hepatic artery
xref: GAID:496 ! hepatic artery
xref: galen:HepaticArtery
xref: MA:0001963 ! hepatic artery
xref: ZFA:0005161 ! hepatic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Artery ! Hepatic Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzKtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hepatic artery
xref: BTO:0004307 ! hepatic artery
xref: EMAPA:17859 ! hepatic artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.407 ! hepatic artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0002107 ! liver
xref: SCTID:76015000 ! Hepatic artery
xref: TAO:0005161 ! hepatic artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Common_and_proper_hepatic_artery.png
property_value: external_definition "Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005161", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0019145

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001194
name: splenic artery
def: "In anatomy, the splenic artery (in the past called the lienal artery) is the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Splenic_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lienal artery" EXACT [MA:0001991]
synonym: "arteria splenica" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Splenic_artery]
synonym: "arteria lienalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Splenic_artery]
xref: FMA:14773 ! Splenic artery
xref: GAID:510 ! splenic artery
xref: MA:0001991 ! lienal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0cb2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Artery ! Splenic Artery
xref: galen:SplenicArtery ! splenic artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0cb2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lienal artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Gray1188.png/200px-Gray1188.png
xref: EMAPA:19216 ! splenic artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.814 ! splenic artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001640 ! celiac artery
xref: SCTID:244266009 ! Entire splenic artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Gray1188.png
xref: UMLS:C0037996

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001196
name: middle colic artery
def: "The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers’ breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:14810 ! Middle colic artery
xref: MA:0002007 ! middle colic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Colic_Artery ! Middle Colic Artery
xref: galen:MiddleColicArtery ! middle colic artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gray537.png/200px-Gray537.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001182 ! superior mesenteric artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
xref: SCTID:244276007 ! Entire middle colic artery
synonym: "arteria colica media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Gray537.png
xref: UMLS:C0226328

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001197
name: ileocolic artery
def: "The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:14815 ! Ileocolic artery
xref: galen:IleocolicArtery
xref: MA:0001970 ! ileocolic artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001182 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Ileo-colic_Artery ! Ileo-Colic Artery
xref: SCTID:244279000 ! Entire ileocolic artery
synonym: "arteria ileocolica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Gray536.png
xref: UMLS:C0226323

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001198
name: superior suprarenal artery
def: "Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_suprarenal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior adrenal branch of inferior phrenic artery" EXACT []
synonym: "superior suprarenal branch of inferior phrenic artery" EXACT []
synonym: "arteriae suprarenales superiores" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_suprarenal_artery]
xref: FMA:14863 ! Superior suprarenal artery
xref: MA:0002057 ! superior suprarenal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Suprarenal_Artery ! Superior Suprarenal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray1121.png/200px-Gray1121.png
is_a: UBERON:0005624 ! suprarenal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0012255 ! inferior phrenic artery
xref: SCTID:303424001 ! Entire superior suprarenal artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png
xref: UMLS:C0580876

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001199
name: mucosa of stomach
def: "The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general epithelial lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gastric mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "mucous membrane of stomach" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica mucosa (gaster)" EXACT []
synonym: "mucosa of organ of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Magenschleimhaut" RELATED [BTO:0001308]
synonym: "tunica mucosa gastris" RELATED [BTO:0001308]
xref: BTO:0001308
xref: FMA:14907 ! Mucosa of stomach
xref: GAID:321 ! gastric mucosa
xref: galen:GastricMucosa
xref: MA:0002683 ! stomach mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Mucosa ! Gastric Mucosa
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8NhB4rvcD6KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gastric mucosa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Illu_stomach2.jpg/200px-Illu_stomach2.jpg
xref: MESH:A03.492.766.440 ! gastric mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001167 ! wall of stomach
relationship: capable_of GO:0001696 ! gastric acid secretion
synonym: "tunica mucosa gastricae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14907]
xref: SCTID:362131005 ! Entire gastric mucous membrane
synonym: "tunica mucosa gastris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Illu_stomach2.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0017136

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001200
name: submucosa of stomach
def: "A submucosa that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "gastric submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "tela submucosa (gaster)" EXACT []
synonym: "submucosa of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14908 ! Submucosa of stomach
xref: MA:0002685 ! stomach submucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Submucosa ! Gastric Submucosa
xref: BTO:0002110 ! tela submucosa gastris
is_a: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001167 ! wall of stomach
xref: SCTID:52459002 ! Gastric submucosa
xref: UMLS:C0227211

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001201
name: serosa of stomach
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a wall of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
synonym: "gastric serosa" RELATED []
synonym: "serous coat of stomach" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica serosa (gaster)" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of stomach" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of gastric wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of stomach wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of wall of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of gastric wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of stomach wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of wall of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of stomach serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of stomach serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of stomach serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of anatomical wall of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of stomach anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of ventriculus wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of wall of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of ventriculus wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of wall of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach anatomical wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach anatomical wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus anatomical wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of ventriculus serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of ventriculus serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14914 ! Serosa of stomach
xref: MA:0001626 ! stomach serosa
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001167 ! wall of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001167 ! wall of stomach
synonym: "tunica serosa gastricae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14914]
xref: SCTID:1353004 ! Gastric serosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Serosal_Surface ! gastric serosal surface
xref: UMLS:C1517453

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001203
name: muscularis mucosae of stomach
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(gaster)" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina muscularis of gastric mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "muscular coat of stomach" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14924 ! Muscularis mucosae of stomach
xref: MA:0002684 ! stomach muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001199 ! mucosa of stomach
synonym: "tunica muscularis gastricae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14924]
xref: SCTID:64551004 ! Lamina muscularis of gastric mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Muscularis_Mucosa ! gastric muscularis mucosa
def: "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a mucosa of stomach." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0227200

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001204
name: mucosa of small intestine
def: "A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "mucous membrane of small intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestinal mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue)" EXACT []
synonym: "mucosa of organ of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001259
xref: FMA:14933 ! Mucosa of small intestine
xref: MA:0002686 ! small intestine mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Mucosa ! Small Intestinal Mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001168 ! wall of small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
synonym: "tunica mucosa intestini tenuis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14933]
xref: SCTID:362144000 ! Entire small intestine mucous membrane
xref: UMLS:C0227261

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001205
name: submucosa of small intestine
def: "submucosal tissue in the small intestines." [Wikipedia:Small_intestinal_submucosa]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "small intestinal submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "tela submucosa (intestinum tenue)" EXACT []
synonym: "small bowel submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tela submucosa intestini tenuis" EXACT LATIN [BTO:0002112]
xref: FMA:14934 ! Submucosa of small intestine
xref: MA:0001562 ! small intestine submucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Submucosa ! Small Intestinal Submucosa
is_a: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001168 ! wall of small intestine
xref: SCTID:691000 ! Small intestine submucosa
xref: BTO:0002112 ! tela submucosa intestini tenuis
xref: UMLS:C0227268

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001206
name: serosa of small intestine
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Histology notes: duodenum, 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia
synonym: "serous coat of small intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestinal serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica serosa (intestinum tenue)" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of small intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "serosa of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14938 ! Serosa of small intestine
xref: MA:0001558 ! small intestine serosa
is_a: UBERON:0001243 ! serosa of intestine
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001168 ! wall of small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001243 ! serosa of intestine
synonym: "tunica serosa intestini tenuis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14938]
xref: SCTID:8266009 ! Small intestine serosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001207
name: mucosa of large intestine
def: "A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "large intestinal mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "mucous membrane of large intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14969 ! Mucosa of large intestine
xref: MA:0002688 ! large intestine mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Mucosa ! Large Intestinal Mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001169 ! wall of large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
synonym: "tunica mucosa intestini crassi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14969]
xref: UMLS:C0734203

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001208
name: submucosa of large intestine
def: "A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "large intestinal submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine submucosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14970 ! Submucosa of large intestine
xref: MA:0002690 ! large intestine submucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Submucosa ! Large Intestinal Submucosa
xref: BTO:0002111 ! tela submucosa intestini crassi
is_a: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001169 ! wall of large intestine
xref: UMLS:C0734204

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001209
name: serosa of large intestine
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
synonym: "large intestinal serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "serous coat of large intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of large intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14975 ! Serosa of large intestine
xref: MA:0001546 ! large intestine serosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Serosal_Surface ! large intestinal serosal surface
is_a: UBERON:0001243 ! serosa of intestine
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001169 ! wall of large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001243 ! serosa of intestine
synonym: "tunica serosa intestini crassi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14975]
xref: UMLS:C1517727

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001210
name: muscularis mucosae of small intestine
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(intestinum tenue)" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina muscularis of small intestine mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15051 ! Muscularis mucosae of small intestine
xref: MA:0002687 ! small intestine muscularis mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Muscularis_Mucosa ! Small Intestinal Muscularis Mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001204 ! mucosa of small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001240 ! muscularis mucosae of intestine
xref: SCTID:36401004 ! Lamina muscularis of small intestine mucous membrane
def: "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a small intestine." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0227262

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012494
name: muscularis mucosae of duodenum
synonym: "lamina muscularis of duodenal mucous membrane" EXACT  [FMA:15059]
synonym: "lamina muscularis of duodenum" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
is_a: UBERON:0006676 {source="FMA"} ! muscularis mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000320 {source="FMA"} ! duodenal mucosa
xref: FMA:15059 ! muscularis mucosae of duodenum
xref: EMAPA:27259 ! muscularis mucosa of mucosa of duodenum of gut
xref: SCTID:37457002 ! Lamina muscularis of duodenal mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012497
name: muscularis mucosae of rectum
synonym: "lamina muscularis of rectal mucosa" EXACT  [FMA:15687]
synonym: "lamina muscularis of rectal mucous membrane" EXACT  [FMA:15687]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003346 {source="FMA"} ! mucosa of rectum
xref: FMA:15687 ! muscularis mucosae of rectum
xref: EMAPA:27343 ! muscularis mucosa of mucosa of rectum of gut
xref: SCTID:53420003 ! Lamina muscularis of rectal mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001212
name: duodenal gland
def: "compound tubular submucosal glands found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Brunner's_glands]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Brunner's gland" EXACT  [FMA:15060]
synonym: "gland of Brunner" EXACT  [FMA:15060]
synonym: "glandula duodenales" RELATED [BTO:0002376]
synonym: "glandula duodenales Brunneri" RELATED [BTO:0002376]
xref: FMA:15060 ! Duodenal gland
xref: GAID:314 ! brunner's gland
xref: MA:0001551 ! brunner's gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Brunner_s_Gland ! Brunner's Gland
xref: BTO:0002376 ! duodenal gland
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.620.270.322 ! brunner's gland
is_a: UBERON:0011148 {notes="compound tubular"} ! submucosal gland
relationship: secretes UBERON:0000912 ! mucus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 {source="MA-inferred"} ! exocrine system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003332 {source="FMA"} ! submucosa of duodenum
xref: SCTID:41298001 ! Duodenal gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0006323

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001213 ! intestinal villus
name: intestinal villus
alt_id: UBERON:0007607
def: "Tiny, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall[WP]" [Wikipedia:Intestinal_villus]
comment: Editor notes: in mammals, villi are (largely?) absent from the large intestine, so we treat this as equivalent to small intestinal villus. small/large subdivision may not make sense for all speciesi for which this is present (see ZFA). Note that VHOG quotes ISBN:978-0030223693 as suggesting there are some villi in the large intestine.  AO Notes: the BTO class refers to a generic villous
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue)" EXACT  [FMA:15072]
synonym: "villus" EXACT [BTO:0003121]
synonym: "intestinal villi" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0005125]
synonym: "intestinal villus layer" RELATED  []
synonym: "villi intestinales" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "enteric villi" EXACT PLURAL [HP:0011473]
synonym: "enteric villous" EXACT [HP:0011473]
synonym: "enteric villus" EXACT [HP:0011473]
synonym: "small intestine villus" RELATED [MA:0001563]
xref: FMA:15072 ! Intestinal villus
xref: TAO:0005125 ! intestinal villus
xref: ZFA:0005125 ! intestinal villus
xref: BTO:0003121 ! villus
xref: MA:0001563 ! small intestine villus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/200px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001204 {source="FMA", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="may be present in other parts in other species"} ! mucosa of small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001277 {source="ZFA"} ! intestinal epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Villus ! Villus
xref: SCTID:23230007 ! Intestinal villus
synonym: "villi intestinales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intestinal_villus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The entire digestive tract is lined by well developed villi, which are longest in the intestinal bulb and decrease progressively in size towards the caudal end of the intestine. No crypts are present, but,  the regions between the villi, the intervillus pockets, have a crypt-like function. Cells are produced in the intervillus pockets and  shed from the villus tips. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005125", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C1519988

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012423
name: layer of microvilli
def: "A layer of microvilli, Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments[GO,modified]" [Wikipedia:Microvillus, GO:0005902]
comment: AO notes: FMA class represents an individual microvillus.
xref: FMA:67296 ! microvillus
xref: ncithesaurus:Microvillus ! microvillus
xref: MESH:A11.284.180.565 ! microvilli
synonym: "microvillus" RELATED [FMA:67296]
synonym: "microvilli" RELATED  [MESH:A11.284.180.565]
is_a: UBERON:0005162 ! multi cell component structure
relationship: composed_primarily_of GO:0005902 ! microvillus
xref: UMLS:C0026049

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012424
name: brush border layer
def: "the microvilli-covered surface of simple cuboidal epithelium and simple columnar epithelium cells found in certain locations of the body. Found in small intestine and kidney" [Wikipedia:Brush_border]
comment: AO notes: FMA class represents an individual microvillus
is_a: UBERON:0012423 ! layer of microvilli
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
xref: FMA:70977 ! brush border
synonym: "brush border" RELATED [FMA:70977]
synonym: "brush border membrane" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brush_border]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012425
name: striated border microvillus layer
comment: AO notes: FMA class represents an individual microvillus
is_a: UBERON:0012423 ! layer of microvilli
xref: FMA:70978 ! striated border
synonym: "striated border" RELATED [FMA:70978]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012426
name: short microvillus layer
comment: AO notes: FMA class represents an individual microvillus
is_a: UBERON:0012423 ! layer of microvilli
xref: FMA:70979 ! short microvillus
synonym: "short microvillus" RELATED [FMA:70979]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012427
name: intestinal brush border
synonym: "brush border microvillus later of intestine" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012424 ! brush border layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012428
name: proximal convoluted tubule brush border
intersection_of: UBERON:0012424 ! brush border layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001287 ! proximal convoluted tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001214
name: pancreatic tributary of splenic vein
def: "The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pancreatic_vein]
comment: AO notes: see also  MA:0002165 ! lieno-pancreatic vein
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pancreatic vein" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15388 ! Pancreatic tributary of splenic vein
xref: MA:0002189 ! pancreatic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Vein ! Pancreatic Vein
is_a: UBERON:0002017 ! portal vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0003713 {source="FMA/obol"} ! splenic vein
xref: SCTID:264492008 ! Entire pancreatic vein
xref: UMLS:C0226743

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001216
name: jejunal vein
def: "The jejunal veins are tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:15402 ! Jejunal vein
xref: MA:0002153 ! jejunal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png
is_a: UBERON:0002017 {source="FMA"} ! portal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001138 {source="FMA/obol"} ! superior mesenteric vein
synonym: "venae jejunales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001217
name: ileal vein
xref: FMA:15405 ! Ileal vein
xref: MA:0002140 ! ileal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Ileal_Vein ! Ileal Vein
is_a: UBERON:0002017 ! portal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0002116 ! ileum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001138 ! superior mesenteric vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001138 {source="FMA/obol"} ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: UMLS:C1301431

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001218
name: middle colic vein
def: "The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vena colica media (intermedia)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15406 ! Middle colic vein
xref: MA:0002181 ! middle colic vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvywYIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! middle colic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png
is_a: UBERON:0002017 ! portal vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001138 ! superior mesenteric vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001138 {source="FMA/obol"} ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: SCTID:9018004 ! Entire middle colic vein
synonym: "vena colica media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001219
name: ileocolic vein
def: "The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:15408 ! Ileocolic vein
xref: MA:0002141 ! ileocolic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Ileocolic_Vein ! Ileocolic Vein
is_a: UBERON:0002017 ! portal vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001138 ! superior mesenteric vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001138 {source="FMA/obol"} ! superior mesenteric vein
xref: SCTID:36208008 ! Entire ileocolic vein
synonym: "vena ileocolica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png
xref: UMLS:C0226744

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001220
name: quadratus lumborum
def: "The Quadratus lumborum is irregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Quadratus_lumborum_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "muscle of posterior abdominal wall" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15569 ! Quadratus lumborum
xref: MA:0002362 ! quadratus lumborum
xref: ncithesaurus:Quadratus_Lumborum ! Quadratus Lumborum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvj1wcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! quadratus lumborum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gray1124.png/200px-Gray1124.png
xref: EMAPA:18524 ! quadratus lumborum
is_a: UBERON:0002378 ! muscle of abdomen
subset: organ_slim
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002414 {source="dbpedia", notes="Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae"} ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae"} ! rib
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Gray1124.png
xref: UMLS:C0224380

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001221
name: transversus abdominis muscle
def: "The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is just deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle. It is thought to be a major muscle of the functional core of the human body; although some argue that due to its small cross-sectional area, it cannot generate the forces required to be a prime core stabilizer. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus transversus abdominis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "transverse abdominal" EXACT  [FMA:15570]
synonym: "transversis abdominus" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transversalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transversalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transverse abdominal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transverse abdominal muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transverse abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transverse abdominus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transversus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transversus abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transversus abdominus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transversus abdominus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "transverse abdominal" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:8254 ! transversus abdominis
xref: FMA:15570 ! Transversus abdominis
xref: VHOG:0000845 ! transversus abdominis
xref: MA:0002396 ! transversus abdominis
xref: ncithesaurus:Transversus_Abdominis ! Transversus Abdominis
xref: EHDAA2:0002078 ! transversus abdominis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18165 ! transversus abdominis
xref: SCTID:244949003 ! Entire transversus abdominis muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006210 {source="EHDAA2"} ! body-wall mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0002461 ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006635 {source="VHOG"} ! anterior abdominal wall
synonym: "musculus transversus abdominis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15570]
synonym: "transversus abdominis" EXACT LATIN []
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg
property_value: external_definition "One of a pair of transverse abdominal muscles that is the anterolateral muscle of the abdomen, lying immediately under the internal abdominal oblique. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000845", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transversus+abdominis", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000845", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.193", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0224378

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001222
name: right ureter
def: "An ureter that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:15571 ! Right ureter
xref: MA:0001685 ! right ureter
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Ureter ! Right Ureter
intersection_of: UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:276251000 ! Entire right ureter
xref: UMLS:C0227682

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001223
name: left ureter
def: "An ureter that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:15572 ! Left ureter
xref: MA:0001684 ! left ureter
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Ureter ! Left Ureter
intersection_of: UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:276340002 ! Entire left ureter
xref: UMLS:C0227683

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001224
name: renal pelvis
def: "funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]." [Wikipedia:Renal_pelvis, MP:0004194]
comment: In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "kidney pelvis" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvis of ureter" EXACT []
synonym: "pyelum" RELATED [MP:0004194]
synonym: "p. renallis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Renal_pelvis]
xref: FMA:15575 ! Renal pelvis
xref: GAID:426 ! kidney pelvis
xref: MA:0000374 ! kidney pelvis
xref: EMAPA:17948 ! pelvis
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Pelvis ! Renal Pelvis
xref: galen:RenalPelvis ! renal pelvis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Illu_kidney2.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney2.jpg
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.537 ! kidney pelvis
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000056 {source="FMA"} ! ureter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 {source="MA"} ! kidney
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001088 ! urine
xref: SCTID:362221007 ! Entire renal pelvis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Illu_kidney2.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0227666

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010533
name: metanephros cortex
def: "The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072214]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000081 {source="VHOG"} ! metanephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005113 ! metanephric cortex mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000714 ! metanephros cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005113 ! metanephric cortex mesenchyme
name: metanephric cortex mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001140 ! metanephros cortex
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010531 {source="EHDAA2"} ! metanephros induced blastemal cells

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
name: cortex of kidney
def: "Region of parenchyma of kidney representing the outer portion.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Renal_cortex, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "kidney cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "renal cortex" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001166
xref: FMA:15581 ! Cortex of kidney
xref: GAID:424 ! kidney cortex
xref: galen:CortexOfKidney
xref: MA:0000372 ! kidney cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Cortex ! Renal Cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17952 ! renal cortex
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.324 ! kidney cortex
is_a: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008987 {source="FMA"} ! renal parenchyma
synonym: "cortex renalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15581]
xref: SCTID:362211004 ! Entire cortex of kidney
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0022655

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006517 ! kidney calyx
name: kidney calyx
def: "Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211)" [MESH:A05.810.453.537.503]
synonym: "renal calyx" EXACT [MA:0000369]
synonym: "calyx" BROAD [EMAPA:18676]
xref: MA:0000369 ! kidney calyx
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.537.503 ! kidney calice
xref: GAID:427 ! kidney calice
xref: EMAPA:18676 ! calyx
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001224 ! renal pelvis
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Calyx ! Renal Calyx
xref: SCTID:276832000 ! Entire calyx
xref: UMLS:C0022651

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001226
name: major calyx
def: "The major calyx, in the kidney, surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a papilla at the apex into a minor calyx then into major calyx before passing through the renal pelvis into the ureter. Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the pelvis and ureters to the bladder. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Major_calyx]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "major calix" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15613 ! Major calyx
xref: MA:0001644 ! major calyx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png
xref: EMAPA:18677 ! major
is_a: UBERON:0006517 ! kidney calyx
xref: SCTID:1106008 ! Entire major calyx
synonym: "calices renales majores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Major_calyx]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001227
name: minor calyx
def: "The minor calyx, in the kidney, surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a papilla at the apex into the minor calyx then into the major calyx. Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the pelvis and ureters to the bladder. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Minor_calyx]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "minor calix" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15614 ! Minor calyx
xref: MA:0001645 ! minor calyx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png
xref: EMAPA:18678 ! minor
is_a: UBERON:0006517 ! kidney calyx
xref: SCTID:26293004 ! Entire minor calyx
synonym: "calices renales minores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Minor_calyx]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001228
name: renal papilla
def: "In the kidney, the renal papilla is the location where the Medullary pyramids empty urine into the renal pelvis. Histologically it is marked by medullary collecting ducts converging to channel the fluid. Transitional epithelium begins to be seen. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Renal_papilla]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "kidney papilla" EXACT [MP:0011303]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:15622 ! Renal papilla
xref: MA:0002730 ! renal papilla
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Papilla ! Renal Papilla
xref: BTO:0003925 ! renal papilla
xref: galen:RenalPapilla ! renal papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.466 ! kidney medulla (also: UBERON:0000362 'renal medulla')
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001224 ! renal pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001294 ! inner medulla of kidney
xref: SCTID:362214007 ! Entire renal papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png
xref: UMLS:C0022666

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001229 ! renal corpuscle
name: renal corpuscle
def: "In the kidney, a renal corpuscle is the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. It consists of two structures: a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle]
comment: Together, the Bowmans capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "kidney corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle]
synonym: "corpusculum renale" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "cortical renal corpuscle" RELATED  [MA:0000376]
synonym: "malphighian corpuscle" RELATED  [MA:0000376]
synonym: "malphigian corpuscle" EXACT []
synonym: "Malpighian corpuscle" EXACT [ZFA:0005281]
synonym: "corpusculum renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle]
xref: BTO:0000333
xref: FMA:15625 ! Renal corpuscle
xref: VHOG:0001262 ! renal corpuscle
xref: MA:0000376 ! renal corpuscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Corpuscle ! Renal Corpuscle
xref: ZFA:0005281 ! renal corpuscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Renal_corpuscle.svg/200px-Renal_corpuscle.svg.png
xref: EV:0100385 ! renal corpuscle
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="ZFA"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007684 {source="FMA"} ! uriniferous tubule
xref: SCTID:361329009 ! Entire renal corpuscle
xref: EMAPA:28236 ! mature renal corpuscle
xref: TAO:0005281 ! renal corpuscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Renal_corpuscle.svg
property_value: external_definition "The part of the nephron that filters blood.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005281", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration.[XAO]" xsd:string {ontology="XAO", external_class="XAO:0000146", date_retrieved="2012-11-28", source="XAO:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney[BTO]" xsd:string {ontology="BTO", external_class="BTO:0000333", date_retrieved="2012-11-28", source="BTO:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0227635

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001230
name: glomerular capsule
def: "The Bowman's capsule is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac. Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule and further processed along the nephron to form urine. This process is known as ultrafiltration. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Bowman%27s_capsule]
comment: One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman’s capsule[GUDMAP]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "capsula glomerularis" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "capsula glomeruli" RELATED LATIN []
synonym: "Bowman's capsule" EXACT [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
synonym: "Bowmans capsule" EXACT [KUPO:0001001]
xref: FMA:15626 ! Glomerular capsule
xref: MA:0001660 ! glomerular capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray1130.svg/200px-Gray1130.svg.png
xref: ZFA:0005254 ! renal glomerular capsule
xref: ZFA:0005310 ! pronephric glomerular capsule
xref: BTO:0002297 ! renal glomerular capsule
xref: EMAPA:27973 ! Bowman's capsule of maturing renal corpuscle
xref: EMAPA:28257 ! Bowman's capsule of mature renal corpuscle
xref: KUPO:0001001 ! bowmans capsule
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001229 ! renal corpuscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004199 ! S-shaped body
relationship: has_function_in GO:0003094 {source="Wikipedia"} ! glomerular filtration
xref: AAO:0010526 ! Bowman's capsule
xref: SCTID:361331000 ! Entire glomerular capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Capsule ! Bowman Capsule
xref: TAO:0005254 ! renal glomerular capsule
xref: TAO:0005310 ! pronephric glomerular capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray1130.svg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure found in the kidney consisting of an expanded end of a kidney tubule surrounding a glomerulus and is the major site of filtration.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010526", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
synonym: "renal glomerular capsule" EXACT [TAO:0005254]
synonym: "bowman's capsule " RELATED [TAO:0005254]
synonym: "pronephric glomerular capsule" RELATED [TAO:0005310]
xref: UMLS:C0524448

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002015 ! kidney capsule
name: kidney capsule
def: "The renal capsule is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a thick layer of ' adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. The renal capsule relates to the other layers in the following order (moving from innermost to outermost): renal medulla renal cortex renal capsule perinephric fat (or 'perirenal fat') renal fascia paranephric fat (or 'pararenal fat') peritoneum (anteriorly), and transversalis fascia (posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Kidney_capsule]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "capsule of kidney" EXACT []
synonym: "fibrous capsule of kidney" EXACT [FMA:66610]
synonym: "renal capsule" EXACT [GO:0072127]
xref: FMA:66610 ! Fibrous capsule of kidney
xref: galen:CapsuleOfKidney
xref: MA:0000370 ! kidney capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18679 ! renal capsule
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001230 ! glomerular capsule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Capsule ! Renal Capsule
xref: SCTID:243657006 ! Entire fibrous capsule of kidney
xref: UMLS:C0227637

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005750
name: glomerular parietal epithelium
def: "A single layer of simple squamous epithelium in the glomerular capsule. Does not function in filtration[UBERON]. outer layer of the glomerular capsule composed of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium[MP]" [UBERON:cjm, MP:0011498]
comment: TODO - check this. BTO has podocytes under here
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "parietal capsular epithelium" EXACT  [MP:0011498]
synonym: "Bowman's parietal epithelium" EXACT  [MP:0011498]
synonym: "parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule" EXACT  [MP:0011498]
synonym: "parietal layer of Bowman's capsule" EXACT  [MP:0011498]
synonym: "parietal layer of Bowman capsule" EXACT  []
synonym: "parietal layer of glomerular capsule" EXACT  [MP:0011498]
synonym: "capsular epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0002296]
synonym: "parietal layer of glomerular capsule" EXACT [FMA:74272]
synonym: "glomerular capsule parietal layer" EXACT [FMA:74272]
synonym: "outer layer of glomerular capsule" EXACT [FMA:74272]
synonym: "renal glomerular capsule epithelium" EXACT [ZFA:0005253]
synonym: "parietal epithelial layer" EXACT [ZFA:0005253]
xref: MA:0002605 ! glomerular parietal epithelium
xref: FMA:74272 ! parietal layer of glomerular capsule
xref: BTO:0002296 ! capsular epithelium
xref: ZFA:0005253 ! renal glomerular capsule epithelium
xref: EMAPA:27979 ! parietal epithelium
xref: EMAPA:28260 ! parietal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000487 ! simple squamous epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0004188 ! glomerular epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001230 ! glomerular capsule
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001286 ! Bowman's space
xref: TAO:0005253 ! renal glomerular capsule epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Parietal_Layer_of_Bowman_s_Capsule ! parietal layer of bowman capsule
xref: SCTID:362218005 ! Entire parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
property_value: external_definition "Simple squamous epithelium that lines the capsule of the renal glomerulus.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005253", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0227645

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005751
name: visceral layer of glomerular capsule
def: "The inner, or visceral, layer of the renal glomerular capsule, overlying the capillaries, composed of podocytes, and separated from the outer, or parietal, layer by the capsular (Bowman's) space[BTO]. Lies just above the thickened glomerular basement membrane and is made of podocytes. Beneath the visceral layer lie the glomerular capillaries[WP]. inner layer of the glomerular capsule surrounding the capillary endothelial cells and composed of highly specialized epithelial cells (podocytes) that are separated by filtration slits; the visceral layer is separated from the outer parietal layer by the urinary space (also known as the Bowman's or capsular space)[MP]" [BTO:0001515, MP:0011497]
comment: TODO - check - the BTO class 'glomerular epithelium' is the visceral layer. But GO uses 'glomerular epithelium' as the mereological sum of P+V layers
subset: inconsistent_with_fma
synonym: "visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule" EXACT [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
synonym: "inner epithelial layer of Bowman's capsule" EXACT [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
synonym: "podocyte layer of Bowman's capsule" EXACT [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
synonym: "glomerular capsule visceral layer" EXACT  [MP:0011497]
synonym: "Bowman's visceral epithelium" EXACT  [MP:0011497]
synonym: "visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule" EXACT  [MP:0011497]
synonym: "visceral layer of Bowman's capsule" EXACT  [MP:0011497]
synonym: "visceral layer of glomerular capsule" EXACT  [MP:0011497]
xref: FMA:74273 ! visceral layer of glomerular capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Visceral_Layer_of_Bowman_s_Capsule ! visceral layer of bowman capsule
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001230 ! glomerular capsule
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001286 ! Bowman's space
relationship: has_part CL:0000653 ! podocyte
xref: SCTID:244093000 ! Entire visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
xref: UMLS:C0227644

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004188
name: glomerular epithelium
def: "The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros." [GO:0072010]
comment: TODO - check - GO says outer, BTO says inner. Make this a superclass
synonym: "kidney glomerular epithelium" EXACT [MA:0002847]
synonym: "epithelium of glomerulus" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelium of renal glomerulus" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelium of kidney glomerulus" EXACT []
synonym: "glomerular epithelial cell" RELATED [BTO:0001515]
xref: BTO:0001515 ! glomerular epithelium
xref: MA:0002847 ! kidney glomerular epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001286 ! Bowman's space
name: Bowman's space
def: "a narrow chalice-shaped cavity between the glomerular and capsular epithelium of the glomerular capsule of the kidney[TFD]. Between the visceral and parietal layers, into which the filtrate enters after passing through the podocytes' filtration slits[WP]. luminal region between the glomerular capsule visceral and parietal layers, into which filtrate enters after passing through the filtration barrier from the glomerular capillaries[MP]" [Wikipedia:Bowman's_space, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bowman's+space, MP:0011499]
comment: TODO - fix ZFA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bowman's space" EXACT []
synonym: "urinary space" EXACT []
synonym: "capsular space" EXACT [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bowman's+space]
synonym: "urinary space of renal corpuscle" EXACT [EMAPA:28263]
synonym: "renal capsular space" EXACT [ZFA:0005283]
synonym: "inter-glomerular space" EXACT [ZFA:0005283]
synonym: "pronephric capsular space" EXACT [ZFA:0005312]
synonym: "inter-glomerular space" EXACT [ZFA:0005312]
synonym: "glomerular urinary space" EXACT  [MP:0011499]
synonym: "glomerular capsule space" EXACT  [MP:0011499]
xref: FMA:17676 ! Bowman's space
xref: MA:0001664 ! urinary space
xref: ncithesaurus:Urinary_Space ! Urinary Space
xref: ZFA:0005283 ! renal capsular space
xref: ZFA:0005312 ! pronephric capsular space
xref: EMAPA:27985 ! urinary space of renal corpuscle of Bowman's capsule of maturing renal corpuscle
xref: EMAPA:28263 ! urinary space of renal corpuscle of Bowman's capsule of mature renal corpuscle
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001230 ! glomerular capsule
xref: SCTID:244284006 ! Entire Bowman's space
xref: TAO:0005283 ! renal capsular space
xref: TAO:0005312 ! pronephric capsular space
property_value: external_definition "Space between the renal glomerulus and the glomerular capsule.  Renal filtrate collects here then passes into the renal tubule.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005283", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Space between the renal glomerulus and the glomerular capsule.  Renal filtrate collects here then passes into the renal tubule.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005312", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "bowmanb%s space" RELATED [TAO:0005312]
xref: UMLS:C0227643

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005777
name: glomerular basement membrane
def: "The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration through the filtration slits between the podocytes, separating the blood on the inside from the filtrate on the outside. It is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas." [Wikipedia:Glomerular_basement_membrane]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "GBM" BROAD ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "glomerular filtration membrane" EXACT [ZFA:0005285]
synonym: "glomerular capillary basement membrane" EXACT [MA:0001659]
xref: FMA:74274 ! Glomerular basement membrane
xref: ZFA:0005285 ! glomerular basement membrane
xref: EMAPA:28251 ! glomerular basement membrane of glomerular tuft
xref: EMAPA:30965 ! glomerular basement membrane of maturing glomerular tuft
xref: MA:0001659 ! glomerular capillary basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0005769 ! basement membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001229 ! renal corpuscle
relationship: capable_of GO:0003094 ! glomerular filtration
xref: ncithesaurus:Glomerular_Basement_Membrane ! Glomerular Basement Membrane
xref: SCTID:243897006 ! Entire glomerular capillary basement membrane
xref: TAO:0005285 ! glomerular basement membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/PhysiologieGlom%C3%A9rulaire.png
property_value: external_definition "Membrane between the mesonephric podocytes and the renal glomerular capillaries.  It is a trilaminar structure composed of the fused basement membranes of the glomerular capillaries and basement membrane of the podocytes.  The capillary membranes touch the GBM at contact points that are separated by pores.  The membrane is semi-permeable allowing water and small molecules to pass into the renal capsular space.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005285", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-000824-1"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004188 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! glomerular epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0599297

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005787
name: lamina densa
def: "Middle layer of the glomerular basement membrane." [ZFIN:curator]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "middle layer of glomerular basement membrane" EXACT [FMA:74276]
synonym: "lamina densa of glomerular basement membrane" EXACT [FMA:74276]
xref: ZFA:0005286 ! lamina densa
xref: FMA:74276 ! middle layer of glomerular basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005777 ! glomerular basement membrane
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0005789 ! lamina rara externa
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0005788 ! lamina rara interna
xref: ncithesaurus:Lamina_Densa ! Lamina Densa
xref: TAO:0005286 ! lamina densa
xref: UMLS:C1235665

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005788 ! lamina rara interna
name: lamina rara interna
def: "Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the glomerular capillary." [ZFIN:curator]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "internal layer of glomerular basement membrane" EXACT [FMA:74277]
synonym: "lamina interna of glomerular basement membrane" EXACT [FMA:74277]
xref: ZFA:0005287 ! lamina rara interna
xref: FMA:74277 ! internal layer of glomerular basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005777 ! glomerular basement membrane
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001230 ! glomerular capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Lamina_Rara_Interna ! Lamina Rara Interna
xref: TAO:0005287 ! lamina rara interna
xref: UMLS:C1517719

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005789 ! lamina rara externa
name: lamina rara externa
def: "Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the podocytes and capsular space." [ZFIN:curator]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lamina externa of glomerular basement membrane" EXACT [FMA:74275]
synonym: "external layer of glomerular basement membrane" EXACT [FMA:74275]
xref: ZFA:0005288 ! lamina rara externa
xref: FMA:74275 ! external layer of glomerular basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005777 ! glomerular basement membrane
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001286 ! Bowman's space
xref: ncithesaurus:Lamina_Rara_Externa ! Lamina Rara Externa
xref: TAO:0005288 ! lamina rara externa
xref: UMLS:C1517718

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006553
name: renal duct
def: "A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-071029-9]
comment: in ZFA this is defined as part of mesonephros
xref: ZFA:0005289 ! renal duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: TAO:0005289 ! renal duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009201 ! nephric duct
name: nephric duct
def: "A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]." [GO:0072176]
comment: pronephric duct or mesonephric duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003060
name: pronephric duct
def: "In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pronephric_duct]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "archinephric duct" RELATED [VHOG:0000082]
xref: TAO:0000150 ! pronephric duct
xref: XAO:0000063 ! pronephric duct
xref: ZFA:0000150 ! pronephric duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Pronephric_Duct ! Pronephric Duct
xref: VHOG:0000082 ! archinephric duct (also: UBERON:0003074 'mesonephric duct')
is_a: UBERON:0009201 {source="GO"} ! nephric duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005721 {source="XAO"} ! pronephric mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011088 ! pronephric duct
xref: SCTID:361406002 ! Pronephric duct
synonym: "ductus pronephricus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pronephric_duct]
property_value: external_definition "Duct of the embryonic kidney, present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the anal region where it empties separately from, and just posterior to the anus. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000150", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000082", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000082", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.686", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1283945

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003074
name: mesonephric duct
def: "Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Mesonephric_duct, ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. Development notes: In the male the Wolffian duct persists, and forms for example the epididymis, the ductus deferens, the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle and efferent ducts.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "renal duct" RELATED []
synonym: "Wolffian duct" EXACT [Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct, ZFA:0000546, GOC:yaf]
synonym: "Leydig's duct" RELATED [Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct]
synonym: "archinephric duct" RELATED [Wikipedia:Wolffian_duct, VHOG:0000082]
xref: EMAPA:16577 ! nephric duct
xref: TAO:0000546 ! mesonephric duct
xref: XAO:0000242 ! mesonephric duct
xref: ZFA:0000546 ! mesonephric duct
xref: GAID:1315 ! wolffian duct
xref: AAO:0000637 ! Wolffian_duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesonephric_Duct ! Mesonephric Duct
xref: VHOG:0000082 ! archinephric duct (also: UBERON:0003060 'pronephric duct')
xref: EHDAA2:0001243 ! nephric duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray1109.png/200px-Gray1109.png
xref: EHDAA:1590 ! nephric duct
xref: MESH:A16.254.940 ! wolffian duct
is_a: UBERON:0009201 {source="GO"} ! nephric duct
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003060 ! pronephric duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
xref: SCTID:308800003 ! Entire mesonephric duct
synonym: "ductus mesonephricus; ductus Wolffi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mesonephric_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray1109.png
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure consisting of either of a pair of longitudinal ducts which carry urine and in males, sperm, to the cloaca.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000637", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000082", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000082", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.686", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0043204

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007684
name: uriniferous tubule
def: "functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule." [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
xref: FMA:17691 ! uriniferous tubule
is_a: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 {source="FMA"} ! kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009773 ! renal tubule
name: renal tubule
synonym: "renal tubule (generic)" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "tubule of excretory system" EXACT [UBERON:cjm, OBOL:automatic]
def: "A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis." [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GO:0061333]
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! excretory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001231
name: nephron tubule
alt_id: UBERON:0004210
def: "An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney." [GO:0072078, Wikipedia:Renal_tubule]
comment: note that in ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong", the uriniferous tubule contains the nephron, so we have a separate class, rather than using a synonym, as in MA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "renal tubule" BROAD []
synonym: "tubulus renalis" EXACT []
synonym: "kidney tubule" EXACT [GAID:433]
synonym: "uriniferous tubule" RELATED [MA:0000377]
xref: BTO:0000343
xref: GAID:433 ! kidney tubule
xref: FMA:15627 ! Renal tubule
xref: MA:0000377 ! renal tubule
xref: TAO:0001287 ! renal tubule
xref: ZFA:0001287 ! renal tubule
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Tubule ! Renal Tubule
xref: EMAPA:27782 ! renal tubule
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.560 ! kidney tubule
xref: EV:0100387 ! renal tubule
xref: EFO:0003666 ! renal tubule
is_a: UBERON:0009773 {source="GO"} ! renal tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001285 {source="ZFA", source="GO", source="MA"} ! nephron
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003918 {notes="checkme"} ! kidney mesenchyme
relationship: has_part CL:0005009 {source="ZFA"} ! renal principal cell
xref: SCTID:361332007 ! Entire renal tubule
xref: UMLS:C0022674

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
name: region of nephron tubule
comment: note - consider moving MA:0000377 renal tubule here, as it includes the various segments (proximal etc) as subclasses, not parts
synonym: "renal tubule region" EXACT  [FMA:17692]
xref: FMA:17692 ! region of renal tubule
is_a: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001231 ! nephron tubule
synonym: "region of renal tubule" RELATED [FMA:17692]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001232 ! collecting duct of renal tubule
name: collecting duct of renal tubule
def: "The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient" [GO:0072044, Wikipedia:Collecting_tubule]
comment: note that in ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong", the nephron is adjacent to the collecting tubule, consistent with FMA, but not GO. Wikipedia says: Many sources include the connecting tubule as part of the collecting duct system. However, the embryological origin is more similar to the nephron than it is to the rest of the collecting duct (which derives from the ureteric bud), and other sources therefore classify the connecting tubule with the nephron
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "collecting duct" EXACT [GO:0072044]
synonym: "collecting tubule" RELATED []
synonym: "kidney collecting duct" EXACT []
synonym: "renal collecting tubule" EXACT [FMA:15628]
synonym: "tubulus renalis colligens" EXACT []
synonym: "collecting duct system" RELATED [BTO:0000761]
synonym: "junctional tube" RELATED [Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule]
synonym: "arcuate renal tubule" RELATED [Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule]
synonym: "tubulus renalis arcuatus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule]
synonym: "kidney collecting tubule" RELATED []
xref: GAID:434 ! collecting kidney tubule
xref: FMA:15628 ! Collecting duct of renal tubule
xref: MA:0000371 ! kidney collecting duct
xref: ZFA:0005294 ! collecting duct
xref: EMAPA:28407 ! collecting duct
xref: BTO:0000761 ! collecting duct
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.560.510 ! collecting kidney tubule
xref: EV:0100391 ! renal collecting duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001285 {source="GO", notes="checkme"} ! nephron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007684 {source="FMA"} ! uriniferous tubule
xref: SCTID:28202009 ! Collecting duct
xref: TAO:0005294 ! collecting duct
property_value: external_definition "Renal duct that collects the output from renal tubules.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005294", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004737
name: metanephric collecting duct
def: "A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "collecting duct of metanephros" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0000983 ! metanephric collecting ducts
intersection_of: UBERON:0001232 ! collecting duct of renal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {source="Wikipedia-abduced"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
synonym: "metanephric collecting tubule" RELATED [VHOG:0000983]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001233
name: right adrenal gland
def: "An adrenal gland that is in the right side of the abdomen" [OBOL:automatic]
comment: in humans, the right adrenal gland is triangular shaped[WP]
synonym: "right suprarenal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "glandula suprarenalis dexter" EXACT LATIN []
xref: FMA:15629 ! Right adrenal gland
xref: MA:0000719 ! right adrenal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Adrenal_Gland ! Right Adrenal Gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: SCTID:281625001 ! Entire right adrenal gland
xref: UMLS:C0229559

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001234
name: left adrenal gland
def: "An adrenal gland that is in the left side of the abdomen" [OBOL:automatic]
comment: in humans, the left adrenal gland is semilunar shaped[WP]
synonym: "left suprarenal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "glandula suprarenalis sinister" EXACT LATIN []
xref: FMA:15630 ! Left adrenal gland
xref: MA:0000718 ! left adrenal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Adrenal_Gland ! Left Adrenal Gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: SCTID:281626000 ! Entire left adrenal gland
xref: UMLS:C0229560

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001235 ! adrenal cortex
name: adrenal cortex
def: "Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Adrenal_cortex]
comment: Taxon notes: Kardong states that mammals are the first to have distinct cortext and medulla, but this contradicts XAO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adrenal gland cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "cortex (glandula suprarenalis)" EXACT []
synonym: "cortex of adrenal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "cortex of suprarenal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "suprarenal cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "suprarenal" RELATED []
synonym: "cortex glandulae suprarenalis" RELATED [BTO:0000045]
xref: BTO:0000045
xref: EFO:0000237 ! adrenal cortex
xref: FMA:15632 ! Adrenal cortex
xref: GAID:447 ! adrenal cortex
xref: VHOG:0001481 ! adrenal gland cortex
xref: MA:0000118 ! adrenal gland cortex
xref: MAT:0000494 ! adrenal cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Cortex
xref: XAO:0000165 ! adrenal cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png
xref: EMAPA:18427 ! cortex
xref: MESH:A06.407.071.140 ! adrenal cortex
xref: EV:0100136 ! adrenal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesoderm
relationship: capable_of GO:0006705 ! mineralocorticoid synthesis
relationship: capable_of GO:0006704 ! glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
xref: AAO:0011009 ! adrenal cortex
xref: SCTID:362584002 ! Entire adrenal cortex
synonym: "cortex glandulae suprarenalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Adrenal_cortex]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png
property_value: homology_notes "All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues (medulla), but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001481", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.518 and Figure 15-9", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0001613

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001236 ! adrenal medulla
name: adrenal medulla
def: "The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, the adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Adrenal_medulla]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adrenal gland medulla" EXACT []
synonym: "chromaffin cells" RELATED []
synonym: "medulla (glandula suprarenalis)" EXACT []
synonym: "medulla of suprarenal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "suprarenal medulla" EXACT []
synonym: "medulla of adrenal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla of glandula suprarenalis" RELATED [BTO:0000049]
xref: BTO:0000049
xref: EFO:0000852 ! adrenal medulla
xref: FMA:15633 ! Adrenal medulla
xref: GAID:451 ! adrenal medulla
xref: VHOG:0001378 ! adrenal medulla
xref: MA:0000119 ! adrenal gland medulla
xref: MAT:0000495 ! adrenal medulla
xref: ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Medulla
xref: XAO:0000166 ! adrenal medulla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png
xref: EMAPA:18428 ! medulla of adrenal gland
xref: MESH:A06.224.161 ! chromaffin cell
xref: EV:0100137 ! adrenal medulla
is_a: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001235 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adrenal cortex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Kardong", source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
relationship: has_part CL:0002082 {source="FMA"} ! type II cell of adrenal medulla
relationship: has_part CL:0002083 {source="FMA"} ! type I cell of adrenal medulla 
relationship: has_part CL:1000426 ! chromaffin cell of adrenal gland
synonym: "medulla glandulae suprarenalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15633]
xref: AAO:0011010 ! adrenal medulla
xref: SCTID:362585001 ! Entire adrenal medulla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png
property_value: homology_notes "All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues (medulla), but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001378", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.518 and Figure 15-9", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0001629

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006858 ! adrenal/interrenal gland
name: adrenal/interrenal gland
def: "This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO]" [GO:0030325]
comment: Editor notes: keep this grouping class so long as it is required for GO
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "adrenal gland - interrenal gland" EXACT [VHOG:0001141]
synonym: "adrenal gland/interrenal tissue" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0001141 ! adrenal gland - interrenal gland (also: UBERON:0002369 'adrenal gland') (also: UBERON:0006856 'interrenal gland')
is_a: UBERON:0002368 ! endocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 ! intermediate mesoderm
relationship: has_part CL:0000166 ! chromaffin cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000457 ! biogenic amine secreting cell
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "adrenal - interrenal gland" RELATED [VHOG:0001141]
synonym: "suprarenal gland - interrenal gland" RELATED [VHOG:0001141]
property_value: homology_notes "All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001141", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.518 and Figure 15-9", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
name: adrenal gland
def: "Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland, BTO:0000047]
comment: Taxon notes: The origin of the adrenal gland is still controversial. It is thought to share the same origin as the kidney and gonads, derived from coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge and/or the underlying mesenchyme (Keegan and Hammer, 2002; Morohashi, 1997). We follow Kardong and state homology at the level of the cortex and medulla rather than gland as a whole
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adrenal medulla cell" RELATED []
synonym: "suprarenal gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland]
synonym: "interrenal gland" RELATED HOMOLOGY [GO:0030325]
synonym: "adrenal" RELATED [BTO:0000047]
synonym: "adrenal capsule" RELATED [BTO:0000047]
synonym: "atrabiliary capsule" RELATED [BTO:0000047]
synonym: "epinephros" RELATED [BTO:0000047]
synonym: "glandula suprarenalis" RELATED [BTO:0000047]
synonym: "suprarenal capsule" RELATED [BTO:0000047]
synonym: "epinephric gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland]
synonym: "glandula suprarenalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland]
synonym: "glandula adrenalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland]
xref: BTO:0000047
xref: EFO:0000238 ! adrenal gland
xref: FMA:9604 ! Adrenal gland
xref: GAID:446 ! adrenal gland
xref: galen:AdrenalGland
xref: MA:0000116 ! adrenal gland
xref: MAT:0000071 ! adrenal gland
xref: MIAA:0000071 ! adrenal gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYiz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000164 ! adrenal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Gland ! Adrenal Gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYiz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! adrenal gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Illu_endocrine_system.jpg/200px-Illu_endocrine_system.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18426 ! adrenal gland
xref: MESH:A06.407.071 ! adrenal gland
xref: EV:0100135 ! adrenal gland
xref: VHOG:0001141 ! adrenal gland - interrenal gland (also: UBERON:0006858 'adrenal/interrenal gland') (also: UBERON:0006856 'interrenal gland')
is_a: UBERON:0006858 ! adrenal/interrenal gland
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000926 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesoderm
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
xref: AAO:0010551 ! adrenal gland
xref: SCTID:181127006 ! Entire adrenal gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Illu_endocrine_system_New.png
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure which is found on the surface of the kidney and secretes various hormones including epinephrine, norephinephrine, aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010551", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001141", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.518 and Figure 15-9", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000949 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! endocrine system
xref: UMLS:C0001625

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006856
name: interrenal gland
def: "Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in close proximity to or imbedded in the head kidney." [BTO:0000808, doi:10.1242/dev.00427]
comment: Editor notes: check isa - not a true gland? There are two types of interrenal cells identified (1) The noradrenaline type, which contain heterogeneous vesicles with electron-dense granules located asymmetrically within the vesicular membrane. (2) The adrenaline type, in which the vesicles are smaller and contain homogenous electron-lucent granules that are separated from the vesicular membrane by a visible -- halo http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/10/2107.full
synonym: "interrenal tissue" RELATED []
synonym: "interrenal bodies" RELATED []
synonym: "interrenal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "interrenal body" RELATED [BTO:0000808]
synonym: "interrenal" RELATED [http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/10/2107.full]
xref: BTO:0000808 ! interrenal gland
xref: GAID:1227 ! interrenal gland
xref: ZFA:0001345 ! interrenal gland
xref: MESH:A13.530 ! interrenal gland
xref: VHOG:0001141 ! adrenal gland - interrenal gland (also: UBERON:0006858 'adrenal/interrenal gland') (also: UBERON:0002369 'adrenal gland')
is_a: UBERON:0006858 ! adrenal/interrenal gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006857 {source="ZFA"} ! interrenal primordium
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001235 {source="ZFA:0001345"} ! adrenal cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007132 {source="ZFA"} ! head kidney
relationship: capable_of GO:0006694 {source="doi:10.1242/dev.00427"} ! steroid biosynthetic process
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002", notes="check body vs gland"} ! neural crest
subset: organ_slim
xref: TAO:0001345 ! interrenal gland
property_value: external_definition "An epithelial  structure  consisting of steroid producing cells interposed with chromaffin cells embedded within the head kidney.  The interrenal gland is thought to be the equivalent of the mammalian adrenal cortex in zebrafish.  Hsu et al. 2003.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001345", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001141", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.518 and Figure 15-9", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006857 ! interrenal primordium
name: interrenal primordium
comment: Development notes: splanchnic mesoderm adjacent to urogenital ridge. Editor notes: consider ceding to TAO/ZFA - however, structure also present in cyclostomes
xref: TAO:0001346 ! interrenal primordium
xref: ZFA:0001346 ! interrenal primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="Obol"} ! primordium
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="ZFA"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 ! intermediate mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010074
name: chromaffin system
def: "The cells of the body which stain with chromium salts. They occur along the sympathetic nerves, in the adrenal gland, and in various other organs." [MESH:A06.224]
comment: Taxon notes: in adult cylostomes and teleosts, the interrenal bodies are separate from chromaffin bodies
synonym: "argentaffin system" RELATED  [MESH:A06.224]
synonym: "chromaffin tissue" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 {source="cjm"} ! endocrine system
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000166 ! chromaffin cell
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="CL", source="Kardong"} ! neural crest
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001236 {source="Kardong"} ! adrenal medulla
xref: MESH:A06.224 ! chromaffin system
xref: FMA:79645 ! chromaffin system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012279 ! paraganglion
name: paraganglion
def: "Small bodies containing chromaffin cells occurring outside of the adrenal medulla, most commonly near the sympathetic ganglia and in organs such as the kidney, liver, heart and gonads." [MESH:A06.224.736, Wikipedia:Paraganglion]
comment: Editors note: unrevised
synonym: "chromaffin paraganglia" RELATED PLURAL [MESH:A06.224.736]
synonym: "chromaffin paraganglion" RELATED  [MESH:A06.224.736]
synonym: "chromaffin body" RELATED  [MESH:A06.224.736]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 {source="FMA"} ! endocrine system
relationship: has_part CL:0000166 ! chromaffin cell
xref: FMA:15648 ! paraganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Paraganglion ! paraganglion
xref: SCTID:329735008 ! Entire paraganglion of extremity
xref: EMAPA:18223 ! paraganglion of Zuckerkandl
xref: MESH:A06.224.736 ! chromaffin paraganglia
xref: UMLS:C0030419
xref: CALOHA:TS-2358 ! Paraganglia chromaffin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001237
name: paraaortic body
def: "." [Wikipedia:Organ_of_Zuckerkandl]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "organ of zuckerkandl" EXACT []
synonym: "para-aortic body" RELATED []
synonym: "paraganglia of zuckerkandl" RELATED []
synonym: "paraganglion of Zuckerkandl" EXACT [EMAPA:18223]
xref: EMAPA:18223 ! paraganglion of Zuckerkandl
xref: FMA:15647 ! Paraaortic body
xref: GAID:444 ! para-aortic body
xref: MA:0001137 ! organ of zuckerkandl
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray531.png/200px-Gray531.png
xref: MESH:A06.224.636 ! para-aortic body
is_a: UBERON:0000062 {source="FMA"} ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
xref: SCTID:276159005 ! Entire paraaortic body
subset: organ_slim
xref: ncithesaurus:Paraaortic ! paraaortic region
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png
xref: UMLS:C0442134

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001238
name: lamina propria of small intestine
def: "Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine." [GOC:Obol]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of small intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina propria of mucosa of small intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine lamina propria" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel lamina propria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15651 ! Lamina propria of small intestine
xref: MA:0001554 ! small intestine lamina propria
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Lamina_Propria ! Small Intestinal Lamina Propria
is_a: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001204 ! mucosa of small intestine
xref: SCTID:63588008 ! Small intestine lamina propria
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001168 {source="reference_0000032"} ! wall of small intestine
xref: UMLS:C1711325

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011189
name: lamina propria of large intestine
synonym: "lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine" EXACT  [FMA:15654]
synonym: "large intestine lamina propria" EXACT  [FMA:15654]
synonym: "large intestinal lamina propria" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001207 {source="FMA"} ! mucosa of large intestine
xref: FMA:15654 ! lamina propria of large intestine
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Lamina_Propria
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001169 {source="reference_0000032"} ! wall of large intestine
xref: UMLS:C1708644

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001239
name: muscularis mucosae of large intestine
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lamina muscularis of large intestine mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina muscularis of large intestine mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15655 ! Muscularis mucosae of large intestine
xref: MA:0002689 ! large intestine muscularis mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Muscularis_Mucosa ! Large Intestinal Muscularis Mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001207 ! mucosa of large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001240 ! muscularis mucosae of intestine
def: "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a large intestine." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0734776

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001240
name: muscularis mucosae of intestine
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "intestine muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15691 ! Muscularis mucosae of intestine
xref: MA:0002694 ! intestine muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
def: "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a intestine." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001241
name: crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine
def: "A crypt of lieberkuhn that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "small intestinal crypt of Lieberkuhn" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine crypt of Lieberkuhn" EXACT []
synonym: "crypt of lieberkuhn of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinal gland of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinal gland of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lieberkuhn crypt of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lieberkuhn crypt of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel crypt of lieberkuhn" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel intestinal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel lieberkuhn crypt" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine crypt of lieberkuhn" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine intestinal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine lieberkuhn crypt" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15693 ! Crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine
xref: MA:0001552 ! small intestine crypt of lieberkuhn
xref: SCTID:52688008 ! Small intestinal crypt of LieberkC<hn
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Crypt_of_Lieberkuhn ! Small Intestinal Crypt of Lieberkuhn
is_a: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
xref: UMLS:C0227267

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013481
name: crypt of Lieberkuhn of ileum
synonym: "ileal crypt of Lieberkuhn" EXACT []
synonym: "ileal crypt" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001241 {source="FMA"} ! crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008344 {source="FMA"} ! intestinal villus of ileum
intersection_of: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002116 ! ileum
xref: FMA:269061 ! Crypt of Lieberkuhn of ileum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013482
name: crypt of Lieberkuhn of duodenum
synonym: "duodenal crypt of Lieberkuhn" EXACT []
synonym: "duodenal crypt" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001241 {source="FMA"} ! crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008342 {source="FMA"} ! intestinal villus of duodenum
intersection_of: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: FMA:269063 ! Crypt of Lieberkuhn of duodenum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013483
name: crypt of Lieberkuhn of jejunum
synonym: "jejunal crypt of Lieberkuhn" EXACT []
synonym: "jejunal crypt" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001241 {source="FMA"} ! crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008343 {source="FMA"} ! intestinal villus of jejunum
intersection_of: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum
xref: FMA:269065 ! Crypt of Lieberkuhn of jejunum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013485
name: crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon
synonym: "colonic crypt of lieberkuhn" EXACT  []
synonym: "colonic crypt" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000317 ! colonic mucosa
xref: SCTID:19447003 ! Colonic crypt of LieberkC<hn

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013486
name: crypt of Lieberkuhn of appendix
synonym: "appendiceal crypt of lieberkuhn" EXACT  []
synonym: "appendiceal crypt" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001154 ! vermiform appendix
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004989 ! mucosa of appendix
xref: SCTID:21512007 ! Appendiceal crypt of LieberkC<hn

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001242
name: intestinal mucosa
def: "The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479)" [MESH:A03.492.411.369]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tunica mucosa intestini" EXACT []
synonym: "intestine mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "mucosa of intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "bowel mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000642
xref: FMA:15695 ! Intestinal mucosa
xref: GAID:296 ! intestinal mucosa
xref: MA:0001537 ! intestine mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Mucosa ! Intestinal Mucosa
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.369 ! intestinal mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001262 ! wall of intestine
xref: SCTID:362080002 ! Entire intestinal mucous membrane
xref: UMLS:C0021839

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009566
name: intestinal submucosa
synonym: "submucosa of intestine" EXACT  [FMA:15696]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001262 {source="FMA"} ! wall of intestine
xref: FMA:15696 ! intestinal submucosa
def: "A submucosa that is part of a intestine." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001243
name: serosa of intestine
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
synonym: "intestinal serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "intestine serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "intestinal wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinal wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of intestinal wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of intestine wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of wall of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of intestinal wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of intestine wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of wall of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of intestine serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of intestine serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of bowel serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of intestine serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel anatomical wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel anatomical wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine anatomical wall serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine anatomical wall serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of anatomical wall of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of anatomical wall of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of bowel anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of bowel wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of intestine anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of wall of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of bowel wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of wall of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of bowel serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of bowel serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15701 ! Serosa of intestine
xref: MA:0001538 ! intestine serosa
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001262 ! wall of intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012498
name: serosa of appendix
synonym: "appendiceal serosa" EXACT  [FMA:14997]
synonym: "appendix serosa" EXACT  [FMA:14997]
synonym: "serosa of vermiform appendix" EXACT  [FMA:14997]
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of vermiform appendix" EXACT  [FMA:14997]
synonym: "appendiceal serosa" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001154 ! appendix
xref: FMA:14997 ! serosa of appendix
xref: SCTID:22488003 ! Appendiceal serosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012499
name: serosa of uterine tube
synonym: "uterine tubal serosa" EXACT  []
synonym: "serosa of fallopian tube" EXACT  [FMA:18316]
synonym: "serosa of oviduct" EXACT  [FMA:18316]
synonym: "serous coat of uterine tube" EXACT  [FMA:18316]
synonym: "tunica serosa (tuba uterina)" EXACT  [FMA:18316]
synonym: "tunica serosa tubae uterinae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "uterine tubal serosa" EXACT  [FMA:18316]
synonym: "uterine tube serosa" EXACT  [FMA:18316]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003889 ! fallopian tube
xref: FMA:18316 ! serosa of uterine tube
xref: SCTID:259593000 ! Entire uterine tubal serosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012503
name: serosa of fundus of stomach
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of fundus of stomach" EXACT  [FMA:17073]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001160 ! fundus of stomach
xref: FMA:17073 ! serosa of fundus of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001201 {source="FMA"} ! serosa of stomach
xref: EMAPA:27157 ! serosa of fundus of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27415 ! serosa of fundus of stomach of gut


[Term]
id: UBERON:0011387 ! constrictor vulvae muscle
name: constrictor vulvae muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011389 {notes="unvetted"} ! bulbospongiosus muscle
xref: MA:0002281 ! constrictor vulvae
xref: ncithesaurus:Constrictor_Vulvae ! constrictor vulvae
synonym: "constrictor vulvae" EXACT [MA:0002281]
synonym: "sphincter vaginae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulbospongiosus_muscle]
property_value: external_definition "The constrictor muscle of the labia is weakly developed in the female dog which blends dorsally with the external anal sphincter muscle and attaches to the coccygeal fascia at the level of the first and second coccygeal vertebrae. It encircles the vulva and vestibule for a distance of about 1 cm. caudal to the area where the urethra enters the vestibule. Its action is to lift the labia dorsally to facilitate intromission of the penis into the vagina. The constrictor vestibuli and vulvae are homologous to the bulbospogiosus (bulbocavernosus) muscle in the male." xsd:string {source="http://compepid.tuskegee.edu/syllabi/biomedical/Anatomy/grossanat301/chapter11.html"}
xref: SCTID:244961006 ! Sphincter vaginae
xref: UMLS:C1707495

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011388
name: male bulbospongiosus muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0011389 ! bulbospongiosus muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0011379 ! male external urethral sphincter
relationship: sexually_homologous_to UBERON:0011387 ! constrictor vulvae muscle
relationship: has_function_in GO:0043084 ! penile erection
relationship: has_function_in GO:0042713 ! sperm ejaculation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bulbospongiosus-Male.png/250px-Bulbospongiosus-Male.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011389 ! bulbospongiosus muscle
name: bulbospongiosus muscle
def: "The bulbospongiosus is the thick extrapelvic continuation of the urethralis. It originates from the perineal body (and midline raphe over corpus spongiosum in male) and inserts at the superficial perineal membrane and dorsal penile or clitoral aponeurosis. In males, the bulbospongiosus muscles are united and surround the base of the penis. They aid in emptying of urine and ejaculate from urethra. In females, these muscles are separated in the middle by the vagina and act to constrict the vaginal introitus. They can also stop the flow of blood into veins, which maintains an erection in the penis of the male and the clitoris of the female. Its nerve connection is the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)." [MURDOCH:245, Wikipedia:Bulbospongiosus_muscle]
synonym: "bulbocavernosus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulbospongiosus_muscle]
synonym: "bulbocavernosus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulbospongiosus_muscle]
synonym: "bulbocavernous" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulbospongiosus_muscle]
synonym: "bulbospongiosus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulbospongiosus_muscle]
synonym: "bulbospongiosus" EXACT [FMA:19729]
synonym: "musculus bulbospongiosus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Bulbospongiosus_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002356 ! perineum
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001367 ! external anal sphincter
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0011391 ! perineal nerve
xref: FMA:19729 ! bulbospongiosus
xref: SCTID:244972001 ! Entire bulbospongiosus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011390
name: pudendal nerve
def: "The pudendal nerve is a somatic nerve in the pelvic region that innervates the external genitalia of both sexes, as well as sphincters for the bladder and the rectum. It originates in Onuf's nucleus in the sacral region of the spinal cord." [Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve]
synonym: "internal pudendal nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve]
synonym: "pudenal nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve]
synonym: "pudendal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve]
is_a: UBERON:0002003 {source="FMA"} ! peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
xref: FMA:19037 ! pudendal nerve
xref: SCTID:181057000 ! Entire pudendal nerve
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0006867 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! anal part of perineum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011391 ! perineal nerve
name: perineal nerve
def: "a nerve arising from the pudendal nerve that supplies the perineum." [Wikipedia:Perineal_nerve]
synonym: "perineal branch of pudendal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:21866]
xref: FMA:21866 ! perineal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 {source="FMA"} ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0011390 ! pudendal nerve
xref: SCTID:303236009 ! Entire perineal nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011392
name: internal elastic membrane
def: "a layer of elastic tissue that forms the outermost part of the tunica intima of blood vessels." [Wikipedia:Internal_elastic_lamina]
synonym: "inner elastic lamina" EXACT  [FMA:68205]
synonym: "internal elastic lamina" EXACT [FMA:68205]
is_a: UBERON:0003614 {source="MA"} ! blood vessel elastic tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000476 {source="FMA"} ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002523 {source="MA"} ! tunica intima
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media
xref: FMA:68205 ! internal elastic lamina
xref: MA:0002863 ! internal elastic membrane
xref: SCTID:86405007 ! Aortic internal elastic membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Elastic_Membrane ! internal elastic membrane
xref: UMLS:C1512870

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011415
name: cutaneous trunci muscle
def: "Lying just below the skin, cutaneus trunci is one of very few cutaneus muscles. It composes of a thin sheets of muscle that spred over the body in the superficial fasciae. Their role is to twich the skin to rid of pests etc. Cuteneus muscles are found in all domestic species." [MURDOCH:2210]
comment: covers the entire body with a thin layer of muscle under the deepest layer of the skin. When an area of neuronal subluxation is stimulated with the activator, the cutaneous trunci muscle contracts and causes an involuntary reflexive spasm or "twitch" of the skin
is_a: UBERON:0006821 ! cutaneous muscle
xref: MA:0002285 ! cutaneous trunci
synonym: "cutaneous trunci" EXACT [MA:0002285]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011464
name: levator nasolabialis muscle
def: "Is a principal muscle of the lips which arises over the dorsum of the nose. It runs cranioventrally to insert partly on the wing of the nostril and partly into the lateral part of the upper lip. This muscles function includes dilation of the nostril, elevation and retraction of the upper lip. Branches of the facial nerve supply innervation to this muscle." [MURDOCH:1180]
is_a: UBERON:0006821 ! cutaneous muscle
xref: MA:0002334 ! levator nasolabialis
synonym: "levator nasolabialis" EXACT [MA:0002334]
xref: ncithesaurus:Levator_Nasolabialis ! levator nasolabialis
xref: UMLS:C1708693

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011472
name: ventral lateral sacrocaudal muscle
def: "The ventral lateral sacrocaudal is a long strong muscle consisting of numerous individual parts. Its first segment originates from the last lumbar vertebrae and the remainder from the transverse processes of the caudal vertebrae. From the segmented bellies arise long tendons which are embedded in caudal fascia. The first of these tendons inserts onto the sixth caudal vertebrae, the second onto the seventh and so on until the last caudal vertebrae. The ventral lateral sacrocaudal acts to flex the tail and occasionally assists with lateral movement." [MURDOCH:2183]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="MA"} ! muscle organ
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002415 ! tail
relationship: has_function_in NBO:0000445 ! tail movement
xref: MA:0002342 ! lumbosacrocaudalis
xref: MURDOCH:2183 ! ventral lateral sacrocaudal
synonym: "ventral lateral sacrocaudal" EXACT [MURDOCH:2183]
synonym: "lumbosacrocaudalis" EXACT [MA:0002342]
synonym: "lumbosacrocaudalis muscle" EXACT [MA:0002342]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011495
name: rectus thoracis muscle
def: "Rectus thoracis is a very small quadrilateral muscle sheet from the lateral thorax runs from the 3rd-1st rib that is in continuation with rectus abdominis. Its functioning muscle in respiration." [MURDOCH:2224]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="MA"} ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002382 ! rectus abdominis
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007585 ! respiratory gaseous exchange
xref: MA:0002366 ! rectus thoracis
synonym: "rectus thoracis" EXACT [MA:0002366]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013501
name: cloacal sphincter
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca
xref: UMLS:C1516658
xref: ncithesaurus:Cloacal_Sphincter ! cloacal sphincter
synonym: "sphincter cloacae" EXACT PLURAL []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004916
name: anal sphincter
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
relationship: has_function_in GO:0030421 ! defecation
synonym: "anal region sphincter" EXACT []
synonym: "sphincter analia" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001367
name: external anal sphincter
def: "The Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter) is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sphincter_ani_externus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus sphincter ani externus" EXACT []
synonym: "external sphincter ani" EXACT []
synonym: "sphincter ani externus" RELATED LATIN []
xref: FMA:21930 ! External anal sphincter
xref: MA:0001531 ! external anal sphincter
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Anal_Sphincter ! External Anal Sphincter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Anorectum.gif/200px-Anorectum.gif
xref: EMAPA:18265 ! external sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0004832 {source="MA"} ! anal region skeletal muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006867 {source="FMA"} ! anal part of perineum
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001245 ! anus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif
xref: SCTID:244969008 ! Entire external sphincter ani muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224395

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001244
name: internal anal sphincter
def: "The Sphincter ani internus (or internal anal sphincter) is a muscular ring which surrounds about 2.5 cm of the anal canal; its inferior border is in contact with, but quite separate from, the Sphincter ani externus. It is about 5 mm thick, and is formed by an aggregation of the involuntary circular fibers of the intestine. Its lower border is about 6 mm from the orifice of the anus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_anal_sphincter]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "circular layer of anal muscularis externa" EXACT []
synonym: "circular layer of muscularis externa of anal canal" EXACT []
synonym: "circular layer of muscularis propria of anal canal" EXACT []
synonym: "circular muscle layer of anal canal" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15710 ! Internal anal sphincter
xref: MA:0001534 ! internal anal sphincter
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Anal_Sphincter ! Internal Anal Sphincter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray1079.png/200px-Gray1079.png
xref: EMAPA:18266 ! internal sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0004231 {source="MA"} ! anal region smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
is_a: UBERON:0012368 ! circular muscle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal part of perineum
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
xref: UMLS:C0224394

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001247
name: falciform ligament
def: "a ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a broad and thin antero-posterior peritoneal fold, falciform in shape, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and backward. It is a remnant of the ventral mesentery of the fetus. It is situated in an antero-posterior plane but lies obliquely, so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus and the diaphragm, while the other is directed backward and is in contact with the left lobe of the liver. It is attached by its left margin to the under surface of the diaphragm and the posterior surface of the sheath of the right Rectus as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together. Its base or free edge contains between its layers the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins[WP]." [Wikipedia:Falciform_ligament]
comment: In FMA this is a subclass of mesentery. In MA it is a subclass of ligament, we infer and assert this is a nonskeletal ligament
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "falciform ligament of liver" EXACT []
synonym: "ligamentum falciforme (hepatis)" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:4856 ! falciform ligament
xref: EMAPA:18288 ! falciform ligament of ventral mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18908 ! falciform ligament of ventral mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of gut
xref: FMA:15823 ! Falciform ligament
xref: VHOG:0000355 ! falciform ligament
xref: MA:0001622 ! falciform ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Falciform_Ligament ! Falciform Ligament
xref: EHDAA2:0000499 ! falciform ligament
is_a: UBERON:0013139 ! ligament of liver
is_a: UBERON:0002095 {source="FMA"} ! mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0008845 ! nonskeletal ligament
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0002107 ! liver
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0000309 ! body wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005626 {source="MA"} ! ventral mesogastrium
synonym: "ligamentum falciforme hepatis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15823]
xref: SCTID:362705001 ! Entire falciform ligament
xref: UMLS:C0230240

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013138
name: coronary ligament of liver
def: "The coronary ligament of the liver refers to parts of the peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm." [Wikipedia:Coronary_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum coronaria" RELATED [Wikipedia:Coronary_ligament]
synonym: "coronary ligament" EXACT  [FMA:15822]
synonym: "ligamentum coronarium" EXACT  [FMA:15822]
synonym: "ligamentum coronarium hepatis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0002095 {source="FMA"} ! mesentery
is_a: UBERON:0013139 ! ligament of liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001178 {source="FMA"} ! visceral peritoneum
relationship: attaches_to  UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm
xref: FMA:15822 ! coronary ligament
xref: SCTID:279967000 ! Entire coronary ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Coronary_Ligament ! coronary ligament
xref: UMLS:C1261099

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013139
name: ligament of liver
synonym: "liver ligament" EXACT  []
synonym: "hepatic ligament" EXACT  [FMA:15820]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008845 ! nonskeletal ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver
xref: FMA:15820 ! ligament of liver
xref: SCTID:48536008 ! Entire ligament of liver
xref: ncithesaurus:Liver_Ligament ! liver ligament
xref: UMLS:C0230238

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001248
name: hilum of spleen
def: "The splenic hilum is a location on the surface of the spleen. It is the point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament, and the point of insertion for the splenic artery and splenic vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Splenic_hilum]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "spleen hilum" EXACT []
synonym: "splenic hilum" EXACT []
synonym: "hilum" BROAD [EMAPA:19303]
xref: FMA:15841 ! Hilum of spleen
xref: MA:0002670 ! spleen hilum
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Hilum ! Splenic Hilum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Gray1188.png/200px-Gray1188.png
xref: EMAPA:19303 ! hilum
intersection_of: UBERON:0004885 ! hilum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
synonym: "hilum lienale" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15841]
synonym: "hilum splenicum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15841]
xref: SCTID:245377005 ! Entire hilum of spleen
synonym: "hilum splenicum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Splenic_hilum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Gray1188.png
xref: UMLS:C0229685

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010174
name: Schweigger-Seidel sheath
def: "a phagocytic sleeve that is part of a sheathed arteriole of the spleen, and is sometimes referred to as a splenic ellipsoid. It is a spindle-shaped thickening in the walls of the second part of the arterial branches forming the penicilli in the spleen" [Wikipedia:Schweigger-Seidel_sheath, PMC:PMC3204613]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001253
name: lamina propria of ureter
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ureter lamina propria" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ureter lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ureter lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15896 ! Lamina propria of ureter
xref: MA:0002653 ! ureter lamina propria
xref: EMAPA:28841 ! lamina propria of ureter
is_a: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
xref: SCTID:2771005 ! Lamina propria of ureter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004980 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mucosa of ureter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009916 {source="reference_0000032"} ! wall of ureter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001255
name: urinary bladder
def: "distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]." [Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder, MGI:anna]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: major_organ
synonym: "bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "urocyst" RELATED [Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder]
xref: AAO:0000623 ! urinary_bladder
xref: BTO:0001418 ! urinary bladder
xref: EFO:0000290 ! bladder
xref: EHDAA:9328 ! bladder
xref: FMA:15900 ! Urinary bladder
xref: GAID:0000004 ! urinary bladder
xref: VHOG:0000740 ! urinary bladder
xref: MA:0000380 ! urinary bladder
xref: MAT:0000122 ! bladder
xref: MIAA:0000122 ! bladder
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000154 ! bladder
xref: galen:UrinaryBladder ! urinary bladder
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! urinary bladder
xref: EHDAA2:0000174 ! bladder
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_system.svg/200px-Urinary_system.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18321 ! bladder
xref: MESH:A05.810.161 ! bladder
xref: EV:0100098 ! bladder
is_a: UBERON:0000489 ! cavitated compound organ
is_a: UBERON:0002075 ! viscus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000164 {notes="upper part of UG sinus"} ! urogenital sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001556 {source="FMA"} ! lower urinary tract
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
xref: SCTID:302512001 ! Entire bladder
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "vesica urinaria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Urinary_system.svg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000623", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000740", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000740", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.577-78", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0005682

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009958
name: bladder lumen
synonym: "bladder cavity" EXACT  [FMA:15924]
synonym: "lumen of urinary bladder" EXACT  [FMA:15924]
synonym: "urinary bladder lumen" EXACT  [FMA:15924]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001255 {source="FMA"} ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001255 {source="FMA"} ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001255 {source="FMA"} ! urinary bladder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009844 {source="EHDAA2"} ! urogenital sinus lumen
xref: EHDAA2:0004058 ! bladder lumen
xref: FMA:15924 ! cavity of urinary bladder
xref: SCTID:279405003 ! Entire urinary bladder cavity
xref: galen:UrinaryBladderCavity ! urinary bladder cavity
synonym: "cavity of urinary bladder" EXACT [FMA:15924]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001256
name: wall of urinary bladder
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "urinary bladder wall" EXACT []
synonym: "anatomical wall of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15902 ! Wall of urinary bladder
xref: MA:0002493 ! urinary bladder wall
xref: BTO:0001462 ! bladder wall
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Wall ! Bladder Wall
is_a: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
xref: SCTID:362225003 ! Entire wall of urinary bladder
xref: UMLS:C0458421

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001257
name: trigone of urinary bladder
def: "The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree, the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty. The signals become stronger as the bladder continues to fill. Embryologically, the trigone of the Bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts. In the Female the mesonephric ducts break down but, thus, the Trigone of the Bladder is less prominent but, still present. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Trigone_of_urinary_bladder]
comment: Development notes: Embryologically, the trigone of the bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts, which is of mesodermal origin (the rest of the bladder is endodermal). In the female the mesonephric ducts regresses, causing the trigone to be less prominent, but still present[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "deep trigone" EXACT []
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT []
synonym: "trigone of bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone" EXACT []
synonym: "bladder trigone" EXACT []
synonym: "vesical trigone" EXACT []
synonym: "trigonum vesicae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15910]
synonym: "trigonum vesicae urinariae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trigone_of_urinary_bladder]
xref: FMA:15910 ! Trigone of urinary bladder
xref: MA:0002492 ! urinary bladder trigone
xref: galen:TrigoneOfUrinaryBladder ! trigone of urinary bladder
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_bladder.jpg/200px-Illu_bladder.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of  UBERON:0006082 ! fundus of urinary bladder
synonym: "musculus trigoni vesicae profundus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15910]
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Trigone ! Bladder Trigone
xref: SCTID:272663002 ! Entire trigone of bladder
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_bladder.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0447586

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001258
name: neck of urinary bladder
def: "the constricted portion of the urinary bladder, formed by the meeting of its inferolateral surfaces proximal to the opening of the urethra[MP]." [MP:anna, Wikipedia:Neck_of_urinary_bladder]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bladder neck" EXACT []
synonym: "neck of bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "urinary bladder neck" EXACT []
synonym: "vesical neck" EXACT []
synonym: "collum vesicae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15912]
synonym: "cervix vesicae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15912]
synonym: "cervix vesicae urinariae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neck_of_urinary_bladder]
xref: FMA:15912 ! Neck of urinary bladder
xref: MA:0002491 ! urinary bladder neck
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Neck
xref: galen:UrinaryBladderNeck ! urinary bladder neck
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray1156.png/200px-Gray1156.png
is_a: UBERON:0001560 ! neck of organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
xref: SCTID:362227006 ! Entire neck of urinary bladder
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray1156.png
xref: UMLS:C0227716

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001259
name: mucosa of urinary bladder
def: "A mucosa that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "tunica mucosa vesicae urinariae" EXACT [MP:MP]
synonym: "bladder mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "mucous membrane of bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "mucous membrane of urinary bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "urinary bladder mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "bladder mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EFO:0000293 ! bladder mucosa
xref: FMA:15928 ! Mucosa of urinary bladder
xref: MA:0001692 ! urinary bladder mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Mucosa ! Bladder Mucosa
xref: galen:MucousMembraneOfUrinaryBladder ! mucous membrane of urinary bladder
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001256 ! wall of urinary bladder
synonym: "tunica mucosa vesicae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15928]
synonym: "tunica mucosa (vesica urinaria)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15928]
xref: SCTID:362224004 ! Entire mucous membrane of urinary bladder
xref: UMLS:C0227691

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006912
name: urinary bladder muscularis mucosa
synonym: "muscularis mucosa of bladder " BROAD [EMAPA:28619]
synonym: "muscularis mucosa of urinary bladder " EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002490 ! urinary bladder muscularis mucosa
xref: EMAPA:28619 ! muscularis mucosa of bladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001261 ! lamina propria of urinary bladder
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Muscularis_Mucosa ! Bladder Muscularis Mucosa
def: "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a urinary bladder." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001259 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mucosa of urinary bladder
xref: UMLS:C1511195

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001260
name: serosa of urinary bladder
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
synonym: "bladder serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "serosa of bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "serous coat of bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "serous coat of urinary bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "urinary bladder serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of urinary bladder" EXACT []
synonym: "bladder serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15932 ! Serosa of urinary bladder
xref: MA:0001696 ! urinary bladder serosa
xref: EMAPA:28661 ! serosa of bladder
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
synonym: "tunica serosa vesicae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15932]
synonym: "tunica serosa (vesica urinaria)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15932]
xref: SCTID:5868002 ! Serosa of urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001256 {source="reference_0000032"} ! wall of urinary bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001261
name: lamina propria of urinary bladder
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "urinary bladder lamina propria" EXACT []
synonym: "bladder lamina propria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15935 ! Lamina propria of urinary bladder
xref: MA:0001695 ! urinary bladder lamina propria
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Lamina_Propria ! Bladder Lamina Propria
xref: EMAPA:30088 ! lamina propria of the bladder
is_a: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001259 ! mucosa of urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001256 {source="reference_0000032"} ! wall of urinary bladder
xref: UMLS:C1706967

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001262
name: wall of intestine
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editors note: we place two MA classes here due to the official ncit2ma mapping to intestinal wall tissue; not clear how bowel and intestine are different
synonym: "intestinal wall" EXACT []
synonym: "intestine wall" EXACT []
synonym: "anatomical wall of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel wall" RELATED [MA:0001525]
xref: BTO:0000647
xref: FMA:15949 ! Wall of intestine
xref: MA:0002693 ! intestine wall
xref: MA:0001525 ! bowel wall
xref: ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Wall_Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
xref: UMLS:C1708548

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001265
name: trabecula of spleen
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "spleen trabeculum" EXACT []
synonym: "splenic trabecula" EXACT []
xref: FMA:16027 ! Trabecula of spleen
xref: MA:0000758 ! spleen trabeculum
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecula ! Splenic Trabecula
intersection_of: UBERON:0000440 ! trabecula
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:1000024 {source="FMA"} ! parenchyma of spleen
xref: SCTID:61987002 ! Trabecula of spleen
def: "A trabecula that is part of a spleen." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0229688

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001266
name: splenic cord
def: "A structure found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing. Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis." [Wikipedia:Cords_of_Billroth]
synonym: "cord of Bilroth" EXACT [FMA:16031]
synonym: "cord of Billroth" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cords_of_Billroth]
xref: FMA:16031 ! Splenic cord
xref: MA:0002671 ! splenic cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Cord ! Splenic Cord
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001250 {source="MA"} ! red pulp of spleen
xref: UMLS:C0735011

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001267
name: femoral nerve
def: "The femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. It descends through the fibers of the Psoas major, emerging from the muscle at the lower part of its lateral border, and passes down between it and the Iliacus, behind the iliac fascia; it then runs beneath the inguinal ligament, into the thigh, and splits into an anterior and a posterior division. Under the inguinal ligament, it is separated from the femoral artery by a portion of the Psoas major. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Femoral_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior crural nerve" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:5655 ! femoral nerve
xref: FMA:16486 ! Femoral nerve
xref: GAID:850 ! femoral nerve
xref: VHOG:0001411 ! femoral nerve
xref: MA:0001167 ! femoral nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Femoral_Nerve ! Femoral Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwGC03JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! anterior crural nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0000507 ! femoral nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray823.png/200px-Gray823.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.250 ! femoral nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
xref: SCTID:181051004 ! Entire femoral nerve
synonym: "nervus femoralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femoral_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Gray823.png
xref: UMLS:C0015808

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001268 ! peritoneal fluid
name: peritoneal fluid
def: "Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Peritoneal_fluid, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:16515 ! Peritoneal fluid
xref: MA:0002531 ! peritoneal fluid
xref: BTO:0001031 ! peritoneal fluid
is_a: UBERON:0007794 {source="FMA"} ! serous fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001179 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Fluid ! Peritoneal Fluid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007795
name: ascitic fluid
def: "The serous fluid which accumulates in the peritoneal cavity in ascites." [MESH:A12.207.119]
comment: todo - move to pathological anatomical entity ontology
synonym: "ascites" RELATED  [BTO:0000091]
synonym: "ascites fluid" RELATED  [BTO:0000091]
xref: MESH:A12.207.119 ! ascitic fluid
xref: GAID:1175 ! ascitic fluid
xref: BTO:0000091 ! ascites
is_a: UBERON:0001268 ! peritoneal fluid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 {source="BTO"} ! abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008203
name: pelvic cavity
def: "The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis and which primarily contains reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, and the rectum. The pelvis is a marvel of physiology and is deceptively complex. It contains the lower urinary tract, reproductive system, lower digestive tract, major arteries and veins, muscle systems, nerve systems and bone systems. They all have to work together in a little crowded \"house\". It can be affected by many different diseases and by many drugs in many different ways. One part may impact upon another, for example constipation may overload the rectum and compress the urinary bladder, or childbirth might damage the pudendal nerves and later lead to anal weakness." [Wikipedia:Pelvic_cavity]
synonym: "space of pelvic compartment" EXACT  [FMA:9738]
synonym: "cavitas pelvis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pelvic_cavity]
xref: FMA:9738 ! pelvic cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003684 {source="FMA"} ! abdominal cavity
xref: SCTID:281903009 ! Entire pelvic cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone
name: acetabular part of hip bone
def: "The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Acetabulum]
comment: In reptiles and in birds, the acetabula are deep sockets.[WP] Note that whilst WP defines this as a surface, MA treats it as a bone. There are other FMA classes that may be better suited to representing the surface. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "acetabulum" EXACT [MA:0001335]
synonym: "acetabular region" EXACT [VHOG:0000974]
xref: AAO:0000770 ! acetabulum
xref: FMA:16579 ! Acetabular part of hip bone
xref: GAID:206 ! acetabulum
xref: MA:0001335 ! acetabulum
xref: ncithesaurus:Acetabulum ! Acetabulum
xref: EHDAA:10661 ! acetabular region
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001427 ! pelvic girdle acetabular region
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJlP9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! acetabulum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg/200px-Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611.108 ! acetabulum
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001486 {source="FMA"} ! hip joint
xref: SCTID:182027007 ! Entire acetabulum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Cavity for the articulation of the proximal bone of the hind limb.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000770", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: VHOG:0000974 ! acetabular region
property_value: homology_notes "During the transformation from the osteolepiform fins to tetrapod limbs, the appendages and girdles underwent a number of radical changes. The pelvic girdle became a weight-bearing structure by evolution of an ischium, a full mesio-ventral contact between the two sides of the girdle, an ilium, and a contact between the vertebral column and the girdle through a sacral rib. Fore- and hindlimbs shifted laterally by reorientation of the glenoid and the acetabulum.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000974", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nature04119 Boisvert CA\, The pelvic fin and girdle of Panderichthys and the origin of tetrapod locomotion. Nature (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0000962

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008114
name: joint of girdle
synonym: "girdle joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
subset: grouping_class
xref: MA:0001505 ! joint of girdle
is_a: UBERON:0000982 {source="MA"} ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007823 ! appendage girdle region
relationship: connects UBERON:0007828 ! girdle bone/zone
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
def: "A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011107
name: synovial joint of pelvic girdle
synonym: "pelvic girdle joint" EXACT  [FMA:35173]
synonym: "joint of pelvic girdle" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
relationship: connects UBERON:0007830 ! pelvic girdle bone/zone
xref: FMA:35173 ! synovial joint of pelvic girdle
xref: ncithesaurus:Joint_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle ! joint of the pelvic girdle
def: "A synovial joint that is part of a pelvic girdle region." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0827002

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001486
name: hip joint
def: "The hip joint is a synovial joint formed by the articulation of the rounded head of the femur and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. It forms the primary connection between the bones of the lower limb and the axial skeleton of the trunk and pelvis. Both joint surfaces are covered with a strong but lubricated layer called articular hyaline cartilage. The cuplike acetabulum forms at the union of three pelvic bones  — the ilium, pubis, and ischium." [Wikipedia:Hip#Articulation]
comment: Alternate def - "The articulation between the femur and the innominate bone." [BTO:0001502]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio coxofemoralis" EXACT  [FMA:35178]
synonym: "coxal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hip]
synonym: "femoro-iliac joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA:35178 ! Hip joint
xref: GAID:262 ! hip joint
xref: galen:HipJoint
xref: VHOG:0001001 ! hip joint
xref: MA:0000470 ! hip joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Hip_Joint ! Hip Joint
xref: BTO:0001502 ! hip joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP32b5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hip joint
xref: EMAPA:19136 ! hip joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.411 ! hip joint
is_a: UBERON:0011107 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint of pelvic girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001464 {source="FMA"} ! hip
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006244 {evidence="definitional"} ! hip joint primordium
xref: SCTID:182201002 ! Entire hip joint
xref: UMLS:C0019558

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001365
name: sacro-iliac joint
def: "the joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side." [Wikipedia:Sacroiliac_joint]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio sacro-iliaca" EXACT []
synonym: "sacroiliac joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA:21440 ! Sacro-iliac joint
xref: GAID:268 ! sacroiliac joint
xref: MA:0001506 ! sacroiliac joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacroiliac_Joint ! Sacroiliac Joint
xref: EMAPA:19300 ! sacro-iliac joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.707 ! sacroiliac joint
is_a: UBERON:0011107 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint of pelvic girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001273 ! ilium
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003690 ! sacrum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
xref: SCTID:182199004 ! Entire sacroiliac joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray319.png
xref: UMLS:C0036036

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001270 ! bony pelvis
name: bony pelvis
def: "In humans, the ring of bone formed by the sacrum and the first few coccygeal vertebrae as the roof, the pubis and ischia as the floor and the ilia and the acetabular part of the ischia as the walls." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bony+pelvis]
comment: in FMA, this is part of the axial skeletal system. todo: add taxon-specific part of relations connecting sub-structures to this.
xref: FMA:16580 ! Bony pelvis
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
xref: SCTID:46633002 ! Entire bony pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002355
name: pelvis
def: "Subdivision of abdomen, which is demarcated from the abdomen proper by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture, and from the perineum by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm; together with the abdomen proper, it constitutes the abdomen[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Pelvis, FMA:9578]
comment: Note that MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lesser pelvis" EXACT [FMA:9578]
synonym: "true pelvis" EXACT [FMA:9578]
synonym: "pelvis region" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvic region" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001006 ! pelvis
xref: FMA:9578 ! Pelvis
xref: GAID:87 ! pelvis
xref: MA:0000030 ! pelvis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Pelvis ! Pelvis
xref: galen:Pelvis ! pelvis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pelvis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray242.png/200px-Gray242.png
xref: MESH:A01.673 ! pelvis
xref: EV:0100012 ! pelvis
xref: EFO:0002805 ! pelvis
xref: SCTID:229765004 ! Entire pelvis
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001270 ! bony pelvis
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001224 ! renal pelvis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Gray242.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pelvic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0030797

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010707 ! appendage girdle complex
name: appendage girdle complex
def: "An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its accociated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc)." [UBERONREF:0000003, UBERON:cjm]
comment: It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither).  There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] AO notes: note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region)
synonym: "appendage complex" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "appendage-girdle complex" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "girdle plus limb or fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "limb" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:7182]
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: VSAO:0000214 ! appendage girdle complex
xref: FMA:7182 ! limb
created_by: haendel
creation_date: 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000214", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034"}
synonym: "appendage/girdle complex" EXACT [VSAO:0000214]
property_value: external_comment "It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither).  There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000214", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
name: pectoral complex
def: "Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle." [VSAO:0000213]
comment: AO notes: note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region)
synonym: "pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "upper limb" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:7183]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010707 ! appendage girdle complex
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000153 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523"} ! anterior region of body
xref: VSAO:0000213 ! pectoral complex
xref: FMA:7183 ! upper limb
property_value: external_definition "Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000213", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:MAH"}
synonym: "pectoral appendage/girdle complex" EXACT [VSAO:0000213]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
name: pelvic complex
def: "Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle." [VSAO:0000215]
comment: AO notes: note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here
synonym: "pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lower limb" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:7184]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010707 ! appendage girdle complex
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000154 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523"} ! posterior region of body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
xref: VSAO:0000215 ! pelvic complex
xref: FMA:7184 ! lower limb
xref: SCTID:416631005 ! Pelvis and/or lower extremity structure
property_value: external_definition "Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000215", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:MAH"}
synonym: "pelvic appendage/girdle complex" EXACT [VSAO:0000215]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007823
name: appendage girdle region
def: "An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc)." [UBERONREF:0000003, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note that this encompasses non-skeletal tissue
alt_id: UBERON:0007824
synonym: "girdle" BROAD []
synonym: "girdle region" BROAD []
synonym: "limb girdle" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "limb girdle region" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "fin girdle" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "fin girdle region" RELATED SENSU []
xref: FMA:24874 ! limb girdle
xref: VSAO:0000303 ! appendage girdle region
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010707 ! appendage girdle complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
property_value: external_definition "An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000303", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="UBERON:cjm"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007828
name: girdle bone/zone
synonym: "girdle bone" EXACT [MA:0000291]
xref: MA:0000291 ! girdle bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007823 ! appendage girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010719 ! girdle skeleton
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
def: "A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
name: pectoral girdle region
def: "An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples:  Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions." [UBERONREF:0000003, UBERON:cjm, FMA:23217]
comment: Note that this class describes the organism subdivision, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "girdle - pectoral" EXACT []
synonym: "pectoral region" RELATED []
synonym: "pectoral girdle" RELATED []
synonym: "cingulum membri superioris" NARROW [FMA:TA]
synonym: "shoulder girdle" NARROW  [FMA:23217]
synonym: "upper limb girdle" NARROW  [FMA:23217]
synonym: "cingulum membri superioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:23217]
xref: FMA:23217 ! Pectoral girdle
xref: VSAO:0000305 ! pectoral girdle region
intersection_of: UBERON:0007823 ! appendage girdle region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
xref: SCTID:229759004 ! Entire shoulder girdle
property_value: external_definition "An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000305", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="UBERON:cjm"}
xref: galen:ShoulderGirdle ! shoulder girdle
property_value: external_comment "Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000305", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007829
name: pectoral girdle bone
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bone of pectoral girdle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000292 ! pectoral girdle bone
is_a: UBERON:0007828 {source="MA"} ! girdle bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
def: "A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010719 ! girdle skeleton
name: girdle skeleton
def: "The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeleton of girdle" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0007823 ! appendage girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007823 ! appendage girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
xref: AAO:0010686 ! girdle
xref: VSAO:0000302 ! girdle skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000302", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000302", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000302", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: transitively_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000302", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
name: pectoral girdle skeleton
def: "A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons." [Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle]
comment: AO notes: Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pectoral girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "skeleton of pectoral girdle" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeletal parts of pectoral girdle" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pectoral girdle skeleton" EXACT  [FMA:24141]
synonym: "pectoral girdle" RELATED INCONSISTENT [VSAO:0000156]
xref: FMA:24141 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
xref: AAO:0000422 ! pectoral_girdle
xref: AAO:0000754 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
xref: VHOG:0001156 ! pectoral girdle
xref: MAT:0000181 ! girdle - pectoral
xref: MIAA:0000181 ! girdle - pectoral
xref: XAO:0003063 ! pectoral girdle
xref: ncithesaurus:Shoulder_Girdle ! Shoulder Girdle
xref: EFO:0000946 ! pectoral girdle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001420 ! pectoral girdle
xref: TAO:0000407 ! pectoral girdle
xref: ZFA:0000407 ! pectoral girdle
xref: EMAPA:18025 ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall of skeleton of embryo
xref: VSAO:0000156 ! pectoral girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012475 ! skeleton of pectoral complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 {source="XAO"} ! entire appendicular skeleton
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
synonym: "cingulum pectorale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal structure immediately behind the head attached to the vertebral column by muscles and supporting the forelimbs.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000422", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster of paired dermal and endochondral bones that attaches to the dorso-posterior part of the cranium, and support the radials and pectoral fin. It consists of two components: the primary pectoral girdle consisting of the endochondral coracoid, scapula and mesocoracoid bones, and the secondary pectoral girdle consisting of the dermal posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and poscleithrum(thra) bones.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000407", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000156", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="UBERON:cjm"}
synonym: "scapular girdle" RELATED [TAO:0000407]
property_value: homology_notes "The pectoral girdle is clearly of dual origin, composed of dermal as well as endochondral bones. The endochondral component, the scapulocoracoid, evolved by fusion or enlargment of several basal fin elements. (...) The dermal component of the shoulder girdle evolved from dermal bones of the body's surface. (...) Like endochondral bones, these dermal bones were passed along to tetrapods (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001156", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.336 and Figure 9.18", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0427245

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
name: pelvic girdle region
def: "Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdle regions." [FMA:16581, https://groups.google.com/d/topic/obo-anatomy/h4R4xKmINrw/discussion, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.22617/full]
comment: Note that this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "girdle - pelvic" RELATED []
synonym: "pelvic girdle" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
xref: FMA:16581 ! Pelvic girdle
xref: ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Girdle ! Pelvic Girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0007823 ! appendage girdle region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
xref: SCTID:360010001 ! Pelvic girdle
xref: VSAO:0000304 ! pelvic girdle region
property_value: external_definition "Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000304", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="UBERON:cjm"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0684083

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007830
name: pelvic girdle bone/zone
def: "A bone element or fused bone that is part of pelvic girdle." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: typically the ilium, ischium and pubis. These can alternately be considered individual bones, or zones of a single fused bone. Editor note: check sacrum, coccyx (MA does NOT include these)
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pelvic girdle bone" EXACT [MA:0000293]
synonym: "bone of pelvic girdle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000293 ! pelvic girdle bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Bone ! Pelvic Bone
xref: SCTID:426214007 ! Entire bone organ of pelvis
is_a: UBERON:0007828 {source="MA"} ! girdle bone
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0030786

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
name: pelvic girdle skeleton
def: "Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature." [VSAO:0000155, Wikipedia:Pelvis]
comment: AO notes: Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts. Editor notes: need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO)
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "skeletal parts of pelvic girdle" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeleton of pelvic girdle" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pelvic girdle skeleton" EXACT  [VSAO:0000155]
synonym: "pelvic girdle" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [VSAO:0000155]
xref: FMA:87592 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
xref: AAO:0000426 ! pelvic_girdle
xref: AAO:0000768 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
xref: EHDAA:7149 ! pelvic girdle
xref: EHDAA:8324 ! pelvic girdle
xref: VHOG:0000305 ! pelvic girdle
xref: MAT:0000182 ! girdle - pelvic
xref: MIAA:0000182 ! girdle - pelvic
xref: TAO:0000565 ! pelvic girdle
xref: XAO:0003064 ! pelvic girdle
xref: ZFA:0000565 ! pelvic girdle
xref: EFO:0000947 ! pelvic girdle
xref: galen:PelvicGirdle ! pelvic girdle
xref: EHDAA2:0001426 ! pelvic girdle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray242.png/200px-Gray242.png
xref: EMAPA:18028 ! pelvic girdle of skeleton of embryo
xref: VSAO:0000155 ! pelvic girdle
xref: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/pectoralgirdles.gif
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012476 ! skeleton of pelvic complex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010377 {source="PMID:21455939"} ! mesenchyme from somatopleure
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000426", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000565", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000155", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="UBERON:cjm"}
property_value: homology_notes "The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000305", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.333", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011090
name: skeleton of right pelvic girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0007832  ! pelvic girdle skeleton
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011092  ! right pelvic girdle region
xref: FMA:87593 ! skeleton of right pelvic girdle
def: "A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a right pelvic girdle region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011091
name: skeleton of left pelvic girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0007832  ! pelvic girdle skeleton
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011093  ! left pelvic girdle region
xref: FMA:87594 ! skeleton of left pelvic girdle
def: "A skeleton of pelvic girdle that is part of a left pelvic girdle region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011092
name: right pelvic girdle region
intersection_of: UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
synonym: "right pelvic girdle" EXACT INCONSISTENT [FMA:16582]
xref: FMA:16582 ! right pelvic girdle
def: "A pelvic girdle region that is in the right side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011093
name: left pelvic girdle region
intersection_of: UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
synonym: "left pelvic girdle" EXACT INCONSISTENT [FMA:16583]
xref: FMA:16583 ! left pelvic girdle
def: "A pelvic girdle region that is in the left side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006850
name: obsolete tetrapod pectoral girdle
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001272
name: innominate bone
def: "A fused bone consisting of the ilium, ischium and and pubis. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis. [WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Hip_bone, UBERON:cjm]
comment: AO notes: in FMA this is a paired structure. NCITA has 'pelvic bone' but this is the *superclass* of ilium/ischium/pubis. The MA class 'pelvis bone' is actually a superclass of 'pelvic girdle bone' and caudal/sacral vertebra. Taxon notes: The hip/pelvic bone/basipterygium first appears in fishes, where it consists of a simple, usually triangular bone, to which the pelvic fin articulates. The hip bones on each side usually connect with each other at the forward end, and are even solidly fused in lungfishes and sharks, but they never attach to the vertebral column[WP] Editor notes: currently this class is restricted to exclude the teleost bone as the definition mentions ilium, ischium and pubis. In future we may add a grouping class for girdle bones that supports the appendage
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "basipterygium" RELATED []
synonym: "bone of pelvic girdle" BROAD [FMA:16585]
synonym: "coxal bone" EXACT  [FMA:16585]
synonym: "innominate bone" EXACT  [FMA:16585]
synonym: "innominate" BROAD  []
synonym: "os coxae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:16585]
synonym: "pelvic bone" EXACT  [FMA:16585]
synonym: "os innominatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hip_bone]
synonym: "hip bone" EXACT [FMA:16585]
xref: FMA:16585 ! hip bone
xref: GAID:205 ! pelvic bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray341.png/200px-Gray341.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611 ! pelvic bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001464 {source="FMA"} ! hip
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
xref: SCTID:361776002 ! Entire innominate bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray341.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008202
name: bone of hip region
comment: in MA, this includes the femur. i.e. pelvic girdle bone or femur; note that this makes the ilium etc in MA hindlimb bones. in MA this is a hindlimb bone
xref: MA:0000655 ! hip bone
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001464 {source="MA"} ! hip
xref: SCTID:304907005 ! Bone structure of hip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001273 ! ilium
name: ilium
def: "Paired endochondral bone that is the dorsal-most of the pelvic bones, offering attachment areas for gluteal muscles on its main surface [PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [PHENOSCAPE:ad, Wikipedia:Ilium_(bone)]
comment: Note that this is_a hip bone in MA. Taxon notes: All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ilium bone" EXACT []
synonym: "illium" RELATED []
synonym: "os iliacum" EXACT []
synonym: "os ilii" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000772 ! ilium
xref: FMA:16589 ! Ilium
xref: GAID:207 ! ilium
xref: galen:Ilium
xref: MA:0001336 ! ilium
xref: ncithesaurus:Ilium ! Ilium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvhwFJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ilium
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611.434 ! ilium
xref: EFO:0003049 ! ilium
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
is_a: UBERON:0007830 {source="MA"} ! pelvic girdle bone
is_a: UBERON:0008202 {source="MA"} ! bone of hip region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="VSAO"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001272 {source="FMA"} ! innominate bone
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:8570 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Serpentes
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Teleostei
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010714 {source="cjm"} ! iliac cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:182029005 ! Entire ilium
property_value: external_definition "Paired, rodlike endochondral bones that constitute the anterior pelvic girdle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000772", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "iliac" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0020889

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001274
name: ischium
def: "Endochondral bone that is paired, forming the posterior part of the pelvis, articulating with the pubis and ilium." [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005006, Wikipedia:Ischium]
synonym: "os ischii" RELATED  [AAO:0000860]
comment: Note that this is_a hip bone in MA; in FMA it is a zone of bone organ. 
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000860 ! ischium
xref: FMA:16592 ! Ischium
xref: GAID:208 ! ischium
xref: galen:Ischium
xref: MA:0001337 ! ischium
xref: ncithesaurus:Ischium ! Ischium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlzMKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ischium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg/200px-Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611.548 ! ischium
xref: VSAO:0005006 ! ischium
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007830 {source="MA"} ! pelvic girdle bone
is_a: UBERON:0008202 {source="MA"} ! bone of hip region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="VSAO"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001272 ! innominate bone
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006254 {source="cjm"} ! ischial cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:182025004 ! Entire ischium
synonym: "os ischii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ischium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Paired bones of endochondral origin that constitute the posterior elements of the pelvic girdle. They are synostotically fused to each other and form the posterior part of the acetabulum.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000860", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ischial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0022122

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001275
name: pubis
def: "A paired endochondral bone making up the anteroventral region of the tripartite pelvic girdle forming part of the ventral edge of the acetabulum. The origin site of many proximal hindlimb muscles. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [Wikipedia:Pubis_(bone), PHENOSCAPE:ad]
comment: AO notes: isa bone zone in FMA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os pubis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29]
synonym: "pubic bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29]
synonym: "pubis bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29]
xref: AAO:0000861 ! pubis
xref: FMA:16595 ! Pubis
xref: MA:0001338 ! pubis
xref: galen:Pubis ! pubis
xref: EMAPA:18728 ! pubic bone
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611.781 ! pubic bone
is_a: UBERON:0007830 {source="MA"} ! pelvic girdle bone
is_a: UBERON:0008202 {source="MA"} ! bone of hip region
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="VSAO"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001272 {source="FMA"} ! innominate bone
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010718 ! pubic cartilage condensation
xref: ncithesaurus:Pubic_Bone ! Pubic Bone
xref: SCTID:182035005 ! Entire pubis
property_value: external_definition "Paired, cartilaginous (ocassionally calcified) elements that form the ventral portion of the pelvic girdle. Each is located ventral to the acetabulum between the anteroventral margin of the ischium and the posteroventral margin of the illium. When the element calcifies or ossifies, its articulation with adjacent elements is difficult to distinguish. Both pubes are synchondrotically fused to one another.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000861", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0034014

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013203
name: hypogastrium
def: "The hypogastrium (or hypogastric region, or pubic region) is an area of the human abdomen located below the navel." [Wikipedia:Hypogastrium]
synonym: "hypogastric region" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hypogastrium]
synonym: "pubic region" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hypogastrium]
synonym: "hypogastric part of abdomen" EXACT  [FMA:14602]
synonym: "hypogastric region" EXACT  [FMA:14602]
synonym: "pubic part of abdomen" EXACT  [FMA:14602]
synonym: "pubic region" EXACT  [FMA:14602]
synonym: "regio pubica" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "suprapubic region" EXACT  [FMA:14602]
xref: FMA:14602 ! hypogastrium
xref: ncithesaurus:Hypogastric_Region ! hypogastric region
is_a: UBERON:0009569 ! subdivision of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: posterior_to UBERON:0007118 ! umbilicus
xref: SCTID:182348003 ! Entire hypogastric region
xref: CALOHA:TS-2346 ! Hypogastrium
property_value: has_relational_adjective "hypogastric" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0230189

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013204
name: epipubic bone
def: "Epipubic bones are a pair of bones projecting forward from the pelvic bones of modern marsupials and of some fossil mammals: multituberculates, monotremes, and even basal eutherians (the ancestors of placental mammals). In modern marsupials the epipubic bones are often called \"marsupial bones\" because they support the mother's pouch (\"marsupium\" is Latin for \"pouch\"), but their presence on other groups of mammals indicates that this was not their original function, which some researchers think was to assist locomotion by supporting some of the muscles that flex the thigh. The epipubic bones were first described in 1698 but their functions have remained unresolved. It has been suggested that they form part of a kinetic linkage stretching from the femur on one side to the ribs on the opposite side. This linkage is formed by a series of muscles: each epipubic bone is connected to the femur by the pectineus muscle, and to the ribs and vertebrae by the pyramidalis, rectus abdominis, and external and internal obliques. According to this hypothesis, the epipubic bones act as levers to stiffen the trunk during locomotion." [Wikipedia:Epipubic_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Macropus_major_hind_legs.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epipubic" xsd:string
is_a: UBERON:0007830 {source="cjm"} ! pelvic girdle bone
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:314146 ! Euarchontoglires

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010746
name: iliac blade
def: "The extension of the ilium above the level of the acetabulum. Attachment site for both hindlimb and caudal musculature. Medially is the site of attachment of the sacral ribs, where these exist[PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium, PHENOSCAPE:ad]
comment: Taxon notes: Often dorsally expanded in amniotes[ad].
synonym: "ala ossis ilii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium]
synonym: "a. ossis ilii" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium]
synonym: "ilium ala" EXACT  [FMA:42826]
synonym: "ala of ilium" EXACT  [FMA:42826]
synonym: "wing of the ilium" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium]
synonym: "wing of ilium" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium
xref: FMA:42826 ! ala of ilium
xref: SCTID:182024000 ! Entire ala ossis ilii
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray235.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010747
name: body of ilium
def: "The body of ilium enters into the formation of the acetabulum, of which it forms rather less than two-fifths. Its external surface is partly articular, partly non-articular; the articular segment forms part of the lunate surface of the acetabulum, the non-articular portion contributes to the acetabular fossa. The internal surface of the body is part of the wall of the lesser pelvis and gives origin to some fibers of the Obturator internus. Below, it is continuous with the pelvic surfaces of the ischium and pubis, only a faint line indicating the place of union." [Wikipedia:Body_of_ilium]
synonym: "ilium body" EXACT  [FMA:42825]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium
xref: FMA:42825 ! body of ilium
xref: SCTID:292524005 ! Entire body of ilium
synonym: "corpus ossis ilii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_ilium]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006925 ! digestive gland
name: digestive gland
def: "A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion." [The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language:Fourth_Edition._2000.]
synonym: "digestive system gland" EXACT [AAO:0000130]
xref: BTO:0000345 ! digestive gland
xref: AAO:0000130 ! digestive system glands
intersection_of: UBERON:0002368 ! endocrine gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009860
name: ascidian digestive gland
xref: ANISEED:1239655 ! Digestive gland
is_a: UBERON:0006925 ! digestive gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata
property_value: foaf-depicted_by http://content61.eol.org/content/2010/04/23/02/32371_orig.jpg {source="http://eol.org/data_objects/6673409"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001276
name: epithelium of stomach
def: "the epithelial layer of the stomach ." [MP:0000471]
comment: in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular
synonym: "gastric epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0000500]
synonym: "stomach epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000500 ! gastric epithelium
xref: FMA:17091 ! Epithelium of stomach
xref: MA:0001610 ! stomach epithelium
xref: VHOG:0001433 ! stomach epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001918 ! stomach epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001199 ! mucosa of stomach
xref: SCTID:64977002 ! Gastric epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006921
name: stomach squamous epithelium
xref: MA:0001611 ! stomach squamous epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0001276 ! epithelium of stomach
intersection_of: UBERON:0006914 ! squamous epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
def: "A squamous epithelium that is part of a stomach." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006924
name: stomach glandular epithelium
def: "A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Editor notes: we follow Kardong in treating the glandular epithelium as a distinct entity, and thus as an epithelium which has glands; FMA has 'epithelium of gastric gland', which is part of the gastric gland. Consider also: stomach glandular region as a part-of parent
synonym: "epithelium of gastric gland" NARROW [FMA:63458]
xref: MA:0002784 ! stomach glandular epithelium
xref: FMA:63458 ! Epithelium of gastric gland
xref: EMAPA:17623 ! glandular region of stomach of foregut
is_a: UBERON:0006929 {source="FMA"} ! glandular columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0006799 ! glandular epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006931 ! stomach glandular region mucosa
synonym: "gastric gland epithelium" RELATED [FMA:63458]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010040 ! stomach non-glandular epithelium
name: stomach non-glandular epithelium
def: "Am epithelium that lines the stomach which lacks glands. In addition to a glandular epithelium, the stomachs of some vertebrates also has a second region characterized by a nonglandular epithelium, devoid of gastric glands." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Editor notes: OWL definition to be added later. Taxon notes: this region may develop from the base of the esophagus (some herbivores) - in rodents, loss of the gastric glands in the mucosa leavea a nonglandular epithelial stomach in which smooth muscle contractions knead and mix digesta. This can be keratinized.
intersection_of: UBERON:0011952 ! non-glandular epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
synonym: "stomach aglandular epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach squamous epithelium" RELATED [ISBN10:0123813611]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mammalian_Stomachs_remake.png/650px-Mammalian_Stomachs_remake.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011953 ! stomach glandular region
name: stomach glandular region
synonym: "glandular stomach" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0009034 ! stomach region
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0006924 ! stomach glandular epithelium
xref: MA:0001613 ! stomach glandular region
xref: SCTID:27633001 ! Glandular stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Glandular_Stomach ! Glandular Stomach
def: "A stomach region that has_part a stomach glandular epithelium." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0227197

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011954 ! stomach non-glandular region
name: stomach non-glandular region
intersection_of: UBERON:0009034 ! stomach region
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0010040 ! stomach non-glandular epithelium
def: "A stomach region that has_part a stomach non-glandular epithelium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006931 ! stomach glandular region mucosa
name: stomach glandular region mucosa
xref: MA:0001614 ! stomach glandular region mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0001199 ! mucosa of stomach
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011953 ! stomach glandular region
def: "A mucosa of stomach that is part of a stomach glandular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001277
name: intestinal epithelium
def: "The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479)" [MESH:A03.492.411.369, Wikipedia:Intestinal_epithelium]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "intestine epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "bowel epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "villous epithelium" NARROW [ZFA:0005124]
xref: BTO:0000781
xref: FMA:17229 ! Intestinal epithelium
xref: MA:0001536 ! intestine epithelium
xref: TAO:0005124 ! intestinal epithelium
xref: ZFA:0005124 ! intestinal epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Epithelium ! Intestinal Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
xref: SCTID:266135004 ! Entire intestinal epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestine, sometimes pseudostratified, with absorptive brush-border cells and mucous goblet cells clearly visible. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005124", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0226890

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013636
name: epithelium of intestinal villus
synonym: "intestinal villus epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:63587]
synonym: "villous epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "villus epithelium" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001213 ! intestinal villus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001902 {source="FMA"} ! epithelium of small intestine
xref: FMA:63587 ! epithelium of intestinal villus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001278
name: epithelium of large intestine
def: "An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "large intestinal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17301 ! Epithelium of large intestine
xref: MA:0001545 ! large intestine epithelium
xref: EMAPA:19257 ! epithelium of midgut derived large intestine
xref: EMAPA:19262 ! epithelium of hindgut derived large intestine
is_a: UBERON:0001277 ! intestinal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001207 ! mucosa of large intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001279
name: portal triad
def: "a component of the hepatic lobule, that consists of:     hepatic artery,    hepatic portal vein,    bile duct,    lymphatic vessels,    and the branch of the vagus nerve." [Wikipedia:Portal_triad]
comment: The misnomer "portal triad" traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "trias hepatica" EXACT []
xref: FMA:17523 ! Portal triad
xref: MA:0002499 ! portal triad
xref: ncithesaurus:Portal_Triad ! Portal Triad
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001172 ! hepatic acinus
xref: SCTID:362192000 ! Entire portal triad
synonym: "trias hepatica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Portal_triad]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG
xref: UMLS:C0227514

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001280
name: liver parenchyma
alt_id: UBERON:0003223
def: "the functional units of the liver including the lobules." [MP:0008986]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hepatic parenchyma" EXACT  [FMA:17540]
synonym: "parenchyma of liver" EXACT  [FMA:17540]
synonym: "hepatic parenchyme" RELATED  [VHOG:0000539]
xref: FMA:17540 ! Liver parenchyma
xref: VHOG:0000539 ! liver parenchyma
xref: MA:0000366 ! liver parenchyma
xref: EHDAA:2201 ! parenchyma
xref: EHDAA2:0001004 ! early liver parenchyma
xref: EMAPA:17203 ! parenchyma of liver
xref: XAO:0000454 ! liver parenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000539 ! liver parenchyma
xref: AAO:0010405 ! liver parenchyme
synonym: "liver parenchyme" EXACT [XAO:0000454]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353 ! parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008835 {source="XAO"} ! hepatic diverticulum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005171 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hepatic duct
xref: SCTID:363535004 ! Entire parenchyma of liver
property_value: homology_notes "the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000539", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/ar.20524 Hardman RC\, Volz DC\, Kullman SW\, Hinton DE\, An in vivo look at vertebrate liver architecture: three-dimensional reconstruction from Medaka (Oryzias latipes). The Anatomical Record (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:2005259
name: continuous capillary
def: "Capillary that has endothelial cells that provide an uninterrupted lining, and only allow small molecules, like water and ions to diffuse through tight junctions which leave gaps of unjoined membrane which are called intercellular clefts." [Wikipedia:Capillary#Types]
synonym: "continuous capillary vessel" EXACT  [FMA:63195]
synonym: "continuous blood vessel endothelium" BROAD []
synonym: "continuous endothelium" BROAD []
synonym: "continuous blood vessel endothelium" EXACT [ZFA:0005259]
is_a: UBERON:0001982 {source="FMA"} ! capillary
is_a: UBERON:0004638 {source="ZFA"} ! blood vessel endothelium
property_value: external_definition "Blood vessel endothelium that has tight junctions between the endothelial cells[ZFA]." xsd:string
xref: FMA:63195 ! continuous capillary
xref: ncithesaurus:Continuous_Capillary ! continuous capillary
xref: ZFA:0005259 ! continuous blood vessel endothelium
xref: TAO:0005259 ! continuous blood vessel endothelium
xref: UMLS:C1179614

[Term]
id: UBERON:2005260
name: fenestrated capillary
def: "Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse" [Wikipedia:Fenestra_(histology), Wikipedia:Capillary#Types]
comment: Editor notes: the ZFA class from which this was derived is not explicitly classified as a capillary - need to verify for taxon histology differences
is_a: UBERON:0004638 {source="ZFA"}  ! blood vessel endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001982 {source="FMA"} ! capillary
synonym: "fenestrated blood vessel endothelium" BROAD [ZFA:0005260]
xref: TAO:0005260 ! fenestrated blood vessel endothelium
xref: ZFA:0005260 ! fenestrated blood vessel endothelium
xref: FMA:63196 ! fenestrated capillary
xref: ncithesaurus:Fenestrated_Capillary ! fenestrated capillary
property_value: external_definition "Blood vessel endothelium that has pores that allow passage small molecules and proteins[ZFA]." xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1179615

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003909
name: sinusoid
def: "small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]." [Wikipedia:Sinusoid_(blood_vessel)]
comment: AO notes - some sources give discontinuous capillary as synonym but this may be a subtype - see FMA:63198 discontinuous sinusoid (undefined). 
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "sinusoidal capillary" RELATED [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=13986]
synonym: "sinusoidal endothelium" RELATED []
synonym: "endothelium of irregular blood filled space" RELATED []
synonym: "sinusoidal blood vessel" EXACT []
synonym: "sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium" EXACT [ZFA:0005261]
xref: FMA:63131 ! sinusoid
xref: ZFA:0005261 ! sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium
xref: TAO:0005261 ! sinusoidal blood vessel endothelium
xref: SCTID:340163004 ! Entire vascular sinusoid
is_a: UBERON:0001982 {source="Wikipedia-inconsistent"} ! capillary
is_a: UBERON:2005260 {source="ZFA", source="Wikipedia"} ! fenestrated blood vessel endothelium
property_value: external_definition "Fenestrated blood vessel endothelium with pores that are large enough for blood cells to pass.  The basal lamina and gap junctions may be discontinuous.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005261", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "sinusoidal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003910
name: splenic sinusoid
def: "wide vessels in the spleen that drain into trabecular veins[WP]." [Wikipedia:Red_pulp#Sinusoids]
comment: Taxon notes: Whereas man and the rat are in the "sinusal" group, the mouse belongs in the "nonsinusal" group. The red pulp of spleens of rat, dog, man, and many other mammals contains an elaborate plexus of sinuses; that of mouse, cat, pig and others has no true sinuses and relatively few veins leading from the meshes into collecting veins - http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml
synonym: "sinusoidal blood vessel of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:63199 ! sinusoid of red pulp of spleen 
is_a: UBERON:0003909 ! sinuosoid
intersection_of: UBERON:0003909 ! sinuosoid
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001250 ! red pulp of spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001250 ! red pulp of spleen
xref: SCTID:9081000 ! Splenic sinusoids
synonym: "sinusoid of red pulp of spleen" RELATED [FMA:63199]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009967
name: spleen venous sinus
comment: See comments for UBERON:0003910
is_a: UBERON:0006615 {source="cjm"} ! venous sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001250 {source="MA"} ! red pulp of spleen
synonym: "sinus lienalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "sinus splenicus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "splenic sinus" EXACT  [FMA:62815]
synonym: "venous sinus of red pulp of spleen" EXACT [FMA:62815]
xref: FMA:62815 ! venous sinus of red pulp of spleen
xref: MA:0000761 ! spleen venous sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Sinus ! Splenic Sinus
xref: UMLS:C1179415

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001281
name: hepatic sinusoid
alt_id: UBERON:0003275
def: "Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers." [Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hepatic sinusoids" RELATED []
synonym: "liver sinusoid" EXACT []
synonym: "vas capillare sinusoideum" EXACT []
synonym: "liver sinusoidal blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sinusoid of liver" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sinusoidal blood vessel of liver" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17543 ! Hepatic sinusoid
xref: VHOG:0000708 ! hepatic sinusoid
xref: MA:0000367 ! liver sinusoid
xref: TAO:0005091 ! hepatic sinusoid
xref: ZFA:0005091 ! hepatic sinusoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Sinusoid ! Hepatic Sinusoid
xref: EHDAA2:0000999 ! liver hepatic sinusoids
xref: EMAPA:17365 ! hepatic sinusoids
is_a: UBERON:0003909 ! sinuosoid
intersection_of: UBERON:0003909 ! sinuosoid
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004647 ! liver lobule
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0001113 ! lobe of liver
xref: SCTID:67435004 ! Entire hepatic sinusoid
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000708", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1053/ax.2000.7133 Crawshaw GJ\, Weinkle TK\, Clinical and pathological aspects of the amphibian liver. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006877 {source="reference_0000032"} ! vasculature of liver
xref: UMLS:C0227523

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001284
name: renal column
def: "The renal column (or Bertin column, or column of Bertin) is a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids. It allows the cortex to be better anchored. Each column consists of lines of blood vessels and urinary tubes and a fibrous material. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Renal_column]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "renal column of bertini" EXACT []
xref: FMA:17633 ! Renal column
xref: MA:0001651 ! renal column
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Illu_kidney2.jpg/200px-Illu_kidney2.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002189 ! outer cortex of kidney
synonym: "columnae renales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Renal_column]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Illu_kidney2.jpg
synonym: "kidney column" EXACT [MA:0001651]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005167
name: papillary duct
def: "The terminal portions of the medullary collecting ducts are the papillary ducts, which end at the renal papilla and empty into a minor calyx." [Encyclopedia:http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/]
synonym: "duct of Bellini" RELATED []
synonym: "Bellini's duct" RELATED [MP:0011331]
xref: BTO:0004540 ! papillary duct
xref: MA:0001646 ! papillary duct
xref: SCTID:110623009 ! Papillary duct of kidney
synonym: "papillary duct of kidney" EXACT [SCTID:110623009]
is_a: UBERON:0001232 ! collecting duct of renal tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006534 ! renal convoluted tubule
name: renal convoluted tubule
synonym: "convoluted tubule" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001665 ! renal convoluted tubule
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of renal tubule
xref: SCTID:361333002 ! Entire convoluted renal tubule
xref: ncithesaurus:Convoluted_Tubule ! Convoluted Tubule
synonym: "kidney convoluted tubule" EXACT [MA:0001665]
xref: UMLS:C1707510

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004134 ! proximal tubule
name: proximal tubule
def: "In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]." [GO:0072014]
comment: todo - ensure definition works across species.
synonym: "renal proximal tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal kidney tubule" EXACT [MESH:A05.810.453.736.560.570]
xref: MA:0002611 ! renal proximal tubule
xref: BTO:0001498 ! renal proximal tubule
xref: EMAPA:28281 ! renal proximal tubule
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.560.570 ! proximal kidney tubule
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {notes="checkme"} ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001231 {source="multiple"} ! nephron tubule
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001289 {source="GO"} ! descending limb of loop of Henle
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001230 {source="GO"} ! glomerular capsule
synonym: "kidney proximal tubule" EXACT [MA:0002611]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001287
name: proximal convoluted tubule
def: "The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle[WP]" [Wikipedia:Proximal_convoluted_tubule]
comment: TODO - cleanly define difference between proximal tubule and proximal convoluted tubule. Make definition applicable across species.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tubulus convolutus proximalis" RELATED LATIN []
synonym: "first convoluted tubule" RELATED []
synonym: "1st convoluted tubule" RELATED []
synonym: "PCT" RELATED []
synonym: "proximal convoluted renal tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "tubulus contortus proximalis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:17693 ! Proximal convoluted tubule
xref: MA:0001669 ! proximal convoluted tubule
xref: ZFA:0005290 ! proximal convoluted tubule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
xref: EMAPA:28287 ! renal proximal convoluted tubule
xref: EV:0100388 ! renal proximal convoluted tubule
is_a: UBERON:0006534 ! renal convoluted tubule
is_a: UBERON:0004134 ! proximal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {notes="checkme"} ! cortex of kidney
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {source="Wikipedia"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
xref: SCTID:362220008 ! Entire proximal convoluted renal tubule
xref: TAO:0005290 ! proximal convoluted tubule
synonym: "tubulus contortus proximalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Proximal_convoluted_tubule]
xref: ncithesaurus:Proximal_Convoluted_Tube ! proximal convoluted tube
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png
property_value: external_definition "Renal tubule that connects to the renal corpuscle.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005290", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C1514580

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001290
name: proximal straight tubule
alt_id: UBERON:0005166
def: "part of the descending limb of the renal tubule, extending from the proximal convoluted tubule to the thin tubule[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Proximal_straight_tubule, BTO:0000055]
comment: TODO - is S3 exactly coincident with PST? Check also relationship to DL. todo - ensure relationships work across species (loop of Henle)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pars recta" RELATED []
synonym: "S3" EXACT [GO:0072020]
synonym: "proximal tubule segment 3" RELATED [MA:0002614]
synonym: "thick descending limb of proximal tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "tubulus rectus proximalis" EXACT []
synonym: "pars recta tubuli renalis" RELATED [BTO:0000055]
xref: FMA:17716 ! Proximal straight tubule
xref: MA:0002614 ! proximal straight tubule
xref: ZFA:0005291 ! proximal straight tubule
xref: BTO:0000055 ! pars recta
xref: EMAPA:29661 ! renal proximal straight tubule
is_a: UBERON:0007685 {source="FMA"} ! region of nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004134 {source="MA-isa"} ! proximal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001289 {source="MA"} ! descending limb of loop of Henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006542 {source="MA"} ! outer medulla outer stripe loop of henle
xref: TAO:0005291 ! proximal straight tubule
property_value: external_definition "Portion of the renal tubule which is just posterior to the proximal convoluted tubule.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005291", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009622
name: pronephric proximal straight tubule
def: "A proximal straight tubule that is part of a pronephros." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-071029-9]
xref: TAO:0002239 ! pronephric proximal straight tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0001290 ! proximal straight tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: ZFA:0001621 ! pronephric proximal straight tubule
synonym: "proximal straight tubules" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0002239]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006173 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric proximal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005309 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001288
name: loop of Henle
def: "Portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. The loop has a hairpin bend in the renal medulla. The main function of this structure is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney. By means of a countercurrent multiplier system, which utilizes sodium pumps, it creates an area of high sodium concentration deep in the medulla, near the collecting duct. Water present in the filtrate in the collecting duct flows through aquaporin channels out of the collecting duct, moving passively down its concentration gradient. This process reabsorbs water and creates a concentrated urine for excretion[WP]." [Wikipedia:Loop_of_Henle]
comment: Note that the definitions of some kidney parts refer to Henle's loop, even in species where this may not be present. Requires review.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ansa nephroni" EXACT [Wikipedia:Loop_of_Henle]
synonym: "Henle loop" EXACT []
synonym: "henle's loop" EXACT []
xref: FMA:17698 ! Loop of Henle
xref: GAID:437 ! loop of henle
xref: VHOG:0001270 ! loop of Henle
xref: MA:0001675 ! loop of henle
xref: ncithesaurus:Loop_of_Henle ! Henle's Loop
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
xref: BTO:0004608 ! Henles loop
xref: EMAPA:29665 ! loop of Henle of outer stripe of outer medulla (also: UBERON:0006542 'outer medulla outer stripe loop of henle')
xref: EMAPA:29679 ! loop of Henle of inner stripe of outer medulla (also: UBERON:0006541 'outer medulla inner stripe loop of henle')
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.560.610 ! loop of henle
xref: EV:0100390 ! loop of Henle
intersection_of: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001287 ! proximal convoluted tubule
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001292 ! distal convoluted tubule
xref: SCTID:361335009 ! Entire henle's loop
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png
property_value: external_definition "A highly specialized segment of the mammalian kidney tubules, that dips into the medulla. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, p.648, see_Liem_KF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001270", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0023986

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001289
name: descending limb of loop of Henle
def: "Portion of the renal tubule constituting the first part of the loop of Henle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_henle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "descending limb of Henle's loop" EXACT []
synonym: "loop of Henle descending limb" EXACT []
synonym: "descending limb" BROAD []
xref: FMA:17705 ! Descending limb of loop of Henle
xref: MA:0001679 ! loop of henle descending limb
xref: ncithesaurus:Descending_Limb_of_the_Henle_s_Loop ! Descending Limb of Henle's Loop
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
is_a: UBERON:0007685 {source="FMA"} ! region of nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001288 {source="FMA"} ! loop of Henle
xref: SCTID:245350001 ! Entire descending limb of Henle's loop
xref: UMLS:C0227657

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005096
name: descending thin limb
alt_id: UBERON:0005165
def: "The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle[GO]." [GO:0072022, Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "loop of henle thin descending limb" EXACT [MA:0002625]
synonym: "descending thin limb of loop of Henle" EXACT []
synonym: "loop of Henle descending thin limb" EXACT []
synonym: "thin descending limb" EXACT []
synonym: "pars descendens (tubulus attenuatus)" EXACT [FMA:17719]
synonym: "descending limb of henle%27s loop" RELATED [Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
synonym: "descending limb of loop of henle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
synonym: "thin descending limb of loop of henle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
synonym: "thin descending limb of the loop of henle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
synonym: "thin descending loop of henle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
xref: FMA:17719 ! descending thin limb
xref: MA:0002625 ! loop of henle thin descending limb
xref: FMA:17719 ! descending thin limb 
xref: EMAPA:28325 ! thin descending limb of loop of Henle, outer medullary portion
xref: EMAPA:28355 ! thin descending limb of loop of Henle, inner medullary portion
xref: EMAPA:29681 ! thin descending limb of loop of Henle of inner stripe of outer medulla
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001288 ! loop of Henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004136 ! intermediate tubule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005164 ! ascending limb of loop of Henle
name: ascending limb of loop of Henle
def: "the distal part of the loop of Henle that is impermeable to water and actively pumps sodium out of the filtrate to generate the hypertonic interstitium that drives countercurrent exchange; it consists of an initial very thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium followed by a distal thick segment lined by simple cuboidal epithelium[MP]." [Wikipedia:Ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle, MP:0011342]
comment: TODO: thick/thin check. Also relationship to distal tubule. We need a home for MA:0002634-renal straight tubule
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ascending limb" BROAD []
synonym: "ascending limb of Henle's loop" EXACT []
synonym: "distal straight tubule" RELATED []
synonym: "loop of Henle ascending limb" EXACT [MP:0011342]
xref: FMA:17717 ! Ascending limb of loop of Henle
xref: MA:0001676 ! loop of henle ascending limb
xref: ncithesaurus:Ascending_Limb_of_the_Henle_s_Loop ! Ascending Limb of Henle's Loop
is_a: UBERON:0004135 ! distal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001288 ! loop of Henle
xref: SCTID:245434005 ! Entire ascending limb of Henle's loop
xref: UMLS:C0227658

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004193
name: loop of Henle ascending limb thin segment
def: "A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water" [GO:0072021, Wikipedia:Thin_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
comment: check relationship to distal tubule
synonym: "ascending thin limb" EXACT [FMA:17720]
synonym: "thin ascending limb" EXACT [EMAPA:28328]
synonym: "ascending limb thin segment of loop of Henle" EXACT []
synonym: "thin ascending limb of loop of Henle" EXACT []
synonym: "pars ascendens (tubulus attenuatus)" EXACT [FMA:17720]
xref: EMAPA:28328 ! thin ascending limb of loop of Henle, outer medullary portion
xref: EMAPA:28361 ! thin ascending limb of loop of Henle, inner medullary portion
xref: FMA:17720 ! Ascending thin limb
xref: MA:0001678 ! loop of henle ascending limb thin segment
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005164 ! ascending limb of loop of Henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003455 ! inner renal medulla loop of henle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001291
name: thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
def: "a segment of the nephron in the kidney. It can be divided into two parts: that in the renal medulla, and that in the renal cortex[Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]." [Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
comment: TODO: thick/thin check. Also - does the loop of Henle overlap the distal convoluted tubule? FMA divides DCT into straight and convoluted portions
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thick ascending limb" EXACT []
synonym: "ascending thick limb" EXACT []
synonym: "distal straight tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "straight portion of distal convoluted renal tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "thick ascending limb of Henle's loop" EXACT []
synonym: "loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment" EXACT [MA:0001677]
synonym: "straight portion of distal convoluted tubule" EXACT [FMA:17722]
synonym: "thick ascending limb of distal tubule" EXACT [FMA:17722]
synonym: "tubulus rectus distalis" EXACT [FMA:17722]
xref: FMA:17722 ! straight portion of distal convoluted tubule
xref: EMAPA:28396 ! distal straight tubule of renal distal tubule
xref: EMAPA:29671 ! distal straight tubule of loop of Henle of outer stripe of outer medulla
xref: MA:0001677 ! loop of henle ascending limb thick segment
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
is_a: UBERON:0004135 ! distal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005164 ! ascending limb of loop of Henle
xref: SCTID:244953001 ! Entire straight portion of distal convoluted renal tubule
synonym: "tubulus rectus distalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004135 ! distal tubule
name: distal tubule
def: "The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that consists of the convoluted and straight distal tubule segments" [GO:0072017]
synonym: "renal distal tubule" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002633 ! renal distal tubule
xref: BTO:0000482 ! renal distal tubule
xref: EMAPA:28387 ! renal distal tubule
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.560.540 ! distal kidney tubule
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
synonym: "kidney distal tubule" EXACT [MA:0002633]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001292
name: distal convoluted tubule
def: "a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system." [Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tubulus convolutus distalis" RELATED LATIN []
synonym: "distal convoluted renal tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "second convoluted tubule" RELATED []
synonym: "tubulus contortus distalis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:17721 ! Distal convoluted tubule
xref: MA:0001666 ! distal convoluted tubule
xref: ncithesaurus:Distal_Convoluted_Tubule ! Distal Convoluted Tubule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kidney_nephron.png/200px-Kidney_nephron.png
xref: EMAPA:28393 ! distal convoluted tubule (also: UBERON:0005101 'early distal convoluted tubule') (also: UBERON:0005102 'late distal convoluted tubule')
xref: EV:0100389 ! renal distal convoluted tubule
is_a: UBERON:0004135 ! distal tubule
is_a: UBERON:0006534 ! renal convoluted tubule
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 ! metanephric mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
xref: SCTID:361336005 ! Entire distal convoluted renal tubule
synonym: "tubulus contortus distalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Kidney_nephron.png
xref: UMLS:C0022676

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004136
name: intermediate tubule
def: "The intermediate tubule is a nephron tubule that lies between the proximal and distal tubules" [GO:0072018]
comment: todo - check for applicability across species
synonym: "renal intermediate tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "tubulus attenuatus" EXACT [FMA:17718]
xref: FMA:17718 ! intermediate tubule 
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001288 {source="FMA"} ! loop of Henle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001293
name: outer medulla of kidney
def: "The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla[GO]." [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
synonym: "outer renal medulla" EXACT []
synonym: "outer zone of medulla of kidney" EXACT []
synonym: "outer zone of renal medulla" EXACT []
synonym: "renal outer medulla" EXACT [BTO:0001746]
synonym: "kidney outer medulla" RELATED [BTO:0001746]
xref: FMA:17733 ! Set of outer region of renal pyramids
xref: MA:0001653 ! outer renal medulla
xref: BTO:0001746 ! renal outer medulla
xref: EMAPA:28310 ! outer medulla
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000362 ! renal medulla
synonym: "zona externa (medullaris renalis)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:17733]
synonym: "set of outer region of renal pyramids" RELATED [FMA:17733]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001294
name: inner medulla of kidney
def: "Innermost region of the mammalian kidney." [GO:0072053]
comment: Taxon notes: unique to mammals[GO:0072053]
synonym: "inner renal medulla" EXACT []
synonym: "inner zone of medulla of kidney" EXACT []
synonym: "inner zone of renal medulla" EXACT []
synonym: "set of inner region of renal pyramids" EXACT []
synonym: "renal inner medulla" EXACT [BTO:0001745]
synonym: "kidney inner medulla" RELATED [BTO:0001745]
xref: FMA:17734 ! Set of inner region of renal pyramids
xref: MA:0001652 ! inner renal medulla
xref: BTO:0001745 ! renal inner medulla
xref: EMAPA:28349 ! inner medulla
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000362 ! renal medulla
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="GO:0072053"} ! Mammalia
synonym: "zona interna (medullaris renalis)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:17734]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010008
name: mammalian cotyledon
def: "Round structure consisting of chorionic villi[PMID]. A separations of the decidua basalis of the placenta, separated by placental septa. Each cotyledon consists of a main stem of a chorionic villus as well as its branches and subbranches. The cotyledons receive fetal blood from chorionic vessels, which branch off cotyledon vessels into the cotyledons, which, in turn, branch into capillaries. The cotyledons are surrounded by maternal blood, which can exchange oxygen and nutrients with the fetal blood in the capillaries[WP]." [Wikipedia:Placental_cotyledon, PMID:19829370]
synonym: "cotyledon" BROAD []
comment: Rodents have a single cotyledon (called a discoid placenta), whereas humans have multiple cotyledons, although they are consolidated into a cluster that resembles a single disc[PMID:19829370]
xref: ncithesaurus:Cotyledon ! Cotyledon
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002450 ! decidua
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Placental_cotyledon.png
xref: UMLS:C0242769

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004547
name: decidua capsularis
def: "Endometrium that covers the implanted blastocyst." [http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm]
xref: FMA:86478 ! Decidua capsularis
xref: MA:0002906 ! decidua capsularis
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002450 ! decidua
xref: ncithesaurus:Decidua_Capsularis ! Decidua Capsularis
xref: SCTID:255498003 ! Entire decidua capsularis
xref: UMLS:C0230964

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000453
name: decidua basalis
def: "Region between the blastocyst and the myometrium." [http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm]
comment: development notes: As the embryo enlarges, the decidua capsularis becomes stretched and smooth.  Eventually the decidua capsularis merges with the decidua parietalis, obliterating the uterine cavity
synonym: "decidua serotina" RELATED [BTO:0002819]
xref: BTO:0002819
xref: FMA:86477 ! Decidua basalis
xref: MA:0002905 ! decidua basalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Decidua_Basalis ! Decidua Basalis
xref: EFO:0001918 ! decidua basalis
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002450 ! decidua
xref: SCTID:362841006 ! Entire decidua basalis
xref: UMLS:C0230965

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006878
name: decidua parietalis
def: "The part of the decidua in the pregnant human female lining the uterus." [Fast_Health_Medical_Dictionary:http://www.fasthealth.com/dictionary/]
synonym: "decidua vera" RELATED [BTO:0000334]
xref: BTO:0000334 ! decidua parietalis
xref: FMA:86479 ! decidual parietalis
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002450 ! decidua
xref: ncithesaurus:Decidua_Parietalis ! Decidua Parietalis
xref: SCTID:255413006 ! Entire decidua parietalis
synonym: "decidual parietalis" EXACT [FMA:86479]
xref: UMLS:C0230963

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001295
name: endometrium
def: "inner mucous membrane of the mammalian uterus." [Wikipedia:Endometrium]
comment: Taxon notes: nimals that have estrous cycles reabsorb the endometrium if conception does not occur during that cycle. Animals that have menstrual cycles shed the endometrium through menstruation instead. AO notes: in FMA this is subdivided into basal and outer. In MA there is a single child term, endometrium epithelium
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tunica mucosa (endometrium)" EXACT  [FMA:17742]
synonym: "tunica mucosa uteri" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Endometrium]
synonym: "uterine endometrium" EXACT [BTO:0001422]
xref: FMA:17742 ! Endometrium
xref: GAID:377 ! endometrium
xref: VHOG:0001285 ! endometrium
xref: MA:0000390 ! endometrium
xref: MAT:0000319 ! endometrium
xref: MIAA:0000319 ! endometrium
xref: ncithesaurus:Endometrium
xref: EFO:0000980 ! endometrium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg
xref: BTO:0001422 ! uterine endometrium
xref: EMAPA:29917 ! endometrium (also: UBERON:0002450 'decidua')
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.679.490 ! endometrium
xref: EV:0100115 ! endometrium
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000459 {source="FMA"} ! uterine wall
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:278867007 ! Entire endometrium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The mucous membrane lining the uterus. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001285", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Endometrium", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The maternal part of the placenta (of eutherian mammals) is the vascularized and glandular uterine lining, or endometrium.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001285", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.144", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "endometrial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014180

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004811
name: endometrium epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a endometrium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Taxon/histology notes:  In rodents and primates, the uterine epithelium (the endometrium) is eroded away so that maternal blood comes into direct contact with the trophoblast surface (called haemochorial) [PMID:19829370]
synonym: "endometrium epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of endometrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of endometrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of tunica mucosa (endometrium)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine epithelium" RELATED [PMID:19829370]
xref: MA:0002731 ! endometrium epithelium
xref: SCTID:253526009 ! Entire endometrial surface epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001295 ! endometrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012276
name: endometrium glandular epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0006799 ! glandular epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004811 {source="MA"} ! endometrium epithelium
xref: MA:0002732 ! endometrium glandular epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001296 ! myometrium
name: myometrium
def: "middle layer of the uterine wall consisting of smooth muscle cells and supporting stromal and vascular tissue." [Wikipedia:Myometrium]
comment: The inner layer of the uterine wall is the endometrium or uterine lining, and the outer layer the serosa or perimetrium. The myometrium stretches (the smooth muscle cells expand in both size and number[1]) during pregnancy to allow for the harboring of the pregnancy, and contracts in a coordinated fashion during the process of labor. After delivery the myometrium contracts to expel the placenta and reduce blood loss.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tunica muscularis (myometrium)" EXACT []
synonym: "uterine smooth muscle" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000907
xref: FMA:17743 ! Myometrium
xref: GAID:171 ! myometrium
xref: VHOG:0001281 ! myometrium
xref: MA:0000391 ! myometrium
xref: MeSH:D009215
xref: ncithesaurus:Myometrium
xref: EFO:0001970 ! myometrium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg
xref: EMAPA:29923 ! myometrium
xref: MESH:A02.633.570.500 ! myometrium
xref: EV:0100116 ! myometrium
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000459 {source="FMA"} ! uterine wall
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001297 ! serosa of uterus
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001295 ! endometrium
xref: SCTID:279879004 ! Entire myometrium
synonym: "tunica muscularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Myometrium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The muscular wall of the uterus. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001281", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myometrium", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In all mammals, the uterus develops as a specialization of the paramesonephric or Müllerian ducts, which gives rise to the infundibula, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina. Morphogenetic events common to development of all uteri include: 1) differentiation and growth of the myometrium, 2) differentiation and morphogenesis of the endometrial glands, and 3) organization and stratification of endometrial stroma. Uterine development is initiated in the fetus, but is only completed postnatally with differentiation and development of the endometrial glands.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001281", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:15471813 Spencer TE\, Bazer FW\, Uterine and placental factors regulating conceptus growth in domestic animals. Journal of Animal Science (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "myometrial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0027088

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011643
name: puboischiofemoralis internus muscle
def: "a single large dorsal limb rotator muscle in lower tetrapods that runs from the lumber region and girdle to the femur." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Taxon notes: 3 muscles differentiate from this: psoas, iliacus and pectineus.
synonym: "puboischiofemoralis internus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="Kardong"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002414 {source="Kardong"} ! lumbar vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011644
name: puboischiofemoralis externus muscle
def: "a single large ventral muscle in lower tetrapods that runs from the pubis and aschium to the femur." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Taxon notes: obturator externus and quadratus femoris are derivatives
synonym: "puboischiofemoralis externus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="Kardong"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001274 ! ischium
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 ! pubis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011645
name: iliofemoralis muscle
def: "Limb extensor that runs from ilium to femur." [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "iliofemoralis" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
intersection_of: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 ! femur
intersection_of: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001273 ! ilium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008450
name: psoas muscle
def: "A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek \"psoa\", the plural meaning \"muscles of the loin\". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology." [MESH:A02.633.567.825, Wikipedia:Psoas]
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.825
is_a: UBERON:0008549 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! prevertebral muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001370 {source="dbpedia-abduced"} ! gluteus maximus
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0009624 {source="dbpedia-abduced"} ! lumbar nerve
synonym: "psoas" EXACT [MA:0002553]
synonym: "psoas" EXACT [BTO:0001140]
xref: BTO:0001140 ! psoas
xref: MA:0002553 ! psoas muscle
xref: galen:Psoas
xref: ncithesaurus:Psoas_Muscle ! Psoas Muscle
xref: SCTID:276167002 ! Entire psoas muscle
xref: UMLS:C0085221

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001298
name: psoas major muscle
def: "The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. In less than 50 per cent of subjects the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Psoas_major_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "m. psoas major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Psoas_major_muscle]
synonym: "psoas major" EXACT [MA:0002358]
xref: FMA:18060 ! Psoas major
xref: MA:0002358 ! psoas major
xref: ncithesaurus:Psoas_Major ! Psoas Major
xref: BTO:0001877 ! psoas major
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwU5ZfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! psoas major muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: EMAPA:18169 ! psoas major
xref: SCTID:244952006 ! Entire psoas major muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008450 {source="MA"} ! psoas
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002504 {source="dbpedia", notes="in the lesser trochanter of the femur"} ! lesser trochanter
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0009624 {source="dbpedia", notes="Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1-L3 nerves"} ! lumbar nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="Transverse processes of T12-L5 and the lateral aspects of the discs between them"} ! transverse process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0224419

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001372
name: psoas minor muscle
def: "The psoas minor is a long, slender skeletal muscle that, when present, is placed in front of the psoas major muscle.  [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Psoas_minor_muscle]
comment: Human variation notes: It is absent in 40% of individuals.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "psoas minor" EXACT [MA:0002359]
xref: FMA:22350 ! Psoas minor
xref: MA:0002359 ! psoas minor
xref: ncithesaurus:Psoas_Minor ! Psoas Minor
xref: BTO:0001878 ! psoas minor
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gray430.png/200px-Gray430.png
xref: EMAPA:18170 ! psoas minor
xref: SCTID:244954007 ! Entire psoas minor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008450 {source="MA"} ! psoas
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001075 {source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral surface bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc"} ! body of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="pectineal line"} ! pubis
synonym: "m. psoas minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Psoas_minor_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Gray430.png
xref: UMLS:C0224420

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013238 ! future glans
name: future glans
is_a: UBERON:0005423  ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011757 ! differentiated genital tubercle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013239
name: future glans penis
synonym: "glans of male genital tubercle" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0013238 ! future glans
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006261 ! male genital tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006261 {source="EMAPA"} ! male genital tubercle
xref: EMAPA:29288 ! glans penis of genital tubercle of male

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013240
name: future glans clitoris
synonym: "glans of female genital tubercle" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0013238 ! future glans
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006233 ! female genital tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006233 {source="EMAPA"} ! female genital tubercle
xref: EMAPA:19170 ! glans clitoris of genital tubercle of female

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001299
name: glans penis
def: "The glans penis (or simply glans) is the sensitive bulbous structure at the distal end of the penis. It is also commonly referred to as the 'head' of the penis. The glans penis is anatomically homologous to the clitoral glans of the female. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Glans_penis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coronal sulcus" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Glans_penis]
synonym: "balanus" RELATED [BTO:0003118]
synonym: "glans" BROAD [EV:0100108]
xref: FMA:18247 ! Glans penis
xref: GAID:0000012 ! glans penis
xref: VHOG:0001475 ! glans penis
xref: MA:0002726 ! glans penis
xref: ncithesaurus:Glans_Penis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCpE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0003118 ! glans penis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCpE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! glans penis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_anatomy.png/200px-Male_anatomy.png
xref: EMAPA:18988 ! glans penis of penis
xref: EV:0100108 ! glans
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: sexually_homologous_to UBERON:0006653 ! glans clitoris
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013239 {source="cjm"} ! future glans penis
xref: SCTID:263378009 ! Entire glans penis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Anteriorglanspenis.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0227948

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006653
name: glans clitoris
def: "Erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris, which is continuous with the intermediate part of the vestibulovaginal bulbs[BTO]. The clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) is an external portion of the clitoris[WP]." [Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans, BTO:0003117]
synonym: "glans clitoridis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans]
synonym: "glans clitoris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Clitoral_glans]
synonym: "clitoris glans" EXACT [FMA:19999]
xref: FMA:19999 ! Glans of clitoris
xref: EMAPA:19170 ! glans clitoris of genital tubercle of female
xref: EMAPA:30829 ! glans clitoris of clitoris
xref: BTO:0003117 ! glans clitoridis
is_a: UBERON:0008324 ! erectile tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002411 ! clitoris
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013240 {source="cjm"} ! future glans clitoris
xref: ncithesaurus:Glans_Clitoris ! Glans Clitoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Clitoris_inner_anatomy.gif
xref: SCTID:362241002 ! Entire glans clitoridis
synonym: "glans of clitoris" EXACT [FMA:19999]
xref: UMLS:C0227769

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013128
name: bulb of penis
def: "Just before each crus of the penis meets its fellow it presents a slight enlargement, named by Kobelt the bulb of the corpus spongiosum penis. It is homologous to the vestibular bulbs in females." [Wikipedia:Bulb_of_penis]
synonym: "bulbus penis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Bulb_of_penis]
synonym: "bulb of the corpus cavernosum penis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulb_of_penis]
synonym: "bulb of the corpus spongiousum penis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulb_of_penis]
synonym: "bulb of the penis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulb_of_penis]
synonym: "bulb of the urethra" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulb_of_penis]
synonym: "urethral bulb" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bulb_of_penis]
synonym: "penile bulb" EXACT  [FMA:19614]
synonym: "urethral bulb" EXACT  [FMA:19614]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001299 {source="FMA"} ! glans penis
xref: FMA:19614 ! bulb of penis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013129
name: bulb of vestibule
def: "aggregations of erectile tissue that are an internal part of the clitoris. They can also be found throughout the vestibule: next to the clitoral body, clitoral crura, urethra, urethral sponge, and vagina." [Wikipedia:Vestibular_bulbs]
synonym: "vestibular bulb" EXACT  [FMA:20199]
synonym: "clitoral bulb" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vestibular_bulbs]
synonym: "bulbus vestibuli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vestibular_bulbs]
synonym: "bulbus vestibuli vaginae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibular_bulbs]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 {source="FMA"} ! female reproductive system
relationship: sexually_homologous_to UBERON:0013128 ! bulb of penis
xref: FMA:20199 ! bulb of vestibule
property_value: external_definition "Cavernous organ, located in labium minus . Examples: There iare only two bulbs of vestibule, the right and the left.[FMA]" xsd:string {ontology="FMA", source="FMA:20199"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001300 ! scrotum
name: scrotum
def: "In some male mammals the scrotum (also referred to as the cod) is a protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles. It is an extension of the abdomen, and is located between the penis and anus. In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with pubic hair at puberty. In common speech, the scrotum is often improperly referred to as the testicles, which actually refer to organs encased inside the scrotum. The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females. It becomes tight when sexually aroused. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scrotum]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:18252 ! Scrotum
xref: GAID:393 ! scrotum
xref: MA:0000409 ! scrotum
xref: ncithesaurus:Scrotum ! Scrotum
xref: BTO:0003098 ! scrotum
xref: galen:Scrotum ! scrotum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUC_upwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! scrotum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/HairedHumanScrotum.png/200px-HairedHumanScrotum.png
xref: EMAPA:19296 ! scrotum
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.661 ! scrotum
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004053 ! external male genitalia
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011756 {source="Wikipedia"} ! male genital swelling
xref: SCTID:265794003 ! Entire scrotum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Scrotum_warm_and_cold.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "scrotal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0036471

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001302
name: right uterine tube
def: "A fallopian tube that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "right fallopian tube" EXACT []
synonym: "right oviduct" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18483 ! Right uterine tube
xref: MA:0001717 ! right oviduct
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Fallopian_Tube ! Right Fallopian Tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0003889 ! oviduct
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:280106006 ! Entire right fallopian tube
xref: UMLS:C0227900

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001303
name: left uterine tube
def: "A fallopian tube that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "left fallopian tube" EXACT []
synonym: "left oviduct" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18484 ! Left uterine tube
xref: MA:0001716 ! left oviduct
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Fallopian_Tube ! Left Fallopian Tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0003889 ! oviduct
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:280107002 ! Entire left fallopian tube
xref: UMLS:C0227902

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001305
name: ovarian follicle
def: "Ovarian follicles are the basic units of female reproductive biology, each of which is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. They contain a single oocyte (aka ovum or egg). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (e.g. once a month in humans)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "egg follicle" RELATED []
synonym: "follicle of ovary" EXACT []
synonym: "ovary follicle" EXACT []
synonym: "follicle of ovary viewed macroscopically" EXACT [FMA:18640]
xref: BTO:0000475
xref: FMA:18640 ! Follicle of ovary
xref: GAID:371 ! ovarian follicle
xref: VHOG:0001536 ! ovary follicle
xref: MA:0001707 ! ovary follicle
xref: MAT:0000449 ! ovarian follicle
xref: TAO:0001110 ! ovarian follicle
xref: ZFA:0001110 ! ovarian follicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Follicle ! Ovarian Follicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Primary_follicle-4.JPG/200px-Primary_follicle-4.JPG
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.114.630.535 ! ovarian follicle
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005296 ! ovary sex cord
xref: SCTID:361111009 ! Entire ovarian follicle
synonym: "folliculi ovarici primarii, folliculi ovarici vesiculosi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Human_ovarian_follicle.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Oocyte development of zebrafish has been divided into five stages based on morphological criteria and on physiological and biochemical events. Stage I follicles (less than 140 microns) are primary growth stage, stage II follicles (140-340 microns) are cortical alveolus stage, stage III (340-690 microns) are vitellogenesis, stage IV (690-730 microns) are oocyte maturation, and stage V follicles are matured egg. Selman et al, 1993.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001110", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001536", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T\, Capel B\, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0018120

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010185
name: rete ovarii
comment: Editor note: todo
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005296 ! ovary sex cord
xref: EMAPA:17966 ! rete ovarii of ovary
xref: SCTID:259261007 ! Entire rete ovarii
xref: ncithesaurus:Rete_Ovarii ! rete ovarii
xref: UMLS:C0227880

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013218
name: rete mirabile
def: "A rete mirabile (Latin for 'wonderful net'; plural retia mirabilia) is a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other, found in some vertebrates. The rete mirabile utilizes countercurrent blood flow within the net (blood flowing in opposite directions. ) It exchanges heat, ions, or gases between vessel walls so that the two bloodstreams within the rete maintain a gradient with respect to temperature, or concentration of gases or solutes." [Wikipedia:Rete_mirabile]
synonym: "red body" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rete_mirabile]
synonym: "red gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rete_mirabile]
synonym: "retie mirabilia" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Rete_mirabile]
synonym: "rete mirabilia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rete_mirabile]
synonym: "rete mirabilis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rete_mirabile]
synonym: "wonderful net" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rete_mirabile]
comment: GAT in FMA
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
xref: FMA:76728 ! rete mirabile

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013241 ! embryonic urethral groove
name: embryonic urethral groove
def: "The urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. In humans, it typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week." [Wikipedia:Urethral_groove]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004876 {source="Wikipedia"} ! urogenital ridge
synonym: "urethral groove" EXACT  []
synonym: "urethral sulcus" EXACT  []
synonym: "sulcus urethralis primarius" EXACT LATIN []
xref: SCTID:361531004 ! Urethral groove

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001306
name: cumulus oophorus
def: "At one part of the mature follicle, the cells of the membrana granulosa are collected into a mass which projects into the cavity of the follicle. This cluster of cells is termed the cumulus oophorus (Latin cumulus=heap, Greek oo=egg + phorus=carrying) discus proligerus, and it is released with the embedded oocyte during ovulation. In order for fertilization to occur this layer must be penetrated by the spermatocyte. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cumulus_oophorus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cumulus ovaricus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18659 ! Cumulus oophorus
xref: MA:0002414 ! cumulus oophorus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray1164.png/200px-Gray1164.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005170 ! ovary stratum granulosum
xref: SCTID:258586009 ! Entire cumulus oophorus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1164.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001307
name: capsule of ovary
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "ovarian capsule" EXACT []
synonym: "ovary capsule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18662 ! Capsule of ovary
xref: MA:0001706 ! ovary capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Capsule ! Ovarian Capsule
is_a: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
xref: SCTID:258491008 ! Entire capsule of ovary
def: "A capsule that surrounds a female gonad." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0227877

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005609
name: iliac artery
def: "Any of the arteries that arise from a bifurcation of the aorta supplying the pelvic or abdomen. Examples: Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Internal iliac artery" [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Iliac_artery]
comment: Usage notes: this is an extremely loose and flexible grouping class that is the superclass of the mammalian common iliac and its main brahces, together with analagous structures in other tetrapods. AO notes: we place the XAO structure here for now. In terms of analagy, it is more closely related to common iliac, but the relationships currently attached to this class are mammal specific
subset: grouping_class
xref: MA:0001971 ! iliac artery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000807 ! iliac artery
xref: BTO:0004665 ! iliac artery
xref: EMAPA:17309 ! iliac artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.444 ! iliac artery
xref: EHDAA:2551 ! iliac artery
xref: BTO:0004665 ! iliac artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005628 ! ileal artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliac_Artery ! Iliac Artery
xref: galen:IliacArtery
xref: SCTID:244330006 ! Entire iliac artery
xref: XAO:0000361 ! arteria iliaca communis
xref: UMLS:C0020887

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001191
name: common iliac artery
def: "The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery]
comment: See notes for parent class
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "common iliac arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14764 ! Common iliac artery
xref: MA:0001972 ! common iliac artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Common_Iliac_Artery ! Common Iliac Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvkZ7ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! common iliac artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000311 ! common iliac artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Iliac_artery_bifurcation_and_aorta.PNG/200px-Iliac_artery_bifurcation_and_aorta.PNG
xref: EMAPA:17310 ! common of iliac artery
xref: EHDAA:2553 ! common of iliac artery
is_a: UBERON:0005609 {source="MA"} ! iliac artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005458 {source="EHDAA2", notes="requires review"} ! left umbilical artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005470 {source="EHDAA2", notes="requires review"} ! right umbilical artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia"} ! abdominal aorta
xref: SCTID:362050007 ! Entire common iliac artery
synonym: "arteria iliaca communis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Iliac_artery_bifurcation_and_aorta.PNG
xref: UMLS:C1261084

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001308
name: external iliac artery
def: "The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:18805 ! External iliac artery
xref: galen:ExternalIliacArtery
xref: MA:0001973 ! external iliac artery
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Iliac_Artery ! External Iliac Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvkh47pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! external iliac artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000463 ! external iliac artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray539.png/200px-Gray539.png
xref: BTO:0004666 ! external iliac artery
xref: EMAPA:17614 ! external of iliac artery
xref: EHDAA:4337 ! external of iliac artery
is_a: UBERON:0005609 {source="MA"} ! iliac artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001191 ! common iliac artery
xref: SCTID:181352000 ! Entire external iliac artery
synonym: "arteria iliaca externa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray539.png
xref: UMLS:C0226398

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001309
name: internal iliac artery
def: "The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hypogastric artery" RELATED  [BTO:0004667]
xref: FMA:18808 ! Internal iliac artery
xref: galen:InternalIliacArtery
xref: MA:0001974 ! internal iliac artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Iliac_Artery ! Internal Iliac Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Iliac_artery_bifurcation.PNG/200px-Iliac_artery_bifurcation.PNG
xref: BTO:0004667 ! internal iliac artery
xref: EMAPA:17860 ! internal of iliac artery
is_a: UBERON:0005609 {source="MA"} ! iliac artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001191 ! common iliac artery
xref: SCTID:181346001 ! Entire internal iliac artery
synonym: "arteria iliaca interna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Iliac_artery_bifurcation.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0226364

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010260
name: umbilical blood vessel
synonym: "umbilical cord blood vessel" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0002331 ! umbilical cord
def: "A blood vessel that overlaps a umbilical cord." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: SCTID:408728001 ! Structure of umbilical blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002066
name: umbilical vein
def: "The umbilical vein is a blood vessel present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Umbilical_vein]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:1034 ! umbilical vein
xref: EHDAA:488 ! umbilical vein
xref: FMA:70317 ! Umbilical vein
xref: GAID:542 ! umbilical vein
xref: MA:0002249 ! umbilical vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdu17MmWaEd2AAABQjYGu0g
xref: ncithesaurus:Umbilical_Vein ! Umbilical Vein
xref: BTO:0001509 ! umbilical vein
xref: EFO:0001940 ! umbilical vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdu17MmWaEd2AAABQjYGu0g ! umbilical vein
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002107 ! umbilical vein
xref: VHOG:0000015 ! extraembryonic umbilical vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray502.png/200px-Gray502.png
xref: EMAPA:16243 ! umbilical vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16375 ! umbilical vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.670.874 ! umbilical vein
xref: EV:0100392 ! umbilical vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002331 {source="cjm"} ! umbilical cord
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003422 ! mesenchyme of umbilical cord
xref: SCTID:367567000 ! Structure of umbilical vein
synonym: "vena umbilicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Umbilical_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray502.png
property_value: external_definition "Extraembryonic part of the vein passing through the umbilical cord to the fetus and returning the purified and nutrient blood from the placenta. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000015", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0041637

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005459
name: left umbilical vein
xref: FMA:70320 ! Left umbilical vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000967 ! left umbilical vein
xref: EMAPA:16358 ! left of umbilical vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16377 ! left of umbilical vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
intersection_of: UBERON:0002066 ! umbilical vein
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:308833008 ! Structure of left umbilical vein
def: "An umbilical vein that is in the left side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005471
name: right umbilical vein
xref: FMA:70319 ! Right umbilical vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001761 ! right umbilical vein
xref: EMAPA:16359 ! right of umbilical vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16378 ! right of umbilical vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
intersection_of: UBERON:0002066 ! umbilical vein
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:361447004 ! Structure of right umbilical vein
def: "An umbilical vein that is in the right side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007777
name: umbilical vein endothelium
xref: BTO:0001416 ! umbilical vein endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002066 ! umbilical vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002066 {source="BTO"} ! umbilical vein
def: "An endothelium that is part of a umbilical vein." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001310 ! umbilical artery
name: umbilical artery
def: "The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery]
comment: Editor notes: todo - compare with EHDAA2. Check embryonic vs extraembryonic, developmental relationships
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:18820 ! umbilical artery
xref: MA:0002072 ! umbilical artery
xref: BTO:0000841
xref: EHDAA:1026 ! umbilical artery
xref: EHDAA:410 ! umbilical artery
xref: GAID:516 ! umbilical artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rCWdhMGWbEd2AAABQjYGu0g
xref: ncithesaurus:Umbilical_Artery ! Umbilical Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rCWdhMGWbEd2AAABQjYGu0g ! umbilical artery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002106 ! umbilical artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray502.png/200px-Gray502.png
xref: EMAPA:16331 ! umbilical artery of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16372 ! umbilical artery of arterial system of cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.929 ! umbilical artery
xref: SCTID:261404000 ! Entire umbilical artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002331 {source="cjm"} ! umbilical cord
synonym: "a. umbilicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray502.png
xref: UMLS:C0041632

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011693 ! extraembryonic portion of umbilical artery
name: extraembryonic portion of umbilical artery
synonym: "extraembryonic umbilical artery" EXACT [VHOG:0001157]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001309 {source="FMA"} ! internal iliac artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001310 ! umbilical artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007807 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! connecting stalk blood vessels
xref: VHOG:0001157 ! extraembryonic umbilical artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011694
name: embryo portion of umbilical artery
def: "Each of the two arteries arising from the hypogastric arteries of the fetus and passing throught the umbilical cord to the placenta." [VHOG:0000599]
synonym: "embryonic umbilical artery" EXACT [VHOG:0000599]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004572 {source="VHOG"} ! arterial system
xref: VHOG:0000599 ! embryonic umbilical artery
property_value: external_definition "Each of the two arteries arising from the hypogastric arteries of the fetus and passing throught the umbilical cord to the placenta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000599", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007778
name: umbilical artery endothelium
xref: BTO:0000857 ! umbilical artery endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001986 {source="BTO"} ! endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001310 ! umbilical artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001310 {source="BTO"} ! umbilical artery
def: "An endothelium that is part of a umbilical artery." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011696
name: left extraembryonic umbilical artery
is_a: UBERON:0011693 ! extraembryonic portion of umbilical artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011695 ! embryonic cardiovascular system
xref: EHDAA2:0000937 ! extraembryonic umbilical artery left
synonym: "extraembryonic umbilical artery left" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000937]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011697
name: right extraembryonic umbilical artery
is_a: UBERON:0011693 ! extraembryonic portion of umbilical artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007807 {source="EHDAA2"} ! connecting stalk blood vessels
xref: EHDAA2:0001721 ! extraembryonic umbilical artery right
synonym: "extraembryonic umbilical artery right" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001721]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005458
name: left umbilical artery
xref: FMA:18822 ! Left umbilical artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000966 ! left umbilical artery
xref: EMAPA:16544 ! left of umbilical artery of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: VHOG:0000522 ! embryonic left umbilical artery
synonym: "embryonic left umbilical artery" EXACT [VHOG:0000522]
is_a: UBERON:0001310 ! umbilical artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011696 {source="EHDAA2", notes="check this"} ! left extraembryonic umbilical artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005613 {source="EHDAA2", notes="check this"} ! left dorsal aorta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005470
name: right umbilical artery
xref: FMA:18821 ! Right umbilical artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001760 ! right umbilical artery
xref: EMAPA:16545 ! right of umbilical artery of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: VHOG:0000523 ! embryonic right umbilical artery
synonym: "embryonic right umbilical artery" EXACT [VHOG:0000523]
is_a: UBERON:0001310 ! umbilical artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005622 {source="EHDAA2", notes="check this"} ! right dorsal aorta
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011697 {source="EHDAA2", notes="check this"} ! right extraembryonic umbilical artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007118
name: umbilicus
def: "The pit in the center of the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered in the fetus." [MESH:A01.047.849, Wikipedia:Navel]
synonym: "navel" EXACT [FMA:61584]
synonym: "umbilical part of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:61584]
synonym: "umbilical region" EXACT [FMA:61584]
xref: MESH:A01.047.849
xref: GAID:29 ! umbilicus
xref: FMA:61584 ! umbilicus
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: ncithesaurus:Umbilicus ! Umbilicus
xref: galen:Umbilicus
xref: SCTID:243961003 ! Entire umbilical region
property_value: has_relational_adjective "omphalo" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0041638

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009027 ! vesical artery
name: vesical artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
xref: SCTID:244307000 ! Entire vesical artery
xref: MA:0002078 ! vesical artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001311
name: inferior vesical artery
def: "The INF vesical artery is an artery in the pelvis that supplies the lower part of the bladder. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_vesical_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arteria vesicali inferior" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18823 ! Inferior vesical artery
xref: MA:0002079 ! inferior vesical artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Vesical_Artery ! Inferior Vesical Artery
is_a: UBERON:0009027 ! vesical artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0006082 ! fundus of urinary bladder
relationship: supplies UBERON:0001000 ! vas deferens
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000998 ! seminal vesicle
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002367 ! prostate gland
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
xref: SCTID:43210002 ! Entire inferior vesical artery
synonym: "arteria vesicalis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_vesical_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Inferiorvesical.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0006082 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! fundus of urinary bladder
xref: UMLS:C0226377

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001312
name: superior vesical artery
def: "The superior vesical artery supplies numerous branches to the upper part of the bladder. From one of these a slender vessel, the artery to the ductus deferens, takes origin and accompanies the duct in its course to the testis, where it anastomoses with the internal spermatic artery. Other branches supply the ureter. The first part of the superior vesical artery represents the terminal section of the previous portion of the umbilical artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arteria vesicalis superior" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18839 ! Superior vesical artery
xref: MA:0002080 ! superior vesical artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Vesical_Artery ! Superior Vesical Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Internal_iliac_branches.PNG/200px-Internal_iliac_branches.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0009027 ! vesical artery
xref: SCTID:113268007 ! Entire superior vesical artery
synonym: "arteriae vesicales superiores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Internal_iliac_branches.PNG
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001255 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! urinary bladder
xref: UMLS:C0226376

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001313
name: iliolumbar artery
def: "The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ilio-lumbar artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18845 ! Iliolumbar artery
xref: MA:0001976 ! ilio-lumbar artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliolumbar_Artery ! Iliolumbar Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:113267002 ! Entire iliolumbar artery
synonym: "arteria iliolumbalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png
xref: UMLS:C0226367

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001314
name: obturator artery
def: "The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Obturator_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:18865 ! Obturator artery
xref: MA:0002008 ! obturator artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Artery ! Obturator Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gray547.png/200px-Gray547.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:244302006 ! Entire obturator artery
synonym: "arteria obturatoria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Obturator_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gray547.png
xref: UMLS:C0226369

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001315
name: superior gluteal artery
def: "The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arteria glutealis superior" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18868 ! Superior gluteal artery
xref: MA:0002054 ! superior gluteal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Gluteal_Artery ! Superior Gluteal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray1244.png/200px-Gray1244.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
xref: SCTID:181354004 ! Entire superior gluteal artery
synonym: "arteria glutea superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1244.png
xref: UMLS:C0226371

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001316
name: external iliac vein
def: "The external iliac veins are large veins that connect the femoral veins to the common iliac veins. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:18883 ! External iliac vein
xref: galen:ExternalIliacVein
xref: MA:0002144 ! external iliac vein
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Iliac_Vein ! External Iliac Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQUYtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! external iliac vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000464 ! external iliac vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Iliac_veins.gif/200px-Iliac_veins.gif
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:181400000 ! Entire external iliac vein
synonym: "vena iliaca externa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Iliac_veins.gif
xref: UMLS:C0226761

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001317
name: internal iliac vein
def: "The internal iliac vein (hypogastric vein) begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:18884 ! Internal iliac vein
xref: galen:InternalIliacVein
xref: VHOG:0000749 ! internal iliac vein
xref: MA:0002145 ! internal iliac vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Iliac_Vein ! Internal Iliac Vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000874 ! internal iliac vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Internaliliacv.png/200px-Internaliliacv.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:181399007 ! Entire internal iliac vein
synonym: "v. iliaca interna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein]
synonym: "v. hypogastrica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Internaliliacv.png
xref: UMLS:C0226764

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001318
name: inferior vesical vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:18890 ! Inferior vesical vein
xref: MA:0002264 ! inferior vesical vein
is_a: UBERON:0002460 ! vesical vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001317 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal iliac vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012487
name: vaginal sphincter
synonym: "sphincter of vagina" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 ! Homo sapiens
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8509 ! Squamata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001319
name: vaginal vein
def: "The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vagina vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:18899 ! Vaginal vein
xref: MA:0002251 ! vaginal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gray589.png/200px-Gray589.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001317 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal iliac vein
xref: SCTID:424336009 ! Entire vaginal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001320
name: iliolumbar vein
def: "The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ilio-lumbar vein" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18902 ! Iliolumbar vein
xref: MA:0002146 ! ilio-lumbar vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliolumbar_Vein ! Iliolumbar Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001317 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal iliac vein
xref: SCTID:286793006 ! Entire iliolumbar vein
synonym: "vena iliolumbalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png
xref: UMLS:C0226760

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001321
name: obturator vein
def: "The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Obturator_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:18914 ! Obturator vein
xref: MA:0002183 ! obturator vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Vein ! Obturator Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001317 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal iliac vein
xref: SCTID:20146009 ! Entire obturator vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png
xref: UMLS:C0226776

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001322
name: sciatic nerve
def: "The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body. The sciatic supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. In humans, it is derived from spinal nerves L4 through S3. It contains fibres from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus. [WP,edited]." [Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve]
comment: Taxon notes: mouse sciatic nerve origins predominantly from the third lumbar (L3) and L4 spinal nerves, unlike the L4 and L5 in rats - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nervus ischiadicus" RELATED [BTO:0001221]
synonym: "nervus sciaticus" RELATED [BTO:0001221]
synonym: "ischiatic nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve]
synonym: "ischiadic nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve]
xref: BTO:0001221
xref: EHDAA:5659 ! sciatic nerve
xref: FMA:19034 ! Sciatic nerve
xref: GAID:852 ! sciatic nerve
xref: VHOG:0000894 ! sciatic nerve
xref: MA:0001172 ! sciatic nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1133 ! Sciatic nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7MlDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Sciatic_Nerve ! Sciatic Nerve
xref: EFO:0001417 ! sciatic nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7MlDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sciatic nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001779 ! sciatic nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray1244.png/200px-Gray1244.png
xref: EMAPA:18577 ! sciatic nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.760 ! sciatic nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000978 ! leg
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001815 ! lumbosacral nerve plexus
xref: SCTID:181050003 ! Entire sciatic nerve
synonym: "nervus ischiadicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1244.png
xref: UMLS:C0036394

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001323
name: tibial nerve
def: "The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tibial_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medial popliteal nerve" EXACT []
xref: FMA:19035 ! Tibial nerve
xref: GAID:854 ! tibial nerve
xref: MA:0001173 ! tibial nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibial_Nerve ! Tibial Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNya8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! tibial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gray828.png/200px-Gray828.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.760.820 ! tibial nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
xref: SCTID:181078002 ! Entire tibial nerve
synonym: "n. tibialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tibial_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Gray828.png
xref: UMLS:C0040186

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001324
name: common fibular nerve
def: "a nerve arising at the terminal division of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa and extending to the neck of the fibula, ultimately innervating the Peroneus muscle[MP]. The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. It descends obliquely along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa to the head of the fibula, close to the medial margin of the biceps femoris muscle. It lies between the tendon of the biceps femoris and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, winds around the neck of the fibula, between the peronæus longus and the bone, and divides beneath the muscle into the superficial peroneal nerve (superficial fibular nerve) and deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Common_fibular_nerve, MP:0011211]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "common peroneal nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneal nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "extrernal peroneal nerve" EXACT [MP:0011211]
synonym: "lateral popliteal nerve" EXACT [MP:0011211]
xref: FMA:19039 ! Common fibular nerve
xref: GAID:853 ! peroneal nerve
xref: MA:0001169 ! peroneal nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Peroneal_Nerve ! Peroneal Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvwKexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! common peroneal nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.760.640 ! peroneal nerve
xref: EFO:0003062 ! peroneal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
synonym: "nervus peroneus communis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19039]
xref: SCTID:181077007 ! Entire common peroneal nerve
synonym: "n. fibularis communis, n. peroneus communis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Common_fibular_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Gray832.png
xref: UMLS:C0031173

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001326
name: levator ani muscle
def: "The Levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity. It supports the viscera in pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures which pass through it. In combination with the Coccygeus muscle, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Levator_ani]
comment: Taxon notes: the levator ani muscle acts to lower the tail, in animals that have one
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "levator ani" EXACT [MA:0002332]
xref: FMA:19087 ! Levator ani
xref: MA:0002332 ! levator ani
xref: EMAPA:19165 ! levator ani
xref: ncithesaurus:Levator_Ani ! Levator Ani
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray404.png/200px-Gray404.png
xref: SCTID:181753008 ! Entire levator ani muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
synonym: "musculus levator ani" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_ani]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002355 {source="dbpedia", notes="inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis"} ! pelvis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray404.png
xref: UMLS:C0224384

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011511
name: iliococcygeus muscle
def: "The Iliococcygeus arises from the ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the obturator fascia, and is attached to the coccyx and anococcygeal raphC); it is usually thin, and may fail entirely, or be largely replaced by fibrous tissue. It is part of the levator ani group of muscles. An accessory slip at its posterior part is sometimes named the Iliosacralis." [Wikipedia:Iliococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus iliococcygeus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Iliococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "iliococcygeal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "iliococcygei" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "iliococcygeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "levator ani - iliococcygeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "levator ani-iliococcygeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliococcygeus_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001326 {source="FMA"} ! levator ani
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001350 ! coccyx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0009000 ! ischial spine
xref: FMA:19092 ! iliococcygeus
xref: SCTID:244964003 ! Entire iliococcygeus muscle
synonym: "iliococcygeus" EXACT [FMA:19092]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011512
name: puborectalis muscle
def: "The fibers which form a sling for the rectum are named the Puborectalis or Sphincter recti. They arise from the lower part of the symphysis pubis, and from the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. They meet with the corresponding fibers of the opposite side around the lower part of the rectum, and form for it a strong sling. Relaxation reduces the angle between rectum and anus, allowing defecation in conjunction with relaxation of the internal and external sphincters. Puborectalis is part of the levator ani group of muscles." [Wikipedia:Puborectalis_muscle]
synonym: "puborectalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Puborectalis_muscle]
synonym: "sphincter recti" RELATED [Wikipedia:Puborectalis_muscle]
synonym: "puborectalis" EXACT [FMA:19091]
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001326 {source="FMA"} ! levator ani
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003699 ! pubic symphysis
xref: SCTID:244962004 ! Entire puborectalis muscle
xref: FMA:19091 ! puborectalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011528 ! pubococcygeus muscle
name: pubococcygeus muscle
def: "The pubococcygeus muscle or PC muscle is a hammock-like muscle, found in both sexes, that stretches from the pubic bone to the coccyx (tail bone) forming the floor of the pelvic cavity and supporting the pelvic organs. It is part of the levator ani group of muscles." [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "%22pc%22 muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "coccygeus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "kegel muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "levator ani-pubococcygeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "levator ani-puborectalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "pc muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "pubococcygeal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "pubococcygeal muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "pubococcygeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus pubococcygeus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Pubococcygeus_muscle]
synonym: "levator prostatae" EXACT  [FMA:19090]
synonym: "musculus pubovaginalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001326 {source="FMA"} ! levator ani
relationship: has_muscle_origin  UBERON:0001275 ! pubis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001350 ! coccyx
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003690 ! sacrum
xref: SCTID:244958005 ! Entire pubococcygeus muscle
xref: FMA:19090 ! pubococcygeus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011531
name: male pubococcygeus muscle
synonym: "musculus levator prostatae" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "levator prostate" EXACT []
synonym: "levator prostate muscle" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:71507008 ! Entire levator prostatae muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0011528 ! pubococcygeus muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
def: "A pubococcygeus muscle that is part of a male organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011532
name: female pubococcygeus muscle
def: "Pubovaginalis in the female is the equivalent of levator prostatae in the male." []
synonym: "pubovaginalis" EXACT  [FMA:19090]
synonym: "pubovaginalis muscle" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0011528 ! pubococcygeus muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
xref: SCTID:208282000 ! Pubovaginalis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001327
name: coccygeus muscle
def: "The Coccygeus is a muscle of the pelvic wall (i.e. peripheral to the pelvic floor), situated behind the levator ani and in front of the sacrospinous ligament. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, arising by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament, and inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. It assists the Levator ani and Piriformis in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Coccygeus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coccygeus" EXACT [MA:0002277]
synonym: "ischiococcygeus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:19088 ! Coccygeus
xref: MA:0002277 ! coccygeus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray404.png/200px-Gray404.png
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
synonym: "musculus ischiococcygeus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19088]
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "musculus coccygeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coccygeus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001350 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum"} ! coccyx
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003690 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum"} ! sacrum
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0009625 {source="dbpedia", notes="sacral nerves: S4 S5 or S3-S4"} ! sacral nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0009000 {source="dbpedia", notes="Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine"} ! ischial spine
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray404.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001328
name: lobe of prostate
comment: Anatomically, the human prostate gland is located between the base of the bladder and the rectum, and it completely surrounds the proximal urethra (Fig. 1A). It is a single alobular structure with central (CZ), peripheral (PZ) and transitional (TZ) zones. In contrast, the mouse prostate is not merged into one compact anatomical structure. It comprises four paired lobes situated circumferentially around the urethra, immediately caudal to the urinary bladder—namely, anterior (AP), dorsal (DP), lateral (LP), and ventral (VP) prostate (Fig. 1B). Often, the dorsal and the lateral lobes are thought of in combination and referred to as the dorsolateral (DLP) lobe as they share a ductal system. The mouse AP is considered analogous to the human CZ, which is rarely a site of neoplastic transformation in humans. The mouse DLP is considered most similar to the human PZ, which is the zone in which most carcinomas arise (Xue et al. 1997). These analogies, however, are limited as they are based solely on descriptive data and need to be re-evaluated using molecular techniques before the relationship between specific mouse prostate lobes and the human prostate zones is definitively asserted (Abate-Shen & Shen 2000). The mouse VP does not have a human homologue, and the human TZ does not have a murine homologue [PMID:15163300]
synonym: "lobe of prostate gland" EXACT []
synonym: "prostate gland lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "prostatic lobe" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000548
xref: FMA:19570 ! Lobe of prostate
xref: MA:0001738 ! prostate gland lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostate_Gland_Lobe ! Prostate Gland Lobe
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! prostate
xref: SCTID:279692004 ! Entire lobe of prostate
xref: UMLS:C0227970

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001329
name: prostate gland anterior lobe
def: "the prostate lobe that appears as a thin tubular structure, attached to the lesser curvature of the paired seminal vesicles." [MP:0001163]
comment: comment: todo - check - see comments from PMID:15163300
synonym: "anterior lobe of prostate gland" EXACT []
synonym: "commissure of prostate" EXACT []
synonym: "isthmus of prostate" EXACT []
synonym: "isthmus of prostate gland" EXACT []
synonym: "prostate gland anterior lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "prostatic isthmus" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior lobe of prostate" EXACT [FMA:19574]
xref: FMA:19574 ! Anterior lobe of prostate
xref: MA:0002422 ! prostate gland anterior lobe
xref: BTO:0003158 ! prostate gland anterior lobe
is_a: UBERON:0001328 ! lobe of prostate
synonym: "commissura prostatae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19574]
synonym: "isthmus prostatae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19574]
xref: SCTID:279693009 ! Entire prostatic isthmus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007615
name: prostate gland ventral lobe
def: "Prostate gland lobe that in the mouse has the following characteristics: grossly, clear, gelatinous, and leaf-like; originates ventrally and wraps incompletely around the urethra dorsally, bilaterally. Simple columnar epithelium with the least amount of infolding. Secretory cells are oval and have slightly foamy cytoplasm; nuclei and basal nucleoli are inconspicuous. The secretion is pale and homogeneous. The stroma is thin" [PMID:15163300]
xref: MA:0001740 ! prostate gland ventral lobe
xref: BTO:0000490 ! prostate gland ventral lobe
is_a: UBERON:0001328 {source="MA"} ! lobe of prostate
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {never_in_taxon="PMID:15163300"} ! Homo sapiens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008808
name: prostate gland dorsolateral lobe
is_a: UBERON:0001328 {source="MA"} ! lobe of prostate
xref: MA:0001739 ! prostate gland dorsolateral lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013637
name: prostate gland lateral lobe
synonym: "lateral ventral lobe of prostate gland" RELATED  [MorphoBank:MorphoBank]
synonym: "lateral lobe of prostate gland" EXACT  [FMA:19577]
synonym: "lateral lobe of prostate" EXACT [FMA:19577]
is_a: UBERON:0001328 {source="FMA"} ! lobe of prostate
xref: FMA:19577 ! lateral lobe of prostate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001330
name: pampiniform plexus
def: "The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the human male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pampiniform_venous_plexus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pampiniform venous plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "plexus of veins of fascia of prostate" EXACT []
synonym: "venous plexus of fascia of prostate" EXACT []
synonym: "venous plexus of fascia of prostate gland" EXACT []
xref: FMA:19607 ! Pampiniform plexus
xref: MA:0001866 ! pampiniform plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray1147.png/200px-Gray1147.png
is_a: UBERON:0001593 ! venous plexus
synonym: "plexus venosus  pampiniformis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19607]
xref: SCTID:279661001 ! Entire pampiniform plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray1147.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001331
name: skin of penis
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "penile skin" EXACT  [FMA:19638]
synonym: "penis skin" EXACT []
synonym: "penis zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of penis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:19638 ! Skin of penis
xref: MA:0002727 ! penis skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001085 ! skin of trunk
xref: SCTID:35900000 ! Skin of penis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005298 ! skin of clitoris
name: skin of clitoris
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "clitoris skin" EXACT []
xref: FMA:20168 ! Skin of clitoris
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002411 ! clitoris
xref: SCTID:361374002 ! Entire skin of clitoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011374 ! prepuce
name: prepuce
comment: Usage notes: this is a generic sex-neutral grouping class for the male and female prepuce. Note that this structure is a combination of skin and other tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005156 ! reproductive structure
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Prepuce ! prepuce
property_value: has_relational_adjective "preputial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001332
name: prepuce of penis
def: "In male human anatomy, the foreskin is a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect. It is also described as the prepuce, a technically broader term that also includes the clitoral hood in women, to which the foreskin is embryonically homologous. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Foreskin]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "foreskin" RELATED  [FMA:19639]
synonym: "penile prepuce" EXACT  [FMA:19639]
synonym: "prepuce of male" EXACT [EMAPA:18989]
synonym: "prepuce" BROAD [Wikipedia:Foreskin, MA:0000407]
synonym: "preputium" BROAD [HP:0100587]
xref: BTO:0001113
xref: FMA:19639 ! Prepuce of penis
xref: MA:0000407 ! prepuce
xref: EMAPA:18989 ! prepuce of male of penis
xref: ncithesaurus:Male_Prepuce ! male prepuce
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0001664 ! foreskin
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! foreskin
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Foreskin2.jpg/200px-Foreskin2.jpg
xref: EV:0100109 ! foreskin (also: UBERON:0001471 'skin of prepuce of penis')
xref: SCTID:181426005 ! Entire prepuce
is_a: UBERON:0011374 ! prepuce
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001299 ! glans penis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004876 {source="Wikipedia"} ! urogenital ridge
synonym: "prepucium, præputium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foreskin]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Foreskin_CloseupV2.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0227952

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001471
name: skin of prepuce of penis
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a prepuce of penis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "foreskin of penis" EXACT []
synonym: "penis foreskin" EXACT []
synonym: "preputial skin" EXACT []
synonym: "foreskin zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "penile prepuce zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prepuce of penis zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prepuce zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of foreskin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of penile prepuce" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of prepuce" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of prepuce of penis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:27648 ! Skin of prepuce of penis
xref: VHOG:0001342 ! penis foreskin
xref: MA:0001744 ! penis foreskin
xref: EV:0100109 ! foreskin (also: UBERON:0001332 'prepuce of penis')
xref: SCTID:39059001 ! Skin of foreskin
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001332 ! prepuce of penis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005299
name: prepuce of clitoris
def: "In female human anatomy, the clitoral hood, is a fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoral glans. It develops as part of the labia minora and is homologous with the foreskin (equally called prepuce) in male genitals." [Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood]
comment: Note FMA has FMA:27886 skin of prepuce of clitoris- how is this different?
synonym: "preputium clitoridis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood]
synonym: "clitoris prepuce" EXACT []
synonym: "prepuce of the clitoris" EXACT []
synonym: "prepuce of female" EXACT [EMAPA:30699]
synonym: "clitoral prepuce" EXACT []
synonym: "clitoral hood" EXACT [Wikipedia:Clitoral_hood]
xref: FMA:20169 ! Prepuce of clitoris
xref: EMAPA:30699 ! prepuce of female
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Clitoris_outer_anatomy.gif/200px-Clitoris_outer_anatomy.gif
is_a: UBERON:0011374 ! prepuce
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005298 ! skin of clitoris
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0006653 ! glans clitoris
xref: ncithesaurus:Female_Prepuce ! Female Prepuce
xref: SCTID:362242009 ! Entire prepuce of clitoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Clitoris_outer_anatomy.gif
xref: UMLS:C0227771

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011375
name: skin of prepuce of clitoris
synonym: "preputial skin of clitoris" EXACT  [FMA:27886]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005299 ! prepuce of clitoris
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005298 ! skin of clitoris
xref: FMA:27886 ! skin of prepuce of clitoris
xref: SCTID:367670008 ! Entire skin of prepuce of clitoris
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a prepuce of clitoris." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004812
name: male prepuce epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a prepuce of penis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor notes: NCITA term may be sex-neutral
synonym: "epithelial tissue of foreskin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of penile prepuce" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of prepuce" BROAD [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of prepuce of penis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of foreskin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of penile prepuce" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of prepuce" BROAD [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of prepuce of penis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foreskin epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foreskin epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "penile prepuce epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "penile prepuce epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prepuce epithelial tissue" BROAD [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prepuce of penis epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prepuce of penis epithelium" BROAD [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prepuce epithelium" EXACT [MA:0001753]
xref: MA:0001753 ! prepuce epithelium
xref: EMAPA:30638 ! prepuce surface epithelium of male of prepuce of male of genital tubercle of male
xref: EMAPA:30655 ! prepuce surface epithelium of male of prepuce of male of penis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001332 ! part_of prepuce of penis
xref: ncithesaurus:Prepuce_Epithelium ! Prepuce Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1709639

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004917
name: urethral sphincter
def: "A sphincter muscle surrounding the urethra." [Wikipedia:Urethral_sphincter]
synonym: "urethral sphincter muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "sphincter muscle of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "sphincter of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "sphincter urethrae" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002650 ! urethral sphincter
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001556 ! lower urinary tract
xref: SCTID:277855007 ! Urethral sphincter
xref: SCTID:277857004 ! Entire sphincter urethrae muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004918
name: internal urethral sphincter
def: "a urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The muscle is made of smooth muscle, so therefore it is under involuntary control. It is kept tonically contracted by the sympathetic nervous system and during micturition, is relaxed via the parasympathetic nervous system. This is the primary muscle for preventing the release of urine[WP]." [Wikipedia:Internal_sphincter_muscle_of_urethra]
synonym: "internal urethral sphincter muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "internal sphincter muscle of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "internal sphincter of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "preprostatic sphincter" EXACT [FMA:45769]
synonym: "supracollicular sphincter" EXACT [FMA:45769]
xref: FMA:45769 ! preprostatic sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
synonym: "musculus sphincter supracollicularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:45769]
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae internus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:45769]
synonym: "sphincter urethrae internus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:45769]
xref: SCTID:277856008 ! Internal urethral sphincter
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae internus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_sphincter_muscle_of_urethra]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0005303 {source="dbpedia", notes="Sympathetics from L1-L2 through lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric/pelvic plexus"} ! hypogastric nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0002013 {source="dbpedia", notes="Sympathetics from L1-L2 through lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric/pelvic plexus"} ! superior hypogastric nerve plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray407.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004919
name: external urethral sphincter
def: "." [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra, Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra]
comment: TODO male/female subclasses
synonym: "external urethral sphincter muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "external sphincter muscle of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "external sphincter of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "urethralis" EXACT [MA:0002401, PMID:9879823]
synonym: "urethralis muscle" EXACT [PMID:9879823]
synonym: "M. urethralis" EXACT [PMID:9879823]
synonym: "annulus urethralis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:85274 ! external urethral sphincter
xref: MA:0002401 ! urethralis
xref: ncithesaurus:Urethralis ! urethralis
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae masculinae, musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra]
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae femininae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm."} ! pubis
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001274 {source="dbpedia", notes="Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm."} ! ischium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray1142.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Gray1166.png
xref: SCTID:19101001 ! Urethralis muscle
xref: UMLS:C1710586

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011379 ! male external urethral sphincter
name: male external urethral sphincter
def: "The external sphincter muscle of urethra (or sphincter urethrae membranaceae) surrounds the whole length of the membranous portion of the urethra, and is enclosed in the fasciæ of the urogenital diaphragm. They arch across the front of the urethra and bulbourethral glands, pass around the urethra, and behind it unite with the muscle of the opposite side, by means of a tendinous raphé." [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra]
comment: AO notes: MA includes a term bulboglandular - some sources claim this as the muscles that are associated with the bulbourethral gland, so we place this here
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae masculinae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra]
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra]
synonym: "external urethral sphincter of male urethra" EXACT  [FMA:19733]
synonym: "male sphincter urethrae" EXACT  [FMA:19733]
synonym: "male sphincter urethrae muscle" EXACT  [FMA:19733]
synonym: "male urethral sphincter muscle" EXACT  [FMA:19733]
synonym: "bulboglandular" RELATED [MA:0002273]
synonym: "bulboglandular muscle" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002273 ! bulboglandular
xref: ncithesaurus:Bulboglandular ! bulboglandular
intersection_of: UBERON:0004919 ! external urethral sphincter
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
xref: FMA:19733 ! male external urethral sphincter
xref: UMLS:C1707060

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011380
name: female external urethral sphincter
def: "The external sphincter muscle of female urethra is a muscle which controls urination." [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra]
synonym: "outer muscle layer of female urethra" EXACT  [FMA:19778]
synonym: "rhabdosphincter of female urethra" EXACT  [FMA:19778]
synonym: "striated muscle layer of female urethra" EXACT  [FMA:19778]
synonym: "external urethral sphincter of female urethra" EXACT  []
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae femininae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra]
synonym: "urethrovaginal sphincter" RELATED DEPRECATED [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra]
synonym: "sphincter urethrovaginalis" RELATED DEPRECATED [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra]
synonym: "compressor urethrae" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004919 ! external urethral sphincter
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
xref: FMA:19778 ! female external urethral sphincter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001333
name: male urethra
def: "In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Male_urethra]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:19668 ! Male urethra
xref: MA:0002640 ! male urethra
xref: ncithesaurus:Male_Urethra ! Male Urethra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png
xref: BTO:0004089 ! male urethra
xref: EMAPA:18692 ! urethra of male
intersection_of: UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013241 {source="Wikipedia"} ! embryonic urethral groove
xref: SCTID:264085007 ! Entire male urethra
xref: UMLS:C0458452

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001334
name: female urethra
def: "In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Female_urethra]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:19669 ! Female urethra
xref: MA:0002637 ! female urethra
xref: ncithesaurus:Female_Urethra ! Female Urethra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Female_anatomy.png/200px-Female_anatomy.png
xref: BTO:0004088 ! female urethra
xref: EMAPA:28747 ! urethra of female
intersection_of: UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
xref: SCTID:264469008 ! Entire female urethra
xref: UMLS:C0458485

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001335
name: prostatic urethra
def: "The prostatic urethra, the widest and most dilatable part of the urethra canal, is about 3 cm. long. It runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; the form of the canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion. A transverse section of the canal as it lies in the prostate is horse-shoe-shaped, with the convexity directed forward. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Prostatic_urethra]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "male prostatic urethra" EXACT  [MP:0011777]
synonym: "pars prostatica urethrae" EXACT  [MP:0011777]
synonym: "prostatic part of male urethra" EXACT  [MP:0011777]
synonym: "prostatic part of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "pars prostatica urethrae" RELATED [BTO:0003163]
xref: FMA:19673 ! Prostatic urethra
xref: MA:0002646 ! prostatic urethra
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Portion_of_the_Male_Urethra ! Prostatic Urethra
xref: BTO:0003163 ! prostatic urethra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray1142.png/200px-Gray1142.png
xref: EMAPA:30942 ! prostatic urethra
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001333 {source="MA", source="FMA"} ! male urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002367 {source="FMA"} ! prostate gland
xref: SCTID:279434009 ! Entire prostatic urethra
synonym: "pars prostatica urethrae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Prostatic_urethra]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray1142.png
xref: UMLS:C0458450

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001336
name: membranous urethra of male or female
comment: AO notes: MA class sex-neutral
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "membranous urethra" EXACT INCONSISTENT [MA:0002647]
synonym: "intermediate part of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "intermediate urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "membranous part of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "pars membranacea (urethrae)" EXACT []
synonym: "pars intermedia urethrae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19674]
xref: MA:0002647 ! membranous urethra
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012301
name: female membranous urethra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001336 ! membranous urethra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001334 ! female urethra
xref: MA:0002638 ! female membranous urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012302
name: male membranous urethra
def: "The intermediate part of male urethra (membranous portion) is the shortest, least dilatable, and, with the exception of the external orifice, the narrowest part of the canal. It extends downward and forward, with a slight anterior concavity, between the apex of the prostate and the bulb of the urethra, perforating the urogenital diaphragm about 2.5 cm. below and behind the pubic symphysis. The hinder part of the urethral bulb lies in apposition with the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, but its upper portion diverges somewhat from this fascia: the anterior wall of the membranous urethra is thus prolonged for a short distance in front of the urogenital diaphragm; it measures about 2 cm. in length, while the posterior wall which is between the two fasciæ of the diaphragm is only 1.25 cm. long. The membranous portion of the urethra is completely surrounded by the fibers of the Sphincter urethrae membranaceae. In front of it the deep dorsal vein of the penis enters the pelvis between the transverse ligament of the pelvis and the arcuate pubic ligament; on either side near its termination are the bulbourethral glands. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Membranous_urethra]
synonym: "membranous urethra" BROAD INCONSISTENT [FMA:19674]
synonym: "pars intermedia urethrae masculinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Membranous_urethra]
synonym: "pars membranacea urethrae masculinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Membranous_urethra]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001336 ! membranous urethra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001333 ! male urethra
xref: FMA:19674 ! membranous urethra
xref: MA:0002641 ! male membranous urethra
xref: ncithesaurus:Membranous_Urethra ! Membranous Urethra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray1142.png/200px-Gray1142.png
xref: SCTID:263343009 ! Entire membranous urethra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray1142.png
xref: UMLS:C0458453

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001337
name: spongiose part of urethra
def: "The spongy urethra (cavernous portion of urethra, penile urethra) is the longest part of the male urethra, and is contained in the corpus spongiosum urethraeæ. It is about 15 cm long, and extends from the termination of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice. Commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the symphysis pubis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward. It is narrow, and of uniform size in the body of the penis, measuring about 6 mm in diameter; it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Penile_urethra]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cavernous portion of male urethra" EXACT  [MP:0011779]
synonym: "pars cavernosa urethrae" EXACT  [MP:0011779]
synonym: "pars spongiosa urethrae masculinae" EXACT  [MP:0011779]
synonym: "penile urethra" EXACT  [MP:0011779]
synonym: "spongiose urethra" EXACT  [MP:0011779]
synonym: "male spongiose urethra" EXACT  [MP:0011779]
synonym: "male spongy urethra" EXACT  []
synonym: "spongy urethra (male)" EXACT []
synonym: "pars spongiosa" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19675]
xref: FMA:19675 ! Spongiose part of urethra
xref: MA:0002643 ! penile urethra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray1142.png/200px-Gray1142.png
xref: EMAPA:30944 ! penile urethra
xref: SCTID:263341006 ! Entire spongiose portion of urethra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray1142.png/250px-Gray1142.png
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 {source="FMA"} ! penis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001333 {source="FMA"} ! male urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012294
name: navicular fossa of spongiose part of urethra
def: "The dilated terminal portion of the male spongy urethra located in the glans penis right before the external urethral orifice, also referred to as the most distal pendulous urethra; it is lined by stratified squamous, non-keratinizing epithelium; during development, the glans of the penis is initially solid but cannulates to give rise to the navicular fossa." [Wikipedia:Navicular_fossa_of_male_urethra, MP:anna, MP:0011838]
synonym: "fossa navicularis of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "navicular fossa of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "fossa navicularis urethrae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "fossa navicularis urethrae (pars spongiosa, urethra masculina)" EXACT  [FMA:19722]
synonym: "navicular fossa" EXACT  [FMA:19722]
synonym: "fossa navicularis urethrae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Navicular_fossa_of_male_urethra]
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001337 ! spongiose part of urethra
relationship: has_part UBERON:0010304 ! nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
xref: FMA:19722 ! navicular fossa of spongiose part of urethra
xref: SCTID:362233002 ! Entire fossa navicularis of urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012295
name: Guérin's valve
def: "an inconstant fold or valve of mucous membrane sometimes found in the root or upper wall of the navicular fossa of the urethra" [http://www.drugs.com/dict/valve-of-navicular-fossa.html, MP:anna, MP:0011839]
xref: SCTID:367737008 ! Entire valve of fossa navicularis of urethra
synonym: "valve of fossa navicularis of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "Guerin's valve" EXACT []
synonym: "Guérin's fold" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/valve-of-navicular-fossa.html]
synonym: "Guérin's valvule" EXACT [MP:anna]
synonym: "valvula fossae navicularis" EXACT LATIN [MP:anna]
synonym: "urethral valve of Guérin" EXACT [MP:anna]
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012294 ! navicular fossa of spongiose part of urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012299 ! mucosa of urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012296
name: urethral crest
def: "A longitudinal mucosal fold in the dorsal wall of the urethra[MP]" [MP:anna, Wikipedia:Urethral_crest, MP:0011840]
comment: AO notes: in the FMA this is part of the prostatic urethra - but this leads to inconsistencies as 'urethral crest' in sex-neutral, with male and female subtypes
synonym: "crista urethralis" EXACT LATIN [MP:anna]
synonym: "crista of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "urethral crista" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012299 ! mucosa of urethra
xref: FMA:19718 ! urethral crest
xref: SCTID:362231000 ! Entire crista of urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012297
name: male urethral crest
def: "narrow longitudinal fold of mucosa on the posterior wall of the male urethra, extending from the uvula of the bladder through the prostatic urethra; when distended, it may serve to prevent the passage of the semen backward into the bladder; on either side of the male urethral crest is a slightly depressed fossa, the prostatic sinus, the floor of which is perforated by the orifices of the prostatic ducts from the lateral lobes of the prostate; the ducts of the middle lobe open behind the crest; at the forepart of the crest, below its summit, is a median elevation, the colliculus seminalis, upon or within the margins of which are the orifices of the prostatic utricle and the slit-like openings of the ejaculatory ducts[MP]" [MP:anna, MP:0011841]
synonym: "urethral crest of male" EXACT  [MP:anna]
synonym: "crista phallica" EXACT LATIN [MP:anna]
synonym: "crista urethralis masculinae" EXACT LATIN [MP:anna]
synonym: "urethral crest (male)" EXACT [FMA:85270]
intersection_of: UBERON:0012296 ! urethral crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001335 {source="FMA-modified"} ! prostatic urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005015 {source="cjm"} ! mucosa of prostatic urethra 
xref: FMA:85270 ! urethral crest (male)
xref: SCTID:279470007 ! Male urethral crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012298
name: female urethral crest
def: "The conspicuous longitudinal fold of mucosa on the posterior wall of the female urethra[MP]" [MP:anna, MP:0011842]
synonym: "urethral crest of female" EXACT  [MP:anna]
synonym: "crista urethralis femininae" EXACT LATIN [MP:anna]
synonym: "urethral crest (female)" EXACT [FMA:85271]
intersection_of: UBERON:0012296 ! urethral crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005014 {source="cjm"} ! mucosa of female urethra
xref: FMA:85271 ! urethral crest (female)
xref: SCTID:279471006 ! Female urethral crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012299 ! mucosa of urethra
name: mucosa of urethra
synonym: "mucous membrane of urethra" EXACT  [FMA:76904]
synonym: "tunica mucosa urethrae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "urethral mucosa" EXACT  [FMA:76904]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
xref: FMA:76904 ! mucosa of urethra
xref: SCTID:362229009 ! Entire mucous membrane of urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010418
name: urethral opening
def: "An orifice that is part of a lower urinary tract." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethral orifice" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001556 ! lower urinary tract
xref: MA:0002867 ! urethral opening

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012240
name: urethral meatus
def: "external opening or orifice of the urethra through which urine and seminal fluid (in males only) leave the body; in males the meatus presents as a vertical slit normally positioned at the tip of glans penis; in females the meatus is located between the clitoris and the vagina in the vulvular vestibule of the female genitalia[MP]." [MP:MP, Wikipedia:Urinary_meatus]
synonym: "external meatus of urethra" EXACT  [FMA:19650]
synonym: "external urethral ostium" EXACT  [FMA:19650]
synonym: "external urinary meatus" EXACT  [FMA:19650]
synonym: "urethral meatus" EXACT  [FMA:19650]
synonym: "external urethral orifice" EXACT [FMA:19650]
synonym: "orificium urethræ externum" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "orificium urethrae externum" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "meatus urinarius" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
xref: FMA:19650 ! external urethral orifice
xref: SCTID:181424008 ! Entire urethral meatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006565
name: female urethral meatus
def: "A urethral meatus that is part of a female urethra[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:External_urethral_orifice_%28female%29]
synonym: "external urethral orifice (female)" EXACT [FMA:85266]
synonym: "female urethral meatus" EXACT [FMA:85266]
synonym: "external orifice of female urethra" EXACT [FMA:85266]
xref: FMA:85266 ! External orifice of female urethra
xref: MA:0002639 ! female urethral meatus
xref: SCTID:279479008 ! Female external urethral orifice
intersection_of: UBERON:0012240 ! urethral meatus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001334 ! female urethra
synonym: "ostium urethrae externum (urethra feminina)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:85266]
property_value: external_definition "he external urethral orifice (urinary meatus) is the external opening of the urethra, from which urine is ejected during urination. It is placed about 2.5 cm behind the glans clitoridis and immediately in front of that of the vagina; it usually assumes the form of a short, sagittal cleft with slightly raised margins. To its left and right are the openings of the Skene's ducts.." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_urethral_orifice_%28male%29"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012241
name: male urethral meatus
def: "A urethral meatus that is part of a male urethra[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:External_urethral_orifice_%28male%29]
synonym: "external urethral orifice (male)" EXACT  [FMA:85265]
synonym: "ostium urethrae externum (urethra masculina)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "external orifice of male urethra" EXACT [FMA:85265]
intersection_of: UBERON:0012240 ! urethral meatus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001333 ! male urethra
xref: FMA:85265 ! external orifice of male urethra
xref: SCTID:279478000 ! Male external urethral orifice
property_value: external_definition "The external urethral orifice is the external opening or meatus of the urethra, normally placed at the tip of glans penis; it presents as a vertical slit, possibly bounded on either side by two small labia-like projections, In some cases the slit may be more rounded. This occurs naturally in some males and may also be a side effect of excess skin removal during circumcision. Congenital misplacement of the urethral orifice is called hypospadias when it is located in the underside (ventral aspect) of the penis, and epispadias when located in the dorsum (upper aspect). Improper shaping of the meatus can result in meatal stenosis." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_urethral_orifice_%28male%29"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012242
name: internal urethral orifice
def: "The internal urethral orifice is the opening of the urinary bladder into the urethra. It is placed at the apex of the trigonum vesicae, in the most dependent part of the bladder, and is usually somewhat crescent-shaped; the mucous membrane immediately behind it presents a slight elevation in males, the uvula vesicae, caused by the middle lobe of the prostate." [Wikipedia:Internal_urethral_orifice]
synonym: "internal meatus of urethra" EXACT  [FMA:85263]
synonym: "internal urethral orifice of urinary bladder" EXACT  [FMA:85263]
synonym: "internal urethral ostium" EXACT  [FMA:85263]
synonym: "vesicourethral orifice" EXACT  [FMA:85263]
synonym: "ostium urethrae internum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_urethral_orifice]
synonym: "ostium orificium internum" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "orificium urethrae internum" EXACT LATIN [MP:0011782]
synonym: "internal urethral ostium" RELATED [MP:0011782]
synonym: "internal urinary meatus" RELATED [MP:0011782]
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
xref: FMA:85263 ! internal urethral orifice
xref: SCTID:362228001 ! Entire internal urethral orifice

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012303
name: ureteral orifice
def: "the slit-like opening of either ureter into the bladder; normally, the two ureteral orifices are placed at the posterolateral angles of the urinary bladder trigone while the internal urethral orifice is placed at its anteroinferior angle (apex); wide gaping usually indicates vesicoureteral reflux" [MP:0011783, Wikipedia:Orifice_of_ureter]
comment: TODO - add relationship to junction
synonym: "orificium ureteris" EXACT LATIN [MP:0011783]
synonym: "ureteral opening" EXACT  [MP:0011783]
synonym: "ostium ureteris" EXACT LATIN [MP:0011783]
synonym: "ureteral meatus" EXACT  [MP:0011783]
synonym: "ureteric orifice" EXACT  [MP:0011783]
synonym: "ureterovesical orifice" EXACT  [MP:0011783]
synonym: "Mercier's bar" EXACT  [FMA:77047]
synonym: "orifice of ureter" EXACT  [FMA:77047]
synonym: "ostium ureteris" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ureteric orifice" EXACT  [FMA:77047]
synonym: "ureteric ostium" EXACT  [FMA:77047]
synonym: "ureterovesical orifice" EXACT  [FMA:77047]
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006082 ! fundus of urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009973 ! ureterovesical junction
xref: FMA:77047 ! ureteral orifice
xref: SCTID:181415004 ! Entire ureteral orifice

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008320
name: common penile artery
def: "The artery that serves blood to the penis. It subdivides into three arteries, the bulbourethral artery, the dorsal artery of the penis and the cavernosal artery." [Wikipedia:Penile_artery]
comment: todo - split generic structure from arterial tree
synonym: "penile artery" RELATED  [BTO:0005085]
is_a: UBERON:0004573 {source="FMA"} ! systemic artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 {source="BTO"} ! penis
xref: BTO:0005085 ! common penile artery
xref: SCTID:282044005 ! Penile artery
xref: FMA:66318 ! Artery of penis
synonym: "artery of penis" RELATED [FMA:66318]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001340
name: dorsal artery of penis
def: "The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the dorsum of the penis to the glans, where it divides into two branches, which supply the glans and prepuce. On the penis, it lies between the dorsal nerve and deep dorsal vein, the former being on its lateral side. It supplies the integument and fibrous sheath of the corpus cavernosum penis, sending branches through the sheath to anastomose with the deep artery of the penis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_artery_of_penis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal penile artery" EXACT  [FMA:19795]
synonym: "dorsal penis artery" EXACT [MA:0001946]
synonym: "dorsal artery of the penis" RELATED  [BTO:0005088]
synonym: "arteria dorsalis penis" EXACT [BTO:0005088]
xref: FMA:19795 ! Dorsal artery of penis
xref: MA:0001946 ! dorsal penis artery
xref: BTO:0005088 ! arteria dorsalis penis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gray1155.png/200px-Gray1155.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 {source="FMA"} ! penis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008320 {source="BTO"} ! common penile artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0007315 {source="FMA"} ! internal pudendal artery
xref: SCTID:244294001 ! Entire dorsal artery of penis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008323
name: dorsal artery of clitoris
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0007315 {source="FMA"} ! internal pudendal artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002411 {source="FMA"} ! clitoris
xref: FMA:20867 ! dorsal artery of clitoris
xref: SCTID:244298003 ! Entire dorsal artery of clitoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008311
name: penile bulb artery
def: "a short vessel of large caliber which arises from the internal pudendal between the two layers of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm; it passes medialward, pierces the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, and gives off branches which ramify in the bulb of the urethra and in the posterior part of the corpus spongiosum. It gives off a small branch to the bulbo-urethral gland." [Wikipedia:Bulbourethral_artery]
synonym: "bulbourethral artery" RELATED  [BTO:0005087]
synonym: "artery of bulb of penis" EXACT  [FMA:20864]
synonym: "arteria bulbi penis" EXACT [BTO:0005087]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="Obol"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 {source="Obol"} ! penis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008320 {source="BTO"} ! common penile artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0007315 {source="FMA"} ! internal pudendal artery
xref: FMA:20864 ! penile bulb artery
xref: BTO:0005087 ! arteria bulbi penis
xref: SCTID:293338009 ! Entire artery of the bulb of the penis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008321
name: deep artery of penis
def: "The deep artery of the penis (artery to the corpus cavernosum), one of the terminal branches of the internal pudendal, arises from that vessel while it is situated between the two fasciC& of the urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal pouch). It pierces the inferior fascia, and, entering the crus penis obliquely, runs forward in the center of the corpus cavernosum penis, to which its branches are distributed." [Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_the_penis]
synonym: "deep penile artery" EXACT  [FMA:19794]
synonym: "arteria cavernosa penis" RELATED  [BTO:0005086]
synonym: "cavernosal artery" RELATED  [BTO:0005086]
synonym: "arteria profunda penis" EXACT [BTO:0005086]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="Obol"} ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0007315 {source="FMA"} ! internal pudendal artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 {source="FMA"} ! penis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008320 {source="BTO"} ! common penile artery
xref: FMA:19794 ! deep artery of penis
xref: BTO:0005086 ! arteria profunda penis
xref: SCTID:244293007 ! Entire deep artery of penis
synonym: "arteria profunda penis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_the_penis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray543.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008322
name: deep artery of clitoris
def: "The deep artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery." [Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_clitoris]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="Obol"} ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0007315 {source="FMA"} ! internal pudendal artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002411 {source="FMA"} ! clitoris
xref: FMA:20870 ! deep artery of clitoris
xref: SCTID:244297008 ! Entire deep artery of clitoris
synonym: "arteria profunda clitoridis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_clitoris]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001341
name: lesser sac
def: "The lesser sac, also known as the omental bursa, is the cavity in the abdomen that is formed by the lesser and greater omentum. Usually found in mammals, it is connected with the greater sac via the epiploic foramen (also known as the Foramen of Winslow). In mammals, it is not uncommon for the lesser sac to contain considerable amounts of fat. In human anatomy, the wall of the stomach, pancreas and splenic artery are a part of the wall of the lesser sac. If these structures rupture they may leak into the lesser sac. For the stomach, which lies anterior to the omental bursa, the rupture must be on the posterior side; if it were anteriorly located, the leak would collect in the greater sac. The lesser sac is embryologically formed from an infolding of the greater omentum. The open end of the infolding, known as the epiploic foramen, is usually proximal to the stomach. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lesser_sac]
comment: AO notes: classified as a cavity in EHDAA2, so this truly corresponds to FMA 'Cavity of lesser sac' - we hedge for now; todo - treat same as greater sac
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "omental bursa" EXACT []
synonym: "bursa omentalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19800]
xref: EHDAA:2335 ! omental bursa
xref: FMA:19800 ! Lesser sac
xref: VHOG:0000458 ! omental bursa
xref: MA:0000445 ! omental bursa
xref: EHDAA2:0001296 ! omental bursa
xref: EHDAA2:0004554 ! lesser sac
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Peritoneum.svg/200px-Peritoneum.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:16889 ! omental bursa of peritoneal component
xref: EMAPA:18458 ! omental bursa of peritoneal cavity
is_a: UBERON:0004458 ! body cavity or lining
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001179 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Omental_Bursa ! Omental Bursa
property_value: external_definition "The lesser sac of the peritoneum. Part of the peritoneal cavity behind the liver, lesser omentum and stomach. It lies across the transverse mesocolon and extends into the greater omentum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000458", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0230212

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001180
name: superior recess of lesser sac
alt_id: UBERON:0006299
comment: AO notes: classified as a cavity in EHDAA2, organ segment in FMA. We hedge and use a union
synonym: "recessus superior bursae omentalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "recessus superior omentalis" EXACT  [FMA:14708]
synonym: "superior omental bursa" EXACT  [FMA:14708]
synonym: "superior recess of omental bursa" EXACT  [FMA:14708]
synonym: "superior recess" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001958]
xref: FMA:14708 ! Superior recess of lesser sac
xref: MA:0000447 ! omental bursa superior recess
xref: EHDAA:2343 ! superior recess
xref: EMAPA:18049 ! superior recess
xref: EHDAA2:0001958 ! superior recess
is_a: UBERON:0004458 ! body cavity or lining
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001341 {source="EMAPA"} ! lesser sac
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0005252 {source="EHDAA2"} ! omental bursa cavity
synonym: "recessus superior bursae omentalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14708]
xref: SCTID:263190002 ! Entire superior omental bursa
synonym: "omental bursa superior recess" EXACT [MA:0000447]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001181
alt_id: UBERON:0006249
name: inferior recess of lesser sac
synonym: "inferior omental bursa" EXACT  [FMA:14709]
synonym: "inferior recess of omental bursa" EXACT  [FMA:14709]
synonym: "recessus inferior bursae omentalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "recessus inferior omentalis" EXACT  [FMA:14709]
synonym: "inferior recess" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000825]
xref: EMAPA:18048 ! inferior recess
xref: EHDAA2:0000825 ! inferior recess
xref: EHDAA:6083 ! inferior recess
xref: FMA:14709 ! Inferior recess of lesser sac
xref: MA:0000446 ! omental bursa inferior recess
xref: EHDAA:6083 ! inferior recess
is_a: UBERON:0004458 ! body cavity or lining
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001341 ! lesser sac
synonym: "recessus inferior bursae omentalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14709]
xref: SCTID:263261002 ! Entire inferior omental bursa
synonym: "omental bursa inferior recess" EXACT [MA:0000446]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005252
name: omental bursa cavity
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a lesser sac [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: note EHDAA2
synonym: "cavity of lesser sac" EXACT [FMA:9702]
synonym: "cavity of omental bursa" EXACT [FMA:9702]
synonym: "cavity of omental bursa viewed anatomically" EXACT [FMA:9702]
synonym: "lesser peritoneal sac" EXACT [FMA:9702]
synonym: "lesser sac cavity" EXACT [FMA:9702]
xref: VHOG:0000827
xref: FMA:9702 ! Cavity of lesser sac
xref: EHDAA2:0004558 ! lesser sac cavity
xref: EMAPA:18461 ! cavity of omental bursa of peritoneal cavity (also: UBERON:0001179 'peritoneal cavity')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001341
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0005450 {source="EHDAA2"} ! greater sac cavity


[Term]
id: UBERON:0005891 ! coelomic epithelium
name: coelomic epithelium
def: "The epithelial lining of the surface of the coelom." [XAO:0000329, Wikipedia:Coelomic_epithelium]
comment: AO notes: EHDAA2:0004049 used to be called "coelomic epithelium" but is now "gonadal ridge mesothelium"
synonym: "celomic epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "germinal epithelium of Waldeyer" EXACT [Wikipedia:Coelomic_epithelium]
xref: XAO:0000329 ! coelomic epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011997 ! coelom
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0004871 {source="XAO"} ! somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0004872 {source="XAO"} ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001304
name: germinal epithelium of ovary
def: "layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary[WP]." [Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(female), PMID:16923182, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Germinal_epithelium_%28female%29]
comment: Controversial - see article. Requires expert input. Also check BTO placement
synonym: "epithelium superficiale (ovarium)" EXACT []
synonym: "ovary germinal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "germinal epithelium (female)" EXACT [Wikipedia:Germinal_epithelium_(female)]
synonym: "female coelomic epithelium" RELATED [EMAPA:17384]
synonym: "ovarian surface epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0004483]
synonym: "surface epithelium of ovary" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18629 ! Germinal epithelium of ovary
xref: VHOG:0000630 ! ovary germinal epithelium
xref: MA:0001711 ! ovary germinal epithelium
xref: EHDAA:8126 ! germinal epithelium
xref: EMAPA:27564 ! coelomic epithelium of gonad of genitourinary system
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001361 ! ovary germinal epithelium
xref: BTO:0004483 ! ovarian surface epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000484 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001307 ! capsule of ovary
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Surface_Epithelium ! Ovarian Surface Epithelium
xref: SCTID:258308007 ! Entire germinal epithelium of ovary
xref: UMLS:C0227875

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005890
name: gonad germinal epithelium
synonym: "germinal epithelium" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000706]
synonym: "coelomic epithelium" RELATED [EMAPA:17384]
xref: VHOG:0000629 ! gonad germinal epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000706 ! germinal epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17384 ! coelomic epithelium of gonad of reproductive system
xref: BTO:0004524 ! germinal epithelium
xref: EV:0200046 ! germinal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005891 ! coelomic epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004909
name: epithelium of gonad
def: "An epithelium surrounding a gonad." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Note that after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts
synonym: "gonad epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonadal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FBbt:00004859 ! gonadal sheath
xref: EHDAA:4032 ! germinal epithelium [part_of: "gonadal component"]
xref: EHDAA:5931 ! germinal epithelium [part_of: "gonad primordium"]
xref: ncithesaurus:Germinal_Epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
xref: UMLS:C1517534

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004910
name: epithelium of male gonad
def: "An epithelium surrounding a testis." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Note that after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts
synonym: "testis epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "testis sheath" NARROW SENSU [FBbt:00004955]
xref: FBbt:00004955 ! testis sheath
xref: BTO:0001364 ! testis sheath
xref: EMAPA:17973 ! coelomic epithelium of testis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000473 ! testis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004911
name: epithelium of female gonad
def: "An epithelium surrounding an ovary." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Note that after reasoning this should subsume the more specific germinal epithelium classes. We include the fly structure here although it is not clear if the sheath is an epithelium or a multi-tissue structure that includes epithelium as parts
synonym: "ovary epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ovarian epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ovarian sheath" NARROW SENSU [FBbt:00004896]
xref: FBbt:00004896 ! ovarian sheath
xref: BTO:0003661 ! ovary epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001344
name: epithelium of vagina
def: "the epithelial layer of the vagina." [MP:0001140]
comment: FMA: nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; BTO: Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns; MA has single subclass (squamous)
synonym: "vagina epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "vaginal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium, vaginal" RELATED [BTO:0000422]
xref: BTO:0000422
xref: FMA:19978 ! Epithelium of vagina
xref: MA:0001730 ! vagina epithelium
xref: EMAPA:30991 ! epithelium of vagina
xref: ncithesaurus:Vaginal_Epithelium ! Vaginal Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000486 ! multilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
xref: UMLS:C0920840

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006923
name: vagina squamous epithelium
synonym: "vaginal squamous epithelium" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001731 ! vagina squamous epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Vaginal_Squamous_Epithelium ! Vaginal Squamous Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0006915 ! stratified squamous epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0006914 ! squamous epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
def: "A squamous epithelium that is part of a vagina." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1711259

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001345
name: obsolete fornix
def: "This class was obsoleted." [Wikipedia:Vaginal_fornix_of_brain]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0000051
consider: UBERON:0000052

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001347
name: white adipose tissue
def: "Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:White_adipose_tissue, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adipocytus unigutturalis" EXACT []
synonym: "textus adiposus albus" EXACT []
synonym: "unilocular adipose tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "white fat" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000813 ! white fat
xref: FMA:20117 ! White adipose tissue
xref: MA:0000058 ! white fat
xref: MAT:0000199 ! white fat
xref: MIAA:0000199 ! white fat
xref: ncithesaurus:White_Adipose_Tissue ! White Adipose Tissue
xref: BTO:0001456 ! white adipose tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000448 ! white fat cell
synonym: "textus adiposus albus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:White_adipose_tissue]
xref: UMLS:C1704223

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001348
name: brown adipose tissue
def: "Adipose tissue, cells of which contain multiple small lipid droplets.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Brown_adipose_tissue, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adipocytus multigutturalis" EXACT []
synonym: "brown fat" EXACT []
synonym: "multilocular adipose tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "textus adiposus fuscus" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000156
xref: EFO:0000812 ! brown fat
xref: FMA:20118 ! Brown adipose tissue
xref: GAID:921 ! brown fat
xref: MA:0000057 ! brown fat
xref: MAT:0000198 ! brown fat
xref: MIAA:0000198 ! brown fat
xref: ncithesaurus:Brown_Adipose_Tissue ! Brown Adipose Tissue
xref: EMAPA:19209 ! brown fat
xref: MESH:A10.165.114.322 ! brown fat
intersection_of: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000449 ! brown fat cell
xref: SCTID:15965003 ! Brown fat
synonym: "textus adiposus fuscus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brown_adipose_tissue]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Brownfat_PETCT.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0006298

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001351
name: lacrimal sac
def: "The lacrimal sac is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla. It connects the lacrimal canaliculi, which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity. This is mainly for high amounts of tears, in which the lacrimal sac pumps inward and outward driven by the orbicularis muscle during blinking. It is oval in form and measures from 12 to 15 mm. in length; its upper end is closed and rounded; its lower is continued into the nasolacrimal duct. Its superficial surface is covered by a fibrous expansion derived from the medial palpebral ligament, and its deep surface is crossed by the lacrimal part of the Orbicularis oculi, which is attached to the crest on the lacrimal bone. Like the nasolacrimal duct, the sac is lined by stratified columnar epithelium with mucus-secreting goblet cells, with surrounding connective tissue. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_sac]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:20289 ! Lacrimal sac
xref: MA:0001298 ! lacrimal sac
xref: ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Sac ! Lacrimal Sac
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001850 ! lacrimal duct
xref: SCTID:362534009 ! Entire lacrimal sac
synonym: "saccus lacrimalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_sac]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray896.png
xref: UMLS:C0229289

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001354
name: inferior epigastric artery
def: "In human anatomy, inferior epigastric artery refers to the artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein, the inferior epigastric vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_epigastric_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:20686 ! Inferior epigastric artery
xref: MA:0001978 ! inferior epigastric artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdBvQc6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Epigastric_Artery ! Inferior Epigastric Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdBvQc6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! inferior epigastric artery
xref: EMAPA:18751 ! inferior of epigastric artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001308 ! external iliac artery
xref: SCTID:244288009 ! Entire inferior epigastric artery
synonym: "arteria epigastrica inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_epigastric_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gray547.png
xref: UMLS:C0226401

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001355
name: deep femoral artery
def: "The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Deep_femoral_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arteria profunda femoris" EXACT []
synonym: "profunda femoris artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:20741 ! Deep femoral artery
xref: MA:0002027 ! profunda femoris artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Deep_Femoral_Artery ! Deep Femoral Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray548.png/200px-Gray548.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:181348000 ! Entire profunda femoris artery
xref: UMLS:C0226455

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001356
name: medial circumflex femoral artery
def: "The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medial femoral circumflex artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:20799 ! Medial circumflex femoral artery
xref: MA:0001996 ! medial femoral circumflex artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Circumflex_femoral_arteries.png/200px-Circumflex_femoral_arteries.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:244326008 ! Entire medial circumflex femoral artery
synonym: "arteria circumflexa femoris medialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Circumflex_femoral_arteries.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001357
name: inferior rectal artery
def: "The inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower half of the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior hemorrhoidal artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:20824 ! Inferior rectal artery
xref: MA:0001979 ! inferior rectal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Rectal_Artery ! Inferior Rectal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray542.png/200px-Gray542.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000159 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! anal canal
xref: SCTID:244304007 ! Entire inferior rectal artery
synonym: "arteria rectalis inferior, arteria hæmorrhoidalis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray542.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0006867 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! anal part of perineum
xref: UMLS:C0226393

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001358
name: perineal artery
def: "The perineal artery (superficial perineal artery) arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and finally divides into several posterior scrotal branches which are distributed to the skin and dartos tunic of the scrotum. As it crosses the Transversus perinæi superficialis it gives off the transverse perineal artery which runs transversely on the cutaneous surface of the muscle, and anastomoses with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side and with the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. It supplies the Transversus perinæi superficialis and the structures between the anus and the urethral bulb. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Perineal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:20836 ! Perineal artery
xref: MA:0002017 ! perineal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Perineal_Artery ! Perineal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gray542.png/200px-Gray542.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0007315 {source="FMA"} ! internal pudendal artery
xref: SCTID:244303001 ! Entire perineal artery
synonym: "arteria perinei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Perineal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray542.png
xref: UMLS:C0226394

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007312
name: pudendal artery
def: "Either the internal or external pudendal arteries." [Wikipedia:Pudendal_artery]
xref: MA:0002028 ! pudendal artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:277968003 ! Pudendal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007315
name: internal pudendal artery
def: "The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia. The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. It is smaller in the female than in the male." [Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery]
synonym: "internal pudendal vessels" RELATED [Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery]
synonym: "internal pudic artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery]
xref: FMA:18835 ! internal pudendal artery
is_a: UBERON:0007312 ! pudendal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001309 ! internal iliac artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0004176 ! external genitalia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006867 ! anal part of perineum
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0006867 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! anal part of perineum
xref: SCTID:244309002 ! Entire internal pudendal artery
synonym: "arteria pudenda interna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1244.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013137 ! external pudendal artery
name: external pudendal artery
is_a: UBERON:0007312 ! pudendal artery
xref: SCTID:244308005 ! Entire external pudendal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007314
name: superior external pudendal artery
xref: MA:0002029 ! superior external pudendal artery
is_a: UBERON:0013137 ! external pudendal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007316
name: deep external pudendal artery
def: "The deep external pudendal artery (deep external pudic artery), more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medialward across the Pectineus and the Adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the integument of the scrotum and perineum, in the female to the labium majus; its branches anastomose with the scrotal (or labial) branches of the perineal artery." [Wikipedia:Deep_external_pudendal_artery]
xref: FMA:20739 ! deep external pudendal artery
is_a: UBERON:0013137 ! external pudendal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0002060 {source="FMA"} ! femoral artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001308 {source="FMA"} ! external iliac artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002060 {source="FMA"} ! femoral artery
xref: SCTID:31708008 ! Entire deep external pudendal artery
synonym: "arteria pudenda externa profunda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deep_external_pudendal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray549.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007317
name: superficial external pudendal artery
def: "The superficial external pudendal artery (superficial external pudic artery) arises from the medial side of the femoral artery, close to the superficial epigastric artery and superficial iliac circumflex artery." [Wikipedia:Superficial_external_pudendal_artery]
comment: After piercing the femoral sheath and fascia cribrosa, it courses medialward, across the spermatic cord (or round ligament in the female), to be distributed to the integument on the lower part of the abdomen, the penis and scrotum in the male, and the labium majus in the female, anastomosing with branches of the internal pudendal artery. it crosses superficial to the inguinal ligament[WP]
xref: FMA:20738 ! superficial external pudendal artery
is_a: UBERON:0013137 ! external pudendal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0002060 {source="FMA"} ! femoral artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001308 {source="FMA"} ! external iliac artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002060 ! femoral artery
xref: SCTID:47954000 ! Entire superficial external pudendal artery
synonym: "arteria pudenda externa superficialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superficial_external_pudendal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray549.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009657
name: labial artery
comment: add child terms
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
xref: MA:0001987 ! labial artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Labial_Artery ! Labial Artery
xref: UMLS:C1708633

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001359
name: cerebrospinal fluid
def: "a clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord." [Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid]
comment: AO notes: the FMA def states that this is subarachnoid spaces only. ZFA def states subarachnoid spaces and brain ventricles, but not SC (and has part_of to brain). Circulation: It circulates from the lateral ventricles to the foramen of Monro (Interventricular foramen), third ventricle, aqueduct of Sylvius (Cerebral aqueduct), fourth ventricle, foramen of Magendie (Median aperture) and foramina of Luschka (Lateral apertures), subarachnoid space over brain and spinal cord. It should be noted that the CSF moves in a pulsatile manner throughout the CSF system with nearly zero net flow. CSF is reabsorbed into venous sinus blood via arachnoid granulations.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CSF" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebral spinal fluid" EXACT [ZFA:0001626]
synonym: "spinal fluid" RELATED [BTO:0000237]
synonym: "liquor cerebrospinalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid]
xref: BTO:0000237 ! cerebrospinal fluid
xref: EFO:0000329 ! cerebrospinal fluid
xref: ENVO:02000029
xref: FMA:20935 ! Cerebrospinal fluid
xref: GAID:1181 ! cerebrospinal fluid
xref: VHOG:0001278 ! cerebrospinal fluid
xref: MA:0002503 ! cerebrospinal fluid
xref: MAT:0000499 ! cerebrospinal fluid
xref: ZFA:0001626 ! cerebral spinal fluid
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebrospinal_Fluid ! Cerebrospinal Fluid
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1798 ! Cerebral Spinal Fluid
xref: MESH:A12.207.268 ! cerebrospinal fluid
xref: EV:0100311 ! cerebrospinal fluid
is_a: UBERON:0007779 {source="FMA"} ! transudate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002307 {source="EHDAA2"} ! choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
relationship: located_in UBERON:0005281 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ventricular system of central nervous system
xref: EHDAA2:0004441 ! cerebrospinal fluid
xref: TAO:0002184 ! cerebral spinal fluid
property_value: external_definition "Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002184", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In vertebrates, at early stages of Central Nervous System (CNS) development, the architecture of the brain primordium reveals the presence of the cavity of brain vesicles, which is filled by Embryonic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (E-CSF). (...) Rat and chick E-CSF proteomes are similar, although rat is more complex in certain groups of proteins, e.g., apolipoproteins, which may be involved in the control of neural diversity, and has soluble enzymes present, just like adult human CSF, but unlike chick E-CSF, revealing phylogenetic brain differences between these groups of vertebrates.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001278", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1021/pr050213t Parada C\, Gato A\, Bueno D\, Mammalian embryonic cerebrospinal fluid proteome has greater apolipoprotein and enzyme pattern complexity than the avian proteome. Journal of Proteome Research (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0007806

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001360
name: deep circumflex iliac vein
def: "The deep circumflex iliac vein is formed by the union of the venæ comitantes of the deep iliac circumflex artery, and joins the external iliac vein about 2 cm. above the inguinal ligament. It also receives small tributary branches from the thoracoepigastric vein [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "deep iliac circumflex vein" EXACT []
synonym: "vena circumflexa iliaca profunda" EXACT []
xref: FMA:21182 ! Deep circumflex iliac vein
xref: MA:0002099 ! deep iliac circumflex vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:11653007 ! Entire deep circumflex iliac vein
synonym: "vena circumflexa ilium profunda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001361
name: femoral vein
def: "In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Femoral_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:21185 ! Femoral vein
xref: GAID:533 ! femoral vein
xref: galen:FemoralVein
xref: MA:0002118 ! femoral vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Femoral_Vein ! Femoral Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwFXTLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! femoral vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Femoral_triangle.gif/200px-Femoral_triangle.gif
xref: EMAPA:17876 ! femoral vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.314 ! femoral vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
xref: AAO:0010237 ! femoral vein
xref: SCTID:362071002 ! Entire femoral vein
synonym: "vena femoralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femoral_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Femoral_triangle.gif
property_value: external_definition "Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs which collect blood from the hindlimb region.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010237", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0015809

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001362
name: perineal vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:21246 ! Perineal vein
xref: MA:0002193 ! perineal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001317 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal iliac vein
xref: SCTID:312507009 ! Perineal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007318 ! saphenous vein
name: saphenous vein
def: "Either of two main superficial veins of the leg, one larger than the other, that begin at the foot." [BTO:0001808]
xref: BTO:0001808 ! saphenous vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.819
xref: MA:0002215 ! saphenous vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
xref: ncithesaurus:Saphenous_Vein ! Saphenous Vein
xref: UMLS:C0036186

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001363
name: great saphenous vein
def: "The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein, Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "greater saphenous vein" EXACT []
synonym: "long saphenous vein" RELATED []
synonym: "large saphenous vein" RELATED [BTO:0003271]
xref: FMA:21376 ! Great saphenous vein
xref: galen:GreaterSaphenousVein
xref: galen:GreatSaphenousVein
xref: MA:0002216 ! great saphenous vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Long_Saphenous_Vein ! Long Saphenous Vein
xref: BTO:0003271 ! great saphenous vein
is_a: UBERON:0007318 ! saphenous vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001361 {source="FMA/obol"} ! femoral vein
xref: SCTID:181402008 ! Entire long saphenous vein
synonym: "vena saphena magna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Great_saphenous_vein.png
xref: UMLS:C0392907

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001547
name: small saphenous vein
def: "The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lesser saphenous vein" EXACT []
synonym: "short saphenous vein" EXACT []
xref: FMA:44333 ! Small saphenous vein
xref: galen:LesserSaphenousVein
xref: MA:0002217 ! small saphenous vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Short_Saphenous_Vein ! Short Saphenous Vein
xref: BTO:0003272 ! small saphenous vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gray582.png/200px-Gray582.png
is_a: UBERON:0007318 ! saphenous vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="FMA"} ! popliteal vein
xref: SCTID:181404009 ! Entire small saphenous vein
synonym: "vena saphena parva" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Gray582.png
xref: UMLS:C0226827

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013145 ! accessory saphenous vein
name: accessory saphenous vein
synonym: "posteromedial vein of thigh" EXACT  [FMA:44320]
is_a: UBERON:0007318 ! saphenous vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001363 {source="FMA"} ! great saphenous vein
xref: FMA:44320 ! accessory saphenous vein
xref: SCTID:302677006 ! Entire accessory saphenous vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007319
name: medial saphenous vein
comment: todo - check
synonym: "medial accessory saphenous vein" EXACT [FMA:44322]
xref: MA:0002173 ! medial saphenous vein
xref: FMA:44322 ! medial accessory saphenous vein
is_a: UBERON:0013145 ! accessory saphenous vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007321
name: lateral saphenous vein
comment: todo - check
synonym: "lateral accessory saphenous vein" EXACT [FMA:44321]
xref: MA:0002161 ! lateral saphenous vein
xref: FMA:44321 ! lateral accessory saphenous vein
is_a: UBERON:0013145 ! accessory saphenous vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001364
name: obsolete circumpennate
synonym: "radial" EXACT []
synonym: "radials" RELATED []
consider: FMA:21431 ! Circumpennate
consider: ZFA:0000271 ! radial
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "radialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:21431]


[Term]
id: UBERON:0001369
name: iliacus muscle
def: "The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle, which fills the iliac fossa. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle]
comment: AAO has iliacus major and minor, both of which attach to ilium and femur - consider grouping these somehow
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "iliacus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle]
synonym: "anterior muscle of pelvic girdle" EXACT []
synonym: "iliacus" EXACT [MA:0002318]
xref: FMA:22310 ! Iliacus
xref: MA:0002318 ! iliacus
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliacus ! Iliacus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: EMAPA:19164 ! iliacus
is_a: UBERON:0001497 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of pelvic girdle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001267 {source="dbpedia"} ! femoral nerve
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001370 {source="dbpedia"} ! gluteus maximus
synonym: "musculus iliacus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0011015  {source="dbpedia"} ! iliac fossa
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002504 {source="dbpedia", notes="lesser trochanter of femur"} ! lesser trochanter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: SCTID:244956009 ! Entire iliacus muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224418

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001370
name: gluteus maximus
def: "The gluteus maximus is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. In humans, it makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks. It is a broad and thick fleshy mass of a quadrilateral shape, and forms the prominence of the nates. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. The muscle is remarkably coarse in structure, being made up of fasciculi lying parallel with one another and collected together into large bundles separated by fibrous septa. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gluteus superficialis" RELATED []
synonym: "m.gluteus maximus" EXACT []
synonym: "glutæus maximus" EXACT []
synonym: "glutaeus maximus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle]
synonym: "gluteus maximus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle]
xref: FMA:22314 ! Gluteus maximus
xref: MA:0002309 ! gluteus maximus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Gluteus_Maximus ! Gluteus Maximus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gluteus maximus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG
xref: EMAPA:18527 ! gluteus maximus
is_a: UBERON:0002000 ! gluteal muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001369 {source="dbpedia"} ! iliacus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001298 {source="dbpedia"} ! psoas major
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001372 {source="dbpedia"} ! psoas minor
synonym: "musculus gluteus maximus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia", notes="Gluteal tuberosity of the femur iliotibial tract"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001273 {source="dbpedia", notes="Gluteal surface of ilium lumbar fascia sacrum sacrotuberous ligament"} ! ilium
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003690 {source="dbpedia", notes="Gluteal surface of ilium lumbar fascia sacrum sacrotuberous ligament"} ! sacrum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG
xref: SCTID:181674001 ! Entire gluteus maximus muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224424

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001371
name: gluteus medius
def: "The gluteus medius (or glutæus medius), one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integument. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle]
synonym: "gluteus medius muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle]
synonym: "musculus gluteus medius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22315 ! Gluteus medius
xref: galen:GluteusMedius
xref: MA:0002310 ! gluteus medius
xref: ncithesaurus:Gluteus_Medius ! Gluteus Medius
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG
xref: EMAPA:19163 ! gluteus medius
is_a: UBERON:0002000 ! gluteal muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle
synonym: "musculus gluteus medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002503 {source="dbpedia", notes="Greater trochanter of the femur"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001273 {source="dbpedia", notes="Gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus maximus"} ! ilium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG
xref: SCTID:181675000 ! Entire gluteus medius muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224425

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008521
name: gluteus minimus
def: "The gluteus minimus (or glutC&us minimus), the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius." [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
synonym: "glut%c3%a6us minimus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
synonym: "glutaeus minimus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
synonym: "gluteus minimus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
synonym: "gluteus minimus muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002000 {source="FMA"} ! gluteal muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle
xref: FMA:22317 ! gluteus minimus
xref: SCTID:181676004 ! Entire gluteus minimus muscle
synonym: "musculus gluteus minimus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002503 {source="dbpedia", notes="Greater trochanter of the femur"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001273 {source="dbpedia", notes="Gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus medius."} ! ilium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001373
name: sartorius muscle
def: "The Sartorius muscle – the longest muscle in the human body – is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle." [Wikipedia:Sartorius_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes (via VHOG): "The ambiens of reptiles and the iliotibialis of amphibians are likely homologues of the sartorius." Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, Fourth Edition (2006) McGraw-Hill, p.391 [VHOG:0001192]. No iliotibialis in AAO - M. sartorius has def: "Originates on the ventral pelvic rim, the pubic region, and the ventral surface of the adductor longus. The insertion bifurcates distally; the ventral portion attaches to the aponeurosis of the cruralis and the dorsal part attaches to the distal attachment of the gracilis major, the semitendinosus, and to the aponeurosis of the cruralis." [AAO:0010027]. We do NOT group this AAO class here at this stage until further evidence of shared attachments
synonym: "sartorius" EXACT [MA:0002368]
synonym: "M. sartorius" RELATED []
synonym: "musculus sartorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sartorius_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0001215
xref: EHDAA:10583 ! sartorius
xref: FMA:22353 ! Sartorius
xref: VHOG:0001192 ! sartorius
xref: MA:0002368 ! sartorius
xref: galen:Sartorius ! sartorius
xref: EHDAA2:0001776 ! sartorius
xref: ncithesaurus:Sartorius_Muscle ! Sartorius Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0008977 {source="dbpedia", notes="anteromedial surface of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus"} ! pes anserinus of tibia
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001267 {source="dbpedia", notes="femoral nerve"} ! femoral nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Sartorius.png
xref: SCTID:181683006 ! Entire sartorius muscle
property_value: homology_notes "The ambiens of reptiles and the iliotibialis of amphibians are likely homologues of the sartorius.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001192", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.391", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0224434

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001375
name: semitendinosus
def: "The semitendinosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh; it is one of the hamstrings. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semitendinosus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "semitendinosus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus semitendinosus" RELATED [BTO:0001236]
xref: BTO:0001236
xref: FMA:22357 ! Semitendinosus
xref: MA:0002375 ! semitendinosus
xref: ncithesaurus:Semitendinosus ! Semitendinosus
xref: galen:Semitendinosus ! semitendinosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Semitendinosus_muscle.PNG/200px-Semitendinosus_muscle.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: SCTID:181685004 ! Entire semitendinosus muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0008977 {source="dbpedia"} ! pes anserinus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001377 {source="dbpedia"} ! quadriceps femoris
synonym: "musculus semitendinosus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semitendinosus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Semitendinosus_muscle.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0224453

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001376
name: tensor fasciae latae muscle
def: "The tensor fasciae latae or tensor fasciæ latæ is a muscle of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tensor_fasciae_latae_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tensor of fascia lata" EXACT []
synonym: "tensor fasciae lata" EXACT [MA:0002391]
synonym: "tensor fasciae latae" EXACT [FMA:22423]
synonym: "tensor fasciae lata muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus tensor fasciae latae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Tensor_fasciae_latae_muscle]
xref: FMA:22423 ! tensor fasciae latae
xref: MA:0002391 ! tensor fasciae lata
xref: ncithesaurus:Tensor_Fasciae_Lata ! Tensor Fasciae Lata
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0002000 ! gluteal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010746 ! iliac blade
synonym: "musculus tensor fasciae latae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:22423]
xref: SCTID:181671009 ! Entire tensor fascia lata
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Anatomical_dissection5.JPG
xref: UMLS:C1384497

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001377
name: quadriceps femoris
def: "The quadriceps femoris, also called simply the quadriceps, quadriceps extensor, quads, is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. It is the strongest and leanest muscle in the human body. It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names: Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course. The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles: Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh). Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh). Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh). All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the patella (knee cap) via the quadriceps tendon. The quadriceps is also involved in Lombard's Paradox. The proper plural form of the adjective quadriceps is quadricipes, a form not in general use; instead, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural (i.e. , when referring to both legs). The form quadricep &#91;sic&#93;, though common even in professional contexts, is incorrect. The error may derive from a mistaken belief that quadriceps is a plural noun (rather than an adjective in the singular), since English typically forms its plurals with the addition of the letter s to the end of a word stem. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Quadriceps_femoris_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "quadriceps" EXACT []
synonym: "quadriceps femoris muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus quadriceps femoris" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
synonym: "quadricep muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
synonym: "quadriceps muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
synonym: "quadriceps muscle of the thigh" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
synonym: "quadriceps muscle of thigh" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
xref: BTO:0001149
xref: EHDAA:8299 ! quadriceps
xref: FMA:22428 ! Quadriceps femoris
xref: VHOG:0000828 ! quadriceps
xref: MA:0002363 ! quadriceps
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjd-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0001938 ! quadricep muscle
xref: galen:QuadricepsFemoris ! quadriceps femoris
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjd-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! quadriceps
xref: EHDAA2:0001583 ! quadriceps
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
xref: EMAPA:19073 ! quadriceps of skeletal muscle of mesenchyme of upper leg
xref: EMAPA:19146 ! quadriceps of skeletal muscle of upper leg
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: ncithesaurus:Quadriceps_Muscle_of_the_Thigh ! Quadriceps Muscle of the Thigh
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001267 {source="dbpedia"} ! femoral nerve
synonym: "musculus quadriceps femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Quadriceps_femoris_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia", notes="tibial tuberosity"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001378 {source="dbpedia", notes="combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles"} ! rectus femoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
xref: SCTID:181669009 ! Entire quadriceps femoris muscle
property_value: external_definition "The quadriceps is a collective term for the rectus femoris and the three heads of the vastus (lateralis, medialis, intermedius). [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.391][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000828", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0224440

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001378
name: rectus femoris
def: "The Rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. (The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as the patellar ligament. ) The Rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight down to the deep aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Rectus_femoris_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus rectos femoris" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22430 ! Rectus femoris
xref: MA:0002365 ! rectus femoris
xref: ncithesaurus:Rectus_Femoris ! Rectus Femoris
xref: BTO:0001564 ! rectus femoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rectus_femoris.png/200px-Rectus_femoris.png
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris
xref: SCTID:181679006 ! Entire rectus femoris
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002463 {source="dbpedia"} ! hamstring muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001267 {source="dbpedia"} ! femoral nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001269 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum"} ! acetabular part of hip bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Rectus_femoris.png
xref: UMLS:C0584894

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001379
name: vastus lateralis
def: "The Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus) is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the Glutæus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the Vastus lateralis and short head of the Biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the Quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vastus_lateralis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vastus externus" RELATED [BTO:0001563]
synonym: "lateralis" BROAD []
xref: FMA:22431 ! Vastus lateralis
xref: MA:0002402 ! vastus lateralis
xref: ncithesaurus:Vastus_Lateralis ! Vastus Lateralis
xref: BTO:0001563 ! vastus lateralis
xref: EFO:0001937 ! vastus lateralis
xref: galen:VastusLateralis ! vastus lateralis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris
xref: UMLS:C0224444

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001380
name: vastus medialis
def: "The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vastus_medialis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medialis" BROAD []
xref: FMA:22432 ! Vastus medialis
xref: MA:0002403 ! vastus medialis
xref: galen:VastusMedialis ! vastus medialis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vastus_medialis.png/200px-Vastus_medialis.png
xref: BTO:0004913 ! vastus medialis
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002446 {source="dbpedia"} ! patella
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001267 {source="dbpedia"} ! femoral nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia"} ! femur
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Vastus_medialis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001381
name: semimembranosus
def: "The semimembranosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh. It is the most medial of the three hamstring muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semimembranosus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus semimembranosus" RELATED [BTO:0003177]
xref: FMA:22438 ! Semimembranosus
xref: MA:0002371 ! semimembranosus
xref: ncithesaurus:Semimembranosus ! Semimembranosus
xref: BTO:0003177 ! semimembranosus
xref: galen:Semimembranosus ! semimembranosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Semimembranosus_muscle.PNG/200px-Semimembranosus_muscle.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: UMLS:C0224452

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008230 ! tibialis
name: tibialis
def: "Either of two muscles of the calf of the leg." [Fast_Health_Medical_Dictionary:http://www.fasthealth.com/dictionary/]
xref: MA:0002425 ! tibialis muscle
xref: BTO:0000864 ! tibialis
is_a: UBERON:0000366 {source="BTO"} ! flexor muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibialis ! Tibialis
synonym: "tibialis muscle" EXACT [MA:0002425]
xref: UMLS:C1710422

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001385
name: tibialis anterior
def: "In human anatomy, the tibialis anterior is a muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to invert the foot. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. This muscle overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. The M. tibialis cranialis is a muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus. It originates on the craniodistal aspect of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus and inserts on the cranial surface of the tarsometarsus[EvoWiki]." [Wikipedia:Tibialis_anterior_muscle, http://evolutionwiki.org/wiki/M._tibialis_cranialis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tibilais cranialis" EXACT []
synonym: "tibialis cranialis" EXACT [MA:0002395]
synonym: "anterior tibialis" RELATED [BTO:0001382]
synonym: "ibialis anticus" RELATED [BTO:0001382]
synonym: "tibialis anterior muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001382]
xref: BTO:0001382
xref: FMA:22532 ! Tibialis anterior
xref: MA:0002395 ! tibialis cranialis
xref: galen:TibialisAnterior ! tibialis anterior
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray1240.png/200px-Gray1240.png
xref: EFO:0001385 ! tibialis anterior muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008230 ! tibialis
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibialis_Cranialis ! Tibialis Cranialis
xref: SCTID:181696007 ! Entire tibialis anterior
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001389 {source="dbpedia"} ! soleus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001388 {source="dbpedia"} ! gastrocnemius
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001667 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis posterior
synonym: "musculus tibialis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tibialis_anterior_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010721 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot"} ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001448 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot"} ! metatarsal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray1240.png
xref: UMLS:C1710423

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009132 ! peroneus
name: peroneus
def: "a group of three muscles fibularis (peronæus) longus, brevis, and tertius originating on the fibula and inserting on the metatarsals" [Wikipedia:Fibularis_muscles]
synonym: "fibularis" EXACT []
synonym: "fibularis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneal muscles" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneal muscle group" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hindlimb zeugopod
xref: SCTID:181694005 ! Peroneus
xref: EHDAA2:0001450 ! peroneus
xref: EHDAA:8297 ! peroneus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001387
name: fibularis longus
def: "In human anatomy, the peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle. It is situated at the upper part of the lateral side of the leg, and is the most superficial of the three peroneus muscles. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "peroneus longus" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneus longus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "fibularis longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "fibularis longus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "peronaei longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "peronaeus longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "peroneous longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "peroneus longus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
xref: FMA:22539 ! Fibularis longus
xref: MA:0002356 ! peroneus longus
xref: ncithesaurus:Peroneus_Longus ! Peroneus Longus
xref: galen:PeroneusLongus ! peroneus longus
xref: SCTID:361825008 ! Entire peroneus longus muscle
xref: SCTID:361825008 ! Entire peroneus longus muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray1240.png/200px-Gray1240.png
is_a: UBERON:0009132 ! peroneus
synonym: "musculus peroneus longus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:22539]
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis anterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001452 {source="dbpedia"} ! distal tarsal bone 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia"} ! fibula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray1240.png
xref: UMLS:C0224469

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010524
name: fibularis tertius
def: "The peroneus tertius (also known as fibularis tertius) is a muscle of the human body located in the lower limb. The muscle arises from the lower third of the anterior surface of the fibula; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; and from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus brevis. The tendon, after passing under the superior extensor retinaculum of foot and inferior extensor retinaculum of foot in the same canal as the extensor digitorum longus, is inserted into the dorsal surface of the base of the metatarsal bone of the 5th digit. It is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. Its action is that of weak dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and to evert the foot at the ankle joint." [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius_muscle]
synonym: "fibularis tertius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "fibularis tertius muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "peronaeus tertius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "peroneus tertius" EXACT [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "peroneus tertius muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "musculus peroneus tertius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "peroneus tertius" EXACT  [FMA:22538]
is_a: UBERON:0009132 ! peroneus
xref: FMA:22538 ! fibularis tertius
xref: SCTID:181701000 ! Entire peroneus tertius muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010526
name: fibularis brevis
def: "The peroneus brevis muscle (or fibularis brevis) lies under cover of the peroneus longus, and is a shorter and smaller muscle." [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "fibularis brevis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "peronaeus brevis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "peroneus brevis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "peronius brevis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "musculus peroneus brevis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "peroneus brevis" EXACT  [FMA:22540]
is_a: UBERON:0009132 ! peroneus
xref: FMA:22540 ! fibularis brevis
xref: SCTID:181704008 ! Entire peroneus brevis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia"} ! fibula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Gray357.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001388
name: gastrocnemius
def: "A muscle of the shank. In mammals it has two heads[Kardong]. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing, walking, running and jumping. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle. [WP]." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Gastrocnemius_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "m.gastrocnemius" EXACT []
synonym: "m. gastrocnemius" EXACT []
synonym: "gastrocnemius muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000506]
synonym: "musculus gastrocnemius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gastrocnemius_muscle]
xref: BTO:0000506
xref: EHDAA:8293 ! gastrocnemius
xref: FMA:22541 ! Gastrocnemius
xref: galen:Gastrocnemius
xref: VHOG:0001193 ! gastrocnemius
xref: MA:0002306 ! gastrocnemius
xref: EFO:0001413 ! gastrocnemius
xref: EHDAA2:0000701 ! gastrocnemius
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gastrocnemius.png/200px-Gastrocnemius.png
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001665 {source="FMA"} ! triceps surae
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastrocnemius_Muscle ! Gastrocnemius Muscle
xref: SCTID:181700004 ! Entire gastrocnemius
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis anterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003701 {source="dbpedia", notes="tendo calcaneus into mid-posteior calcaneus"} ! achilles tendon
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001450 {source="dbpedia", notes="tendo calcaneus into mid-posteior calcaneus"} ! calcaneous
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001323 {source="dbpedia", notes="tibial nerve from the sciatic specifically nerve roots"} ! tibial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0009984 {source="dbpedia", notes="superior to articular surfaces of lateral condyle of femur and medial condyle of femur"} ! medial condyle of femur
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Gastrocnemius.png
property_value: external_definition "The most superficial calf muscle in the posterior part of the leg. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001193", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastrocnemius", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The most prominent ventral muscle of the shank is the gastrocnemius, the 'calf' muscle. In mammals, it has two heads, resulting from the fusion of two different phylogenetic predecessors.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001193", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.393", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0242691

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011907
name: gastrocnemius medialis
def: "." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Mammalian gastrocnemius medialis and flexor hallucis longus arise from reptilian gastrocnemius internus[Kardong]
synonym: "caput mediale (musculus gastrocnemius)" EXACT  [FMA:45956]
synonym: "medial head of gastrocnemius" EXACT [FMA:45956]
synonym: "medial head of gastrocnemius muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011906 ! muscle head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001388 {source="FMA"} ! gastrocnemius
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011909 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! gastrocnemius internus
xref: FMA:45956 ! medial head of gastrocnemius
xref: SCTID:213689008 ! Entire medial head of gastrocnemius muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011908
name: gastrocnemius lateralis
def: "." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Mammalian gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus and plantaris arise from reptilian gastrocnemius externus[Kardong]
synonym: "caput laterale (musculus gastrocnemius)" EXACT  [FMA:45959]
synonym: "lateral head of gastrocnemius" EXACT [FMA:45959]
synonym: "lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011906 ! muscle head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001388 {source="FMA"} ! gastrocnemius
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011910 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! gastrocnemius externus
xref: FMA:45959 ! lateral head of gastrocnemius
xref: SCTID:213588009 ! Entire lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011909 ! gastrocnemius internus
name: gastrocnemius internus
def: "." [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "musculus gastrocnemius internus" EXACT []
synonym: "M. gastrocnemius internus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011910
name: gastrocnemius externus
synonym: "musculus gastrocnemius externus" EXACT []
synonym: "M. gastrocnemius externus" EXACT []
def: "." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001389
name: soleus muscle
def: "a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle and some anatomists consider them to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. Its name is derived from the solefish whose shape it resembles. The soleus is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. Not all mammals have a soleus muscle; one familiar species that lacks the soleus is the dog." [Wikipedia:Soleus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "soleus" EXACT [MA:0002424]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0001265
xref: FMA:22542 ! Soleus
xref: MA:0002424 ! soleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Soleus ! Soleus
xref: galen:Soleus ! soleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
xref: EFO:0001946 ! soleus muscle
xref: SCTID:181702007 ! Entire soleus
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001665 {source="FMA"} ! triceps surae
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9611 {source="Wikipedia:Soleus"} ! Canis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003701 {source="dbpedia"} ! achilles tendon
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis anterior
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001323 {source="dbpedia", notes="tibial nerve specifically nerve roots "} ! tibial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia", notes="fibula medial border of tibia"} ! fibula
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011910 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! gastrocnemius externus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "soleal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0242694

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001665
name: triceps surae
def: "The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the back part of the lower leg, commonly known as the calf muscle. The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has 3 heads deriving from the 2 major masses of muscle. The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off 2 heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee. The deep (profundis) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia. The triceps surae is innervated by the tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
comment: A set of muscles in FMA, a single organ in MA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "calf muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
synonym: "gastrosoleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
synonym: "gastrosoleus complex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
synonym: "sural triceps" RELATED []
xref: FMA:51062 ! Triceps surae
xref: MA:0002400 ! triceps surae
xref: ncithesaurus:Triceps_Surae ! Triceps Surae
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="MA"} ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001450 {source="dbpedia"} ! calcaneus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003701 {source="dbpedia"} ! achilles tendon
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001323 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibial nerve
synonym: "musculus triceps surae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0224458

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011905
name: plantaris
def: "Plantaris is a vestigial structure and one of the superficial muscles of the posterior crural compartment of the leg. It is innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2) . It is composed of a thin muscle belly and a long thin tendon. It is approximately 2-4 inches long, and is absent in 7 - 10% of the human population. It is one of the plantar flexors in the superior compartment of the leg along with the gastrocnemius, and soleus. The plantaris is considered an unimportant muscle, it mainly acts with gastrocnemius[WP]." [Wikipedia:Plantaris_muscle]
comment: Editor notes: todo - coordinate with phenoscape-ext on representation of amphibian plantaris longus and profundus
synonym: "plantaris" EXACT [FMA:22543]
synonym: "musculus plantaris" EXACT LATIN []
xref: FMA:22543 ! plantaris
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011910 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! gastrocnemius externus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000981 {notes="Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003701 ! calcaneal tendon
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001323 ! tibial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 ! tibialis anterior
xref: EFO:0001979 ! plantaris muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001390
name: sural artery
def: "The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sural_artery]
comment: TODO: check NCITA class
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22570 ! Sural artery
xref: MA:0002058 ! sural artery
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Sural_Artery ! Sural Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gray551.png/200px-Gray551.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:302693002 ! Entire sural artery
xref: UMLS:C0226464

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001391
name: popliteus muscle
def: "The popliteus muscle in the leg is used to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during a closed chain movement (such as one with the foot in contact with the ground). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Popliteus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "m.popliteus" EXACT []
synonym: "popliteal" EXACT []
synonym: "popliteus muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22590 ! Popliteus
xref: MA:0002554 ! popliteus
xref: ncithesaurus:Popliteus_Muscle ! popliteus muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray439.png/200px-Gray439.png
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001323 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibial nerve
synonym: "musculus popliteus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Popliteus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0009980 {source="dbpedia", notes="middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle"} ! condyle of femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior-medial tibia under the tibial condyles"} ! tibia
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Gray439.png
xref: SCTID:245032004 ! Entire popliteus muscle
synonym: "popliteus" EXACT [FMA:22590]
synonym: "popliteal muscle" EXACT [FMA:22590]
synonym: "popliteus" EXACT [MA:0002554]
xref: UMLS:C0224457

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001393
name: auditory cortex
def: "The primary auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory information. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Auditory_cortex]
synonym: "primary auditory cortex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auditory_cortex]
synonym: "A1 (primary auditory cortex)" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex]
synonym: "anterior transverse temporal area 41" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex]
synonym: "auditory cortex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex]
synonym: "Brodmann area 41" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex]
synonym: "BA41" RELATED ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "Brodmann area 41 & 42" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex]
synonym: "Brodmann area 42" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex]
synonym: "BA42" RELATED ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "posterior transverse temporal area 42" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primary_auditory_cortex]
synonym: "temporal auditory neocortex" RELATED [GEO:GSE13344]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:226221 ! Auditory cortex
xref: GAID:682 ! auditory cortex
xref: MA:0000942 ! auditory cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Auditory_Cortex ! Auditory Cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Brodmann_41_42.png/200px-Brodmann_41_42.png
xref: BTO:0004343 ! auditory cortex
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.863.297 ! auditory cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002619 {source="FMA"} ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 {source="MA"} ! temporal lobe
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007605 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hearing
xref: UMLS:C0004302

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009897
name: right auditory cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001393 ! auditory cortex
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: FMA:242654 ! Right auditory cortex
def: "An auditory cortex that is in the left side of a brain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009898
name: left auditory cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001393 ! auditory cortex
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: FMA:242656 ! Left auditory cortex
def: "An auditory cortex that is in the right side of a brain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001394
name: axillary artery
def: "In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Axillary_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "axillary part of trunk of subclavian artery" EXACT []
synonym: "axillary part of subclavian artery" EXACT [FMA:22654]
xref: FMA:22654 ! Axillary artery
xref: GAID:473 ! axillary artery
xref: galen:AxillaryArtery
xref: MA:0002573 ! axillary artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Axillary_Artery ! Axillary Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwRh-vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! axillary artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Axillary_limits.PNG/200px-Axillary_limits.PNG
xref: EMAPA:18749 ! axillary artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.085 ! axillary artery
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
xref: SCTID:181321001 ! Entire axillary artery
synonym: "arteria axillaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Axillary_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Axillary_limits.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0004455

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001395
name: thoraco-acromial artery
def: "The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thoraco-acromial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "acromiothoracic artery" EXACT []
synonym: "thoracoacromial artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22671 ! Thoraco-acromial artery
xref: MA:0002064 ! thoraco-acromial artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Acromial_Thoracic_Artery ! Thoracoacromial Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Axillary_branches.PNG/200px-Axillary_branches.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
xref: SCTID:244315002 ! Entire thoracoacromial artery
xref: UMLS:C0226420

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001396
name: lateral thoracic artery
def: "In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external mammary artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22674 ! Lateral thoracic artery
xref: MA:0001989 ! lateral thoracic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Thoracic_Artery ! Lateral Thoracic Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Axillary_branches.PNG/200px-Axillary_branches.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
xref: SCTID:206135006 ! Entire lateral thoracic artery
synonym: "arteria thoracalis lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Axillary_branches.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0226421

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001397
name: subscapular artery
def: "The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22677 ! Subscapular artery
xref: MA:0002050 ! subscapular artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Subscapular_Artery ! Subscapular Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Axillary_branches.PNG/200px-Axillary_branches.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:244311006 ! Entire subscapular artery
synonym: "arteria subscapularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Axillary_branches.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0226422

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001398
name: brachial artery
def: "The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure. The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brachial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "brachial part of trunk of subclavian artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22689 ! Brachial artery
xref: GAID:475 ! brachial artery
xref: galen:BrachialArtery
xref: MA:0001921 ! brachial artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Brachial_Artery ! Brachial Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwM-i5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! brachial artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray525.png/200px-Gray525.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.139 ! brachial artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: AAO:0010504 ! brachial artery
xref: SCTID:181322008 ! Entire brachial artery
synonym: "arteria brachialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachial_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray525.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of the subclavian artery which supplies blood to the forelimb.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010504", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: EFO:0004231 ! brachial artery
xref: UMLS:C0006087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001399
name: deep brachial artery
def: "The arteria profunda brachii (also known as deep artery of the arm and the deep brachial artery) is a large vessel which arises from the medial and back part of the brachial, just below the lower border of the Teres major. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Deep_brachial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "profunda brachii artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22695 ! Deep brachial artery
xref: MA:0002026 ! profunda brachii artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray526.png/200px-Gray526.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
synonym: "arteria profunda brachii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:22695]
xref: SCTID:41065002 ! Entire deep brachial artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001404
name: radial artery
def: "In human anatomy, the radial artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the lateral aspect of the forearm. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Radial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22730 ! Radial artery
xref: GAID:506 ! radial artery
xref: MA:0002034 ! radial artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Radial_Artery ! Radial Artery
xref: galen:RadialArtery ! radial artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvxzeR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! radial artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray1237.svg/200px-Gray1237.svg.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.740 ! radial artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:181332001 ! Entire radial artery
synonym: "A. Radialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Radial_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray1237.svg
xref: UMLS:C0162857

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011013
name: spinalis muscle
def: "The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Spinalis]
synonym: "medial column of erector spinae" RELATED []
synonym: "musculus spinalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Spinalis]
synonym: "spinalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Spinalis]
synonym: "spinal muscle" EXACT [BTO:0002621]
xref: FMA:77179 ! spinalis
xref: BTO:0002621 ! spinal muscle
synonym: "spinalis" EXACT [FMA:77179]
xref: SCTID:244862000 ! Entire spinalis muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002462 {source="BTO"} ! erector spinae
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0006839 {source="dbpedia"} ! posterior ramus of spinal nerve
synonym: "musculus spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spinalis]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous process Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: SP of cervical vertebrae except C1."} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001092 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous process Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: SP of cervical vertebrae except C1."} ! cervical vertebra 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous process Thoracis: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7."} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004616 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous process Thoracis: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7."} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 7
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Spinalis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001405
name: spinalis thoracis muscle
def: "Origin: spinous processes of two upper lumbar and two lower thoracic; insertion: spines of upper thoracic vertebrae; innervation: branches of spinal nerves; action: extends vertebral column." [BTO:0002624]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "spinalis dorsi" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Spinalis#Spinalis_dorsi]
synonym: "musculus spinalis dorsi" RELATED  [BTO:0002624]
synonym: "musculus spinalis thoracis" RELATED  [BTO:0002624]
synonym: "spinal muscle of thorax" RELATED [BTO:0002624]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22765 ! Spinalis thoracis
xref: MA:0002381 ! spinalis thoracis
synonym: "spinalis thoracis" EXACT [MA:0002381]
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinalis_Thoracis ! Spinalis Thoracis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spinalis.png/200px-Spinalis.png
xref: SCTID:244863005 ! Entire spinalis thoracis muscle
xref: BTO:0002624 ! spinal muscle of thorax
is_a: UBERON:0011013 {source="FMA"} ! spinalis
xref: UMLS:C0224311

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011014
name: spinalis capitis muscle
def: "Origin: spines of upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae; insertion: occipital bone; innervation: spinal nerves; action, extends head." [BTO:0002622]
synonym: "spinal muscle of head" EXACT [BTO:0002622]
is_a: UBERON:0011013 {source="FMA"} ! spinalis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003129 ! skull
xref: FMA:22775 ! spinalis capitis
synonym: "spinalis capitis" EXACT [FMA:22775]
synonym: "spinal muscle of head" EXACT [BTO:0002622]
xref: SCTID:244865003 ! Entire spinalis capitis muscle
xref: BTO:0002622 ! spinal muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011218
name: spinalis cervicis muscle
def: "Origin: spinous processes of seventh cervical and sometimes two upper thoracic vertebrae; insertion: spinous processes of axis and sometimes of second to fourth cervical vertebrae; innervation: branches of cervical; action: extends vertebral column." [BTO:0002623]
comment: The Spinalis cervicis (Spinalis colli) is an inconstant muscle, which arises from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchæ, the spinous process of the seventh cervical, and sometimes from the spinous processes of the first and second thoracic vertebrae, and is inserted into the spinosus process of the axis, and occasionally into the spinous processes of the two vertebrae below it. [Wikipedia:Spinalis#Spinalis_cervivis]
synonym: "musculus spinalis cervicis" RELATED  [BTO:0002623]
synonym: "spinal muscle of neck" EXACT [BTO:0002623]
is_a: UBERON:0011013 {source="BTO"} ! spinalis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000351 {source="dbpedia", notes="also spinous process of C7"} ! nuchal ligament
xref: BTO:0002623 ! spinal muscle of neck
xref: SCTID:244864004 ! Entire spinalis cervicis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001406
name: ulnar artery
def: "The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ulnar_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22796 ! Ulnar artery
xref: GAID:515 ! ulnar artery
xref: MA:0002069 ! ulnar artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Ulnar_Artery ! Ulnar Artery
xref: galen:UlnarArtery ! ulnar artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAF2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ulnar artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray1237.svg/200px-Gray1237.svg.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.920 ! ulnar artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:181333006 ! Entire ulnar artery
synonym: "A. Ulnaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ulnar_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray1237.svg
xref: UMLS:C0162858

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011017
name: semispinalis muscle
def: "a transversospinalis muscle of the human body." [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_muscle]
synonym: "semispinalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
xref: FMA:22823 ! semispinalis
xref: SCTID:244867006 ! Entire semispinalis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001407
name: semispinalis thoracis
def: "The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted, by tendons, into the spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "semispinalis dorsi" EXACT [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi]
synonym: "semispinalis dorsi muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22828 ! Semispinalis thoracis
xref: MA:0002374 ! semispinalis thoracis
xref: ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Thoracis ! Semispinalis Thoracis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Semispinalis.png/200px-Semispinalis.png
is_a: UBERON:0011017 {source="FMA"} ! semispinalis
synonym: "musculus semispinalis thoracis, musculus semispinalis dorsi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae"} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebre"} ! transverse process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Semispinalis.png
xref: SCTID:244868001 ! Entire semispinalis thoracis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224316

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001408
name: semispinalis cervicis
def: "The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. The fasciculus connected with the axis is the largest, and is chiefly muscular in structure. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_cervicis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22829 ! Semispinalis cervicis
xref: MA:0002373 ! semispinalis cervicis
xref: ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Cervicis ! Semispinalis Cervicis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/200px-Gray384.png
is_a: UBERON:0011017 {source="FMA"} ! semispinalis
synonym: "musculus semispinalis cervicis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_cervicis]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia", notes="cervical spinous processes from the axis to the fifth"} ! cervical vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ"} ! transverse process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gray384.png
xref: SCTID:244869009 ! Entire semispinalis cervicis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224317

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001409
name: semispinalis capitis
def: "The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis. It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebræ, and from the articular processes of the three cervical above this. The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone. The medial part, usually more or less distinct from the remainder of the muscle, is frequently termed the Spinalis capitis; it is also named the Biventer cervicis since it is traversed by an imperfect tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_capitis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22830 ! Semispinalis capitis
xref: MA:0002372 ! semispinalis capitis
xref: ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Capitis ! Semispinalis Capitis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/200px-Gray384.png
is_a: UBERON:0011017 {source="FMA"} ! semispinalis
synonym: "musculus semispinalis capitis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_capitis]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="Transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna"} ! transverse process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gray384.png
xref: SCTID:244870005 ! Entire semispinalis capitis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224318

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001411
name: basilic vein
def: "In human anatomy, the basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of manus and forearm. It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the manus, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Basilic_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "basilic vein of forearm" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22908 ! Basilic vein
xref: galen:BasilicVein
xref: MA:0002086 ! basilic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Basilic_Vein ! Basilic Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvwrxEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! basilic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray576.png/200px-Gray576.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0000985 {source="FMA/obol"} ! axillary vein
synonym: "vena basilica antebrachii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:22908]
xref: SCTID:181393008 ! Entire basilic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png
xref: UMLS:C0226801

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001413
name: brachial vein
def: "In human anatomy, the brachial veins are venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the arm proper. Because they are deep to muscle, they are considered deep veins. Their course is that of the brachial artery (in reverse): they begin where radial veins and ulnar veins join (corresponding to the bifurcation of the brachial artery). They end at the inferior border of the teres major muscle. At this point, the brachial veins join the basilic vein to form the axillary vein. The brachial veins also have small tributaries that drain the muscles of the upper arm, such as biceps brachii muscle and triceps brachii muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brachial_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22934 ! Brachial vein
xref: galen:BrachialVein
xref: MA:0002087 ! brachial vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Brachial_Vein ! Brachial Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwS3In5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! brachial vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray576.png/200px-Gray576.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0000985 {source="FMA/obol"} ! axillary vein
xref: AAO:0010512 ! brachial vein
xref: SCTID:181390006 ! Entire brachial vein
property_value: external_definition "Vein which collects blood from the forelimb and drains into the subclavian vein.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010512", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0226812

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001414
name: median cubital vein
def: "In human anatomy, the median cubital vein (or median basilic vein) a superficial vein of the upper limb. It connects the basilic and cephalic vein and is often used for venipuncture (taking blood). It lies in the cubital fossa superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis. There exists a fair amount of variation of the median cubital vein. More commonly the vein forms an H-pattern with the cephalic and basilic veins making up the sides. Other forms include an M-pattern, where the vein branches to the cephalic and basilic veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22963 ! Median cubital vein
xref: MA:0002176 ! median cubital vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzQSYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! median cubital vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray574.png/200px-Gray574.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0000985 {source="FMA/obol"} ! axillary vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001411 {source="FMA/obol"} ! basilic vein
xref: SCTID:181392003 ! Entire median cubital vein
synonym: "vena mediana cubiti" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray574.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001415
name: skin of pelvis
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "pelvic skin" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvis skin" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvis zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:22984 ! Skin of pelvis
xref: MA:0000546 ! pelvis skin
is_a: UBERON:0001085 ! skin of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001085 ! skin of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
xref: SCTID:181517009 ! Entire skin of pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003836
name: abdominal segment skin
def: "A skin of body that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000530
is_a: UBERON:0001085 {source="MA"} ! skin of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002417 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001416
name: skin of abdomen
def: "A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "abdomen skin" EXACT []
synonym: "abdominal skin" EXACT []
synonym: "abdomen zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of abdomen proper" EXACT [FMA:22988]
xref: EFO:0000214 ! abdominal skin
xref: FMA:22988 ! Skin of abdomen
xref: MA:0000523 ! abdomen skin
xref: FMA:23000 ! Zone of skin of abdomen
xref: ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Skin ! Abdominal Skin
is_a: UBERON:0003836 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 {source="MA"} ! abdomen
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: SCTID:361707007 ! Entire skin of abdomen
xref: UMLS:C0222166

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001417
name: skin of neck
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "neck skin" EXACT []
synonym: "neck (volume) zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23021 ! Skin of neck
xref: MA:0000590 ! neck skin
xref: FMA:23022 ! Zone of skin of neck
xref: ncithesaurus:Neck_Skin ! Neck Skin
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: SCTID:361705004 ! Entire skin of neck
xref: UMLS:C0205030

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001418
name: skin of thorax
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "thoracic skin" EXACT []
synonym: "thorax skin" EXACT []
synonym: "upper body skin" RELATED []
synonym: "thorax zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23028 ! Skin of thorax
xref: MA:0000564 ! thorax skin
xref: FMA:23029 ! Zone of skin of thorax
is_a: UBERON:0001085 ! skin of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
xref: SCTID:281723000 ! Skin of part of thorax

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001419
name: skin of limb
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "limb skin" EXACT []
synonym: "limb zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23100 ! Skin of limb
xref: MA:0000694 ! limb skin
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
xref: SCTID:314403009 ! Skin of part of limb
xref: ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Extremity ! skin of the extremity
xref: UMLS:C1282135

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001420
name: subscapular vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:23113 ! Subscapular vein
xref: MA:0002224 ! subscapular vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0000985 {source="FMA/obol"} ! axillary vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001422
name: facial lymphatic vessel
def: "A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "buccal lymphatic vessel" EXACT []
synonym: "FL" RELATED []
synonym: "face lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "face lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:233946 ! Facial lymphatic vessel
xref: TAO:0005108 ! facial lymphatic vessel
xref: ZFA:0005108 ! facial lymphatic vessel
is_a: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001425
name: pectoral lymphatic vessel
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "PL" RELATED []
xref: FMA:234865 ! Pectoral lymphatic vessel
xref: TAO:0005107 ! pectoral lymphatic vessel
xref: ZFA:0005107 ! pectoral lymphatic vessel
is_a: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001426
name: jugular lymphatic vessel
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "JL" RELATED []
xref: FMA:234908 ! Jugular lymphatic vessel
xref: TAO:0005109 ! jugular lymphatic vessel
xref: ZFA:0005109 ! jugular lymphatic vessel
is_a: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011765 ! jugular lymph sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011765 ! jugular lymph sac
name: jugular lymph sac
def: "Lymphatic vessels develop from lymph sacs that arise from developing veins, which are derived from mesoderm. The first lymph sacs to appear are the paired jugular lymph sacs at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins." [VHOG:0001000]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006558 {source="VHOG"} ! lymphatic part of lymphoid system
xref: VHOG:0001000 ! jugular lymph sac
xref: EMAPA:18249 ! jugular lymph sac
property_value: external_definition "Lymphatic vessels develop from lymph sacs that arise from developing veins, which are derived from mesoderm. The first lymph sacs to appear are the paired jugular lymph sacs at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001000", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Although they are absent in mammals, the initial veno-lymphatic plexus that forms during mammalian jugular lymph sac development has been described as the vestigial homologue of the nascent stage of ancestral anterior lymph hearts.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001000", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.01.002 Peyrot SM\, Martin BL\, Harland RM\, Lymph heart musculature is under distinct developmental control from lymphatic endothelium. Developmental Biology (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001480
name: proximal carpal bone
xref: FMA:33302 ! Proximal carpal bone
xref: MA:0002557 ! proximal carpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
intersection_of: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
xref: SCTID:306715004 ! Entire proximal carpal bone
def: "A carpal bone that proximally_connected_to a forelimb zeugopod skeleton." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001427
name: scaphoid
def: "The scaphoid Bone is situated at the radial (radius bone) side of the carpus, or laterally between the manus and the forearm in standard medical posture (thumbs pointing outwards). The scaphoid bone is the largest bone of the proximal row of wrist bones, its long axis being from above downward, lateralward, and forward. It is approximately the size and shape of a medium sized cashew. The bone takes a semi-similar form of a boat. In reptiles, birds, and amphibians, this bone is instead commonly referred to as the radiale, because of its articulation with the radius. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scaphoid]
comment: todo - check AAO placement; in rodents this is fused with the lunate to make the scapholunate
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "navicular bone of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "navicular of hand" RELATED []
synonym: "navicular bone of manus" EXACT []
synonym: "navicular of manus" RELATED []
synonym: "radial carpal bone" RELATED []
synonym: "scaphoid bone" EXACT []
synonym: "os carpi radiale" EXACT []
synonym: "radial carpal bone" RELATED []
synonym: "radiale" RELATED [AAO:0000790, Wikipedia:Scaphoid]
synonym: "os scaphoideum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone]
synonym: "scaphoideum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone]
synonym: "os naviculare manus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone]
xref: AAO:0000790 ! radiale
xref: FMA:23709 ! Scaphoid
xref: GAID:180 ! scaphoid bone
xref: MA:0002555 ! scaphoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Scaphoid_Bone ! Scaphoid Bone
xref: galen:Scaphoid ! scaphoid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAwWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! scaphoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.144.650 ! scaphoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0001480 ! proximal carpal bone
xref: SCTID:181958008 ! Entire scaphoid
property_value: external_definition "One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates proximally with the radius, mesially with the ulnare (or pars intermedia of the ulnare when the ulnare is fused to the intermedium) and distally with the centrale (also recognized by some authors as element Y). This element originates from one or two condensation centers. Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the ulnare, or other elements.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000790", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0223724

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012124
name: avian scapholunar bone
synonym: "scapholunar" RELATED []
synonym: "radiale" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001480 ! proximal carpal bone
comment: May correspond to radiale[Origin and evolution of birds, Feduccia]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001428
name: lunate
def: "The lunate bone (semilunar bone) is a carpal bone (wrist bone) in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. It is situated in the center of the proximal row of the carpus (wrist) region between the fore arm and hand (manus). In standard medical posture, the lunate carpal bone is situated between the lateral Scaphoid bone and medial Triquetral bone. The lunate carpal bone straddles distally the bordering ulna and radius bones and proximally to distal carpus (wrist) Trapezium bone and Trapezoid bone[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lunate_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: articulating with the ulnare and the radiale[VSAO}. human articulations: radius proximally capitate and hamate distally scaphoid laterally triangular medially  
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intermediate carpal bone" RELATED []
synonym: "lunate bone" EXACT []
synonym: "semilunar" RELATED []
synonym: "semilunate" RELATED []
synonym: "semilunar bone" EXACT []
synonym: "os carpi intermedium" EXACT []
synonym: "os lunatum" EXACT  [VSAO:0005040]
synonym: "lunar" EXACT [VSAO:0005040]
xref: FMA:23712 ! Lunate
xref: GAID:181 ! semilunar bone
xref: MA:0002556 ! lunate
xref: ncithesaurus:Lunate_Bone ! Lunate Bone
xref: galen:Lunate ! lunate
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.144.663 ! semilunar bone
is_a: UBERON:0001480 {source="FMA"} ! proximal carpal bone
xref: SCTID:181959000 ! Entire lunate bone
xref: VSAO:0005040 ! lunar
synonym: "os lunatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lunate_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Carpus.png
xref: UMLS:C0036624

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001429
name: pisiform
def: "A laterally positioned sesamoid bone found in close proximity with and occasionally fused to the ulnare." [Wikipedia:Pisiform_bone, PHENOSCAPE:ad]
comment: Check: accessory carpal
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "accessory carpal bone" RELATED  [MA:0001339]
synonym: "pisiform bone" EXACT  [FMA:23718]
xref: FMA:23718 ! Pisiform
xref: MA:0001339 ! pisiform
xref: ncithesaurus:Pisiform_Bone ! Pisiform Bone
xref: galen:Pisiform ! pisiform
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtByTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pisiform
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0001480 {source="FMA", source="MA"} ! proximal carpal bone
xref: SCTID:9181003 ! Accessory carpal bone
xref: SCTID:181966004 ! Entire pisiform bone of hand
synonym: "os pisiforme" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pisiform_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Carpus.png
xref: UMLS:C0223729

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007993
name: ulnar sesamoid bone
comment: Editor notes: compare with pisiform
synonym: "ulnar sesamoid" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001379 ! ulnar sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="MA"} ! sesamoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002386 {source="MA-inferred"} ! forelimb zeugopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone
name: accessory bone
def: "A bone which does not occur frequently in the body but is still present in a significantly large number of organisms" [Wikipedia:Accessory_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010723
name: vesalian bone
def: "an accessory bone located proximal to the base of the fifth metatarsal. Its prevalence has been reported to be from 0.1% to 1.0%. This bone is found within the peroneus brevis tendon and is considered to be asymptomatic in the majority of people" [PMID:16291851]
is_a: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone
is_a: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
synonym: "os vesalianum pedis" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:182149003 ! Entire vesalian bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010724
name: lateral tubercle of talus
def: "An accessory bone tubercle which if present lies posterior to the talus" [Wikipedia:Os_trigonum]
synonym: "os trigonum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "os trigonum of talus" EXACT  [FMA:33655]
synonym: "tuberculum laterale (talus)" EXACT  [FMA:33655]
synonym: "accessory talus" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Os_trigonum]
is_a: UBERON:0005813 {source="FMA"} ! tubercle
is_a: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: FMA:33655 ! lateral tubercle of talus
xref: SCTID:87573005 ! Os trigonum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010725
name: accessory navicular bone
def: "an accessory bone of the pes that occasionally develops abnormally in front of the ankle towards the inside of the pes. This bone may be present in approximately 2.5% of the general population and is usually asymptomatic" [Wikipedia:Accessory_navicular_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: SCTID:118496000 ! Accessory navicular bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010726
name: os vesalianum manus
is_a: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone
is_a: UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
xref: http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/SkeletalSystem/Images/94.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001481
name: distal carpal bone
comment: Taxon notes: Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal[WP]
synonym: "distal carpal" EXACT [AAO:0000847]
xref: FMA:33303 ! Distal carpal bone
xref: MA:0002558 ! distal carpal bone
xref: MA:0002558 ! distal carpal bone
xref: AAO:0000847 ! distal carpal
xref: SCTID:306716003 ! Entire distal carpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
property_value: external_definition "Series of elements that articulate with the metacarpals.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000847", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001430
name: distal carpal bone 1
def: "." [Wikipedia:Trapezium_(bone)]
comment: Taxon notes: located between radiale and first metacarpal[VSAO]. in humans - The capitate articulates with 1st metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezoid medially, 2nd metacarpal medially[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "greater multiangular" RELATED  [MA:0001340]
synonym: "hand distal carpal bone 1" RELATED  [MA:0001340]
synonym: "manus distal carpal bone 1" RELATED  []
synonym: "trapezial bone" EXACT  [FMA:23721]
synonym: "trapezium bone" EXACT  [FMA:23721]
synonym: "os trapezium" EXACT  [VSAO:0005043]
synonym: "trapezium" EXACT  [VSAO:0005043]
synonym: "greater multangular bone" EXACT []
synonym: "greater multangular" RELATED []
synonym: "distal carpal 1" EXACT [VSAO:0005043]
synonym: "carpal 1" RELATED [AAO:0010634]
xref: FMA:23721 ! Trapezium
xref: MA:0001340 ! trapezium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3CbrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Trapezial_Bone ! Trapezial Bone
xref: galen:Trapezium ! trapezium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3CbrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! trapezium
is_a: UBERON:0001481 {source="FMA"} ! distal carpal bone
xref: SCTID:361780007 ! Entire trapezial bone
xref: VSAO:0005043 ! distal carpal 1
xref: AAO:0010634 ! carpal 1
xref: UMLS:C0223736

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001431
name: distal carpal bone 2
def: "." [Wikipedia:Trapezoid_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: located in the distal part of the carpus and articulating with the second metacarpal, the distal carpals 1 and 2 and the radiale.[VSAO] in humans - The capitate articulates with 2nd metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezium medially, capitate medially[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2)[AAO]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hand distal carpal bone 2" RELATED  [MA:0001341]
synonym: "manus distal carpal bone 2" RELATED  []
synonym: "lesser multiangular" RELATED  [MA:0001341]
synonym: "lesser multangular bone" EXACT  [FMA:23724]
synonym: "lesser multangular" RELATED  []
synonym: "trapezoid bone" EXACT  [FMA:23724]
synonym: "os trapezoideum" EXACT  [VSAO:0005044]
synonym: "trapezoid" EXACT  [VSAO:0005044]
synonym: "distal carpal 2" EXACT [VSAO:0005044]
synonym: "carpal 2" RELATED [AAO:0000848]
xref: FMA:23724 ! Trapezoid
xref: MA:0001341 ! trapezoid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVvsjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Trapezoid_Bone ! Trapezoid Bone
xref: galen:Trapezoid ! trapezoid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVvsjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! trapezoid bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvxNWBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! trapezoid
is_a: UBERON:0001481 ! distal carpal bone
xref: SCTID:361781006 ! Entire trapezoid bone
xref: VSAO:0005044 ! distal carpal 2
xref: AAO:0000848 ! carpal 2
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000848", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The trapezoid bone (lesser multangular bone) is a carpal bone in tetrapods, including humans. It is the smallest bone in the distal row. It may be known by its wedge-shaped form, the broad end of the wedge constituting the dorsal, the narrow end the palmar surface; and by its having four articular facets touching each other, and separated by sharp edges. It is homologous with the \"second distal carpal\" of reptiles and amphibians. The etymology derives from the Greek trapezion which means \"irregular quadrilateral,\" from tra- \"four\" and peza \"foot\" or \"edge. \" Literally, \"a little table\" from trapeza meaning \"table\" and -oeides \"shaped.[Wikipedia:Trapezoid_bone]" xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Trapezoid_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C0223741

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001432
name: distal carpal bone 3
def: "." [Wikipedia:Capitate_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: medially located and articulates with metacarpals 2-4, distal carpal 5 and the intermedium[VSAO] In the human hand, the capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist - The capitate articulates with seven bones: the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the second metacarpal, third metacarpal, and fourth metacarpal distally, the lesser multangular on the radial side, and the hamate on the ulnar side[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os capitatum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Capitate_bone]
synonym: "hand distal carpal bone 3" RELATED  [MA:0001342]
synonym: "capitate bone" EXACT  [FMA:23727]
synonym: "capitate" EXACT [MA:0001342]
synonym: "os magnum (carpus)" EXACT  [FMA:23727]
synonym: "os magnum" RELATED  []
synonym: "magnum" RELATED  [VSAO:0005045]
synonym: "distal carpal 3" EXACT [VSAO:0005045]
synonym: "carpal 3" RELATED [AAO:0000849]
xref: FMA:23727 ! Capitate
xref: galen:Capitate
xref: MA:0001342 ! capitate
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZFPrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Capitate_Bone ! Capitate Bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
is_a: UBERON:0001481 {source="FMA", source="palaeos"} ! distal carpal bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001427 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="proximally", source="Wikipedia"} ! scaphoid
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001428 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="proximally", source="Wikipedia"} ! lunate
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001431 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="radially", source="Wikipedia"} ! distal carpal bone 2
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001433 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="ulnar side", source="Wikipedia"} ! distal carpal bone 4
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003646 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="distally", source="Wikipedia"} ! metacarpal bone of digit 2
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003647 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="distally", source="Wikipedia"} ! metacarpal bone of digit 3
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003648 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="distally", source="Wikipedia"} ! metacarpal bone of digit 4
xref: SCTID:181964001 ! Entire capitate bone
xref: VSAO:0005045 ! distal carpal 3
xref: AAO:0000849 ! carpal 3
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Carpus.png
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to carpals 2(1), 4(3), 5(4), or other elements.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000849", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0223733

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001433
name: distal carpal bone 4
def: "." [Wikipedia:Hamate_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: articulates with the lunar, distal carpal 3, the ulnare as well as metacarpals 4 and 5.[VSAO]. In the human hand the lunate proximally the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally the triangular medially the capitate laterally[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements[AAO]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hamate bone" EXACT  [FMA:23730]
synonym: "unciform bone" EXACT  [FMA:23730]
synonym: "hand distal carpal bone 4" RELATED  [MA:0001343]
synonym: "unciform" RELATED  [MA:0001343]
synonym: "uncinate" RELATED  [MA:0001343]
synonym: "os hamatum" RELATED  [VSAO:0005046]
synonym: "distal carpal 4" EXACT [VSAO:0005046]
synonym: "hamate" EXACT [MA:0001343]
synonym: "carpal 4" RELATED [AAO:0000850]
xref: FMA:23730 ! Hamate
xref: galen:Hamate
xref: MA:0001343 ! hamate
xref: ncithesaurus:Hamate_Bone ! Hamate Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwFTmuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hamate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
is_a: UBERON:0001481 {source="FMA"} ! distal carpal bone
xref: SCTID:181967008 ! Entire hamate
xref: VSAO:0005046 ! distal carpal 4
xref: AAO:0000850 ! carpal 4
synonym: "os hamatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hamate_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Carpus.png
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000850", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0560737

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010739
name: distal carpal bone 5
def: "endochondral carpal bone similar to distal carpal 4, but lost in most reptiles and mammals." [VSAO:0005047]
comment: Taxon notes: lost in most reptiles and mammals[VSAO]. Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(V). It may be fused to carpal 4(3), 5(4), the ulnare, radiale, or other elements[AAO]
synonym: "hamate" RELATED  [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "os hamatum" RELATED  [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "unciform" RELATED  [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "uncinate" RELATED  [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "distal carpal 5" EXACT [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "carpal 5" RELATED [AAO:0000851]
is_a: UBERON:0001481 ! distal carpal bone
xref: VSAO:0005047 ! distal carpal 5
xref: AAO:0000851 ! carpal 5
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(V). It may be fused to carpal 4(3), 5(4), the ulnare, radiale, or other elements.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000851", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004770
name: articular system
def: "Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body." [VSAO:0000181]
synonym: "set of all joints" RELATED []
synonym: "set of all joints of body" EXACT [FMA:23878]
synonym: "joint system" EXACT [FMA:23878]
xref: FMA:23878 ! articular system
xref: MA:0003007 ! articular system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 {source="VSAO"} ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal system
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
xref: SCTID:361827000 ! Entire articular system
xref: VSAO:0000181 ! articular system
synonym: "set of joints of body" RELATED [FMA:23878]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004288 ! skeleton
name: skeleton
def: "all the bones and/or cartilage elements in the body. Together with the articular system, this comprises the skeletal system." [Wikipedia:Skeleton, UBERON:cjm, FMA:23875]
comment: Note that the source FMA definition has been modified here to include cartilage skeletons. We may wish to introduce subclasses for bony/cartilage skeletons.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "set of all bones" EXACT []
synonym: "set of bones of body" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000806 ! skeleton (also: UBERON:0001434 'skeletal system')
xref: EHDAA:5047 ! skeleton (also: UBERON:0003276 'skeleton of embryo')
xref: FMA:23875 ! Skeleton
xref: MA:0003006 ! skeleton
xref: GAID:177 ! skeleton
xref: MAT:0000032 ! skeleton
xref: MIAA:0000032 ! skeleton
xref: galen:Skeleton ! skeleton
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0001843 ! skeleton
xref: AEO:0000168 ! skeleton
xref: MESH:A02.835 ! skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000026 ! skeleton
is_a: UBERON:0000480 ! anatomical group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004770 ! articular system
xref: SCTID:361378004 ! Entire skeleton
xref: XAO:0004053 ! skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000026", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "skeletal" xsd:string
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000025" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001434
name: skeletal system
def: "Organ system subdivision which consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[FMA]" [AAO:0000566, FMA:FMA]
comment: Note that GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "skeleton system" EXACT []
synonym: "set of all bones and joints" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "Skelettsystem" RELATED [BTO:0001486]
xref: AAO:0000566 ! skeletal_system
xref: FMA:23881 ! Skeletal system
xref: VHOG:0001254 ! skeletal system
xref: MA:0000018 ! skeletal system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000434 ! skeletal system
xref: XAO:0003060 ! skeletal system
xref: ZFA:0000434 ! skeletal system
xref: ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System ! Skeletal System
xref: BTO:0001486 ! skeletal system
xref: EHDAA2:0003168 ! skeletal system
xref: EFO:0000806 ! skeletal system (also: UBERON:0004288 'skeleton')
xref: VSAO:0000027 ! skeletal system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
property_value: external_definition "System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000566", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000434", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000027", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: homology_notes "By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001254", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1159/000324245 Donoghue PCJ\, Sansom IJ\, Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization. Microscopy research and technique (2002)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000025" xsd:anyURI
property_value: has_relational_adjective "skeletal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0037253

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002470
name: autopod region
def: "Terminal segment of free upper limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group; note that this refers to the limb segment, not just the skeleton.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "distal free limb segment" EXACT [FMA:83015]
synonym: "autopodial limb segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "autopodial segment" EXACT []
synonym: "autopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "autopodium region" EXACT []
synonym: "paw" RELATED []
synonym: "pod" RELATED []
synonym: "distal segment of free limb" EXACT  [FMA:83015]
synonym: "autopod" BROAD [MA:0002714]
xref: EFO:0000877 ! autopod
xref: MA:0002714 ! autopod
xref: MAT:0000091 ! autopod
xref: MIAA:0000091 ! autopod
xref: FMA:83015 ! Distal free limb segment
xref: BTO:0004359 ! paw
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0002471 ! zeugopod
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010130 {evidence="definitional"} ! autopod plate
xref: ncithesaurus:Paw ! Paw
xref: SCTID:95936004 ! Paw
xref: UMLS:C0687080

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006717 ! autopodial skeleton
name: autopodial skeleton
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "autopodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005019]
synonym: "autopod skeleton" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeleton of autopod" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeletal parts of autopod" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "autopodial skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:0005019]
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004381 ! skeleton of limb
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0011584 ! zeugopodial skeleton
xref: VSAO:0005019 ! autopodial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0005019", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:NI"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of manus
name: skeleton of manus
def: "Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a manus, which is the distal section of the anterior forelimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the wrist, palm, and fingers)[Phenoscape]." [UBERON:cjm, PHENOSCAPE:MAH]
comment: here 'manus' includes both the wrist region and hand proper
synonym: "anterior autopodium" RELATED  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005020]
synonym: "manus" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005020]
synonym: "manus skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "manual skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "bones of hand" EXACT  [FMA:24159]
synonym: "hand skeleton" EXACT  [FMA:24159]
synonym: "set of bones of hand" EXACT  [FMA:24159]
synonym: "anterior autopodium skeleton" EXACT  []
synonym: "forelimb autopod skeleton" EXACT  []
synonym: "fore autopod skeleton" EXACT  []
synonym: "hand region skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002227]
synonym: "ossa manus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24159]
synonym: "skeleton of hand" EXACT [FMA:24159]
xref: FMA:24159 ! Skeleton of hand
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdHPJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdHPJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hand bone
xref: EHDAA2:0002227 ! hand region skeleton
xref: VSAO:0005020 ! manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="EHDAA2"} ! forelimb skeleton
property_value: implements_design_pattern "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000015" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011250
name: autopod bone
def: "A bone that is part of a autopod region. Note that this incudes the carpal and tarsal bones." [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! autopodial skeleton
property_value: implements_design_pattern "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000015" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012357 ! digitopodium bone
name: digitopodium bone
def: "A bone that is part of a the digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the acropodial skeleton or the metapodial skeleton." [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0012140 ! digitopodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012150 ! skeleton of digitopodium
property_value: implements_design_pattern http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000015

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005897
name: manus bone
def: "A bone that is part of the manus skeleton. Note that this includes the carpal bones." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "bone of hand proper or wrist" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of pectoral limb autopod" EXACT []
synonym: "forelimb autopod bone" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of pectoral limb autopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "forelimb autopodium bone" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of manus" EXACT []
synonym: "hand bone" EXACT [MA:0000619]
synonym: "bone of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of hand skeleton" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000619 ! hand bone
xref: SCTID:426741001 ! Entire bone organ of wrist and/or hand
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of manus
property_value: implements_design_pattern "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000015" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012358
name: manual digitopodium bone
def: "A bone that is part of a the manual digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the fingers or the metacarpal skeleton." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "bone of hand proper" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of forelimb digitopodium" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012357 ! digitopodium bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012151 ! skeleton of manual digitopodium
property_value: implements_design_pattern http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000015
xref: SCTID:265809008 ! Entire bone of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of pes
name: skeleton of pes
def: "Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a pes, which is the distal section of the posterior hindlimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the ankle, sole, and toes)[Phenoscape]." [UBERON:cjm, PHENOSCAPE:MAH]
comment: here 'pes' includes both the ankle region and foot proper
synonym: "foot region skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002228]
synonym: "foot skeleton" EXACT  [FMA:24222]
synonym: "set of bones of foot" EXACT  [FMA:24222]
synonym: "posterior autopodium" RELATED  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005021]
synonym: "posterior autopodium skeleton" EXACT  []
synonym: "pes" RELATED INCONSISTENT [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005021]
synonym: "pes skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "pedal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of foot" EXACT [FMA:24222]
xref: FMA:24222 ! Skeleton of foot
xref: EHDAA2:0002228 ! foot region skeleton
xref: VSAO:0005021 ! pes
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hindlimb skeleton
property_value: implements_design_pattern "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000015" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005899
name: pes bone
def: "A bone that is part of the pes skeleton" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "bone of pedal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of foor proper or tarsal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "foot bone" EXACT [MA:0000643]
xref: MA:0000643 ! foot bone
xref: GAID:192 ! foot bone
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.300 ! foot bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Bone ! Foot Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5ridZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! foot bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of pes
xref: SCTID:361371005 ! Entire bone of foot
property_value: implements_design_pattern "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000015" xsd:anyURI
xref: UMLS:C0016505

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012359
name: pedal digitopodium bone
def: "A bone that is part of a the pedal digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the toes or the metatarsal skeleton." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "bone of foot proper" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of hindlimb digitopodium" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012357 ! digitopodium bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012152 ! skeleton of pedal digitopodium
property_value: implements_design_pattern http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000015

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012354 ! acropodium region
name: acropodium region
def: "The segment of the autopod that consists of the digits." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note this class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones
synonym: "set of digits" EXACT  []
synonym: "acropodial segment of autopod" EXACT  []
synonym: "acropodial region" EXACT  []
synonym: "acropodial limb segment" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0012139 ! segment of autopod
relationship: distal_to UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012140 ! digitopodium region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012355
name: manual acropodium region
def: "The segment of the manus that consists of the manual digits." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note this class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones
synonym: "anterior acropodium region" EXACT  []
synonym: "manual acropodium region" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior acropodium segment of limb" EXACT  []
synonym: "manual acropodium segment of limb" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior acropodium" RELATED  []
synonym: "manual acropodium" RELATED  []
synonym: "acropodial segment of manus" EXACT  []
synonym: "acropodial region of manus" EXACT  []
synonym: "digiti manus" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "digits of hand" EXACT  [FMA:75592]
synonym: "fingers including thumb" EXACT  [FMA:75592]
synonym: "all fingers" EXACT  []
synonym: "fingers set" EXACT  [FMA:75592]
synonym: "set of digits of hand" EXACT  [FMA:75592]
synonym: "set of fingers" EXACT [FMA:75592]
synonym: "acropodial hindlimb segment" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012354 ! acropodium region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 ! manual digitopodium region
xref: FMA:75592 ! set of fingers

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012356
name: pedal acropodium region
def: "The segment of the pes that consists of the pedal digits." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note this class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones
synonym: "pedal acropodium region" EXACT  []
synonym: "pedal acropodium region" EXACT  []
synonym: "acropodial segment of pes" EXACT  []
synonym: "acropodial region of pes" EXACT  []
synonym: "digits of foot" EXACT  [FMA:70664]
synonym: "all toes" EXACT  []
synonym: "toes set" EXACT  [FMA:70664]
synonym: "set of toes" EXACT [FMA:70664]
synonym: "acropodial forelimb segment" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012354 ! acropodium region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012142 ! pedal digitopodium region
xref: FMA:70664 ! set of toes
xref: SCTID:362835004 ! All toes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010543
name: acropodial skeleton
def: "The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the autopodium - i.e. the bones of the digits or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]." [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005028, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "acropodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005028]
synonym: "set of phalanges" EXACT [FMA:231315]
synonym: "skeletal parts of acropodial region" EXACT []
synonym: "skeletal parts of acropodium" RELATED []
synonym: "acropodial skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "acropodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "digit skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "digital skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of digits" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0012354 ! acropodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012354 ! acropodium region
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010546 ! metapodial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012150 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! skeleton of digitopodium
xref: VSAO:0005028 ! acropodium
xref: FMA:231315 ! set of phalanges

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010688
name: skeleton of manual acropodium
def: "The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the manual autopodium - i.e. the bones of the hands or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]." [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005029, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "set of manual phalanges" EXACT  []
synonym: "set of phalanges of manus" EXACT  []
synonym: "phalanges of manus" EXACT  []
synonym: "phalanges of hand" EXACT  [FMA:71337]
synonym: "set of phalanges of hand" EXACT [FMA:71337]
synonym: "anterior acropodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior acropodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005029]
synonym: "manual phalanges" EXACT PLURAL  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005029]
synonym: "hand digit skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "manual digit skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "fore acropodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "all phalanges in forelimb autopod" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010543 ! acropodial skeleton
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010544 ! metacarpal skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012151 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! skeleton of manual digitopodium
xref: FMA:71337 ! set of phalanges of hand
xref: VSAO:0005029 ! anterior acropodium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010696
name: skeleton of pedal acropodium
def: "The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the pedal autopodium - i.e. the bones of the foot or their cartilaginous precursors[cjm]." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "set of pedal phalanges" EXACT  []
synonym: "set of phalanges of pes" EXACT  []
synonym: "phalanges of pes" EXACT  []
synonym: "phalanges of foot" EXACT  [FMA:78512]
synonym: "pedal phalanges" EXACT  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005030]
synonym: "set of phalanges of foot" EXACT [FMA:78512]
synonym: "posterior acropodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005030]
synonym: "posterior acropodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "hind acropodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "all phalanges in hindlimb autopod" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010543 ! acropodial skeleton
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012152 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! skeleton of pedal digitopodium
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010545 ! metatarsus skeleton
xref: FMA:78512 ! set of phalanges of foot
xref: VSAO:0005030 ! posterior acropodium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006716 ! mesopodium region
name: mesopodium region
def: "The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus)" [UBERON:cjm, MA:th, Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates]
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group
synonym: "carpus/tarsus" EXACT []
synonym: "mesopodial limb segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "mesopodial segment" EXACT []
synonym: "mesopod" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
intersection_of: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002471 ! zeugopod
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 {source="MA:th"} ! autopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
name: tarsal region
alt_id: UBERON:0002388
def: "mesopodial segment of the pes, including the tarsal skeleton and associated tissues." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Ankle]
comment: note that this term refers to the limb segment. See also: tarsal bones and tarsal skeleton. AO notes: MA has both tarsus (part of foot, has tarsal bone) and ankle (part of hindlimb, has joint, nerve, skin). 
synonym: "tarsal limb segment" EXACT []
synonym: "hind mesopodium" RELATED [MA:th]
synonym: "hind basipodium" RELATED [MA:th]
synonym: "hock" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy)]
synonym: "ankle" EXACT [MA:0000043]
synonym: "ankle region" EXACT []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:9665 ! Ankle
xref: GAID:41 ! ankle
xref: galen:Ankle
xref: MA:0000043 ! ankle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi-R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0001409 ! ankle (also: UBERON:0001488 'ankle joint')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi-R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ankle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/200px-Ankle_en.svg.png
xref: MESH:A01.378.610.250.149 ! ankle
xref: MESH:A13.473.821 ! animal tarsus
xref: SCTID:361292008 ! Entire ankle region
xref: EMAPA:19133 ! tarsus of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006716 ! mesopodium region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0000983 ! metatarsus region
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
synonym: "articulatio talocruralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ankle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg
xref: CALOHA:TS-2219 ! Ankle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009878 ! mesopodial skeleton
name: mesopodial skeleton
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "carpal/tarsal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "basipodium" RELATED  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005022]
synonym: "basipodium skeleton" EXACT  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005022]
synonym: "mesopodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005022]
synonym: "mesopodium skeleton" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeletal parts of mesopodium" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "mesopodial skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:0005022]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0006716 ! mesopodium region
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0011584 ! zeugopodial skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010546 ! metapodial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006716 ! mesopodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! autopodial skeleton
xref: VSAO:0005022 ! mesopodial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0005022", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:NI"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: transitively_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0005022", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: transitively_distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0005022", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003656 ! mesopodium bone
name: mesopodium bone
def: "A bone that is part of a mesopodial skeleton[cjm]. The carpus (wrist) and tarsus (ankle) of land vertebrates primitively had three rows of carpal or tarsal bones. Often some of these have become lost or fused in evolution. Three proximals. In the hand humans has all three. In the foot the middle proximal appears in 5-15% of people as an os trigonum. Centrale or os centrale, on the medial side. In humans and our closest relatives the African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) it fuses to the scaphoid where it forms the articulation with the trapezoid bone; occasionally it stays separate. In Man's foot it is the navicular. Some early land vertebrates had more than one (up to three) os centrale per hand or foot. Distals, one per finger / toe at the base of each metacarpal or metatarsal. In mammals the 4th and 5th fuse. In the horse the 1st is lost[WP]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates]
synonym: "carpal/tarsal bone" EXACT [MA:0000295]
synonym: "basipodium bone" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "mesopodial bone" EXACT []
synonym: "mesopod bone" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000295 ! carpal/tarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006716 ! mesopodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009878 {notes="intentional hidden GCI"} ! mesopodial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001435
name: carpal bone
def: "A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm]. In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist. [WP,unvetted]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Carpus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "carpal" EXACT [PHENOSCAPE:ad]
synonym: "bone of carpus" EXACT []
synonym: "carpal skeleton bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23889 ! Carpal bone
xref: GAID:179 ! carpal bone
xref: galen:CarpalBone
xref: MA:0000296 ! carpal bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Carpal_Bone ! Carpal Bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Carpus.svg/200px-Carpus.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:25056 ! carpal bones (also: UBERON:0009880 'carpal skeleton')
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.144 ! carpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0003656 ! mesopodium bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006213 ! carpus cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:83936004 ! Bone structure of carpus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Carpus.svg
xref: UMLS:C0007285

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001447
name: tarsal bone
def: "A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment[Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton)]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ankle bone" EXACT [FMA:24491]
synonym: "bone of ankle" EXACT [FMA:24491]
synonym: "bone of tarsus" EXACT [FMA:24491]
synonym: "hind mesopodium" RELATED [AAO:0000220]
synonym: "bony tarsus" RELATED [BTO:0002343]
synonym: "ossa tarsalia" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:71339]
synonym: "ossa tarsi" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:71339]
synonym: "tarsal" RELATED [BTO:0002343]
synonym: "tarsus osseus" RELATED [BTO:0002343]
xref: FMA:24491 ! Tarsal bone
xref: GAID:194 ! tarsal bone
xref: MA:0000297 ! tarsal bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Tarsal_Bone ! Tarsal Bone
xref: BTO:0002343 ! tarsal bone
xref: galen:TarsalBone ! tarsal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/200px-Ankle_en.svg.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.300.710 ! tarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0003656 ! mesopodium bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010541 ! tarsus cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:108372004 ! Entire tarsal bone
xref: UMLS:C0039316

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
name: tarsal skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skeleton that consists of endochondral elements distal to the zeugopodial skeletal elements which constitute the proximal region of the posterior autopod skeleton[PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [PHENOSCAPE:ad, VSAO:0005024, Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton)]
comment: Taxon notes: Not always associated with digits, in sarcopterygians the ulnare is present without true digits being formed, though their homologous radial elements are present[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AO notes: we assume MA:tarsus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:ankle, with the tarsal bone being part of the former. XAO:tarsus is part of the hindlimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent. 
synonym: "basipodium" RELATED  [VSAO:0005024]
synonym: "mesopodium" RELATED  [VSAO:0005024]
synonym: "tarsus" RELATED [XAO:0003211]
synonym: "hind mesopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "hind mesopodial skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "hind mesopodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "skeletal parts of hind mesopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "set of tarsal bones" EXACT [FMA:71339]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of pes
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010545 ! metatarsus skeleton
xref: SCTID:264228001 ! Entire tarsus
xref: SCTID:361796005 ! Entire bones of ankle
xref: XAO:0003211 ! tarsus
xref: AAO:0000220 ! hind mesopodium
xref: MA:0000050 ! tarsus
xref: FMA:71339 ! set of tarsal bones
xref: GAID:1223 ! animal tarsus
xref: VHOG:0001160 ! tarsus
xref: EMAPA:25072 ! tarsal bones
xref: VSAO:0005024 ! tarsus
property_value: external_definition "Segment of the leg corresponding to the tarsus. It consists of several elements that articulate with the tibia and fibula at one end and the metatarsals at the other end.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000220", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
synonym: "set of tarsal bones" EXACT []
synonym: "tarsal bones set" EXACT [FMA:71339]
synonym: "tarsal bones" RELATED []
property_value: homology_notes "The three main outgroup taxa of tetrapods, panderichthyids, osteolepiforms, and rhizodontids, have endoskeletal elements corresponding to the stylo- and zeugopodial elements in a tetrapod limb. In addition, there are elements that share the position and possibly the developmental derivation of the ulnare and the intermedium. From these observations, most authors have concluded that the stylo- and zeugopodial elements as well as the proximal mesopodial elements have counterparts in the fins of tetrapod ancestors, but there are no indications of wrist or ankle joints.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001160", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/jez.1100 Wagner GP\, Chiu C\, The tetrapod limb: A hypothesis on its origin. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
alt_id: UBERON:0001462
name: carpal region
subset: uberon_slim
def: "A mesopodium that is part of a manus. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also include the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted]" [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Wrist]
synonym: "carpus" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "carpal segment" EXACT []
synonym: "carpal limb segment" EXACT []
synonym: "hand mesopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "manus mesopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "fore mesopodium" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "fore basipodium" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "wrist" EXACT [MA:0000039]
synonym: "wrist region" EXACT []
synonym: "regio carpalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24922]
is_a: UBERON:0008785 {source="FMA"} ! upper limb segment
intersection_of: UBERON:0006716 ! mesopodium region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004453 ! metacarpus region
xref: EHDAA:5196 ! carpal region
xref: FMA:24922 ! Wrist
xref: GAID:59 ! wrist
xref: MA:0000039 ! wrist
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjncpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: galen:Wrist ! wrist
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjncpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! wrist
xref: EHDAA2:0000218 ! carpal region
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Human_wrist.png/200px-Human_wrist.png
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.667.715 ! wrist
xref: SCTID:361289009 ! Entire wrist region
xref: EMAPA:19122 ! carpus of fore-paw
synonym: "articulatio radiocarpea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Wrist]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Hand_parts.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009880
name: carpal skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skeleton that consists of the endochondral elements distal to the anterior limb/fin zeugopodial skeletal elements which constitute the proximal region of the anterior autopod skeleton[PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [PHENOSCAPE:ad, Wikipedia:Carpus]
comment: Taxon notes: Not always associated with digits, in sarcopterygians the ulnare is present without true digits being formed, though their homologous radial elements are present[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AO notes: we assume MA:carpus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:wrist, with the carpal bone being part of the former. XAO:carpus is part of the forelimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent. Taxon notes: The structure of the carpus varies widely between different groups of tetrapods, even among those that retain the full set of five digits. In primitive fossil amphibians, such as Eryops, the carpus consists of three rows of bones; a proximal row of three carpals, a second row of four bones, and a distal row of five bones. The proximal carpals are referred to as the radiale, intermediale, and ulnare, after their proximal articulations, and are homologous with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetal bones respectively. The remaining bones are simply numbered, as the first to fourth centralia (singular: centrale), and the first to fifth distal carpals. Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal. However, the vast majority of later vertebrates, including modern amphibians, have undergone varying degrees of loss and fusion of these primitive bones, resulting in a smaller number of carpals. Almost all mammals and reptiles, for example, have lost the fifth distal carpal, and have only a single centrale - and even this is missing in humans. The pisiform bone is somewhat unusual, in that it first appears in primitive reptiles, and is never found in amphibians. Because many tetrapods have less than five digits on the forelimb, even greater degrees of fusion are common, and a huge array of different possible combinations are found. The wing of a modern bird, for example, has only two remaining carpals; the radiale (the scaphoid of mammals) and a bone formed from the fusion of four of the distal carpals. In some macropods, the scaphoid and lunar bones are fused into the scaphollunar bone[14] [Wikipedia:Carpus#Evolutionary_variations]
synonym: "fore mesopodium" RELATED [AAO:0000201]
synonym: "fore mesopodial skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "fore mesopodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "skeletal parts of fore mesopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of carpus" EXACT []
synonym: "carpus" RELATED [MA:0000040, XAO:0003207]
synonym: "set of carpal bones" RELATED [FMA:71335]
synonym: "carpal bones" EXACT  [FMA:71335, EMAPA:25056]
synonym: "carpal bones set" EXACT  [FMA:71335]
synonym: "ossa carpi" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of manus
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010544 ! metacarpal skeleton
xref: XAO:0003207 ! carpus
xref: AAO:0000201 ! fore mesopodium
xref: MA:0000040 ! carpus
xref: VHOG:0001161 ! carpus
xref: EMAPA:25056 ! carpal bones (also: UBERON:0001435 'carpal bone')
xref: FMA:71335 ! set of carpal bones
xref: VSAO:0005023 ! carpus
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/images/382x366xUnciform1.jpg.pagespeed.ic.NirdxtwNVu.jpg
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Carpus.svg/200px-Carpus.svg.png
synonym: "ossa carpi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Carpus]
property_value: external_definition "Segment of the forearm corresponding to the carpus. It consists of several elements that articulate with the radius and ulna at one end and the metacarpals at the other end.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000201", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: homology_notes "The three main outgroup taxa of tetrapods, panderichthyids, osteolepiforms, and rhizodontids, have endoskeletal elements corresponding to the stylo- and zeugopodial elements in a tetrapod limb. In addition, there are elements that share the position and possibly the developmental derivation of the ulnare and the intermedium. From these observations, most authors have concluded that the stylo- and zeugopodial elements as well as the proximal mesopodial elements have counterparts in the fins of tetrapod ancestors, but there are no indications of wrist or ankle joints.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001161", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/jez.1100 Wagner GP\, Chiu C\, The tetrapod limb: A hypothesis on its origin. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
name: metapodium region
def: "Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region" [UBERON:cjm, MA:th]
synonym: "metacarpus/metatarsus region" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpus/metatarsus" RELATED []
synonym: "metapodium" RELATED []
synonym: "metapodial segment" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal or metatarsal part of limb" EXACT []
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. Editors note: considering adding 'acropodial region'
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 {source="MA:th"} ! autopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012140 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! digitopodium region
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0006716 ! mesopodium region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010546
name: metapodial skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skeleton that corresponds to metapodium region, between acropodial skeleton and mesopdoial skeleton." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "metacarpal/metatarsal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005025]
synonym: "skeleton of metapodium" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodial skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:0005025]
synonym: "metapodium skeleton" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeletal parts of metapodium" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0009878 ! mesopodial skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010543 ! acropodial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012150 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! skeleton of digitopodium
xref: VSAO:0005025 ! metapodial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0005025", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:NI"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0005025", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: transitively_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0005025", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004453 ! metacarpus region
name: metacarpus region
comment: Editor notes: Note that along with FMA we treat this as a limb segment rather than a purely skeletal element. AO notes: Note that mammalian and non-mammalian AOs differ in whether they consider this a part of the skeleton
synonym: "distal segment of hand proper" EXACT  [FMA:24925]
synonym: "metacarpal region" EXACT  [FMA:24925]
synonym: "metacarpal part of hand" EXACT [FMA:24925]
synonym: "metacarpal part of manus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24925 ! metacarpal part of hand
xref: MA:0000042 ! metacarpus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg/200px-Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0005451 {source="FMA"} ! segment of manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! manual digitopodium region
synonym: "metacarpus" EXACT [MA:0000042]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "metacarpal" xsd:string
def: "A metapodium region that is part of a manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010544 ! metacarpus skeleton
name: metacarpus skeleton
def: "The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the manus skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Metacarpus]
synonym: "fore metapodium" RELATED [AAO:0000946, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial, MA:th]
synonym: "fore metapodial skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "anterior metapodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005026]
synonym: "metacarpal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior metapodial skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal bones" EXACT  [FMA:71336]
synonym: "metacarpals [I-V]" EXACT  [FMA:71336]
synonym: "metacarpals set" EXACT  [FMA:71336]
synonym: "set of metacarpals" EXACT  [FMA:71336]
synonym: "set of metacarpals [I-V]" EXACT  [FMA:71336]
synonym: "set of metacarpal bones" EXACT [FMA:71336]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0004453 ! metacarpus region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004453 ! metacarpus region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012151 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! skeleton of manual digitopodium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010699 {notes="many to one"} ! manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
xref: XAO:0003208 ! metacarpus
xref: AAO:0000946 ! fore metapodium
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.535 ! metacarpus
xref: FMA:71336 ! set of metacarpal bones
xref: VSAO:0005026 ! anterior metapodium
synonym: "metacarpalia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Metacarpus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Segment of the forearm corresponding to the metacarpus, which articulates with the carpals at one end and with the phalanges at the other end.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000946", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000983 ! metatarsus region
name: metatarsus region
comment: Note that mammalian and non-mammalian AOs differ in whether they consider this a part of the skeleton
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "metatarsal part of foot" EXACT  [FMA:24997]
synonym: "metatarsal region" EXACT  [FMA:24997]
synonym: "hind metapodium" EXACT [AAO:0000221, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial, MA:th]
synonym: "regio metatarsalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24997]
synonym: "metatarsus" RELATED [MA:0000049]
xref: FMA:24997 ! Metatarsus
xref: MA:0000049 ! metatarsus
intersection_of: UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012142 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! pedal digitopodium region
xref: SCTID:280711000 ! Region of metatarsal
def: "A metapodium region that is part of a pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010545 ! metatarsus skeleton
name: metatarsus skeleton
def: "Limb segment that consists of the long bones of the pes. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the manus." [Wikipedia:Metatarsus]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0000983 ! metatarsus region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000983 ! metatarsus region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012152 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! skeleton of pedal digitopodium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010697 {notes="many to one"} ! pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
synonym: "posterior metapodium" RELATED [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005027]
synonym: "posterior metapodial skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of metatarsus" EXACT []
synonym: "set of metatarsal bones" EXACT [FMA:71340]
synonym: "metatarsal bones set" EXACT  [FMA:71340]
synonym: "metatarsals [I-V]" EXACT  [FMA:71340]
synonym: "set of metatarsals [I-V]" EXACT  [FMA:71340]
synonym: "ossa metatarsalia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Metatarsus]
synonym: "metatarsalia" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0003212 ! metatarsus
xref: VSAO:0005027 ! posterior metapodium
xref: MESH:A01.378.610.250.300.480 ! metatarsus
xref: XAO:0003212 ! metatarsus
xref: AAO:0000221 ! hind metapodium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rva_rBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rva_rBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! metatarsus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: FMA:71340 ! set of metatarsal bones
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray291.png
property_value: external_definition "Segment of the leg corresponding to the metatarsus, which articulates with the carpals at one end and with the phalanges at the other end.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000221", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002374
name: metacarpal bone
def: "A bone that is part of the metacarpal skeleton." [Wikipedia:Metacarpal_bone, UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "metacarpal" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9612 ! Metacarpal bone
xref: MA:0000302 ! metacarpal bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1Bk45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone ! Metacarpal Bone
xref: galen:Metacarpal ! metacarpal
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1Bk45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! metacarpal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg/200px-Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg.png
xref: EFO:0003886 ! metacarpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0003821 {is_inferred="true"} ! metapodium bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004453 ! metacarpus region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010544 ! metacarpal skeleton
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of manus
xref: SCTID:181977005 ! Entire metacarpal
xref: SCTID:425761003 ! Entire metacarpal of finger
xref: UMLS:C0025526

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001448
name: metatarsal bone
def: "The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the pes located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-pes and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (side of big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the manus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Metatarsal_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa metatarsalia" RELATED PLURAL [BTO:0002347]
synonym: "ossa metatarsi" RELATED [BTO:0002347]
xref: FMA:24492 ! Metatarsal bone
xref: GAID:193 ! metatarsal bone
xref: MA:0000303 ! metatarsal bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone ! Metatarsal Bone
xref: BTO:0002347 ! metatarsal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.300.492 ! metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0003821 {is_inferred="true"} ! metapodium bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000983 ! metatarsus region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010545 ! metatarsus skeleton
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of pes
xref: galen:Metatarsal
xref: SCTID:302532000 ! Entire metatarsal
xref: UMLS:C0025584

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
name: metapodium bone
def: "A bone of the metapodial skeleton" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "metacarpal/metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal/metatarsal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal or metatarsal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium bone" EXACT [UBERON:cjm, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial]
synonym: "metapodial bone" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "metapodi bone" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "metacarpal/metatarsal bone" EXACT [MA:0000301]
xref: MA:0000301 ! metacarpal/metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0002495 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010546 {notes="intentional hidden GCI"} ! metapodial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013581
name: metapodium bone 1
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
synonym: "metapodium 1" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium I" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013582
name: metapodium bone 2
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
synonym: "metapodium 2" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium II" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013583
name: metapodium bone 3
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
synonym: "metapodium 3" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium III" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013584
name: metapodium bone 4
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
synonym: "metapodium 4" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium IV" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013585
name: metapodium bone 5
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
synonym: "metapodium 5" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium V" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013586
name: fused metapodial bones 3 and 4
def: "An element formed from the fusion of metapodium 3 and metapodium 4 (i.e. either metatarsals 3 and 4 or metacarpals 3 and 4)." [http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-5321]
comment: This class can be used in annotation when it is unclear whether the element is a fusion of the metacarpal and metatarsal elements.
intersection_of: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0013583 ! metapodium bone 3
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0013584 ! metapodium bone 4
synonym: "fused metapodials 3/4" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodial 3+4" RELATED []
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:91561 ! Cetartiodactyla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013587
name: fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4
def: "An element formed from the fusion of metacarpal 3 and metacarpal 4." [http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-5321]
comment: In many artiodactyls, the 3rd & 4th metapodials are fused, creating a main metapodial.
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4
synonym: "fused metacarpal 3/4" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal 3+4" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013588
name: fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4
def: "An element formed from the fusion of metatarsal 3 and metatarsal 4." [http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-5321]
comment: In many artiodactyls, the 3rd & 4th metapodials are fused, creating a main metapodial.
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4
synonym: "fused metatarsal 3/4" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsal 3+4" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008194
name: tibiotarsus
def: "The tibiotarsus is the large bone between the femur and the tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is the fusion of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia. A similar structure also occurred in the Mesozoic Heterodontosauridae. These small ornithischian dinosaurs were unrelated to birds and the similarity of their pes bones is best explained by convergent evolution." [Wikipedia:Tibiotarsus]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8492 ! Archosauria
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010902 ! tibiotarsus cartilaginous condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010902
name: tibiotarsus cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0008194 ! tibiotarsus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010903 ! tibiotarsus pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a tibiotarsus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010903
name: tibiotarsus pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0008194 ! tibiotarsus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tibiotarsus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011205
name: carpometacarpus
def: "The carpometacarpus is the fusion of the carpal and metacarpal bone, essentially a single fused bone between the wrist and the knuckles. It is a smallish bone in most birds, generally flattened and with a large hole in the middle. In flightless birds, however, its shape may be slightly different, or it might be absent entirely." [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpus]
synonym: "carpometacarpus bone" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of manus
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8492 ! Archosauria

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008195
name: tarsometatarsus
def: "The tarsometatarsus is a bone that is found in the lower leg of certain tetrapods, namely birds. It is formed from the fusion of several bones found in other types of animals, and homologous to the mammalian tarsal (ankle) and metatarsal (pes) bones. Despite this, the tarsometatarsus of birds is often referred to as just the tarsus or metatarsus." [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsus]
comment: Taxon notes: found in birds[VSAO]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of pes
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8492 ! Archosauria
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010900 ! tarsometatarsus cartilaginous condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010900
name: tarsometatarsus cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0008195 ! tarsometatarsus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of pes
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010901 ! tarsometatarsus pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a tarsometatarsus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010901
name: tarsometatarsus pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0008195 ! tarsometatarsus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of pes
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tarsometatarsus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
name: zone of long bone
def: "An organ part that is part of a long bone [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "long bone zone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24008 ! Zone of long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006861
name: diaphysis proper
def: "Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between two metaphyses. Note that the diaphysis includes the metaphyses, but the diaphysis proper excludes these." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: The MA class is placed here because we assume it means diaphysis proper, because in MA epiphysis is not part of MA:0002803
synonym: "body proper of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32688]
synonym: "shaft proper of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32688]
synonym: "long bone diaphysis" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MA:0002803]
xref: FMA:32688 ! diaphysis proper
xref: MA:0002803 ! long bone diaphysis
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
name: diaphysis
def: "Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses, excluding the metaphyses[FMA,modified]." [FMA:24013, Wikipedia:Diaphysis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "shaft of long bone" EXACT []
synonym: "body of long bone" EXACT []
synonym: "long bone diaphysis" EXACT []
xref: GAID:189 ! diaphyse
xref: FMA:24013 ! diaphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_long_bone.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.169 ! diaphyse
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
xref: SCTID:361729006 ! Entire diaphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: diaphysis of humerus, diaphysis of femur[FMA]." xsd:string {source="FMA:24013"}
property_value: external_definition "The main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat)[WP][FMA:24013, Wikipedia:Diaphysis]." xsd:string {source="FMA:24013, Wikipedia:Diaphysis"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006862
name: diaphysis of femur
def: "A diaphysis that is part of a femur[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Body_of_femur]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray244.png
synonym: "body of femur" EXACT [FMA:32847]
synonym: "femoral diaphysis" EXACT [FMA:32847]
synonym: "shaft of femur" EXACT [FMA:32847]
synonym: "femoral shaft" EXACT []
xref: FMA:32847 ! diaphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
synonym: "corpus femoris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:32847]
xref: SCTID:182048009 ! Entire shaft of femur
property_value: external_definition "The body of the femur (or shaft), almost cylindrical in form, is a little broader above than in the center, broadest and somewhat flattened from before backward below. It is slightly arched, so as to be convex in front, and concave behind, where it is strengthened by a prominent longitudinal ridge, the linea aspera. It presents for examination three borders, separating three surfaces. Of the borders, one, the linea aspera, is posterior, one is medial, and the other, lateral[Wikipedia:Body_of_femur]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Body_of_femur"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013279
name: diaphysis of fibula
def: "A diaphysis that is part of a fibula[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Body_of_fibula]
synonym: "body of fibula" EXACT  [FMA:33738]
synonym: "corpus fibulae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "fibula diaphysis" EXACT  [FMA:33738]
synonym: "shaft of fibula" EXACT  [FMA:33738]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
xref: FMA:33738 ! diaphysis of fibula
xref: SCTID:302528006 ! Entire shaft of fibula
property_value: external_definition "The body of fibula presents four borders - the antero-lateral, the antero-medial, the postero-lateral, and the postero-medial; and four surfaces - anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral[Wikipedia:Body_of_fibula]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Body_of_fibula"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006865
name: metaphysis of femur
synonym: "femoral metaphysis" EXACT [FMA:32875]
xref: FMA:32875 ! metaphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
def: "A metaphysis that is part of a femur." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006862 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! diaphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006863
name: proximal metaphysis of femur
xref: FMA:32878 ! proximal metaphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004378 ! proximal metaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
def: "A proximal metaphysis that is part of a femur." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006862 {source="reference_0000032"} ! diaphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006864
name: distal metaphysis of femur
xref: FMA:32881 ! distal metaphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004377 ! distal metaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
def: "A distal metaphysis that is part of a femur." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006862 {source="reference_0000032"} ! diaphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001437
name: epiphysis
def: "Subdivision of long bone which forms its expanded proximal or distal articular end; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: proximal epiphysis of humerus, distal epiphysis of femur.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Epiphysis, FMA:FMA]
comment: see also: annular epiphysis
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "end of long bone" EXACT []
synonym: "long bone epiphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "epiphyses" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: AAO:0000742 ! epiphysis
xref: BTO:0000413
xref: MA:0001362 ! long bone epiphysis
xref: FMA:24012 ! Epiphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_long_bone.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.251 ! epiphyse
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Long_Bone_Epiphysis ! Long Bone Epiphysis
xref: SCTID:244701002 ! Entire epiphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Cartilaginous expansion at the distal end of an anterior rib or transverse process that serves for the attachment of muscles suspending the pectoral girdle to the vertebral column.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000742", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epiphyseal" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epiphysial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1708734

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006776
name: annular epiphysis
def: "secondary growth centers occurring as rings at the periphery of the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/epiphysis]
comment: note that here epiphysis means deriving from a separate ossification center
synonym: "anular epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:75792]
xref: FMA:75792 ! anular epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001438
name: metaphysis
def: "Subdivision of diaphysis which forms the proximal or distal end of diaphysis next to the epiphysis; together with diaphysis proper, it constitutes the diaphysis. Examples: proximal metaphysis of humerus, distal metaphysis of femur.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Metaphysis, FMA:FMA]
comment: adjacent to or containing epiphyseal plate? Note in FMA the metaphysis is part of the diaphysis, but not in MA. In the diagram in WP, it appears to be adjacent, not part_of.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "diaphyseal end of long bone" EXACT []
synonym: "long bone metaphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "metaphyses" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: FMA:24014 ! Metaphysis
xref: MA:0001363 ! long bone metaphysis
xref: ncithesaurus:Metaphysis ! Metaphysis
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0006861 ! diaphysis proper
xref: SCTID:304581004 ! Entire metaphysis
xref: UMLS:C0222671

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004377 ! distal metaphysis
name: distal metaphysis
synonym: "distal diaphyseal end of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32824]
xref: FMA:32824 ! Distal metaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: in_distal_side_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
def: "A metaphysis that is in_distal_side_of a diaphysis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004378 ! proximal metaphysis
name: proximal metaphysis
synonym: "proximal diaphyseal end of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32823]
xref: FMA:32823 ! Proximal metaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: in_proximal_side_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
def: "A metaphysis that is in_proximal_side_of a diaphysis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004379
name: distal epiphysis
synonym: "distal end of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32822]
xref: FMA:32822 ! Distal epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0004377 ! distal metaphysis
xref: SCTID:279999006 ! Entire distal epiphysis
def: "An epiphysis that adjacent_to a distal metaphysis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004380
name: proximal epiphysis
synonym: "proximal end of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32821]
xref: FMA:32821 ! Proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0004378 ! proximal metaphysis
xref: SCTID:279998003 ! Entire proximal epiphysis
def: "An epiphysis that adjacent_to a proximal metaphysis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001439
name: compact bone
def: "one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compact/Cortical bone facilitates bone's main functions: to support the body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium. As its name implies, cortical bone forms the cortex, or outer shell, of most bones. Again, as its name implies, compact bone is much denser than cancellous bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue. Furthermore, it is harder, stronger and stiffer than cancellous bone. Cortical bone contributes about 80% of the weight of a human skeleton. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cortical bone is the osteon.." [Wikipedia:Compact_bone]
comment: MP distinguishes compact/cortical bone. in other AOs they are syns
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "compact bone tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "cortical bone" EXACT []
synonym: "cortical region of bone" EXACT []
synonym: "cortical bone tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "bony cortex" EXACT [HP:0002753]
synonym: "substantia compacta (pars ossea)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24018 ! Compact bone
xref: galen:CorticalBone
xref: MA:0001461 ! compact bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Cortical_Bone ! Cortical Bone
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002482 ! lamellar bone
synonym: "substantia corticalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24018]
xref: SCTID:361728003 ! Entire compact bone
xref: UMLS:C0222661

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011582
name: limb/fin skeleton
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeleton of limb/fin" EXACT []
synonym: "skeletal parts of limb/fin" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003081 {source="ISBN:9780878932504"} ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: VSAO:0000301 ! limb/fin skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000301", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010712
name: limb skeleton subdivision
def: "Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton." [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005018]
comment: Editor notes - note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 {source="VSAO"} ! entire appendicular skeleton
xref: VSAO:0005018 ! limb skeleton subdivision

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004381
name: skeleton of limb
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note that EHDAA2 considers hip and shoulder joints part of limb skeleton. 
synonym: "limb skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002221]
synonym: "set of bones of limb" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0002221 ! limb skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
xref: VSAO:0000300 ! free limb skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000300", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034"}
synonym: "free limb skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:0000300]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011583
name: stylopodial skeleton
def: "Proximal element of a free limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively[VSAO, modified]." [VSAO:0005007]
synonym: "propodium" RELATED  [VSAO:0005007]
synonym: "stylopod" RELATED  [VSAO:0005007]
synonym: "stylopodium" RELATED  []
synonym: "stylopodium skeleton" EXACT  []
synonym: "propodial skeleton" RELATED  []
property_value: has_relational_adjective "stylopodial" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "propodial" xsd:string
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002472 ! stylopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002472 ! stylopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004381 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton of limb
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0011584 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523"} ! zeugopodial skeleton
xref: VSAO:0005007 ! stylopodial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0005007", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:NI"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011584
name: zeugopodial skeleton
def: "Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium." [VSAO:0005010]
synonym: "skeleton of zeugopod" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "zeugopod skeleton" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "epipodium" RELATED  [VSAO:0005010]
synonym: "zygopodium" RELATED  [VSAO:0005010]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "zeugopodial" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "zygopodial" xsd:string
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002471 ! zeugopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002471 ! zeugopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004381 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton of limb
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0011583 ! stylopodial skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0006717 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523"} ! autopodial skeleton
xref: VSAO:0005010 ! zeugopodial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007390
name: pectoral appendage cartilage tissue
xref: TAO:0000257 ! pectoral fin cartilage
xref: ZFA:0000257 ! pectoral fin cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004710 ! pectoral appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007272 ! pectoral appendage skeleton
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
property_value: external_definition "Cartilage which is part of the pectoral fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000257", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "pectoral fin cartilage" RELATED [TAO:0000257]
def: "A cartilage tissue that is part of a pectoral appendage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007391
name: pelvic appendage cartilage tissue
xref: TAO:0001459 ! pelvic fin cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001459 ! pelvic fin cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004709 ! pelvic appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007273 ! pelvic appendage skeleton
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
property_value: external_definition "Cartilage which is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001459", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "pelvic fin cartilage" RELATED [TAO:0001459]
def: "A cartilage tissue that is part of a pelvic appendage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007272
name: pectoral appendage skeleton
def: "Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle." [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005000]
synonym: "cheiropterygium" RELATED  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005000]
xref: VSAO:0005000 ! pectoral appendage skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0004710 ! pectoral appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004710 {source="VSAO"} ! pectoral appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: has_no_connections_with UBERON:0007273 ! pelvic appendage skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012353 ! fin skeleton
name: fin skeleton
def: "Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in a single fin." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeleton of fin" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0008897 ! fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008897 ! fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004288 ! skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010713
name: paired fin skeleton
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a single paired fin." [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002534 ! paired fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002534 ! paired fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: TAO:0000027 ! paired fin skeleton
xref: ZFA:0000027 ! paired fin skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000169 ! paired fin skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000027", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000169", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010710
name: pectoral fin skeleton
def: "Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "forefin skeleton" EXACT  [TAO:0000943]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0000151 ! pectoral fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000151 {source="TAO"} ! pectoral fin
xref: ZFA:0000943 ! pectoral fin skeleton
xref: EFO:0003594 ! pectoral fin skeleton
xref: TAO:0000943 ! pectoral fin skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000153 ! pectoral fin skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007273
name: pelvic appendage skeleton
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region." [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0004709 ! pelvic appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004709 {source="VSAO"} ! pelvic appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010711
name: pelvic fin skeleton
def: "Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radialsB and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia." [TAO:0001387]
comment: AO Notes: the girdle is part of the pelvic fin skeleton in ZFA - needs resolved
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0000152 ! pelvic fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000152 {source="TAO"} ! pelvic fin
xref: TAO:0001387 ! pelvic fin skeleton
xref: ZFA:0001387 ! pelvic fin skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000154 ! pelvic fin skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001440
name: forelimb skeleton
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a free forelimb region. Excludes the pectoral girdle" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "wing skeleton" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - find a home for: FMA:24139 ! skeleton of upper limb
synonym: "bones of upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "set of bones of upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "upper limb skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002222]
synonym: "forelimb skeleton" EXACT [VHOG:0001256]
synonym: "fore limb skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of upper limb" EXACT [FMA:24139]
synonym: "skeleton of forelimb" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of pectoral limb" EXACT []
synonym: "pectoral limb skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa membri superioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24139]
xref: FMA:24142 ! Skeleton of free upper limb
xref: XAO:0003061 ! forelimb skeleton
xref: VHOG:0001256 ! forelimb skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0002222 ! upper limb skeleton
xref: AAO:0000202 ! forelimb skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000151 ! forelimb skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002102 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012475 ! skeleton of pectoral complex
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: has_no_connections_with UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal structure of the paired, anterior appendages.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000202", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000202", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
synonym: "skeleton of free upper limb" EXACT [FMA:24142]
synonym: "free upper limb skeleton" EXACT [FMA:24142]
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001256", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012475 ! skeleton of pectoral complex
name: skeleton of pectoral complex
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "bones of upper limb" RELATED  [FMA:24139]
synonym: "ossa membri superioris" RELATED [FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of bones of upper limb" RELATED  [FMA:24139]
synonym: "upper limb skeleton" RELATED  [FMA:24139]
synonym: "pectoral complex skeleton" RELATED  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle" RELATED  [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010708 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: FMA:24139 ! skeleton of upper limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006715
name: radio-ulna
def: "Paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007]
synonym: "radioulna" EXACT [XAO:0003209]
synonym: "radius-ulna" EXACT [XAO:0003209]
xref: XAO:0003209 ! radio-ulna
xref: AAO:0000901 ! radio-ulna
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 {source="VSAO"} ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010848 ! radius-ulna cartilage condensation
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001423 ! radius
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001424 ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001441
name: hindlimb skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: TOOD - find a home for: FMA:24140 ! Skeleton of lower limb
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bones of lower limb" EXACT []
synonym: "lower limb skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "set of bones of lower limb" EXACT []
synonym: "hind limb skeleton" EXACT [XAO:0003062]
synonym: "hindlimb skeleton" EXACT [VHOG:0001255]
synonym: "skeleton of lower limb" EXACT [FMA:24140]
xref: FMA:24144 ! Skeleton of free lower limb
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZcKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EHDAA2:0002226 ! lower limb skeleton
xref: VHOG:0001255 ! hindlimb skeleton
xref: XAO:0003062 ! hind limb skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000152 ! hindlimb skeleton
xref: AAO:0000217 ! hind limb skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002103 {source="FMA"} ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012476 ! skeleton of pelvic complex
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
synonym: "ossa membri inferioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24140]
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000217", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000217", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
synonym: "skeleton of free lower limb" EXACT [FMA:24144]
synonym: "free lower limb skeleton" EXACT [FMA:24144]
synonym: "hind-limb skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:0000152]
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001255", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012476 ! skeleton of pelvic complex
name: skeleton of pelvic complex
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "bones of lower limb" RELATED  [FMA:24140]
synonym: "lower limb skeleton" RELATED  [FMA:24140]
synonym: "ossa membri inferioris" RELATED [FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of bones of lower limb" RELATED  [FMA:24140]
synonym: "pelvic complex skeleton" RELATED  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle" RELATED  [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010709 {source="FMA"} ! pelvic complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: FMA:24140 ! skeleton of lower limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010720
name: hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb zeugopod region." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "crus skeleton" EXACT [PHENOSCAPE:ni]
synonym: "hindlimb zygopod skeleton" EXACT  []
synonym: "hindlimb epipodium" RELATED  [VSAO:NI, VSAO:0005014]
synonym: "hind epipodium" RELATED [AAO:0000216]
synonym: "posterior zeugopodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior zeugopodium" RELATED INCONSISTENT [VSAO:0005014]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0000981 ! femur
xref: AAO:0000216 ! hind epipodium
xref: VSAO:0005014 ! posterior zeugopodium
property_value: external_definition "Segment of the leg corresponding to the tibia and fibula.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000216", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006714
name: tibiofibula
def: "Paired, endochondral bones formed by the fusion of the tibia and fibula. They form the shanks, extending from the knees to the ankles." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007]
synonym: "tibiofibula" EXACT []
synonym: "os cruris" RELATED [AAO:0000902]
synonym: "tibia-fibula" EXACT [XAO:0003213]
xref: XAO:0003213 ! tibia-fibula
xref: AAO:0000902 ! tibiofibula
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 {source="AAO"} ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001446 ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001444
name: subdivision of head
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "head region" EXACT []
synonym: "head subdivision" EXACT []
synonym: "region of head" EXACT []
subset: non_informative
xref: FMA:24218 ! Subdivision of head
xref: XAO:0000040 ! head region
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: SCTID:123852005 ! Region of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001446
name: fibula
def: "The major postaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]." [PHENOSCAPE:mah, Wikipedia:Fibula]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000891 ! fibula
xref: FMA:24479 ! Fibula
xref: GAID:202 ! fibula
xref: galen:Fibula
xref: MA:0001360 ! fibula
xref: ncithesaurus:Fibula ! Fibula
xref: BTO:0002346 ! fibula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Illu_lower_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18512 ! fibula of mesenchyme of lower leg
xref: EMAPA:19141 ! fibula of lower leg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.321 ! fibula
xref: EFO:0003052 ! fibula
is_a: UBERON:0002495 {source="FMA"} ! long bone
relationship: postaxial_part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010851 ! fibula cartilaginous condensation
xref: SCTID:302529003 ! Entire fibula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Illu_lower_extremity.jpg
property_value: external_definition "One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the hind-epipodium; it is a rather more slender bone than the tibia but of about the same length.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000891", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "fibular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0016068

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010851
name: fibula cartilaginous condensation
synonym: "fibular cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:18154]
synonym: "fibulal cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:18154]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005259 {source="EMAPA"} ! lower leg mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010852 ! fibula pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18154 ! fibular cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a fibula." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010852
name: fibula pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "fibular pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "fibulal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005259 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lower leg mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000509 ! fibula pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:6196 ! fibula pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a fibula." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012126
name: fibulare
def: "One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The fibulare constitutes the preaxial element[AAO]." [AAO:0000913]
comment: In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale[AAO]
synonym: "astragalus" RELATED  [AAO:0000913]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="AAO", notes="editor note: add cartilage precursors and infer this"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0011679 {source="cjm"} ! proximal tarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 {source="AAO"} ! tarsal skeleton
xref: AAO:0000913 ! fibulare
property_value: external_definition "One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The fibulare constitutes the preaxial element. In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000913", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001450
name: calcaneus
def: "The postaxial bone of the proximal tarsals series[Phenoscape]." [PHENOSCAPE:mah, Wikipedia:Calcaneus]
comment: synonymous with the fibulare of basal tetrapods. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "calcaneum" EXACT [MA:0001348]
synonym: "fibulare" RELATED [Wikipedia:Calcaneus, AAO:0000913, VSAO:0005016, ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "os calcis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:24496]
synonym: "os tarsi fibulare" RELATED  [BTO:0002355]
synonym: "calcaneal bone" EXACT [BTO:0002355]
xref: FMA:24496 ! Calcaneus
xref: galen:Calcaneum
xref: MA:0001348 ! calcaneum
xref: ncithesaurus:Calcaneum ! Calcaneum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG/200px-Subtalar_Joint.PNG
xref: BTO:0002355 ! calcaneal bone
xref: EMAPA:18501 ! calcaneum
xref: EMAPA:19134 ! calcaneus
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.300.710.300 ! calcaneu
xref: VSAO:0005016 ! calcaneum
is_a: UBERON:0011679 ! proximal tarsal bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010842 ! calcaneum cartilage condensation
relationship: postaxial_part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
xref: SCTID:182099002 ! Entire os calcis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG
property_value: has_relational_adjective "calcaneal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0006655

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010842 ! calcaneum cartilage condensation
name: calcaneum cartilage condensation
synonym: "calcaneous cartilage condensation" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010801 ! calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18143 ! calcaneum cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010801 ! calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation
name: calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "calcaneous pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
xref: EMAPA:17736 ! calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011678
name: hindlimb intermedium
synonym: "intermedium (hind)" EXACT [AAO:0000923]
is_a: UBERON:0011679 ! proximal tarsal bone
xref: AAO:0000923 ! intermedium (hind)

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011679 ! proximal tarsal bone
name: proximal tarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
def: "A tarsal bone that connected_to a hindlimb zeugopod skeleton." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002395
name: talus
def: "proximal tarsal bone resulting from fusion of intermedium and fibulare." [Wikipedia:Talus_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: The talus is apparently derived from the fusion of three separate bones in the feet of primitive amphibians; the tibiale, articulating with tibia, the intermedium, between the bases of the tibia and fibula, and the fourth centrale, lying in the mid-part of the tarsus. These bones are still partially separate in modern amphibians, which therefore do not have a true talus. The talus forms a considerably more flexible joint in mammals than it does in reptiles. This reaches its greatest extent in artiodactyls, where the distal surface of the bone has a smooth keel to allow greater freedom of movement of the foot, and thus increase running speed[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os trigonum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Talus_bone]
synonym: "astragalus bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Talus_bone, ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "astragalus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Talus_bone, MA:000135, ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "astragaloid bone" RELATED [BTO:0002354]
synonym: "os tarsi tibiale" RELATED [BTO:0002354]
xref: FMA:9708 ! Talus
xref: GAID:196 ! talus
xref: MA:0001351 ! talus
xref: ncithesaurus:Talus ! Talus
xref: BTO:0002354 ! talus
xref: galen:Talus ! talus
xref: EMAPA:18503 ! talus of tarsus of mesenchyme of hind-paw
xref: EMAPA:19135 ! talus of tarsal bones
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.300.710.780 ! talus
is_a: UBERON:0011679 ! proximal tarsal bone
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0011678 ! hindlimb intermedium
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
xref: SCTID:182098005 ! Entire talus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG/250px-Subtalar_Joint.PNG
synonym: "Os trigonum, Astralagus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Talus_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0039277

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006836
name: medial tibial tarsal bone
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone that is medially located and between the intermedium and centralia." [VSAO:0005048]
synonym: "tibiale" RELATED [MA:0001350, AAO:0000912]
xref: MA:0001350 ! medial tibial tarsal bone
xref: AAO:0000912 ! tibiale
xref: VSAO:0005048 ! tibiale
is_a: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
property_value: external_definition "One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The tibiale constitutes the postaxial element. In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the fibulare.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000912", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of pes
name: navicular bone of pes
def: "The navicular bone is one of the tarsal bones, found in the pes. It is located on the medial side of the pes, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and occasionally laterally with the cuboid[WP]." [Wikipedia:Navicular_bone]
comment: taxon notes: connections vary depending on species. AAO: Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5. In humans: there is a cuboid instead of distal tarsal 4 and 5 - may articulate laterally with the cuboid[WP]. TODO - add correct VSAO xref (currently broken)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os naviculare" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24499]
synonym: "os naviculare pedis" EXACT  [BTO:0002356]
synonym: "central tarsal bone" RELATED []
synonym: "centrale" BROAD []
synonym: "navicular" EXACT []
synonym: "navicular of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "centrale (hind)" EXACT [AAO:0000924]
xref: FMA:24499 ! Navicular bone of foot
xref: MA:0001349 ! navicular
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv67esJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: galen:Navicular ! navicular
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv67esJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! navicular
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray276.png/200px-Gray276.png
xref: BTO:0002356 ! navicular bone
xref: AAO:0000924 ! centrale (hind)
is_a: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0012131 ! centrale
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002395 ! talus
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010721 {notes="numbers vary"} ! distal tarsal bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Navicular_Bone ! navicular bone
xref: SCTID:182100005 ! Entire navicular
synonym: "os naviculare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Navicular_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray276.png
property_value: external_definition "Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000924", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
synonym: "navicular bone of foot" EXACT [FMA:24499]
synonym: "navicular of foot" EXACT [FMA:24499]
xref: UMLS:C0223947

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012288
name: centroquartal bone
def: "A tarsal bone that is formed from the fusion of the central and 4th tarsal bones." [UBERON:skansa]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of pes
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0010737 ! distal tarsal bone 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012289
name: fused tarsals 2 and 3
def: "A tarsal bone that is formed from the fusion of the 2nd and 3rd tarsal bones." [UBERON:skansa]
synonym: "fused tarsal bones 2 and 3" EXACT []
synonym: "tarsals 2+3" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0001453 ! distal tarsal bone 2
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0001454 ! distal tarsal bone 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012290
name: fused carpals 2 and 3
def: "A carpal bone that is formed from the fusion of the 2nd and 3rd carpal bones." [UBERON:skansa]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0001431 ! distal carpal bone 2
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0001432 ! distal carpal bone 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013649
name: fused tarsals 1 and 2
def: "A tarsal bone that is formed from the fusion of the 1st and 2nd tarsal bones." [UBERON:skansa]
synonym: "fused tarsal bones 1 and 2" EXACT  []
synonym: "tarsals 1+2" RELATED  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
intersection_of: has_fused_element  UBERON:0001452 ! distal tarsal bone 1
intersection_of: has_fused_element UBERON:0001453 ! distal tarsal bone 2 
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9788 ! Equidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
name: distal tarsal bone
def: "There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform the intermediate cuneiform also known as the middle the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone[WP, unvetted, human specific]." [Wikipedia:Cuneiform_%28anatomy%29]
synonym: "distal tarsal" EXACT [AAO:0000914]
synonym: "distal tarsal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "os cuneiform" EXACT []
synonym: "cuneiform" RELATED []
synonym: "os cuneiforme" EXACT []
synonym: "cuneiform bone" EXACT [FMA:24517]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
xref: FMA:24517 ! cuneiform bone
xref: AAO:0000914  ! distal tarsal
xref: SCTID:182102002 ! Entire cuneiform bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Cuneiform_Bone_of_the_Foot 
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray268.png
property_value: external_definition "Series of elements that articulate with the metatarsals.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000914", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C1511560

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012132
name: intercuneiform joint
def: "The intercuneiform articulations are articulations among the cuneiform bones[WP,unverified]." [Wikipedia:Intercuneiform_articulations]
comment: Terminology notes: The term \"cuneocuboid articulation\" is sometimes used to describe the joint between the cuboid and lateral cuneiform, but this term isn't recognized by Terminologia Anatomica[WP]
synonym: "cuneocuboid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercuneiform_articulations]
synonym: "cuneocuboid articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercuneiform_articulations]
synonym: "intercuneiform" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercuneiform_articulations]
synonym: "intercuneiform and cuneocuboid articulations" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercuneiform_articulations]
synonym: "intercuneiform articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercuneiform_articulations]
synonym: "intercuneiform joints" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercuneiform_articulations]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0010721 {cardinality="2"} ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
xref: FMA:35213 ! intercuneiform joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012133
name: lateral-intermediate intercuneiform joint
comment: todo - add connections
is_a: UBERON:0012132 ! intercuneiform joint
xref: FMA:73223 ! lateral-intermediate intercuneiform joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012134
name: medial-intermediate intercuneiform joint
comment: todo - add connections
is_a: UBERON:0012132  ! intercuneiform joint
xref: FMA:73222 ! medial-intermediate intercuneiform joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001452
name: distal tarsal bone 1
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 1." [VSAO:0005052, Wikipedia:Medial_cuneiform_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneiforme 1" EXACT  [VSAO:0005052]
synonym: "entocuneiforme" EXACT  [VSAO:0005052]
synonym: "first cuneiform bone" EXACT  [FMA:24518]
synonym: "medial cuneiform bone" EXACT  [FMA:24518]
synonym: "medial cuneiform" EXACT  [FMA:24518]
synonym: "os cuneiforme mediale" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "foot distal carpal bone 1" RELATED []
synonym: "os cuneiforme primum" RELATED [BTO:0002360]
synonym: "ossa cuneiforme mediale" RELATED [BTO:0002360]
synonym: "tarsal 1" EXACT [AAO:0000918]
synonym: "distal tarsal 1" EXACT [VSAO:0005052]
xref: FMA:24518 ! Medial cuneiform bone
xref: MA:0001352 ! medial cuneiform
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYtfH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0002360 ! medial cuneiform bone
xref: galen:MedialCuneiform ! medial cuneiform
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYtfH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! medial cuneiform bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray290.png/200px-Gray290.png
xref: SCTID:182116007 ! Entire medial cuneiform
xref: VSAO:0005052 ! distal tarsal 1
xref: AAO:0000918 ! tarsal 1
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Cuneiform_Bone_of_the_Foot
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/images/450x218xEctocuneiform.gif.pagespeed.ic.kaiuLYQELL.png
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of pes
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1
synonym: "first cuneiform" EXACT [Wikipedia:Medial_cuneiform_bone]
synonym: "os cuneiforme mediale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_cuneiform_bone]
synonym: "os cuneiform primum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_cuneiform_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray290.png
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates with the prehallux, metatarsal I and element Y. It may be fused to tarsal 2.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000918", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C1512869

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001453
name: distal tarsal bone 2
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2." [VSAO:0005053, Wikipedia:Intermediate_cuneiform_bone]
comment: The intermediate cuneiform (also known as second cuneiform / middle cuneiform) is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing downwards. It is situated between the other two cuneiforms (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side. [WP,unvetted]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneiforme 2" EXACT  [VSAO:0005053]
synonym: "mesocuneiforme" EXACT  [VSAO:0005053]
synonym: "foot distal carpal bone 2" RELATED []
synonym: "intermediate cuneiform" EXACT []
synonym: "middle cuneiform" EXACT []
synonym: "middle cuneiform bone of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "second cuneiform bone" EXACT []
synonym: "second cuneiform bone of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "os cuneiforme intermedium" RELATED [BTO:0002359]
synonym: "os cuneiforme secundum" RELATED [BTO:0002359]
synonym: "tarsal 2" EXACT [AAO:0000919]
synonym: "distal tarsal 2" EXACT [VSAO:0005053]
xref: FMA:24519 ! Intermediate cuneiform bone
xref: galen:IntermediateCuneiform
xref: MA:0001353 ! intermediate cuneiform
xref: BTO:0002359 ! intermediate cuneiform bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Cuneiform_Bone_of_the_Foot ! middle cuneiform bone of the foot
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of pes
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2
xref: SCTID:179512006 ! Entire intermediate cuneiform
xref: VSAO:0005053 ! distal tarsal 2
xref: AAO:0000919 ! tarsal 2
synonym: "os cuneiforme intermedium, os cuneiforme secundum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intermediate_cuneiform_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray291.png
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal II. It may be fused to tarsal 1 or to tarsal 3.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000919", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
synonym: "intermediate cuneiform bone" RELATED [FMA:24519]
xref: UMLS:C1513292

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001454
name: distal tarsal bone 3
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 3." [VSAO:0005054, Wikipedia:Lateral_cuneiform_bone]
comment: The lateral cuneiform (also known as third cuneiform / external cuneiform) intermediate in size between the other two cuneiform bones, is also wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost. It occupies the center of the front row of the tarsal bones, between the second cuneiform medially, the cuboid laterally, the navicular posteriorly and the third metatarsal in front. [WP,unvetted]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneiforme 3" EXACT  [VSAO:0005054]
synonym: "ectocuneiforme" EXACT  [VSAO:0005054]
synonym: "foor distal carpal bone 3" RELATED []
synonym: "external cuneiform" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lateral_cuneiform_bone]
synonym: "external cuneiform bone of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral cuneiform" EXACT []
synonym: "third cuneiform bone" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa cuneiforme laterale" RELATED [BTO:0002358]
synonym: "lateral cuneiform bone" EXACT [FMA:24520]
synonym: "distal tarsal 3" EXACT [VSAO:0005054]
synonym: "tarsal 3" EXACT [AAO:0000920]
synonym: "os cuneiforme laterale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_cuneiform_bone]
synonym: "os cuneiforme tertium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_cuneiform_bone]
xref: FMA:24520 ! lateral cuneiform bone
xref: galen:LateralCuneiform
xref: MA:0001354 ! lateral cuneiform
xref: BTO:0002358 ! lateral cuneiform bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvoLPu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lateral cuneiform bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: SCTID:182117003 ! Entire lateral cuneiform
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Cuneiform_Bone_of_the_Foot ! external cuneiform bone of the foot
xref: VSAO:0005054 ! distal tarsal 3
xref: AAO:0000920 ! tarsal 3
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of pes
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray291.png
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal III. It may be fused to tarsal 2.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000920", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_comment "In some types, the cuneiform is found as two or three bones, in which case the more anterior ('dorsal' in dorsal/plantar terminology) is the ectocuneiform, while the more posterior or plantar bones are the mesocuneiform and entocuneiform.[Palaeos]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryE.html"}
xref: UMLS:C1517036

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010737
name: distal tarsal bone 4
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 4." [VSAO:0005055]
comment: We need to restrict the logical definition such that it is *only* connecting to metatarsal 4
synonym: "cuboideum" RELATED  [VSAO:0005055]
synonym: "distal tarsal 4" EXACT [VSAO:0005055]
synonym: "tarsal 4" EXACT [AAO:0000932]
xref: VSAO:0005055 ! distal tarsal 4
xref: AAO:0000932 ! tarsal 4
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of pes
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal IV. It may be absent in some taxa.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000932", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010738
name: distal tarsal bone 5
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 5." [VSAO:0005056]
comment: We need to restrict the logical definition such that it is *only* connecting to metatarsal 5
synonym: "cuboideum" RELATED  [VSAO:0005056]
synonym: "distal tarsal 5" EXACT [VSAO:0005056]
synonym: "tarsal 5" EXACT [AAO:0000933]
xref: VSAO:0005056 ! distal tarsal 5
xref: AAO:0000933 ! tarsal 5
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of pes
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5
property_value: external_definition "Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal V. It may be absent in some taxa.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000933", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Francis_1934"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001455
name: cuboid bone
def: "A tarsal bone that is formed from distal tarsals 4 and 5. In the human body, the cuboid bone is one of the seven tarsal bones of the pes. [WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuboid" EXACT []
synonym: "cuboideum" EXACT []
synonym: "foot distal carpal bone 4 and 5" RELATED []
synonym: "os cuboideum" EXACT [BTO:0002357]
xref: FMA:24527 ! Cuboid bone
xref: galen:Cuboid
xref: MA:0001355 ! cuboid
xref: ncithesaurus:Cuboid_Bone ! Cuboid Bone
xref: BTO:0002357 ! cuboid bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray274.png/200px-Gray274.png
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
xref: SCTID:182101009 ! Entire cuboid
synonym: "os cuboideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Gray274.png
xref: UMLS:C0376381

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001456
name: face
def: "Subdivision of head which consists of the facial skeleton and all layers superficial to it[FMA,modified]." [Wikipedia:Face, FMA:24728]
comment: The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence)[vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "visage" RELATED [BTO:0003369]
xref: FMA:24728 ! Face
xref: GAID:64 ! face
xref: galen:Face
xref: HAO:0000316 ! face
xref: MA:0002473 ! face
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Face ! Face
xref: BTO:0003369 ! face
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! face
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg/200px-Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.456.505 ! face
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
xref: SCTID:302549007 ! Entire face
synonym: "facia/facies" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Face]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "facial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0015450

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001457
name: skin of eyelid
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eyelid skin" EXACT []
synonym: "blepharon zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eyelid zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of blepharon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:24760 ! Skin of eyelid
xref: MA:0001256 ! eyelid skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Skin ! Eyelid Skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
xref: SCTID:245947005 ! Entire skin of eyelid
xref: UMLS:C0222088

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003581
name: eyelid connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blepharon connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blepharon portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blepharon textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of blepharon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eyelid portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eyelid textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of blepharon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of blepharon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001251 ! eyelid connective tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Connective_Tissue ! Eyelid Connective Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
xref: UMLS:C1707989

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009648
name: eyelid subcutaneous connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0003581  ! eyelid connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002072 ! hypodermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001457 ! skin of eyelid
synonym: "superficial fascia of eyelid" RELATED [FMA:63975]
xref: MA:0001252 ! eyelid subcutaneous connective tissue
xref: FMA:63975 ! superficial fascia of eyelid
xref: ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Subcutaneous_Connective_Tissue ! Eyelid Subcutaneous Connective Tissue
xref: UMLS:C1707991

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013120
name: eyelid submuscular connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0003581 {source="MA"} ! eyelid connective tissue
xref: MA:0001253 ! eyelid submuscular connective tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001458
name: skin of lip
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lips" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "lip skin" EXACT []
synonym: "lip zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:24764 ! Skin of lip
xref: MA:0001579 ! lip skin
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001833 ! lip
xref: ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Lip ! Skin of the Lip
xref: SCTID:244092005 ! Entire skin of lip
xref: UMLS:C0222101

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001459
name: skin of external ear
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "ear skin" EXACT []
synonym: "external ear skin" EXACT []
synonym: "auricular region of head zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auricular region zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "external ear zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outer ear zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of auricular region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of auricular region of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of external ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of outer ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:24775 ! Skin of external ear
xref: MA:0001233 ! ear skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Ear_Skin ! Ear Skin
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 ! pinna
xref: SCTID:244073008 ! Entire skin of ear
xref: UMLS:C0222110

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001461
name: elbow
def: "The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint—the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]." [Wikipedia:Elbow]
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "elbow region" EXACT []
synonym: "cubital region" EXACT []
synonym: "elbow limb segment" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:4166 ! elbow
xref: EHDAA:6212 ! elbow
xref: FMA:24901 ! Elbow
xref: GAID:54 ! elbow
xref: galen:Elbow
xref: VHOG:0000340 ! elbow
xref: MA:0000036 ! elbow
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! elbow
xref: EHDAA2:0000429 ! elbow
xref: EMAPA:17414 ! elbow
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.420 ! elbow
xref: EFO:0003069 ! elbow
xref: SCTID:76248009 ! Entire elbow region
is_a: UBERON:0002529 {source="FMA"} ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 {source="EHDAA2"} ! arm
synonym: "articulatio cubiti" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Elbow]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Elbow_coude.JPG
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cubital" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001464
name: hip
def: "The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Hip]
comment: AO notes. See notes for shoulder. in BTO this is part of the abdomen - this creates an inconsistency if limb and abdomen are spatially disjoint
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hip region" EXACT  [FMA:24964]
synonym: "regio coxae" EXACT  [FMA:24964]
xref: EHDAA:5153 ! hip
xref: EHDAA:6178 ! hip
xref: FMA:24964 ! Hip
xref: GAID:47 ! hip
xref: galen:Hip
xref: VHOG:0000346 ! hip
xref: MA:0000045 ! hip
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjhy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Hip ! Hip
xref: BTO:0001457 ! hip
xref: EFO:0001929 ! hip
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjhy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hip
xref: EHDAA2:0000783 ! hip
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hip.jpg/200px-Hip.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17490 ! hip
xref: MESH:A01.378.610.400 ! hip
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001271 {source="FMA-modified"} ! pelvic girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
xref: SCTID:302543008 ! Entire hip region
synonym: "coxa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hip]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Hip.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000346", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.333", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "coxal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0019552

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001465
name: knee
def: "A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "knee region" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:5159 ! knee
xref: EHDAA:6184 ! knee
xref: FMA:24974 ! Knee
xref: GAID:48 ! knee
xref: galen:Knee
xref: VHOG:0000347 ! knee
xref: MA:0000046 ! knee
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjPKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0003595 ! knee
xref: EFO:0001957 ! knee joint (also: UBERON:0001485 'knee joint')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjPKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! knee
xref: EHDAA2:0000895 ! knee
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Male_Knee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/200px-Male_Knee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17493 ! knee
xref: MESH:A01.378.610.450 ! knee
xref: SCTID:361291001 ! Entire knee region
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001466
name: pedal digit
alt_id: UBERON:0000027
def: "A digit that is part of a pes (foot)." [Wikipedia:Toe]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pes digit" EXACT []
synonym: "digit of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "digitus pedis" EXACT []
synonym: "hindlimb digit" EXACT []
synonym: "hind_digit" EXACT [AAO:0000888]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitipedis" RELATED [BTO:0002348]
synonym: "digiti pedis" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:70664]
synonym: "toe" EXACT [FMA:25046]
synonym: "hind digit" EXACT [XAO:0003035]
xref: FMA:25046 ! Toe
xref: GAID:44 ! toe
xref: MA:0000048 ! foot digit
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjCHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: AAO:0000888 ! hind_digit
xref: ncithesaurus:Toe ! Toe
xref: BTO:0002348 ! toe
xref: galen:Toe ! toe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjCHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! toe
xref: AAO:0000888 ! hind_digit
xref: XAO:0003035 ! hind digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012142 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! pedal digitopodium region
xref: SCTID:116667001 ! Hind digit
synonym: "digiti pedis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Toe]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Toes.jpg
property_value: external_definition "One of the toes of the pes.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000888", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
synonym: "foot digit" EXACT [MA:0000048]
xref: UMLS:C0040357

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001467
name: shoulder
def: "In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula. The shoulder refers to the group of structures in the region of the joint. It is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. There are two kinds of cartilage in the joint. The first type is the white cartilage on the ends of the bones (called articular cartilage) which allows the bones to glide and move on each other. When this type of cartilage starts to wear out (a process called arthritis), the joint becomes painful and stiff. The labrum is a second kind of cartilage in the shoulder which is distinctly different from the articular cartilage. This cartilage is more fibrous or rigid than the cartilage on the ends of the ball and socket. Also, this cartilage is also found only around the socket where it is attached. The shoulder must be flexible for the wide range of motion required in the arms and hands and also strong enough to allow for actions such as lifting, pushing and pulling. The compromise between these two functions results in a large number of shoulder problems not faced by other joints such as the hip. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Shoulder]
comment: AO notes: In FMA, the shoulder is part of the pectoral girdle region. in MA, shoulder structures like shoulder joints, bones, nerves etc are part of the shoulder and the forelimb. E.g. humerus is a shoulder bone
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "shoulder region" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:4180 ! shoulder
xref: EHDAA:6228 ! shoulder
xref: FMA:25202 ! Shoulder
xref: GAID:60 ! shoulder
xref: VHOG:0000342 ! shoulder
xref: MA:0000038 ! shoulder
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Shoulder ! Shoulder
xref: galen:Shoulder ! shoulder
xref: EHDAA2:0001834 ! shoulder
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Shoulderjoint.PNG/200px-Shoulderjoint.PNG
xref: EMAPA:17421 ! shoulder
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.750 ! shoulder
xref: EFO:0003068 ! shoulder
xref: SCTID:361103004 ! Entire shoulder region
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001421 {source="FMA-modified"} ! pectoral girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
synonym: "articulatio humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Shoulder]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Shoulderjoint.PNG
property_value: homology_notes " (...) endochondral elements of the early tetrapod shoulder develop from two centers of ossification, giving rise to a scapula and a 'coracoid'.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000342", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.332", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0037004

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011108
name: synovial joint of pectoral girdle
synonym: "pectoral girdle joint" EXACT  [FMA:35243]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, these are part of the bony pectoral girdle
is_a: UBERON:0008114 ! joint of girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
relationship: connects UBERON:0007829 ! pectoral girdle bone
xref: FMA:35243 ! synovial joint of pectoral girdle
def: "A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001469 ! sternoclavicular joint
name: sternoclavicular joint
def: "The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:25883 ! Sternoclavicular joint
xref: GAID:270 ! sternoclavicular joint
xref: MA:0001507 ! sternoclavicular joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_eLJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternoclavicular_Joint ! Sternoclavicular Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_eLJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sternoclavicular joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwI-ZZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sternoclavicular joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gray325.png/200px-Gray325.png
xref: EMAPA:19203 ! sterno-clavicular joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.781 ! sternoclavicular joint
xref: SCTID:182165002 ! Entire sternoclavicular joint
synonym: "sterno clavicular joint" EXACT []
synonym: "sternoclavicular" BROAD [Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation]
synonym: "sternoclavicular articulation" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation]
synonym: "articulatio sternoclavicularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation]
is_a: UBERON:0011108 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint of pectoral girdle
is_a: UBERON:0011965 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="Wikipedia"} ! saddle joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: connects UBERON:0000975 {notes="clavicular notch of the manubrium sterni"} ! sternum
relationship: connects UBERON:0001105 {notes="sternal end of the clavicle and first rib"} ! clavicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gray325.png
xref: UMLS:C0038291

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011875
name: ligament of sternoclavicular joint
synonym: "sternoclavicular joint ligament" EXACT  [FMA:63980]
synonym: "ligamentum sternoclavicularis" EXACT LATIN  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001469 ! sternoclavicular joint
xref: FMA:63980 ! ligament of sternoclavicular joint
xref: SCTID:182386007 ! Entire ligament of sternoclavicular joint
def: "A skeletal ligament that is part of a sternoclavicular joint." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003692
name: acromioclavicular joint
def: "The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the clavicle and the inner margin of the acromion process of the scapula." [MESH:A02.835.583.032, Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint]
synonym: "acromioclavicular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint]
synonym: "scapuloclavicular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint]
xref: FMA:25898 ! Acromioclavicular joint
xref: GAID:249 ! acromioclavicular joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Acromioclavicular_Joint ! Acromioclavicular Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwHhmSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! acromioclavicular joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray326.png/200px-Gray326.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.032 ! acromioclavicular joint
is_a: UBERON:0011108 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint of pectoral girdle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 {source="FMA"} ! shoulder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
xref: SCTID:182166001 ! Entire acromioclavicular joint
synonym: "articulatio acromioclavicularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray326.png
xref: UMLS:C0001208

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001470
name: glenohumeral joint
def: "The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, this is part of the bony pectoral girdle, alongside the skeleton of pectoral girdle. Editor notes: note that in this ontology 'glenoid fossa' is a cavity (consistent with FMA) - consider adding a class for the surface of the scapula that is adjacent to this cavity, and making a more explicit connects relationship
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "humeroscapular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint]
synonym: "humeral joint" EXACT  [FMA:25912]
synonym: "shoulder joint" EXACT [MA:0000459]
synonym: "joint of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:25912 ! Glenohumeral joint
xref: GAID:269 ! shoulder joint
xref: VHOG:0001002 ! shoulder joint
xref: MA:0000459 ! shoulder joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Shoulder_Joint ! Shoulder Joint
xref: galen:ShoulderJoint ! shoulder joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP32BZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! shoulder joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray327.png/200px-Gray327.png
xref: EMAPA:19105 ! shoulder joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.748 ! shoulder joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0006657 ! glenoid fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 {source="FMA", source="MA"} ! shoulder
synonym: "articulatio humeri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:25912]
xref: SCTID:182168000 ! Entire glenohumeral joint
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006292 {evidence="definitional"} ! shoulder joint primordium
synonym: "articulatio humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray327.png
xref: UMLS:C0037009

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001472
name: vaginal venous plexus
def: "The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "venous vaginal plexus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:29713 ! Vaginal venous plexus
xref: MA:0002257 ! venous vaginal plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gray589.png/200px-Gray589.png
is_a: UBERON:0001593 ! venous plexus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001593 ! venous plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
xref: SCTID:294653003 ! Entire vaginal venous plexus
synonym: "plexus venosus vaginalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001474
name: bone element
def: "Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue[VSAO]." [Wikipedia:Bone, VSAO:0000057]
comment: Alternate definition: Organ with cavitated organ parts, which primarily consists of compact (cortical) and cancellous bone, which surround bone marrow cavities; together with other bones, cartilages and joints, it constitutes the skeletal system. Examples: femur, sternum, maxilla, vertebra, talus[FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "bone" EXACT []
synonym: "bone organ" EXACT []
synonym: "bone element" EXACT [VSAO:0000057]
xref: AAO:0000047 ! bone
xref: BTO:0000140
xref: EFO:0000298 ! bone
xref: ENVO:00002039
xref: FMA:5018 ! Bone organ
xref: FMA:30317 ! bone (GAT)
xref: GAID:92 ! bone
xref: galen:Bone
xref: VHOG:0001190 ! bone
xref: MA:0001459 ! bone
xref: MAT:0000299 ! bone
xref: MIAA:0000299 ! bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001514 ! bone
xref: XAO:0000169 ! bone
xref: ZFA:0001514 ! bone
xref: EHDAA2:0003082 ! bone
xref: AEO:0000082 ! bone
xref: EV:0100140 ! bone
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002481 {source="VSAO-modified"} ! bone tissue
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
xref: SCTID:90780006 ! Entire bone (organ)
subset: organ_slim
xref: VSAO:0000057 ! bone element
synonym: "bone element" EXACT [VSAO:0000057]
property_value: external_definition "Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000047", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000047", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001514", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000057", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: homology_notes "The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001190", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1159/000324245 Murdock DJ\, Donoghue PC\, Evolutionary Origins of Animal Skeletal Biomineralization. Cells Tissues Organs (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0262950


[Term]
id: UBERON:0008193
name: pneumatized bone
def: "a bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. Skeletal pneumaticity exists only in synapsids and archosaurs. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development. Pneumatization occurs in the skulls of mammals, crocodilians and birds among extant groups, as well as extinct archosaurs including the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Pneumatic spaces include the paranasal sinuses and some of the mastoid cells[WP]." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=11303, Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity]
comment: editor note: subclasses of this should be checked for taxonomic consistency
synonym: "os pneumaticum" EXACT  [FMA:7478]
synonym: "pneumatic bone" EXACT  [FMA:7478]
synonym: "hollow bone" RELATED  []
xref: FMA:7478 ! pneumatized bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0010528 ! pneumatic cavity of bone
xref: galen:PneumaticBone
xref: SCTID:333008005 ! Entire pneumatic bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010527
name: cavity of bone organ
synonym: "bone organ cavity" EXACT  [FMA:24021]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002558 ! organ cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
xref: FMA:24021 ! cavity of bone organ
def: "An organ cavity that surrounded_by a bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010528 ! pneumatic cavity of bone
name: pneumatic cavity of bone
synonym: "air space of bone" EXACT  [FMA:24028]
is_a: UBERON:0010527 {source="FMA"} ! cavity of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008193 ! pneumatized bone
xref: FMA:24028 ! pneumatic cavity of bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001475
name: obsolete ligament
comment: made obsolete as it incorrectly grouped classes
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0000211
consider: UBERON:0002360
consider: FMA:30319 ! ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001476
name: deltoid
def: "A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
comment: We use a generic definition that includes the deltoideus as represented in AAO: 'Muscle which originates as three heads, the pars externalis, pars clavicularis, and pars scapularis. The pars externalis originates from the lateral border of the omosternum and inserts on the distal portion of the humerus. The pars clavicularis originates from the ventro-lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The pars scapularis originates from the lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus'. 
synonym: "common shoulder muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "deltoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "deltoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "deltoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus deltoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "m. deltoideus" EXACT [AAO:0010716]
synonym: "musculus deltoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:32521 ! Deltoid
xref: VHOG:0000846 ! deltoid
xref: MA:0002286 ! deltoid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Deltoid ! Deltoid
xref: EFO:0001412 ! deltoid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! deltoid
xref: EMAPA:18177 ! deltoid
xref: AAO:0010716 ! m. deltoideus
xref: EHDAA2:0000339 ! deltoid muscle
xref: SCTID:181620007 ! Entire deltoid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001482 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of shoulder
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002498 {source="FMA"} ! deltoid tuberosity
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006219 {source="EHDAA2"} ! deltoid pre-muscle mass
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001493 {source="dbpedia"} ! axillary nerve
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001112 {source="dbpedia"} ! latissimus dorsi
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002498 {source="dbpedia", notes="deltoid tuberosity of humerus"} ! deltoid tuberosity
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002497 {source="dbpedia", notes="the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula"} ! acromion
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001105 {source="dbpedia", notes="the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula"} ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001124 {source="dbpedia", notes="the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula"} ! pectoral limb scapula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Deltoideus.png
property_value: external_definition "Muscle which originates as three heads, the pars externalis, pars clavicularis, and pars scapularis. The pars externalis originates from the lateral border of the omosternum and inserts on the distal portion of the humerus. The pars clavicularis originates from the ventro-lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The pars scapularis originates from the lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010716", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:MEJ"}
xref: UMLS:C0224234

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001477
name: infraspinatus muscle
def: "The Infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. The infraspinatus is a muscle of the rotator cuff. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Infraspinatus_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: The pectoral muscles — the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor — evolved from a primitive muscle sheet that connected the coracoid to the humerus. In late reptilians and early mammals, this muscle structure was displaced dorsally; while most of its components evolved into the pectoralis major, some fibers eventually attached to the scapula and evolved into the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, and parts of the subscapularis.[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "infraspinatus" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:8305 ! infraspinatus
xref: FMA:32546 ! Infraspinatus muscle
xref: VHOG:0000921 ! infraspinatus
xref: MA:0002323 ! infraspinatus
xref: ncithesaurus:Infraspinatus ! Infraspinatus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwVT4_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! infraspinatus muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000826 ! infraspinatus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png
xref: EMAPA:18526 ! infraspinatus
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003683 {source="Wikipedia"} ! rotator cuff
xref: SCTID:277439009 ! Entire infraspinatus
synonym: "musculus infraspinatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Infraspinatus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011187 {source="dbpedia", notes="middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus"} ! greater tubercle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006849 {source="dbpedia", notes="infraspinous fossa of the scapula"} ! scapula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png
xref: UMLS:C0584882

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012118
name: infraspinatus tendon
def: "The infraspinatus muscle inserts at this tendon to the distal greater tubercle of the humerus . This tendon stretches across the shoulder joint to attach to the humerus and in doing so acts as a very strong ligament to hold the joint surface in apposition. This structure restricts the movement of the shoulder joint to flexion and extension (together with the suscapularis tendon and the supraspinatus tendon). A bursa lies under this tendon at the greater tubercle of the humerus. The bursa is lined by a synovial membrance and filled with synovial fluid and protects the infraspinatus tendon and the shoulder joint by allowing the transmissions of tension and sheer forces around an angle." [MURDOCH:963]
synonym: "tendon of infraspinatus muscle" EXACT  [FMA:37076]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001477 ! infraspinatus muscle
relationship: connects UBERON:0001477 ! infraspinatus muscle
relationship: connects UBERON:0011187 ! greater tubercle of humerus
xref: FMA:37076 ! tendon of infraspinatus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012119
name: vinculum tendon of wing
def: "a tendon which emerges from the distal end of the humerus and follows the posterior margin of the wing, attaching at the distal end of digit 2. The raches of the remiges (i.e., the stems of the flight feathers) are stabilized by passing through the vinculum." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryUV.html]
is_a: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000024 ! forelimb wing

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012120
name: vinculum of tendon
def: "Organ component cluster which consists of a tendinous vinculum surrounded by synovial membrane of the synovial tendon sheath. Examples: short vinculum of tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis, long vinculum of tendon of flexor digitorum profundus." [FMA:42604, Wikipedia:Vincula_tendina]
comment: This is not classified as a tendon in FMA
is_a: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
synonym: "tendon vinculum" EXACT  [FMA:42604]
xref: FMA:42604 ! vinculum of tendon
xref: SCTID:360764006  ! Venicula tendinum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012121
name: respiratory velum
def: "a respiratory pump found in basal craniates" [Wikipedia:http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryUV.html]
comment: Muscular scroll-like flap that moves water through median nostril and over gills
synonym: "velum" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000171 ! respiration organ
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7762 ! Myxinidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010467
name: teres muscle
synonym: "teres" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
xref: ncithesaurus:Teres_Muscle ! teres muscle
xref: SCTID:277440006 ! Teres
xref: UMLS:C1515272

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001478
name: teres major muscle
def: "Teres major is a muscle of the upper limb and one of six scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Teres_major_muscle]
synonym: "teres major" EXACT [MA:0002392]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:8321 ! teres major
xref: FMA:32549 ! Teres major
xref: VHOG:0000750 ! teres major
xref: MA:0002392 ! teres major
xref: ncithesaurus:Teres_Major_Muscle ! Teres Major Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJZqBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! teres major muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0002004 ! teres major
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png
xref: EMAPA:19069 ! teres major of skeletal muscle of mesenchyme of upper arm
xref: EMAPA:19110 ! teres major of skeletal muscle of upper arm
is_a: UBERON:0010467 ! teres muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010988 {source="EHDAA2"} ! teres major pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:277444002 ! Entire teres major muscle
synonym: "musculus teres major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Teres_major_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007175 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula"} ! inferior angle of scapula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png
xref: UMLS:C0224232

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010988
name: teres major pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0002005 ! teres major pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010496
name: teres minor muscle
def: "a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff" [Wikipedia:Teres_minor_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0010467 ! teres muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003683 {source="Wikipedia"} ! rotator cuff
xref: ncithesaurus:Teres_Minor_Muscle ! teres minor muscle
xref: FMA:32550 ! teres minor
xref: SCTID:277445001 ! Entire teres minor muscle
synonym: "teres minor" EXACT [FMA:32550]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001493 {source="dbpedia"} ! axillary nerve
synonym: "musculus teres minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Teres_minor_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007173 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral border of the scapula"} ! lateral border of scapula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Gray810.png
xref: UMLS:C0224231

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010911
name: ossicle
def: "Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition." [VSAO:0000132]
comment: Ossicles are composed of a combination skeletal tissues, including bone, calcified cartilage, hyaline cartilage, etc, and exhibit variable development across species. Ossicles are not necessarily jointed, and examples include the menisci of synovial joints, \"Panda's thumb\" (radial sesamoid), cardiac skeletal elements, sclerotic bones, middle ear ossicles, and sesamoids.
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
xref: VSAO:0000132 ! ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011141
name: appendicular ossicle
def: "Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton." [VSAO:0000131]
comment: Examples of appendicular ossicles include the patella and meniscus of the knee joint.
synonym: "ossicle of appendicular skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010911 ! ossicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000131 ! appendicular ossicle
xref: XAO:0004194 ! appendicular ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011142
name: axial ossicle
def: "Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton." [VSAO:0000133]
comment: Examples of axial ossicles include the ossified tendons adjacent to the neural spines of the vertebral column.
synonym: "ossicle of postcranial-axial skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ossicle of axial skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebral ossicle" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010911 ! ossicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000133 ! axial ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013631 ! sesamoid element
name: sesamoid element
def: "Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation." [VSAO:0000137]
synonym: "sesamoid" EXACT [VSAO:0000137]
comment: Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.
is_a: UBERON:0010911 {source="VSAO"} ! ossicle
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0007846 {source="VSAO"} ! dense regular connective tissue
xref: VSAO:0000137 ! sesamoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013632
name: sesamoid cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0013631 ! sesamoid element
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001479
name: sesamoid bone
def: "Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation." [VSAO:0000137, Wikipedia:Sesamoid_bone]
comment: Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.[VSAO]
synonym: "sesamoid" BROAD []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:32672 ! Sesamoid bone
xref: GAID:210 ! sesamoid bone
xref: MA:0001375 ! sesamoid bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Sesamoid_Bone ! Sesamoid Bone
xref: EHDAA2:0003086 ! sesamoid bone
xref: AEO:0000086 ! sesamoid bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray350.png/200px-Gray350.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.730 ! sesamoid bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0013631 ! sesamoid element
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
xref: SCTID:362914002 ! Entire sesamoid bone
xref: galen:SessamoidBone ! sessamoid bone
synonym: "ossa sesamoidea" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Sesamoid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray350.png
xref: UMLS:C0036846

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001482
name: muscle of shoulder
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "shoulder muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:33531 ! Muscle of shoulder
xref: MA:0000633 ! shoulder muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001483
name: skin of shoulder
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a shoulder region." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: Note in MA this is a subclass of forelimb skin, but this violates part-disjointness in Uberon
synonym: "shoulder skin" EXACT []
synonym: "shoulder zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:34830 ! Skin of shoulder
xref: MA:0000635 ! shoulder skin
xref: EMAPA:18059 ! skin of shoulder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
xref: SCTID:244131002 ! Entire skin of shoulder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001484
name: articular capsule
def: "An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Articular_capsule]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fibrous capsule of joint" EXACT []
synonym: "joint capsule" EXACT []
synonym: "joint fibrous capsule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:34836 ! Articular capsule
xref: GAID:263 ! joint capsule
xref: galen:JointCapsule
xref: MA:0001519 ! joint fibrous capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gray299.png/200px-Gray299.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.443 ! joint capsule
is_a: UBERON:0000094 ! membrane organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
synonym: "capsula articularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:34836]
xref: ncithesaurus:Joint_Capsule ! Joint Capsule
xref: SCTID:182238002 ! Entire articular capsule
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "capsulae articulares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Articular_capsule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Joint.png
xref: UMLS:C0206207

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002446
name: patella
def: "A large sesamoid bone found in the distal femur/proximal tibial region of the hindlimb of tetrapods. The patella is the attachment site for proximal hindlimb tendons.[PHENOSCAPE:ad]" [PHENOSCAPE:ad, Wikipedia:Patella, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3470151&group_id=76834]
comment: The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. The primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella has convergently evolved in placental mammals and birds; marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae. In more primitive tetrapods, including living amphibians and reptiles, the muscle tendons from the upper leg are attached directly to the tibia, and the patella is not present. See also: fabella.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "knee bone" RELATED [FMA:24485]
synonym: "knee cap" RELATED [Wikipedia:Patella]
xref: FMA:24485 ! Patella
xref: MA:0001374 ! patella
xref: ncithesaurus:Patella ! Patella
xref: GAID:203 ! patella
xref: galen:Patella ! patella
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg/200px-Knee_diagram.svg.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.624 ! patella
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="FMA"} ! sesamoid bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0000981 ! femur
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001465 ! knee
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001485 ! knee joint
xref: SCTID:182083008 ! Entire patella
synonym: "patella" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Patella]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "patellar" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0030647

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012080
name: patella cartilaginous condensation
comment: Note some sources have this as intramembranous
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002446 ! patella
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0012081 ! patella pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001485 ! knee joint
xref: EMAPA:19140 ! patella cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a patella." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012081
name: patella pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002446 ! patella
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006256 {source="EMAPA"} ! knee joint primordium
xref: EMAPA:18510 ! patella pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a patella." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001487
name: joint of pes
def: "A skeletal joint that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
synonym: "foot joint" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joints of foot" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:71349]
xref: FMA:35194
xref: GAID:256 ! foot joint
xref: MA:0000464 ! foot joint
xref: FMA:71349 ! Set of joints of foot
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.378 ! foot joint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "articulationes pedis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71349]
xref: SCTID:244555001 ! Entire joint of foot
synonym: "set of joints of foot" EXACT [FMA:71349]
synonym: "set of foot joints" EXACT [FMA:71349]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001489
name: manus joint
def: "A skeletal joint that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
synonym: "joint of manus" EXACT []
synonym: "hand joint" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joints of hand" EXACT [FMA:71345]
xref: MA:0000452 ! hand joint
xref: FMA:71345 ! Set of joints of hand
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
synonym: "articulationes manus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71345]
xref: SCTID:244546004 ! Entire joint of hand
synonym: "set of joints of hand" EXACT [FMA:71345]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001490
name: elbow joint
def: "A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol]. In human anatomy, the elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis[HP]." [Wikipedia:Elbow, UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio cubiti" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "cubital region joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of elbow" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:35289 ! Elbow joint
xref: GAID:253 ! elbow joint
xref: galen:ElbowJoint
xref: VHOG:0000997 ! elbow joint
xref: MA:0000451 ! elbow joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Elbow_Joint ! Elbow Joint
xref: EMAPA:19102 ! elbow joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.290 ! elbow joint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001461 ! elbow
xref: SCTID:182169008 ! Entire elbow joint
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006224 {evidence="definitional"} ! elbow joint primordium
xref: UMLS:C0013770

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011110
name: humeroulnar joint
def: "The humeroulnar joint, is part of the elbow-joint or the Olecron Joint, between the ulna and humerus bones is the simple hinge-joint, which allows for movements of flexion, extension and circumduction. The Humero-Ulnar Joint is the junction of trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus. Owing to the obliquity of the trochlea of the humerus, this movement does not take place in the antero-posterior plane of the body of the humerus. When the forearm is extended and supinated, the axis of the arm and forearm are not in the same line; the arm forms an obtuse angle with the forearm. During flexion, however, the forearm and the hand tend to approach the middle line of the body, and thus enable the hand to be easily carried to the face. The accurate adaptation of the trochlea of the humerus, with its prominences and depressions, to the semilunar notch of the ulna, prevents any lateral movement. Flexion is produced by the action of the Biceps brachii and Brachialis, assisted by the Brachioradialis, with a tiny contribution from the muscles arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Extension is produced by the Triceps brachii and AnconC&us, with a tiny contribution from the muscles arising from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, such as the Extensor digitorum communis." [Wikipedia:Humeroulnar_joint]
synonym: "articulatio humeroulnaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "humero-ulnar joint" EXACT  [FMA:38854]
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 {source="FMA"} ! elbow joint
xref: FMA:38854 ! humeroulnar joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray329.png
xref: SCTID:303064006 ! Entire humeroulnar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011111
name: humeroradial joint
def: "The humeroradial joint, the joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus, is a hinge joint. The bony surfaces would of themselves constitute an enarthrosis and allow movement in all directions, were it not for the annular ligament, by which the head of the radius is bound to the radial notch of the ulna, and which prevents any separation of the two bones laterally. It is to the same ligament that the head of the radius owes its security from dislocation, which would otherwise tend to occur, from the shallowness of the cup-like surface on the head of the radius. In fact, but for this ligament, the tendon of the Biceps brachii would be liable to pull the head of the radius out of the joint. The head of the radius is not in complete contact with the capitulum of the humerus in all positions of the joint. The capitulum occupies only the anterior and inferior surfaces of the lower end of the humerus, so that in complete extension a part of the radial head can be plainly felt projecting at the back of the articulation. In full flexion the movement of the radial head is hampered by the compression of the surrounding soft parts, so that the freest rotatory movement of the radius on the humerus (pronation and supination) takes place in semiflexion, in which position the two articular surfaces are in most intimate contact. Flexion and extension of the elbow-joint are limited by the tension of the structures on the front and back of the joint; the limitation of flexion is also aided by the soft structures of the arm and forearm coming into contact." [Wikipedia:Humeroradial_joint]
synonym: "humero-radial joint" EXACT []
synonym: "articulatio humeroradialis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Humeroradial_joint]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 {source="FMA"} ! elbow joint
xref: FMA:38855 ! humeroradial joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray329.png
xref: SCTID:182171008 ! Entire humeroradial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004099
name: joint space of elbow
def: "Joint cavity shared by all the joints of the elbow. The elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis. All three share a joint cavity which is highly sinuated/scalloped/coved. Joint spaces of the elbow summarizes the joint cavity shared by all three adjoining joints of the elbow joint." [HP:0003943]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001490 ! elbow joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 ! elbow joint
synonym: "synovial cavity of elbow joint" EXACT [FMA:38911]
xref: FMA:38911 ! synovial cavity of elbow joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001491
name: wrist joint
def: "A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton." [UBERON:cjm, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=1205376, Wikipedia:Wrist]
comment: AO notes: in FMA this includes radio-carpal and radio-ulnar *ligaments*
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "joint of wrist" EXACT []
synonym: "radiocarpal joint" NARROW INCONSISTENT [FMA:35291]
synonym: "carpal region joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of carpal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: GAID:274 ! wrist joint
xref: MA:0000460 ! wrist joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZD2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Wrist_Joint ! Wrist Joint
xref: galen:WristJoint ! wrist joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZD2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! wrist joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Human_wrist.png/200px-Human_wrist.png
xref: EMAPA:19205 ! radio-carpal joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.959 ! wrist joint
is_a: UBERON:0001489 ! joint of manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
xref: SCTID:182178002 ! Entire wrist joint
xref: UMLS:C1322271

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011968
name: radio-carpal joint
synonym: "articulatio radiocarpea" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Wrist]
synonym: "radiocarpal articulation" EXACT [Wikipedia:Wrist]
synonym: "radiocarpal joint" EXACT []
synonym: "wrist joint" BROAD INCONSISTENT [FMA:35291]
is_a: UBERON:0001491 {source="MA"} ! wrist joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
xref: FMA:35291 ! Wrist joint
xref: MA:0000461 ! radio-carpal joint
xref: SCTID:361839008 ! Entire radiocarpal joint
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a radius bone and connects a carpal skeleton." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001528
name: radio-ulnar joint
def: "A joint that connects the radius and the ulna. Examples: proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints" [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "radioulnar joint" EXACT []
synonym: "radioulnar articulation" RELATED []
synonym: "articulation of the radus and ulna" EXACT []
xref: FMA:38863 ! Radio-ulnar joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlO2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! radioulnar joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Forearm_labeled.png/200px-Forearm_labeled.png
xref: EMAPA:19206 ! radio-ulnar joint
synonym: "radioulnar joint" EXACT  [FMA:38863]
is_a: UBERON:0001491 ! wrist joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
xref: SCTID:264167003 ! Entire radioulnar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001492
name: radial nerve
def: "The radial nerve is a nerve in the human body that supplies the upper limb. It supplies the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm, as well as the associated joints and overlying skin. It originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 &amp; T1. The radial nerve and its branches supply the dorsal muscles, such as triceps brachii, the extrinsic extensors of the wrist and hands, and the cutaneous nerve supply to most of the back of the hand. (The ulnar nerve cutaneously innervates the back of the little finger and adjacent half of the ring finger). The radial nerve divides into a deep branch (which becomes the posterior interosseous nerve), and continues as the superficial branch which goes on to innervate the dorsum (back) of the hand. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Radial_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:5650 ! radial nerve
xref: FMA:37069 ! Radial nerve
xref: GAID:845 ! radial nerve
xref: VHOG:0000896 ! radial nerve
xref: MA:0001171 ! radial nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfk7E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Radial_Nerve ! Radial Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfk7E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! radial nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001584 ! radial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gray818.png/200px-Gray818.png
xref: EMAPA:17278 ! radial nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050.700 ! radial nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001814 ! brachial nerve plexus
xref: SCTID:181011002 ! Entire radial nerve
synonym: "nervus radialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Radial_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Gray818.png
xref: UMLS:C0034518

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001493
name: axillary nerve
def: "The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auxillery nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve]
synonym: "circumflex nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve]
synonym: "nervus axillaris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve]
synonym: "circumflex humeral nerve" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37072 ! Axillary nerve
xref: MA:0001166 ! axillary nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgwMfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Axillary_Nerve ! Axillary Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgwMfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! axillary nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brachial_plexus.jpg/200px-Brachial_plexus.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18802 ! axillary nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 {source="MA"} ! peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 {source="MA"} ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001814 {source="MA"} ! brachial nerve plexus
xref: SCTID:181009006 ! Entire axillary nerve
synonym: "nervus axillaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Brachial_plexus_2.svg
xref: UMLS:C0228885

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001494
name: ulnar nerve
alt_id: UBERON:0005668
def: "In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning, unprotected by muscle or bone), and the only unprotected nerve that does not serve a purely sensory function (those nerves specifically meant to perceive changes in the environment, such as nerves in the skin). This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, supplying the palmar side of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds. One method of injuring the nerve is to strike the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as hitting one's 'funny bone. ' This name is thought to be a pun, based on the sound resemblance between the words 'humerus' and 'humourous' . [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ulnar_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:37319 ! Ulnar nerve
xref: GAID:846 ! ulnar nerve
xref: VHOG:0000922 ! ulnar nerve
xref: MA:0001174 ! ulnar nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Ulnar_Nerve ! Ulnar Nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brachial_plexus.jpg/200px-Brachial_plexus.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17279 ! ulnar nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050.850 ! ulnar nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0002099 ! ulna nerve
xref: EHDAA:5652 ! ulna nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001814 ! brachial nerve plexus
xref: SCTID:181012009 ! Entire ulnar nerve
synonym: "nervus ulnaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ulnar_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Brachial_plexus_2.svg
xref: UMLS:C0041602

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001498
name: muscle of pes
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "foot muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "foot muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hind limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000477
xref: FMA:37369 ! Muscle of foot
xref: MA:0000652 ! foot muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: SCTID:67240005 ! Muscle structure of foot
synonym: "muscle of foot" EXACT [FMA:37369]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001500
name: muscle of manus
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "manus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "manus muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of arm muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of brachial region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of arm muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of brachial region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of arm autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of arm distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of brachial region autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of brachial region distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand muscle" EXACT [MA:0000628]
synonym: "muscle of hand" EXACT [FMA:37372]
xref: FMA:37372 ! muscle of hand
xref: MA:0000628 ! hand muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: SCTID:110540008 ! Muscle structure of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001501
name: lumbrical muscle of manus
def: "The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the manus that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints" [Wikipedia:Lumbricals_of_the_hand]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "musculi lumbricales manus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Lumbricals_of_the_hand]
synonym: "hand lumbrical" EXACT []
synonym: "hand lumbrical muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "hand lumbrical muscle" EXACT [MA:0002316]
synonym: "lumbrical of hand" EXACT [FMA:37385]
xref: FMA:37385 ! lumbrical of hand
xref: MA:0002316 ! hand lumbrical muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001500 ! muscle of manus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001523 ! flexor digitorum profundus
xref: SCTID:181654008 ! Entire lumbrical muscle of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001502
name: interosseous muscle of manus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "manus interosseous muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "hand interosseous muscle" EXACT [MA:0002313]
synonym: "interosseous muscle of hand" EXACT [FMA:37417]
xref: FMA:37417 ! interosseous muscle of hand
xref: MA:0002313 ! hand interosseous muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Interosseous_Muscle ! Hand Interosseous Muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0006508 ! interosseus muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: SCTID:265804003 ! Entire interosseous muscle of hand
def: "An interosseus muscle that is part of a manus." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0224295

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001503
name: dorsal interosseous of manus
def: "The dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals. There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the metacarpals. The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate, with each muscle arising by two heads from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones, but more extensively from the metacarpal bone of the finger into which the muscle is inserted. They are inserted into the bases of the proximal phalanges and into the extensor expansion of the corresponding extensor digitorum tendon. The middle digit has two dorsal interossei insert onto it while the first digit (thumb) and the fifth digit (little finger) have none[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_muscles_(hand)]
synonym: "musculi interossei dorsales manus" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal manus interosseus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal interosseous of hand" EXACT [FMA:37418]
synonym: "dorsal hand interosseus muscle" EXACT [MA:0002314]
xref: FMA:37418 ! dorsal interosseous of hand
xref: MA:0002314 ! dorsal hand interosseus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001502 ! interosseous muscle of hand
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Hand_Interosseous_Muscle ! Dorsal Hand Interosseous Muscle
xref: SCTID:245002007 ! Entire dorsal interosseus muscle of manus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010544 {source="dbpedia"} ! metacarpal skeleton
xref: UMLS:C1744530

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001504
name: lumbrical muscle of pes
def: "The lumbricals are four small skeletal muscles, accessory to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and numbered from the medial side of the pes; they arise from these tendons, as far back as their angles of division, each springing from two tendons, except the first." [Wikipedia:Lumbricals_of_the_foot]
synonym: "pes lumbrical" EXACT []
synonym: "pes lumbrical muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "foot lumbrical muscle" EXACT [MA:0002305]
xref: FMA:37453 ! Lumbrical of foot
xref: MA:0002305 ! foot lumbrical muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001498 ! muscle of pes
xref: SCTID:181715003 ! Entire lumbrical muscle of foot
synonym: "lumbrical of foot" EXACT [FMA:37453]
synonym: "foot lumbrical" EXACT [FMA:37453]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001505
name: coracobrachialis muscle
def: "The Coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and biceps brachii. ) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coracobrachialis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle]
synonym: "coracobrachial" EXACT [MA:0002282]
synonym: "coracobrachialis" EXACT []
synonym: "Pirogoff's aponeurosis" EXACT  [FMA:37664]
xref: FMA:37664 ! Coracobrachialis
xref: MA:0002282 ! coracobrachial
xref: ncithesaurus:Coracobrachialis ! Coracobrachialis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coracobrachialis.png/200px-Coracobrachialis.png
is_a: UBERON:0004255 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb stylopod muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003724 {source="dbpedia"} ! musculocutaneous nerve
synonym: "musculus coracobrachialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006633 {source="dbpedia", notes="coracoid process of scapula"} ! coracoid process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Coracobrachialis.png
xref: SCTID:244980008 ! Entire coracobrachialis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224246

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001506
name: brachialis muscle
def: "The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies just deep of the biceps brachii, and is a synergist that assists the biceps brachii in flexing at the elbow. It makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Casserio's muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "brachialis anticus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle]
synonym: "brachialis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle]
xref: EHDAA:8281 ! brachialis
xref: FMA:37667 ! Brachialis
xref: VHOG:0001026 ! brachialis
xref: MA:0002271 ! brachialis
xref: ncithesaurus:Brachialis ! Brachialis
xref: EHDAA2:0000181 ! brachialis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Brachialis.png/200px-Brachialis.png
xref: EMAPA:19068 ! brachialis of skeletal muscle of mesenchyme of upper arm
xref: EMAPA:19109 ! brachialis of skeletal muscle of upper arm
is_a: UBERON:0001499 ! muscle of arm
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003724 {source="dbpedia"} ! musculocutaneous nerve
synonym: "musculus brachialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010994 {source="dbpedia", notes="coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna"} ! coronoid process of ulna
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior surface of the humerus particularly the distal half of this bone"} ! humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Brachialis.png
xref: SCTID:244982000 ! Entire brachialis muscle
property_value: external_definition "A muscle of the stylopodium, covering the distal half of the humerus and the anterior part of the elbow joint. It functions to flex the zeugopodium. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001026", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/brachialis", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0224240

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001507
name: biceps brachii
def: "A muscle in the forelimb stylopod which in humans has several functions, the most important being to rotate the forearm and to flex the elbow. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "biceps" BROAD [EHDAA2:0000167]
synonym: "biceps brachii muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "biceps brachii %26 brachialis muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "biceps cubiti" RELATED [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "biceps muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
xref: FMA:37670 ! Biceps brachii
xref: MA:0002269 ! biceps brachii
xref: BTO:0003419 ! biceps brachii
xref: VHOG:0000861 ! biceps
xref: EMAPA:19108 ! biceps brachii
xref: EMAPA:19067 ! biceps
xref: EHDAA2:0000167 ! biceps
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Biceps_%28PSF%29.jpg/200px-Biceps_%28PSF%29.jpg
xref: EHDAA:8279 ! biceps
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="MA"} ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003822 {source="OG"} ! forelimb stylopod
xref: ncithesaurus:Biceps ! Biceps
xref: SCTID:265802004 ! Entire biceps brachii
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001509 {source="dbpedia"} ! triceps brachii
synonym: "musculus biceps brachii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001423 {source="dbpedia", notes="radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm"} ! radius bone
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003724 {source="dbpedia", notes="Musculocutaneous nerve"} ! musculocutaneous nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006633 {source="dbpedia", notes="short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle"} ! coracoid process
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010760 {source="dbpedia", notes="short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle"} ! supraglenoid tubercle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Biceps_brachii.png
xref: UMLS:C0559499

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001374
name: biceps femoris
def: "The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Biceps_femoris_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "biceps femoris muscle" EXACT [BTO:0003418]
xref: FMA:22356 ! Biceps femoris
xref: galen:BicepsFemoris
xref: MA:0002270 ! biceps femoris
xref: ncithesaurus:Biceps_Femoris ! Biceps Femoris
xref: BTO:0003418 ! biceps femoris
xref: EFO:0001418 ! biceps femoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG/200px-Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="MA"} ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod
xref: SCTID:181672002 ! Entire biceps femoris muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001377 {source="dbpedia"} ! quadriceps femoris
synonym: "musculus biceps femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Biceps_femoris_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0008775 {source="dbpedia", notes="the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle"} ! proximal epiphysis of fibula
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0009989 {source="dbpedia", notes="the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle"} ! condyle of tibia
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001323 {source="dbpedia", notes="long head: tibial nerveshort head: common peroneal nerve"} ! tibial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0224449

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002463
name: hamstring muscle
def: "In human anatomy, the hamstring refers to one of the three posterior thigh muscles, or to the tendons that make up the borders of the space behind the knee. In modern anatomical contexts, however, they usually refer to the posterior thigh muscles, or the tendons of the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris. In quadrupeds, it refers to the single large tendon found behind the knee or comparable area. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hamstring]
comment: check FMA, singular.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hamstring muscles" EXACT []
synonym: "hamstring muscles set" EXACT []
synonym: "hamstrings" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:8295 ! hamstring
xref: FMA:81022 ! Set of hamstring muscles
xref: VHOG:0000844 ! hamstring
xref: MA:0002312 ! hamstring muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Hamstring ! Hamstring
xref: BTO:0003179 ! hamstring muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hamstring
xref: EHDAA2:0000727 ! hamstring
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG/200px-Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG
xref: EMAPA:19072 ! hamstring of skeletal muscle of mesenchyme of upper leg
xref: EMAPA:19145 ! hamstring of skeletal muscle of upper leg
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia"} ! fibula
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001378 {source="dbpedia"} ! rectus femoris
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001322 {source="dbpedia", notes="sciatic nerve"} ! sciatic nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray1239.png
synonym: "set of hamstring muscles" RELATED [FMA:81022]
synonym: "hamstring" RELATED [VHOG:0000844]
xref: UMLS:C0584895

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001509 ! triceps brachii
name: triceps brachii
def: "The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for 'three-headed' muscle of the arm, it is called a three headed muscle because there are three bundles of muscle, each of different origin, joining together at the elbow) is the large muscle on the back of the human upper limb. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (i.e. straightening of the arm). Though a similarly-named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called simply the 'triceps'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "triceps" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002080]
synonym: "triceps brachii muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "triceps muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle]
xref: FMA:37688 ! Triceps brachii
xref: MA:0002399 ! triceps brachii
xref: VHOG:0000851 ! triceps
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Triceps_brachii.png/200px-Triceps_brachii.png
xref: EMAPA:19070 ! triceps of skeletal muscle of mesenchyme of upper arm
xref: EHDAA2:0002080 ! triceps
xref: EHDAA:8287 ! triceps
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="MA"} ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003822 {source="OG"} ! forelimb stylopod
xref: ncithesaurus:Triceps ! Triceps
xref: ncithesaurus:Triceps_Brachii ! triceps brachii
xref: SCTID:181623009 ! Entire triceps brachii
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001507 {source="dbpedia"} ! biceps brachii
synonym: "musculus triceps brachii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006810 {source="dbpedia", notes="olecranon process of ulna"} ! olecranon
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001492 {source="dbpedia", notes="radial nerve and axillary nerve"} ! radial nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001493 {source="dbpedia", notes="radial nerve and axillary nerve"} ! axillary nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral head: posterior humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006849 {source="dbpedia", notes="long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula"} ! scapula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Triceps_brachii.png
xref: UMLS:C0559502

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001510
name: skin of knee
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "knee skin" EXACT []
synonym: "knee zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of knee" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:37800 ! Skin of knee
xref: MA:0000668 ! knee skin
xref: EMAPA:18151 ! skin of knee
xref: ncithesaurus:Knee_Skin ! Knee Skin
is_a: UBERON:0001419 ! skin of limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001465 ! knee
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001465 ! knee
xref: SCTID:181552001 ! Entire skin of knee
xref: UMLS:C0222275

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001511
name: skin of leg
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "leg skin" EXACT []
synonym: "leg zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:37828 ! Skin of leg
xref: MA:0000674 ! leg skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Leg_Skin ! Leg Skin
xref: EMAPA:18156 ! skin of lower leg (also: UBERON:0004264 'lower leg skin')
xref: EMAPA:18159 ! skin of upper leg (also: UBERON:0004262 'upper leg skin')
is_a: UBERON:0001419 ! skin of limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
xref: UMLS:C0222279

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001512
name: skin of ankle
def: "A zone of skin that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tarsal region skin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "ankle skin" EXACT []
synonym: "ankle zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of ankle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:37831 ! Skin of ankle
xref: MA:0000641 ! ankle skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Ankle_Skin ! Ankle Skin
is_a: UBERON:0001419 ! skin of limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
xref: SCTID:181560000 ! Entire skin of ankle
xref: UMLS:C0222286

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001513
name: skin of pes
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "foot skin" EXACT []
synonym: "foot zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hind limb zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hind-paw" NARROW SENSU [EMAPA:18504]
xref: FMA:37834 ! Skin of foot
xref: MA:0000654 ! foot skin
xref: EMAPA:18504 ! skin of hind-paw
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Skin ! Foot Skin
is_a: UBERON:0003532 {source="MA"} ! hindlimb skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: SCTID:181529000 ! Entire skin of foot
synonym: "skin of foot" EXACT [FMA:37834]
xref: UMLS:C0222289

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005800 ! segment of aorta
name: segment of aorta
synonym: "aortic segment" EXACT [FMA:13087]
xref: FMA:13087 ! segment of aorta
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
xref: ncithesaurus:Aortic_Segment ! Aortic Segment
xref: SCTID:119203005 ! Aorta part
xref: UMLS:C0506947

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001514
name: descending aorta
def: "The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Descending_aorta, GO:0035906]
comment: Development notes: results from fusion of left and right dorsal aortae
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "aorta descendens" RELATED [Wikipedia:Descending_aorta]
synonym: "pars descendens aortae" EXACT  [FMA:3784]
xref: FMA:3784 ! Descending aorta
xref: MA:0002571 ! descending aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4EE35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Descending_Aorta ! Descending Aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4EE35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! descending aorta
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18605 ! descending (also: UBERON:0002345 'descending thoracic aorta')
is_a: UBERON:0005800 {source="FMA"} ! segment of aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000947 {source="FMA"} ! aorta
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005805 {source="Wikipedia"} ! dorsal aorta
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005613 ! left dorsal aorta
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005622 ! right dorsal aorta
xref: SCTID:261399002 ! Entire descending aorta
synonym: "pars descendens aortae, aorta descendens" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Descending_aorta]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg
xref: UMLS:C0011666

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001515
name: thoracic aorta
def: "The thoracic aorta is contained in the posterior mediastinal cavity. It begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra where it is continuous with the aortic arch, and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it becomes the abdominal aorta. At its commencement, it is situated on the left of the vertebral column; it approaches the median line as it descends; and, at its termination, lies directly in front of the column. The vessel describes a curve which is concave forward; as the branches given off from it are small, its diminution in size is insignificant. It has a radius of approximately 1.16 cm. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thoracic part of aorta" EXACT []
synonym: "pars thoracica aortae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta]
synonym: "aorta thoracalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thoracic_aorta]
xref: FMA:3786 ! Thoracic aorta
xref: GAID:471 ! thoracic aorta (also: UBERON:0001508 'arch of aorta')
xref: MA:0002569 ! thoracic aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveb9TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Aorta ! Thoracic Aorta
xref: EFO:0002525 ! thoracic aorta
xref: galen:ThoracicAorta ! thoracic aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveb9TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! thoracic aorta
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray530.png/200px-Gray530.png
xref: BTO:0000157 ! aorta thoracica (also: UBERON:0001508 'arch of aorta')
xref: EMAPA:18603 ! thoracic aorta
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.056.372 ! thoracic aorta
is_a: UBERON:0005800 {source="FMA"} ! segment of aorta
intersection_of: UBERON:0005800 ! segment of aorta
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
xref: SCTID:302510009 ! Entire thoracic aorta
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray530.png
xref: UMLS:C1522460

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001516
name: abdominal aorta
def: "Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta, BTO:0002976]
comment: Editors note: Many of the branches of the abdominal aorta in mammals may be branches of the dorsal aorta in other vertebrates
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "abdominal part of aorta" EXACT  [FMA:3789]
synonym: "descending abdominal aorta" EXACT  [FMA:3789]
synonym: "pars abdominalis aortae" EXACT  [FMA:3789]
synonym: "abdominal part of aorta" RELATED  [BTO:0002976]
synonym: "aorta abdominalis" RELATED  [BTO:0002976]
synonym: "pars abdominalis aortae" RELATED  [BTO:0002976]
xref: FMA:3789 ! Abdominal aorta
xref: GAID:470 ! abdominal aorta
xref: galen:AbdominalAorta
xref: MA:0000474 ! abdominal aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYhWCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Aorta ! Abdominal Aorta
xref: BTO:0002976 ! abdominal aorta
xref: EFO:0002524 ! abdominal aorta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYhWCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! abdominal aorta
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray531.png/200px-Gray531.png
xref: EMAPA:17856 ! abdominal aorta of dorsal aorta of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:18607 ! abdominal aorta of dorsal aorta of aorta
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.056.205 ! abdominal aorta
is_a: UBERON:0005800 ! segment of aorta
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001514 {source="FMA"} ! descending aorta
xref: SCTID:244231007 ! Entire abdominal aorta
synonym: "pars abdominalis aortae, aorta abdominalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png
xref: UMLS:C0003484

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001518
name: skin of wrist
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "wrist skin" EXACT []
synonym: "carpal region zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wrist zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of carpal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of wrist" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:38280 ! Skin of wrist
xref: MA:0000638 ! wrist skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Wrist_Skin ! Wrist Skin
is_a: UBERON:0001419 ! skin of limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
xref: SCTID:181540008 ! Entire skin of wrist
xref: UMLS:C0222223

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001519
name: skin of manus
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "manus skin" EXACT []
synonym: "skin of fore-paw" NARROW SENSU [EMAPA:18486]
synonym: "skin of hand" EXACT [FMA:38295]
synonym: "hand skin" EXACT [MA:0000630]
xref: FMA:38295 ! skin of hand
xref: MA:0000630 ! hand skin
xref: EMAPA:18486 ! skin of fore-paw
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Skin ! Hand Skin
is_a: UBERON:0001419 ! skin of limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: SCTID:181527003 ! Entire skin of hand
xref: UMLS:C0222224

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001520
name: pronator teres
def: "The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle]
synonym: "pronator teres muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:38450 ! Pronator teres
xref: MA:0002357 ! pronator teres
xref: ncithesaurus:Pronator_Teres ! Pronator Teres
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pronator-teres.png/200px-Pronator-teres.png
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
xref: SCTID:302514000 ! Entire pronator teres
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001148 {source="dbpedia"} ! median nerve
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0003228 {source="dbpedia"} ! supinator
synonym: "musculus pronator teres" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001028 {source="dbpedia", notes="Middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius"} ! diaphysis of radius
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006806 {source="dbpedia", notes="humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna"} ! medial epicondyle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010994 {source="dbpedia", notes="humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna"} ! coronoid process of ulna
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Pronator-teres.png
xref: UMLS:C0224249

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007657
name: anular ligament of radius
def: "The anular ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius (bone), and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna" [Wikipedia:Anular_ligament_of_radius]
synonym: "annular ligament of radius" EXACT  [FMA:38872]
synonym: "orbicular ligament of radius" EXACT  [FMA:38872]
synonym: "anular ligament" BROAD [EMAPA:19322]
synonym: "anular ligament" BROAD [EMAPA:19322]
xref: FMA:38872 ! annular ligament of radius
xref: EMAPA:19322 ! annular ligament
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 {source="FMA"} ! elbow joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007165 {source="FMA"} ! proximal radio-ulnar joint
synonym: "ligamentum anulare radii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:38872]
xref: SCTID:182394000 ! Entire annular ligament of radius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007679
name: intersegmental vein
def: "a vein receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary vein[web]. Primary intersegmental vessels that are contacted by secondary angiogenic sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein and take on the characteristics of veins.  These eventually link with other secondary sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein to form the parachordal vessel[ZFA]." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-030908-4, http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=97310]
synonym: "ISV" BROAD  [ZFA:0001057]
synonym: "intersegmental pulmonary vein" EXACT [FMA:76965]
synonym: "segmental vein" RELATED [EMAPA:26056]
xref: FMA:76965 ! intersegmental pulmonary vein
xref: ZFA:0001057 ! intersegmental vein
xref: EMAPA:26056 ! intersegmental vein
is_a: UBERON:0002016 {source="FMA"} ! pulmonary vein
xref: SCTID:361448009 ! Intersegmental vein
xref: TAO:0001057 ! intersegmental vein
property_value: external_definition "Primary intersegmental vessels that are contacted by secondary angiogenic sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein and take on the characteristics of veins.  These eventually link with other secondary sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein to form the parachordal vessel. Isogai et al. 2003.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001057", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass intersegmental vessel (TAO:0001285)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001057", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007204 ! brachiocephalic vasculature
name: brachiocephalic vasculature
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003711 ! brachiocephalic vein
name: brachiocephalic vein
def: "The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava." [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein]
synonym: "innomiate vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein]
synonym: "innominate trunk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein]
synonym: "innominate vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein]
synonym: "innominate veins" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein]
synonym: "vena brachiocephalica" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein]
synonym: "brachiocephalic venous tree" EXACT [FMA:4723]
synonym: "innominate vein" RELATED [GAID:529]
synonym: "innominate vein" EXACT [FMA:4723]
xref: FMA:4723 ! Brachiocephalic vein
xref: GAID:529 ! brachiocephalic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Innominate_Vein ! Innominate Vein
xref: EHDAA:9868 ! brachiocephalic vein
xref: galen:BrachiocephalicVein ! brachiocephalic vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvz3aUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! innominate vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000182 ! brachiocephalic vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.130 ! brachiocephalic vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007204 ! brachiocephalic vasculature
xref: SCTID:181371003 ! Entire brachiocephalic vein
synonym: "vena brachiocephalica, venae anonymæ" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png
xref: UMLS:C0006095

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001529
name: brachiocephalic artery
def: "The brachiocephalic artery (or brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery) is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck. It is the first branch of the aortic arch, and soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. There is no brachiocephalic artery for the left side of the body. The left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery, come directly off the aortic arch. However, there are two brachiocephalic veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "brachiocephalic trunk" EXACT [MA:0001922]
synonym: "innominate artery" EXACT []
synonym: "innominate" BROAD  []
synonym: "truncus brachiocephalicus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:3932]
xref: FMA:3932 ! Brachiocephalic artery
xref: GAID:476 ! brachiocephalic trunk
xref: MA:0001922 ! brachiocephalic trunk
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9mMTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Innominate_Artery ! Innominate Artery
xref: EFO:0002550 ! brachiocephalic artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9mMTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! brachiocephalic artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
xref: EHDAA2:0000835 ! innominate
xref: EMAPA:17615 ! innominate artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.145 ! brachiocephalic trunk
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007204 ! brachiocephalic vasculature
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001508 ! arch of aorta
xref: galen:BrachioCephalicArtery
xref: SCTID:244244002 ! Entire brachiocephalic artery
synonym: "truncus brachiocephalicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg
xref: UMLS:C0006094

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010198
name: carotid duct
def: "a portion of the embryonic dorsal aorta between points of juncture with the third and fourth arch arteries; it disappears early in development." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=ductus+caroticus]
comment: In amphibians, closes at metamorphosis[Kardong]
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0003120 ! aortic arch 3
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0003121 ! aortic arch 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005805 ! dorsal aorta
xref: EMAPA:17006 ! ductus caroticus
synonym: "ductus caroticus" EXACT [EMAPA:17006]
xref: SCTID:340062006 ! Entire carotid duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005396 ! carotid artery segment
name: carotid artery segment
def: "One of: the common carotid artery, or its branches, the external and internal carotid arteries." [Wikipedia:Carotid_artery, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486870&group_id=76834&atid=994764]
comment: Editor/usage notes: This is a generic grouping class that is the superclass of the trunks/branches of the common carotid artery. Note that AOs vary widely in how they divide up and generalize arteries
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "carotid artery" EXACT [MA:0001925]
synonym: "subdivision of common carotid artery" EXACT [FMA:70504]
xref: MA:0001925 ! carotid artery
xref: BTO:0000168
xref: EFO:0000818 ! carotid artery
xref: EHDAA:6385 ! carotid artery
xref: GAID:478 ! carotid artery
xref: MAT:0000501 ! carotid artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000097 ! carotid artery
xref: ZFA:0000097 ! carotid artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Carotid_Artery ! Carotid Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! carotid artery
xref: VHOG:0000266 ! carotid artery
xref: galen:CarotidArtery
xref: EMAPA:18609 ! carotid artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.186 ! carotid artery
xref: EV:0100379 ! carotid artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 {source="FMA"} ! systemic artery
xref: SCTID:69105007 ! Carotid artery structure
xref: SCTID:362040006 ! Entire carotid artery
xref: FMA:70504 ! subdivision of common carotid artery
property_value: external_definition "Artery originating at the junction of the first two aortic arches and supplying the anterior brain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000097", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "common carotid arterial subdivision" RELATED [FMA:70504]
xref: UMLS:C0007272

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010197
name: trunk of common carotid artery
def: "The initial part of the entire common carotid artery ending with the point where the artery bifurcates into an external carotid artery and an internal carotid artery." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "common carotid arterial trunk" EXACT  [FMA:69323]
synonym: "common carotid artery" RELATED INCONSISTENT [EHDAA2:0000306]
is_a: UBERON:0005396 ! carotid artery segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001530 {source="FMA"} ! common carotid artery
xref: FMA:69323 ! trunk of common carotid artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000306 ! common carotid artery
xref: EMAPA:18610 ! common of carotid artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001530
name: common carotid artery plus branches
def: "A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]." [Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery]
comment: Editor notes: we follow the FMA and treat the artery as a tree-structure - here we include the internal and external as parts. For the part that excludes the branches, see 'trunk of common carotid artery'. Development notes: in birds and reptiles, develops from arch III and parts of ventral and dorsal aortae
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "common carotid artery" EXACT INCONSISTENT [FMA:3939]
synonym: "carotid artery" BROAD [FMA:3939]
synonym: "trunk of common carotid tree" EXACT [FMA:3939]
synonym: "carotid artery system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000217]
xref: EHDAA:7331 ! common carotid artery
xref: FMA:3939 ! Common carotid artery
xref: GAID:479 ! common carotid artery
xref: VHOG:0000272 ! common carotid artery
xref: MA:0001926 ! common carotid artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000217 ! carotid artery system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17855 ! common carotid artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.186.200 ! common carotid artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 {source="FMA"} ! systemic artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004363 {source="Wikipedia"} ! aortic arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Common_Carotid_Artery ! Common Carotid Artery
xref: SCTID:362041005 ! Entire common carotid artery
synonym: "a. carotis communis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg
xref: UMLS:C0162859

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001536
name: left common carotid artery plus branches
comment: Editor notes: placement of the MA class here is not strictly correct, as the MA class does not include the branches
def: "In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Left_common_carotid_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:4058 ! Left common carotid artery
xref: MA:0001927 ! left common carotid artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdz4xcLVIEduAAAAOpmP6tw
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Common_Carotid_Artery ! Left Common Carotid Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdz4xcLVIEduAAAAOpmP6tw ! left common carotid artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! left common carotid artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
synonym: "trunk of left common carotid tree" EXACT  [FMA:4058]
is_a: UBERON:0001530 {source="FMA"} ! common carotid artery plus branches
xref: SCTID:362043008 ! Entire left common carotid artery
synonym: "left common carotid artery" RELATED [FMA:4058]
synonym: "left common carotid artery" EXACT [MA:0001927]
xref: UMLS:C0226087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001531
name: right common carotid artery plus branches
comment: Editor notes: placement of the MA class here is not strictly correct, as the MA class does not include the branches
def: "In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Right_common_carotid_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "trunk of right common carotid tree" EXACT  [FMA:3941]
is_a: UBERON:0001530 {source="FMA"} ! common carotid artery plus branches
xref: FMA:3941 ! Right common carotid artery
xref: MA:0001928 ! right common carotid artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW9-AqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Common_Carotid_Artery ! Right Common Carotid Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW9-AqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! right common carotid artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right common carotid artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0001530 ! common carotid artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001529 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", source="FMA"} ! brachiocephalic artery
xref: SCTID:362042003 ! Entire right common carotid artery
synonym: "right common carotid artery" RELATED [FMA:3941]
synonym: "right common carotid artery" EXACT [MA:0001928]
xref: UMLS:C0226086

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001532
name: internal carotid artery
def: "In human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the brain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ICA" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA:408 ! internal carotid artery
xref: EHDAA:6389 ! internal carotid artery
xref: FMA:3947 ! Internal carotid artery
xref: GAID:481 ! internal carotid artery
xref: VHOG:0000267 ! internal carotid artery
xref: MA:0001930 ! internal carotid artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYx8KZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0005081 ! internal carotid artery
xref: XAO:0000366 ! internal carotid artery
xref: ZFA:0005081 ! internal carotid artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Carotid_Artery ! Internal Carotid Artery
xref: EFO:0001952 ! internal carotid artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYx8KZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! internal carotid artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000873 ! internal carotid artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray513.png/200px-Gray513.png
xref: BTO:0004697 ! internal carotid artery
xref: EMAPA:16328 ! internal carotid artery
xref: EMAPA:18612 ! internal of carotid artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.186.200.230 ! internal carotid artery
is_a: UBERON:0005396 {source="MA"} ! carotid artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001530 {source="FMA"} ! common carotid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001530 {source="FMA"} ! common carotid artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004363 {source="Wikipedia"} ! aortic arch
xref: AAO:0011054 ! internal carotid artery
xref: SCTID:362045001 ! Entire internal carotid artery
synonym: "arteria carotis interna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray513.png
property_value: external_definition "One of the major arteries of the head, it is the as the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by stage NF stage 41.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011054", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="PMID:12606281"}
property_value: external_definition "Each of two arteries starting at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries through which blood circulates to many structures and organs in the head. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000267", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Internal+carotid+artery", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0007276

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007142
name: left internal carotid artery
synonym: "arteria caritis interna sinistra" EXACT [FMA:4062]
xref: FMA:4062 ! Left internal carotid artery
xref: EMAPA:16329 ! left internal carotid artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001532 ! internal carotid artery
intersection_of: branch_of UBERON:0001536 ! left common carotid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001536 ! left common carotid artery
xref: SCTID:161452006 ! Entire left internal carotid artery
def: "An internal carotid artery that branch_of a left common carotid artery plus branches." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007143
name: right internal carotid artery
synonym: "arteria carotis interna dextra" EXACT [FMA:3949]
xref: FMA:3949 ! Right internal carotid artery
xref: EMAPA:16330 ! right internal carotid artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001532 ! internal carotid artery
intersection_of: branch_of UBERON:0001531 ! right common carotid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001531 ! right common carotid artery
xref: SCTID:161251001 ! Entire right internal carotid artery
def: "An internal carotid artery that branch_of a right common carotid artery plus branches." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001070
name: external carotid artery
def: "In human anatomy, the external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it bifurcates into the external and internal carotid artery." [Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486863&group_id=76834&atid=1127722]
comment: Taxon notes: not homologous to the external carotid of zebrafish (Goodrich, 1958) - http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html; check XAO
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:10635 ! External carotid artery
xref: GAID:480 ! external carotid artery
xref: VHOG:0000265 ! external carotid artery
xref: MA:0001929 ! external carotid artery
xref: XAO:0000345 ! external carotid artery
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Carotid_Artery ! External Carotid Artery
xref: EFO:0001953 ! external carotid artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwVJkPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! external carotid artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000461 ! external carotid artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/External_carotid_a.gif/200px-External_carotid_a.gif
xref: BTO:0004696 ! external carotid artery
xref: EMAPA:18611 ! external of carotid artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.186.200.210 ! external carotid artery
is_a: UBERON:0005396 {source="MA"} ! carotid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001530 ! common carotid artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001530 {source="FMA"} ! common carotid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001530 {source="FMA"} ! common carotid artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001530 {source="EHDAA2"} ! common carotid artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004363 ! aortic arch
xref: AAO:0010416 ! external carotid artery
xref: SCTID:362044002 ! Entire external carotid artery
synonym: "arteria carotis externa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/External_carotid_a.gif
xref: UMLS:C0007275

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001533
name: subclavian artery
def: "One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta" [Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery, ISBN10:0073040584, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editors notes: Developmental relationships should be added (intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta in EHDAA2, occipitovertebral artery in XAO)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: unverified_taxonomic_grouping
synonym: "arterial tree of upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "PA" RELATED []
synonym: "pectoral artery" EXACT []
synonym: "subclavian arterial tree" EXACT []
synonym: "arteria subclavia" EXACT [XAO:0000365]
xref: EHDAA:4357 ! subclavian artery
xref: FMA:3951 ! Subclavian artery
xref: GAID:511 ! subclavian artery
xref: MA:0002045 ! subclavian artery
xref: TAO:0005086 ! pectoral artery
xref: ZFA:0005086 ! pectoral artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Subclavian_Artery ! Subclavian Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! subclavian artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001933 ! subclavian artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17617 ! subclavian artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.839 ! subclavian artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
xref: AAO:0010232 ! subclavian artery
xref: SCTID:265790007 ! Entire subclavian artery
xref: XAO:0000365 ! arteria subclavia
synonym: "arteria subclavia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg
property_value: external_definition "Artery which supplies blood via branches to the various muscles of the shoulder region and to the forelimb.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010232", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and  takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch.  Kimmel et al. 1993[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005086", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP]" xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery"}
xref: UMLS:C0038530

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001584
name: left subclavian artery
def: "In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:4694 ! Left subclavian artery
xref: MA:0002046 ! left subclavian artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hw6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Subclavian_Artery ! Left Subclavian Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hw6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! left subclavian artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! left subclavian artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0001533 ! subclavian artery
xref: SCTID:244245001 ! Entire left subclavian artery
xref: UMLS:C0226262

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001534
name: right subclavian artery
def: "In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:3953 ! Right subclavian artery
xref: MA:0002047 ! right subclavian artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hwqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Subclavian_Artery ! Right Subclavian Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hwqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! right subclavian artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right subclavian artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0001533 {source="FMA"} ! subclavian artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001529 {source="FMA"} ! brachiocephalic artery
xref: SCTID:244246000 ! Entire right subclavian artery
xref: EHDAA2:0004514 ! subclavian artery right
xref: UMLS:C0226261

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007718 ! principal artery to limb
name: principal artery to limb
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006436
name: principal artery to forelimb
synonym: "7th cervical intersegmental artery" RELATED [EMAPA:16811]
synonym: "axial artery of forelimb" RELATED [EMAPA:16811]
xref: MA:0002024 ! principal artery to forelimb
xref: EMAPA:16811 ! principal artery to forelimb
is_a: UBERON:0007718 ! principal artery to limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006438
name: principal artery to hindlimb
xref: MA:0002025 ! principal artery to hindlimb
xref: EMAPA:16812 ! principal artery to hindlimb
is_a: UBERON:0007718 ! principal artery to limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001535
name: vertebral artery
def: "The vertebral arteries are branches of the subclavian arteries. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vertebral_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: EHDAA:5328 ! vertebral artery
xref: FMA:3956 ! Vertebral artery
xref: GAID:518 ! vertebral artery
xref: VHOG:0000263 ! vertebral artery
xref: MA:0002077 ! vertebral artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg_ir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0005033 ! vertebral artery
xref: ZFA:0005033 ! vertebral artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Artery ! Vertebral Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg_ir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebral artery
xref: EHDAA2:0002192 ! vertebral artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Vertebral_artery.png/200px-Vertebral_artery.png
xref: EMAPA:17314 ! vertebral artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.955 ! vertebral artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001533 ! subclavian artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:181323003 ! Entire vertebral artery
synonym: "arteria vertebralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vertebral_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Vertebral_artery.png
xref: UMLS:C0042559

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007610 ! tibial artery
name: tibial artery
def: "The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and pes. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot." [MESH:A07.231.114.895]
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.895 ! tibial artery
xref: MA:0002067 ! tibial artery
xref: GAID:514 ! tibial artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MESH"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibial_Artery ! Tibial Artery
xref: SCTID:181351007 ! Tibial artery
xref: UMLS:C0085427

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001537
name: anterior tibial artery
def: "The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:43894 ! Anterior tibial artery
xref: MA:0002574 ! anterior tibial artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaHcEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Tibial_Artery ! Anterior Tibial Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaHcEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! anterior tibial artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray1247.png/200px-Gray1247.png
is_a: UBERON:0007610 ! tibial artery
xref: SCTID:181357006 ! Entire anterior tibial artery
synonym: "arteria tibialis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray1247.png
xref: UMLS:C0085816

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001538
name: posterior tibial artery
def: "The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:43895 ! Posterior tibial artery
xref: MA:0002575 ! posterior tibial artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Tibial_Artery ! Posterior Tibial Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwLSaQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! posterior tibial artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray1247.png/200px-Gray1247.png
is_a: UBERON:0007610 ! tibial artery
xref: SCTID:181358001 ! Entire posterior tibial artery
synonym: "arteria tibialis posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray1247.png
xref: UMLS:C0086835

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001539
name: dorsalis pedis artery
def: "In human anatomy, the dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal artery of foot), is a blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsalis_pedis_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal artery of foot" EXACT []
xref: FMA:43915 ! Dorsalis pedis artery
xref: galen:DorsalisPedisArtery
xref: MA:0001942 ! dorsal artery of foot
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsalis_Pedis_Artery ! Dorsalis Pedis Artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
synonym: "arteria dorsalis pedis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:43915]
xref: SCTID:181362007 ! Entire dorsalis pedis artery
synonym: "arteria dorsalis pedis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsalis_pedis_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray553.png
xref: UMLS:C0226492

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001540
name: peroneal artery
def: "In anatomy, the fibular artery (also known as the peroneal artery) supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Peroneal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fibular artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:43921 ! Peroneal artery
xref: MA:0002018 ! peroneal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Peroneal_Artery ! Peroneal Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwSO_s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! peroneal artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fibular_artery.png/200px-Fibular_artery.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001538 ! posterior tibial artery
synonym: "arteria fibularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:43921]
xref: SCTID:181359009 ! Entire peroneal artery
xref: UMLS:C0226476

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001541
name: medial plantar artery
def: "The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_plantar_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:43925 ! Medial plantar artery
xref: MA:0001997 ! medial plantar artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Medial_Plantar_Artery ! Medial Plantar Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray555.png/200px-Gray555.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001538 ! posterior tibial artery
xref: SCTID:181360004 ! Entire medial plantar artery
synonym: "a. plantaris medialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_plantar_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray555.png
xref: UMLS:C0226479

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001542
name: inguinal lymph node
def: "A lymph node in the inguinal region." [Wikipedia:Inguinal_lymph_node]
comment: TODO - superficial/deep
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:44226 ! Inguinal lymph node
xref: MA:0000737 ! inguinal lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Inguinal_Lymph_Node ! Inguinal Lymph Node
is_a: UBERON:0003968 {source="CL:tm"} ! peripheral lymph node
xref: SCTID:181762005 ! Entire inguinal lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0729596

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001543
name: popliteal lymph node
def: "The popliteal lymph nodes, small in size and some six or seven in number, are imbedded in the fat contained in the popliteal fossa. One lies immediately beneath the popliteal fascia, near the terminal part of the small saphenous vein, and drains the region from which this vein derives its tributaries. Another is placed between the popliteal artery and the posterior surface of the knee-joint; it receives the lymphatic vessels from the knee-joint together with those which accompany the genicular arteries. The others lie at the sides of the popliteal vessels, and receive as efferents the trunks which accompany the anterior and posterior tibial vessels. The efferents of the popliteal glands pass almost entirely alongside the femoral vessels to the deep inguinal glands, but a few may accompany the great saphenous vein, and end in the glands of the superficial subinguinal group. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Popliteal_lymph_node]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:44227 ! Popliteal lymph node
xref: MA:0000738 ! popliteal lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Popliteal_Lymph_Node ! Popliteal Lymph Node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray609.png/200px-Gray609.png
is_a: UBERON:0003968 {source="CL:tm"} ! peripheral lymph node
xref: SCTID:279156002 ! Entire popliteal lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0588057

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001544
name: popliteal vein
def: "The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:44327 ! Popliteal vein
xref: GAID:537 ! popliteal vein
xref: MA:0002197 ! popliteal vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8Ch-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Popliteal_Vein ! Popliteal Vein
xref: galen:PoplitealVein ! popliteal vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8Ch-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! popliteal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray609.png/200px-Gray609.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.641 ! popliteal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001465 ! knee
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001361 {source="FMA/obol"} ! femoral vein
xref: SCTID:281065001 ! Entire popliteal vein
synonym: "vena poplitea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray609.png
xref: UMLS:C0032652

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010370
name: tibial vein
def: "One of the veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tibial+vein]
synonym: "vena tibialis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="MA"} ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
xref: MA:0002243 ! tibial vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibial_Vein ! Tibial Vein
xref: UMLS:C0447138

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001545
name: anterior tibial vein
def: "In human anatomy, the anterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:44331 ! Anterior tibial vein
xref: galen:AnteriorTibialVein
xref: MA:0002244 ! anterior tibial vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYDl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Tibial_Vein ! Anterior Tibial Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYDl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! anterior tibial vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gray440_color.png/200px-Gray440_color.png
is_a: UBERON:0010370 {source="MA"} ! tibial vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001361 {source="FMA/obol"} ! femoral vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="FMA/obol"} ! popliteal vein
xref: SCTID:281066000 ! Entire anterior tibial vein
synonym: "venae tibiales anteriores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Gray440_color.png
xref: UMLS:C0226833

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001546
name: posterior tibial vein
def: "In anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:44332 ! Posterior tibial vein
xref: MA:0002245 ! posterior tibial vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Tibial_Vein ! Posterior Tibial Vein
xref: galen:PosteriorTibialVein ! posterior tibial vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwA9GD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! posterior tibial vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray583.png/200px-Gray583.png
is_a: UBERON:0010370 {source="MA"} ! tibial vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001361 {source="FMA/obol"} ! femoral vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="FMA/obol"} ! popliteal vein
xref: SCTID:281067009 ! Entire posterior tibial vein
synonym: "venae tibiales posteriores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray583.png
xref: UMLS:C0226832

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001548
name: lateral marginal vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lateral marginal vein of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "vena marginalis lateralis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:44359 ! Lateral marginal vein
xref: MA:0002160 ! lateral marginal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001361 {source="FMA/obol"} ! femoral vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="FMA/obol"} ! popliteal vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001547 {source="FMA/obol"} ! small saphenous vein
synonym: "vena marginalis lateralis pedis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:44359]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001549
name: dorsal metatarsal vein
def: "The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "metatarsal vein" EXACT []
xref: FMA:44377 ! Dorsal metatarsal vein
xref: MA:0002105 ! dorsal metatarsal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Metatarsal_Vein ! Dorsal Metatarsal Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001361 {source="FMA/obol"} ! femoral vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="FMA/obol"} ! popliteal vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001547 {source="FMA/obol"} ! small saphenous vein
synonym: "venae metatarsales dorsales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins]
xref: UMLS:C0835053

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001550
name: medial marginal vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "medial marginal vein of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "vena marginalis medialis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:44420 ! Medial marginal vein
xref: MA:0002171 ! medial marginal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001363 {source="FMA/obol"} ! great saphenous vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001361 {source="FMA/obol"} ! femoral vein
synonym: "vena marginalis medialis pedis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:44420]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001551
name: vein of hindlimb zeugopod
comment: Terminology notes: The term "sural veins" is not sufficient to appropriately designate the complex venous system of the calf. This should be designated as soleal veins (venae solealis), the veins of the soleus muscle and gastrocnemius veins (venae gastrocnemii)[http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php]
synonym: "sural vein" EXACT [FMA:44561]
xref: FMA:44561 ! Sural vein
xref: MA:0002231 ! sural vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: drains UBERON:0001665 ! triceps surae
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="FMA"} ! popliteal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013142
name: soleal vein
def: "A vein that drains the soleus" [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of soleus muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "soleus vein" EXACT  []
synonym: "vena solealis" EXACT LATIN []
xref: SCTID:397427005 ! Soleal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001551 {source="cjm"} ! sural vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0001389 ! soleus muscle
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="cjm"} ! popliteal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013143
name: gastrocnemius vein
def: "A vein that drains the gastrocnemius" [OBOL:automatic]
comment: divided in medial gastrocnemius vein (vena medialis gastrocnemii), lateral gastrocnemius vein (vena lateralis gastrocnemii), and intergemellar vein (Vena intergemellaris), the vein ascending between the two heads of the gastrocnemius[http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php]
synonym: "vein of gastrocnemius muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "vena gastrocnemii" EXACT LATIN []
xref: SCTID:264481007 ! Gastrocnemius vein
is_a: UBERON:0001551 {source="cjm"} ! sural vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0001388 ! gastrocnemius
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="cjm"} ! popliteal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013144
name: vein of genicular venous plexus
synonym: "genicular vein" RELATED [FMA:44559]
comment: The term genicular venous plexus (plexus venosus genicularis) should replace the term genicular veins. At the knee, deep veins do not correspond exactly to the branches of the popliteal artery (articular arteries). They are arranged in a complex plexus of interconnecting veins.[http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php]
xref: FMA:44559 ! genicular vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001465 ! knee
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001544 {source="FMA"} ! popliteal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001552
name: arcuate artery
def: "One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries." [MP:0011315, Wikipedia:Arcuate_artery_of_the_foot]
synonym: "kidney arcuate artery" EXACT [MP:0011315]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:44594 ! Arcuate artery
xref: MA:0002583 ! arcuate artery
xref: EMAPA:28215 ! arcuate artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
xref: SCTID:244331005 ! Entire arcuate artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray553.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001553
name: medial tarsal artery
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:44598 ! Medial tarsal artery
xref: MA:0001998 ! medial tarsal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Medial_Tarsal_Artery ! Medial Tarsal Artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:67925000 ! Entire medial tarsal artery
xref: UMLS:C0226495

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001554
name: skin of hip
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a hip region." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: AO notes: in MA this isa hindlimb skin
synonym: "hip skin" EXACT []
synonym: "hip region zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of hip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:45282 ! Skin of hip
xref: MA:0000658 ! hip skin
xref: EMAPA:18148 ! skin of hip
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001464 ! hip
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001464 ! hip
xref: SCTID:181518004 ! Entire skin of hip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001556
name: lower urinary tract
def: "Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra." [FMA:45659]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:45659 ! Lower urinary tract
xref: MA:0002636 ! lower urinary tract
xref: galen:LowerUrinaryTract ! lower urinary tract
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
xref: SCTID:181420004 ! Entire lower urinary tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011143
name: upper urinary tract
def: "Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters." [FMA:45658]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 {source="FMA"} ! excretory system
xref: FMA:45658 ! upper urinary tract
xref: galen:UpperUrinaryTract ! upper urinary tract
xref: SCTID:181413006 ! Entire upper urinary tract
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001008 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! excretory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001557
name: upper respiratory tract
def: "Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Upper_respiratory_tract, FMA:FMA]
comment: Some specify that the glottis (vocal cords) is the defining line between the upper and lower respiratory tracts;[2] yet even others make the line at the cricoid cartilage.[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:45661 ! Upper respiratory tract
xref: VHOG:0000406 ! upper respiratory tract
xref: MA:0000442 ! upper respiratory tract
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtT2HwgJMEdyAAADggVbxzQ
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtT2HwgJMEdyAAADggVbxzQ ! upper respiratory tract
xref: EHDAA2:0002136 ! upper respiratory tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17669 ! upper of respiratory tract
is_a: UBERON:0000072 ! segment of respiratory tract
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001558 ! lower respiratory tract
xref: SCTID:361381009 ! Entire upper respiratory tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001558
name: lower respiratory tract
def: "The segment of respiratory tract from the trachea to the lungs[WP,modified]" [Wikipedia:Lower_respiratory_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:45662 ! Lower respiratory tract
xref: VHOG:0000382 ! lower respiratory tract
xref: MA:0000435 ! lower respiratory tract
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g ! lower respiratory tract
xref: EHDAA2:0001036 ! lower respiratory tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg
xref: EMAPA:16738 ! lower of respiratory tract
is_a: UBERON:0000072 ! segment of respiratory tract
xref: SCTID:281488008 ! Entire lower respiratory tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007196 ! tracheobronchial tree
alt_id: UBERON:0004102
name: tracheobronchial tree
def: "the structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells." [Wikipedia:Tracheobronchial_tree]
xref: FMA:7393 ! tracheobronchial tree
synonym: "tracheobronchial system" RELATED [HP:0005607]
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001558 ! lower respiratory tract
relationship: has_part UBERON:0007592 {source="Wikipedia"} ! ciliated columnar epithelium
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
xref: SCTID:361384001 ! Entire tracheobronchial tree
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001559
name: obsolete head of organ
comment: incorrect grouping
synonym: "organ head" EXACT []
synonym: "head organ" EXACT [MA:0000581]
consider: FMA:45729 ! Head of organ
consider: MA:0000581 ! head organ
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001560
name: neck of organ
synonym: "organ neck" EXACT []
xref: FMA:45733 ! Neck of organ
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001561
name: subcostal artery
def: "The subcostal arteries, so named because they lie below the last ribs, constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subcostal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:4613 ! Subcostal artery
xref: MA:0002048 ! subcostal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Subcostal_Artery ! Subcostal Artery
xref: EMAPA:19097 ! subcostal artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
xref: SCTID:244243008 ! Entire subcostal artery
xref: UMLS:C0226293

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010938
name: muscle belly
synonym: "belly of muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "belly" BROAD  [FMA:9719]
synonym: "venter" BROAD LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001630 {source="FMA"} ! muscle organ
xref: FMA:9719 ! muscle belly
xref: STID:29823001 ! Belly of skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010940
name: belly of digastric
synonym: "digastric belly" EXACT  [FMA:46297]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010938 ! muscle belly
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001562 ! digastric
xref: FMA:46297 ! belly of digastric
xref: SCTID:360772008 ! Muscle belly of digastric
def: "A muscle belly that is part of a digastric muscle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010943
name: anterior belly of digastric
synonym: "venter anterior (musculus digastricus)" EXACT  [FMA:46302]
synonym: "anterior belly of digastric muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior digastric muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior digastric" EXACT  []
synonym: "digastric, anterior" EXACT  [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "digastricus anterior" EXACT  []
synonym: "digastricus, venter rostralis" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0010940 ! belly of digastric
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001645 {source="Wikipedia", notes="mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve"} ! trigeminal nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0011322 {source="Wikipedia", notes="mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve"} ! mylohyoid nerve
xref: FMA:46302 ! anterior belly of digastric
xref: SCTID:141804004 ! Entire anterior belly of digastric muscle
property_value: external_definition "The anterior digastric is a pharyngeal arch I muscle that participates in oral/pharygeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid and superficial to mylohyoid muscle, and lacks the midline raphe.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010944
name: posterior belly of digastric
synonym: "posterior belly of digastric muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "digastric, posterior" EXACT  [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "digastricus posterior" EXACT  []
synonym: "m. digastricus posterior" EXACT  []
synonym: "digastricus, venter caudalis" EXACT  []
synonym: "posterior digastric muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "posterior digastric" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0010940 ! belly of digastric
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0011220 {source="Wikipedia:Mastoid_process"} ! mastoid process of temporal bone
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="FEED", source="Wikipedia", notes="digastric branch"} ! facial nerve
xref: FMA:46303 ! posterior belly of digastric
xref: SCTID:141905002 ! Entire posterior belly of digastric muscle
property_value: external_definition "The posterior digastric is a pharyngeal arch II muscle that participates in oral pharyngeal behavior, is innervated by the digastric branchi of facial nerve and attaches to the posterior cranial base.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001562 ! digastric muscle
name: digastric muscle
def: "The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group. A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
synonym: "digastric muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
synonym: "musculus digastricus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
synonym: "digastricus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46291 ! Digastric
xref: MA:0002288 ! digastric
synonym: "digastric" EXACT [MA:0002288]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Digastricus.png/200px-Digastricus.png
xref: EMAPA:25134 ! digastric muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008571 {source="FMA"} ! suprahyoid muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Digastric_Muscle ! Digastric Muscle
xref: SCTID:244825002 ! Entire digastric
synonym: "musculus digastricus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia", notes="Intermediate tendon"} ! hyoid bone
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior belly - mandibular division of the trigeminal via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly - facial nerve"} ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Digastricus.png
xref: UMLS:C0224155

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011315
name: digastric branch of facial nerve
def: "The digastric branch of facial nerve arises close to the stylomastoid foramen, and divides into several filaments, which supply the posterior belly of the Digastricus; one of these filaments joins the glossopharyngeal nerve." [Wikipedia:Digastric_branch_of_facial_nerve]
synonym: "facial nerve, digastric branch" EXACT []
synonym: "digastric branch of facial nerve (CN VII)" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "digastric branch" BROAD [Wikipedia:Digastric_branch_of_facial_nerve]
synonym: "ramus digastricus (nervus facialis)" EXACT  [FMA:53288]
synonym: "ramus digastricus nervus facialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "nerve to posterior belly of digastric" EXACT [FMA:53288]
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001647 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve
xref: FMA:53288 ! branch of facial nerve to posterior belly of digastric
xref: SCTID:17743006 ! Facial nerve digastric branch
synonym: "branch of facial nerve to posterior belly of digastric" RELATED [FMA:53288]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011316
name: nerve to stylohyoid from facial nerve
def: "The stylohyoid branch of facial nerve frequently arises in conjunction with the digastric branch; it is long and slender, and enters the Stylohyoideus about its middle." [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_branch_of_facial_nerve]
synonym: "stylohyoid branch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_branch_of_facial_nerve]
synonym: "facial nerve stylohyoid branch" EXACT  [FMA:53298]
synonym: "ramus stylohyoideus" EXACT  [FMA:53298]
synonym: "ramus stylohyoideus nervus facialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "stylodigastric nerve" EXACT  [FMA:53298]
synonym: "stylohyoid branch of facial nerve" EXACT  [FMA:53298]
synonym: "nerve to stylohyoid" EXACT [FMA:53298]
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001647 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve
xref: FMA:53298 ! nerve to stylohyoid
xref: SCTID:89590005 ! Facial nerve stylohyoid branch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011317
name: nerve to stylopharyngeus from glossopharyngeal nerve
synonym: "branch of glossopharyngeal nerve to stylopharyngeus" EXACT  [FMA:53487]
synonym: "ramus musculi stylopharyngei nervus glossopharyngei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:53487]
synonym: "nerve to stylopharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:53487]
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001649 {source="FMA"} ! glossopharyngeal nerve
xref: FMA:53487 ! nerve to stylopharyngeus
xref: SCTID:280294008 ! Nerve to stylopharyngeus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001563
name: longus capitis muscle
def: "The longus capitis (rectus capitis anticus major), broad and thick above, narrow below, arises by four tendinous slips, from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and ascends, converging toward its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It is innervated by a branch of cervical plexus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle]
synonym: "longus capitus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis anticus major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle]
synonym: "longus capitis" EXACT [MA:0002340]
synonym: "musculus longus capitis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle]
synonym: "m. rectus capitis posterior" EXACT [AAO:0010666]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46308 ! Longus capitis
xref: MA:0002340 ! longus capitis
xref: ncithesaurus:Longus_Capitis ! Longus Capitis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Longus_capitis.png/200px-Longus_capitis.png
xref: EMAPA:25131 ! longus capitis
is_a: UBERON:0008549 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! prevertebral muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001692 {source="dbpedia", notes="basilar part of the occipital bone"} ! basioccipital bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third fourth fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000962 ! cervical nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Longus_capitis.png
xref: SCTID:244837000 ! Entire longus capitis muscle
xref: AAO:0010666 ! m. rectus capitis posterior
xref: UMLS:C0224107

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010931
name: intermandibularis
def: "Is a mandibular muscle that develops into the ventral intermandibularis anterior and posterior muscles." [ZFA:0000369]
synonym: "intermandibular muscle" RELATED [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12]
synonym: "intermandibularis muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
xref: AAO:0010647 ! intermandibularis
xref: TAO:0000369 ! intermandibularis
xref: ZFA:0000369 ! intermandibularis
property_value: external_definition "One of the principal muscles used in swallowing.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010647", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BMZ"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010647", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001564
name: mylohyoid muscle
def: "The mylohyoid muscle is a muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity. These muscles are mesodermal in origin." [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
comment: mylohyoideus and digastricus anterior of rats derived from intermandibularis posterior, see e.g. Jarvik [53] http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/table/T3
synonym: "musculus mylohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "mylohyoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "mylohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "mylohyoideus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46320 ! Mylohyoid
xref: MA:0002344 ! mylohyoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Mylohyoid ! Mylohyoid
xref: SCTID:244827005 ! Entire mylohyoid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008571 {source="FMA"} ! suprahyoid muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesoderm
synonym: "musculus mylohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003999 {source="dbpedia", notes="body of hyoid bone and median raphe"} ! hyoid bone body
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="dbpedia", notes="mylohyoid nerve from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve V3"} ! mandibular nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Mylohyoid_muscle.PNG
property_value: external_definition "The mylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch I muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid and attaches to the midline raphe linking R and L mylohyoid and the mandible.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224159

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011151 ! jaw depressor muscle
name: jaw depressor muscle
def: "A muscle whose action is to depress the lower jaw." [doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
comment: Taxon notes: In amphibians, "Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw." [AAO:0010655]. "The protractor hyoideus muscle in teleosts is commonly, albeit mistakenly, referred to as the geniohyoideus muscle, which is involved in the coracomandibularis coupling. According to Edgeworth (1935) and Winterbottom (1974), the protractor hyoideus is composed of a fusion of the intermandibularis posterior and the interhyoideus muscles which resulted in the protractor hyoideus which spans the hyoid and mandible. The intermandibularis spans the mandible while the closely apposed interhyoideus spans the hyoid in other fishes. Furthermore, they concluded that any muscle that is homologous to the geniohyoideus (coracomandibularis coupling) in other lower vertebrates has been lost in teleosts, as well as gars. However, the protractor hyoideus muscle is functionally analogous to the coracomandibularis coupling of other vertebrates and so we use it in our discussion to show the phylogenetically broad roles of these couplings in jaw mechanics."[doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
synonym: "geniohyoideus" NARROW SENSU  [TAO:0000612, doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
synonym: "geniohyoideus muscle" NARROW SENSU  [doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
synonym: "coracomandibularis" NARROW SENSU  [doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
synonym: "depressor gnathalis" NARROW SENSU  [doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
synonym: "branchiomandibularis" NARROW SENSU  [doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
synonym: "protractor hyoidei" NARROW PLURAL [TAO:0000612]
synonym: "protractor hyoideus" NARROW SENSU  [doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
synonym: "geniothoracis" NARROW SENSU  [doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle
xref: TAO:0000612 ! protractor hyoidei
xref: XAO:0004127 ! geniohyoideus
xref: AAO:0010655 ! geniohyoideus
property_value: external_definition "Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010655", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BMZ"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010655", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Muscle located on ventral side of the head, linking the ventral hyoid arch to the dentary. Innervated by ramus mandibularis V and ramus hyoides VII.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000612", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_comment "Source: Winterbottom, R. 1973. A Descriptive Synonymy of the Striated Muscles of the Teleostei. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 125 (1973), pp. 225-317.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000612", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001565
name: geniohyoid muscle
def: "A jaw depressor muscle which in humans is a narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "m. geniohyoideus" EXACT []
synonym: "geniohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "geniohyoideus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "genio-hyoideus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "genio-hyoideus" EXACT []
synonym: "geniohyoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus geniohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46325 ! Geniohyoid
xref: MA:0002308 ! geniohyoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Geniohyoid ! Geniohyoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Geniohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Geniohyoid_muscle.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0011151 ! jaw depressor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008571 {source="FMA"} ! suprahyoid muscle
xref: SCTID:244828000 ! Entire geniohyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006606 {source="dbpedia"} ! mandibular symphysis
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="dbpedia", notes="C1 via the hypoglossal nerve"} ! hypoglossal nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001780 {source="dbpedia", notes="C1 via the hypoglossal nerve"} ! spinal nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Geniohyoid_muscle.PNG
property_value: external_definition "The geniohyoid is a muscle that attaches to the mandible and the hyoid apparatus and is innervated by C1.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224160

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001566
name: cricothyroid muscle
def: "The cricothyroid muscle attaches to the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid and the inferior cornu and lower lamina of the thyroid cartilage, tilting the thyroid forwards and tensing the vocal cords. It is the only laryngeal muscle supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (rather than the recurrent laryngeal nerve). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cricothyroid" EXACT []
synonym: "cricothyroideus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46417 ! Cricothyroid muscle
xref: MA:0002284 ! cricothyroid
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricothyroid_Muscle ! Cricothyroid Muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Musculuscricothyreoideus.png/200px-Musculuscricothyreoideus.png
xref: EMAPA:19270 ! cricothyroid
is_a: UBERON:0006328 ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
synonym: "musculus cricothyroideus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:46417]
xref: SCTID:244809007 ! Entire cricothyroid muscle
synonym: "M. cricothyroideus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia", notes="Inferior cornu and lamina of the thyroid cartilage"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="dbpedia", notes="external laryngeal branch of the vagus"} ! vagus nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {source="dbpedia", notes="Anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage"} ! cricoid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Musculuscricothyreoideus.png
xref: UMLS:C0224178

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001567
name: cheek
def: "Cheeks constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear. It is fleshy in humans and other mammals, the skin being suspended by the chin and the jaws, and forming the lateral wall of the human mouth, visibly touching the cheekbone below the eye. In vertebrates, markings on the cheek area (malar stripes/spots/... ), particularly immediately beneath the eye, often serve as important distinguishing features between species or individuals. 'Buccal' means relating to the cheek. In humans, the region is innervated by the buccal nerve. The inside of the cheek (forming part of the mouth cavity) is lined with a mucous membrane. It is the most common location from which a DNA sample can be taken (during a cheek swab). The cheeks are covered externally by hairy skin, and internally by stratified squamous epithelium. This is mostly smooth, but may have aborally directed papillae . The mucosa is supplied with secretions from the Buccal glands, which are arranged in superior and inferior groups. In carnivores, the superior buccal gland is large and discrete: the Zygomatic gland. During mastication (chewing), the cheeks and tongue between them serve to keep the food between the teeth. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cheek, Wikipedia:Cheek]
synonym: "jowl" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cheek]
synonym: "buccae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cheek]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46476 ! Cheek
xref: GAID:65 ! cheek
xref: galen:Cheek
xref: MA:0002475 ! cheek
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Cheek ! Cheek
xref: BTO:0001754 ! cheek
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cheek
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chica_cachetona.jpg/200px-Chica_cachetona.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.173 ! cheek
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004089 ! midface
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
xref: SCTID:182325008 ! Entire cheek
xref: TAO:0002113 ! cheek
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure that includes the scales, skin, and muscles that are located ventral and posterior to the eye.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002113", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001456 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! face
property_value: has_relational_adjective "buccal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0007966

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008802
name: cheek pouch
def: "A pocketlike fold of skin in the cheeks of various animals, such as squirrels, gophers, and monkeys, that functions as a means of carrying food." [BTO:0002224]
synonym: "buccal pouch" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001567 {source="BTO"} ! cheek
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: BTO:0002224 ! cheek pouch
xref: SCTID:31293007 ! Buccal pouch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013640
name: internal cheek pouch
comment: Lined with oral epithelium
synonym: "internal buccal pouch" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008802 ! cheek pouch
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002424 ! oral epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013641
name: external cheek pouch
comment: may be lined with fur
synonym: "external buccal pouch" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008802 ! cheek pouch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008803
name: skin of cheek
synonym: "cheek skin" EXACT  [FMA:24759]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001567 ! cheek
xref: FMA:24759 ! skin of cheek
xref: SCTID:181472009 ! Entire skin of cheek
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a cheek." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001568
name: muscle of larynx
def: "the muscles associated with the larynx." [MP:0002263]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "musculi laryngeales" EXACT []
synonym: "laryngeal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "larynx muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "larynx muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:46562 ! Muscle of larynx
xref: GAID:144 ! laryngeal muscle
xref: MA:0001768 ! larynx muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Muscle ! Laryngeal Muscle
xref: BTO:0001626 ! laryngeal muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.500 ! laryngeal muscle (also: UBERON:0004478 'musculature of larynx')
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
xref: SCTID:181744001 ! Entire laryngeal muscle
xref: UMLS:C0023054

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001569
name: constrictor muscle of pharynx
comment: TODO - evaluate taxonomic specificity - functional definition?
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pharyngeal constrictor muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46620 ! Constrictor muscle of pharynx
xref: MA:0002278 ! constrictor muscle of pharynx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musculusconstrictorpharyngissuperior.png/200px-Musculusconstrictorpharyngissuperior.png
xref: EMAPA:18964 ! constrictor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle
xref: SCTID:244799007 ! Entire constrictor muscle of pharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001570
name: inferior pharyngeal constrictor
def: "The inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the thickest of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. Similarly to the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "constrictores pharyngis caudales" EXACT  []
synonym: "inferior constrictor" EXACT  [FMA:46623]
synonym: "inferior constrictor of pharynx" EXACT  [FMA:46623]
synonym: "inferior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT  [FMA:46623]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "constrictor inferior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor pharyngis inferior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "inferior constrictor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "inferior constrictor muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "inferior pharyngeal constrictor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:46623]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
xref: FMA:46623 ! Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
xref: MA:0002279 ! constrictor muscle of pharynx inferior
xref: SCTID:244803008 ! Entire inferior constrictor pharyngeus muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png/200px-Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png
is_a: UBERON:0001569 ! constrictor muscle of pharynx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {source="dbpedia", notes="cricoid and thyroid cartilage"} ! cricoid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia", notes="cricoid and thyroid cartilage"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011345 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal raphe
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vagus nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png
property_value: external_definition "This is a pharyngeal arch 4/6 muscle that is integral to the pharyngeal tube, participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of the vagus n.  and attaches to the laryngeal cartilages and the midline raphe.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
synonym: "constrictor muscle of pharynx inferior" EXACT [MA:0002279]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006329
name: superior pharyngeal constrictor
def: "The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "superior constrictor" EXACT [FMA:46621]
synonym: "superior constrictor of pharynx" EXACT [FMA:46621]
synonym: "superior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46621]
synonym: "constrictor muscle of pharynx superior" EXACT [FMA:46621]
synonym: "superior constrictor muscle" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Superior_Constrictor_Muscle]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis superior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:46621]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
xref: FMA:46621 ! superior pharyngeal constrictor
xref: MA:0002280 ! constrictor muscle of pharynx superior
xref: EMAPA:18966 ! superior of constrictor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001569 ! constrictor muscle of pharynx
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="Wikipedia", notes="pharyngeal plexus"} ! vagus nerve
xref: SCTID:244800006 ! Entire superior constrictor
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Constrictor_Muscle ! Superior Constrictor Muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004527 {source="dbpedia"} ! alveolar process of maxilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Musculusconstrictorpharyngissuperior.png
property_value: external_definition "The superior constrictor is a muscle that is an integral part of the pharyngeal tube that is attached to the mandible, pterygomandibular raphe, basioccipital bone, pterygoid process and midline raphe and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C1515063

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010749
name: middle pharyngeal constrictor
def: "The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fanshaped muscle, smaller than the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle." [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor medius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor pharyngis medius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictores pharyngis medius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "middle constrictor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "middle constrictor muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "middle pharyngeal constrictor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "middle constrictor" EXACT  [FMA:46622]
synonym: "middle constrictor of pharynx" EXACT  [FMA:46622]
synonym: "middle constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT  [FMA:46622]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis medius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "hyopharyngeus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001569 {source="FMA"} ! constrictor muscle of pharynx
xref: FMA:46622 ! middle pharyngeal constrictor
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Constrictor_Muscle ! middle constrictor muscle
xref: SCTID:244802003 ! Entire middle constrictor
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="Wikipedia", notes="pharyngeal plexus"} ! vagus nerve
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Musculusconstrictorpharyngismedius.png
property_value: external_definition "The middle constrictor is a pharyngeal arches 4/6 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of Vagus  and attaches to the hyoid apparatus and the midline raphe.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C1513291

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010956
name: pterygopharyngeal part of superior pharyngeal constrictor
synonym: "pars pterygopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis superior)" EXACT  [FMA:46638]
synonym: "pterygopharyngeal part of superior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT  [FMA:46638]
synonym: "pterygopharyngeus" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006329 {source="FMA"} ! superior pharyngeal constrictor
xref: FMA:46638 ! pterygopharyngeal part of superior pharyngeal constrictor

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010928
name: cricopharyngeus muscle
def: "The part of the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle that arises from cricoid cartilage" [Wikipedia:Cricopharyngeus#Origin_and_insertion]
comment: muscle belly
synonym: "cricopharyngeal part" BROAD  []
synonym: "cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT  [FMA:46661]
synonym: "cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor" EXACT  [FMA:46661]
synonym: "cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor" EXACT  []
synonym: "cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "pars cricopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior)" EXACT  [FMA:46661]
synonym: "pars cricopharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis inferioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "cricopharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46661]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001570 {source="FMA"} ! inferior pharyngeal constrictor
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007268 ! upper esophageal sphincter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vagus nerve
xref: FMA:46661 ! cricopharyngeus
xref: SCTID:244804002 ! Entire cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricopharyngeus_Muscle ! cricopharyngeus muscle
property_value: external_definition "The cricopharyngeus is a pharyngeal arch 4/6 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus and the recurrent laryngeal n. , and is an integral part of the pharyngeal tube, and attaches to the cricoid cartilage and the midline raphe.  It acts as a sphincter between the pharynx and esophagus.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224214

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010936
name: thyropharyngeus muscle
comment: muscle belly
synonym: "pars thyropharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior)" EXACT  [FMA:46658]
synonym: "pars thyropharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis inferioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT  [FMA:46658]
synonym: "thyropharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor" EXACT  [FMA:46658]
synonym: "thyropharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46658]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001570 {source="FMA"} ! inferior pharyngeal constrictor
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia" } ! thyroid cartilage
xref: FMA:46658 ! thyropharyngeus
xref: SCTID:244805001 ! Entire thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001571
name: genioglossus muscle
def: "Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue." [VHOG:0000847, Wikipedia:Genioglossus_muscle]
comment: taxon notes: Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians. [AAO:0010660]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "m. genioglossus" EXACT []
synonym: "genioglossus" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus genioglossus" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:9150 ! genioglossus
xref: FMA:46690 ! Genioglossus
xref: VHOG:0000847 ! genioglossus
xref: MA:0002307 ! genioglossus
xref: ncithesaurus:Genioglossus ! Genioglossus
xref: EHDAA2:0000704 ! genioglossus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Genioglossus.png/200px-Genioglossus.png
xref: EMAPA:18276 ! genioglossus of extrinsic of skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18881 ! genioglossus of extrinsic of skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0001575 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic muscle of tongue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010059 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hypoglossal cord
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="dbpedia"} ! hypoglossal nerve
xref: AAO:0010660 ! genioglossus
xref: SCTID:244784007 ! Entire genioglossus muscle
property_value: external_definition "Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010660", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BMZ"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010660", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "see Intrinsic Tongue.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
property_value: external_definition "Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000847", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/genioglossus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000847", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20587\, DOI:10.1186/1471-213X-8-24 Table 7", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0224194

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001572
name: hyoglossus muscle
def: "The Hyoglossus, thin and quadrilateral, arises from the side of the body and from the whole length of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, and passes almost vertically upward to enter the side of the tongue, between the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior. The hyoglossus depresses and retracts the tongue makes the dorsum more convex The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the greater cornu. It is important in singing. Structures passing medially to the hyoglossus muscle are the lingual vein and lingual artery. Laterally, in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle lay several important structures (from superior in inferior): submandibular gland, submandibular duct, lingual nerve, vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve. Note, posteriorly, the lingual nerve is superior to the submandibular duct and a portion of the submandibular salivary gland protrudes into the space between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hyoglossus_muscle]
synonym: "hyoglossus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Hyoglossus]
synonym: "m. hyoglossus" EXACT []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46691 ! Hyoglossus
xref: MA:0002317 ! hyoglossus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hyoglossus.png/200px-Hyoglossus.png
xref: EMAPA:18277 ! hyoglossus of extrinsic of skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18882 ! hyoglossus of extrinsic of skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of gut
xref: AAO:0010663 ! hyoglossus
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyoglossus_Muscle ! hyoglossus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001575 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic muscle of tongue
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="dbpedia"} ! hypoglossal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia", notes="lingual process in horse"} ! hyoid bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
property_value: external_definition "Makes up part of the tongue in frogs and salamanders.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010663", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BMZ"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010663", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "The hyoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the hyoid and tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: SCTID:244785008 ! Entire hyoglossus muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224196

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008428
name: ceratoglossus
def: "main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655]
synonym: "ceratoglossus muscle" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655]
synonym: "musculus ceratoglossus" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655]
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001572 {source="FMA"} ! hyoglossus
xref: FMA:46720 ! ceratoglossus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011535
name: chondroglossus muscle
def: "The Chondroglossus is sometimes described as a part of the Hyoglossus, but is separated from it by fibers of the Genioglossus, which pass to the side of the pharynx. It is about 2 cm. long, and arises from the medial side and base of the lesser cornu and contiguous portion of the body of the hyoid bone, and passes directly upward to blend with the intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue, between the Hyoglossus and Genioglossus." [Wikipedia:Chondroglossus]
synonym: "chondroglossal muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chondroglossus]
synonym: "chondroglossal" EXACT  [FMA:46700]
synonym: "chondroglossus" EXACT  [FMA:46700]
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001572 {source="FMA"} ! hyoglossus
xref: FMA:46700 ! chondroglossus
xref: SCTID:244787000 ! Entire chondroglossal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001574
name: palatoglossus muscle
def: "The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguæ. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "palatoglossal" EXACT []
synonym: "palatoglossal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "palatoglossus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46697 ! Palatoglossus
xref: MA:0002351 ! palatoglossus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray1028.png/200px-Gray1028.png
xref: EMAPA:18278 ! palatoglossus of extrinsic of skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18883 ! palatoglossus of extrinsic of skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of gut
xref: SCTID:244783001 ! Entire palatoglossal muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Palatoglossus_Muscle ! palatoglossus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003682 ! palatal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003216 {source="dbpedia", notes="aponeurosis"} ! hard palate
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001723 {source="dbpedia"} ! tongue
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="dbpedia"} ! vagus nerve
synonym: "musculus palatoglossus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Gray1014.png
property_value: external_definition "Palatoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the soft palate and the tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C1704249

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010234
name: palatopharyngeus muscle
def: "The palatopharyngeus or palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus muscle is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch." [Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle]
comment: Structure notes: It is separated from the palatoglossus muscle by an angular interval, in which the palatine tonsil is lodged. It arises from the soft palate, where it is divided into two fasciculi by the levator veli palatini and musculus uvulae
synonym: "pharyngopalatinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "pharyngopalatinus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "palatopharyngeal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "palatopharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46666]
is_a: UBERON:0000933 {source="FMA"} ! pharyngeal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003682 {source="Wikipedia"} ! palatal muscle
xref: FMA:46666 ! palatopharyngeus
xref: SCTID:244796000 ! Entire palatopharyngeal muscle
synonym: "musculus palatopharyngeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia", notes="Upper border of thyroid cartilage"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="dbpedia", notes="vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve"} ! vagus nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0002019 {source="dbpedia", notes="vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve"} ! accessory XI nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003216 {source="dbpedia", notes="palatine aponeurosis and hard palate"} ! hard palate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Musculuspalatopharyngeus.png
property_value: external_definition "Palatopharyngeus is a muscle that attaches to the palatine bones, soft palate, and pharynx and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001042 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! chordate pharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010235
name: uvular muscle
def: "The musculus uvulae (azygos uvulae) is a muscle of the soft palate. It arises from the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bones and from the palatine aponeurosis. It descends to be inserted into the uvula and functions to move and shape it. It is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus[WP]." [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "uvular muscle" EXACT [FMA:46733]
synonym: "musculus uvulae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "azygos uvulae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "m. uvulae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "musculus uvulae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "uvulae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
is_a: UBERON:0003682 {source="Wikipedia"} ! palatal muscle
xref: SCTID:244797009 ! Entire uvular muscle
xref: FMA:46733 ! uvular muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000929 {source="dbpedia"} ! pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003216 {source="dbpedia"} ! hard palate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray169.png
property_value: external_definition "The muscle of the uvuli is an integral part of the soft palate and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X .[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011332 ! extrinsic tongue pre-muscle mass
name: extrinsic tongue pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003273 {source="EMAPA"} ! skeletal muscle of tongue
xref: EMAPA:17884 ! extrinsic pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001575
name: extrinsic muscle of tongue
comment: The extrinsic muscles originate from bone and extend to the tongue. Their main functions are altering the tongue's position allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement[WP] Innervation: All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except for one of the extrinsic muscles, palatoglossus, which is innervated by the Vagus nerve CN X of the pharyngeal plexus.[WP]
synonym: "extrinsic tongue muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "extrinsic lingual muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46699 ! Extrinsic muscle of tongue
xref: VHOG:0000825 ! extrinsic tongue muscle
xref: MA:0002296 ! extrinsic tongue muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0002063 ! tongue extrinsic muscle
xref: EHDAA:9148 ! extrinsic muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000378 ! tongue muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003273 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeletal muscle of tongue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011332 ! extrinsic tongue pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:244782006 ! Entire extrinsic muscle of tongue
xref: EMAPA:18275 ! extrinsic
xref: EMAPA:18880 ! extrinsic
property_value: homology_notes "The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000825", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20587 Kusakabe R\, Kuratani S\, Evolution and developmental patterning of the vertebrate skeletal muscles: perspectives from the lamprey. Developmental Dynamics (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001576
name: intrinsic muscle of tongue
comment: The main function of the intrinsic muscles is to provide shape. They are not involved with changing the position of the tongue and are not attached to bone[WP]
synonym: "intrinsic lingual muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "intrinsic tongue muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46701 ! Intrinsic muscle of tongue
xref: VHOG:0000748 ! intrinsic tongue muscle
xref: MA:0002327 ! intrinsic tongue muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0002064 ! tongue intrinsic muscle
xref: EHDAA:9152 ! intrinsic muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000378 ! tongue muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003273 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeletal muscle of tongue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010059 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hypoglossal cord
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hypoglossal nerve
xref: SCTID:244788005 ! Entire intrinsic lingual muscle
xref: EMAPA:18280 ! intrinsic
xref: EMAPA:18885 ! intrinsic
property_value: external_definition "The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
property_value: homology_notes "The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000748", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20587 Kusakabe R\, Kuratani S\, Evolution and developmental patterning of the vertebrate skeletal muscles: perspectives from the lamprey. Developmental Dynamics (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001577
name: facial nerve muscle
def: "The facial muscles are a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerve that, among other things, control facial expression. These muscles are also called mimetic muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Facial_muscles]
comment: AO notes: Check the MA class cranial/facial muscle, this may be broader. Editor notes: currently defined by innervation, check this. Editor notes: PMID:19531159 states that facial muscles are hyoid muscles
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculi faciei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Facial_muscles]
synonym: "mimetic muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Facial_muscles]
synonym: "muscle of facial expression" RELATED [Wikipedia:Facial_muscles]
synonym: "muscles of facial expression" RELATED [Wikipedia:Facial_muscles]
synonym: "face muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "facial muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "facial nerve innervated muscle" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "face muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial/facial muscle" RELATED [MA:0000579]
synonym: "muscle of face" EXACT [FMA:46751]
synonym: "facial muscle" EXACT [XAO:0001013]
xref: FMA:46751 ! Muscle of face
xref: GAID:143 ! facial muscle
xref: XAO:0001013 ! facial muscle
xref: MA:0000579 ! cranial/facial muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Facial_Muscle ! Facial Muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray378.png/200px-Gray378.png
xref: EMAPA:25133 ! facial muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.400 ! facial muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 ! facial nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004473 ! musculature of face
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003066 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 2
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle
xref: SCTID:25903009 ! Facial muscle
xref: UMLS:C0015460

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004473 ! musculature of face
name: musculature of face
comment: originally created to reflect the distinction drawn in FMA between a facial muscle and the entire musculature of the face. However, naming both does not serve any particular purpose
synonym: "facial muscles" EXACT [FMA:71288]
synonym: "muscle group of face" EXACT [FMA:71288]
synonym: "entire facial musculature" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:71288 ! Musculature of face
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! part_of face
synonym: "musculi faciei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71288]
synonym: "set of facial muscles" RELATED [FMA:71288]
synonym: "set of muscles of face" RELATED [FMA:71288]
def: "A musculature that is part of a face." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010933
name: orbicularis oris muscle
def: "In human anatomy, the orbicularis oris muscle is the sphincter muscle around the mouth. This muscle closes the mouth and puckers the lips when it contracts." [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "incisivii labii inferioris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "incisivii labii superioris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "nasolabialis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "orbicularis oris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "orbicularis oris" EXACT [FMA:46841]
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
xref: FMA:46841 ! orbicularis oris
xref: SCTID:244749008 ! Entire orbicularis oris
synonym: "musculus orbicularis oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0011386 ! facial modiolus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001458 {source="dbpedia", notes="Skin around the lips"} ! skin of lip
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="cranial nerve VII buccal branch of the facial nerve"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia", notes="Maxilla and mandible"} ! maxilla
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 {source="dbpedia", notes="Maxilla and mandible"} ! mandible
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Orbicularis_oris.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The orbicularis oris is a superficial facial muscle that attaches to the skin and modiolus, and that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, and is innervated by the facial nerve .[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001578
name: orbicularis oculi
def: "The 'orbicularis oculi' is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
synonym: "orbicularis oculi muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
synonym: "tensor tarsi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46779 ! Orbicularis oculi
xref: MA:0001254 ! orbicularis oculi
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbicularis_Oculi ! Orbicularis Oculi
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gray379.png/200px-Gray379.png
is_a: UBERON:0001577 ! facial nerve muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001601 ! extra-ocular muscle
xref: SCTID:244726006 ! Entire orbicularis oculi
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004724 {source="dbpedia"} ! medial palpebral ligament
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001680 {source="dbpedia"} ! lacrimal bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000209 {source="dbpedia"} ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004772 ! eyelid tarsus
synonym: "musculus orbicularis oculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="branches of the facial nerve and Zygomatic branches of Facial Nerve"} ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Gray379.png
xref: UMLS:C0224122

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001579
name: olfactory nerve
def: "Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb[Butler and Hodos]." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Olfactory_nerve]
comment: Taxon notes: connects to main OB (in taxa where main/accessory distinction is important)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CN-I" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial nerve I" RELATED []
synonym: "first cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "olfactory i nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "Olfactory nerve [I]" EXACT []
synonym: "olfactory I" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001293]
synonym: "fila olfactoria" RELATED [BTO:0003648]
synonym: "nerve of smell" RELATED [BTO:0003648]
synonym: "nervus olfactorius" RELATED [BTO:0003648]
synonym: "olfactory fila" RELATED [BTO:0003648]
xref: FMA:46787 ! Olfactory nerve
xref: GAID:830 ! olfactory nerve
xref: VHOG:0000703 ! olfactory nerve
xref: MA:0001096 ! olfactory I nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1319 ! Olfactory nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZuXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000249 ! cranial nerve I
xref: XAO:0000426 ! cranial nerve I
xref: ZFA:0000249 ! cranial nerve I
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Nerve ! Olfactory Nerve
xref: BTO:0003648 ! olfactory nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZuXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! olfactory nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray771.png/200px-Gray771.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001293 ! olfactory I
xref: EMAPA:17797 ! olfactory I
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.640 ! olfactory nerve
xref: EHDAA:6672 ! olfactory I
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003050 {source="Wikipedia"} ! olfactory placode
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001997 ! olfactory epithelium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002264 ! olfactory bulb
synonym: "nervus olfactorius [i]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:46787]
xref: AAO:0010088 ! 01 olfactory nerve
xref: SCTID:180937006 ! Entire olfactory nerve
synonym: "nervus olfactorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olfactory_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Gray771.png
property_value: external_definition "Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium through the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex of the telencephalon.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010088", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:DSM"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000703", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: external_definition "Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with the olfactory epithelium and an olfactory bulb[FMA:46787]." xsd:string {source="FMA:46787"}
property_value: external_definition "The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB[MESH:A08.800.800.120.640]." xsd:string {source="MESH:A08.800.800.120.640"}
xref: UMLS:C0028938

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001580
name: levator labii superioris
def: "The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone. Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips. One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris. The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone. Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the Caninus. The lateral fibers, forming the zygomatic head, arise from the malar surface of the zygomatic bone immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture and pass downward and medialward to the upper lip. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46805 ! Levator labii superioris
xref: MA:0002333 ! levator labii superioris
xref: ncithesaurus:Levator_Labii_Superioris ! Levator Labii Superioris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Levator_labii_superioris.png/200px-Levator_labii_superioris.png
is_a: UBERON:0001577 ! facial nerve muscle
synonym: "musculus levator labii superioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001458 {source="dbpedia", notes="Skin and muscle of the upper lip"} ! skin of lip
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001834 {source="dbpedia", notes="Skin and muscle of the upper lip"} ! upper lip
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="zygomatic branch"} ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Levator_labii_superioris.png
xref: UMLS:C1704248

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001581
name: depressor labii inferioris
def: "The depressor labii inferioris (or quadratus labii inferioris) is a facial muscle that helps lower the bottom lip. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Depressor_labii_inferioris_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46816 ! Depressor labii inferioris
xref: MA:0002287 ! depressor labii inferioris
xref: ncithesaurus:Depressor_Labii_Inferioris ! Depressor Labii Inferioris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Depressor_labii_inferioris.png/200px-Depressor_labii_inferioris.png
is_a: UBERON:0001577 ! facial nerve muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001835 {source="dbpedia", notes="integument of the lower lip Orbicularis oris fibers its fellow of the opposite side"} ! lower lip
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010933 {source="dbpedia", notes="integument of the lower lip Orbicularis oris fibers its fellow of the opposite side"} ! orbicularis oris muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 {source="dbpedia", notes="oblique line of the mandible between the symphysis and the mental foramen"} ! mandible
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Depressor_labii_inferioris.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0008199 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! chin
xref: UMLS:C0224119

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001582
name: buccinator muscle
def: "a thin quadrilateral muscle, occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face." [Wikipedia:Buccinator_muscle]
synonym: "buccinatorius" EXACT []
synonym: "buccinator" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus buccinator" EXACT []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46834 ! Buccinator
xref: MA:0002272 ! buccinator
xref: ncithesaurus:Buccinator ! Buccinator
xref: SCTID:244747005 ! Entire buccinator muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Buccinator.jpg/200px-Buccinator.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
synonym: "musculus buccinator" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Buccinator_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="buccal branch"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011386 {source="FEED", notes="dbpedia says: in the fibers of the orbicularis oris"} ! facial modiolus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004528 {source="dbpedia", notes="from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible temporomandibular joint"} ! alveolar ridge of mandible
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003700 {source="dbpedia", comment="not strictly an attachment site", notes="from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible temporomandibular joint"} ! temporomandibular joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Buccinator.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The buccinator is a muscle that is attached to the mandible, skin, pterygomandibular raphe and maxilla, and is innervated by Cranial Nerve VII and participates in oropharyngeal behavior.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224121

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001585
name: anterior vena cava
def: "Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins and terminates in the right atrium." [Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava]
comment: The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). In the mouse, The right pulmonary vein passes dorsal to the right superior vena cava, the left pulmonary dorsal to the left superior vena cava (Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Green).
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior vena cava" EXACT [FMA:4720]
synonym: "vena cava superior" RELATED [BTO:0002683]
xref: EHDAA:8726 ! superior vena cava
xref: FMA:4720 ! Superior vena cava (also: UBERON:0006766 'right anterior vena cava')
xref: GAID:549 ! superior vena cava
xref: VHOG:0001195 ! anterior vena cava
xref: MA:0000481 ! superior vena cava
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Vena_Cava ! Superior Vena Cava
xref: BTO:0002683 ! superior vena cava
xref: galen:SuperiorVenaCava ! superior vena cava
xref: EHDAA2:0001962 ! superior vena cava
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Venenwinkel.png/200px-Venenwinkel.png
xref: EMAPA:18417 ! superior of vena cava
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.949.815 ! superior vena cava
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:181368006 ! Entire superior vena cava
synonym: "vena cava superior, vena maxima" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Venenwinkel.png
synonym: "cranial vena cava" RELATED [VHOG:0001195]
property_value: homology_notes "Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001195", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.454-455", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0042459

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006765 ! left anterior vena cava
name: left anterior vena cava
xref: EMAPA:18418 ! left of superior of vena cava
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001585 ! superior vena cava

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006766
name: right anterior vena cava
comment: The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). Note that FMA:4720 is equivalent to both anterior vena cava and right anterior vena cava
xref: EMAPA:18419 ! right of superior of vena cava
xref: FMA:4720 ! Superior vena cava (also: UBERON:0001585 'anterior vena cava')
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001585 ! superior vena cava

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006829
name: remnant of left anterior vena cava
def: "." [Wikipedia:Persistent_left_superior_vena_cava]
comment: The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003).
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006765 ! left anterior vena cava
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001587
name: subclavian vein
def: "In human anatomy, the subclavian veins are two large veins, one on either side of the body. Its diameter is approximately that of the small finger. It is divided into right and left subclavian vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "subclavian venous tree" EXACT []
synonym: "vena subclavia" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein]
xref: EHDAA:4455 ! subclavian vein
xref: FMA:4725 ! Subclavian vein
xref: GAID:546 ! subclavian vein
xref: MA:0002221 ! subclavian vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Subclavian_Vein ! Subclavian Vein
xref: galen:SubclavianVein ! subclavian vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvvtMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! subclavian vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001934 ! subclavian vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/200px-Gray1174.png
xref: EMAPA:17621 ! subclavian vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.877 ! subclavian vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: AAO:0010510 ! subclavian vein
xref: SCTID:181388005 ! Entire subclavian vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png
property_value: external_definition "Vein which collects blood from the forelimb via the brachial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010510", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0038532

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001588
name: vertebral vein
def: "The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vertebral_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:4727 ! Vertebral vein
xref: MA:0002262 ! vertebral vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Vein ! Vertebral Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwKt8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vertebral vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gray563.png/200px-Gray563.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: AAO:0010509 ! vertebral vein
xref: SCTID:303961000 ! Entire vertebral vein
synonym: "vena vertebralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vertebral_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gray563.png
property_value: external_definition "Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the neck and drains into the internal jugular.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010509", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0226560

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001589 ! internal thoracic vein
name: internal thoracic vein
def: "In human anatomy, the internal thoracic vein (previously known as the internal mammary vein) is a vessel that drains the chest wall and mamma, a term used for breast in anatomy. Bilaterally, it arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein]
comment: Editor notes: check relationship to 'internal mammary vein' in MA
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:4729 ! Internal thoracic vein
xref: MA:0002237 ! internal thoracic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Thoracic_Vein ! Internal Thoracic Vein
xref: EMAPA:18641 ! internal thoracic vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:281056008 ! Entire internal thoracic vein
synonym: "vena thoracica interna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein]
synonym: "internal mammary vein" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray577.png
xref: UMLS:C0226633

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001590
name: pericardiacophrenic vein
def: "Vena comitans of the pericardiacophrenic arteries." [Wikipedia:Pericardiacophrenic_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:4742 ! Pericardiacophrenic vein
xref: MA:0002187 ! pericardiacophrenic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Pericardiacophrenic_Vein ! Pericardiacophrenic Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray530.png/200px-Gray530.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:361626007 ! Pericardiacophrenic vein
synonym: "venae pericardiacophrenicae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pericardiacophrenic_veins]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray530.png
xref: UMLS:C0501112

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001591
name: thymic vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "thymic tributary of brachiocephalic vein" EXACT []
xref: FMA:4747 ! Thymic vein
xref: MA:0002246 ! thymic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymic_Vein ! Thymic Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:303432009 ! Entire thymic vein
xref: UMLS:C0226698

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001592
name: bronchial vein
def: "The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Bronchial_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bronchial venous tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:4749 ! Bronchial vein
xref: MA:0002088 ! bronchial vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Vein ! Bronchial Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:198293000 ! Entire bronchial vein
xref: UMLS:C0226650

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005629 ! vascular plexus
name: vascular plexus
def: "a vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=70052]
synonym: "plexus vasculosus" EXACT LATIN []
xref: FMA:5900 ! Vascular plexus
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
xref: EHDAA2:0004112 ! vascular plexus
xref: XAO:0004143 ! vascular plexus
xref: AEO:0000219 ! vascular plexus
property_value: external_definition "In a vascular plexus, the contents of the vessels mix. A plexus allows blood to flow via multiple routes. If one branch of the plexus is obstructed, the blood may flow via the open branches[Wikipedia:Plexus#Circulatory_system]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Plexus#Circulatory_system"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001593 ! venous plexus
name: venous plexus
def: "a congregation of multiple veins." [Wikipedia:Venous_plexus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "venous network" EXACT []
xref: FMA:4767 ! Venous plexus
xref: MA:0000069 ! venous plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png
is_a: UBERON:0005629 ! vascular plexus
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
xref: SCTID:322151008 ! Entire venous network
synonym: "rete venosum, plexus venosus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Venous_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001594 ! azygos vein
name: azygos vein
def: "An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP]." [Wikipedia:Azygos_vein, MP:0011569]
comment: Editor notes: check development relationships in different species
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "azygos venous tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:4838 ! Azygos vein
xref: GAID:528 ! azygos vein
xref: galen:AzygosVein
xref: MA:0002085 ! azygos vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Azygos_Vein ! Azygos Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Azygos_vein.png/200px-Azygos_vein.png
xref: EMAPA:18250 ! azygos vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.106 ! azygos vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008268 {source="ISBN-10:0443065837"} ! right supracardinal vein
synonym: "vena azygos" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Azygos_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Azygos_vein.png
xref: UMLS:C0004526

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010950
name: styloauricular muscle
def: "An occasional small muscle extending from the root of the styloid process to the cartilage of the meatus of the ear" [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?musculus+styloauricularis]
synonym: "styloauricularis" EXACT []
synonym: "stylo-auricularis" EXACT []
synonym: "stylo-auricularis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "mandibulo-auricularis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "mandibulo-auricularis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010951
name: interscutular muscle
def: "a muscle that attaches to the base of the ear and to the middle of the skull" [PMID:19209956]
synonym: "interscutularis" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus interscutularis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001595
name: auricular muscle
synonym: "muscle of auricle" EXACT []
synonym: "attolens aurem muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "attrahens aurem muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auriculares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auriculares anterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auriculares muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auricularis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auricularis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auricularis muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "temporoparietalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
xref: FMA:48966 ! Auricular muscle
xref: MA:0001229 ! auricular muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray906.png/200px-Gray906.png
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 {source="MA"} ! pinna
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001848 ! auricular cartilage
xref: SCTID:244757006 ! Auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001596
name: intrinsic auricular muscle
def: "auricular muscle attached only to the cartilage of the ear and not to the epicranial aponeurosis" [http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/auricle.html]
xref: FMA:48967 ! Intrinsic auricular muscle
xref: MA:0001231 ! intrinsic auricular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001595 {source="FMA"} ! auricular muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 {source="FMA"} ! pinna
xref: SCTID:244762007 ! Entire intrinsic auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001583
name: extrinsic auricular muscle
def: "auricular muscle attaching the cartilage of the ear to the epicranial aponeurosis. The 3 extrinsic auricular muscles in humans are: anterior auricular muscle superior auricular muscle posterior auricular muscle [WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Auriculares_muscles, http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/auricle.html]
comment: Note the Wikipedia topic refers to the extrinsic auricular muscles
synonym: "musculi auriculares" BROAD LATIN [Wikipedia:Auriculares_muscles]
xref: FMA:46854 ! Extrinsic auricular muscle
xref: MA:0001230 ! extrinsic auricular muscle
xref: SCTID:244758001 ! Entire extrinsic auricular muscles
is_a: UBERON:0001595 {source="FMA"} ! auricular muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001848 ! auricular cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006661 ! epicranial aponeurosis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gray906.png/250px-Gray906.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001597
name: masseter muscle
def: "jaw muscle of therapsids which permits the longitudinal, grinding, motions of the jaw.  The masseter is derived from the m. adductor mandibulae externus, which originates in the adductor chamber (in the temporal fenestra) and inserts on the coronoid process and internal surface of the lower jaw.[Palaeos]." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryM.html, Wikipedia:Masseter_muscle]
comment: The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati)[VHOG]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "masseter" RELATED [BTO:0001755]
xref: EHDAA:10561 ! masseter
xref: FMA:48996 ! Masseter
xref: VHOG:0000823 ! masseter
xref: MA:0002343 ! masseter
xref: BTO:0001755 ! masseter
xref: EFO:0001424 ! masseter muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0001067 ! masseter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Illu_head_neck_muscle.jpg/200px-Illu_head_neck_muscle.jpg
xref: EMAPA:25135 ! masseter
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.600.500 ! masseter muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003681 {source="FMA"} ! masticatory muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001567 {source="FMA"} ! cheek
relationship: has_function_in GO:0071626 ! mastication
xref: ncithesaurus:Masseter_Muscle ! Masseter Muscle
xref: SCTID:181738000 ! Entire masseter
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0005467 {source="dbpedia"} ! platysma
synonym: "musculus masseter" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Masseter_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0011321 ! masseteric nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004660 {source="dbpedia", notes="coronoid process ramus of mandible cementomaxillary tendon and cementomandibular tendon"} ! mandible coronoid process
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002500 {source="dbpedia", notes="zygomatic arch and maxilla"} ! zygomatic arch
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia", notes="zygomatic arch and maxilla"} ! maxilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Illu_head_neck_muscle.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by masseteric nerve branches, and attaches to mandible and zygomatic arch.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
property_value: homology_notes "The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000823", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.333-334 and same reference Table 10-4", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0024876


[Term]
id: UBERON:0010939
name: zygomaticomandibularis muscle
synonym: "zygomaticomandibularis" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "masseter, deep" RELATED [FEED:FEED]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle
synonym: "zygomaticomandibularis muscle" EXACT []
property_value: external_definition "The deep masseter is a separable part of the masseter muscle that attaches to lateral surface and/or ventral border of zygomatic arch.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
property_value: external_definition "The zygomaticomandibularis is a separable part of the masseter muscle that attaches to the medial surface of the zygomatic arch.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010995
name: deep part of masseter muscle
synonym: "masseter, profundus" EXACT  [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "deep layer of masseter" EXACT  [FMA:49003]
synonym: "pars profunda (musculus masseter)" EXACT  [FMA:49003]
synonym: "pars profunda of masseter muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "deep part of masseter" EXACT [FMA:49003]
synonym: "masseter, deep" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49003 ! deep part of masseter
xref: SCTID:142309002 ! Entire deep part of masseter muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: in_deep_part_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011140
name: superficial part of masseter muscle
synonym: "pars superficialis (musculus masseter)" EXACT  [FMA:49000]
synonym: "pars superficialis of masseter muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "superficial layer of masseter" EXACT  [FMA:49000]
synonym: "superficial part of masseter" EXACT [FMA:49000]
synonym: "masseter, superficial" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
xref: FMA:49000 ! superficial part of masseter
xref: SCTID:142208007 ! Entire superficial part of masseter muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: in_superficial_part_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle
property_value: external_definition "The superficial masseter is a separable part of the masseter muscle, is superficial to all other masseter muscle parts, and attaches to the mandibular angle.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011313
name: posterior subdivision of masseter
synonym: "masseter, posterior" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: in_posterior_side_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle
property_value: external_definition "The posterior masseter is a separable part of the deep masseter muscle that attaches to the postero-ventral surface of the zygomatic arch.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011314
name: anterior subdivision of masseter
synonym: "masseter, anterior" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: in_anterior_side_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle
property_value: external_definition "The anterior masseter is a separable part of the masseter muscle that is attached to anterior root of zygomatic arch.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011308
name: pars reflexa of masseter
def: "The pars reflexa is a separable part of the superficial masseter muscle that attaches to the medial surface of the mandible." [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "masseter, pars reflexa" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "pars reflexa" BROAD [FEED:FEED]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011140 ! superficial part of masseter muscle
property_value: external_definition "The pars reflexa is a separable part of the superficial masseter muscle that attaches to the medial surface of the mandible.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011683 ! adductor mandibulae
name: adductor mandibulae
synonym: "dorsal adductor mandibulae" EXACT  [ZFA:0007049]
synonym: "m. adductor mandibulae" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0011648 {source="ZFA"} ! jaw muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="Kardong"} ! mandibular nerve
xref: ZFA:0007049 ! adductor mandibulae
xref: TAO:0007049 ! adductor mandibulae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011684
name: levator palatoquadrati
is_a: UBERON:0011648 {source="Kardong"} ! jaw muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="Kardong"} ! mandibular nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011685
name: preorbitalis
is_a: UBERON:0011648 {source="Kardong"} ! jaw muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="Kardong"} ! mandibular nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011683 {source="Kardong"} ! adductor mandibulae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011686
name: spiracularis
is_a: UBERON:0011648 {source="Kardong"} ! jaw muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="Kardong"} ! mandibular nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011648 ! jaw muscle
name: jaw muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
relationship: has_function_in GO:0071626 ! mastication
synonym: "mandibular muscle" EXACT [TAO:0000236]
xref: XAO:0003269 ! jaw muscle
xref: AAO:0000247 ! jaw muscles
xref: TAO:0000236 ! mandibular muscle
xref: ZFA:0000236 ! mandibular muscle
synonym: "mandibular muscles" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0000236]
xref: EFO:0003511 ! mandibular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle
name: masticatory muscle
def: "In humans: Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)" [MESH:A02.633.567.600, Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication]
comment: Usage notes: we use this specifically for a jaw muscle that is innervates by the mandibular nerve. Development notes: Masticatory muscles (MM) originate from the somitomeres. These muscles develop late and are not complete even at birth. Tongue muscles develop before masticatory muscles and complete by birth [http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology]
synonym: "jaw muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "muscle of mastication" EXACT []
synonym: "musculi masticatorii" RELATED [Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication]
xref: FMA:74060 ! masticatory muscle
xref: GAID:145 ! masticatory muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.600 ! masticatory muscle
xref: SCTID:244769003  ! Muscle of mastication
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_of_the_Mastication ! Muscle of Mastication
is_a: UBERON:0011648 ! jaw muscle
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001134 {source="MESH"} ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="dbpedia"} ! mandibular nerve
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
synonym: "musculi masticatorii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray781.png
xref: UMLS:C0024890

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001598
name: temporalis muscle
def: "The temporal muscle is one of the muscles of mastication. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Temporal_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "temporalis" EXACT [MA:0002390]
synonym: "temporal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus temporalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:49006]
xref: EHDAA:10565 ! temporalis
xref: FMA:49006 ! Temporalis
xref: GAID:148 ! temporal muscle
xref: VHOG:0000929 ! temporalis
xref: MA:0002390 ! temporalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporal_Muscle ! Temporal Muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0002001 ! temporalis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gray382.png/200px-Gray382.png
xref: EMAPA:25138 ! temporalis
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.600.850 ! temporal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: has_function_in GO:0071626 ! mastication
synonym: "musculus temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0005467 {source="dbpedia"} ! platysma
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="dbpedia"} ! mandibular nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004660 {source="dbpedia", notes="coronoid process of the mandible."} ! mandible coronoid process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Gray382.png
property_value: external_definition "Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that is innervated by the deep temporal nerves and attaches to the wall of the braincase  and mandible.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: SCTID:181739008 ! Entire temporalis muscle
property_value: homology_notes "The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000929", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.333-334 and Table 10-4", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0039487

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011305
name: superficial part of temporalis
synonym: "temporalis, superficial" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001598 {source="FEED"} ! temporalis muscle
property_value: external_definition "The superficial temporalis muscle is a separable part of the temporalis muscle that attaches to the temporalis fascia.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011306
name: deep part of temporalis
synonym: "temporalis, deep" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001598 {source="FEED"} ! temporalis muscle
property_value: external_definition "The deep temporalis muscle is a separable part of the temporalis muscle that  that attaches to the bony wall of the braincase and is deep to the superficial temporalis.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011307
name: suprazygomatic part of temporalis
synonym: "temporalis, suprazygomatic" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001598 {source="FEED"} ! temporalis muscle
property_value: external_definition "The suprazygomatic part of the temporalis muscle is a separable part of the deep temporalis that attaches to the superior surface of the temporal root of the zygomatic arch.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011647
name: depressor mandibulae muscle
comment: Taxon notes: Homolog of levator operculi and epihyoidean - or in mammals, the stapedius (the digastric opens the jaws)[Kardong] The (sphenodon) m. Depressor Mandibulae originates from the posterodorsal edge of the parietal and squamosal, and from a small mid-line portion of connective tissue[http://palaeo-electronica.org/2009_2/179/other.htm]
synonym: "depressor labi mandibularis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "depressor labi mandibularis" EXACT []
synonym: "depressor mandibulae" EXACT [AAO:0010715]
is_a: UBERON:0011648 {source="AAO"} ! jaw muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="Kardong"} ! facial nerve
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003066 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: AAO:0010715 ! depressor mandibulae
xref: VHOG:0000813 ! levator operculi - stapedius muscle (also: UBERON:0011649 'levator operculi') (also: UBERON:0011650 'epihyoidean') (also: UBERON:0001599 'stapedius muscle')
property_value: homology_notes "The depressor mandibulae of tetrapods, which opens the jaws, is the homologue of the levator operculi and epihyoidean. In mammals, the depressor mandibulae evolves into the stapedius (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000813", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.398", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011649
name: levator operculi
def: "Hyoid muscle that originates at the ventrolateral margin of the pterotic and inserts in the dorsomesial edge of the opercle.  The levator operculi is responible for jaw depression, its force of contraction is transmitted through the opercular series and the interoperculo-mandibular ligament to the lower jaw." [ZFA:0000537]
comment: inserts onto operculum[Kardong]
synonym: "levator operculae" EXACT  [ZFA:0000537]
synonym: "levator operculi muscle" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0005493 {source="ZFA"} ! hyoid muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="Kardong"} ! facial nerve
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003066 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: TAO:0000537 ! levator operculi
xref: ZFA:0000537 ! levator operculi
xref: VHOG:0000813 ! levator operculi - stapedius muscle (also: UBERON:0011647 'depressor mandibulae muscle') (also: UBERON:0011650 'epihyoidean') (also: UBERON:0001599 'stapedius muscle')
property_value: homology_notes "The depressor mandibulae of tetrapods, which opens the jaws, is the homologue of the levator operculi and epihyoidean. In mammals, the depressor mandibulae evolves into the stapedius (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000813", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.398", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011650
name: epihyoidean
comment: Muscle in sharks that is homologous to levator operculi and depressor mandibulae / stapedius
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="Kardong"} ! facial nerve
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003066 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: VHOG:0000813 ! levator operculi - stapedius muscle (also: UBERON:0011647 'depressor mandibulae muscle') (also: UBERON:0011649 'levator operculi') (also: UBERON:0001599 'stapedius muscle')
property_value: homology_notes "The depressor mandibulae of tetrapods, which opens the jaws, is the homologue of the levator operculi and epihyoidean. In mammals, the depressor mandibulae evolves into the stapedius (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000813", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.398", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011687
name: levator hyomandibulae muscle
synonym: "levator hyomandibulae" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="Kardong"} ! facial nerve
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003066 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001599
name: stapedius muscle
def: "The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body. At just over one millimeter in length, its purpose is to stabilize the smallest bone in the body, the stapes. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Stapedius_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "stapedius" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001909]
xref: FMA:49027 ! Stapedius
xref: GAID:164 ! stapedius
xref: MA:0001220 ! stapedius
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Musculusstapedius.png/200px-Musculusstapedius.png
xref: EMAPA:18586 ! stapedius muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.950 ! stapedius
xref: EHDAA:9029 ! stapedius muscle
xref: VHOG:0000813 ! levator operculi - stapedius muscle (also: UBERON:0011647 'depressor mandibulae muscle') (also: UBERON:0011649 'levator operculi') (also: UBERON:0011650 'epihyoidean')
is_a: UBERON:0004113 ! muscle of auditory ossicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010929 ! stapedius pre-muscle condensation
xref: ncithesaurus:Stapedius_Muscle ! Stapedius Muscle
xref: SCTID:244780003 ! Entire stapedius muscle
synonym: "musculus stapedius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stapedius_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001687 {source="dbpedia", notes="neck of stapes"} ! stapes
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="Kardong"} ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Musculusstapedius.png
property_value: homology_notes "The depressor mandibulae of tetrapods, which opens the jaws, is the homologue of the levator operculi and epihyoidean. In mammals, the depressor mandibulae evolves into the stapedius (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000813", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.398", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0038151

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010929 ! stapedius pre-muscle condensation
name: stapedius pre-muscle condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009506 {source="EHDAA2"} ! associated mesenchyme of middle ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="EHDAA2"} ! middle ear
xref: EHDAA2:0001909 ! stapedius pre-muscle condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001600
alt_id: UBERON:0005238
name: tensor tympani
def: "the larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity, is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube. Its role is to dampen sounds produced from chewing. It arises from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjoining part of the great wing of the sphenoid, as well as from the osseous canal in which it is contained. Passing backward through the canal, it ends in a slender tendon which enters the tympanic cavity, makes a sharp bend around the extremity of the septum, known as the processus cochleariformis[1], and is inserted into the manubrium of the malleus, near its root[WP]." [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "M. tensor tympani" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
synonym: "tensor tympani muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
synonym: "tympanic muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
synonym: "eustachian muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus tensor tympani" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
xref: FMA:49028 ! Tensor tympani
xref: GAID:166 ! tensor tympani
xref: MA:0001221 ! tensor tympani
xref: ncithesaurus:Tensor_Tympani ! Tensor Tympani
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gray912.png/200px-Gray912.png
xref: EHDAA2:0002002 ! tensor tympani muscle
xref: EMAPA:18587 ! tensor tympani muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.975 ! tensor tympani
xref: EHDAA:10167 ! tensor tympani muscle
xref: EHDAA:10191 ! tensor tympani muscle
xref: VHOG:0000698
xref: SCTID:244779001 ! Entire tensor tympani muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004113 ! muscle of auditory ossicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="FMA"} ! middle ear
relationship: located_in UBERON:0004114 ! tympanic cavity
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010935 ! tensor tympani pre-muscle condensation
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002393 {source="dbpedia"} ! pharyngotympanic tube
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006722 {source="dbpedia", notes="handle of the malleus"} ! manubrium of malleus
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve"} ! mandibular nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Gray912.png
property_value: homology_notes "The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000698", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.333-334 and same reference Table 10-4", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0039529

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010935 ! tensor tympani pre-muscle condensation
name: tensor tympani pre-muscle condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009506 {source="EHDAA2"} ! associated mesenchyme of middle ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="EHDAA2"} ! middle ear
xref: EHDAA2:0002002 ! tensor tympani pre-muscle condensation (also: UBERON:0001600 'tensor tympani') (also: UBERON:0005238 'tensor tympani muscle')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006230
name: extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17845 ! extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass
xref: EHDAA2:0000483 ! extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass
xref: EHDAA:2925 ! extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003269 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeletal muscle of eye
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003314 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004277
name: eye muscle
def: "A muscle that is part of the eye region." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000271 ! eye muscle
xref: AAO:0000156 ! eye_muscles
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvYA8cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! eye muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="MA"} ! camera-type eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001601
name: extra-ocular muscle
alt_id: UBERON:0006229
def: "Skeletal muscle derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements." [GO:0002074, Wikipedia:Extraocular_muscles]
comment: AO notes: BTO and MA consider this part of the eye; we follow them here (inferred from skeletal muscle). Not clear if omission from FMA is deliberate. Editor notes: todo - resolve discrepancies in which muscles are considered extra-ocular. Taxon notes: Mammals have 7 extra-ocular muscles, but humans lack the M. retractor bulbi. Note in ZFA this is the set of muscles.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "extra-ocular skeletal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "extraocular muscle" EXACT  [FMA:49033]
synonym: "extrinsic muscle of eyeball" EXACT  [FMA:49033]
synonym: "extraocular skeletal muscle" EXACT [MA:0001271]
synonym: "extraocular musculature" EXACT [ZFA:0000511]
synonym: "extrinsic eye muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "extrinsic ocular muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000482]
xref: FMA:49033 ! Extra-ocular muscle
xref: VHOG:0000549 ! extraocular muscle
xref: MA:0001271 ! extraocular skeletal muscle
xref: FMA:49033 ! extra-ocular muscle
xref: ZFA:0000511 ! extraocular musculature
xref: BTO:0001579 ! extraocular muscle
xref: EFO:0001921 ! extraocular muscle
xref: EMAPA:18234 ! extrinsic ocular muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000482 ! extrinsic ocular muscle
xref: EHDAA:5729 ! extrinsic ocular muscle
xref: AAO:0010028 ! extrinsic
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MRI_of_human_eye.jpg/200px-MRI_of_human_eye.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0004277 {source="MA"} ! eye muscle
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003269 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeletal muscle of eye
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006230 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:181150000 ! Entire extraocular muscle
xref: TAO:0000511 ! extraocular musculature
synonym: "musculi externi bulbi oculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extraocular_muscles]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/MRI_of_human_eye.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Muscles surrounding the eye (bulbus oculi) and having an effect on eye movements.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010028", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Any of the six small muscles that control movement of the eyeball within the socket. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000549", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/extraocular+muscle", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these (extrinsic ocular) muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000549", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.331", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001604
name: levator palpebrae superioris
def: "The levator palpebrae superioris (or levator muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Levator_palpebrae_superioris]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:49041 ! Levator palpebrae superioris
xref: MA:0001272 ! levator palpebrae superioris
xref: ncithesaurus:Levator_Palpebrae_Superioris ! Levator Palpebrae Superioris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png
is_a: UBERON:0001601 {source="FMA"} ! extra-ocular muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001711 {source="FMA"} ! eyelid
xref: SCTID:244774006 ! Entire levator palpebrae superioris
xref: UMLS:C0224134

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011222
name: intra-ocular muscle
synonym: "intrinsic ocular muscle" EXACT [EMAPA:18808]
synonym: "intrinsic muscle of eyeball" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003386 {source="EMAPA"} ! smooth muscle of eye
xref: EMAPA:18808 ! intrinsic ocular muscle
xref: AAO:0010038 ! intrinsic
xref: FMA:49150 ! intra-ocular muscle
property_value: external_definition "Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010038", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001605
name: ciliary muscle
def: "The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle in the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Bowman`s muscles" RELATED [BTO:0000654]
synonym: "musculus ciliarus" EXACT [BTO:0000654]
xref: BTO:0000654
xref: FMA:49151 ! Ciliary muscle
xref: MA:0001269 ! ciliary muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Muscle ! Ciliary Muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray872.png/200px-Gray872.png
is_a: UBERON:0011222 {source="FMA"} ! intra-ocular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003386 {source="MA"} ! smooth muscle of eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001775 {source="FMA"} ! ciliary body
xref: SCTID:280862009 ! Entire ciliary muscle
synonym: "musculus ciliaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray872.png
xref: UMLS:C0559230

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010427
name: ciliary processes
def: "The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens." [Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001775 ! ciliary body
synonym: "ciliary process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes]
synonym: "ciliary processes" EXACT  [FMA:76551]
synonym: "ciliary processes set" EXACT  [FMA:76551]
synonym: "processus ciliares" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of ciliary processes" EXACT [FMA:76551]
xref: FMA:76551 ! set of ciliary processes
xref: SCTID:280860001 ! Entire ciliary processes
synonym: "processus ciliares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ciliary_processes]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Gray875.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001606
name: muscle of iris
def: "." [Wikipedia:Iris_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "iris muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "iris muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:49154 ! Muscle of iris
xref: MA:0001287 ! iris muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011222 {source="FMA"} ! intra-ocular muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris
xref: SCTID:280888007 ! Muscle of iris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001607
name: sphincter pupillae
def: "The iris sphincter muscle (pupillary sphincter, circular muscle of iris, circular fibers) is a muscle in the part of the eye called the iris. It encircles the eye, appropriate to its function as a constrictor. It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods. In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light or during accommodation. Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. It is controlled by parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, travel along the oculomotor nerve (CN III), synapse in the ciliary ganglion, and then enter the eye via the short ciliary nerves. Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type, but much later in life, so that ultimately most cells are of the striated muscle type. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: WP says: It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods; this class refers to the vertebrate structure. Function notes: constricts iris
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "circular fibers" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor pupillae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "iris constrictor muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "iris constrictor" RELATED []
synonym: "iris sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "pupillary constrictor muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "pupillary sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "pupillary sphincter muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "sphincter pupillae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "sphincter pupillae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "spincter pupillae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "iris sphincter muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000656]
synonym: "sphincter muscle of pupil" EXACT [BTO:0000656]
synonym: "musculus sphincter pupillae" EXACT [BTO:0000656]
synonym: "M. sphincter pupillae" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49157 ! Sphincter pupillae
xref: MA:0001289 ! sphincter pupillae
xref: BTO:0000656 ! iris sphincter muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray878.png/200px-Gray878.png
is_a: UBERON:0004234 {source="BTO"} ! iris smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphincter_Pupillae_Muscle ! sphincter pupillae muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001608 {source="dbpedia"} ! dilatator pupillae
synonym: "m. sphincter pupillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001769 {source="dbpedia", notes="encircles iris"} ! iris
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001769 {source="dbpedia", notes="encircles iris"} ! iris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray878.png
xref: SCTID:280889004 ! Entire sphincter pupillae muscle
xref: UMLS:C0229189

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001608
name: dilatator pupillae
def: "The iris dilator muscle (pupil dilator muscle, pupillary dilator, radial muscle of iris, radiating fibers), is a smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris and therefore fit as a dilator. It is innervated by the sympathetic system, which acts by releasing noradrenaline, which acts on α1-receptors. Thus, when presented with a threatening stimuli that activates the fight-or-flight response, this innervation dilates the iris, thus temporarily letting more light reach the retina. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dilator pupillae muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "iris dilator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "pupil dilator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "pupil dilator muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "pupillary dilator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "pupillary dilator muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "pupillary muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "radial muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "radial muscle of iris" EXACT [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "radiating fibers" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "dilator muscle of pupil" EXACT []
synonym: "dilator of pupil" EXACT []
synonym: "dilator pupillae" EXACT []
synonym: "dilator pupillae muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001371]
synonym: "musculus dilator pupillae" RELATED [BTO:0001371]
synonym: "iris dilator muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001371]
synonym: "iris dilator" RELATED []
synonym: "musculus dilatator pupillae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:49158]
xref: BTO:0001371 ! iris dilator muscle
xref: FMA:49158 ! Dilatator pupillae
xref: MA:0001288 ! dilatator pupillae
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray878.png/200px-Gray878.png
is_a: UBERON:0004234 {source="BTO"} ! iris smooth muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Dilator_Pupillae_Muscle ! Dilator Pupillae Muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001607 {source="dbpedia"} ! sphincter pupillae
synonym: "musculus dilatator pupillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001769 {source="dbpedia", notes="inner margins of iris"} ! iris
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001769 {source="dbpedia", notes="outer margins of iris"} ! iris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray878.png
xref: SCTID:280890008 ! Entire dilator pupillae muscle
xref: UMLS:C0229190

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001609 ! isthmus of thyroid gland
name: isthmus of thyroid gland
def: "The thyroid isthmus connects together the lower thirds of the lobes; it measures about 1.25 cm. in breadth, and the same in depth, and usually covers the second and third rings of the trachea. Its situation and size present, however, many variations. In the middle line of the neck it is covered by the skin and fascia, and close to the middle line, on either side, by the Sternothyreoideus. Across its upper border runs an anastomotic branch uniting the two superior thyroid arteries; at its lower border are the inferior thyroid veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thyroid_isthmus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "isthmus glandulae thyroideae" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroid gland isthmus" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroid isthmus" EXACT []
synonym: "isthmus" BROAD [VHOG:0000739]
xref: FMA:49178 ! Isthmus of thyroid gland
xref: MA:0000727 ! thyroid gland isthmus
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Isthmus ! Thyroid Gland Isthmus
xref: EHDAA2:0002031 ! thyroid isthmus
xref: VHOG:0000739 ! isthmus
xref: EHDAA:5777 ! isthmus
xref: EMAPA:18195 ! isthmus of thyroid of gland of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18829 ! isthmus of thyroid of gland of gut
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/200px-Gray1174.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
xref: SCTID:245539003 ! Entire isthmus of thyroid gland
synonym: "isthmus glandulae thyroideae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroid_isthmus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png
property_value: homology_notes "In mammals and in some reptiles, the thyroid is composed of two lobes connected by an isthmus; in birds and amphibians, the thyroid consists of two isolated lobes. (...) Despite these morphological differences, the ontogeny of the thyroid follows the same pattern in all vertebrates (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000739", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1210/er.2003-0028 De Felice M\, Di Lauro R\, Thyroid development and its disorders: genetics and molecular mechanisms. Endocrine Reviews (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229583

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001610
name: lingual artery
def: "The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lingual_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lingual branch of external carotid artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49526 ! Lingual artery
xref: MA:0001992 ! lingual artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfqDCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Lingual_Artery ! Lingual Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfqDCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lingual artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lingual_artery.PNG/200px-Lingual_artery.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: AAO:0010492 ! lingual artery
xref: SCTID:181327002 ! Entire lingual artery
synonym: "arteria lingualis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lingual_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Lingual_artery.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the tongue.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010492", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010492", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001723 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! tongue
xref: UMLS:C0226104

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001611
name: sublingual artery
def: "The Sublingual Artery arises at the anterior margin of the Hyoglossus, and runs forward between the Genioglossus and Mylohyoideus to the sublingual gland. It supplies the gland and gives branches to the Mylohyoideus and neighboring muscles, and to the mucous membrane of the mouth and gums. One branch runs behind the alveolar process of the mandible in the substance of the gum to anastomose with a similar artery from the other side; another pierces the Mylohyoideus and anastomoses with the submental branch of the external maxillary artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sublingual_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sublingual branch of lingual artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49543 ! Sublingual artery
xref: MA:0002049 ! sublingual artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Sublingual_Artery ! Sublingual Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gray559.png/200px-Gray559.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: AAO:0010491 ! sublingual artery
xref: SCTID:368706006 ! Entire sublingual branch of lingual artery
synonym: "arteria sublingualis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sublingual_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Gray559.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the tip of the snout where branches go to the tongue and the m. geniohyoideus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010491", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010491", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0226106

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001612
name: facial artery
def: "The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Facial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external maxillary artery" RELATED []
xref: FMA:49549 ! Facial artery
xref: MA:0001950 ! facial artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Facial_Artery ! Facial Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt95ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! external maxillary artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gray508.png/200px-Gray508.png
xref: EMAPA:19213 ! facial artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001070 ! external carotid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
xref: SCTID:181328007 ! Entire facial artery
synonym: "arteria maxillaris externa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Facial_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Gray508.png
xref: UMLS:C0226109

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001613
name: occipital artery
def: "The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Occipital_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:49586 ! Occipital artery
xref: MA:0002009 ! occipital artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Occipital_Artery ! Occipital Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwC1IFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! occipital artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gray508.png/200px-Gray508.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:244219005 ! Entire occipital artery
synonym: "arteria occipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipital_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Gray508.png
xref: UMLS:C0226117

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001614
name: superficial temporal artery
def: "In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:49650 ! Superficial temporal artery
xref: MA:0002062 ! superficial temporal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv33WkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0003747 ! superficial temporal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv33WkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! superficial temporal artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray1200.png/200px-Gray1200.png
is_a: UBERON:0001632 ! temporal artery
xref: SCTID:181325005 ! Entire superficial temporal artery
synonym: "arteria temporalis superficialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray1200.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001615
name: transverse facial artery
def: "The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transverse_facial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:49657 ! Transverse facial artery
xref: MA:0002068 ! transverse facial artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Transverse_Facial_Artery ! Transverse Facial Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray515.png/200px-Gray515.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:146551008 ! Entire transverse facial artery
synonym: "arteria transversa faciei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_facial_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray515.png
xref: UMLS:C0226132

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001616
name: maxillary artery
def: "The maxillary artery (or internal maxillary artery in older texts) is an artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery]
comment: Development notes: ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries [http://download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/Vascular_Devt.html]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "internal maxillary artery" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA:7357 ! maxillary artery
xref: FMA:49675 ! Maxillary artery
xref: GAID:498 ! maxillary artery
xref: MA:0001919 ! maxillary artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Artery ! Maxillary Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDJ45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! maxillary artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001069 ! maxillary artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gray510.png/200px-Gray510.png
xref: EMAPA:17311 ! maxillary artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.523 ! maxillary artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: directly_develops_from  UBERON:0003118 ! aortic arch 1
xref: SCTID:181326006 ! Entire maxillary artery
synonym: "arteria maxillaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gray510.png
xref: UMLS:C0024949

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001617
name: mental artery
def: "The inferior alveolar artery (inferior dental artery) is an artery of the face. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Mental_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "mental branch of inferior alveolar artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49701 ! Mental artery
xref: MA:0002002 ! mental artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Mental_Artery ! Mental Artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
synonym: "ramus mentalis (arteria alveolaris inferior)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:49701]
xref: SCTID:147561008 ! Entire mental artery
xref: UMLS:C0226144

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001618
name: buccal artery
def: "The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Buccal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:49754 ! Buccal artery
xref: MA:0001924 ! buccal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Buccal_Artery ! Buccal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gray508.png/200px-Gray508.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:148066005 ! Entire buccal artery
synonym: "arteria buccalis, arteria buccinatoria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Buccal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Gray508.png
xref: UMLS:C0226151

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000348
name: ophthalmic nerve
def: "the sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead." [MP:0009798, Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve]
comment: Taxon notes. See: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html
synonym: "first division of fifth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "first division of trigeminal nerve" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "nervus ophthalmicus (V1)" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "nervus ophthalmicus (Va)" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "ophthalmic division [V1]" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "ophthalmic division [Va]" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va)" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "ophthalmic nerve [V1]" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "ophthalmic nerve [Va]" EXACT [FMA:52621]
synonym: "trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division" EXACT [MA:0001104]
synonym: "ophthalmic division" RELATED [BTO:0000926]
synonym: "ciliary nerve" RELATED [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html]
synonym: "profundus nerve" RELATED [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html]
synonym: "opthalmic nerve" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve]
synonym: "ethmoidal nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve]
synonym: "ophthalmic division" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve]
synonym: "ramus opthalmicus profundus (ramus V1)" EXACT [AAO:0010648]
xref: BTO:0000926
xref: FMA:52621 ! Ophthalmic nerve
xref: MA:0001104 ! trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division
xref: ncithesaurus:Ophthalmic_Nerve ! Ophthalmic Nerve
xref: GAID:837 ! ophthalmic nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwEs_K5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ophthalmic nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0002088 ! trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division
xref: EMAPA:17800 ! ophthalmic division
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760.650 ! ophthalmic nerve
xref: VHOG:0001349 ! trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division
xref: EHDAA:3744 ! ophthalmic division
is_a: UBERON:0002003 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001645 {source="FMA"} ! trigeminal nerve
synonym: "nervus ophthalmicus [v1]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52621]
synonym: "nervus ophthalmicus [va]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52621]
xref: SCTID:280210000 ! Entire ophthalmic nerve
xref: AAO:0010648 ! ramus opthalmicus profundus (ramus V1)
property_value: external_definition "Sensory medial ramus of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010648", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "The profundus nerve is a distinct nerve only in fishes. (...) In mammals, the profundus nerve is the same as the most rostral (ophthalmic) branch of the trigeminal nerve.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001349", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.177", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0029082

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001619
name: ophthalmic artery
def: "The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic canal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery]
synonym: "opthalmic artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:7363 ! ophthalmic artery
xref: FMA:49868 ! Ophthalmic artery
xref: GAID:503 ! ophthalmic artery
xref: MA:0002011 ! ophthalmic artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcCxpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcCxpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ophthalmic artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001300 ! ophthalmic artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gray514.png/200px-Gray514.png
xref: EMAPA:17007 ! ophthalmic artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.622 ! ophthalmic artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001532 ! internal carotid artery
xref: AAO:0010497 ! ophthalmic artery
xref: SCTID:181310005 ! Entire ophthalmic artery
xref: XAO:0000368 ! ophthalmic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Opthalmic_Artery ! opthalmic artery
synonym: "arteria ophthalmica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray514.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of internal carotid which carries blood via branches to the eye, the eye muscles, and eyelids.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010497", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of internal carotid (AAO:0010219)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010497", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0029078

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011191 ! ophthalmic vein
name: ophthalmic vein
def: "Ophthalmic veins are veins which drain the eye. More specifically, they can refer to: Superior ophthalmic vein Inferior ophthalmic vein" [Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_veins]
synonym: "vena ophthalmica" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_veins]
synonym: "opthalmic vein" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004113]
is_a: UBERON:0009141 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! craniocervical region vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004113 ! opthalmic vein
xref: EMAPA:19313 ! ophthalmic vein
xref: XAO:0004169 ! ophthalmic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray572.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011192
name: superior ophthalmic vein
def: "The superior ophthalmic vein begins at the inner angle of the orbit in a vein named the nasofrontal which communicates anteriorly with the angular vein; it pursues the same course as the ophthalmic artery, and receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of that vessel. Forming a short single trunk, it passes between the two heads of the Rectus lateralis and through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure, and ends in the cavernous sinus. The ethmoidal veins drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. Vorticose veins also drain into the superior ophthalmic vein." [Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein]
synonym: "anterior ethmoidal vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein]
synonym: "posterior ethmoidal vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein]
synonym: "superior ophthalmic" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein]
synonym: "superior opthalmic vein" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011191 ! ophthalmic vein
xref: FMA:51246 ! superior ophthalmic vein
xref: SCTID:149481004 ! Entire superior ophthalmic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray572.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011193
name: inferior ophthalmic vein
def: "The inferior ophthalmic vein begins in a venous net-work at the forepart of the floor and medial wall of the orbit; it receives some vorticose veins and other veins from the Rectus inferior, Obliquus inferior, lacrimal sac and eyelids, runs backward in the lower part of the orbit and divides into two branches. One of these passes through the inferior orbital fissure and joins the pterygoid venous plexus, while the other enters the cranium through the superior orbital fissure and ends in the cavernous sinus, either by a separate opening, or more frequently in common with the superior ophthalmic vein." [Wikipedia:Inferior_ophthalmic_vein]
synonym: "inferior ophthalmic" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_ophthalmic_vein]
synonym: "inferior opthalmic vein" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011191 ! ophthalmic vein
xref: FMA:51247 ! inferior ophthalmic vein
xref: SCTID:149986001 ! Entire inferior ophthalmic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray572.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011194
name: ophthalmic plexus
def: "An autonomic plexus, entering the orbit in company with the ophthalmic artery, derived from the internal carotid plexus." [http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/ophthalmic%20plexus]
synonym: "opthalmic plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "ophthalmic nerve plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "ophthalmic plexus" EXACT [MA:0002185]
synonym: "plexus ophthalmicus" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0001810 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! nerve plexus
xref: MA:0002185 ! ophthalmic plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Ophthalmic_Plexus ! ophthalmic plexus
xref: UMLS:C1709326

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001622
name: lacrimal artery
def: "The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:49927 ! Lacrimal artery
xref: MA:0001988 ! lacrimal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Artery ! Lacrimal Artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:369324002 ! Entire lacrimal artery
synonym: "a. lacrimalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray514.png
xref: UMLS:C0226171

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001623
name: dorsal nasal artery
def: "The dorsal nasal artery (nasal artery) is an artery of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nasal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic artery" EXACT []
synonym: "external nasal artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:50000 ! Dorsal nasal artery
xref: MA:0001945 ! dorsal nasal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Nasal_Artery ! Dorsal Nasal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray515.png/200px-Gray515.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:369333000 ! Entire dorsal nasal artery
synonym: "arteria dorsalis nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nasal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray515.png
xref: UMLS:C0226194

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001624
name: anterior cerebral artery
def: "One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis." [Wikipedia:Anterior_cerebral_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:5296 ! anterior cerebral artery
xref: FMA:50028 ! Anterior cerebral artery
xref: GAID:485 ! anterior cerebral artery
xref: MA:0001915 ! anterior cerebral artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8biO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cerebral_Artery ! Anterior Cerebral Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8biO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! anterior cerebral artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000128 ! anterior cerebral artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray517.png/200px-Gray517.png
xref: EMAPA:17854 ! anterior cerebral artery
xref: EMAPA:18614 ! anterior of cerebral artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.100 ! anterior cerebral artery
is_a: UBERON:0004449 ! cerebral artery
xref: SCTID:181309000 ! Entire anterior cerebral artery
synonym: "arteria cerebri anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_cerebral_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Gray517.png
xref: UMLS:C0149561

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001625
name: right coronary artery
def: "Coronary artery which emerges from the anterior aortic sinus, between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the right side of the heart.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Right_coronary_artery, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "right coronary arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:50039 ! Right coronary artery
xref: MA:0002455 ! right coronary artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Coronary_Artery ! Right Coronary Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray492.png/200px-Gray492.png
is_a: UBERON:0001621 ! coronary artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
xref: SCTID:362037006 ! Entire right coronary artery
xref: EHDAA2:0004505 ! coronary artery right
synonym: "arteria coronaria dextra" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Right_coronary_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray492.png
xref: UMLS:C1261316

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001626
name: left coronary artery
def: "Coronary artery which emerges from the left posterior aortic sinus, between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the left side of the heart.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Left_coronary_artery, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "left coronary arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:50040 ! Left coronary artery
xref: MA:0002454 ! left coronary artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Coronary_Artery ! Left Coronary Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gray495.png/200px-Gray495.png
is_a: UBERON:0001621 ! coronary artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
xref: SCTID:362034004 ! Entire left coronary artery
xref: EHDAA2:0004504 ! coronary artery left
synonym: "arteria coronaria sinistra" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Left_coronary_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray495.png
xref: UMLS:C1261082

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001627
name: middle cerebral artery
def: "The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Middle_cerebral_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sylvian artery" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:5298 ! middle cerebral artery
xref: FMA:50079 ! Middle cerebral artery
xref: GAID:487 ! middle cerebral artery
xref: MA:0001935 ! middle cerebral artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvh3qQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Cerebral_Artery ! Middle Cerebral Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvh3qQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sylvian artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001179 ! middle cerebral artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray517.png/200px-Gray517.png
xref: EMAPA:18239 ! middle cerebral artery
xref: EMAPA:18615 ! middle of cerebral artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.550 ! middle cerebral artery
is_a: UBERON:0004449 ! cerebral artery
xref: SCTID:181312002 ! Entire middle cerebral artery
synonym: "arteria cerebri media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_cerebral_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Gray517.png
xref: UMLS:C0149566

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006347 ! communicating artery
name: communicating artery
comment: Grouping for anterior and posterior
xref: MA:0001938 ! communicating artery
xref: EMAPA:18598 ! communicating artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Communicating_Artery ! Communicating Artery
xref: UMLS:C1707451

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006764
name: anterior communicating artery
def: "In human anatomy, the anterior communicating artery is a blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis." [Wikipedia:Anterior_communicating_artery]
xref: FMA:50169 ! anterior communicating artery
xref: EMAPA:18599 ! anterior of communicating artery
is_a: UBERON:0006347 ! communicating artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001624 ! anterior cerebral artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003709 ! circle of Willis
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Communicating_Artery ! Anterior Communicating Artery
xref: SCTID:181311009 ! Entire anterior communicating artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000586 ! anterior communicating artery
synonym: "arteria communicans anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_communicating_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg
xref: UMLS:C0149562

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001628
name: posterior communicating artery
def: "In human anatomy, the posterior communicating artery is one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery." [Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery]
comment: Taxon notes: todo - verify ZFA link: An artery that connects caudal division of the internal carotid artery and the basal communicating artery to the basilar artery
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "PCA" RELATED []
synonym: "PCS" RELATED []
synonym: "caudal communicating segment" EXACT [ZFA:0005001]
synonym: "posterior communicating segment of the basilar artery" EXACT [ZFA:0005001]
xref: EHDAA:3352 ! posterior communicating artery
xref: FMA:50084 ! Posterior communicating artery
xref: MA:0002023 ! posterior communicating artery
xref: TAO:0005001 ! posterior communicating artery
xref: ZFA:0005001 ! posterior communicating artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Communicating_Artery ! Posterior Communicating Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! posterior communicating artery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001487 ! posterior communicating artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg/200px-Circle_of_Willis_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18600 ! posterior of communicating artery
is_a: UBERON:0006347 ! communicating artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001532 ! internal carotid artery
xref: SCTID:181314001 ! Entire posterior communicating artery
xref: EHDAA2:0004518 ! posterior communicating artery
synonym: "arteria cerebri communicans posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "An artery that connects caudal division of the internal carotid artery and the basal communicating artery to the basilar artery. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005001", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0003709 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! circle of Willis
xref: UMLS:C0149559

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001629
name: carotid body
def: "The carotid body (carotid glomus or glomus caroticum) is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat). The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Carotid_body]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000204
xref: FMA:50095 ! Carotid body
xref: GAID:813 ! carotid body
xref: MA:0002463 ! carotid body
xref: ncithesaurus:Carotid_Body ! Carotid Body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray1186.png/200px-Gray1186.png
xref: EMAPA:19211 ! carotid body
xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700.120.600.150 ! carotid body
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001530 ! common carotid artery
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001070 ! external carotid artery
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001532 ! internal carotid artery
xref: SCTID:362586000 ! Entire carotid body
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glomus caroticum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Carotid_body]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray1186.png
xref: UMLS:C0007277

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002204
name: musculoskeletal system
def: "Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems." [VSAO:0000031, Wikipedia:Musculoskeletal_system]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculo-skeletal system" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7482 ! Musculoskeletal system
xref: GAID:98 ! musculoskeletal system
xref: VHOG:0001275 ! musculoskeletal system
xref: MA:0002418 ! musculoskeletal system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g
xref: XAO:0000168 ! musculoskeletal system
xref: ncithesaurus:Musculoskeletal_System ! Musculoskeletal System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g ! musculoskeletal system
xref: MESH:A02 ! musculoskeletal system
xref: EV:0100139 ! musculoskeletal system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: has_function_in GO:0040011 ! locomotion
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body
xref: AAO:0010546 ! musculoskeletal system
xref: SCTID:278858007 ! Entire musculoskeletal system
xref: VSAO:0000031 ! musculoskeletal system
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010546", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001275", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21246 Shearman RM\, Burke AC\, The lateral somitic frontier in ontogeny and phylogeny. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "musculoskeletal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0026860

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000383
name: musculature of body
def: "Anatomical system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]." [VSAO:0000033]
comment: AO notes: we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA
synonym: "set of all muscles" EXACT [FMA:72954]
synonym: "muscular system" EXACT [FMA:72954]
synonym: "muscle system of body" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle system" EXACT []
synonym: "set of muscles of body" EXACT [FMA:72954]
synonym: "musculature system" EXACT [BILA:0000088]
synonym: "muskelsystem" RELATED [BTO:0001485]
synonym: "vertebrate muscular system" EXACT [BTO:0001369]
xref: BTO:0001485
xref: EFO:0000801 ! muscular system
xref: FMA:72954 ! Muscular system
xref: MA:0002888 ! muscular system
xref: FBbt:00005069 ! muscle system
xref: MAT:0000025 ! muscle system
xref: MIAA:0000025 ! muscle system
xref: AAO:0000307 ! muscular system
xref: BILA:0000088 ! musculature system
xref: BTO:0001369 ! vertebrate muscular system
xref: VSAO:0000033 ! muscular system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6040 ! Porifera
xref: XAO:0004042 ! muscular system
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000033", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001015
name: musculature
def: "A subdivision of the muscular system." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Muscular_system]
comment: AO notes: In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "muscle group" EXACT []
synonym: "muscles" RELATED []
synonym: "muscles set" EXACT []
synonym: "musculature" EXACT []
synonym: "musculature system" RELATED []
synonym: "muscle system" RELATED []
synonym: "set of muscles" EXACT [FMA:32558]
synonym: "set of skeletal muscles" EXACT [MA:0000165]
xref: BTO:0000887
xref: FMA:32558 ! Musculature
xref: MA:0000165 ! set of skeletal muscles
xref: ZFA:0000548 ! musculature system
xref: TAO:0000548 ! musculature system
xref: WBbt:0005737 ! muscular system
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle ! Muscle
xref: EFO:0001949 ! muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! musculature
is_a: UBERON:0000480 ! anatomical group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
synonym: "musculi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:32558]
xref: AAO:0011066 ! muscle (also: UBERON:0001630 'muscle organ')
xref: VSAO:0005038 ! musculature
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Muscles_anterior_labeled.png
xref: UMLS:C0026845

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002385
name: muscle tissue
def: "Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]." [Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue, GO:0060537, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2801266&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
comment: Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "muscular tissue" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "textus muscularis" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of muscle tissue" EXACT [FMA:9641]
xref: AAO:0000306 ! muscle_tissue
xref: FMA:9641 ! Portion of muscle tissue
xref: MA:0002437 ! muscle tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_Tissue ! Muscle Tissue
xref: galen:MuscleTissue ! muscle tissue
xref: EHDAA2:0003122 ! muscle tissue
xref: AEO:0000122 ! muscle tissue
xref: MESH:A02.633 ! muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000187 ! muscle cell
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003714 ! neural tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
relationship: capable_of GO:0006936 ! muscle contraction
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003714 ! neural tissue
xref: SCTID:91727004 ! Muscle tissue
property_value: external_definition "One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000306", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C2328219

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005090 ! muscle structure
name: muscle structure
def: "Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]." [GO:0061061]
synonym: "muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "muscle element" RELATED []
comment: Usage notes: in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila
xref: FBbt:00005073 ! somatic muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: has_part CL:0000187 ! muscle cell
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001630
name: muscle organ
def: "Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of skeletal muscle tissue aggregated into macroscopic fasciculi by connective tissue; together with other muscles, it constitutes the muscular system. Examples: biceps, diaphragm, masseter, right third external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani, serratus anterior[FMA]." [GO:0007517]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "muscle" BROAD [ZFA:0005145]
xref: FMA:5022 ! Muscle organ
xref: GAID:131 ! muscle
xref: VHOG:0001245 ! muscle
xref: MA:0000015 ! muscle organ
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0005145 ! muscle
xref: XAO:0000172 ! muscle
xref: ZFA:0005145 ! muscle
xref: EV:0100146 ! muscle
is_a: UBERON:0005090 ! muscle structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
xref: galen:Muscle
xref: AAO:0011066 ! muscle (also: UBERON:0001015 'musculature')
xref: SCTID:71616004 ! Skeletal and/or smooth muscle structure
subset: organ_slim
property_value: has_relational_adjective "muscular" xsd:string
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005145", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001245", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.75", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002036
name: striated muscle tissue
def: "Tissue which consists of striated muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue[FMA]." [FMA:67905, Wikipedia:Striated_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "striated muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:67905 ! Striated muscle tissue
xref: MA:0002438 ! striated muscle tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Striated_Muscle_Tissue ! Striated Muscle Tissue
xref: galen:StriatedMuscle ! striated muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! striated muscle
xref: AEO:0000140 ! striated musccle tissue
xref: WBbt:0005779 ! striated muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000737 ! striated muscle cell
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000737 ! striated muscle cell
xref: AAO:0010762 ! striated muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0003140 ! striated muscle tissue
property_value: external_definition "Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010762", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:CAM"}
xref: UMLS:C1331262

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001133
name: cardiac muscle tissue
alt_id: UBERON:0007096
def: "Muscle composed of cardiac muscle cells that is part of the heart[ZFA]. involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the heart, specifically the myocardium[Wikipedia]. Tissue which consists of cardiac myocytes surrounded by cardiac endomysium. Examples: Cardiac muscle tissue proper, conducting tissue of heart[FMA]." [FMA:14068]
comment: check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac musculature" RELATED [BILA:0000134]
xref: BTO:0000199
xref: BILA:0000134 ! cardiac musculature
xref: FMA:14068 ! Cardiac muscle tissue
xref: galen:CardiacMuscle
xref: galen:CardiacMuscleTissue
xref: ZFA:0005280 ! cardiac muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0003142 ! cardiac muscle tissue
xref: AEO:0000142 ! cardiac muscle tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle ! Heart Muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000746 ! cardiac muscle cell
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000746 ! cardiac muscle cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 {source="ZFA"} ! heart
xref: AAO:0010245 ! cardiac muscle
xref: TAO:0005280 ! cardiac muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004493
name: cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editors note: Note placement of MA class based on parthood relationship
xref: FMA:261726 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium
xref: MA:0002441 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002349 {source="MA"} ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001134
name: skeletal muscle tissue
def: "Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA]. Striated muscle tissue under control of the somatic nervous system. It is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac and smooth muscle. As its name suggests, most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons. Skeletal muscle is made up of individual components known as muscle fibers. These fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts. The myofibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of actin and myosin myofibrils repeated as a sarcomere, the basic functional unit of the cell and responsible for skeletal muscle's striated appearance and forming the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction. The term muscle refers to multiple bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue[WP]." [Wikipedia:Skeletal_striated_muscle]
comment: TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "skeletal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "skeletal muscle organ" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal muscle system" RELATED [BTO:0001103]
synonym: "somatic muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001103]
xref: BTO:0001103 ! skeletal muscle
xref: EFO:0000888 ! skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA:2923 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0003269 'skeletal muscle of eye')
xref: EHDAA:5035 ! skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA:5043 ! skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA:5978 ! skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA:5984 ! skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA:8277 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0003272 'skeletal muscle of arm')
xref: EHDAA:8291 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0003270 'skeletal muscle of leg')
xref: EHDAA:8326 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0003271 'skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle')
xref: EHDAA:9146 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0003273 'skeletal muscle of tongue')
xref: FMA:14069 ! Skeletal muscle tissue
xref: VHOG:0000319 ! skeletal muscle
xref: MA:0002439 ! skeletal muscle tissue
xref: MAT:0000302 ! skeletal muscle
xref: MIAA:0000302 ! skeletal muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000174 ! skeletal muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue ! Skeletal Muscle Tissue
xref: ZFA:0005277 ! skeletal muscle
xref: GAID:141 ! skeletal muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! skeletal muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567 ! skeletal muscle
xref: EV:0100377 ! skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0001842 ! skeletal muscle system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003082 ! myotome
xref: AAO:0011099 ! skeletal muscle
xref: SCTID:426215008 ! Skeletal muscle tissue
xref: TAO:0005277 ! skeletal muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Skeletal_muscle.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005277", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000319", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:10368962 Oota S\, Saitou N\, Phylogenetic relationship of muscle tissues deduced from superimposition of gene trees. Mol Biol Evol (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0242692

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006907
name: slow muscle tissue
def: "The darker-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of slow twitch muscle fibers." [BTO:0002317]
comment: Notes: The fast and slow skeletal muscles are different in terms of twitching speed (Fitts 1994), and they are believed to be derived from distinct myogenic precursors (Stockdale 1992). AO notes: check if CALOHA term is for fiber or tissue. Editor notes: check if relationship to cell types should be more specific type I cells
synonym: "red muscle" RELATED [BTO:0002317]
synonym: "slow skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "slow muscle" EXACT [BTO:0002317]
synonym: "slow-twitch skeletal muscle" EXACT [CALOHA:TS-0940]
xref: BTO:0002317 ! slow muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000189 ! slow muscle cell
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000189 ! slow muscle cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_Fibers_Slow-Twitch ! muscle fibers, slow-twitch
xref: CALOHA:TS-0940 ! Slow-twitch skeletal muscle
xref: UMLS:C0242874

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006908
name: fast muscle tissue
def: "The paler-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of fast twitch muscle fibers." [BTO:0002318]
comment: The fast and slow skeletal muscles are different in terms of twitching speed (Fitts 1994), and they are believed to be derived from distinct myogenic precursors (Stockdale 1992)
synonym: "white muscle" RELATED [BTO:0002318]
synonym: "fast skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "fast muscle" EXACT [BTO:0002318]
xref: BTO:0002318 ! fast muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000190 ! fast muscle cell
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000190 ! fast muscle cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_Fibers_Fast-Twitch ! muscle fibers, fast-twitch
xref: UMLS:C0242873

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000953
name: obsolete visceral muscle
def: "involuntary non-striated muscle." [Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle]
comment: terminological note: GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably
synonym: "adult visceral muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "smooth muscle" EXACT []
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001135
name: smooth muscle tissue
def: "Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. Tissue which consists of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Examples: Arrector muscle of hair, Muscularis mucosae." [Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue]
comment: terminological note: GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "involuntary muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "non-striated muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "smooth muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral muscle" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "visceral muscle tissue" NARROW SENSU []
xref: BTO:0001260
xref: EFO:0000889 ! smooth muscle
xref: FBbt:00003525 ! adult visceral muscle
xref: FMA:14070 ! Smooth muscle tissue
xref: GAID:167 ! smooth muscle
xref: VHOG:0001246 ! smooth muscle
xref: MAT:0000303 ! smooth muscle
xref: MA:0000166 ! smooth muscle tissue
xref: MIAA:0000303 ! smooth muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! Smooth Muscle Tissue
xref: ZFA:0005274 ! smooth muscle
xref: WBbt:0005781 ! smooth muscle
xref: XAO:0000175 ! smooth muscle
xref: galen:SmoothMuscle ! smooth muscle
xref: galen:SmoothMuscleTissue ! smooth muscle tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvSS3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! involuntary muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0003141 ! smooth muscle tissue
xref: AEO:0000141 ! smooth muscle tissue
xref: MESH:A02.633.570 ! smooth muscle
xref: EV:0100378 ! smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000192 ! smooth muscle cell
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000192 ! smooth muscle cell
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: has_part GO:0071953 ! elastic fiber
synonym: "textus muscularis nonstriatus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14070]
xref: AAO:0010244 ! smooth muscle
xref: TAO:0005274 ! smooth muscle
synonym: "textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Glatte_Muskelzellen.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010244", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:CAM"}
property_value: external_definition "A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells.  Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005274", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an “acoel-like” smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001246", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21416 Chiodin M\, Achatz JG\, Wanninger A\, Martinez P\, Molecular architecture of muscles in an acoel and its evolutionary implications. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1267092

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001631
name: thoracic duct
def: "Lymphatic trunk that connects all tributaries of the thoracic duct tree to the trunk of the left brachiocephalic vein[FMA]." [FMA:5031, Wikipedia:Thoracic_duct]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "trunk of thoracic duct tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:5031 ! Thoracic duct
xref: GAID:1290 ! thoracic duct
xref: MA:0002801 ! thoracic duct
xref: TAO:0005110 ! thoracic duct
xref: ZFA:0005110 ! thoracic duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Duct ! Thoracic Duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gray599.png/200px-Gray599.png
xref: EMAPA:19310 ! thoracic duct
xref: MESH:A15.382.520.869 ! thoracic duct
is_a: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002065 ! posterior cardinal vein
xref: SCTID:362600004 ! Entire thoracic duct
xref: EHDAA2:0004501 ! thoracic duct
synonym: "ductus thoracicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thoracic_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray599.png
xref: UMLS:C0039979

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001632
name: temporal artery
def: "In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Temporal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:50438 ! Temporal artery
xref: GAID:489 ! temporal artery
xref: MA:0002061 ! temporal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporal_Artery ! Temporal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray1200.png/200px-Gray1200.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.868 ! temporal artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: AAO:0010495 ! temporal artery
property_value: external_definition "Part of lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the eyelids.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010495", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of lateral pretrosal artery (AAO:0010494)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010495", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0039482

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001633
name: basilar artery
def: "In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Basilar_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: unverified_taxonomic_grouping
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "BA" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA:5285 ! basilar artery
xref: FMA:50542 ! Basilar artery
xref: GAID:474 ! basilar artery
xref: VHOG:0000237 ! basilar artery
xref: MA:0001920 ! basilar artery
xref: TAO:0005002 ! basilar artery
xref: ZFA:0005002 ! basilar artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Basilar_Artery ! Basilar Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJTtcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! basilar artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000163 ! basilar artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg/200px-Circle_of_Willis_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17307 ! basilar artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.106 ! basilar artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001535 ! vertebral artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002200 ! vasculature of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001533 ! subclavian artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001535 {source="EHDAA2"} ! vertebral artery
xref: SCTID:244215004 ! Entire basilar artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg
property_value: homology_notes "The major artery supplying the hindbrain, the basilar artery, runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain in all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000237", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1242/dev.058776 Fujita M\, Cha YR\, Pham VN\, Sakurai A\, Roman BL\, Gutkind JS\, Weinstein BM\, Assembly and patterning of the vascular network of the vertebrate hindbrain. Development (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0004811

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001634
name: mesencephalic artery
def: "Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010205-5'>Isogai et al.2001.</a>" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: Editor notes: review this term, check taxon scope
synonym: "MsA" RELATED []
xref: FMA:50570 ! Mesencephalic artery
xref: TAO:0001068 ! mesencephalic artery
xref: ZFA:0001068 ! mesencephalic artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
xref: XAO:0004173 ! mesencephalic artery
property_value: external_definition "Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001068", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from primitive mesencephalic artery (TAO:0001062)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001068", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010205
name: mesencephalic vein
def: "One of the several veins that drain the mesencephalon; the posterior ones are tributaries to the great cerebral vein; the lateral ones are tributaries to the basal vein. The main veins are: pontomesencephalic vein [TA] (vena pontomesencephalica [TA]), interpeduncular veins [TA] (venae interpedunculares [TA]), intercollicular vein [TA] (vena intercollicularis [TA]), and lateral mesencephalic vein [TA] (vena mesencephalica lateralis [TA])[MedLex]. The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet it's partner the mesencephalic artery[XAO]." [XAO:0004174, http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=97378]
comment: Editor notes: review this term, check taxon scope; note FMA has specific subtypes
synonym: "venae mesencephalicae" EXACT PLURAL [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=venae+mesencephalicae]
synonym: "vena mesencephalica" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=venae+mesencephalicae]
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="XAO"} ! vein
xref: XAO:0004174 ! mesencephalic vein
xref: ZFA:0005092 ! mesencephalic vein
xref: TAO:0005092 ! mesencephalic vein
xref: SCTID:43225002 ! Entire mesencephalic vein
synonym: "msv" RELATED [TAO:0005092]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009688
name: posterior inferior cerebellar artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="EHDAA2"} ! artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001535 {source="EHDAA2"} ! vertebral artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001535 {source="FMA"} ! vertebral artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001535 {source="FMA"} ! vertebral artery
xref: FMA:50518 ! posterior inferior cerebellar artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000660 ! posterior inferior cerebellar artery
synonym: "posterior inferior cerebellar artery" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000660]
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Inferior_Cerebellar_Artery ! Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
xref: SCTID:244212001 ! Entire posterior inferior cerebellar artery
xref: UMLS:C0149573

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009689
name: anterior inferior cerebellar artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="EHDAA2"} ! artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001633 {source="EHDAA2"} ! basilar artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001532 {source="EHDAA2"} ! internal carotid artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001633 {source="FMA"} ! basilar artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001633 {source="FMA"} ! basilar artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003472 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cerebellar artery
xref: FMA:50544 ! anterior inferior cerebellar artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000587 ! anterior inferior cerebellar artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Inferior_Cerebellar_Artery ! Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
xref: SCTID:244213006 ! Entire anterior inferior cerebellar artery
xref: UMLS:C0226245

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001635
name: superior cerebellar artery
def: "The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery. It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries. Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:50573 ! Superior cerebellar artery
xref: MA:0001934 ! superior cerebellar artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Cerebellar_Artery ! Superior Cerebellar Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CerebellumArteries.jpg/200px-CerebellumArteries.jpg
xref: EMAPA:19309 ! superior cerebellar artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001633 ! basilar artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
xref: SCTID:244214000 ! Entire superior cerebellar artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000681 ! superior cerebellar artery
synonym: "arteria superior cerebelli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/CerebellumArteries.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0149575

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001636
name: posterior cerebral artery
def: "The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Posterior_cerebral_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:50583 ! Posterior cerebral artery
xref: GAID:488 ! posterior cerebral artery
xref: MA:0002022 ! posterior cerebral artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cerebral_Artery ! Posterior Cerebral Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwO4qIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! posterior cerebral artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray517.png/200px-Gray517.png
xref: EMAPA:17861 ! posterior cerebral artery
xref: EMAPA:18616 ! posterior of cerebral artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.700 ! posterior cerebral artery
is_a: UBERON:0004449 ! cerebral artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001633 ! basilar artery
xref: SCTID:181313007 ! Entire posterior cerebral artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000659 ! posterior cerebral artery
synonym: "arteria cerebri posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_cerebral_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Gray517.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001633 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! basilar artery
xref: UMLS:C0149576

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003509 ! arterial blood vessel
name: arterial blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta.
xref: MA:0000061 ! arterial blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004572 ! arterial system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001637
name: artery
def: "An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]." [AEO:JB]
comment: Editor notes: Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "arterial subtree" EXACT []
synonym: "arterial system" RELATED []
synonym: "arterial tree organ part" EXACT []
synonym: "arterial vessel" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000573
xref: EFO:0000814 ! artery
xref: FMA:50720 ! Artery
xref: GAID:468 ! artery
xref: galen:Artery
xref: VHOG:0001251 ! artery
xref: MA:0000064 ! artery
xref: MAT:0000034 ! artery
xref: MIAA:0000034 ! artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Artery
xref: TAO:0000005 ! artery
xref: XAO:0000114 ! artery
xref: ZFA:0000005 ! artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjknZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000143 ! arterial system (also: UBERON:0004572 'arterial system')
xref: AEO:0000208 ! artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114 ! artery
xref: EV:0100026 ! artery
xref: EHDAA2:0003253 ! artery
is_a: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004572 ! arterial system
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: AAO:0010211 ! artery
xref: SCTID:362877004 ! Entire artery
property_value: external_definition "Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010211", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
synonym: "arteries" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0000005]
property_value: homology_notes "The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001251", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH\, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "arterial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0003842

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001638
name: vein
def: "Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart." [Wikipedia:Vein]
comment: TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "venous subtree" BROAD []
synonym: "venous tree organ part" EXACT []
synonym: "venous vessel" BROAD []
xref: BTO:0000234
xref: EFO:0000816 ! vein
xref: FMA:50723 ! Vein
xref: GAID:492 ! vein
xref: VHOG:0001252 ! vein
xref: MA:0000067 ! vein
xref: MAT:0000037 ! vein
xref: MIAA:0000037 ! vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000082 ! vein
xref: XAO:0000115 ! vein
xref: ZFA:0000082 ! vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Vein ! Vein
xref: galen:Vein ! vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Venous_system_en.svg/200px-Venous_system_en.svg.png
xref: AEO:0000209 ! vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908 ! vein
xref: EV:0100031 ! vein
xref: EHDAA2:0003254 ! vein
is_a: UBERON:0003920 ! venous blood vessel
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
xref: AAO:0010212 ! vein
xref: SCTID:181367001 ! Entire vein
xref: VHOG:0001743 ! vein
synonym: "vena" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Venous_system_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010212", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
synonym: "venae" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0001743]
property_value: homology_notes "The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001743", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH\, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0042449

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005806 ! portal system
name: portal system
def: "In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]." [Wikipedia:Portal_venous_system]
xref: FMA:45628 ! portal venous system
synonym: "portal venous system" EXACT [FMA:45628]
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system
xref: ncithesaurus:Portal_Venous_System ! Portal Venous System
xref: SCTID:362063001 ! Entire portal venous system
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.670 ! portal system
xref: UMLS:C0226727

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010194 ! hepatic portal system
name: hepatic portal system
def: "A portal system that begins in capillaries in the wall of the digestive tract and and runs as the hepatic portal vein to the liver." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0005806 ! portal venous system
xref: AAO:0010225 ! hepatic-portal system
synonym: "hepatic-portal system" EXACT [AAO:0010225]
synonym: "portal system of liver" EXACT []
property_value: external_definition "Part of the circulatory system which includes the ventral abdominal vein, pelvic veins, and portal vein and collects blood from the pelvic region, liver, gall bladder and stomach.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010225", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010195
name: renal portal system
def: "A portal system that transports blood returning from capillary beds within tail or hindlimbs through paired renal portal veins that empty into capillaries within the kidneys." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Function notes: function not well understood. Taxon notes: present in all classes of vertebrates except mammals; the mammalian kidney has a low pressure vascular network that may be its counterpart [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "renal-portal system" EXACT [AAO:0010518]
synonym: "portal system of kidney" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005806 ! portal venous system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! Mammalia
xref: AAO:0010518 ! renal-portal system
property_value: external_definition "Part of the circulatory system in which the veins of the hindlimb combine to form the pair Jacobson's veins which receive many small vesicles from the kidney and also collects blood from the oviducal vein.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010518", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002017
name: portal vein
def: "A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]." [BTO:0001792]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "portal venous tree organ part" EXACT  [FMA:66645]
xref: EHDAA:6510 ! portal vein
xref: FMA:66645 ! Portal vein
xref: GAID:540 ! portal vein
xref: VHOG:0000656 ! portal vein
xref: MA:0002198 ! portal vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_bem5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000392 ! portal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Portal_Vein ! Portal Vein
xref: BTO:0001792 ! portal vein
xref: galen:PortalVein ! portal vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_bem5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! portal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001485 ! portal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png
xref: EMAPA:17349 ! portal vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.670.567 ! portal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="FMA"} ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005806 ! portal venous system
xref: SCTID:362064007 ! Entire portal vein
xref: UMLS:C0032718

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001639
name: hepatic portal vein
def: "A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. A vein in the abdominal cavity that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen. It is usually formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, and also receives blood from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of the main portal venous systems in the body. Conditions involving the hepatic portal vein cause considerable illness and death. An important example of such a condition is elevated blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein. This condition, called portal hypertension, is a major complication of cirrhosis worldwide. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3091300&group_id=76834&atid=1205376, ISBN10:0073040584]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hepatic portal tree" EXACT []
synonym: "HPV" RELATED []
synonym: "primary hepatic portal veins" RELATED []
synonym: "portal vein" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "liver portal vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portal vein of liver" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary hepatic portal vein" RELATED [ZFA:0005090]
xref: FMA:50735 ! Hepatic portal vein
xref: VHOG:0000642 ! hepatic portal vein
xref: MA:0002132 ! hepatic portal vein
xref: TAO:0005090 ! hepatic portal vein
xref: ZFA:0005090 ! hepatic portal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gray591.png/200px-Gray591.png
is_a: UBERON:0002017 {source="MA"} ! portal vein
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002107 ! liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010194 ! hepatic portal system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005487 {source="Wikipedia:Vitelline_vein"} ! vitelline vein
xref: AAO:0010214 ! hepatic portal vein
synonym: "vena portae hepatis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png
property_value: homology_notes "Adults of all vertebrates lose the vitelline veins and establish a single large hepatic portal vein (...) by the selective retention of parts of the left and right subintestinals and of several anastomoses that occur between them within and just posterior to the liver.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000642", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.265", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010193
name: renal portal vein
def: "A portal vein that empties into capillaries within the kidneys." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Function notes: function not well understood. [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "renal portal veins" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000577]
xref: TAO:0000577 ! renal portal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="ZFA"} ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002201 {source="ZFA"} ! vasculature of trunk
xref: ZFA:0000577 ! renal portal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012254 ! abdominal aorta artery
name: abdominal aorta artery
def: "An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta" [UBERON:cjm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_aorta#Branches]
synonym: "artery of abdomen" EXACT []
synonym: "abdominal artery" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: branch_of UBERON:0001516 ! abdominal aorta
xref: SCTID:281470000 ! Entire artery of abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001640
name: celiac artery
def: "The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta." [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
comment: dorsal aorta in Kardong
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coeliac artery" EXACT [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "coeliac trunk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "celiac tree" EXACT []
synonym: "coeliac axis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "coeliac trunck" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "coeliac trunk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "truncus coeliacus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "truncus cœliacus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "truncus coeliacus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "arteria cœliaca" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "arteria coeliaca" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
xref: FMA:50737 ! Celiac artery
xref: GAID:483 ! celiac artery
xref: MA:0001931 ! celiac artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Coeliac_Artery ! Coeliac Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray532.png/200px-Gray532.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.207 ! celiac artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 {source="FMA"} ! systemic artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia", notes="dorsal aorta in primitive verts"} ! abdominal aorta
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006002 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vitelline artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000160 {source="Kardong"} ! intestine
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000945 {source="Kardong"} ! stomach
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002106 {source="Kardong"} ! spleen
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002107 {source="Kardong"} ! liver
xref: SCTID:181340007 ! Entire celiac artery
xref: EHDAA2:0004519 ! coeliac trunk (also: UBERON:0006637 'coeliac trunk')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png
xref: UMLS:C0007569

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005616
name: mesenteric artery
def: "Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines." [MESH:A07.231.114.565, Wikipedia:Mesenteric_artery]
comment: Editors note: includes posterior and anterior mesenteric arteries, which branch from the dorsal aorta (see Kardong), and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
xref: MA:0002003 ! mesenteric artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001123 ! mesenteric artery
xref: BTO:0000779 ! mesenteric artery
xref: EMAPA:17312 ! mesenteric artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.565 ! mesenteric artery
xref: VHOG:0001117 ! mesenteric artery
xref: EHDAA:4343 ! mesenteric artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia"} ! abdominal aorta
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Artery ! Mesenteric Artery
xref: SCTID:281084003 ! Entire mesenteric artery
xref: XAO:0000370 ! arteria mesenterica posterior
xref: UMLS:C0025465

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001641
name: transverse sinus
def: "The transverse sinuses (left and right lateral sinuses), within a human head, are two areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the back of the head towards the nose. They drain from the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus (along the top and back of the brain) to the sigmoid sinuses (at the center of the head), at the internal jugular vein. See diagram (at right): labeled under the brain as '' . The transverse sinuses are of large size and begin at the internal occipital protuberance; one, generally the right, being the direct continuation of the superior sagittal sinus, the other of the straight sinus. Each transverse sinus passes lateralward and forward, describing a slight curve with its convexity upward, to the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and lies, in this part of its course, in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli; it then leaves the tentorium and curves downward and medialward to reach the jugular foramen, where it ends in the internal jugular vein. In its course it rests upon the squama of the occipital, the mastoid angle of the parietal, the mastoid part of the temporal, and, just before its termination, the jugular process of the occipital; the portion which occupies the groove on the mastoid part of the temporal is sometimes termed the sigmoid sinus. The transverse sinuses are frequently of unequal size, with the one formed by the superior sagittal sinus being the larger; they increase in size as they proceed, from back to center. On transverse section, the horizontal portion exhibits a prismatic form, the curved portion has a semicylindrical form. They receive the blood from the superior petrosal sinuses at the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; they communicate with the veins of the pericranium by means of the mastoid and condyloid emissary veins; and they receive some of the inferior cerebral and inferior cerebellar veins, and some veins from the diploë. The petrosquamous sinus, when present, runs backward along the junction of the squama and petrous portion of the temporal, and opens into the transverse sinus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses]
comment: todo - check su
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "groove for right and left transverse sinuses" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses]
synonym: "sinus transversus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses]
synonym: "transverse sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses]
synonym: "transverse sinus vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses]
synonym: "sinus transversus durae matris" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses]
xref: FMA:50763 ! Transverse sinus
xref: MA:0001868 ! transverse sinus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwDb62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! transverse sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif/200px-Gray488_blue.gif
xref: EMAPA:18637 ! transverse
is_a: UBERON:0006615 {source="MA"} ! venous sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: ncithesaurus:Transverse_Sinus ! Transverse Sinus
xref: SCTID:279262004 ! Entire transverse sinus
synonym: "lateral sinus" RELATED [FMA:50763]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009968 ! primitive superior sagittal sinus
name: primitive superior sagittal sinus
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="EHDAA2"} ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005486 {source="EHDAA2"} ! venous dural sinus
xref: EHDAA2:0001527 ! primitive superior sagittal sinus
xref: EMAPA:18636 ! superior sagittal
xref: EHDAA:9876 ! primitive superior sagittal sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001642
name: superior sagittal sinus
def: "The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within a human cranium, is an area above/behind the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the top of the head towards the back. It is believed that the cerebrospinal fluid drains through the arachnoid granulations into the dural venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_sagittal_sinus]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:50767 ! Superior sagittal sinus
xref: MA:0001867 ! superior sagittal sinus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9naEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Sagittal_Sinus ! Superior Sagittal Sinus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9naEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! superior sagittal sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif/200px-Gray488_blue.gif
is_a: UBERON:0006615 {source="MA"} ! venous sinus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009968 {source="cjm"} ! primitive superior sagittal sinus
xref: SCTID:362075006 ! Entire superior sagittal sinus
synonym: "sinus sagittalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_sagittal_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif
xref: UMLS:C0226859

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007152
name: inferior sagittal sinus
xref: FMA:50768 ! Inferior sagittal sinus
xref: EMAPA:18635 ! inferior sagittal
is_a: UBERON:0006615 {source="cjm"} ! venous sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005486 ! venous dural sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Sagittal_Sinus ! Inferior Sagittal Sinus
xref: SCTID:279260007 ! Entire inferior sagittal sinus
xref: UMLS:C0226861

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001643
name: oculomotor nerve
def: "Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles. // Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Oculomotor_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CN-III" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial nerve III" RELATED []
synonym: "occulomotor" RELATED []
synonym: "oculomotor III nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "Oculomotor nerve [III]" EXACT []
synonym: "oculomotor nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "third cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "oculomotor III" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001284]
xref: FMA:50864 ! Oculomotor nerve
xref: GAID:829 ! oculomotor nerve
xref: VHOG:0000692 ! oculomotor nerve
xref: MA:0001095 ! oculomotor III nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1646 ! Oculomotor nerve
xref: TAO:0000405 ! cranial nerve III
xref: XAO:0003090 ! cranial nerve III
xref: ZFA:0000405 ! cranial nerve III
xref: ncithesaurus:Oculomotor_Nerve ! Oculomotor Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvj7pZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! oculomotor nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gray776.png/200px-Gray776.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001284 ! oculomotor III
xref: EMAPA:17574 ! oculomotor III
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.600 ! oculomotor nerve
xref: EHDAA:3736 ! oculomotor III
xref: BM:MB-IIIN ! oculomotor nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: develops_from_part_of UBERON:0005073 {source="GO"} ! preganglionic parasympathetic nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010285 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midbrain basal plate
synonym: "nervus oculomotorius [iii]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50864]
xref: AAO:0010468 ! 03 oculomotor nerve
xref: SCTID:362456009 ! Entire oculomotor nerve
synonym: "nervus oculomotorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oculomotor_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray776.png
property_value: external_definition "Somatic efferent fibers which innervate four eye muscles.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010468", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000692", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0028864

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001644
name: trochlear nerve
def: "Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Trochlear_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CN-IV" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial nerve IV" RELATED []
synonym: "fourth cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "pathetic nerve" RELATED []
synonym: "superior oblique nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "trochlear" RELATED []
synonym: "trochlear IV nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "Trochlear nerve [IV]" EXACT []
synonym: "trochlear nerve tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:50865 ! Trochlear nerve
xref: GAID:838 ! trochlear nerve
xref: VHOG:0000705 ! trochlear nerve
xref: MA:0001105 ! trochlear IV nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1654 ! Trochlear nerve
xref: TAO:0000600 ! cranial nerve IV
xref: XAO:0003091 ! cranial nerve IV
xref: ZFA:0000600 ! cranial nerve IV
xref: EMAPA:18218 ! trochlear IV
xref: EHDAA2:0002090 ! trochlear IV
xref: ncithesaurus:Trochlear_Nerve ! Trochlear Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvyeBQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! fourth cranial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Trochlear_nerve.png/200px-Trochlear_nerve.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.800 ! trochlear nerve
xref: BM:IVN ! trochlear nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
synonym: "nervus trochlearis [iv]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50865]
xref: AAO:0010469 ! 04 trochlear nerve
xref: SCTID:180939009 ! Entire trochlear nerve
synonym: "nervus trochlearis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trochlear_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Trochlear_nerve.png
property_value: external_definition "Somatic efferent nerve which supplies a single eye muscle, the m. obliquus superior.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010469", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000705", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0041159

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001645
name: trigeminal nerve
def: "Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw)." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve]
comment: Taxon notes: the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls[ISBN10:0471888893]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CN-V" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial nerve V" RELATED []
synonym: "fifth cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminal nerve [V]" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminal nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminal v nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminal V" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002084]
synonym: "nervus trigeminus" RELATED [BTO:0001072]
synonym: "trigeminus" RELATED [BTO:0001072]
xref: BTO:0001072
xref: FMA:50866 ! Trigeminal nerve
xref: GAID:726 ! trigeminal nerve
xref: VHOG:0000704 ! trigeminal nerve
xref: MA:0001100 ! trigeminal V nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_869 ! Trigeminal nerve
xref: TAO:0000697 ! cranial nerve V
xref: XAO:0003092 ! cranial nerve V
xref: ZFA:0000697 ! cranial nerve V
xref: ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nerve ! Trigeminal Nerve
xref: EFO:0001402 ! trigeminal nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwMF8CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! trigeminal nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gray778_Trigeminal.png/200px-Gray778_Trigeminal.png
xref: EHDAA2:0002084 ! trigeminal V
xref: EMAPA:17576 ! trigeminal V of cranial of nerve of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760 ! trigeminal nerve
xref: EHDAA:3738 ! trigeminal V
xref: BM:VN ! trigeminal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005239 {source="Wikipedia"} ! basal plate metencephalon
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Wikipedia"} ! neural crest
synonym: "nervus trigeminus [v]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50866]
xref: AAO:0010470 ! 05 trigeminal nerve
xref: SCTID:362459002 ! Entire trigeminal nerve
synonym: "nervus trigeminus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray778_Trigeminal.png
property_value: external_definition "Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010470", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000704", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0040996

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001646
name: abducens nerve
def: "Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Abducens_nerve]
comment: Taxon notes: Homologous abducens nerves are found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes.[WP] It controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, in humans. In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "abducens nerve [VI]" EXACT []
synonym: "abducens nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "abducens VI nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "abducent nerve" RELATED []
synonym: "abducent nerve [VI]" EXACT []
synonym: "CN-VI" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial nerve VI" RELATED []
synonym: "lateral rectus nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "nervus abducens" EXACT []
synonym: "sixth cranial nerve" EXACT []
xref: FMA:50867 ! Abducens nerve
xref: GAID:824 ! abducens nerve
xref: VHOG:0000697 ! abducens nerve
xref: MA:0001087 ! abducens VI nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_876 ! Abducens nerve
xref: TAO:0000310 ! cranial nerve VI
xref: XAO:0003093 ! cranial nerve VI
xref: ZFA:0000310 ! cranial nerve VI
xref: ncithesaurus:Abducens_Nerve ! Abducens Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvjl41ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! abducens nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Abducens_nerve1.png/200px-Abducens_nerve1.png
xref: EHDAA2:0000103 ! abducens VI nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.030 ! abducens nerve
xref: BM:Pons-VIN ! abducens nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 {source="Wikipedia", notes="found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes"} ! Gnathostomata
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005239 {source="Wikipedia"} ! basal plate metencephalon
synonym: "nervus abducens [VI]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50867]
xref: AAO:0010471 ! 06 abducens nerve
xref: SCTID:180941005 ! Entire abducens nerve
synonym: "nervus abducens" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abducens_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Abducens_nerve1.png
property_value: external_definition "Somatic motor nerve which bifurcates innervating m. rectus lateralis and m. retractor bulbi (eye muscles).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010471", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000697", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0000741

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010271
name: musculus retractor bulbi
def: "Cranial nerve VI innervated; ventral and posterior to the eye." [AAO:0010122]
comment: Editors note: TODO - add innervation relationships // In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection[wiki/Abducens_nerve]
synonym: "M. retractor bulbi" EXACT []
synonym: "retractor bulbi" EXACT []
synonym: "retractor bulbi muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001601 {source="cjm"} ! extra-ocular muscle
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Homo sapiens
xref: AAO:0010122 ! musculus retractor bulbi

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001647
name: facial nerve
def: "Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches)." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Facial_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "branchiomeric cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "CN-VII" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial nerve VII" RELATED []
synonym: "Facial nerve [VII]" EXACT []
synonym: "facial nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "facial VII nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "seventh cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "face nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "facial VII" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000489]
synonym: "nervus facialis" EXACT [ZFA:0000664]
xref: FMA:50868 ! Facial nerve
xref: GAID:719 ! facial nerve
xref: VHOG:0000706 ! facial nerve
xref: MA:0001091 ! facial VII nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_827 ! Facial nerve
xref: TAO:0000664 ! cranial nerve VII
xref: XAO:0003094 ! cranial nerve VII
xref: ZFA:0000664 ! cranial nerve VII
xref: ncithesaurus:Facial_Nerve ! Facial Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvthgEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cranial_nerve_VII.svg/200px-Cranial_nerve_VII.svg.png
xref: EHDAA2:0000489 ! facial VII
xref: EMAPA:17796 ! facial VII of cranial of nerve of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.250 ! facial nerve
xref: EHDAA:3729 ! facial VII
xref: BM:Pons-VIIN ! facial nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
relationship: develops_from_part_of UBERON:0005073 {source="GO"} ! preganglionic parasympathetic nervous system
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003066 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 2
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005239 {source="Wikipedia"} ! basal plate metencephalon
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Wikipedia"} ! neural crest
synonym: "nervus facialis [vii]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50868]
xref: AAO:0010472 ! 07 facial nerve
xref: SCTID:362460007 ! Entire facial nerve
synonym: "nervus facialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Facial_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Cranial_nerve_VII.svg
property_value: external_definition "Slender nerve composed of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers innervating the mouth and various muscles within the jaw. Sensory components innervate the bucccal roof and somatomotor components innervate the depressor musculature and muscle interhyoideus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010472", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:DSM"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000706", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0015462

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009675
name: facial VII nerve chorda tympani branch
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001647 {source="EHDAA2"} ! facial nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0000490 ! facial VII nerve chorda tympani branch
xref: MA:0001092 ! facial VII nerve chorda tympani branch
xref: VHOG:0001343 ! facial VII nerve chorda tympani branch
xref: EMAPA:18217 ! chorda tympani branch
xref: EHDAA:3719 ! chorda tympani branch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001648
name: vestibulocochlear nerve
def: "Cranial nerve that runs to the ear." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Vestibulocochlear_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "acoustic nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "acoustic VIII nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "VIII nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "acoustic nerve (crosby)" EXACT []
synonym: "CN-VIII" EXACT []
synonym: "cochlear-vestibular nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "cochleovestibular nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial nerve VIII" EXACT []
synonym: "eighth cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "VIIIth cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "octaval nerve" RELATED []
synonym: "stato-acoustic nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "statoacoustic nerve" RELATED []
synonym: "Vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII]" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibulocochlear nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibulocochlear VIII nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "nervus vestibulocochlearis" RELATED [BTO:0003490]
xref: FMA:50869 ! Vestibulocochlear nerve
xref: GAID:839 ! vestibulocochlear nerve
xref: VHOG:0000695 ! vestibulocochlear nerve
xref: MA:0001109 ! vestibulocochlear VIII nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_890 ! Vestibulocochlear nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000247 ! cranial nerve VIII
xref: XAO:0003095 ! cranial nerve VIII
xref: ZFA:0000247 ! cranial nerve VIII
xref: EHDAA2:0002194 ! vestibulocochlear VIII
xref: BTO:0003490 ! vestibulocochlear nerve (also: UBERON:0004727 'cochlear nerve')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! acoustic nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray789.png/200px-Gray789.png
xref: EMAPA:17801 ! vestibulocochlear VIII of cranial of nerve of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.910 ! vestibulocochlear nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003069 {source="Wikipedia"} ! otic placode
synonym: "nervus vestibulocochlearis [viii]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50869]
xref: ncithesaurus:Vestibulocochlear_Nerve ! Vestibulocochlear Nerve
xref: AAO:0010473 ! 08 auditory nerve
xref: SCTID:180945001 ! Entire vestibulocochlear nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray789.png
property_value: external_definition "Nerve primarily composed of special somatic afferent fibers innervating the inner ear, and is involved in balance, position, and hearing.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010473", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:DSM"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000695", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0001162

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004727
name: cochlear nerve
def: "a nerve in the head that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain. It is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the 8th cranial nerve which is found in higher vertebrates; the other portion of the 8th cranial nerve is the vestibular nerve which carries spatial orientation information from the semicircular canals. The cochlear nerve is a sensory nerve, one which conducts to the brain information about the environment, in this case acoustic energy impinging on the tympanic membrane. The cochlear nerve arises from within the cochlea and extends to the brainstem, where its fibers make contact with the cochlear nucleus, the next stage of neural processing in the auditory system[WP]." [ISBN:Wikipedia:Cochlear_nerve]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auditory nerve" EXACT [FMA:53431]
synonym: "cochlear root of acoustic nerve" EXACT [FMA:53431]
synonym: "cochlear root of eighth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:53431]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear VIII nerve cochlear component" EXACT [MA:0001110]
synonym: "nervus vestibulocochlearis" RELATED [BTO:0003490]
synonym: "cochlear component" BROAD []
xref: FMA:53431 ! Cochlear nerve
xref: GAID:723 ! cochlear nerve
xref: MA:0001110 ! vestibulocochlear VIII nerve cochlear component
xref: VHOG:0001182 ! vestibulocochlear VIII nerve cochlear component
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Nerve ! Cochlear Nerve
xref: BTO:0003490 ! vestibulocochlear nerve (also: UBERON:0001648 'vestibulocochlear nerve')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwIhQfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cochlear nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0002195 ! vestibulocochlear VIII cochlear component
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.910.120 ! cochlear nerve
xref: BM:VIIIN ! auditory nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001648 ! vestibulocochlear nerve
xref: SCTID:280286001 ! Entire cochlear nerve
xref: UMLS:C0009201

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003723
name: vestibular nerve
def: "The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other). It goes to the semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion. It receives positional information. Axons of the vestibular nerve synapse in the vestibular nucleus on the lateral floor and wall of the fourth ventricle in the pons and medulla. It arises from bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion, ganglion of Scarpa, which is situated in the upper part of the outer end of the internal auditory meatus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vestibular_nerve]
synonym: "scarpa ganglion" RELATED [GAID:840]
synonym: "scarpa's ganglion" RELATED [GAID:840]
synonym: "scarpas ganglion" RELATED [GAID:840]
synonym: "vestibular root of acoustic nerve" EXACT [FMA:53401]
synonym: "vestibular root of eighth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:53401]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear VIII nerve vestibular component" EXACT [MA:0001111]
xref: FMA:53401 ! Vestibular nerve
xref: GAID:840 ! vestibular nerve
xref: MA:0001111 ! vestibulocochlear VIII nerve vestibular component
xref: VHOG:0001181 ! vestibulocochlear VIII nerve vestibular component
xref: ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Nerve ! Vestibular Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvxAWX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vestibular nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg/200px-Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg
xref: EHDAA2:0002200 ! vestibulocochlear VIII nerve vestibular component
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.910.900 ! vestibular nerve
xref: EMAPA:17803 ! vestibular component
xref: EHDAA:3749 ! vestibular component
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001648 ! vestibulocochlear nerve
xref: SCTID:362464003 ! Entire vestibular nerve
synonym: "nervus vestibularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibular_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0042598

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001649
name: glossopharyngeal nerve
def: "Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult)." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CN-IX" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial nerve IX" RELATED []
synonym: "glossopharyngeal IX nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]" EXACT []
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "ninth cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "glossopharyngeal IX" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000709]
synonym: "nervus glossopharyngeus" EXACT [ZFA:0000668]
xref: FMA:50870 ! Glossopharyngeal nerve
xref: GAID:827 ! glossopharyngeal nerve
xref: VHOG:0000701 ! glossopharyngeal nerve
xref: MA:0001093 ! glossopharyngeal IX nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_899 ! Glossopharyngeal nerve
xref: TAO:0000668 ! cranial nerve IX
xref: XAO:0003096 ! cranial nerve IX
xref: ZFA:0000668 ! cranial nerve IX
xref: ncithesaurus:Glossopharyngeal_Nerve ! Glossopharyngeal Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwIr5X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! glossopharyngeal nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/200px-Gray791.png
xref: EHDAA2:0000709 ! glossopharyngeal IX
xref: EMAPA:17268 ! glossopharyngeal IX of cranial of nerve of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.290 ! glossopharyngeal nerve
xref: EHDAA:3733 ! glossopharyngeal IX
xref: BTO:0004979 ! glossopharyngeal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 {source="FMA"} ! cranial nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005239 {source="Wikipedia", notes="motor"} ! basal plate metencephalon
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Wikipedia", notes="sensory"} ! neural crest
synonym: "nervus glossopharyngeus [ix]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50870]
xref: AAO:0010474 ! 09 glossopharyngeus nerve
xref: SCTID:362465002 ! Entire glossopharyngeal nerve
synonym: "nervus glossopharyngeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png
property_value: external_definition "Small nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent and afferent fibers which innervate the m. subarculais rectus I, dorsal buccal mucosa, and the tongue.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010474", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000701", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0017679

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001650
name: hypoglossal nerve
def: "Nerve that innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue." [GO:0021566, Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Hypoglossal nerve [XII]" EXACT []
synonym: "hypoglossal nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "hypoglossal XII nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "twelfth cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "hypoglossal XII" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000798]
synonym: "cranial nerve XII" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_820]
xref: FMA:50871 ! Hypoglossal nerve
xref: GAID:828 ! hypoglossal nerve
xref: VHOG:0000693 ! hypoglossal nerve
xref: MA:0001094 ! hypoglossal XII nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_820 ! Hypoglossal nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9eWA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Hypoglossal_Nerve ! Hypoglossal Nerve
xref: BTO:0003386 ! hypoglossal nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9eWA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hypoglossal nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0000798 ! hypoglossal XII
xref: EMAPA:17269 ! hypoglossal XII
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.330 ! hypoglossal nerve
xref: EHDAA:2859 ! hypoglossal XII
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
synonym: "nervus hypoglossus [xii]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:50871]
xref: AAO:0010477 ! 12 hypoglossus nerve
xref: SCTID:362471008 ! Entire hypoglossal nerve
xref: XAO:0004215 ! cranial nerve XII
synonym: "nervus hypoglossus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Gray794.png
property_value: external_definition "Nerve which innervates the muscles associated with the tongue including mm geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus and rectus cervicis.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010477", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
synonym: "CN-XII" RELATED [VHOG:0000693]
property_value: external_definition "Cranial nerve that innervates muscles in the tongue. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-14, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000693", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Cranial nerves XI and XII evolved in the common ancestor to amniotes (non-amphibian tetrapods) thus totalling twelve pairs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000693", ontology="VHOG", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0020614

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001651
name: right pulmonary artery
def: "The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery]
comment: TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ'
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "right main pulmonary artery" EXACT []
synonym: "right pulmonary arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:50872 ! Right pulmonary artery
xref: MA:0002500 ! right pulmonary artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Artery ! Right Pulmonary Artery
xref: galen:RightPulmonaryArtery ! right pulmonary artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png
is_a: UBERON:0002012 ! pulmonary artery
xref: SCTID:244235003 ! Entire right pulmonary artery
synonym: "arteria pulmonalis dextra" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray504.png
xref: UMLS:C0923924

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001652
name: left pulmonary artery
def: "The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery]
comment: TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ'
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "left main pulmonary artery" EXACT []
synonym: "left pulmonary arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:50873 ! Left pulmonary artery
xref: galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery
xref: MA:0002032 ! left pulmonary artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Artery ! Left Pulmonary Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png
is_a: UBERON:0002012 ! pulmonary artery
xref: SCTID:244234004 ! Entire left pulmonary artery
synonym: "arteria pulmonalis sinistra" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray504.png
xref: UMLS:C0923925

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001653
name: facial vein
def: "The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Facial_vein]
comment: Comment note MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein'
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "face vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vena facialis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Facial_vein]
synonym: "anterior facial vein" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Facial_vein]
xref: FMA:50874 ! Facial vein
xref: MA:0002115 ! facial vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Facial_Vein ! Facial Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvziz3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! facial vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
xref: EMAPA:19220 ! facial vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001586 {source="FMA"} ! internal jugular vein
xref: AAO:0010513 ! facial vein
xref: SCTID:181374006 ! Entire facial vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png
property_value: external_definition "Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010513", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0226532

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001654
name: supra-orbital vein
def: "The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein; as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. The areas drained by this vessel are the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Supra-orbital_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "supraorbital vein" EXACT []
xref: FMA:50904 ! Supra-orbital vein
xref: MA:0002228 ! supraorbital vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Supra-orbital_Vein ! Supraorbital Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001653 {source="FMA"} ! facial vein
xref: SCTID:152006005 ! Entire supraorbital vein
xref: UMLS:C0226535

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001655
name: submental vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:50925 ! Submental vein
xref: MA:0002223 ! submental vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Submental_Vein ! Submental Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001653 {source="FMA/obol"} ! facial vein
xref: SCTID:152309009 ! Entire submental vein
xref: UMLS:C0226541

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001656
name: retromandibular vein
def: "The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. It divides into two branches: an anterior, which passes forward and unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein. a posterior, which is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "posterior facial vein" EXACT []
synonym: "vena retromandibularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein]
synonym: "vena facialis posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein]
xref: FMA:50928 ! Retromandibular vein
xref: MA:0002117 ! posterior facial vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0bn95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporo-maxillary_Vein ! Retromandibular Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0bn95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! posterior facial vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
is_a: UBERON:0001653 ! facial vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001101 {source="FMA"} ! external jugular vein
xref: SCTID:151299003 ! Entire retromandibular vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png
xref: UMLS:C0226520

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001657
name: superficial temporal vein
def: "The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:50932 ! Superficial temporal vein
xref: MA:0002242 ! superficial temporal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Superficial_Temporal_Vein ! Superficial Temporal Vein
xref: BTO:0003748 ! superficial temporal vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmANWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! superficial temporal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
xref: EMAPA:19315 ! superficial temporal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001671 ! temporal vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001101 {source="FMA/obol"} ! external jugular vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001656 {source="FMA/obol"} ! retromandibular vein
xref: SCTID:150087005 ! Entire superficial temporal vein
synonym: "venae temporales superficiales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png
xref: UMLS:C0226521

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001658
name: middle temporal vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:50935 ! Middle temporal vein
xref: MA:0002241 ! middle temporal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001671 ! temporal vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001101 {source="FMA/obol"} ! external jugular vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001656 {source="FMA/obol"} ! retromandibular vein
xref: SCTID:151400007 ! Entire middle temporal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001659
name: transverse facial vein
def: "The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:50938 ! Transverse facial vein
xref: MA:0002247 ! transverse facial vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001101 {source="FMA/obol"} ! external jugular vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001656 {source="FMA/obol"} ! retromandibular vein
xref: SCTID:151501009 ! Entire transverse facial vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001660
name: maxillary vein
def: "The maxillary veins (internal maxillary vein in older sources) consist of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Maxillary_vein]
comment: Taxon notes: in horses, a branch of the external jugular gives off the occipital and caudal auricular vein
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:50941 ! Maxillary vein
xref: MA:0002169 ! maxillary vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Maxillary_Vein ! Maxillary Vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlDSc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! maxillary vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001656 {source="FMA"} ! retromandibular vein
xref: SCTID:29972009 ! Entire maxillary vein
xref: UMLS:C0226524

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001661
name: deep temporal vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:50954 ! Deep temporal vein
xref: MA:0002240 ! deep temporal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Deep_Temporal_Vein ! Deep Temporal Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001671 ! temporal vein
xref: SCTID:798000 ! Entire deep temporal vein
xref: UMLS:C0226526

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006197 ! auricular vein
name: auricular vein
def: "Any vein serving the ear region" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/auricular+vein]
comment: Taxon notes: In humans this refers to either the anterior or posterior auricular vein, passing in front of or behind the ear. This class also groups other auricular veins, including the greater, ventral, central auricular nerves. These may exhibit different branching structures. In the pig, the external jugular branches to the maxillary to the caudal auricular to the middle auricular, then onto various unique patterns
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001101 {source="cjm"} ! external jugular vein
synonym: "vena auriculares" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "venae auriculares" EXACT LATIN []
xref: ncithesaurus:Auricular_Vein ! Auricular Vein
xref: UMLS:C2698201

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001662
name: anterior auricular vein
def: "The anterior auricular veins are veins which drain the anterior aspect of the external ear. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_auricular_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:50956 ! Anterior auricular vein
xref: MA:0002083 ! anterior auricular vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Auricular_Vein ! Anterior Auricular Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
is_a: UBERON:0006197 ! auricular vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001656 {source="FMA"} ! retromandibular vein
xref: SCTID:151602009 ! Entire anterior auricular vein
synonym: "venae auriculares anteriores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_auricular_veins]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png
xref: UMLS:C0226527

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006199
name: posterior auricular vein
def: "The posterior auricular vein begins upon the side of the head, in a plexus which communicates with the tributaries of the occipital vein and superficial temporal veins. It descends behind the auricula, and joins the posterior division of the posterior facial vein to form the external jugular. It receive the stylomastoid vein, and some tributaries from the cranial surface of the auricula." [Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_vein]
comment: AO notes: check placement of AO class
synonym: "posterior auricular vein" EXACT [FMA:50851]
xref: FMA:50851 ! Posterior auricular vein
xref: MA:0002090 ! caudal auricular vein
is_a: UBERON:0006197 ! auricular vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001101 {source="FMA"} ! external jugular vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Auricular_Vein ! Posterior Auricular Vein
xref: SCTID:150188002 ! Entire posterior auricular vein
synonym: "venae auricularis posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png
xref: UMLS:C0226544

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001663
name: cerebral vein
def: "The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "venae encephali" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins]
synonym: "venae cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebral_veins]
xref: FMA:50981 ! Cerebral vein
xref: GAID:530 ! cerebral vein
xref: MA:0002096 ! cerebral vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Vein ! Cerebral Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Gray568.png/200px-Gray568.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.155 ! cerebral vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:244392000 ! Entire cerebral vein
xref: XAO:0004160 ! cerebral vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Gray568.png
xref: UMLS:C0007797

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001664
name: inferior cerebral vein
def: "The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebral_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:50986 ! Inferior cerebral vein
xref: MA:0002097 ! inferior cerebral vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gray517.png/200px-Gray517.png
is_a: UBERON:0001663 ! cerebral vein
xref: SCTID:244395003 ! Entire inferior cerebral vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Gray517.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006666
name: great cerebral vein
def: "The great cerebral vein is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum (brain)[WP,unvetted]" [Wikipedia:Great_cerebral_vein]
synonym: "great cerebral vein of Galen" EXACT [FMA:50993]
synonym: "vein of Galen" EXACT [FMA:50993]
synonym: "great cerebral vein" EXACT [FMA:50993]
xref: FMA:50993 ! Great cerebral vein
xref: EMAPA:19311 ! great cerebral vein of Galen
xref: ncithesaurus:Great_Cerebral_Vein_of_Galen ! Great Cerebral Vein of Galen
xref: SCTID:244396002 ! Entire great cerebral vein
is_a: UBERON:0001663 ! cerebral vein
xref: UMLS:C0042448

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001666
name: flexor digitorum longus
def: "The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg. At its origin it is thin and pointed, but it gradually increases in size as it descends. This muscle serves to curl the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes (flexion of phalanges II-V). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_longus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000466
xref: FMA:51071 ! Flexor digitorum longus
xref: MA:0002299 ! flexor digitorum longus
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Digitorum_Longus ! Flexor Digitorum Longus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
xref: SCTID:181703002 ! Entire flexor digitorum longus
xref: UMLS:C1261048

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008296
name: femoral muscle
def: "Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; insertion: patella, common tendon of quadriceps femoris; innervation: femoral; action, extends leg." [BTO:0002542]
comment: todo - logical definition
synonym: "crureus" RELATED  [BTO:0002542]
synonym: "intermediate great muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0002542]
synonym: "intermediate vastus muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0002542]
synonym: "musculus vastus intermedius" RELATED  [BTO:0002542]
is_a: UBERON:0001383 {source="BTO"} ! muscle of leg
xref: BTO:0002542 ! femoral muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001667
name: tibialis posterior
def: "The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the posterior compartment of the leg. It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tibialis_posterior_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tibialis caudalis" EXACT []
synonym: "ibialis posticus" RELATED [BTO:0000867]
synonym: "posterior tibialis" RELATED [BTO:0000867]
synonym: "tibialis posterior muscle" RELATED [BTO:0000867]
xref: BTO:0000867
xref: FMA:51099 ! Tibialis posterior
xref: MA:0002394 ! tibialis caudalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibialis_Caudalis ! Tibialis Caudalis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png
is_a: UBERON:0008230 ! tibialis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001452 {source="dbpedia"} ! distal tarsal bone 1
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001451 {source="dbpedia"} ! navicular bone of pes
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001323 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia"} ! fibula
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis anterior
synonym: "musculus tibialis posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tibialis_posterior_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gray442.png
xref: SCTID:361824007 ! Entire tibialis posterior muscle
xref: UMLS:C1711425

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001668
name: cerebellar vein
def: "Cerebellar veins are veins which drain the cerebellum. More specifically, they are: Superior cerebellar veins Inferior cerebellar veins [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_veins]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "cerebellum vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epencephalon-1 vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of cerebellum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of epencephalon-1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:51227 ! Cerebellar vein
xref: MA:0002093 ! cerebellar vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Vein ! Cerebellar Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
xref: SCTID:40693009 ! Entire cerebellar vein
xref: UMLS:C0226601

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001669
name: superior cerebellar vein
def: "The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vein of superior cerebellar hemisphere" EXACT []
xref: FMA:51232 ! Superior cerebellar vein
xref: MA:0002095 ! superior cerebellar vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray704.png/200px-Gray704.png
is_a: UBERON:0001668 ! cerebellar vein
xref: SCTID:64307009 ! Entire superior cerebellar vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001670
name: inferior cerebellar vein
def: "The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior vein of cerebellar hemisphere" EXACT []
xref: FMA:51233 ! Inferior cerebellar vein
xref: MA:0002094 ! inferior cerebellar vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray704.png/200px-Gray704.png
is_a: UBERON:0001668 ! cerebellar vein
xref: SCTID:69104006 ! Entire inferior cerebellar vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001671
name: temporal vein
def: "The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:51302 ! Temporal vein
xref: MA:0002239 ! temporal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporal_Vein ! Temporal Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/200px-Gray557.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: UMLS:C0924206

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001672
name: anterior cerebral vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ACeV" RELATED []
synonym: "rostral cerebral vein" RELATED []
xref: FMA:51306 ! Anterior cerebral vein
xref: TAO:0001067 ! anterior cerebral vein
xref: ZFA:0001067 ! anterior cerebral vein
is_a: UBERON:0001663 ! cerebral vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002200 ! vasculature of head
xref: SCTID:55155007 ! Structure of anterior cerebral vein
xref: XAO:0004158 ! anterior cerebral vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001620
name: central retinal artery
def: "The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central artery of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal artery" EXACT []
synonym: "Zinn's artery" EXACT []
synonym: "arteria centralis retinae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery]
synonym: "central artery of the retina" RELATED [Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery]
xref: FMA:49879 ! Central retinal artery
xref: GAID:508 ! retinal artery
xref: MA:0002038 ! retinal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Retinal_Artery ! Retinal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray514_updated.png/200px-Gray514_updated.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.765 ! retinal artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:277771001 ! Entire retinal artery
synonym: "arteria centralis retinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Gray514_updated.png
xref: UMLS:C0035301

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001673
name: central retinal vein
def: "The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Central_retinal_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "retinal vein" EXACT []
xref: FMA:51799 ! Central retinal vein
xref: GAID:524 ! retinal vein
xref: MA:0002213 ! retinal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Retinal_Vein ! Retinal Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray572.png/200px-Gray572.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.611.773 ! retinal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0005486 {source="FMA/obol"} ! venous dural sinus
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0003712 {source="FMA/obol"} ! cavernous sinus
xref: SCTID:280913005 ! Entire retinal vein
synonym: "vena centralis retinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Central_retinal_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray572.png
xref: EFO:0004271 ! retinal vein
xref: UMLS:C0035327

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001674
name: masseteric vein
def: "A plexiform vein accompanying the masseteric artery that empty into the pterygoid venous plexus." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/masseteric-veins.html]
synonym: "masseteric veins" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: FMA:52519 ! Masseteric vein
xref: MA:0002167 ! masseteric vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Masseteric_Vein ! Masseteric Vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle
xref: UMLS:C0925179

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013648
name: masseteric artery
def: "The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies. It anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary artery and with the transverse facial artery." [Wikipedia:Masseteric_artery]
synonym: "arteria masseterica" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Masseteric_artery]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001616 {source="FMA"} ! maxillary artery
xref: FMA:49739 ! masseteric artery
xref: SCTID:147864007 ! Entire masseteric artery
xref: UMLS:C0226149
xref: ncithesaurus:Masseteric_Artery ! masseteric artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001675
name: trigeminal ganglion
def: "A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>" [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion, ZFIN:curator]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "Gasserian ganglia" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion]
synonym: "Gasserian ganglion" EXACT [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion]
synonym: "gV" RELATED []
synonym: "semilunar ganglion" EXACT [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "trigeminal ganglia" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "trigeminus ganglion" RELATED []
synonym: "trigeminal V ganglion" EXACT [MA:0001080]
synonym: "5th ganglion" EXACT [ZFA:0000295]
synonym: "fifth ganglion" EXACT [ZFA:0000295]
synonym: "ganglion of trigeminal nerve" RELATED [BTO:0001231]
synonym: "ganglion trigeminale" RELATED [BTO:0001231]
synonym: "Gasser's ganglion" RELATED [BTO:0001231]
xref: BTO:0001231
xref: EFO:0000903 ! trigeminal ganglion
xref: FMA:52618 ! Trigeminal ganglion
xref: GAID:725 ! trigeminal ganglion
xref: MAT:0000511 ! trigeminal ganglion
xref: TAO:0000295 ! trigeminal ganglion
xref: XAO:0000427 ! gasserian ganglion
xref: XAO:0000428 ! trigeminal ganglion
xref: ZFA:0000295 ! trigeminal ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Ganglion ! Trigeminal Ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000694 ! trigeminal V ganglion
xref: MA:0001080 ! trigeminal V ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0002085 ! trigeminal V ganglion
xref: BTO:0001231 ! trigeminal ganglion
xref: EHDAA:2113 ! trigeminal V ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gray776.png/200px-Gray776.png
xref: EMAPA:16797 ! trigeminal V of cranial of ganglion of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.340.390.850 ! trigeminal ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001800 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! sensory ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001714 ! cranial ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003070 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trigeminal placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005563 ! trigeminal neural crest
xref: AAO:0011107 ! trigeminal ganglion
xref: SCTID:244449009 ! Entire trigeminal ganglion
synonym: "ganglion trigeminale, ganglion semilunare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray776.png
property_value: external_definition "A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000295", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0040995

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005902
name: occipital region
def: "Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles." [TAO:0001414, UBERONREF:0000007]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "basicranial region" EXACT [ZFA:0001414]
synonym: "occipital part of head" EXACT [FMA:49187]
xref: XAO:0003173 ! occipital region
xref: TAO:0001414 ! occipital region
xref: ZFA:0001414 ! occipital region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
xref: AAO:0010199 ! occipital region
xref: SCTID:362618001 ! Entire occipital region
xref: FMA:49187 ! occipital part of head
property_value: external_definition "An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010199", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occiptal condyle.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001414", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:MAH"}
synonym: "back of head" RELATED [FMA:49187]
synonym: "occipital region of head" EXACT [FMA:49187]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001676
name: occipital bone
def: "A saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity communicates with the vertebral canal." [Wikipedia:Occipital_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular)[Kardong]. Development notes: formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites[PMID:11523816]. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the an- nexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII[PMID:11523816]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "occipital squama" RELATED []
synonym: "occipital complex" RELATED [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/occiput.html]
xref: FMA:52735 ! Occipital bone
xref: GAID:227 ! occipital bone
xref: MA:0001468 ! occipital bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Occipital_Bone ! Occipital Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtsiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! occipital bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray194.png/200px-Gray194.png
xref: EMAPA:25112 ! occipital bone
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.572 ! occipital bone
xref: SCTID:181796003 ! Entire occipital bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003113 {notes="interparietal (postparietal)"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002241 {source="MA-modified", notes="basi paired exo and supra occipital bones"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="FMA"} ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005902 {source="FMA"} ! occipital region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 {source="PMID:11523816"} ! sclerotome
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001092 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! cervical vertebra 1
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001677 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! sphenoid bone
synonym: "os occipitale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipital_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray194.png
xref: UMLS:C0028784

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001677
name: sphenoid bone
def: "an unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended." [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
comment: part of viscerocranium in FMA, part of chondrocranium in MA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "butterfly bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "os sphenoidale" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "os sphenoidum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "sphenoid" EXACT []
synonym: "sphenoidal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "sphenoid complex" RELATED []
synonym: "os sphenoidale" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52736]
xref: SCTID:272676008 ! Entire sphenoid bone
xref: FMA:52736 ! Sphenoid bone
xref: GAID:230 ! sphenoid bone
xref: MA:0001472 ! sphenoid bone
xref: EMAPA:18340 ! sphenoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphenoid_Bone ! Sphenoid Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAU9XpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sphenoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg/200px-Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.802 ! sphenoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0008193 {source="FMA"} ! pneumatized bone
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003113 {notes="pterygoid process"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002241 {notes="orbito pre and basi sphenoid"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0008895 {notes="alisphenoid"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA"} ! facial skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009193 {source="cjm"} ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0000209 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001679 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! ethmoid
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001676 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! occipital bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002396 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! vomer
synonym: "os sphenoidale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0037884

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008828
name: presphenoid bone
def: "The anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult." [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Presphenoid+bone, Wikipedia:Ossification_of_sphenoid#Presphenoid]
comment: todo - account for developmental change
is_a: UBERON:0011164 {source="MA"} ! neurocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 {source="MA"} ! sphenoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 {source="Kardong"} ! sphenoid region
xref: MA:0001470 ! presphenoid bone
xref: SCTID:95949009 ! presphenoidal bone
synonym: "presphenoidal bone" EXACT [SCTID:95949009]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009470
name: postsphenoidal bone
def: "the posterior portion of the sphenoid bone developed in five separate parts consisting of a central basisphenoid, the two alisphenoids, and the two medial pterygoid laminae." [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/postsphenoid, Wikipedia:Ossification_of_sphenoid#Postsphenoid]
is_a: UBERON:0011164 {source="MA"} ! neurocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 {source="cjm"} ! sphenoid bone
xref: SCTID:95950009 ! postsphenoidal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001678
name: temporal bone
def: "The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum." [Wikipedia:Temporal_bone]
comment: The temporal bone consists of four parts: * Squama temporalis * Mastoid portion * Petrous portion (Petrosal ridge) * Tympanic part[WP]. AO notes: Note the Temporal bone is not explicitly categorized to a part of the cranium in FMA. Taxon notes: fusion of squamosal + angular (tympanic annulus) [derm.] + petrosal (prootic + opisthotic)[chond.] + styloid process[splanc.] // In many mammals, as in humans, the petrosal, ectotympanic and squamosal bones synostose to form the temporal bone
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:6035 ! temporal bone
xref: FMA:52737 ! Temporal bone
xref: GAID:232 ! temporal bone
xref: VHOG:0000800 ! temporal bone
xref: MA:0001476 ! temporal bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkAk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporal_Bone ! Temporal Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkAk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! temporal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg/200px-Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17682 ! temporal bone of chondrocranium
xref: EMAPA:18020 ! temporal bone of vault of skull
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.885 ! temporal bone
is_a: UBERON:0008193 {source="FMA"} ! pneumatized bone
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003113 {notes="squamosal plus angular", notes="temporal series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002241 {notes="petrosal"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0008895 {notes="styloid process"} ! splanchnocranium
xref: SCTID:181795004 ! Entire temporal bone
synonym: "os temporale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0039484

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004747
name: supraoccipital bone
alt_id: UBERON:0005237
comment: Taxon notes (via VHOG): See Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, Fourth Edition (2006) McGraw-Hill, p.237 Table 7.1
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "supraoccipital" EXACT [VHOG:0001150]
xref: ZFA:0000595 ! supraoccipital
xref: VHOG:0001150 ! supraoccipital bone
xref: MA:0001474 ! supraoccipital bone
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005902 {source="TAO"} ! occipital region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 {source="Kardong", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674"} ! occipital bone
xref: SCTID:95947006 ! Entire supraoccipital bone
xref: TAO:0000595 ! supraoccipital
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011162 ! supraoccipital bone cartilaginous condensation
property_value: external_definition "The supraoccipital ties the occiput to the dermal skull table.[Palaeos]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/occiput.html"}
property_value: external_definition "a bone on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young..[TFD]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Supraoccipital"}
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that is located at the dorsal part of the occipital region of the cranium or the dorso-posterior part of the skull. It forms the dorsal margin of the foramen magnum. Commonly the supraoccipital articulates with the parietals anteriorly, the epiotics laterally, and the exoccipitals posteroventrally. The supraoccipital is an unpaired median bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000595", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: part_of neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000595", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps supraoccipital-parietal joint (TAO:0005264)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000595", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "acrinial@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000595]
synonym: "acrinioste@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000595]
synonym: "supraoccipital@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000595]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011162
name: supraoccipital cartilaginous condensation
synonym: "supra-occipital cartilage condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "supraoccipital cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:18341]
synonym: "non-squamous part of supraoccipital bone" RELATED [EMAPA:18341]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0004747 ! supraoccipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011163 ! supraoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18341 ! supraoccipital cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a supraoccipital bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011163
name: supraoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "supra-occipital pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001963]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0004747 ! supraoccipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009617 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! head paraxial mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001963 ! supra-occipital pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:9534 ! supra-occipital pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a supraoccipital bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001692
name: basioccipital bone
def: "One of the bones of the occiput, the part of the skull which articulates with the spine. The basioccipital is located (if present) ventral to the foramen magnum. It often rests on or articulates with the basisphenoid, as well as meeting the exoccipitals. The basioccipital usually forms most (sometimes all) of the occipital condyle(s) and the ventral margin of the foramen magnum." [Wikipedia:Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryB.html]
comment: TODO - check FMA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "basioccipital bone" EXACT []
synonym: "basioccipital" EXACT []
synonym: "basi-occipital" EXACT []
synonym: "basilar part of occipital bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000039 ! basioccipital
xref: FMA:52858 ! Basilar part of occipital bone
xref: VHOG:0001152 ! basioccipital bone
xref: MA:0001462 ! basioccipital bone
xref: TAO:0000472 ! basioccipital
xref: ZFA:0000472 ! basioccipital
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Parsbasilaris%28young%29.PNG/200px-Parsbasilaris%28young%29.PNG
xref: EMAPA:18705 ! basioccipital bone
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005902 {source="TAO"} ! occipital region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 {source="Kardong", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674"} ! occipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA"} ! basicranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006209 ! basioccipital cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:138976007 ! Entire basilar part of occipital bone
synonym: "pars basilaris ossis occipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Parsbasilaris%28young%29.PNG
property_value: external_definition "An unpaired medial bone contributing to the ventral margin of the foramen magnum that extends into the floor of the brain cavity. It can contribute to the centromedial portion of the occipital condyle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000039", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Chondral bone that articulates with the exoccipitals dorsally, the prootics anteriorly, the parasphenoid ventrally, and the first free vertebra posteriorly. The basioccipital forms the floor of the foramen magnum. The basioccipital is an unpaired medial bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000472", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: part_of neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000472", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps parasphenoid-basioccipital joint (TAO:0001832)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000472", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps basioccipital-exoccipital joint (TAO:0002038)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000472", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "basinial@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000472]
synonym: "basinioste@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000472]
synonym: "basioccipital@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000472]
property_value: external_comment "In some teleosts the anterior vertebral centra fuse to the basioccipital forming a monopartite occipital condyle.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000472", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001693
name: exoccipital bone
def: "Paired cartilage bone that bears a large foramen (lateral occipital foramen). Contacts the supraoccipital dorsally, the epiotic laterally and the basioccipital ventrally. Forms the posterior hind margin of the cranium and borders the lateral and posterior margins of the forum (foramen) magnum." [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone]
comment: TODO - check FMA - currently we place this as both of a zone of bone organ and an (endochondral) bone. Removed endochondral bone classification for now, violates disjointness axiom
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pars lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone]
synonym: "exoccipital" EXACT  [FMA:52859]
synonym: "lateral part of occipital bone" EXACT [FMA:52859]
xref: AAO:0000147 ! exoccipital
xref: FMA:52859 ! lateral part of occipital bone
xref: VHOG:0001151 ! exoccipital bone
xref: MA:0001464 ! exoccipital bone
xref: TAO:0000661 ! exoccipital
xref: ZFA:0000661 ! exoccipital
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gray131.png/200px-Gray131.png
xref: EMAPA:18708 ! exoccipital bone
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="ZFA"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005902 {source="TAO"} ! occipital region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 {source="Kardong", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674"} ! occipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
xref: SCTID:139279001 ! Entire lateral part of occipital bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010752 ! exoccipital cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009635 {source="ZFA"} ! parachordal cartilage
synonym: "pars lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gray131.png
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that forms the posterior end of the neurocranium and the margin of the foramen magnum. In addition, this bone forms either part of or all or the occipital condyle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000147", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that articulates with the epiotic dorsally, the pterotic and intercalar laterally and the basioccipital medio-ventrally. The exoccipitals form the lateral borders of the foramen magnum and houses the foramina for the passage of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, X and IX respectively. The exoccipital is a paired bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000661", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from occipital arch cartilage (TAO:0001504)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000661", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: part_of neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000661", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps prootic-exoccipital joint (TAO:0002034)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000661", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps basioccipital-exoccipital joint (TAO:0002038)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000661", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "exoccipitals" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0000661]
synonym: "exoccipital@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000661]
synonym: "occipital latcéral@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000661]
synonym: "pleurinial@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000661]
synonym: "pleurinioste@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000661]
property_value: external_comment "In some teleosts the exoccipital dorsally contacts the supraoccipital directly or through connective tissue.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000661", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001694
name: petrous part of temporal bone
def: "The petrous portion of the temporal bone or pyramid is pyramidal and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents for examination a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and contains, in its interior, the essential parts of the organ of hearing. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Petrous_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
comment: derivative of prootic and opisthotic
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pars petrosa (os temporale)" EXACT  [FMA:52871]
synonym: "petromastoid part of temporal bone" EXACT  [FMA:52871]
synonym: "petrosal bone" EXACT  [FMA:52871]
synonym: "petrous bone" EXACT  [FMA:52871]
synonym: "pars petrosa ossis temporalis" EXACT []
synonym: "temporal bone petrous part" EXACT []
synonym: "petrosal" BROAD [VHOG:0001553]
xref: FMA:52871 ! Petrous part of temporal bone
xref: GAID:234 ! petrous bone
xref: MA:0001477 ! temporal bone petrous part
xref: EHDAA2:0001452 ! petrous part of temporal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray137.png/200px-Gray137.png
xref: EMAPA:17683 ! petrous part
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.885.681 ! petrous bone
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA"} ! basicranium
xref: SCTID:361733004 ! Entire petrous part of temporal bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Process ! Ciliary Process
xref: VHOG:0001553 ! temporal bone petrous part
property_value: external_definition "The petrosal bone arises from the two otic bones on the lateral wall of the chondrocranium and encases the inner ear of mammals. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, p.258, see_Liem_KF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001553", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1261761

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001695
name: squamous part of temporal bone
def: "A bone which is fused with the temporal bone in many mammals and forms part of the cheek region articulating with quadrate and pterygoid in other vertebrates." [MP:0004423, Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis, Wikipedia:Squamosal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: The squamosal bone, which is homologous with the squama, and forms the side of the cranium in many bony fish and tetrapods. Primitively, it is a flattened plate-like bone, but in many animals it is narrower in form, for example, where it forms the boundary between the two temporal fenestrae of diapsid reptiles. Editor notes: consider separate class for squamosal OR making squamosal the primary label
synonym: "pars squamosa (os temporale)" EXACT []
synonym: "squamosal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "squamous bone" EXACT []
synonym: "squama" RELATED []
synonym: "squama temporalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis]
synonym: "squamosal" EXACT [AAO:0000574]
synonym: "squamosal bone" EXACT [MA:0001473]
synonym: "temporal bone squamous part" EXACT [VHOG:0001561]
xref: FMA:52883 ! Squamous part of temporal bone
xref: MA:0001473 ! squamosal bone
xref: AAO:0000574 ! squamosal
xref: EMAPA:18021 ! squamous part of temporal bone of vault of skull
xref: VHOG:0001561 ! temporal bone squamous part
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="temporal series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 {source="EHDAA2", source="PMID:11523816"} ! vault of skull
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 {notes="see comments"} ! temporal bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010751 ! squamous part of temporal bone primordium
xref: SCTID:138672006 ! Entire squamous part of temporal bone
synonym: "squama temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Gray144.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Skull_synapsida_1.png
property_value: external_definition "Paired, intramembranous bones that lie at the posterolateral margins of the skull. Lateral and dorsal to the quadrate.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000574", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "The squamosal bone is part of the dermatocranium in early tetrapods and becomes part of the mammalian occipital and temporal bones. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, p.246, see_Liem_KF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001561", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010751 ! squamous part of temporal bone primordium
name: squamous part of temporal bone primordium
synonym: "squamosal bone primordium" EXACT []
synonym: "squamosal primordium" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001907 ! squamous part of temporal bone primordium
xref: EHDAA:9536 ! squamous part primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 {source="EHDAA2", source="PMID:11523816"} ! vault of skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011241
name: ethmoid region
def: "the most anterior region of the braincase. Provides structural support for peripheral olfactory organ." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html, UBERONREF:0000007]
comment: Usage notes: currently this is not restricted to skeletal elements, unlike UBERONREF:0000007
xref: AAO:0000986 ! ethmoid region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005945 ! neurocranial trabecula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011242
name: ethmoid cartilage
def: "Region between capsules formed by anterior tips of neurocranial trabeculae." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: We assume the AAO structure is cartilage
synonym: "ethmoid plate" RELATED [TAO:0001405]
is_a: UBERON:0003932 {source="TAO"} ! cartilage element of chondrocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 {source="TAO"} ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011241 {source="AAO"} ! ethmoid region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA"} ! basicranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005945 {source="Kardong"} ! neurocranial trabecula
xref: AAO:0010134 ! ethmoid plate
xref: TAO:0001405 ! ethmoid cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001405 ! ethmoid cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Anterior wall of the braincase.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010134", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Chondrocranium cartilage that is initially plate-like and formed from the anterior fusion of the trabecula crani. The ethmoid cartilage is paired.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001405", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "ethmoid cartilages" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001405]
xref: EFO:0003685 ! ethmoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011629
name: supratemporal bone
synonym: "supratemporal" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="temporal series"} ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011630
name: intertemporal bone
synonym: "intertemporal" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="temporal series"} ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011631
name: tabular bone
synonym: "tabular" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="temporal series"} ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001679
name: ethmoid bone
def: "a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]" [Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone]
comment: AO notes: Note the WP states the Neurocranium contains the ethmoid bone, both MA and FMA place the ethmoid as part of the viscerocranium. FMA also has it in neurocranium (via basicranium). Ideally we would have non-overlapping divisions of the skull, but for now we follow FMA. Taxon notes: todo - homology e.g. mesethmoid of teleost
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os ethmoidale" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ethmoid]
synonym: "ethmoid" EXACT [FMA:52740]
synonym: "ethmoidal bone" EXACT [MP:0000101]
xref: FMA:52740 ! ethmoid
xref: GAID:212 ! ethmoid bone
xref: MA:0001483 ! ethmoid bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Ethmoid_Bone ! Ethmoid Bone
xref: VHOG:0001317 ! ethmoid bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvuUPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ethmoid
xref: BTO:0004140 ! ethmoid bone
xref: EMAPA:19018 ! ethmoid bone
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.292 ! ethmoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="Kardong"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 ! basicranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011241 ! ethmoid region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006227 {evidence="definitional"} ! ethmoid bone primordium
synonym: "os ethmoidale" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52740]
xref: SCTID:272674006 ! Entire ethmoid bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002396 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! vomer
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0000209 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001677 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! sphenoid bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg
property_value: external_definition "A light spongy bone located between the eye sockets, forming part of the walls and septum of the superior nasal cavity, and containing perforations for the passage of olfactory nerve fibers. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001317", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ethmoid+bone", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The ethmoid region of the chondrocranium and the nasal capsules, which were largely unossified in early tetrapods and ancestral amniotes, are represented in mammals by the ethmoid and turbinates bones, respectively.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001317", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.259", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ethmoidal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0015027

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006227
name: ethmoid bone primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
comment: Consider obsoleting, the ethmoid is endochondral?
xref: EMAPA:18023 ! ethmoid bone primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0000456 ! ethmoid bone primordium
xref: EHDAA:8363 ! ethmoid bone primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011241 {source="AAO"} ! ethmoid region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA"} ! basicranium
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001679 ! ethmoid
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006332 ! nasal capsule
name: nasal capsule
def: "an embryonic cartilaginous frame, the nasal capsule, an evolutionary-conserved structure composed of ventral and dorsal components: the mesethmoid and ectethmoid cartilages, respectively.[PMID]." [PMID:21270050]
comment: Taxon notes: In most mammals, the nasal capsule remains unossified, except in mammals where the ethmoid portion ossifies to form the turbinates[Kardong]. In avians, the mesethmoid supports upper beak formation, whereas the ectethmoid comprises elements of the olfactory system, including the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. Editor's note - consider splitting this class. Developing cartilage in mammals? Connective tissue sheath in TAO. Structure that has both respiratory and olfactory functions and lies anterior to the braincase, in the foremost section of the cranium[AAO]. Cartilaginous envelope containing the nasal organ[FishBase] Multi-tissue structure composed of connective tissue that surrounds, the internal portions of the olfactory epithelium[ZFA]. Avian def: The nasal capsule is dorsoventrally divided into two parts: the upper part, the ectethmoid, serves olfaction and is composed of the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. The lower part, the mesethmoid, is a thick cartilage bar extending from the corpus sphenoidalis to the rostral extremity of the nose (Fig. 1A-B􏰐). In the avian embryo, the mesethmoid constitutes the cartilage primordium of the upper beak
synonym: "cartilaginous nasal capsule" RELATED []
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0005507 ! nasal capsule
xref: MA:0000283 ! nasal capsule
xref: AAO:0000313 ! nasal capsule
xref: EMAPA:17852 ! nasal capsule
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 {source="MA"} ! olfactory apparatus
xref: TAO:0002035 ! nasal capsule
property_value: external_definition "Structure that has both respiratory and olfactory functions and lies anterior to the braincase, in the foremost section of the cranium.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000313", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue structure that is the connective tissue sheath that surrounds, except for external opening(s) in adult, the olfactory epithelium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002035", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_comment "Development information from Brian Hall, Bones and Cartilage: Developmental Skeletal Biology.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002035", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010892 ! mesethmoid element
name: mesethmoid element
def: "region of the nasal capsule that forms septum between nasal capsules and usually remains unossified in mammals" [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "ventral nasal capsule" EXACT [PMID:21270050]
synonym: "mesethmoid" RELATED [AAO:0000303]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005945 {source="TAO"} ! neurocranial trabecula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011241 {source="Kardong"} ! ethmoid region
xref: AAO:0000303 ! mesethmoid
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral ossification of the anteromedial portion of the braincase.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000303", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000303", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011238
name: mesethmoid bone
def: "Endochondral bone that extends forward from the frontal bones and articulates posterolaterally with the lateral ethmoids and the vomer and parasphenoid ventrally. The mesethmoid is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:0000323]
comment: absent in primitive mammals, ungulates, amphibians, reptiles/birds[Kardong]
synonym: "ethmoid" RELATED  [TAO:0000323]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="TAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0010892 ! mesethmoid element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="TAO"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005945 {source="TAO"} ! neurocranial trabecula
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 {source="TAO"} ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011241 {source="Kardong"} ! ethmoid region
xref: TAO:0000323 ! mesethmoid bone
xref: ZFA:0000323 ! mesethmoid bone
synonym: "dermethmocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000323]
synonym: "mcésethmocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000323]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011244
name: perpendicular plate of ethmoid
def: "The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (vertical plate) is a thin, flattened lamina, polygonal in form, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and assists in forming the septum of the nose; it is generally deflected a little to one or other side. The anterior border articulates with the spine of the frontal bone and the crest of the nasal bones. The posterior border articulates by its upper half with the sphenoidal crest, by its lower with the vomer. The inferior border is thicker than the posterior, and serves for the attachment of the septal cartilage of the nose. The surfaces of the plate are smooth, except above, where numerous grooves and canals are seen; these lead from the medial foramina on the cribriform plate and lodge filaments of the olfactory nerves." [Wikipedia:Perpendicular_plate_of_ethmoid_bone]
synonym: "lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Perpendicular_plate_of_ethmoid_bone]
synonym: "vertical plate of the ethmoid bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Perpendicular_plate_of_ethmoid_bone]
synonym: "perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Perpendicular_plate_of_ethmoid_bone]
synonym: "lamina perpendicularis (os ethmoidale)" EXACT  [FMA:52891]
synonym: "lamina perpendicularis of ethmoid bone" EXACT  [FMA:52891]
synonym: "perpendicular plate" BROAD [EMAPA:25114]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="cjm"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001679 {source="FMA"} ! ethmoid bone
xref: FMA:52891 ! perpendicular plate of ethmoid
xref: EMAPA:25114 ! perpendicular plate
xref: SCTID:369005006 ! Entire lamina perpendicularis of ethmoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001706
name: nasal septum
def: "The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is depressed by the Depressor septi nasi muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_septum]
comment: We follow AAO in making this part of the nasal skeleton
synonym: "columella nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasal_septum]
synonym: "nasi columella" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasal_septum]
synonym: "septal cartilage" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasal_septum]
synonym: "septum mobile nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasal_septum]
synonym: "septum nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasal_septum]
synonym: "septum of the nose" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasal_septum]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:6809 ! nasal septum
xref: FMA:54375 ! Nasal septum
xref: GAID:115 ! nasal septum
xref: VHOG:0000017 ! nasal septum
xref: MA:0000285 ! nasal septum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7e-k5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Septum ! Nasal Septum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7e-k5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nasal septum
xref: EHDAA2:0001234 ! nasal septum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray854.png/200px-Gray854.png
xref: EMAPA:17608 ! nasal septum
xref: MESH:A02.165.639 ! nasal septum
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 {source="AAO"} ! nasal skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011241 {source="AAO"} ! ethmoid region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009714 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! intermaxillary process
xref: AAO:0010135 ! nasal septum
xref: EHDAA2:0004104 ! nasal septum
xref: SCTID:181197004 ! Entire nasal septum
xref: AAO:0000559 ! septum nasi
synonym: "septum nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasal_septum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray854.png
property_value: external_definition "Medial, vertical plate that separates the nasal capsules.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000559", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Medial vertical wall between nasal capsules.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010135", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "A median dividing wall, sagitally directed, which divides the nasal cavity into the right and the left nasal fossae. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000017", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Whatever the common ancestor of the lamprey and gnathostomes may have looked like, it most likely possessed a neural-crest-derived premandibular ectomesenchyme closely associated with the NHP. Invention of the jaw subsequently required a space for the nasal septum and maxillary process to develop, which might have been provided by subdivision of the NHP into the nasal placode and the hypophysis (diplorhiny, the state of bilaterally separated nasal openings, would also have been a prerequisite for this).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000017", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1098/rstb.2001.0976 Kuratani S\, Nobusada Y\, Horigome N\, Shigetani Y\, Embryology of the lamprey and evolution of the vertebrate jaw: insights from molecular and developmental perspectives. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0027432

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001680
name: lacrimal bone
def: "the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two surfaces and four borders. In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_bone]
comment: In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species[WP, ISBN 0-03-910284-X]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lachrymal bone - infraorbital 1" RELATED  [VHOG:0001149]
synonym: "lacrimal - infraorbital 1" RELATED  [VHOG:0001149]
synonym: "lacrymal bone - infraorbital 1" RELATED  [VHOG:0001149]
synonym: "lachrymal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "lacrymal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "lacrimal" BROAD []
synonym: "infraorbital 1" RELATED SENSU [ZFA:0000223, VHOG:0001149, TODO:TODO]
xref: FMA:52741 ! Lacrimal bone
xref: VHOG:0001149 ! lacrimal bone
xref: MA:0001486 ! lacrimal bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Bone ! Lacrimal Bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001697 {source="ZFA-modified"} ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="orbital series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:8292 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Amphibia
xref: SCTID:272675007 ! Entire lacrimal bone
synonym: "os lacrimale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray164.png
property_value: homology_notes "The infraorbital bone 1 of actinopterygians is homologous with the lacrimal bone (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001149", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-3899370805 Arratia G\, Schultze HP\, Wilson MVH\, Mesozoic Fishes 4 - Homology and Phylogeny (2008) p.23-48", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0222733

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001681
name: nasal bone
def: "One of two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, 'the bridge' of the nose[WP]. Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_bone, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Taxon notes: In primitive bony fish and tetrapods, the nasal bones are the most anterior of a set of four paired bones forming the roof of the skull, being followed in sequence by the frontals, the parietals, and the postparietals. Their form in living species is highly variable, depending on the shape of the head, but they generally form the roof of the snout or beak, running from the nostrils to a position short of the orbits. In most animals, they are generally therefore proportionally larger than in humans or great apes, because of the shortened faces of the latter. Turtles, unusually, lack nasal bones, with the prefrontal bones of the orbit reaching all the way to the nostrils (ISBN 0-03-910284-X)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:52745 ! Nasal bone
xref: GAID:222 ! nasal bone
xref: VHOG:0001370 ! nasal bone
xref: MA:0001494 ! nasal bone
xref: TAO:0000365 ! nasal bone
xref: ZFA:0000365 ! nasal bone
xref: EMAPA:19202 ! nasal bone
xref: AAO:0000312 ! nasal
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Bone ! Nasal Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwGOTZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nasal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.665 ! nasal bone
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="facial series"} ! dermatocranium
xref: SCTID:181801008 ! Entire nasal bone
synonym: "os nasale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasal_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Paired bone of intramembranous origin that roofs the olfactory capsule.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000312", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000312", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish Cubbage and Mabee, 1996.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000365", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-nasal joint (TAO:0001677)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000365", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "nasals" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000365]
synonym: "adnasal@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000365]
synonym: "nasal@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000365]
property_value: external_comment "Synonym adnasal used in Weitzman 1960, and synonym discussed in Vari 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000365", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0027422

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001682
name: palatine bone
def: "A paired dermal bone situated in the mid-palate[Palaeos]." [Wikipedia:Palatine_bone, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/palatal-palatines.html]
comment: Fusion of dermopalatine+autopalatine.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "palatum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Palatine_bone]
synonym: "os palatinum" RELATED LATIN []
synonym: "palate bone" RELATED []
synonym: "palatine" EXACT []
synonym: "dermopalatine" NARROW [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryD.html]
xref: FMA:52746 ! Palatine bone
xref: MA:0001495 ! palatine bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Palatine_Bone ! Palatine Bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gray996.png/200px-Gray996.png
xref: SCTID:244654005 ! Entire palatine bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Gray996.png
xref: TAO:0000015 ! dermopalatine
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/289x311xPalatine1.gif.pagespeed.ic.tglmNBrF4D.png
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="Palaeos"} ! dermal bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0012072 {source="Kardong"} ! palatal part of dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012072 {source="Kardong", notes="palatal series"} ! palatal part of dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012074 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674"} ! bony part of hard palate
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001682 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", notes="opposite"} ! palatine bone
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32519 {source="TAO"} ! Ostariophysi
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral region of the palate and is located ventral to the autopalatine. The dermopalatine is bilaterally paired and usually bears teeth.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000015", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: external_comment "In ostariophysans, the dermopalatine is absent.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000015", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
property_value: external_comment "Dermopalatine: same as palatine.  The prefix is used by fish people because the palatine is a dermal replacement bone for a section of the autopalatine section of the palatoquadrate.  In that context, palatine is potentially ambiguous.[Palaeos]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryD.html"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0222734

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011634
name: ectopterygoid bone
def: "a palatal bone which -- like many palatal bones -- may originally have developed as a dermal bone replacing part of the palatoquadrate, the primitive upper jaw.  Like the palatine (also called dermopalatine), the ectopterygoid replaces the middle part of the autopalatine.  It may be serially homologous with the palatine(s), but is somewhat specialized, being the last (most posterior in palatal view) of the series and bordering the fossa for the jaw muscles.  In a typical tetrapod it abuts the palatine anteriorly, the maxilla laterally, the pterygoid or the fossa mandubuaris medially, and the fossa posteriorly" [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryE.html]
synonym: "ectopterygoid" EXACT [TAO:0000656]
comment: Provenance notes: taken from TAO but is present in tetrapods
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="TAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012072 {source="Kardong", notes="palatal series"} ! palatal part of dermatocranium
relationship: serially_homologous_to UBERON:0001682 {source="http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/palatal-palatines.html", notes="may be serially homologous with the palatines"} ! palatine bone
xref: TAO:0000656 ! ectopterygoid
xref: ZFA:0000656 ! ectopterygoid
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that forms the lateral border of the palate and articulates with the quadrate posteriorly, the entopterygoid medially and the dermopalatine and/or autopalatine antero-laterally. The ectopterygoid is a paired bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000656", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:ga_tg", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_comment "The ectopterygoid is often toothed.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000656", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
xref: EFO:0003552 ! ectopterygoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004867
name: orbital cavity
comment: AO notes: note that the AAO class is a cavity
synonym: "orbit" RELATED [AAO:0000343]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
xref: FMA:84961 ! orbital cavity
xref: SCTID:280541000 ! Orbital cavity
xref: AAO:0000343 ! orbit
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a orbital region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001697 ! orbital region
name: orbital region
def: "Anatomical cluster that is a anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball." [TAO:0001410, Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy)]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, this overlaps with bones such as the maxilla and sphenoid; in ZFA, individual bones are part of the orbit
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "orbit of skull" EXACT [FMA:53074]
synonym: "eye socket" EXACT []
synonym: "bony orbit" EXACT []
synonym: "orbit" RELATED [ZFA:0001410]
xref: FMA:53074 ! Orbit
xref: GAID:223 ! orbit
xref: MA:0002482 ! orbit
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbit
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvW8EgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0003171 ! orbital region
xref: ZFA:0001410 ! orbital region
xref: galen:Orbit ! orbit
xref: BTO:0004687 ! orbit
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.690 ! orbit
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="ZFA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: encloses UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
xref: TAO:0001410 ! orbital region
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is a anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001410", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:MAH"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0029180

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001683
name: jugal bone
def: "The zygomatic bone is a paired dermal bone which articulates with the maxilla. In humans it also articulates with the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders[WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone, Wikipedia:Jugal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: vHOG says is homologous to infraorbital 3. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cheek bone" EXACT []
synonym: "orbital bone" EXACT []
synonym: "zygomatic" RELATED []
synonym: "jugale" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "jugal bone" RELATED [GAID:225, Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "jugal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "zygoma" RELATED [GAID:225]
synonym: "os zygomaticum" EXACT [FMA:52747, FMA:TA]
synonym: "os zygomaticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "malar bone" EXACT [FMA:52747]
synonym: "zygomatic bone" EXACT [MA:0001497]
xref: FMA:52747 ! Zygomatic bone
xref: MA:0001497 ! zygomatic bone
xref: GAID:225 ! zygoma
xref: VHOG:0001638 ! zygomatic bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray164.png/200px-Gray164.png
xref: EMAPA:25111 ! zygomatic bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001567 ! cheek
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="orbital series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001697 {source="Kardong"} ! orbital region
xref: SCTID:272683001 ! Entire os zygomaticum
synonym: "os zygomaticum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "zygoma" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray164.png
property_value: homology_notes " (...) and the infraorbital bone 3 of advanced actinopterygians (is homologous) with the jugal bone of sarcopterygians.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001638", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-3899370805 Arratia G\, Schultze HP\, Wilson MVH\, Mesozoic Fishes 4 - Homology and Phylogeny (2008) p.23-48", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. In mammals, the jugal is often called the malar or Zygomatic. It is connected to the quadratojugal and maxilla, as well as other bones, which may vary by species. This bone is considered key in the determination of general traits of the skull, in the case of creatures, as with dinosaurs in paleontology, whose entire skull has not been found[Wikipedia:Jugal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Jugal_bone"}
property_value: external_definition "The zygomatic bone is a paired dermal bone which articulates with the maxilla. In humans it also articulates with the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders[WP,modified][Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002500
name: zygomatic arch
def: "The zygomatic arch or cheek bone is formed by the zygomatic process of temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture; the tendon of the Temporalis passes medial to the arch to gain insertion into the coronoid process of the mandible. The term zygomatic derives from the Latin zyosislymore meaning malar bone or cheekbone. The zygomatic arch is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term usually refers to the zygomatic bone or occasionally the zygomatic process. The zygomatic process of the temporal arises by two roots: an anterior, directed inward in front of the mandibular fossa, where it expands to form the articular tubercle. a posterior, which runs backward above the external acoustic meatus and is continuous with the supramastoid crest. The upper border of the arch gives attachment to the temporal fascia; the lower border and medial surface give origin to the Masseter. The zygomatic arch is significant in evolutionary biology, as it is part of the structures derived from the ancestral single temporal fenestra of the synapsid ancestor of mammals. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_arch]
comment: Editors note: compare with zygomatic bone
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "zygoma" EXACT []
xref: FMA:53120 ! Zygomatic arch
xref: MA:0002810 ! zygomatic arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomatic_Arch ! Zygomatic Arch
xref: galen:Zygoma ! zygoma
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvih1YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! zygoma
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gray188-Sphenozygomatic_suture.png/200px-Gray188-Sphenozygomatic_suture.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.995 ! zygoma
is_a: UBERON:0011164 {source="MA"} ! neurocranium bone
xref: SCTID:272682006 ! Entire zygomatic arch
synonym: "arcus zygomaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_arch]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Gray188-Sphenozygomatic_suture.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0162485

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012108
name: postorbital bar
def: "A strut formed from the union of the zygomatic process of the frontal bone with the frontal process of the zygomatic bone." [Wikipedia:Postorbital_Bar, MURDOCH:1580]
synonym: "post-orbital bar" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0012110 ! frontal process of zygomatic bone
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0012109 ! zygomatic process of frontal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {notes="orbital series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012109
name: zygomatic process of frontal bone
def: "The part of the zygomatic process consisting of the frontal bone[WP]" [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_frontal_bone]
synonym: "frontal bone - zygomatic process" EXACT []
synonym: "processus zygomaticus (os frontale)" EXACT  [FMA:54389]
synonym: "processus zygomaticus ossis frontalis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_frontal_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001683 ! zygomatic bone
xref: FMA:54389 ! zygomatic process of frontal bone
xref: SCTID:427577001 ! Entire zygomatic process of frontal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012110
name: frontal process of zygomatic bone
synonym: "zygomatic bone - frontal process" EXACT []
synonym: "processus frontalis (os zygomaticum)" EXACT  [FMA:52907]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001683 ! zygomatic bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
xref: FMA:52907 ! frontal process of zygomatic bone
xref: SCTID:116353002 ! Frontal process of zygomatic bone
disjoint_from: UBERON:0012109 ! zygomatic process of frontal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011267
name: quadratojugal bone
def: "The quadratojugal is a small jaw bone that is present in most amphibians, reptiles, and birds, but has been lost in mammals. It is connected to the jugal as well as other bones, though these may vary with species. The quadratojugal bone is a small bone between the cheek and otic notch (Lecointre 380). Squamates (lizards and snakes) lack a quadratojugal bone (Schwenk 193)." [Wikipedia:Quadratojugal_bone]
synonym: "quadratjochbeine" RELATED  [AAO:0000532]
synonym: "quadrato-jugals" RELATED  [AAO:0000532]
synonym: "quadrato-maxillare" RELATED  [AAO:0000532]
synonym: "quadratojugale" RELATED  [AAO:0000532]
synonym: "tympano maleaux" RELATED  [AAO:0000532]
synonym: "quadratojugal" EXACT [AAO:0000532]
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="AAO-def"} ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="temporal series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8509 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Squamata
xref: AAO:0000532 ! quadratojugal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Archaeopteryx_skull.png/800px-Archaeopteryx_skull.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Skull_synapsida_1.png
property_value: external_definition "Paired intramembranous bones that completes the maxillary arch posteriorly; they appear at the end of, or just after, metamorphosis[AAO:0000532]." xsd:string {source="AAO:0000532"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus
name: hyoid apparatus
def: "A group of bones comprised of hyoid body and two pairs of cornua (i.e. greater cornua and lesser cornua), and lies just below the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage" [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hyoid_apparatus]
comment: Taxon notes: In most mammals, including humans, the hyoid apparatus is shaped like a horseshoe. However, in humans, some of the bones of the hyoid apparatus are fused into a single bone called os hyoideum. In other animals such as frogs, the hyoid apparatus has a hyoid body that is chiefly comprised of hyaline cartilage and two pairs of processes (i.e. alary process and the posteriolateral process). 
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005884 {source="AAO"} ! hyoid arch skeleton
synonym: "apparatus hyoideus" RELATED  [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hyoid_apparatus]
synonym: "hyobranchial apparatus" RELATED  [AAO:0000225]
synonym: "apparatus hyobranchialis" RELATED LATIN  []
synonym: "hyolingual system" RELATED  [AAO:0000225]
xref: AAO:0000225 ! hyoid apparatus
xref: AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Apparatus located in the floor of the mouth, under the mandibular arcade. The apparatus consists of a central corpus and four pairs of processes. This apparatus serves as the site of insertion for a variety of muscles associated with movements of the tongue and as the origin of the m. hyoglossus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000225", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of hyolaryngeal complex (AAO:0000226)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000225", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: SCTID:410035009 ! Entire hyoid apparatus
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/gill_arches/images/ReptileHyoids.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001685
name: hyoid bone
def: "The hyoid bone (lingual bone) (Latin os hyoideum) is a horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind. It is the only bone in the human skeleton not articulated to any other bone. It is held in place by thyroid ligaments. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. Its name is derived from the Greek word hyoeides meaning 'shaped like the letter upsilon' (υ). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone, Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: The hyoid bone is derived from the lower half of the second gill arch in fish, which separates the first gill slit from the spiracle. In many animals, it also incorporates elements of other gill arches, and has a correspondingly greater number of cornua. Amphibians and reptiles may have many cornua, while mammals (including humans) have two pairs, and birds only one. In birds, and some reptiles, the body of the hyoid is greatly extended forward, creating a solid bony support for the tongue. The howler monkey Alouatta has a pneumatized hyoid bone, one of the few cases of postcranial pneumatization of bones outside Saurischia.[WP]
synonym: "hyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "hyoid bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "hyoideum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "lingual bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "os hyoideum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000684 ! hyoid_bone
xref: FMA:52749 ! Hyoid bone
xref: GAID:197 ! hyoid bone
xref: MA:0001484 ! hyoid bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyoid_Bone ! Hyoid Bone
xref: VHOG:0001325 ! hyoid bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray186.png/200px-Gray186.png
xref: EMAPA:18650 ! hyoid bone of skeleton of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18840 ! hyoid bone of skeleton of pharynx of gut
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.409 ! hyoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 ! splanchnocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003114 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003066 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: SCTID:263352000 ! Entire hyoid bone
synonym: "os hyoideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Gray186.png
property_value: external_definition "Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are the ossified posteromedial processes and invest the laryngeal apparatus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000684", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of hyoid plate (AAO:0000664)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000684", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0020417

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011608 ! hyomandibular element
name: hyomandibular element
def: "the upper paired deep bone or cartilage of the hyoid region, sometimes taking part in jaw suspension and which supports the opercle. Dorsally it articulates with the otic capsule at the hyomandibular fossa, ventrally with the quadrate and symplectic. In most Teleostei it has a foramen for the hyomandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)." [http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/en_ichthyology/8715/hyomandibula]
synonym: "epihyal" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/gill_arches/gill_arches.html]
synonym: "hyomandibula element" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0010522 ! replacement element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011152 ! dorsal hyoid arch skeleton
xref: TAO:0000672 ! hyomandibula (also: UBERON:0011606 'hyomandibular bone')
xref: VHOG:0000688 ! hyomandibula - stapes (also: UBERON:0011607 'hyomandibular cartilage') (also: UBERON:0011606 'hyomandibular bone') (also: UBERON:0001687 'stapes')
property_value: external_definition "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the neurocranium dorsally and the opercle posteriorly.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps quadrate-hyomandibula joint (TAO:0001801)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibular-otic region joint (TAO:0001947)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibula-metapterygoid joint (TAO:0001979)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibula-opercle joint (TAO:0005265)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps preopercle vertical limb-hyomandibula joint (TAO:0005278)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "hyomandibula - stapes" EXACT [VHOG:0000688]
property_value: external_comment "In most teleosts, there is a symplectic, and the hyomandibula articulates with it anteroventrally.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "This structure (the hyomandibular), on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000688", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100009087 Gerrie J\, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011607 ! hyomandibular cartilage
name: hyomandibular cartilage
def: "Cartilage form of the hyomandibular element." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: The stapes is homologous to the hyomandibula. In this ontology, we use the class 'hyomandibular cartilage' generally to include the future stapes, the future hyomandibular bone of teleosts and the unossified cartilage in sharks.
synonym: "hyosymplectic cartilage" EXACT  [ZFA:0001422]
synonym: "symplectic cartilage" EXACT  [TAO:0001422]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="TAO"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0011608 ! hyomandibular element
xref: TAO:0001422 ! hyosymplectic cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001422 ! hyosymplectic cartilage
xref: VHOG:0000688 ! hyomandibula - stapes (also: UBERON:0011608 'hyomandibular element') (also: UBERON:0011606 'hyomandibular bone') (also: UBERON:0001687 'stapes')
property_value: external_definition "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the chondrocranium dorsally, the opercle bone posteriorly, and the palatoquadrate cartilage anteriorly.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001422", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "This structure (the hyomandibular), on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000688", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100009087 Gerrie J\, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: EFO:0003686 ! hyosymplectic cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011606 ! hyomandibular bone
name: hyomandibular bone
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and (in teleosts) articulates with the neurocranium dorsally and the opercle posteriorly[TAO,modified]." [TAO:0000672, Wikipedia:Hyomandibula]
comment: In most teleosts, there is a symplectic, and the hyomandibula articulates with it anteroventrally.
synonym: "hyomandibular" BROAD  [TAO:0000672, Wikipedia:Hyomandibula]
synonym: "hyomandibula" BROAD [TAO:0000672]
xref: VHOG:0000688 ! hyomandibula - stapes (also: UBERON:0011608 'hyomandibular element') (also: UBERON:0011607 'hyomandibular cartilage') (also: UBERON:0001687 'stapes')
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="TAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0011608 ! hyomandibular element
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011607 {source="TAO"} ! hyomandibular cartilage
xref: TAO:0000672 ! hyomandibula (also: UBERON:0011608 'hyomandibular element')
xref: ZFA:0000672 ! hyomandibula
property_value: external_definition "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the neurocranium dorsally and the opercle posteriorly.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps quadrate-hyomandibula joint (TAO:0001801)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibular-otic region joint (TAO:0001947)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibula-metapterygoid joint (TAO:0001979)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibula-opercle joint (TAO:0005265)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps preopercle vertical limb-hyomandibula joint (TAO:0005278)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000672", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "This structure (the hyomandibular), on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000688", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100009087 Gerrie J\, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: EFO:0003556 ! hyomandibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011609 ! ceratohyal element
name: ceratohyal element
synonym: "keratohyal element" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0010522 ! replacement element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011153 {source="TAO-abduced"} ! ventral hyoid arch skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011610
name: ceratohyal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0011609 ! ceratohyal element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="TAO"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
xref: TAO:0001400 ! ceratohyal cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001400 ! ceratohyal cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and the largest cartilaginous component of the ventral hyoid arch.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps interhyal-epihyal joint (TAO:0001841)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps inter-ventral hypohyal joint (TAO:0001846)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps dorsal hypohyal-urohyal joint (TAO:0001847)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps ventral hypohyal-urohyal joint (TAO:0001848)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps epihyal-branchiostegal ray joint (TAO:0001849)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps ceratohyal-branchiostegal ray joint (TAO:0001850)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011611
name: ceratohyal bone
synonym: "ceratohyale" RELATED  [AAO:0000666]
synonym: "hyale" RELATED  [AAO:0000666]
synonym: "hyoid" RELATED  [AAO:0000666]
synonym: "keratohyale" RELATED  [AAO:0000666]
synonym: "zungenbeinknorpel" RELATED  [AAO:0000666]
synonym: "anterohyal" EXACT  [TAO:0000578]
synonym: "ceratohyal" EXACT  [TAO:0000578]
synonym: "ceratohyal anterior" EXACT  [TAO:0000578]
synonym: "ceratohyal bone" EXACT  [TAO:0000578]
synonym: "distal ceratohyal" EXACT  [TAO:0000578]
synonym: "rostral ceratohyal" EXACT  [TAO:0000578]
synonym: "anterior ceratohyal" EXACT [TAO:0000578]
synonym: "ceratohyoid bone" EXACT []
synonym: "ceratohyoid" NARROW SENSU []
is_a: UBERON:0011609 ! ceratohyal element
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="TAO"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011610 {source="TAO"} ! ceratohyal cartilage
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0003998 ! hyoid bone lesser horn
xref: AAO:0000666 ! ceratohyal
xref: TAO:0000578 ! anterior ceratohyal
xref: ZFA:0000578 ! ceratohyal bone
xref: SCTID:370641002 ! Ceratohyoid bone
property_value: external_definition "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the hypohyal cartilage or bone, dorsal and ventral hypohyals, and posterior ceratohyal posteriorly.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000578", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps epihyal-ceratohyal joint (TAO:0001842)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000578", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps ceratohyal-dorsal hypohyal joint (TAO:0001843)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000578", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint (TAO:0001844)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000578", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps ceratohyal-branchiostegal ray joint (TAO:0001850)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000578", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "anterohyals" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000578]
synonym: "ceratohyals" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000578]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011613 ! hypohyal element
name: hypohyal element
def: "The hypohyal is a ventral element of the hyoid arch which links the ceratohyal and the basihyal." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/gill_arches/hypohyal.html]
is_a: UBERON:0010522 ! replacement element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011153 {source="TAO-abduced"} ! ventral hyoid arch skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011612
name: hypohyal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="TAO"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0011613 ! hypohyal element
xref: TAO:0001868 ! hypohyal cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates posteriorly with the ceratohyal cartilage.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001868", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004751
name: hypohyal bone
synonym: "hypohyals" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001381]
xref: AAO:0000958 ! hypohyal
xref: ZFA:0001381 ! hypohyal bone
xref: TAO:0001381 ! hypohyal bone
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="TAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0011613 ! hypohyal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 {source="AAO"} ! hyoid apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011153 {source="TAO"} ! ventral hyoid arch skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011610 {source="TAO"} ! ceratohyal cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011612 {source="TAO"} ! hypohyal cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Paired element that articulates anterioly with the basihyal and posteriorly with the ceratohyal hypohyals.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000958", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of hyoid apparatus skeleton (AAO:0000682)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000958", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the anterior ceratohyal posteriorly.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001381", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011614
name: basihyal element
def: "Skeletal element that is median and is the anterior-most element of the ventral hyoid arch." [TAO:0001891]
is_a: UBERON:0010522 ! replacement element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011153 {source="TAO"} ! ventral hyoid arch skeleton
xref: TAO:0001891 ! basihyal element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011615
name: basihyal cartilage
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch." [TAO:0001510]
synonym: "copula 1" EXACT  [TAO:0001510]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="TAO"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0011614 {source="TAO"} ! basihyal element
xref: TAO:0001510 ! basihyal cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001510 ! basihyal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011618 ! basihyal bone
name: basihyal bone
def: "Replacement bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch." [TAO:0000316]
synonym: "basihyoid" EXACT  [TAO:0000316]
synonym: "glossohyal" EXACT  [TAO:0000316]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="TAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0011614 {source="TAO"} ! basihyal element
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011615 {source="TAO"} ! basihyal cartilage
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0003999 ! hyoid bone body
xref: VSAO_RETIRED:0000007 ! basihyal bone
xref: ZFA:0000316 ! basihyal bone
xref: TAO:0000316 ! basihyal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011619
name: stylohyoid bone
def: "This is the paired bone that makes up the segment of the mammalian hyoid apparatus connecting the epihyoids with the skull via the tympanohyoid cartilages on each side. Ventrally, it defines the medial and lateral compartments of the guttural pouch in the horse." [MURDOCH:1758]
comment: Taxon notes: The stylohyoid bone is one of the four bones ( stylohyoid, ceratohyoid, basihyoid, thyrohyoid) of the hyoid apparatus in the horse. Other species have five bones, the fifth being the epihyoid that is not present in the horse. The stylohyoid bone in the horse is significantly larger compared to other bones of the hyoid apparatus and divides the guttural pouch into two chambers, medial and lateral. The hyoid apparatus consists of a series of bony rods, jointed together and forming a means of suspending the tongue and larynx from the skull[MURDOCH]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus
xref: SCTID:370715004 ! Stylohyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011620
name: basihyal lingual process
def: "A projection on the basihyal bone. Laterally the lingual process is compressed. It has a blunt pointed free end, and its lateral surfaces are slightly concave. The dorsal border is thin and irregular, and the ventral border is thick and rough. In the living animal the lingual process is embedded within the root of the tongue." [MURDOCH:1080]
synonym: "lingual process of basihyoid bone" EXACT []
synonym: "lingual process of hyoid" RELATED []
synonym: "lingual process of basihyoid" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011618 ! basihyal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011621
name: thyrohyoid cartilage
def: "This small finger of cartilage completes the connection between the thyrohyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage (rostral cornu)" [MURDOCH:2033]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="TAO"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus
relationship: connects UBERON:0011622 ! thyrohyoid bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0011623 ! horn of thyroid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011622 ! thyrohyoid bone
name: thyrohyoid bone
def: "Is a laterally bowed, sagitally compressed, slender element that extends from dorsocaudally from the lateral parts of the basihyoid. It connects the basiohyoid with the rostral corner of the thyroid cartlilage of the larynx." [MURDOCH:1951]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus
relationship: connects UBERON:0011618 ! basihyal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0011623 ! horn of thyroid cartilage
xref: SCTID:370708007 ! Thyrohyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011626
name: tympanohyoid cartilage
def: "the terminal segment in the chain of skeletal elements of the hyoid apparatus. One of a pair of rods of cartilage that connect the hyoid bone to the styloid process of the petrous part of the temporal bone" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tympanohyoid]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus
relationship: connects UBERON:0001685 ! hyoid bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0003960 ! styloid process of temporal bone
xref: SCTID:370702008 ! Tympanohyoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001686
name: auditory ossicle
def: "One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle]
comment: Taxon and editor notes: This should probably be restricted to mammals - the AAO/XAO structures may group non-homologous structures [Wikipedia:Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles] see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5. Development notes: Studies have shown that ear bones in mammal embryos are attached to the dentary, which is part of the jaw. These are ossified portions of cartilage -- called Meckel's cartilage -- that are attached to the jaw. As the embryo develops, the cartilage hardens to form bone. Later in development, the bone structure breaks loose from the jaw and migrates to the inner ear area. The structure is known as the middle ear, and is made up of the incus, stapes, malleus, and tympanic membrane. These correspond to the quadrate, prearticular, articular, and angular structures in the reptile jaw. For this reason, researchers believe the similarity of the results shows that mammals and reptiles have a common ancestry.[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auditory ossicle" RELATED  [MA:0000254]
synonym: "ear bone" RELATED  [MA:0000254]
synonym: "ear ossicle" RELATED  []
synonym: "ear ossicles" RELATED PLURAL  []
synonym: "ossicular chain" RELATED PLURAL  []
synonym: "ossicle of ear" RELATED  []
synonym: "ossicle of inner ear" RELATED  []
synonym: "middle ear bone" RELATED  []
synonym: "auditory bone" EXACT []
synonym: "middle ear ossicle" EXACT [MP:0005105]
synonym: "ossicle" BROAD [EMAPA:17824, Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle]
xref: EHDAA:5697 ! ossicle
xref: EMAPA:17824 ! ossicle
xref: FMA:52750 ! Auditory ossicle
xref: VHOG:0000461 ! auditory ossicle
xref: MA:0000254 ! auditory bone
xref: XAO:0000214 ! auditory ossicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Auditory_Ossicle ! Auditory Ossicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Illu_auditory_ossicles.jpg/200px-Illu_auditory_ossicles.jpg
xref: EHDAA2:0001183 ! middle ear ossicle
xref: EV:0100360 ! auditory ossicle
xref: SCTID:181184001 ! Entire ossicle of ear
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="MA"} ! middle ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="PMID:11523816"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003099 {source="PMID:11237469", source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! cranial neural crest
xref: AAO:0011015 ! auditory ossicle
property_value: external_definition "The small bones of the middle ear: incus, malleus, and stapes. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000461", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/auditory+ossicles", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Additional structural analysis within a phylogenetic context has led to the remarkable discovery that in synapsids, thought to be ancestral to mammals, both the quadrate and articular have become reduced and less firmly articulated with their surrounding bones, reducing their jaw-joint-bearing role. This trend culminated with the incorporation of the quadrate, the columella (which remains articulated with the quadrate), and the articular into the expanded middle ear in mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000461", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.695", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0013450

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001687
name: stapes
def: "The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window' medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis. The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Stapes, doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x]
comment: Editor notes: Consider adding classes for homologs; we do not include a class for hyomandibula in uberon, no need to generalize the TAO/ZFA class. Taxon notes (via VHOG): "This structure [the hyomandibular], on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes." Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357? Development notes: As the stapes first develops embryologically from the 6th to 8th week of life, it surrounds the stapedial artery, which supplies the majority of the vasculature of the embryonic head. After that period, the external carotid artery is generated and takes over for the stapedial artery, which subsequently involutes, leaving the stapes with a windowframe-like structure[WP] The stapes develops at the cranial end of the second branchial arch through an independent anlage of the cartilage of this arch. Between the stapedial anlage and the cranial end of the Reichert's cartilage there is a formation called the interhyale, the internal segment of which gives rise to the tendon of the stapedial muscle. The stapedial anlage is a unique formation with two distinct parts: the superior part that will comprise the base and the inferior part that will be crossed by the stapedial artery during embryonic development and will constitute the limbs and the head of the stapes. According to the results, the otic capsule is not involved in formation of the base of the stapes.[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "stirrup" EXACT []
synonym: "columella" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Stapes]
synonym: "columella auris" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "columellare" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "interstapediale" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "mediostapediale" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "mesostapediale" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "os columellare" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "os intermedium" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "stapes" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "stelidium" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "stilus columellare" RELATED  [AAO:0000580]
xref: FMA:52751 ! Stapes
xref: GAID:868 ! stape
xref: MA:0001217 ! stapes
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5UnkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Stapes ! Stapes
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5UnkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! stapes
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray918.png/200px-Gray918.png
xref: EMAPA:18585 ! stapes
xref: MESH:A09.246.397.247.806 ! stape
is_a: UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
xref: SCTID:264199009 ! Entire stapes
xref: VHOG:0000688 ! hyomandibula - stapes (also: UBERON:0011608 'hyomandibular element') (also: UBERON:0011607 'hyomandibular cartilage') (also: UBERON:0011606 'hyomandibular bone')
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011606 {source="VHOG"} ! hyomandibula
relationship: homologous_to AAO:0000580 {source="Wikipedia:Stapes"} ! stylus of pars media plectri
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010055 {source="definitional"} ! stapes cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004368 {source="classical definition", contradicted_by="doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00524.x"} ! Reichert's cartilage
synonym: "stapellos" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stapes]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Gray918.png
property_value: homology_notes "This structure (the hyomandibular), on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000688", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100009087 Gerrie J\, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0038152

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001688
name: incus
def: "The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna. The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Incus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "quadrate - incus" BROAD [VHOG:0000689]
xref: FMA:52752 ! Incus
xref: GAID:866 ! incus
xref: MA:0001215 ! incus
xref: ncithesaurus:Incus ! Incus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray917.png/200px-Gray917.png
xref: EMAPA:18583 ! incus
xref: MESH:A09.246.397.247.362 ! incus
xref: VHOG:0000689 ! quadrate - incus (also: UBERON:0006597 'quadrate bone')
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007374 {source="EMAPA-implied"} ! incus cartilage condensation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32525 ! Theria
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0006597 ! quadrate bone
xref: SCTID:272649008 ! Entire incus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray917.png
property_value: homology_notes "According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000689", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100009087 Gerrie J\, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0021181

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011599
name: lenticular process of incus
def: "the long ventral process of the incus which articulates with the stapes" [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryJL.html]
comment: the lenticular process may be homologous to the shaft of the stapes and result from fusion of the former quadrate- stapes articulation.  This speculation is consistent with the observation that artiodactyls have a very short lenticular process (Thewissen & Hussain (1993)), with perhaps greater length to the corresponding process of the stapes[http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/ear/incus.html]
synonym: "processus lenticularis (incus)" EXACT  [FMA:52775]
synonym: "processus lenticularis" BROAD  []
synonym: "lenticular process" BROAD  []
synonym: "incus crus longum" EXACT  [http://palaeos.com]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001688 {source="FMA"} ! incus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005689 ! 2nd arch mesenchyme
xref: FMA:52775 ! lenticular process of incus
xref: SCTID:368928003 ! Entire lenticular process of incus
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/ear/images/Incus3.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006597
name: quadrate bone
def: "Ossified pars articularis of the palatoquadrate cartilage." [AAO:0000525, Wikipedia:Quadrate_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: In snakes, the quadrate bone has become elongated and very mobile, and contributes greatly to their ability to swallow very large prey items. In mammals the articular and quadrate bones have migrated to the middle ear and are known as the malleus and incus. AO notes: Endochondral bone that commonly articulates with the ectopterygoid anteriorly, the metapterygoid dorsally, and the symplectic postero-medially. The quadrate is formed from the posterior part of the palatoquadrate cartilage, or pars quadrata. The quadrate is a paired bone.[TAO:0000621]
synonym: "quadrate - incus" BROAD [VHOG:0000689]
synonym: "quadrate bone" EXACT [AAO:0000525]
synonym: "quadrate" EXACT [TAO:0000621]
xref: AAO:0000525 ! quadrate bone
xref: ZFA:0000621 ! quadrate
xref: VHOG:0000689 ! quadrate - incus (also: UBERON:0001688 'incus')
xref: EFO:0003547 ! quadrate
xref: TAO:0000621 ! quadrate
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004752 {source="ZFA"} ! palatoquadrate cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 {source="AAO"} ! suspensorium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001688 {source="Wikipedia:Incus"} ! incus
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that commonly articulates with the ectopterygoid anteriorly, the metapterygoid dorsally, and the symplectic postero-medially. The quadrate is formed from the posterior part of the palatoquadrate cartilage, or pars quadrata. The quadrate is a paired bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000621", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps quadrate-hyomandibula joint (TAO:0001801)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000621", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps quadrate-metapterygoid joint (TAO:0001803)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000621", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: external_comment "The quadrate commonly has a triangular shape, with its lower vertex, or condyle, for articulation with the lower jaw, and an elongate postero-ventral or postero-dorsal elongate process. The presence of an elongate postero-ventral or postero-dorsal process is a synapomorphy of teleosts (Arratia and Schultze, 1990; Arratia, 1999).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000621", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000689", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100009087 Gerrie J\, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001689 ! malleus
name: malleus
def: "The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Malleus]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:52753 ! Malleus
xref: GAID:867 ! malleu
xref: MA:0001216 ! malleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Malleus ! Malleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray916.png/200px-Gray916.png
xref: EMAPA:18584 ! malleus
xref: MESH:A09.246.397.247.524 ! malleu
xref: VHOG:0000690 ! anguloarticular - malleus (also: UBERON:0004744 'articular/anguloarticular')
is_a: UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010054 {source="cjm"} ! malleus cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {source="Kardong"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003107 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Meckel's cartilage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:264090005 ! Entire malleus
synonym: "Malleus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Malleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray916.png
property_value: homology_notes "According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000690", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100009087 Gerrie J\, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0024631

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004744
name: articular/anguloarticular
def: "." [Wikipedia:Articular]
comment: Editor notes: We create different classes for articular and malleus, in contrast to VHOG. Taxon notes (from VHOG): "According to this theory [Reichert-Gaupp theory], the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular [...]" Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357. Note that TAO has a distinct class for articular - in fact we need (at least) 3 classes here - articular, anguloarticular and malleus, arranged into a single VHOG group // TODO - resolve part_of relationships
synonym: "articular" EXACT [ZFA:0000467]
synonym: "angulaire" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "angulare" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "dermarticulare" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "goniale" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "operculo angulaire" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "anguloarticular" EXACT [ZFA:0000467]
xref: AAO:0000028 ! articular
xref: TAO:0000467 ! anguloarticular
xref: ZFA:0000467 ! anguloarticular
xref: EFO:0003530 ! anguloarticular
xref: VHOG:0000690 ! anguloarticular - malleus (also: UBERON:0001689 'malleus')
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="ZFA"} ! dermal bone
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="ZFA"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003113 {source="ZFA-modifed", source="cjm"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003278 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011002 {source="ZFA"} ! articular cartilage condensation
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001689 {source="VHOG"} ! malleus
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral ossification of the posterior articular part of Meckel's cartilage.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000028", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Dermal and endochondral compound bone that results from the fusion of the dermal angular and the endochondral articular and forms the posterior part of the lower jaw. It articulates with the dentary anteriorly and with the retroarticular postero-medially. The anguloarticular is paired.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000467", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from articular bone (TAO:0001805)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000467", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps dentary-anguloarticular joint (TAO:0001749)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000467", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "anguloarticular - malleus" EXACT [VHOG:0000690]
synonym: "angulo-articular" EXACT [TAO:0000467]
property_value: external_comment "The presence of an anguloarticular is interpreted as a synapomorphy of the Clupeocephala (Patterson and Rosen, 1977; Arratia, 1999).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000467", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000690", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100009087 Gerrie J\, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011171 ! jaw joint
name: jaw joint
def: "Skeletal joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw." [UBERON:cjm, http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05]
comment: Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long[http://evolution.berkeley.edu]
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="abduced"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011170
name: quadrate-articular joint
def: "A skeletal joint that connects quadrate and articular bones." [http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Usage notes: see comments for UBERON:0004744 articular/anguloarticular.  Taxon notes: over time, the synapsids' quadrate-articular jaw joint (which the rest of the tetrapods possess) was replaced by a dentary-squamosal joint (which all living mammals possess), while the quadrate and articular migrated, shrank, and became part of the complex of middle ear bones.[http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05]
synonym: "quadrate-anguloarticular joint" RELATED [ZFA:0005484]
is_a: UBERON:0011171 ! jaw joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004744 ! articular/anguloarticular
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006597 ! quadrate
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32525 {source="http://evolution.berkeley.edu"} ! Theria
xref: TAO:0001802 ! quadrate-anguloarticular joint
xref: ZFA:0005484 ! quadrate-anguloarticular joint
property_value: external_definition "Joint that articulates quadrate and anguloarticular bones. Quadrate-articular joint is paired.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001802", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010996 ! articular cartilage of joint
name: articular cartilage of joint
def: "A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints." [BTO:0001572]
synonym: "hyaline cartilage" RELATED  [BTO:0001572]
synonym: "cartilago articularis" EXACT  [FMA:12264]
synonym: "articular cartilage" EXACT [MA:0000487]
synonym: "joint-associated cartilage" RELATED [AEO:0000179]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
is_a: UBERON:0001994 {source="MA"} ! hyaline cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002217 {source="Wikipedia"} ! synovial joint
disjoint_from: UBERON:0011002 ! articular cartilage condensation
xref: BTO:0001572 ! articular cartilage
xref: FMA:12264 ! articular cartilage
xref: GAID:101 ! articular cartilage
xref: galen:ArticularCartilage
xref: MA:0000487 ! articular cartilage
xref: EFO:0001902 ! articular cartilage
xref: MESH:A02.165.165 ! articular cartilage
xref: SCTID:305026006 ! Entire articular cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Articular_Cartilage ! Articular Cartilage
xref: UMLS:C0007303
xref: AEO:0000179 ! joint-associated cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011002 ! articular cartilage condensation
name: articular cartilage condensation
synonym: "articular cartilages" BROAD PLURAL  [ZFA:0001644]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001644 ! articular cartilage
xref: TAO:0001670 ! articular cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001086
name: obsolete articular cartilage
is_obsolete: true
comment: obsoleted as it conflated two distinct classes
consider: UBERON:0011002 ! articular cartilage condensation
consider: UBERON:0010996 ! articular cartilage of joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001690
name: ear
def: "Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals." [GO:0042471, Wikipedia:Ear]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auditory apparatus" RELATED []
synonym: "auris" RELATED [BTO:0000368]
xref: BTO:0000368
xref: EFO:0000826 ! ear
xref: EHDAA:502 ! ear
xref: FMA:52780 ! Ear
xref: GAID:62 ! ear
xref: galen:Ear
xref: VHOG:0000330 ! ear
xref: MA:0000236 ! ear
xref: MAT:0000138 ! ear
xref: MIAA:0000138 ! ear
xref: ncithesaurus:Ear
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1062 ! Ear
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjL05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000189 ! auditory apparatus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViXS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! earring
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjL05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ear
xref: EHDAA2:0000423 ! ear
xref: EMAPA:16193 ! ear
xref: MESH:A01.456.313 ! ear
xref: EV:0100353 ! auditory apparatus
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002105 ! auditory system
relationship: capable_of GO:0050910 ! detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
xref: AAO:0011014 ! auditory apparatus
xref: SCTID:1910005 ! Entire ear
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Ear.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The organ of hearing and of equilibrium. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000330", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ear", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Both vertebrate and invertebrate auditory organs are thought to have evolved from primitive mechanosensors, but the nature of the ancestral structure and the evolutionary trajectories followed in distinct animal lineages remain unknown. In particular, we do not know how many types of mechanosensor existed in the protostome-deuterostome ancestor from which insects and vertebrates evolved or whether the PDA had an auditory organ.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000330", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20207 Boekhoff-Falk G\, Hearing in Drosophila: Development of Johnston's organ and emerging parallels to vertebrate ear development. Developmental Dynamics (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "auricular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0013443

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011635
name: splenial bone
def: "The splenial is a small bone in the lower jaw of reptiles, amphibians and birds, usually located on the lingual side (closest to the tongue) between the angular and suprangular." [Wikipedia:Splenial]
synonym: "splenial" EXACT [AAO:0000573]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="AAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="mandibular series"} ! dermatocranium
xref: AAO:0000573 ! splenial
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Dentary1.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011636
name: surangular bone
def: "The surangular is a dermal bone of the lower jaw. It typically covers much of the dorsal and lateral surface of the posterior jaw and variably extends onto the medial (inside) surface. The surangular articulates with and supports the articular, which forms the jaw joint with the quadrate in most vertebrates, and is in turn supported by the angular. More distally, the surangular bridges the mandibular fenestra, if one is present. It may also bear a raised dorsal coronoid process, an important attachment site for the mandibular adductors. At its distal (or rostral) end, the surangular meets the dentary, the main tooth-bearing bone of the lower jaw in most vertebrates." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/mandibular-surangular.html]
comment: Taxon notes: "Nevertheless, it is not completely clear that this[osteichthyans] surangular is homologous with the surangular in tetrapods"[paleos] In some lepospondyls, and in frogs and salamanders, the surangular is absent. However, it becomes increasingly significant in the anthracosaur lineage. In turtles, it is one of the two principle bones of the lower jaw. In lepidosaurs, it is less important because of the development of a separate coronoid bone. In advanced lizards and pythonomorphs, it may fuse with the articular and perhaps other bones and loses its separate identity. In syanapsids, a secondary jaw joint develops between the surangular and the squamosal, which becomes the unique mammalian jaw articulation. However, the surangular fuses with the dentary and becomes the unitary mammalian "mandible" without a separate identity
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="TAO", source="Palaeos"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="paleos.com"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="mandibular series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0004744 ! articular/anguloarticular
xref: TAO:0002287 ! surangular
synonym: "surangular" EXACT [TAO:0002287]
synonym: "suprangular" RELATED [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/164, Wikipedia:Suprangular]
synonym: "supraangular" RELATED [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/164]
synonym: "supra-angular" RELATED [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/164]
synonym: "suprangular bone" RELATED [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/164]
synonym: "supraangular bone" RELATED [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/164]
synonym: "supra-angular bone" RELATED [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/164]
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Surangular1.gif
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Dentary1.gif
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone of the suspensorium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002287", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011637
name: prearticular bone
def: "Osseous element of intramembranous origin that extends along the lingual margin of Meckel's cartilage." [AAO:0000458]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="AAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="mandibular series"} ! dermatocranium
xref: AAO:0000458 ! prearticular
synonym: "prearticular" EXACT [AAO:0000458]
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Dentary1.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011079
name: angular bone
def: "Dermal bone that is located posterior to the dentary and lateral to the articular and retroarticular bones of the lower jaw. The angular forms the outer dermal sheet of the posterior part of the lower jaw. The angular bears a portion of the mandibular sensory canal. The angular is a paired bone." [TAO:0001669, Wikipedia:Angular_bone]
comment: The angular fuses with the articular bone in clupeocephalans forming the anguloarticular.
synonym: "postoperculare" RELATED  [AAO:0000010]
synonym: "praearticulare" RELATED  [AAO:0000010]
synonym: "angular" BROAD [AAO:0000010]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="TAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="mandibular series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0003278 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
xref: TAO:0001669 ! angular bone
xref: AAO:0000010 ! angular
xref: ZFA:0001645 ! angular bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013113
name: angular/surangular bone
def: "Bone formed from the fusion of angular and surangular bones. Found in snakes" [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0011079 ! angular bone
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0011636 ! surangular bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002218 ! tympanic ring
name: tympanic ring
def: "a C-shaped membranous bone that provides physical support to the tympanic membrane. The tympanic ring develops sequentially from an initial primordium in the first branchial arch growing in a circumferential fashion around the first pharyngeal cleft into the second branchial arch (Mallo and Gridley, 1996). In most mammals, the tympanic ring exists only during embryonic life, when it coordinates proper development and positioning of the eardrum (see below), and then becomes integrated into the temporal bone[PMID]." [MP:0000030, PMID:11237469]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, the tympanic ring is an anatomical line. Howevever PMID:11237469 states: "the tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane". Taxon notes: check amphibians - in AAO "Funnel-like ring structure located lateral to the ventral ramus of the squamosal, beneath the skin; it provides support to the tympanic membrane". Gene notes: Gsc and Prx1 are essential for tympanic ring development
synonym: "tympanic anulus" RELATED []
synonym: "tympanic annulus" RELATED []
synonym: "tympanic membrane annulus" RELATED []
synonym: "ectotympanic ring" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ectotympanic_ring]
synonym: "os tympanicum" RELATED [EMAPA:19197]
xref: MA:0001225 ! tympanic ring
xref: AAO:0000615 ! tympanic_annulus
xref: EMAPA:19197 ! tympanic ring
xref: SCTID:95952001 ! Entire tympanic anulus
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="PMID:11237469"} ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="MA"} ! middle ear
property_value: external_definition "Funnel-like ring structure located lateral to the ventral ramus of the squamosal, beneath the skin; it provides support to the tympanic membrane.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000615", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of plectral apparatus (AAO:0000443)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000615", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010066
name: tympanic plate
def: "The tympanic part of the temporal bone is a curved plate of bone lying below the squama and in front of the mastoid process." [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
comment: Consider merging with tympanic ring. See discussion page on wikipedia page for ectotympanic. todo: distinguish ecto- and ento- tympanics
synonym: "pars tympanica" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
synonym: "tympanic part" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
synonym: "tympanic bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
synonym: "ectotympanic bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ectotympanic]
synonym: "ectotympanic" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ectotympanic]
synonym: "pars tympanica (os temporale)" EXACT  [FMA:52880]
synonym: "tympanic part of temporal bone" EXACT [FMA:52880]
synonym: "pars tympanica ossis temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="cjm"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002218 ! tympanic ring
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011079 {source="Kardong"} ! angular bone
xref: FMA:52880 ! tympanic part of temporal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray137.png
xref: SCTID:138773005 ! Entire tympanic part of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013190
name: entotympanic bone
def: "Entotympanics are independent elements present in the auditory bullae of various eutherians" [doi:10.1023/A:1020538313412]
comment: endochondral [doi:10.1023/A:1020538313412]
synonym: "entotyympanic" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="cjm"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear


[Term]
id: UBERON:0013173
name: anterior part of tympanic bone
xref: FMA:56478 ! anterior surface of tympanic plate
xref: SCTID:368942006 ! Entire anterior wall of tympanic cavity
synonym: "anterior surface of tympanic plate" EXACT [FMA:56478]
synonym: "anterior wall of tympanic cavity" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior wall of tympanum" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010066 ! tympanic plate
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Wall_of_the_Tympanum ! anterior wall of the tympanum
xref: UMLS:C1510916

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008959
name: auditory bulla
def: "a hollow bony structure on the ventral, posterior portion of the skull of placental mammals that encloses parts of the middle and inner ear. In most species, it is formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone." [Wikipedia:Auditory_bulla]
comment: In extant primates, the structure is found in tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises[WP]. When present in marsupials, it usually forms the alisphenoid; in placentals variously constructed of ectotympanic, entotympanic, petrosal, or a combination of these and others[Rose] Comment: may be formed from entotympanic and ectotympanic
synonym: "auditory bullae" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "bulla" BROAD []
synonym: "tympanic bulla" RELATED []
synonym: "bulla tympanica" RELATED LATIN [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "sigmoid process" NARROW []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001690 ! ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0004114 {source="Rose"} ! tympanic cavity
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32525 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Theria
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0011079 {source="Kardong"} ! angular bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Toothed_whale_sound_production.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013174
name: sigmoid process of tympanic bone
def: "a wavy crest externally on the tympanic bone of cetaceans." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryS.html]
synonym: "sigmoid process" EXACT  []
synonym: "sigmoid process of auditory bulla" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008959 ! auditory bulla
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 ! Cetacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013175
name: nasal air sac
synonym: "blowhole air sac" EXACT []
def: "An air sac opening into the passage of the blowhole that is hypothesized to be involved in echolocation" [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/cetartiodactyla/cetacea.html]
comment: May be positioned distally or frontally
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
relationship: has_function_in GO:0050959 ! echolocation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 ! Cetacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013176
name: phonic lip
comment: Function notes: When the lips snap together during click production, vibrations in the dorsal bursae are likely produced ISBM10:0120885522. Large and cornified in sperm whales. Editor notes: requires review w.r.t location in physeter vs other odontocetes
synonym: "phonic lips" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "monkey lips" RELATED [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/cetartiodactyla/cetacea.html]
synonym: "museau de singe@fr" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013188 {notes="check for sperm whales"} ! monkey lips dorsal bursa complex
relationship: located_in UBERON:0013177 ! dorsal bursa
relationship: has_function_in GO:0050959 ! echolocation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 {notes="absent in baleen whales"} ! Cetacea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Delphinschaedel.svg/500px-Delphinschaedel.svg.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013177
name: dorsal bursa
synonym: "dorsal bursae" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "fatty dorsal bursa" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013188 {notes="check for sperm whales"} ! monkey lips dorsal bursa complex
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 ! Cetacea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Delphinschaedel.svg/500px-Delphinschaedel.svg.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013178
name: anterior dorsal bursa
synonym: "anterior bursa" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0013177 ! dorsal bursa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013179
name: posterior dorsal bursa
synonym: "posterior bursa" BROAD []
comment: right posterior dorsal bursa may be homologous to spermaceti organ
is_a: UBERON:0013177 ! dorsal bursa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013180
name: bursal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
relationship: located_in UBERON:0013177 ! dorsal bursa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013188 ! monkey lips dorsal bursa complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013181
name: blowhole ligament
comment: Likely involved in regulating air movement in perhaps whistle production ISBM10:0120885522
is_a: UBERON:0008845 ! nonskeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013188 ! monkey lips dorsal bursa complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013182
name: core of melon organ
synonym: "melon core" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008960 ! melon organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013188 ! monkey lips dorsal bursa complex
name: monkey lips dorsal bursa complex
def: "A structure consisting of a pair of anterior and posterior dorsal bursae in which a pair of phonic lips are embedded, along with the bursal cartilage and a blowhole ligament" [ISBM10:0120885522]
comment: Taxon notes: all odontocetes except sperm whales posses two bilaterally placed MLDB complexes, placed just below the floor of the vestibular sac
synonym: "MLDB complex" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
relationship: has_function_in GO:0050959 {source="ISBM10:0120885522"} ! echolocation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 ! Cetacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013189
name: junk chamber
comment: May be homologous to melon organ
synonym: "junk bodies" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "junk body" RELATED []
synonym: "junk organ" RELATED []
synonym: "junk" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9753 ! Physeter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sperm_whale_head_anatomy.svg/1000px-Sperm_whale_head_anatomy.svg.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010053
name: echolocation organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: has_function_in GO:0050959 ! echolocation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008960
name: melon organ
def: "The melon is an ovoid-shaped, fatty organ found in the forehead of all toothed whales (odontocetes), including dolphins and porpoises (Cranford et al., 1996; Harper, C. J., et al., 2008) and believed to be used in echolocation" [Wikipedia:Melon_(whale)]
synonym: "melon" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: has_function_in GO:0050959 ! echolocation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 ! Cetacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013477
name: blowhole
def: "A hole at the top of a cetacean's head through which the animal breathes air" [Wikipedia:Blowhole_(anatomy)]
comment: Taxon notes: Baleen whales have two blowholes positioned in a V-shape while toothed whales have only one blowhole. The blowhole of a sperm whale, a toothed whale, is located left of centre in the frontal area of the snout, and is actually its left nostril, while the right nostril lacks an opening to the surface despite the fact that its nasal passage is otherwise well developed.
synonym: "blowhole slit" NARROW []
is_a: UBERON:0005928 ! external naris
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 ! Cetacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002105
name: vestibulo-auditory system
def: "A sensory system for the sense of hearing[WP]." [Wikipedia:Auditory_system]
comment: Auditory system is general anatomical term in FMA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: functional_classification
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "auditory organ system" EXACT []
synonym: "auditory system" RELATED []
synonym: "auditory/vestibular system" RELATED []
synonym: "vestibuloauditory system" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibuloauditory system" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000631 ! vestibuloauditory_system
xref: FMA:7192 ! Auditory system
xref: FMA:78500 ! Vestibulo-auditory system
xref: TAO:0001138 ! vestibuloauditory system
xref: MA:0002443 ! auditory system
xref: XAO:0003195 ! vestibuloauditory system
xref: ZFA:0001138 ! vestibuloauditory system
xref: ncithesaurus:Auditory_System ! Auditory System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViwtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! auditory system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090817 ! Auditory system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HumanEar.jpg/200px-HumanEar.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0001032 ! sense organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001032 ! sense organ system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007605 ! sensory perception of sound
relationship: capable_of GO:0007605 ! sensory perception of sound
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Anatomy_of_the_Human_Ear.svg
property_value: external_definition "The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000631", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: UMLS:C0587901

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004681 ! vestibular system
name: vestibular system
def: "The vestibular system, which contributes to our balance and our sense of spatial orientation, is the sensory system that provides the dominant input about movement and equilibrioception. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear, situated in the vestibulum in the inner ear. As our movements consist of rotations and translations, the vestibular system comprises two components: the semicircular canal system, which indicate rotational movements; and the otoliths, which indicate linear accelerations. The vestibular system sends signals primarily to the neural structures that control our eye movements, and to the muscles that keep us upright. The projections to the former provide the anatomical basis of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which is required for clear vision; and the projections to the muscles that control our posture are necessary to keep us upright." [Wikipedia:Vestibular_system]
comment: note that FMA and NIF have no part information for this class. This is a GAT in FMA
synonym: "vestibular system" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090819]
synonym: "vestibular organ system" EXACT [FMA:7193]
xref: FMA:7193 ! vestibular system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090819 ! Vestibular system
xref: BTO:0003381 ! vestibular system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001032 ! sense organ system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0050957 ! equilibrioception
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060005 ! vestibular reflex
xref: SCTID:361533001 ! Structure of vestibular system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006585
name: vestibular organ
synonym: "balance organ" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2519 ! Vestibular organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004681 ! vestibular system
def: "An organ that is part of a vestibular system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011005
name: endocardium of auricle
synonym: "auricle endocardium" EXACT  [FMA:13234]
comment: Note in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium that is part of the endocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006618 ! atrium auricular region
xref: FMA:13234 ! endocardium of auricle
def: "An endocardium that is part of a atrium auricular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011006
name: endocardium of left auricle
synonym: "left auricle endocardium" EXACT  [FMA:13236]
synonym: "left atrium auricular region endocardium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000277]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006630 ! left atrium auricular region
xref: FMA:13236 ! endocardium of left auricle
xref: EHDAA2:0000277 ! left atrium auricular region endocardium
xref: VHOG:0001231 ! left auricle endocardium
synonym: "left auricle endocardial tissue" RELATED [VHOG:0001231]
def: "An endocardium that is part of a left atrium auricular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011007
name: endocardium of right auricle
synonym: "right auricle endocardium" EXACT  [FMA:13235]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006631 ! right atrium auricular region
xref: FMA:13235 ! endocardium of right auricle
xref: EHDAA2:0000292 ! right atrium auricular region endocardium
def: "An endocardium that is part of a right atrium auricular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003378
name: cardiac muscle of auricular region
xref: FMA:84279 ! cardiac muscle tissue of auricle
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of auricle" EXACT [FMA:84279]
synonym: "auricular region heart muscle" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006618 ! atrium auricular region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
def: "A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a atrium auricular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009779
name: cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle
is_a: UBERON:0003378 {source="FMA"} ! cardiac muscle of auricular region
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006631 ! right atrium auricular region
xref: FMA:84280 ! cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle
xref: EMAPA:16826 ! cardiac muscle of right auricular region
xref: EMAPA:17324 ! cardiac muscle of auricular region of right atrium
xref: EHDAA2:0004168 ! left atrium auricular region heart muscle
synonym: "left atrium auricular region heart muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004168]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of right auricular region" EXACT [EMAPA:16826]
xref: VHOG:0000611 ! right auricular region myocardium
synonym: "right auricular region myocardium" EXACT [VHOG:0000611]
synonym: "right auricular region cardiac muscle" RELATED [VHOG:0000611]
def: "A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium auricular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009780
name: cardiac muscle tissue of left auricle
is_a: UBERON:0003378 {source="FMA"} ! cardiac muscle of auricular region
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006630 ! left atrium auricular region
xref: FMA:84281 ! cardiac muscle tissue of left auricle
xref: EMAPA:16818 ! cardiac muscle of left auricular region
xref: EMAPA:17318 ! cardiac muscle of auricular region of left atrium
xref: EHDAA2:0004169 ! right atrium auricular region heart muscle
synonym: "right atrium auricular region heart muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004169]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of left auricular region" EXACT [EMAPA:16818]
def: "A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium auricular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006618
name: atrium auricular region
def: "A small conical pouch projections located on the upper anterior portion of each atrium of the heart." [MP:0010489, Wikipedia:Auricular_appendage]
synonym: "auricular appendage" EXACT []
synonym: "auricle of heart" EXACT [FMA:77110]
synonym: "atrial auricle" EXACT [MP:0010489]
synonym: "heart atrium auriclular region" EXACT [MP:0010489]
xref: MA:0002955 ! atrium auricular region
xref: FMA:77110 ! Auricle of heart
xref: SCTID:305223006 ! Entire auricular appendage
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
synonym: "auricula atrii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77110]
synonym: "auricle of atrium" EXACT [FMA:77110]
synonym: "auricula (cor)" EXACT [FMA:77110]
synonym: "cardiac auricle" EXACT [FMA:77110]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006630
name: left atrium auricular region
def: "a muscular pouch connected to the left atrium of the heart" [Wikipedia:Left_atrial_appendage]
synonym: "auricula sinistra" EXACT [Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage]
synonym: "left auricula" EXACT [Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage]
synonym: "left auricular appendix" EXACT [Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage]
synonym: "left atrial appendage" RELATED [MA:0001869]
synonym: "left auricular region" BROAD [EMAPA:16816]
synonym: "left auricle" EXACT [FMA:7219]
xref: MA:0001869 ! left atrium auricular region
xref: EHDAA2:0000276 ! left atrium auricular region
xref: EHDAA:5343 ! auricular region
xref: EMAPA:16816 ! left auricular region
xref: FMA:7219 ! Left auricle
xref: VHOG:0001229 ! left auricle
xref: SCTID:277930000 ! Entire left auricular appendage
intersection_of: UBERON:0006618 ! atrium auricular region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002079 ! left atrium
synonym: "auricula sinistra" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Left_atrial_appendage]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray494.png
synonym: "left auricular appendage" RELATED [FMA:7219]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006631
name: right atrium auricular region
def: "a small conical muscular pouch attached to the right atrium of the heart." [Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage]
synonym: "auricula dextra" EXACT [Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage]
synonym: "right auricula" EXACT [Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage]
synonym: "right auriculur appendix" EXACT [Wikipedia:Right_atrial_appendage]
synonym: "right atrial appendage" RELATED [MA:0001870]
synonym: "right auricle" EXACT [FMA:7218]
synonym: "right auricular region" BROAD [EMAPA:16824]
xref: MA:0001870 ! right atrium auricular region
xref: EHDAA2:0000291 ! right atrium auricular region
xref: EHDAA:5352 ! auricular region
xref: EMAPA:16824 ! right auricular region
xref: FMA:7218 ! right auricle
xref: VHOG:0001232 ! right auricle
xref: SCTID:277713005 ! Entire right auricular appendage
intersection_of: UBERON:0006618 ! atrium auricular region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium
synonym: "right auricular appendage" RELATED [FMA:7218]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001691
name: external ear
def: "Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO]." [GO:0042473, Wikipedia:External_ear]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auricular region" BROAD []
synonym: "auricular region of head" EXACT []
synonym: "outer ear" EXACT []
synonym: "auris externa" RELATED [BTO:0002100]
xref: EHDAA:3786 ! external ear
xref: FMA:52781 ! External ear
xref: GAID:104 ! external ear
xref: VHOG:0000311 ! external ear
xref: MA:0000258 ! outer ear
xref: MAT:0000147 ! outer ear
xref: MIAA:0000147 ! outer ear
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Ear
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1705 ! Outer ear
xref: XAO:0000190 ! external ear
xref: BTO:0002100 ! external ear
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOHtXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! external ear
xref: EHDAA2:0000462 ! external ear
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Gray907.png/200px-Gray907.png
xref: EMAPA:16991 ! external ear
xref: MESH:A09.246.272 ! external ear
xref: EV:0100354 ! external ear
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001690 ! ear
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9709 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Phocidae
xref: AAO:0011037 ! external ear
xref: SCTID:181176000 ! Outer ear
property_value: external_definition "The external part of the organ, which consists of an outer portion (external auditory meatus) which leads to the tympanum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000311", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Some species, like Amolops tormotus (Feng et al. 2006), have a cavity in front of the tympanic membrane which is considered to be an ear canal and thus an outer ear. (...) The ancestral lineage of amphibians separated from the mammalian lineage, approximately 350 million years ago, in the paleozoic era. Many of the important developments in the auditory systems emerged after the ancestral paths separated (Manley and Clack 2003). This implies that shared features, like the tympanic middle ear, developed independently in different vertebrate lineages.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000311", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1007/s00359-008-0327-1 Schoffelen RLM\, Segenhout JM\, Van Dijk P\, Mechanics of the exceptional anuran ear. Journal of Comparative Physiology A (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: EFO:0004221 ! External ear
xref: UMLS:C0013453

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006616
name: right external ear
synonym: "right auricular region" BROAD [FMA:53643]
xref: FMA:53643 ! right external ear
intersection_of: UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:368567003 ! Entire right external ear
def: "An external ear that is in the right side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006617
name: left external ear
synonym: "left auricular region" BROAD [FMA:53644]
xref: FMA:53644 ! left external ear
intersection_of: UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:368589004 ! Entire left external ear
def: "An external ear that is in the left side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001698
name: foramen ovale of skull
def: "one of the larger of the several holes at the base of the skull that transmit nerves through the skull. The foramen ovale is situated in the anterior part of the sphenoid bone, posteriolateral to the foramen rotundum.." [Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(skull)]
synonym: "foramen ovale" NARROW [AAO:0000169, FMA:53155]
synonym: "foramen ovale (skull)" EXACT [FMA:53155]
synonym: "foramen ovale basis cranii" EXACT [galen:ForamenOvaleBasisCranii]
synonym: "foramen ovale of chondrocranium" EXACT [EMAPA:18711]
xref: EHDAA:10627 ! foramen ovale
xref: EMAPA:18711 ! foramen ovale of chondrocranium
xref: FMA:53155 ! Foramen ovale
xref: VHOG:0001189 ! foramen ovale
xref: AAO:0000169 ! fenestra_ovalis
xref: galen:ForamenOvaleBasisCranii
xref: EHDAA2:0000551 ! foramen ovale
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004754 ! foramen ovale of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
property_value: external_definition "An aperture in the great wing of the sphenoid for vessels and nerves. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001189", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/foramen+ovale", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004754 ! foramen ovale of heart
name: foramen ovale of heart
def: "In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale (also ostium secundum of Born or falx septi) allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. It is one of two fetal cardiac shunts, the other being the ductus arteriosus (which allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circulation). Another similar adaptation in the fetus is the ductus venosus. In most individuals, the foramen ovale (pronounced /fɒˈreɪmən oʊˈvɑːli/) closes at birth. It later forms the fossa ovalis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(heart)]
synonym: "ostium secundum of Born" EXACT [Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(heart)]
synonym: "falx septi" EXACT [Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(heart)]
synonym: "foramen ovale" NARROW [MA:0001873, galen:ForamenOvale]
synonym: "foramen ovale cordis" EXACT [galen:ForamenOvaleCordis]
synonym: "Bottalo's foramen" EXACT [FMA:86043]
xref: FMA:86043 ! foramen ovale of heart
xref: MA:0001873 ! foramen ovale
xref: galen:ForamenOvaleCordis
xref: EMAPA:18244 ! foramen ovale of interatrial septum
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002085 ! interatrial septum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: ncithesaurus:Oval_Foramen ! Oval Foramen
xref: EHDAA2:0004142 ! foramen ovale of heart
xref: SCTID:362015004 ! Entire foramen ovale of heart
xref: UMLS:C0016521

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001699
name: sensory root of facial nerve
def: "The nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve. Upon reaching the facial canal, it joins with the motor root of the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intermediate_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "intermediate nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "Wrisberg's nerve" EXACT []
xref: FMA:53410 ! Sensory root of facial nerve
xref: TAO:0000679 ! sensory root of facial nerve
xref: ZFA:0000679 ! sensory root of facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/200px-Gray788.png
is_a: UBERON:0004674 ! facial nerve root
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Wikipedia"} ! neural crest
synonym: "nervus intermedius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:53410]
xref: SCTID:279927001 ! Entire nervus intermedius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010287
name: motor root of facial nerve
synonym: "facial nerve motor root" EXACT  [FMA:53419]
synonym: "seventh cranial nerve motor root" EXACT  [FMA:53419]
is_a: UBERON:0004674 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve root
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005239 {source="Wikipedia"} ! basal plate metencephalon
xref: FMA:53419 ! motor root of facial nerve
xref: SCTID:280191009 ! Motor root of facial nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001700
name: geniculate ganglion
def: "The geniculate ganglion is an L-shaped collection of fibers and sensory neurons of the facial nerve located in the facial canal of the head. It receives fibers from the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components of the facial nerve and sends fibers that will innervate the lacrimal glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands, tongue, palate, pharynx, external auditory meatus, stapedius, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, and muscles of facial expression. Sensory and parasympathetic inputs are carried into the geniculate ganglion via the nervus intermedius. Motor fibers are carried via the facial nerve proper. The greater petrosal nerve, which carries sensory fibers as well as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, emerges from the anterior aspect of the ganglion. The geniculate ganglion is one of several ganglia of the head and neck. Like the others, it is a bilaterally distributed structure, with each side of the face having a geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion]
comment: Editor notes: resolve facial VII vs geniculate (see EHDAA2)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "geniculate ganglion" RELATED  [MA:0001076]
synonym: "facial ganglion" RELATED [ZFA:0001291]
synonym: "facial VII ganglion" EXACT [MA:0001076]
synonym: "ganglion genicularum" EXACT  [FMA:53414]
synonym: "genicular ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:53414]
synonym: "ganglion geniculi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion]
synonym: "genicular ganglion" EXACT [Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion]
synonym: "geniculate" BROAD [Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion]
synonym: "internal genu" RELATED [Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion]
synonym: "gVII" EXACT  [ZFA:0001291]
synonym: "ganglion geniculi nervi facialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Geniculate_ganglion]
xref: EHDAA:5567 ! facial VII ganglion
xref: EHDAA:6644 ! facial VII ganglion
xref: FMA:53414 ! Geniculate ganglion
xref: GAID:718 ! geniculate ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000707 ! facial VII ganglion
xref: MA:0001076 ! facial VII ganglion
xref: TAO:0001291 ! facial ganglion
xref: ZFA:0001291 ! facial ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Geniculate_Ganglion ! Geniculate Ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0000491 ! facial VII ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0004623 ! geniculate ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray789.png/200px-Gray789.png
xref: EMAPA:16983 ! facial ganglion VII
xref: EMAPA:17569 ! facial VII of cranial of ganglion of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.340.390.380 ! geniculate ganglion
xref: EFO:0003669 ! facial ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001800 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! sensory ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="MA"} ! cranial ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005565 {source="ZFA", notes="check for multi-species"} ! facio-acoustic neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009124 {source="ZFA", source="EHDAA2:0004623"} ! geniculate placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2:0004623"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0012175 {source="EHDAA2:0000491"} ! acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex
xref: SCTID:279076005 ! Entire geniculate ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray789.png
property_value: homology_notes "These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000707", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0017406

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005565
name: facio-acoustic neural crest
def: "Cranial neural crest that gives rise to the facio-acoustic ganglion." [ZFA:0000762]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "facio acoustic neural crest" EXACT [ZFA:0000762]
xref: ZFA:0000762 ! facio-acoustic neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000492 ! facio-acoustic neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16312 ! facio-acoustic neural crest
xref: VHOG:0000268 ! facio-acoustic neural crest
xref: EHDAA:658 ! facio-acoustic neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0003099 ! cranial neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0007530 {source="EHDAA2"} ! migrating mesenchyme population
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003849 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesencephalic neural crest
xref: TAO:0000762 ! facio-acoustic neural crest
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000268", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006232 ! facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex
name: facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16660 ! facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000496 ! facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex
xref: EHDAA:1477 ! facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex
xref: VHOG:0000715 ! facio-acoustic VII-VIII ganglion complex
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001714 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cranial ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005565 ! facio-acoustic neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012175
name: acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="cjm"} ! cranial ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003051 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ear vesicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006232 {source="cjm"} ! facio-acoustic VII-VIII preganglion complex
xref: EHDAA2:0000494 ! acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex
xref: EMAPA:16794 ! facio-acoustic ganglion complex VII-VIII
xref: VHOG:0000715 ! facio-acoustic VII-VIII ganglion complex
synonym: "facio-acoustic VII-VIII ganglion complex" RELATED [VHOG:0000715]
synonym: "facio-acoustic ganglion complex VII-VIII" EXACT [EMAPA:16794]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013498
name: vestibulo-cochlear VIII ganglion complex
comment: Editor's note: requires verification
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="cjm"} ! cranial ganglion
xref: EMAPA:17570 ! vestibulo-cochlear VIII ganglion complex
xref: EHDAA2:0004313 ! vestibular VIII ganglion complex
synonym: "vestibular VIII ganglion complex" RELATED [EHDAA2:0004313]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion complex" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibulocochlear ganglion complex" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013499
name: glossopharyngeal-vagus IX-X preganglion complex
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001714 {source="cjm"} ! cranial ganglion
xref: EMAPA:16662 ! glossopharyngeal-vagus IX-X preganglion complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013500
name: glossopharyngeal-vagus IX-X ganglion complex
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="cjm"} ! cranial ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013499 ! glossopharyngeal-vagus IX-X preganglion complex
xref: EMAPA:16796 ! glossopharyngeal-vagus IX-X ganglion complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002827
name: auditory ganglion
comment: Editor notes: Consider follow MA naming scheme. // The cell bodies of the cochlear nerve lie within the central aspect of the cochlea and are collectively known as the spiral ganglion. This name reflects the fact that the cell bodies, considered as a unit, have a spiral (or perhaps more accurately, a helical) shape, reflecting the shape of the cochlea. The terms "cochlear nerve fiber" and "spiral ganglion cell" are used, to some degree, interchangeably, although the former may be used to more specifically refer to the central axons of the cochlear nerve. These central axons exit the cochlea at its base, where it forms a nerve trunk. In humans, this aspect of the nerve is roughly one inch in length. It projects centrally to the brainstem, where its fibers synapse with the cell bodies of the cochlear nucleus[Wikipedia:Cochlear_nerve]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "auditory ganglion" EXACT [ZFA:0000588]
synonym: "gVIII" EXACT [ZFA:0000588]
synonym: "SAG" BROAD [ZFA:0000588]
synonym: "statoacoustic ganglia" EXACT [ZFA:0000588]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion" EXACT [MA:0001084]
synonym: "statoacoustic (VIII) ganglion" EXACT [ZFA:0000588]
synonym: "acoustico-vestibular VIII ganglion" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002196]
synonym: "acoustic ganglion VIII" EXACT [EMAPA:16982]
synonym: "ganglion VIII" EXACT []
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2564 ! Auditory ganglion
xref: ZFA:0000588 ! statoacoustic (VIII) ganglion
xref: MA:0001084 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000696 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0002196 ! acoustico-vestibular VIII ganglion
xref: EHDAA:5569 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion
xref: EHDAA:6653 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion
xref: EMAPA:17571 ! vestibulocochlear VIII of cranial of ganglion of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EFO:0003543 ! statoacoustic (VIII) ganglion
xref: EMAPA:16982 ! acoustic ganglion VIII
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003249 {source="NBK53175"} ! epithelium of otic placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005565 {source="ZFA"} ! facio-acoustic neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0012175 {source="EHDAA2"} ! acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002105 {source="ZFA"} ! vestibulo-auditory system
xref: XAO:0004142 ! vestibulocochlear ganglion
xref: TAO:0000588 ! statoacoustic (VIII) ganglion
property_value: external_definition "The sensory ganglion of the ear. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for statoacoustic ganglion by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000588", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "acoustic ganglion" RELATED [VHOG:0000696]
synonym: "statoacoustic VIII ganglion" RELATED [VHOG:0000696]
property_value: homology_notes " (During the development of the inner ear in a vertebrate embryo) As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000696", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:21452441 Park BY\, Saint-Jeannet JP\, Induction and Segregation of the Vertebrate Cranial Placodes. Developmental Biology (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000395
name: cochlear ganglion
def: "group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain. The cell bodies of the spiral ganglion neurons are found in the spiral structure of the cochlea[WP]. the group of nerve cell bodies that conveys auditory sensation from the organ of Corti to the hindbrain and resides on the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve)[MP]." [Wikipedia:Spiral_ganglion, MP:0002855]
comment: Editor notes: in BTO this is part of the cochlear modiolus, but this leads to the CG being in both the nervous and skeletal systems
synonym: "Corti's ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53445]
synonym: "ganglion of Corti" EXACT [FMA:53445]
synonym: "spiral ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53445]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion cochlear component" EXACT [MA:0001085]
synonym: "ganglion cochlearis" RELATED [BTO:0001688]
synonym: "ganglion spirale cochleae" RELATED [BTO:0001688]
synonym: "spiral ganglion of cochlea" RELATED [BTO:0001688]
xref: BTO:0001688
xref: FMA:53445 ! Cochlear ganglion
xref: MA:0001085 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion cochlear component
xref: GAID:722 ! spiral ganglion
xref: VHOG:0001183 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion cochlear component
xref: EHDAA2:0002198 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion cochlear component
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray903.png/200px-Gray903.png
xref: MESH:A08.340.390.800 ! spiral ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="FMA"} ! cranial ganglion
relationship: located_in UBERON:0006723 {source="BTO-modified"} ! cochlear modiolus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002827 {source="MA"} ! auditory ganglion
xref: SCTID:368955007 ! Entire spiral ganglion
synonym: "ganglion spirale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spiral_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray903.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002824
name: vestibular ganglion
def: "The vestibular nerve ganglion (also called Scarpa's ganglion) is the ganglion of the vestibular nerve. It contains the cell bodies of the bipolar primary afferent neurons whose peripheral processes form synaptic contact with hair cells of the vestibular sensory end organs[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scarpa%27s_ganglion]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Scarpa's ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53435]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion vestibular component" EXACT [MA:0001086]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear component" EXACT []
xref: FMA:53435 ! Vestibular ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2549 ! Vestibular ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Ganglion ! Vestibular Ganglion
xref: MA:0001086 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion vestibular component
xref: VHOG:0000682 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion vestibular component
xref: EMAPA:17573 ! vestibular component of vestibulocochlear VIII of cranial of ganglion of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002199 ! vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion vestibular component
is_a: UBERON:0001800 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! sensory ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="FMA"} ! cranial ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002827 {source="MA"} ! auditory ganglion
xref: SCTID:244450009 ! Entire vestibular ganglion
xref: UMLS:C0036286

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001701
name: glossopharyngeal ganglion
def: "the group of neuron cell bodies associated with the ninth cranial nerve." [MP:0001096]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ganglion of glosspharyngeal nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "gIX" RELATED []
synonym: "petrosal ganglion" NARROW [ZFA:0001301]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal IX ganglion" EXACT [MA:0001077]
xref: FMA:53471 ! Glossopharyngeal ganglion
xref: TAO:0001301 ! glossopharyngeal ganglion
xref: ZFA:0001301 ! glossopharyngeal ganglion
xref: MA:0001077 ! glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0000710 ! glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000702 ! glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
xref: EMAPA:16795 ! glossopharyngeal IX of cranial of ganglion of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EHDAA:2838 ! glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="FMA"} ! ganglion of cranial nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="MA"} ! cranial ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0009127 {source="ZFA"} ! epibranchial ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009125 {source="ZFA", source="EHDAA2"} ! petrosal placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005491 {source="ZFA", source="EHDAA2"} ! glossopharyngeal neural crest
xref: SCTID:244451008 ! Glossopharyngeal ganglion
property_value: homology_notes "These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000702", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005360
name: inferior glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
def: "the lower group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve[MP]. It is situated in a depression in the lower border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone[WP]." [MP:0001084, Wikipedia:Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve]
comment: We follow FMA and VHOG in making the relation subclass
synonym: "inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53475]
synonym: "ganglion inferius (nervus glossopharygeus)" EXACT [FMA:53475]
synonym: "ganglion of andersch" EXACT [FMA:53475]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve inferior ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53475]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve petrous ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53475]
synonym: "inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve" EXACT [FMA:53475]
synonym: "ninth cranial nerve inferior ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53475]
synonym: "extracraniale ganglion" EXACT  [MP:0001084]
synonym: "inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve" EXACT  [MP:0001084]
synonym: "petrosal ganglion" RELATED [MP:0001084, http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/petrosal%20ganglion]
synonym: "petrosal ganglion" RELATED [MP:0001084]
synonym: "petrous ganglion" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve, http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/petrous%20ganglion, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray791.png]
synonym: "ganglion inferius nervus glossopharyngei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:53475]
xref: MA:0001078 ! inferior glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
xref: FMA:53475 ! Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0000711 ! glossopharyngeal IX ganglion inferior ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000743 ! glossopharyngeal IX inferior ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001701 {source="FMA"} ! glossopharyngeal ganglion
xref: SCTID:66031007 ! Glossopharyngeal nerve inferior ganglion
synonym: "ganglion inferius nervi glossopharyngei, ganglion petrosum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png
synonym: "glossopharyngeal IX inferior ganglion" RELATED [VHOG:0000743]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005361
name: superior glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
def: "the upper ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve[MP]. is situated in the upper part of the groove in which the glossopharyngeal nerve is lodged during its passage through the jugular foramen. It is very small, and is usually regarded as a detached portion of the inferior ganglion" [MP:0001097, Wikipedia:Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve]
comment: Synonym modified from WP original
synonym: "superior petrosal ganglion" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve]
synonym: "intracranial ganglion" EXACT  [MP:0001097]
synonym: "jugular ganglion" RELATED  [MP:0001097]
synonym: "superior glossopharyngeal ganglia" EXACT  [MP:0001097]
synonym: "superior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve" EXACT  [MP:0001097]
synonym: "superior glossopharyngeal ganglia" EXACT  [MP:0001097]
synonym: "Ehrenritter's ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:53474]
synonym: "ganglion superius (nervus glossopharyngeus)" EXACT  [FMA:53474]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve jugular ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:53474]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve superior ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:53474]
synonym: "ninth cranial nerve superior ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:53474]
synonym: "superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:53474]
synonym: "ganglion superius nervus glossopharyngei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:53474]
xref: MA:0001079 ! superior glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
xref: FMA:53474 ! Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0000712 ! glossopharyngeal IX ganglion superior ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000744 ! glossopharyngeal IX superior ganglion
xref: EHDAA:2842 ! superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001701 {source="FMA"} ! glossopharyngeal ganglion
xref: SCTID:280362000 ! Intracranial ganglion
synonym: "ganglion superius nervi glossopharyngei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png
synonym: "superior glossopharyngeal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53474]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal IX superior ganglion" RELATED [VHOG:0000744]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001702 ! eyelash
name: eyelash
def: "An eyelash or simply lash is one of the hairs that grow at the edge of the eyelid. Eyelashes protect the eye from debris and perform some of the same function as whiskers do on a cat or a mouse in the sense that they are sensitive to being touched, thus providing a warning that an object is near the eye (which is then closed reflexively). The greek word for eyelash is \"blepharis\". This word is often used as a root in biological terms" [Wikipedia:Eyelash]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cilia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Eyelash]
synonym: "hair of eyelid" RELATED []
xref: FMA:53669 ! Eyelash
xref: GAID:73 ! eyelash
xref: MA:0002702 ! eyelash
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi41pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Eyelash ! Eyelash
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi41pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! eyelash
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/N2_Human_eye.jpg/200px-N2_Human_eye.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.420.504.421 ! eyelash
is_a: UBERON:0001037 ! strand of hair
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
xref: SCTID:244201001 ! Entire eyelash
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/N2_Human_eye.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0015422

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
name: skeletal element
def: "Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: TODO - add more general class for other kinds of mineralized tissue
subset: uberon_slim
xref: TAO:0001890 ! skeletal element
xref: galen:SkeletalStructure
xref: ZFA:0005494 ! skeletal element
xref: VSAO:0000128 ! skeletal element
xref: AAO:0011129 ! skeletal element
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal system
xref: XAO:0004012 ! skeletal element
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001890", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:VSAO_workshop"}
property_value: external_definition "Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000128", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000032
name: obsolete cranial structure
comment: obsoleted as it was a grouping class that served no purpose
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010323 ! cranial skeletal system
name: cranial skeletal system
synonym: "cranial skeleton" NARROW []
def: "Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus." [VSAO:0000049]
comment: Note that the cranial skeleton includes the pharyngeal arch skeleton. It is thus more inclusive that the cranium itself, and extends beyond the head in tetrapods. The AAO class called 'skull' belongs here, as it includes the whole splanchnocranium. Editor notes: we use 'cranial skeletal system', so that we can include the skull, which has joints/sutures as parts (recall, we follow FMA in distinguishing between the skeleton and skeletal system - only the latter includes joints)
synonym: "osteocranium" NARROW []
synonym: "cranium" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ZFA:0000737]
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011137 ! axial skeletal system
xref: VSAO:0000049 ! cranial skeleton
xref: TAO:0000737 ! cranium
xref: ZFA:0000737 ! cranium
xref: AAO:0000109 ! cranium
xref: XAO:0003075 ! cranium
xref: AAO:0010185 ! skull
xref: AAO:0000971 ! cranial
property_value: external_definition "Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000109", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000737", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011159 ! primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system
name: primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system
subset: non_informative
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010323 ! cranial skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003129
name: skull
def: "Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]." [Wikipedia:Skull, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2962656&group_id=76834&atid=1205376, PMID:11523816]
comment: In FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. // A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates[WP]. Editor/AO notes: in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cranial skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal system of head" RELATED []
xref: FMA:46565 ! Skull
xref: BTO:0001295 ! cranium
xref: ncithesaurus:Skull ! Skull
xref: GAID:82 ! skull
xref: galen:Skull ! skull
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! skull
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781 ! skull
xref: EHDAA2:0000325 ! cranium
xref: EMAPA:17680 ! cranium
xref: SCTID:110530005 ! Cranial and facial bones
xref: WikipediaCategory:Skull
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010323 ! cranial skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:89593 ! Craniata
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
xref: UMLS:C0037303

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003128
name: cranium
def: "Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism)." [Wikipedia:Cranium_(anatomy)]
comment: The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton[WP]. AO notes: the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "upper part of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "skull minus mandible" EXACT []
synonym: "epicranial plate" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal system of head" RELATED []
synonym: "bones of cranium" EXACT [FMA:71325]
synonym: "calvarium" RELATED [BTO:0001328]
xref: EFO:0000831 ! cranium
xref: EHDAA:6029 ! cranium
xref: VHOG:0000334 ! cranium
xref: MA:0000316 ! cranium
xref: MAT:0000340 ! cranium
xref: MIAA:0000340 ! cranium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVlEyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: FMA:71325 ! Set of bones of cranium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVlEyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cranium
xref: BTO:0001328 ! calvarium
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA-inferred"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw
synonym: "ossa cranii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71325]
xref: SCTID:181889008 ! Entire cranium
synonym: "set of bones of cranium" EXACT [FMA:71325]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cranial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011158
name: primary subdivision of skull
def: "The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton" []
synonym: "skull subdivision" EXACT  [FMA:54964]
synonym: "subdivision of skull" EXACT [FMA:54964]
subset: non_informative
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull
xref: FMA:54964 ! subdivision of skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004766
name: cranial bone
def: "A bone that is part of a cranium." [UBERON:automatic]
comment: Note that here cranium = skull - mandible
synonym: "cranium bone" EXACT [UBERON:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
xref: SCTID:181792001 ! Entire cranial bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
alt_id: UBERON:0010322
name: subdivision of skeletal system
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "skeletal system part" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal system subdivision" EXACT [FMA:85544]
subset: non_informative
xref: FMA:85544 ! Subdivision of skeletal system
xref: galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure
is_a: UBERON:0011216 {source="cjm"} ! organ system subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
xref: ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System_Part ! Skeletal System Part
xref: SCTID:118966000 ! Skeletal system subdivision
xref: UMLS:C1519343

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
name: subdivision of skeleton
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: AO notes: VSAO def logically wrong
subset: non_informative
is_a: UBERON:0011216 {source="cjm"} ! organ system subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004288 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000075 {source="UBERONREF:0000003"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
synonym: "skeletal subdivision" EXACT [VSAO:0000042]
synonym: "subdivision of skeleton (in vivo)" RELATED [FMA:23879]
xref: FMA:23879 ! subdivision of skeleton (in vivo)
xref: VSAO:0000042 ! skeletal subdivision
xref: SCTID:129140006 ! Bony skeleton subdivision
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000042", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="VSAO:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010324
name: obsolete craniofacial region
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0001456 ! face
xref: VSAO:0000083 ! craniofacial region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010325 ! craniofacial skeleton
name: obsolete craniofacial skeleton
def: "Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells." [VSAO:0000082]
synonym: "Cranio-facial skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000082 ! craniofacial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004339
name: vault of skull
def: "Upper part of skull, consisting of parietals, frontals, post-parietals, and in some species the squamosal and a portion of the alisphenoid" [PMID:11523816, MP:0000076, Wikipedia:Calvaria_(skull)]
comment: Editor notes: We follow PMID:11523816 (Morriss-Kay) in defining the components of the skull vault. Note that there is a conflict with Kardong; e.g. in fig 7.10, Kardong places the squamosal in the temporal series. We cannot place the vault as entirely part of the dermatocranium as it has a small splanchnocranium contribution and a sclerotomal contribution. Terminology notes. we include calvarium as a synonym, but Gray's Anatomy's list includes the Ethmoid and Sphenoid bone in the Calvaria. Some books (and HPO) state that calvaria consists of just the frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone. Note vault may not be precisely equivalent to calvaria
synonym: "calvarium" RELATED  []
synonym: "calvaria" RELATED PLURAL  [ZFA:0005606]
synonym: "skullcap" RELATED  [ZFA:0005606]
synonym: "calva" EXACT [FMA:52800]
synonym: "skull vault" EXACT []
xref: FMA:52800 ! calvaria
xref: EMAPA:18016 ! vault of skull
xref: EHDAA2:0002167 ! vault of skull
xref: EHDAA:9538 ! vault of skull
xref: VHOG:0000331 ! vault of skull
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703  ! neurocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003113 {notes="small pharyngeal arch and sclerotomal contribution"} ! dermatocranium
xref: SCTID:140592008 ! Entire calvaria
xref: ZFA:0005606 ! cranial vault
xref: ncithesaurus:Skullcap ! skullcap
property_value: homology_notes "The earliest tetrapods arose from rhipidistian ancestors and retained many of their skull features, including most of the bones of the dermatocranium.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000331", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.256", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0205950

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002517 ! basicranium
name: basicranium
def: "The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof." [Wikipedia:Base_of_skull]
comment: The skull base is formed from a series of cartilages either side of, and rostral to, the notochord, whose tip lies just caudal to the pituitary gland. It is closely associated with the sensory capsules, which partially or completely sur- round the olfactory epithelium, the eye, and the inner ear[PMID:11523816]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "skull base" EXACT []
synonym: "base of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial base" RELATED [MA:0002840]
xref: FMA:52801 ! Basicranium
xref: MA:0002840 ! basicranium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/200px-Gray193.png
xref: MESH:A01.456.830 ! skull base
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
synonym: "basis cranii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52801]
xref: ncithesaurus:Base_of_the_Skull ! Base of the Skull
xref: SCTID:181890004 ! Entire base of skull
synonym: "basis cranii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Base_of_skull]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "basicranial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0149543

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001703
name: neurocranium
def: "Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof." [Wikipedia:Neuroranium, ZFA:0001580, TAO:MAH, PMID:11523816]
comment: Development notes: The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. Composition notes: It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton[WP] AO notes: It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ...
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "brain box" EXACT []
synonym: "brain case" RELATED [ZFA:0001580]
synonym: "braincase" RELATED [ZFA:0001580]
synonym: "brain pan" RELATED [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/braincase]
xref: MA:0000317 ! chondrocranium
xref: FMA:53672 ! Neurocranium
xref: TAO:0001580 ! neurocranium
xref: ZFA:0001580 ! neurocranium
xref: XAO:0003170 ! neurocranium
xref: EHDAA2:0000243 ! chondrocranium (also: UBERON:0002241 'chondrocranium')
xref: AAO:0010153 ! neurocranium (also: UBERON:0004761 'cartilaginous neurocranium')
is_a: UBERON:0011158 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skull
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004761 ! cartilaginous neurocranium
relationship: encloses UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: SCTID:361731002 ! Entire neurocranium
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001580", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:MAH"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "neurocranial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002241
name: chondrocranium
def: "Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chondrocranium, Wikipedia:Chondrocranium]
comment: Editor/AO notes: we follow the standard evolutionary classification and treat this as endoskeletal. This means what MA calls 'chondrocranium' must in fact be neurocranium, as it includes parts of the dermatocranium (e.g. frontal, parietal). Taxon notes: covers the brain dorsally in chondrichthyans
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neurocranium" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MA:0000317]
synonym: "calvarium" RELATED [MA:0000317]
xref: VHOG:0000288 ! chondrocranium
xref: TAO:0001424 ! chondrocranium
xref: ZFA:0001424 ! chondrocranium
xref: EHDAA2:0000243 ! chondrocranium (also: UBERON:0001703 'neurocranium')
xref: EMAPA:17681 ! chondrocranium
is_a: UBERON:0011159 ! primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
xref: AAO:0010169 ! chondrocranium
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010169", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001424", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "chondrocranial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003932
name: cartilage element of chondrocranium
def: "A cartilage element of chondrocranium. Example: neurocranial trabecula." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "cartilaginous element of chondrocranium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "cartilage of chondrocranium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "neurocranium cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001461]
synonym: "chondrocranium cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001461]
xref: ZFA:0001461 ! chondrocranium cartilage
xref: EFO:0003690 ! chondrocranium cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
xref: TAO:0001461 ! chondrocranium cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004761 ! cartilaginous neurocranium
name: cartilaginous neurocranium
def: "the primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]." [Wikipedia:Chondrocranium]
comment: note that in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain)
synonym: "embryonic chondocranium" RELATED []
synonym: "chondocranium" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chondrocranium]
synonym: "neurocranium" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "cartilaginous skull" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilaginous chondocranium" EXACT []
synonym: "cartiligionous skeletal structure of skull" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000094 ! chondrocranium * cartilage
xref: AAO:0010153 ! neurocranium (also: UBERON:0001703 'neurocranium')
xref: SCTID:155540009 ! fetal chondrocranium
xref: EHDAA:6031 ! chondrocranium
xref: FMA:76621 ! Chondrocranium
xref: XAO:0003059 ! chondrocranium
xref: ncithesaurus:Chondrocranium ! Chondrocranium * embryonic
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009617 {source="PMC1571569"} ! head paraxial mesoderm
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
xref: UMLS:C1516496

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
name: facial skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones." [MP:0005274, UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton, http://www.bartleby.com/107/37.html]
synonym: "facial skeleton" EXACT  [FMA:53673]
synonym: "viscerocranium" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MA:0000318]
synonym: "facial bone" RELATED [MA:0000318]
synonym: "ossa faciei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton]
synonym: "ossa facialia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton]
is_a: UBERON:0011158 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skull
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 {source="FMA"} ! face
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="PMID:11523816"} ! neural crest
xref: FMA:53673 ! viscerocranium
xref: MA:0000318 ! viscerocranium
xref: EMAPA:18022 ! viscerocranium
xref: EHDAA:8361 ! viscerocranium
xref: EHDAA2:0002206 ! viscerocranium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001704
name: obsolete viscerocranium
def: "." [Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton]
comment: This class was made obsolete as it conflated the facial skeleton with the splanchnocranium. The facial skeleton includes: * Inferior nasal concha * Lacrimal bone * Mandible * Maxilla * Nasal bone * Palatine bone * Vomer * Zygomatic bone. The hyoid is sometimes included, and sometimes excluded (FMA includes it) (See also notes for ethmoid bone). The splanchoncranium is the endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches. 
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
consider: UBERON:0008895 ! pharyngeal arch skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008895 ! splanchnocranium
name: splanchnocranium
def: "Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches" [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: AO notes: VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton. Editor/AO notes: many sources define this as the part of the endoskeletal that is from pharyngeal arches - this would make it part-disjoint from dermatocranium. However, there are many bones in AOs that have part-paths to both
synonym: "viscerocranium" EXACT INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Viscerocranium, VHOG:0000315, ZFA:0001216]
synonym: "pharyngeal arch" RELATED INCONSISTENT [VSAO:0000149]
synonym: "branchial arch skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "gill arch skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch skeleton" RELATED [ZFA:0001216]
synonym: "pharyngeal skeleton" RELATED [ZFA:0001216]
synonym: "visceral skeleton" RELATED [UBERONREF:0000007]
is_a: UBERON:0011159 ! primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003099 {source="Grays", source="PMID:11237469", notes="redundant"} ! cranial neural crest
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
disjoint_from: UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000149 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: AAO:0010157 ! splanchnocranium
xref: TAO:0001216 ! splanchnocranium
xref: VHOG:0000315 ! viscerocranium
xref: ZFA:0001216 ! splanchnocranium
xref: XAO:0003176 ! splanchnocranium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010157", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001216", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000315", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000315", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.242\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.235", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011004
name: pharyngeal arch cartilage
synonym: "pharyngeal arch cartilages" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001460]
synonym: "splanchnocranium cartilage" EXACT  [ZFA:0001460]
is_a: UBERON:0003933 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="ZFA"} ! splanchnocranium
intersection_of: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008895 ! splanchnocranium
xref: ZFA:0001460 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
xref: TAO:0001460 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
xref: EFO:0003689 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
def: "A cartilage element that is part of a splanchnocranium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009119 ! branchial basket
name: branchial basket
def: "the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region of Petromyzontiformes and Holocephali" [http://www.briancoad.com/dictionary/DicPics/branchial%20basket.htm]
comment: May also be present in amphioxus. Editor notes: developmental relationship needs to be changed if the scope is broadened, as NC is vertebrate-specific
synonym: "gill basket" EXACT [http://www.briancoad.com/dictionary/DicPics/branchial%20basket.htm]
xref: http://dev.duit.uwa.edu.au/zoology/media/lamp/E19.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="PMID:19924811"} ! neural crest
subset: cyclostome_subset

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011164 ! neurocranium bone
name: neurocranium bone
def: "A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474  ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001703  ! neurocranium
xref: MA:0001478 ! chondrocranium bone
xref: SCTID:120229002 ! Entire bone of neurocranium
synonym: "chondrocranium bone" EXACT [MA:0001478]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003465
name: obsolete chondrocranium bone
def: "A bone that is part of a chondrocranium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:accepted]
alt_id: UBERON:0004762
comment: Made obsolete because it conflated neuro and chondro-cranium; also ZFA:0001544 equivalent was made obsolete.
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0011164 ! neurocranium bone
xref: ZFA:0001544

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003113
name: dermatocranium
def: "Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]." [Wikipedia:Skull_roof, ZFA:0000863]
comment: Editor notes: wikipedia treats skull roof and dermatocranium as synonymous, but some sources treat the roof as being part of the dermatocranium - see UBERONREF:0000007
synonym: "dermal part of skull" RELATED []
synonym: "dermal bone cranium" RELATED [ZFA:0000863]
synonym: "skull roof" RELATED [Wikipedia:Skull_roof]
synonym: "roof of skull" RELATED [Wikipedia:Skull_roof]
synonym: "roofing bones of the skull" RELATED [Wikipedia:Skull_roof]
synonym: "exocranium" EXACT [UBERONREF:0000007]
xref: XAO:0003169 ! dermatocranium
xref: ZFA:0000863 ! dermatocranium
is_a: UBERON:0011159 ! primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010323 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial skeletal system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7777 {source="Kardong"} ! Chondrichthyes
xref: AAO:0010154 ! dermatocranium
xref: TAO:0000863 ! dermatocranium
xref: VHOG:0001665 ! dermatocranium
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium which consists of dermally derived bones.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010154", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of dermally derived bones.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000863", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "dendrocranium" EXACT [TAO:0000863]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001714
name: cranial ganglion
alt_id: UBERON:0003213
def: "Ganglion of a cranial nerve[cjm]." [Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve_ganglion]
comment: Editor note: split out MA ter,. Note the MA term is part of the CNS. This needs to be checked w.r.t relationship between ganglia and the PNS, as the PNS and CNS are spatially disjoint. also meaning of MA term is not clear (appears to be union of nerve and ganglion, but MA 'cranial nerve' is unconnected)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cranial ganglion/nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial nerve ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial neural ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial neural tree organ ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion of cranial neural tree organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial ganglia" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "head ganglion" RELATED []
synonym: "presumptive cranial ganglia" RELATED [ZFA:0000013]
synonym: "ganglion of cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:54502]
xref: FMA:54502 ! ganglion of cranial nerve
xref: MA:0000213 ! cranial ganglion/nerve
xref: BTO:0000106
xref: EFO:0000902 ! cranial ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000076 ! cranial ganglion
xref: MA:0000214 ! cranial ganglion
xref: MAT:0000200 ! cranial ganglion
xref: MIAA:0000200 ! cranial ganglion
xref: TAO:0000013 ! cranial ganglia
xref: XAO:0000027 ! cranial ganglion
xref: ZFA:0000013 ! cranial ganglion
xref: EMAPA:16659 ! cranial of ganglion of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
is_a: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
xref: SCTID:244448001 ! Entire cranial nerve ganglion
property_value: external_definition "Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000013", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009992
name: cranial sensory ganglion
def: "the ganglion found on the root of each cranial nerve, containing the cell bodies of afferent (sensory) neurons. " [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cranial+sensory+ganglion]
comment: Editor note: check this - merge into cranial ganglion? WP: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia, appended respectively to cranial nerves VII, IX and X. Other ontology notes: has no subtypes in FMA
synonym: "cranial nerve sensory ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:5887]
synonym: "ganglion sensorium cranialium" EXACT  [FMA:5887]
synonym: "sensory ganglion of cranial nerve" EXACT  [FMA:5887]
is_a: UBERON:0001800 {source="FMA"} ! sensory ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="cjm"} ! cranial ganglion
xref: FMA:5887 ! cranial sensory ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001715
name: oculomotor nuclear complex
def: "The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From this nucleus the fibers pass forward through the tegmentum, the red nucleus, and the medial part of the substantia nigra, forming a series of curves with a lateral convexity, and emerge from the oculomotor sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral peduncle. The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve does not consist of a continuous column of cells, but is broken up into a number of smaller nuclei, which are arranged in two groups, anterior and posterior. Those of the posterior group are six in number, five of which are symmetrical on the two sides of the middle line, while the sixth is centrally placed and is common to the nerves of both sides. The anterior group consists of two nuclei, an antero-medial and an antero-lateral . The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, considered from a physiological standpoint, can be subdivided into several smaller groups of cells, each group controlling a particular muscle. A nearby nucleus, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, is responsible for the autonomic functions of the oculomotor nerve, including pupillary constriction and lens accommodation. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_of_oculomotor_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "motor nucleus III" RELATED []
synonym: "nIII" RELATED []
synonym: "nucleus of oculomotor nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus of third cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "oculomotor nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "third cranial nerve nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "oculomotor III nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001073]
xref: FMA:54510 ! Oculomotor nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1240 ! Oculomotor nuclear complex
xref: TAO:0000553 ! oculomotor nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000553 ! oculomotor nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Oculomotor_Nucleus ! Oculomotor Nucleus
xref: EFO:0002468 ! oculomotor nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001389 ! oculomotor nucleus
xref: MA:0001073 ! oculomotor III nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png
xref: EV:0100250 ! oculomotor nucleus
xref: ABA:III ! Oculomotor nucleus
xref: BM:MB-III ! oculomotor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus
synonym: "nucleus nervi oculomotorii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54510]
xref: SCTID:362457000 ! Entire oculomotor nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004211 ! midbrain oculomotor nucleus
xref: UMLS:C0228686

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012315
name: incisive foramen
def: "the point where the primary palate and both palatine shelves fuse." [Wikipedia:Incisive_foramen, https://missinglink.ucsf.edu/restricted/lm/CongenitalAnomalies/CleftLipPalate.html]
synonym: "foramina incisiva" RELATED [Wikipedia:Incisive_foramen]
synonym: "incisive foramina" RELATED [Wikipedia:Incisive_foramen]
synonym: "incisive fossa" RELATED [Wikipedia:Incisive_foramen]
synonym: "Stenson's foramen" EXACT  [FMA:75305]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0005619 ! secondary palatal shelf
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0005620 ! primary palate
xref: FMA:75305 ! incisive foramen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007375
name: roof of mouth
def: "A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: check subclasses to verify if they refer to a multi-tissue structure or a subdivision of the skeleton
synonym: "roof of oral cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "roof of buccal cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "palate" RELATED []
synonym: "palatum" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "primary or secondary palate" RELATED []
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001716
name: secondary palate
def: "The part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences." [Wikipedia:Secondary_palate, http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html]
comment: Function notes: separates respiratory and oral passages. Taxon notes: present in mammals and some reptiles. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but, in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separate. The secondary palate is formed by bilateral medial extensions of maxillary processes. The extensions (palatine processes) meet at the midline, merging dorsally with nasal septum and rostrally with primary palate. The secondary palate (hard palate) separates nasal and oral cavities. Caudal extension of the secondary palate into the pharynx, forms a soft palate which divides the rostral pharynx into dorsal (nasopharynx) and ventral (oropharynx) chamber.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "palate" BROAD SENSU [MA:0002476, EMAPA:18948, GO:0060021]
synonym: "palatum" BROAD []
synonym: "oral roof" EXACT []
synonym: "roof of mouth" RELATED []
synonym: "definitive palate" EXACT [EMAPA:18948]
xref: FMA:54549 ! Palate
xref: GAID:152 ! palate
xref: MA:0002476 ! palate
xref: EMAPA:18948 ! palate
xref: ncithesaurus:Palate
xref: BTO:0001779 ! palate
xref: galen:Palate ! palate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg/200px-Illu01_head_neck.jpg
xref: MESH:A14.521.658 ! palate
xref: SCTID:181227004 ! Entire palate
xref: ncithesaurus:Secondary_Palate ! secondary palate
is_a: UBERON:0007375 ! roof of mouth
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000167 ! oral cavity
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 {source="FMA"} ! mouth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 {source="EMAPA"} ! upper jaw region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005619 {notes="fusion", source="http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html"} ! secondary palatal shelf
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda
synonym: "palatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palate]
synonym: "palatum secundarium; palatum definitivum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Secondary_palate]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Pig_snout_sagittal_cut.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0700374
xref: UMLS:C1519217

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012316
name: primitive palate
def: "Roof of the buccal cavity, formed from the fusion of vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine, ectopterygoid." [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
synonym: "palate" RELATED [ZFA:0005509]
is_a: UBERON:0007375 ! roof of mouth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012072 {source="Kardong", notes="palatal series"} ! palatal part of dermatocranium
xref: ZFA:0005509 ! palate
xref: TAO:0002093 ! palate
xref: AAO:0010535 ! palate
property_value: external_definition "Roof of the mouth lined with ciliated epithelium.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010535", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is the upper roof of the mouth that is underlain by bones such as the parasphenoid, vomer, metapterygoid, orbitosphenoid.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002093", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: homology_notes "Early tetrapod possessed a primary palate that included the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. Therapsid evolved a partial secondary palate formed by the medial extension of the premaxilla and maxilla. Mammals have a secondary palate that, in addition to extensions of the premaxilla and maxilla, includes part of the palatine bone[VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000362", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-11-28"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005620
name: primary palate
def: "The part of the palate formed from the intermaxillary segment." [Wikipedia:Primary_palate, http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "palatum primarium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Primitive_palate]
synonym: "processus palatinus medianus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Primitive_palate]
synonym: "primary palate" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primitive_palate]
synonym: "primary palate process" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001499]
synonym: "primitive palate" RELATED [VHOG:0000362]
xref: VHOG:0000362 ! primary palate
xref: MA:0001583 ! primary palate
xref: EHDAA2:0001499 ! primary palate process
xref: EHDAA2:0001496 ! primary palate
xref: EMAPA:17642 ! primary palate of premaxilla of maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:17934 ! primary palate of premaxilla of upper jaw
is_a: UBERON:0007375 ! roof of mouth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 {source="VHOG", notes="consider reversing"} ! premaxilla
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007238 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! 1st arch maxillary component
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009714 {source="Wikipedia", source="http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html"} ! intermaxillary process
xref: ncithesaurus:Primary_Palate ! Primary Palate
xref: SCTID:359541001 ! Primary palate
property_value: external_definition "The shelf separating the oral and nasal cavities that is formed during early embryonic development from protrusions of tissue between the olfactory pits. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000362", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/primary+palate", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Early tetrapod possessed a primary palate that included the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones. Therapsid evolved a partial secondary palate formed by the medial extension of the premaxilla and maxilla. Mammals have a secondary palate that, in addition to extensions of the premaxilla and maxilla, includes part of the palatine bone[VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000362", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-11-28"}
xref: UMLS:C1268540

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005619
name: secondary palatal shelf
def: "the outgrowths of the embryonic maxillary prominences that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal+shelves, http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html]
comment: Consider splitting into embryonic/fully formed
synonym: "lateral palatine process" EXACT [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal+shelf]
synonym: "secondary palatal shelf" EXACT []
synonym: "palatal shelves" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "palatal shelf" EXACT [MA:0001581]
xref: MA:0001581 ! palatal shelf
xref: EHDAA2:0001364 ! palatal shelf
xref: EMAPA:17362 ! palatal shelf of maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:17930 ! palatal shelf of upper jaw
xref: VHOG:0000378 ! palatal shelf
xref: EHDAA:9283 ! secondary palatal shelf
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of upper jaw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005868 {source="cjm"} ! maxillary prominence
synonym: "palatine shelf" RELATED [VHOG:0000378]
property_value: external_definition "The outgrowths of the embryonic maxillae that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000378", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003216
name: hard palate
def: "anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes[GO]. The hard palate is formed from bony processes of the maxilla, premaxilla and palatine[Kardong]." [GO:0060022, Wikipedia:Hard_palate]
comment: In FMA this is divided into bony parts and submucosa
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hard palate" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55023 ! Hard palate
xref: GAID:221 ! hard palate
xref: MA:0002477 ! hard palate
xref: MAT:0000161 ! hard palate
xref: MIAA:0000161 ! hard palate
xref: EMAPA:18952 ! hard palate
xref: ncithesaurus:Hard_Palate ! Hard Palate
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.660 ! hard palate
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 {source="EMAPA", notes="check this"} ! secondary palate
xref: SCTID:245778002 ! Entire hard palate
synonym: "palatum durum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Hard_palate]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Illu_mouth.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0226901

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001733
name: soft palate
def: "soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth. The soft palate is distinguished from the hard palate at the front of the mouth in that it does not contain bone[WP]. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate[GO]." [GO:0060023, Wikipedia:Soft_palate]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "muscular palate" RELATED [Wikipedia:Soft_palate]
synonym: "velum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Soft_palate]
xref: FMA:55021 ! Soft palate
xref: GAID:1284 ! soft palate
xref: MA:0002412 ! soft palate
xref: MAT:0000039 ! soft palate
xref: MIAA:0000039 ! soft palate
xref: EMAPA:18949 ! soft palate
xref: ncithesaurus:Soft_Palate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg/200px-Tonsils_diagram.jpg
xref: MESH:A14.549.617.780 ! soft palate
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 {source="MA"} ! secondary palate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 {source="FMA"} ! mouth
xref: SCTID:245784004 ! Entire soft palate
synonym: "palatum molle, velum palatinum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Soft_palate]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg
property_value: external_definition "A muscular arch-shaped structure [is this an 'anatomical cluster�?] that is composed of the musculus uvuli and parts of tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus and attaches to the hard palate and modulates the connections between the oral cavity and pharynx soft tissue arch .[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0030219

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010126
name: future nucleus ambiguus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001719 ! nucleus ambiguus
xref: EHDAA2:0004647 ! future nucleus ambiguus
def: "A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a nucleus ambiguus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001719
name: nucleus ambiguus
def: "The nucleus ambiguus (literally 'ambiguous nucleus') is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract This nucleus gives rise to the efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve terminating in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as to the efferent motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) terminating in the stylopharyngeus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_ambiguus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ambiguus nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:54588 ! Nucleus ambiguus
xref: MA:0001050 ! nucleus ambiguus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2650 ! Nucleus ambiguus
xref: ncithesaurus:Nucleus_Ambiguus ! Nucleus Ambiguus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray695.png/200px-Gray695.png
xref: EV:0100292 ! nucleus ambiguus
xref: ABA:AMB ! Nucleus ambiguus
xref: BM:Me-AMB ! nucleus ambiguus
is_a: UBERON:0011775 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vagus nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="MA"} ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002154 {source="ABA"} ! lateral reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002559 {source="ABA"} ! medullary reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus
xref: SCTID:280184006 ! Entire nucleus ambiguus
xref: EHDAA2:0004305 ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010126 {evidence="definitional"} ! future nucleus ambiguus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray695.png
xref: UMLS:C0152400

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001720
name: cochlear nucleus
def: "The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cochlear_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cochlear nucleus of acoustic nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "cochlear nucleus of eighth cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus of cochlear nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "statoacoustic (VIII) nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibulocochlear nucleus" RELATED []
synonym: "cochlear VIII nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001012]
xref: FMA:54603 ! Cochlear nucleus
xref: GAID:601 ! cochlear nucleu
xref: ZFA:0001638 ! statoacoustic (VIII) nucleus
xref: MA:0001012 ! cochlear VIII nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Nucleus ! Cochlear Nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray691.png/200px-Gray691.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.135 ! cochlear nucleu
is_a: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
xref: SCTID:362463009 ! Entire cochlear nucleus
xref: TAO:0002243 ! statoacoustic (VIII) nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007228
name: vestibular nucleus
def: "The vestibular nuclei are the cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei]
comment: See comments for 'vestibular nuclear complex
synonym: "vestibular nucleus of acoustic nerve" EXACT [FMA:54602]
synonym: "vestibular nucleus of eighth cranial nerve" EXACT [FMA:54602]
synonym: "vestibular VIII nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001032]
xref: FMA:54602 ! vestibular nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Nucleus ! Vestibular Nucleus
xref: EV:0100254 ! vestibular nuclei (also: UBERON:0002673 'vestibular nuclear complex')
xref: MA:0001032 ! vestibular VIII nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002673 ! vestibular nuclear complex
xref: SCTID:362462004 ! Entire vestibular nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray691.png
xref: UMLS:C0042600

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002673
name: vestibular nuclear complex
def: "The vestibular nuclei are the cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612305510069, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3413105&group_id=36855]
comment: Editor notes: In TA they are grouped in both the pons and medulla; WP+MA says the SVN is in the pons, and GO includes VNC development under pons development, but this is not supported by ABA. Todo - check with NIF
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vestibular nuclei" EXACT [FMA:72239]
synonym: "vestibular nucleus" RELATED [GO:0021750]
synonym: "vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata" EXACT [FMA:72239]
xref: FMA:72239 ! Vestibular nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1337 ! Vestibular nuclear complex
xref: GAID:602 ! vestibular nuclei
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray691.png/200px-Gray691.png
xref: BTO:0004368 ! vestibular nucleus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.800 ! vestibular nuclei
xref: EV:0100254 ! vestibular nuclei (also: UBERON:0007228 'vestibular nucleus')
xref: ABA:VNC ! Vestibular nuclei
xref: BM:Me-VS ! vestibular nuclei
is_a: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="ABA", source="FMA", source="NIF"} ! medulla oblongata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004681 {source="Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei"} ! vestibular system
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002154 {source="ABA"} ! lateral reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002559 {source="ABA"} ! medullary reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus
synonym: "nuclei vestibulares in medulla oblongata" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72239]
synonym: "nuclei vestibulares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001721
name: inferior vestibular nucleus
def: "The inferior vestibular nucleus is the vestibular nucleus which lies near the fourth ventricle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_vestibular_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "descending vestibular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54608]
synonym: "spinal vestibular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54608]
xref: FMA:54608 ! Inferior vestibular nucleus
xref: MA:0001054 ! spinal vestibular nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Vestibular_Nucleus ! Spinal Vestibular Nucleus
xref: EV:0100258 ! inferior vestibular nuclei
xref: BTO:0004369 ! inferior vestibular nucleus
xref: ABA:SPIV ! Spinal vestibular nucleus
xref: BM:Me-VS-VSI ! inferior vestibular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007228 ! vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007230 {source="ABA"} ! lateral vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001722 {source="ABA"} ! medial vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007227 {source="ABA"} ! superior vestibular nucleus
xref: SCTID:280175006 ! Inferior vestibular nucleus
synonym: "nucleus vestibularis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_vestibular_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray700.png
xref: UMLS:C0175498

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001722
name: medial vestibular nucleus
def: "The medial vestibular nucleus is one of the vestibular nuclei. It is located in the medulla oblongata. Lateral vestibulo-spinal tract (lateral vestibular nucleus “Deiters”)- via ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord to ventral funiculus (lumbo-sacral segments). Ipsilaterally for posture Medial vestibulo-spinal tract (medial, lateral, inferior, vestibular nuclei), bilateral projection via descending medial longitudinal fasciculus to cervical segments. DESCENDING MLF. Bilaterally for head/neck/eye movements [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_vestibular_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medial nucleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_vestibular_nucleus]
synonym: "chief vestibular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54611]
synonym: "dorsal vestibular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54611]
synonym: "nucleus of schwalbe" EXACT [FMA:54611]
synonym: "principal vestibular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54611]
synonym: "schwalbe's nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54611]
synonym: "triangular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54611]
xref: FMA:54611 ! Medial vestibular nucleus
xref: MA:0001048 ! medial vestibular nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Medial_Vestibular_Nucleus ! Medial Vestibular Nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray700.png/200px-Gray700.png
xref: BTO:0004371 ! medial vestibular nucleus
xref: ABA:MV ! Medial vestibular nucleus
xref: BM:Me-VS-VSM ! medial vestibular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007228 ! vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007230 {source="ABA"} ! lateral vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001721 {source="ABA"} ! inferior vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007227 {source="ABA"} ! superior vestibular nucleus
synonym: "nucleus triangularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54611]
xref: SCTID:280174005 ! Entire medial vestibular nucleus
synonym: "nucleus vestibularis medialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_vestibular_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Lower_pons_horizontal_KB.svg
xref: UMLS:C0036385

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007227
name: superior vestibular nucleus
def: "The superior vestibular nucleus is the dorso-lateral part of the vestibular nucleus and receives collaterals and terminals from the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve. Its axons terminate in much the same manner as do those from the lateral nucleus." [Wikipedia:Superior_vestibular_nucleus]
synonym: "Bechterew's nucleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_vestibular_nucleus]
synonym: "nucleus of Bechterew" EXACT [FMA:54617]
xref: FMA:54617 ! superior vestibular nucleus
xref: BTO:0004372 ! superior vestibular nucleus
xref: EV:0100257 ! superior vestibular nuclei
xref: ABA:SUV ! Superior vestibular nucleus
xref: BM:Me-VS-VSS ! superior vestibular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007228 ! vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007230 {source="ABA"} ! lateral vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001722 {source="ABA"} ! medial vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001721 {source="ABA"} ! inferior vestibular nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Vestibular_Nucleus ! Superior Vestibular Nucleus
synonym: "nucleus vestibularis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_vestibular_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray761.png
xref: UMLS:C0228757

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007230
name: lateral vestibular nucleus
def: "The lateral vestibular nucleus (Deitersbs nucleus) is the continuation upward and lateralward of the principal nucleus, and in it terminate many of the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve." [Wikipedia:Lateral_vestibular_nucleus]
synonym: "Deiter's nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54614]
synonym: "Deiters' nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54614]
synonym: "lateral nucleus of Deiters" EXACT [FMA:54614]
synonym: "nucleus of Deiters" EXACT [FMA:54614]
xref: FMA:54614 ! lateral vestibular nucleus
xref: BTO:0004370 ! lateral vestibular nucleus
xref: GAID:603 ! lateral vestibular nucleu
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.800.800 ! lateral vestibular nucleu
xref: ABA:LAV ! Lateral vestibular nucleus
xref: BM:Me-VS-VSL ! lateral vestibular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007228 ! vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001722 {source="ABA"} ! medial vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001721 {source="ABA"} ! inferior vestibular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007227 {source="ABA"} ! superior vestibular nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Vestibular_Nucleus ! Lateral Vestibular Nucleus
xref: SCTID:280176007 ! Entire lateral vestibular nucleus
synonym: "nucleus vestibularis lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_vestibular_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray761.png
xref: UMLS:C0011193

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011268
name: sublingua
def: "a secondary tongue located below the primary tongue in prosimian primates and some primitive mammals. This structure does not have taste buds or salivary glands" [Wikipedia:Sublingua]
synonym: "under-tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sublingua]
synonym: "second tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sublingua]
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Homo sapiens
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9347 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Eutheria
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006689 ! frenulum of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000378 ! tongue muscle
name: tongue muscle
def: "the muscular portion of the tongue." [MP:0004136, Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue]
synonym: "muscle of tongue" EXACT [FMA:46689]
xref: BTO:0001386 ! tongue muscle
xref: FMA:46689 ! Muscle of tongue
xref: ncithesaurus:Tongue_Muscle ! Tongue Muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005594 {source="ISBN10:1607950324"} ! head somite
xref: SCTID:244781004 ! Muscle of tongue
synonym: "musculi linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Gray1019.png
xref: UMLS:C0448325

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001723
name: tongue
def: "The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech[GO]." [GO:0043586, Wikipedia:Tongue]
comment: editor notes - in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence. Taxon notes: Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods. Development notes: The tongue has contributions from all pharyngeal arches which changes with time. The tongue initially begins as swelling rostral to foramen cecum, the median tongue bud.. tongue muscles derive from the somites - http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Tongue_Development#Pharyngeal_Arch_Contributions
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: BTO:0001385
xref: EFO:0000833 ! tongue
xref: EHDAA:9144 ! tongue
xref: FMA:54640 ! Tongue
xref: GAID:816 ! tongue
xref: VHOG:0000419 ! tongue
xref: MA:0000347 ! tongue
xref: MAT:0000040 ! tongue
xref: MIAA:0000040 ! tongue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA_53KXLq9EdqAAAACs6hnmQ
xref: XAO:0000446 ! tongue
xref: ZFA:0005333 ! tongue
xref: ncithesaurus:Tongue ! Tongue
xref: EHDAA2:0002062 ! tongue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg/200px-Tongue.agr.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17185 ! tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18870 ! tongue of pharynx of gut
xref: MESH:A14.549.885 ! tongue
xref: EV:0100058 ! tongue
is_a: UBERON:0000020 {source="GO"} ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 {source="BTO", source="FMA"} ! mouth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001033 {source="MA"} ! gustatory system
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000166 ! oral opening
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0006260 {notes="anterior 2/3"} ! lingual swellings
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0006757 {source="Wikipedia"} ! lateral lingual swelling
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0006756 {source="Wikipedia"} ! tuberculum impar
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008814 ! pharyngeal system
xref: AAO:0010360 ! tongue
xref: SCTID:181226008 ! Entire tongue
subset: organ_slim
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010056 {evidence="definitional"} ! future tongue
xref: TAO:0005333 ! tongue
synonym: "glossus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tongue]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
property_value: external_definition "A mobile mass of muscular tissue that is covered with mucous membrane, occupies much of the cavity of the mouth, forms part of its floor, bears the organ of taste, and assists in chewing and swallowing. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000419", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tongue", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000419", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00073.x Iwasaki S\, Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat (2002)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "lingual" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "glossal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0040408

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011876
name: body of tongue
def: "the oral part of the tongue anterior to the terminal sulcus."  [http://www.drugs.com/dict/body-of-tongue.html]
synonym: "corpus linguae" EXACT LATIN [http://www.drugs.com/dict/body-of-tongue.html]
synonym: "tongue body" EXACT  [FMA:54641]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 {source="FMA"} ! tongue
xref: FMA:54641 ! body of tongue
xref: SCTID:362090005 ! Entire body of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011877
name: margin of tongue
def: "the lateral border that separates the dorsum from the inferior surface of the tongue on each side, the two borders meeting anteriorly at the apex.."  [http://www.drugs.com/dict/margin-of-tongue.html]
synonym: "margo linguae" EXACT LATIN [http://www.drugs.com/dict/margin-of-tongue.html]
synonym: "tongue margin" EXACT  [FMA:54650]
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
xref: FMA:54650 ! margin of tongue
xref: SCTID:368572007 ! Entire right margin of tongue
xref: SCTID:368594004 ! Entire left margin of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010032
name: anterior part of tongue
def: "The portion of the tongue in front of the terminal sulcus. At the apex, thin and narrow, it is directed forward against the lingual surfaces of the lower incisor teeth. It is derived primarily from the first pharyngeal arch." [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
comment: AO notes: check NCIT. Development notes: The lateral lingual swellings grow and fuse with eachother, encompassing the tuberculum impar to provide the ectodermally derived mucosa of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
xref: FMA:229084 ! anterior part of tongue
xref: ncithesaurus:Apex_of_the_Tongue ! Apex of the Tongue
synonym: "anterior 2/3 of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
synonym: "anterior 2/3 of tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
synonym: "anterior two thirds of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
synonym: "apex linguae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
synonym: "apex of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
synonym: "buccal part of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
synonym: "front of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
synonym: "oral part of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006260 {source="ISBN10:1607950324"} ! lingual swellings
synonym: "pars anterior dorsi linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_tongue]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Illu04_tongue.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0226946

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010033
name: posterior part of tongue
def: "The Posterior tongue, or pharyngeal part, is the part of the tongue behind the terminal sulcus. At its root, it is directed backward, and connected with the hyoid bone by the Hyoglossi and Genioglossi muscles and the hyoglossal membrane; with the epiglottis by three folds (glossoepiglottic) of mucous membrane; with the soft palate by the glossopalatine arches; and with the pharynx by the Constrictores pharyngis superiores and the mucous membrane. It is derived primarily from the third pharyngeal arch. (The second arch has a substantial contribution during fetal development, but this later atrophies. The fourth arch may also contribute, depending upon how the boundaries of the tongue are defined.)" [Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue]
synonym: "base of tongue" EXACT [Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue]
synonym: "base of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue]
synonym: "pharyngeal part of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue]
synonym: "posterior 1/3 of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue]
synonym: "posterior third of tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue]
synonym: "radix linguae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue]
synonym: "pars posterior (dorsum linguae)" EXACT  [FMA:54645]
synonym: "pars posterior linguae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "pars postsulcalis (dorsum linguae)" EXACT  [FMA:54645]
synonym: "pharyngeal part of tongue" EXACT  [FMA:54645]
synonym: "pharyngeal portion of dorsum of tongue" EXACT  [FMA:54645]
synonym: "posterior part of dorsum of tongue" EXACT  [FMA:54645]
synonym: "postsulcal part of dorsum of tongue" EXACT [FMA:54645]
synonym: "pars posterior dorsi linguae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_tongue]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009471 {source="FMA"} ! dorsum of tongue
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003114 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 3
xref: FMA:54645 ! postsulcal part of dorsum of tongue
xref: ncithesaurus:Base_of_the_Tongue ! Base of the Tongue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Illu04_tongue.jpg
xref: SCTID:362094001 ! Entire pharyngeal portion of dorsum of tongue
xref: UMLS:C0226958

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001724
name: sphenoidal sinus
def: "One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the sphenoid bone and communicating with the highest meatus of the nasal cavity on the same side[MESH]. The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. The following are their average measurements: vertical height, 2.2 cm. ; transverse breadth, 2 cm. ; antero-posterior depth, 2.2 cm. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sphenoidal_sinus, MESH:A04.531.621.827]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sphenoid sinus" EXACT []
synonym: "sinus sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenoidal_sinus]
xref: FMA:54683 ! Sphenoidal sinus
xref: GAID:359 ! sphenoid sinus
xref: MA:0001795 ! sphenoid sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphenoid_Sinus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwEIoz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sphenoid sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Gray856.png/200px-Gray856.png
xref: MESH:A04.531.621.827 ! sphenoid sinus
is_a: UBERON:0001825 {source="MA"} ! paranasal sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009639 ! body of sphenoid
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull
xref: SCTID:181207000 ! Entire sphenoid sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Gray856.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0009639 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! body of sphenoid
xref: UMLS:C0037885

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001725
name: cranial synchondrosis
def: "the cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, sphenooccipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, petrooccipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87514]
xref: FMA:54816 ! Cranial synchondrosis
xref: MA:0001502 ! cranial synchondrosis
is_a: UBERON:0002215 {source="FMA"} ! synchondrosis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002215 ! synchondrosis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull
xref: SCTID:314228003 ! Cranial synchondrosis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001727
name: taste bud
def: "Taste buds are small structures on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus and epiglottis that provide information about the taste of food being eaten. These structures are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami (or savory). Via small openings in the tongue epithelium, called taste pores, parts of the food dissolved in saliva come into contact with the taste receptors. These are located on top of the taste receptor cells that constitute the taste buds. The taste receptor cells send information detected by clusters of various receptors and ion channels to the gustatory areas of the brain via the seventh, ninth and tenth cranial nerves. The human tongue has about 10,000 taste buds. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Taste_bud]
comment: Editor notes: todo - account for non-tongue taste buds. Development notes: arise by inductive interactions between epithelial cells and invading gustatory cells from chorda tympani (facial), glossophrayngeal and vagues nerves ISBN10:1607950324 (todo - request cell terms from CL) Taste buds form in greatest concentration on the dorsal surface of the tongue
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "taste buds" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Taste_bud]
synonym: "taste-bud" RELATED [Wikipedia:Taste_bud]
synonym: "tastebud" EXACT [Wikipedia:Taste_bud]
synonym: "tastebuds" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Taste_bud]
synonym: "caliculus gustatorius" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Taste_bud]
xref: BTO:0000989
xref: FMA:54825 ! Taste bud
xref: GAID:815 ! taste bud
xref: VHOG:0000130 ! taste bud
xref: MA:0001591 ! taste bud
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4101 ! Taste bud
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjan5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001074 ! taste bud
xref: XAO:0000445 ! taste bud
xref: ZFA:0001074 ! taste bud
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjan5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! taste bud
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gray1018.png/200px-Gray1018.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700.120.800 ! taste bud
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="ZFA"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001033 {source="ZFA"} ! gustatory system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007690 {source="http://dev.biologists.org/content/128/22/4573.full"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001726 {source="Wikipedia"} ! papilla of tongue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002926 {source="NIF"} ! gustatory epithelium
relationship: has_part GO:0008527 ! gustatory receptor
relationship: has_part CL:0000209 {source="FMA"} ! taste receptor cell
relationship: capable_of GO:0050912 ! detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste
xref: AAO:0010573 ! taste bud
xref: SCTID:362099006 ! Entire taste bud
xref: ncithesaurus:Taste_Bud ! taste bud
synonym: "caliculus gustatorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Taste_bud]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Gray1018.png
property_value: external_definition "A chemoreceptive organ.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010573", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "One of a number of receptor cell nests located in the epithelium of the papillae of the tongue and in the soft palate, epiglottis, and pharynx that mediate the sense of taste. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000130", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/taste+bud", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Experients in amphibia have shown that an intrinsic feature of the pharyngeal endoderm is its ability to generate taste buds and this capacity must have been acquired by the endoderm at the origin of the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000130", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0039337

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001726
name: papilla of tongue
synonym: "lingual papilla" EXACT []
synonym: "tongue papilla" EXACT []
xref: FMA:54819 ! Papilla of tongue
xref: MA:0001593 ! tongue papilla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4102 ! Lingual papilla
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009471 {source="FMA-modified"} ! dorsum of tongue
xref: ncithesaurus:Papilla_of_the_Tongue ! Papilla of the Tongue
xref: SCTID:368728006 ! Entire lingual papillae
xref: UMLS:C0226964

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000396 ! vallate papilla
name: vallate papilla
alt_id: UBERON:0002927
def: "Any one of the largest papilla of the tongue, 8 to 12 in number, arranged in the form of a V anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongue" [BTO:0001705, Wikipedia:Vallate_papilla]
synonym: "vallate papilla of tongue" EXACT []
synonym: "circumvallate papilla of tongue" EXACT [FMA:54822]
synonym: "papilla vallatae" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:71449]
synonym: "circumvallate papilla" EXACT [MA:0001594]
synonym: "circumvallate papilla of tongue" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001705 ! vallate papilla
xref: FMA:54822 ! vallate papilla of tongue
xref: EMAPA:18654 ! circumvallate papilla of epithelium of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18271 ! circumvallate papilla of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18871 ! circumvallate papilla of tongue of pharynx of gut
xref: MA:0001594 ! circumvallate papilla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4106_2 ! Circumvallate papilla
xref: ncithesaurus:Circumvallate_Papilla ! Circumvallate Papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gray1015.png/200px-Gray1015.png
xref: EMAPA:18654 ! circumvallate papilla of epithelium of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18271 ! circumvallate papilla of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18871 ! circumvallate papilla of tongue of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0001726 ! papilla of tongue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray1015.png
xref: SCTID:69517000 ! Entire vallate papillae of tongue
xref: UMLS:C1182961

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013638
name: horny papilla of tongue
comment: In carnivores, functions to hold on to meat as it is being cut by the teeth
is_a: UBERON:0001726 ! papilla of tongue
synonym: "horny papilla" EXACT []
synonym: "horny papillae" RELATED PLURAL []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013639
name: mechanical papilla of tongue
is_a: UBERON:0001726 ! papilla of tongue
synonym: "mechanical papilla" EXACT []
synonym: "mechanical papillae" RELATED PLURAL []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013476
name: dermal layer of tongue
def: "." [PMID:23153189]
synonym: "tongue (dermal layer)" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002926 ! gustatory epithelium
name: gustatory epithelium
comment: editor note - see also epithelium of tongue and subclasses
xref: FMA:62412 ! Gustatory epithelium
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4099 ! Gustatory epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0006934 {source="FMA"} ! sensory epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007691
name: gustatory pore
def: "The minute opening of a taste bud on the surface of the oral mucosa through which the gustatory hairs of the specialised neuroepithelial gustatory cells project. " [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?gustatory+pore]
synonym: "porus gustatorius" EXACT  [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?gustatory+pore]
synonym: "taste pore" EXACT  [FMA:63589]
xref: FMA:63589 ! gustatory pore
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Taste_bud.svg
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
intersection_of: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001727 ! taste bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001727 {source="FMA"} ! taste bud
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000167 ! oral cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Taste_Pore ! Taste Pore
xref: SCTID:368724008 ! Entire gustatory pore
xref: UMLS:C0226971

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001731
name: cavity of pharynx
comment: Taxon notes: See notes for pharynx - as a grouping class this is probably too bad. We exclude WBbt:0005790 (pharyngeal lumen) because of the developmental relationship. Development notes: TOODO check
synonym: "lumen of pharynx" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "cavitas pharyngealis" RELATED LATIN []
synonym: "cavitas pharyngis" RELATED [BTO:0002097]
xref: FMA:54935 ! Cavity of pharynx
xref: XAO:0000105 ! pharyngeal cavity
xref: BTO:0002097 ! pharyngeal cavity
xref: EMAPA:18381 ! lumen of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18869 ! lumen of pharynx of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0006562 ! pharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006562 ! pharynx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001041 {source="XAO"} ! foregut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 {source="XAO"} ! digestive system
xref: AAO:0010435 ! pharyngeal cavity
xref: SCTID:180543003 ! Entire pharyngeal cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002372
name: tonsil
def: "Portion of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat." [Wikipedia:Tonsil]
comment: Usage notes: the term 'tonsil' can be ambiguous, sometimes refering specifically to the palatine tonsil, sometimes generically to include the cecal tonsils of avians. This class represents lymphoid tissue that is part of the tonsillar ring, in the mouth/throat region
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Mandel" RELATED [BTO:0001387]
xref: BTO:0001387
xref: FMA:9609 ! Tonsil
xref: GAID:341 ! tonsil
xref: VHOG:0001139 ! tonsil
xref: MA:0000143 ! tonsil
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Tonsil ! Tonsil
xref: ncithesaurus:Tonsilar_Tissue ! tonsillar tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Tonsillar_Lymphoid_Tissue ! tonsillar lymphoid tissue
xref: EFO:0001401 ! tonsil
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! tonsil
xref: MESH:A03.867.603.925 ! tonsil
xref: EV:0100052 ! tonsil
is_a: UBERON:0001961 {source="FMA"} ! mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001735 {source="cjm"} ! tonsillar ring
relationship: located_in UBERON:0000167 ! oral cavity
xref: UMLS:C0836921
xref: UMLS:C1519547
xref: UMLS:C1519548

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002373
name: palatine tonsil
def: "tonsils on the left and right sides at the back of the throat. one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), located at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts to protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites[WP]." [Wikipedia:Palatine_tonsil]
comment: Development notes: tonsillar fossa develops from dorsal portion of pouch 2. Note that pharyngeal and lingual tonsils do not develop from pharyngeal pouches[ISBN10:1607950324]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "faucial tonsil" EXACT []
synonym: "tonsil" BROAD []
xref: FMA:9610 ! Palatine tonsil
xref: VHOG:0001140 ! palatine tonsil
xref: MA:0000775 ! palatine tonsil
xref: MAT:0000291 ! palatine tonsil
xref: MIAA:0000291 ! palatine tonsil
xref: ncithesaurus:Palatine_Tonsil ! Palatine Tonsil
xref: EFO:0001977 ! palatine tonsil
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Illu_mouth.jpg/200px-Illu_mouth.jpg
xref: BTO:0004714 ! palatine tonsil
xref: EV:0100393 ! palatine tonsil
is_a: UBERON:0002372 ! tonsil
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002539 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010023 {source="ISBN10:1607950324"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2
xref: SCTID:265787001 ! Entire palatine tonsil
synonym: "tonsilla palatina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatine_tonsil]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Illu_mouth.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0040421

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007250
name: lingual tonsil
def: "The lingual tonsils are rounded masses of lymphatic tissue that cover the posterior region of the tongue. They are on the dorsal surface at the base of the tongue. Their lymphatic tissue are dense and nodular, their surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium which invaginates as a single crypt into each lingual tonsil. They are partially surrounded by connective tissue placing them in the group of Partially-Encapsulated Lymphatic Organs, tonsils, the only one of its kind. They have associated mucous glands which are drained by ducts directly into the single tonsillar crypt." [Wikipedia:Lingual_tonsils]
synonym: "lingual tonsillar tissue" EXACT [MA:0000773]
xref: FMA:54836 ! lingual tonsil
xref: MA:0000773 ! lingual tonsillar tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002372 ! tonsil
xref: ncithesaurus:Lingual_Tonsil ! Lingual Tonsil
xref: SCTID:276957006 ! Entire lingual tonsil
synonym: "tonsilla lingualis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lingual_tonsils]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Illu04_tongue.jpg
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0010033 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! posterior part of tongue
xref: UMLS:C0229871

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001732
name: pharyngeal tonsil
def: "Adenoids (or pharyngeal tonsils, or nasopharyngeal tonsils) are a mass of lymphoid tissue situated at the very back of the nose, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the mouth. Normally, in children, they make a soft mound in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx, just above and behind the uvula. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_tonsil]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adenoid" EXACT []
synonym: "nasopharyngeal tonsil" EXACT []
synonym: "tonsil of luschka" EXACT []
synonym: "Rachenmandel" RELATED [BTO:0000777]
xref: BTO:0000777
xref: FMA:54970 ! Pharyngeal tonsil
xref: GAID:1288 ! adenoid
xref: MA:0000774 ! nasopharyngeal tonsil
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Tonsil ! Pharyngeal Tonsil
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray994-adenoid.png/200px-Gray994-adenoid.png
xref: MESH:A15.382.520.604.084 ! adenoid
xref: EV:0100054 ! pharyngeal tonsil
is_a: UBERON:0002372 ! tonsil
is_a: UBERON:0012330 {source="cjm"} ! nasal-associated lymphoid tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001728 ! nasopharynx
xref: SCTID:181199001 ! Entire adenoid
synonym: "tonsilla pharyngea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_tonsil]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Gray994-adenoid.png
xref: UMLS:C0001428

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001735
name: tonsillar ring
def: "lymphoid tissue ring located in the pharynx and to the back of the oral cavity. The ring consists of (from superior to inferior): Pharyngeal tonsil (also known as 'adenoids' when infected) Tubal tonsil (where Eustachian tube opens in the nasopharynx) Palatine tonsils (commonly called 'the tonsils' in the vernacular, less commonly termed 'faucial tonsils') Lingual tonsils Some animals, but not humans, have one or two additional tonsils: Soft palate tonsil Paraepiglottic tonsil[WP]." [Wikipedia:Waldeyer's_ring]
comment: see also FMA:79771 naso-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal lymphatic ring" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal lymphoid ring" EXACT []
synonym: "Waldeyer's ring" EXACT []
synonym: "Waldeyer's tonsillar ring" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55070 ! Tonsillar ring
xref: MA:0000752 ! oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Waldeyers_Tonsillar_Ring ! Waldeyer's Tonsillar Ring
is_a: UBERON:0001961 {source="MA"} ! mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
synonym: "anulus lymphoideus pharyngis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:55070]
xref: SCTID:56411004 ! Entire Waldeyer's ring
xref: UMLS:C0459892

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003949
name: tubal tonsil
def: "the lymph tissue associated with the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube" [MP:0002386]
synonym: "auditory tube lymph gland" EXACT [FMA:54975]
synonym: "eustachian amygdala" EXACT [FMA:54975]
synonym: "Gerlach's tonsil" EXACT [FMA:54975]
synonym: "Gerlach's tubal tonsil" EXACT [FMA:54975]
xref: FMA:54975 ! tubal tonsil
is_a: UBERON:0002372 ! tonsil
xref: SCTID:143319002 ! Entire tubal tonsil

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001734
name: uvula
def: "Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers. The uvula, hanging from the end of the soft palate, is responsible for the sound of snoring. Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong gag reflex in most people." [Wikipedia:Palatine_uvula]
comment: seeAlso - bifid uvula and cleft palate
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "palatine uvula" EXACT []
synonym: "uvula of palate" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55022 ! Uvula
xref: GAID:1285 ! uvula
xref: ncithesaurus:Uvula
xref: EFO:0001386 ! uvula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg/200px-Tonsils_diagram.jpg
xref: MESH:A14.549.617.780.729 ! uvula
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! soft palate
synonym: "uvula palatina" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:55022]
xref: SCTID:362082005 ! Entire uvula palatina
synonym: "uvula palatina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatine_uvula]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0042173

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001736
name: submandibular gland
def: "The paired submandibular glands (submaxillary glands) are salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth. In humans, they account for 70% of the salivary volume and weigh about 15 grams. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Submandibular_gland]
comment: lobular, sexually dimorphic in mouse
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "submaxillary gland" RELATED []
synonym: "submandibular salivary gland" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001316
xref: FMA:55093 ! Submandibular gland
xref: GAID:942 ! submandibular gland
xref: VHOG:0000364 ! submandibular gland
xref: MA:0001589 ! submandibular gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Gland
xref: EFO:0001387 ! submandibular gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18812 ! submandibular gland
xref: MESH:A10.336.779.812 ! submandibular gland
xref: EV:0100061 ! submandibular gland
is_a: UBERON:0001829 ! major salivary gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006298 ! submandibular gland primordium
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
xref: SCTID:181235001 ! Entire submandibular gland
synonym: "glandula submandibularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Submandibular_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Either of two major salivary glands situated in the neck near the lower edge of each side of the mandible and emptying into the submandibular duct. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000364", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/submandibular+gland", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The most common oral glands in mammals are the salivary glands. There are usually three primary pairs of salivary glands, named for their approximate positions: mandibular (submandibular or submaxillary), sublingual, and parotid.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000364", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.525", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001710 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! lower jaw region
xref: UMLS:C0038556

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002334
name: submandibular duct
def: "The submandibular duct (Wharton's duct, submaxillary duct) is one of the salivary ducts. It is about 5 cm. long, and its wall is much thinner than that of the parotid duct. It begins by numerous branches from the deep surface of the gland, and runs forward between the mylohyoideus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus, then between the sublingual gland and the genioglossus, and opens by a narrow orifice on the summit of a small at the side of the frenulum linguæ. On the hyoglossus it lies between the lingual and hypoglossal nerves, but at the anterior border of the muscle it is crossed laterally by the lingual nerve; the terminal branches of the lingual nerve ascend on its medial side. It drains saliva from the submandibular glands and sublingual glands to the sublingual caruncle at the base of the tongue. It was initially described by the English anatomist Thomas Wharton and sometimes referred to by his name. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Submandibular_duct]
comment: AO notes: FMA also has 'main submandibular duct' (FMA:59899)
synonym: "submaxillary duct" RELATED []
synonym: "submandibular salivary duct" RELATED []
synonym: "Wharton's duct" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [FMA:59899, Wikipedia:Submandibular_duct]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:86266 ! Submandibular duct
xref: MA:0002698 ! submandibular duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Duct ! Submandibular Duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray1024.png/200px-Gray1024.png
xref: BTO:0004556 ! submandibular gland duct
is_a: UBERON:0001837 ! duct of salivary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001736 ! submandibular gland
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001736 ! submandibular gland
synonym: "ductus submaxillaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Submandibular_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray1024.png
xref: SCTID:181237009 ! Entire submaxillary duct
xref: UMLS:C0227472

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001737
name: larynx
def: "Heterogeneous cluster that connects the pharynx to the tracheobronchial tree[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Larynx, FMA:55097]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000268 ! larynx
xref: BTO:0001208
xref: EFO:0000838 ! larynx
xref: FMA:55097 ! Larynx
xref: GAID:108 ! larynx
xref: galen:Larynx
xref: VHOG:0001279 ! larynx
xref: MA:0000414 ! larynx
xref: MAT:0000187 ! larynx
xref: MIAA:0000187 ! larynx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0003081 ! larynx
xref: ncithesaurus:Larynx ! Larynx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! larynx
xref: EMAPA:18333 ! larynx
xref: MESH:A04.329 ! larynx
xref: EV:0100039 ! larynx
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001557 ! upper respiratory tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008947 {source="EHDAA2"} ! respiratory primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0004063 ! larynx
xref: SCTID:181212004 ! Entire larynx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Larynx_external_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000268", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "An anatomical cluster consisting of the epiglottus, the arytenoid cartilages, the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage and the muscles, membranes, and ligaments connecting them, and also of the mucosal covering these structures.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
property_value: homology_notes " (In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001279", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.239-241", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "laryngeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0023078

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010212 ! laryngeal apparatus
name: laryngeal apparatus
def: "Apparatus located between the lungs and the buccal cavity. This apparatus is composed of a pair of arytenoid cartilages that are supported by the cricoid ring." [AAO:0000267]
comment: Check this. See also UBERONREF:0000008
synonym: "laryngeal cartilage system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000904]
is_a: UBERON:0000467 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 {source="EHDAA2"} ! larynx
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 ! splanchnocranium
xref: EHDAA2:0000904 ! laryngeal cartilage system
xref: AAO:0000267 ! laryngeal apparatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010221
name: laryngeal associated mesenchyme
comment: Many sources say: thyroid cartilage from arch 4 other laryngeal cartilage (cricoid/arytenoid) from 6?
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 {source="EHDAA2"} ! larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 ! splanchnocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002539 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003115 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003117 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 6
xref: EHDAA2:0004085 ! laryngeal associated mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010213 ! laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation
name: laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010212 {source="EHDAA2-abstracted"} ! laryngeal apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 ! splanchnocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010221 {source="EHDAA2-abstracted"} ! laryngeal associated mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010214
name: cricoid pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010213 ! laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000327 ! cricoid pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010219
name: thyroid pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010213 ! laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0004088 ! thyroid pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001739
name: laryngeal cartilage
def: "the cartilaginous structures that support the larynx." [MP:0002256]
synonym: "cartilage of larynx" EXACT  [FMA:55108]
synonym: "larynx cartilage" EXACT [VHOG:0001550]
synonym: "cartilagines laryngeales" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: EHDAA:8157 ! laryngeal cartilages
xref: FMA:55108 ! Laryngeal cartilage
xref: GAID:107 ! laryngeal cartilage
xref: MA:0001758 ! larynx cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Cartilage
xref: BTO:0003660 ! laryngeal cartilage
xref: EMAPA:18697 ! laryngeal
xref: MESH:A02.165.507 ! laryngeal cartilage
xref: VHOG:0001550  ! larynx cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0007844 {source="FMA"} ! cartilage element
intersection_of: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010212 ! laryngeal apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="UBERONREF:0000008"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010213 ! laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:263482005 ! Entire laryngeal cartilage
property_value: homology_notes " (In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001550", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.239-241", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0023050

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001738
name: thyroid cartilage
def: "The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx. It is composed of two plate-like laminae that fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the laryngeal prominence. This prominence is often referred to as the 'pomus Adamus' or 'Adam's apple'. The laryngeal prominence is more prominent in adult male than female because of the difference in the size of the angle: 90° in male and 120° in female. The lip of the thyroid cartilage just superior to the laryngeal prominence is called the superior thyroid notch, while the notch inferior to the thyroid angle is called the inferior thyroid notch. Its posterior border is elongated both inferiorly and superiorly to form the superior horn of thyroid cartilage and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago thyroidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "pomus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "pomus adamus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "laryngeal prominence" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:55099 ! Thyroid cartilage
xref: GAID:112 ! thyroid cartilage
xref: VHOG:0001365 ! thyroid cartilage
xref: MA:0001764 ! thyroid cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Cartilage ! Thyroid Cartilage
xref: BTO:0003655 ! thyroid cartilage
xref: EHDAA:9395 ! thyroid cartilage
xref: EHDAA2:0002030 ! thyroid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Larynx_external_en.svg/200px-Larynx_external_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18698 ! thyroid of cartilage of respiratory system
xref: MESH:A02.165.507.870 ! thyroid cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010219 {source="EHDAA2"} ! thyroid pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010212 {source="EHDAA2"} ! laryngeal apparatus
xref: SCTID:263483000 ! Entire thyroid cartilage
synonym: "cartilago thyroidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Larynx_external_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "The largest cartilage of the larynx, having two broad processes that join anteriorly to form the Adam's apple. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001365", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thyroid+cartilage", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "[In anura] a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) [In mammals] Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001365", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.239-241", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0040126

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011623 ! horn of thyroid cartilage
name: horn of thyroid cartilage
synonym: "cornu of thyroid cartilage" EXACT  [FMA:55300]
synonym: "thyroid cartilage horn" EXACT  [FMA:55300]
xref: FMA:55300 ! horn of thyroid cartilage
xref: SCTID:279518009 ! Entire cornu of thyroid cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001738 ! thyroid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011624
name: superior horn of thyroid cartilage
def: "The superior horn of thyroid cartilage is long and narrow, directed upward, backward, and medialward, and ends in a conical extremity, which gives attachment to the lateral hyothyroid ligament." [Wikipedia:Superior_horn_of_thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "cornu superius (cartilago thyroidea)" EXACT  [FMA:55294]
synonym: "superior cornu of thyroid cartilage" EXACT  [FMA:55294]
synonym: "cornu superius cartilaginis thyroideae" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0011623 {source="FMA"} ! horn of thyroid cartilage
xref: FMA:55294 ! Superior horn of thyroid cartilage
xref: SCTID:279520007 ! Superior thyroid cornu

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011625
name: inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
def: "The inferior horn of thyroid cartilage is short and thick; it is directed downward, with a slight inclination forward and medialward, and presents, on the medial side of its tip, a small oval articular facet for articulation with the side of the cricoid cartilage." [Wikipedia:Inferior_horn_of_thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "cornu inferius (cartilago thyroidea)" EXACT  [FMA:55297]
synonym: "cornu inferius cartilaginis thyroideae" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0011623 {source="FMA"} ! horn of thyroid cartilage
xref: FMA:55297 ! Inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
xref: SCTID:279521006 ! Inferior thyroid cornu

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002375
name: cricoid cartilage
def: "The cricoid cartilage, or simply cricoid (from the Greek krikoeides meaning 'ring-shaped'), is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilaginis cricoideae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago cricoidea" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "cricoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cricoidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "krykoid cartilage" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "innominate cartilage" RELATED  [VHOG:0001308]
synonym: "cartilago cricoidea" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago cricotrachealis" RELATED  [AAO:0000675]
xref: AAO:0000675 ! cricoid_cartilage
xref: FMA:9615 ! Cricoid cartilage
xref: GAID:110 ! cricoid cartilage
xref: VHOG:0001308 ! cricoid cartilage
xref: MA:0001762 ! cricoid cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricoid_Cartilage ! Cricoid Cartilage
xref: EHDAA:9393 ! cricoid cartilage
xref: EHDAA2:0000326 ! cricoid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gray1194.png/200px-Gray1194.png
xref: EMAPA:18696 ! cricoid
xref: MESH:A02.165.507.211 ! cricoid cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001739 {source="MA"} ! laryngeal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001994 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hyaline cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010214 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cricoid pre-cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:263484006 ! Entire cricoid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Gray1194.png
property_value: external_definition "Cartilaginous ring that provides support for the arytenoid cartilages. Its ventral part is bent posteriorly to form a V.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000675", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The ringlike cartilage forming the caudal part of the larynx. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001308", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cricoid+cartilage", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001308", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.239-241", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0010323

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001740
name: arytenoid cartilage
def: "The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal cords are attached. Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago arytenoidea" RELATED  []
synonym: "cartilago arytaenoidea" RELATED  [AAO:0000674]
synonym: "arytenoids" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage]
synonym: "arytenoid" EXACT [EMAPA:18695]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000674 ! arytenoid_cartilage
xref: FMA:55109 ! Arytenoid cartilage
xref: GAID:109 ! arytenoid cartilage
xref: MA:0001759 ! arytenoid cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Arytenoid_Cartilage ! Arytenoid Cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray950.png/200px-Gray950.png
xref: EMAPA:18695 ! arytenoid
xref: MESH:A02.165.507.083 ! arytenoid cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010220 {source="cjm"} ! arytenoid pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
xref: SCTID:264446005 ! Entire arytenoid cartilage
xref: EMAPA:17977  ! arytenoid cartilage
xref: EMAPA:18695 ! arytenoid
synonym: "cartilagines arytenoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray950.png
property_value: external_definition "Paired, anteroposteriorly elongated cartilages that are associated with the vocal cords. These cartilages are medially separated and hemispherical, and their concave side faces ventromedially.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000674", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0003943

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010220 ! arytenoid pre-cartilage condensation
name: arytenoid pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010213 ! laryngeal pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010215 {source="EHDAA2"} ! arytenoid swellings
synonym: "arytenoid swelling pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:17387]
xref: EHDAA2:0000144 ! arytenoid pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17387 ! arytenoid swelling pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000998 ! arytenoid pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010215
name: arytenoid swellings
def: "paired primordial elevations, on either side of the embryonic larynx, within which the arytenoid cartilages are formed" [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87317]
comment: AO notes - EHDAA2 and EMAPA appear to be inconsistent
is_a: UBERON:0005856 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchymal condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010212 {source="EHDAA2"} ! laryngeal apparatus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010221 {source="EHDAA2"} ! laryngeal associated mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000146 ! arytenoid swellings

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001741
name: corniculate cartilage
def: "The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of yellow elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them posteriorly and medially. They are situated in the posterior parts of the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane, and are sometimes fused with the arytenoid cartilages. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Corniculate_cartilages]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Santorini's cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "cartilage of Santorini" EXACT []
synonym: "cartilagines corniculata" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Corniculate_cartilage]
xref: FMA:55110 ! Corniculate cartilage
xref: MA:0001885 ! corniculate cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Corniculate_Cartilage ! Corniculate Cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Gray952.png/200px-Gray952.png
is_a: UBERON:0001996 {source="MA"} ! elastic cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 {source="FMA"} ! larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 ! splanchnocranium
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003117 ! pharyngeal arch 6
xref: SCTID:278989005 ! Entire corniculate cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Gray952.png
xref: UMLS:C0225556

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011157
name: cuneiform cartilage
def: "The cuneiform cartilages of the larynx are two small, elongated pieces of yellow elastic cartilage, placed one on either side, in the aryepiglottic fold, where they give rise to small whitish elevations on the surface of the mucous membrane, just in front of the arytenoid cartilages." [Wikipedia:Cuneiform_cartilages]
comment: AAO def: "Independent cartilage that may occur dorsal or anterior to the prominentiae apicales dorsales of the arytenoid cartilages."
synonym: "cartilagines cuneiformes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cuneiform_cartilages]
synonym: "cartilage of Morgagni" EXACT  [FMA:55111]
synonym: "cartilage of Wrisberg" EXACT  [FMA:55111]
synonym: "cartilago apicalis intermedia" RELATED  [AAO:0000690]
synonym: "cartilago apicalis seu cartilago Santoriniana" RELATED  [AAO:0000690]
synonym: "Wrisbergi cartilage" EXACT [AAO:0000690]
is_a: UBERON:0001996 {source="Wikipedia"} ! elastic cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001739 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal cartilage
xref: FMA:55111 ! cuneiform cartilage
xref: SCTID:264456009 ! Entire cuneiform cartilage
xref: AAO:0000690 ! wrisbergi cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray956.png
property_value: external_definition "Independent cartilage that may occur dorsal or anterior to the prominentiae apicales dorsales of the arytenoid cartilages.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000690", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001742
name: epiglottic cartilage
def: "the most superior of the laryngeal cartilages, which is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing." [MP:0002259]
comment: AO notes: laryngeal cartilage in MP
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:55112 ! Epiglottic cartilage
xref: MA:0001763 ! epiglottic cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Epiglottic_Cartilage ! Epiglottic Cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001996 ! elastic cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000388 ! epiglottis
xref: SCTID:278990001 ! Entire epiglottic cartilage
xref: UMLS:C0458526

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000388 ! epiglottis
name: epiglottis
def: "a flap of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally." [Wikipedia:Epiglottis]
comment: Editor note: refine definition to better distinguish cartilage from the whole structure
xref: BTO:0001628
xref: FMA:55130 ! Epiglottis
xref: ncithesaurus:Epiglottis ! Epiglottis
xref: GAID:111 ! epiglottis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! epiglottis
xref: EMAPA:18289 ! epiglottis
xref: MESH:A02.165.507.411 ! epiglottis
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001051 ! hypopharynx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003115 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal arch 4
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: EHDAA2:0004081 ! epiglottis
xref: SCTID:245502004 ! Entire epiglottis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Gray958.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epiglottal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014540

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013165
name: epiglottic vallecula
def: "A depression in front of the epiglottis, in which food is temporarily gathered as the animal chews." [Wikipedia:Epiglottic_vallecula, ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "vallecula of epiglottis" EXACT  [FMA:55037]
synonym: "vallecula of epiglottis" EXACT []
synonym: "vallecula epiglottica" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "vallecula" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000341 ! throat
xref: FMA:55037 ! epiglottic vallecula
xref: SCTID:276955003 ! Entire vallecula of epiglottis
property_value: external_definition "Region of surface of viscerocranial mucosa, which is a depression located between the median and lateral glosso-epiglottic folds. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left epiglottic valleculas[FMA:55037]." xsd:string {source="FMA:55037"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013166
name: vallecula of cerebellum
def: "On the upper surface of the cerebellum the vermis is elevated above the level of the hemispheres, but on the under surface it is sunk almost out of sight in the bottom of a deep depression between them; this depression is called the vallecula of the cerebellum, and lodges the posterior part of the medulla oblongata." [Wikipedia:Vallecula_of_cerebellum]
synonym: "vallecula cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:75267]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: FMA:75267 ! vallecula cerebelli
xref: ncithesaurus:Vallecula ! vallecula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001743
name: ligament of larynx
def: "A ligament that is part of a larynx and connexts the cartilages of the larynx" [http://education.yahoo.com/reference/gray/subjects/subject/236]
synonym: "laryngeal ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "larynx ligament" EXACT [MA:0001755]
xref: FMA:55131 ! Ligament of larynx
xref: MA:0001755 ! larynx ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Ligament ! Laryngeal Ligament
is_a: UBERON:0008845 {source="FMA"} ! nonskeletal ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
xref: SCTID:279508004 ! Laryngeal ligament
xref: UMLS:C0458519

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001730
name: extrinsic ligament of larynx
synonym: "laryngeal extrinsic ligament" EXACT []
xref: FMA:54921 ! Extrinsic ligament of larynx
xref: MA:0001756 ! laryngeal extrinsic ligament
is_a: UBERON:0001743 ! ligament of larynx
xref: SCTID:279550004 ! Extrinsic laryngeal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006325
name: laryngeal intrinsic ligament
synonym: "intrinsic ligament of larynx" EXACT [FMA:72058]
xref: FMA:72058 ! Intrinsic ligament of larynx
xref: MA:0001757 ! laryngeal intrinsic ligament
is_a: UBERON:0001743 ! ligament of larynx
xref: SCTID:279557001 ! Intrinsic laryngeal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011311
name: hyoepiglottic ligament
def: "an elastic band connecting the anterior surface of the epiglottis to the upper border of the body of the hyoid bone." [Wikipedia:Hyoepiglottic_ligament]
synonym: "hyo-epiglottic ligament" EXACT  [FMA:55227]
synonym: "igamentum hyoepiglotticum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Hyoepiglottic_ligament]
is_a: UBERON:0001730 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic ligament of larynx
relationship: connects UBERON:0000388 ! epiglottis
relationship: connects UBERON:0003999 ! hyoid bone body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
xref: FMA:55227 ! hyo-epiglottic ligament
xref: SCTID:279552007 ! Entire hyoepiglottic ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyoepiglottic_Ligament ! hyoepiglottic ligament
xref: UMLS:C0225515

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011312
name: hyoepiglottic muscle
comment: Developed in mammals other than human. TODO: add relationship to hyoepiglottic ligament. 
synonym: "hyo-epiglottic muscle" EXACT  []
synonym: "hyoepiglottus" EXACT  []
synonym: "hyoepiglotticus" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0001568 ! muscle of larynx
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0000388 ! epiglottis
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0003999 ! hyoid bone body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013167
name: cricopharyngeal ligament
def: "Laryngeal ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the pharynx[WP,modified]" [Wikipedia:Cricopharyngeal_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum cricopharyngeum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Cricopharyngeal_ligament]
synonym: "crico-pharyngeal ligament" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001730 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic ligament of larynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0001743 ! ligament of larynx
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
xref: FMA:55260 ! cricopharyngeal ligament
xref: SCTID:172455006 ! Entire cricopharyngeal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013168
name: thyroepiglottic ligament
def: "Laryngeal ligament that connects the epiglottis to the thyroid cartilage[WP,modified]" [Wikipedia:Thyroepiglottic_ligament]
synonym: "thyroepiglottic ligament" EXACT  [FMA:55230]
synonym: "ligamentum thyroepiglotticum" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0006325 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal intrinsic ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0001743 ! ligament of larynx
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001742 ! epiglottic cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001738 ! thyroid cartilage
xref: FMA:55230 ! thyro-epiglottic ligament
xref: SCTID:279562000 ! Entire thyroepiglottic ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroepiglottic_Ligament ! thyroepiglottic ligament
xref: UMLS:C0225514

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013169
name: vestibular ligament
def: "The vestibular fold is a fibroelastic band which passes from the ventral margin of the cuneiform cartilage to the cranial dorsal surface of the thyroid cartilage. It forms the support for the free edge of the vestibular fold." [MURDOCH:2193, Wikipedia:Vestibular_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum vestibulare" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibular_ligament]
synonym: "ventricular ligament" EXACT [Wikipedia:Vestibular_ligament]
synonym: "vestibular ligament of larynx" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0006325 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal intrinsic ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0001743 ! ligament of larynx
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0011157 ! cuneiform cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001738 ! thyroid cartilage
xref: FMA:64147 ! vestibular ligament
xref: SCTID:279561007 ! Entire vestibular ligament of larynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013170
name: cricoarytenoid ligament
def: "Laryngeal ligament that connects the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages[WP,modified]" [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_ligament]
is_a: UBERON:0001730 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic ligament of larynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0001743 ! ligament of larynx
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
synonym: "crico-arytenoid ligament" EXACT [FMA:55261]
synonym: "ligamentum cricoaryteneoideum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_ligament]
xref: FMA:55261 ! crico-arytenoid ligament
xref: SCTID:172533001 ! Entire posterior cricoarytenoid ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013171
name: cricothyroid ligament
def: "This attaches the caudal border of the thyroid cartilage to the ventral arch of the cricoid cartilage. Its sheetlike ventral portion is sometimes referred to as the cricothyroid membrane. Being elastic, it 'balances' movement at the hinge-like cricothyroid joint and determines the resting position of the larynx when the muscles are relaxed[MURDOCH]. The cricothyroid ligament is the larger part of the laryngeal membrane, continuing inferiorly as a median or anterior part and twin lateral ligaments. The median cricothyroid ligament is a flat band of white tissue joining the cricoid and thyroid cartilages, while the lateral cricothyroid ligament is also known as the cricothyroid membrane (also called conus elasticus)." [MURDOCH:483, Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_ligament]
synonym: "crico-thyroid ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "ligamentum cricothyreoideum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_ligament]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001743 ! ligament of larynx
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001738 ! thyroid cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
xref: FMA:55233 ! cricothyroid ligament
xref: SCTID:279558006 ! Entire cricothyroid ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricothyroid_Ligament ! cricothyroid ligament
xref: UMLS:C0225542

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013172
name: cricotracheal ligament
def: "The cricotracheal ligament connects the cricoid cartilage with the first ring of the trachea[WP]. The caudal border of the cricoid cartilage is joined to the first ring of the trachea by this ligament. It is an extrinsic laryngeal ligament. It resembles the fibrous membrane which connects the cartilaginous rings of the trachea to each other." [MURDOCH:486, Wikipedia:Cricotracheal_ligament]
is_a: UBERON:0001730 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic ligament of larynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0001743 ! ligament of larynx
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003604 ! trachea cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
xref: FMA:55259 ! cricotracheal ligament
xref: SCTID:279553002 ! Entire cricotracheal ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricotracheal_Ligament ! cricotracheal ligament
xref: UMLS:C0225543

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001746
name: fibrous capsule of thyroid gland
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "thyroid capsule" EXACT []
synonym: "thyroid gland capsule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55513 ! Fibrous capsule of thyroid gland
xref: MA:0002675 ! thyroid gland capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Capsule ! Thyroid Gland Capsule
is_a: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
xref: SCTID:176859009 ! Entire thyroid capsule
xref: UMLS:C0229575

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001747
name: parenchyma of thyroid gland
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "thyroid gland parenchyma" EXACT []
synonym: "parenchyma of thyroid" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "parenchyma of thyroid follicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parenchyma of thyroid gland follicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thyroid follicle parenchyma" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thyroid gland follicle parenchyma" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thyroid parenchyma" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: FMA:55515 ! Parenchyma of thyroid gland
xref: MA:0000730 ! thyroid gland parenchyma
xref: BTO:0004579 ! parenchyma of thyroid gland
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353 ! parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
relationship: has_part CL:0000570 {source="FMA"} ! parafollicular cell
relationship: has_part CL:0002258 {source="FMA"} ! thyroid follicular cell
xref: SCTID:371402001 ! Structure of parenchyma of thyroid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001748
name: capsule of parathyroid gland
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "parathyroid gland capsule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55566 ! Capsule of parathyroid gland
xref: MA:0002676 ! parathyroid gland capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Parathyroid_Gland_Capsule ! Parathyroid Gland Capsule
is_a: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0001132 ! parathyroid gland
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001132 ! parathyroid gland
def: "A capsule that surrounds a parathyroid gland." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0927176

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001749
name: parenchyma of parathyroid gland
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "parathyroid gland parenchyma" EXACT []
synonym: "parathyroid parenchyma" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parenchyma of parathyroid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:55569 ! Parenchyma of parathyroid gland
xref: MA:0002677 ! parathyroid gland parenchyma
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353 ! parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001132 ! parathyroid gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001132 ! parathyroid gland
relationship: has_part CL:0000446 {source="FMA"} ! chief cell of parathyroid gland
relationship: has_part CL:0002199 {source="FMA"} ! oxyphil cell of parathyroid gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011587
name: pre-dentine
def: "Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000071]
synonym: "pre-dentine tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "predentine tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "predentin" EXACT [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3360947]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 {source="VSAO"} ! odontoid tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: secreted_by CL:0000060 {source="text definition"} ! odontoblast
xref: VSAO:0000071 ! pre-dentine
xref: XAO:0004052 ! pre-dentine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001751
name: dentine
def: "Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000069, Wikipedia:Dentin]
comment: Dentine is found in the fossil record as early as the late Cambrian, in fish, where it may have had a role in electrochemical sensing of the environment as well as assisting in defense[WP]. Editors note: note the asserted dual is_a parentage, as dentine is both skeletal tissue and a substance
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dentin" EXACT [MA:0002542]
synonym: "predentin" NARROW [GO:0070468]
synonym: "dentine of tooth" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55628 ! Dentine
xref: GAID:1272 ! dentin
xref: MA:0002542 ! dentin
xref: TAO:0005143 ! dentine
xref: ZFA:0005143 ! dentine
xref: ncithesaurus:Dentin ! Dentin
xref: BTO:0003453 ! dentin
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.280 ! dentin
xref: VSAO:0000069 ! dentine
is_a: UBERON:0010365 {source="VSAO"} ! odontoid tissue
is_a: UBERON:0001973 ! substance of tooth
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011587 {source="VSAO"} ! pre-dentine
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: SCTID:362112004 ! Entire dentin
xref: XAO:0004051 ! dentine
xref: VHOG:0001589 ! dentine
property_value: external_definition "Mineralized collagen containing substance that forms the tooth structure.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005143", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Dentine is a bona fide vertebrate novelty, and dentine-secreting odontoblasts represent a cell type that is exclusively derived from the neural crest.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001589", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01495.x Hall BK\, Gillis JA\, Incremental evolution of the neural crest\, neural crest cells and neural crest-derived skeletal tissues. J Anat (2012)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "dentinal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0011429

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011588
name: pre-enamel
def: "Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix." [VSAO:0000066]
synonym: "pre-enamel tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "preenamel tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 {source="VSAO"} ! odontoid tissue
xref: VSAO:0000066 ! pre-enamel
xref: XAO:0004202 ! pre-enamel
relationship: secreted_by CL:0000059 ! ameloblast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001752
name: enamel
def: "A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]." [Wikipedia:Enamel_organ, ZFIN:curator]
comment: AO notes: part_of tooth enamel organ in MA. Editor notes: current classification under substance of tooth may be turned into taxon GCI (e.g. sharks have enamel in dermal denticles)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "enamel of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "enameloid" RELATED []
synonym: "tooth enamel" EXACT []
synonym: "enamel tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
xref: FMA:55629 ! Enamel
xref: MA:0002543 ! enamel
xref: ncithesaurus:Enamel ! Enamel
xref: BTO:0001844 ! tooth enamel
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.255 ! dental enamel
xref: VSAO:0000065 ! enamel
is_a: UBERON:0001973 {source="FMA"} ! substance of tooth
is_a: UBERON:0010365 {source="VSAO"} ! odontoid tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011588 {source="VSAO"} ! pre-enamel
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: composed_primarily_of CHEBI:52255 {source="Wikipedia:ENAM", proportion="85"} ! hydroxylapatite
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9359 {source="PMID:19730686"} ! Dasypodidae
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9816 {source="PMID:19730686"} ! Orycteropodidae
xref: SCTID:362113009 ! Entire enamel
xref: XAO:0004198 ! enamel
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Enamelorgan11-17-05.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000065", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
xref: UMLS:C0011350

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011688
name: pre-enameloid
def: "Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix." [VSAO:0000114]
synonym: "non-mineralized enameloid tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 {source="VSAO"} ! odontoid tissue
xref: VSAO:0000114 ! pre-enameloid
xref: XAO:0004203 ! pre-enameloid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011692
name: enameloid
def: "Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue." [VSAO:0000113]
synonym: "bitypic enamel" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "durodentine" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "enameloid tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "vitrodentine" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 {source="VSAO"} ! odontoid tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011688 {source="VSAO"} ! pre-enameloid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 {source="ZFA"} ! calcareous tooth
xref: VSAO:0000113 ! enameloid
xref: VHOG:0001565 ! enameloid
xref: XAO:0004199 ! enameloid
xref: ZFA:0005142 ! enameloid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001753
name: cementum
def: "A bone-like mineralized tissue secreted by cementoblasts on the surface of root dentine or, in some animals, crown enamel[Diekwisch 2001]. Substance of tooth produced by cementoblasts; surrounds the dentine of the root of the tooth[FMA]. a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex. Its coloration is yellowish and it is softer than enamel and dentin due to being less mineralized[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cementum]
comment: Cementum, the supporting tissue that anchors mammalian and crocodylian teeth into their sockets, differs among species and can have features of dentine, of bone, and of calcified cartilage, as well as unique features. Cementum is deposited by cementoblasts onto existing dentine. As in bone and dentine, cementoblasts produce an organic matrix, the main constituent of which is collagen type I (Bosshardt, 2005), but cementum, dentine, and bone also share a number of important noncollagenous matrix components such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, a2-HS- glycoprotein, dentine matrix protein, dentine sialoprotein, and den- tine phosphoprotein (McKee et al., 1996; Bosshardt, 2005). it has been argued that in all rodents and ruminants, cementum is a form of calcified cartilage[H&W]
synonym: "cement" EXACT []
synonym: "cement of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "cementum" EXACT []
synonym: "cementum of tooth" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55630 ! Cement
xref: MA:0002541 ! cementum
xref: ncithesaurus:Cementum ! Cementum
xref: BTO:0002525 ! cementum
xref: MESH:A14.254.646.267 ! dental cementum
xref: VSAO:0000062 ! cementum
is_a: UBERON:0001973 ! substance of tooth
is_a: UBERON:0010365 {source="VSAO"} ! odontoid tissue
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0008969 {source="PMID:19767574", source="Wikipedia"} ! dental follicle
xref: SCTID:362114003 ! Entire cementum
xref: XAO:0004196 ! cementum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000062", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
synonym: "bone of attachment" RELATED [VSAO:0000062]
xref: UMLS:C0011343

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001754
name: dental pulp
def: "the part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dental_pulp]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pulp of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "tooth pulp" EXACT [ZFA:0005141]
synonym: "dental pulp cell" RELATED [BTO:0000339]
xref: BTO:0000339
xref: FMA:55631 ! Dental pulp
xref: GAID:1270 ! dental pulp
xref: VHOG:0001469 ! dental pulp
xref: MA:0001599 ! dental pulp
xref: ncithesaurus:Dental_Pulp ! Dental Pulp
xref: ZFA:0005141 ! tooth pulp
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg/200px-Tooth_Section.svg.png
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.260 ! dental pulp
is_a: UBERON:0011825 {source="FMA"} ! loose connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
relationship: has_part CL:0000060 ! odontoblast
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001763 {source="ZFA"} ! odontogenic papilla
xref: SCTID:362110007 ! Entire pulp of tooth
xref: TAO:0005141 ! tooth pulp
property_value: external_definition "Material in the center of the dentine of the mature tooth. In secondary teeth the pulp contains blood vessels and odontoblast.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005141", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The oral cavity of vertebrates is generally thought to arise as an ectodermal invagination. Consistent with this, oral teeth are proposed to arise exclusively from ectoderm, contributing to tooth enamel epithelium, and from neural crest derived mesenchyme, contributing to dentin and pulp (reference 1); Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001469", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nature07304 Soukup V\, Epperlein HH\, Horacek I\, Cerny R\, Dual epithelial origin of vertebrate oral teeth. Nature (2008)\, DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-11-307 The homology of odontodes in gnathostomes: insights from Dlx gene expression in the dogfish\, Scyliorhinus canicula. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0011399

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001756
name: middle ear
def: "The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window)[GO]." [GO:0042474, Wikipedia:Middle_ear]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auris media" RELATED [BTO:0002099]
xref: EHDAA:5693 ! middle ear
xref: FMA:56513 ! Middle ear
xref: GAID:165 ! middle ear
xref: VHOG:0000312 ! middle ear
xref: MA:0000253 ! middle ear
xref: MAT:0000146 ! middle ear
xref: MIAA:0000146 ! middle ear
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Ear
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1695 ! Middle ear
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbw1j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000191 ! middle ear
xref: BTO:0002099 ! middle ear
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbw1j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! middle ear
xref: EHDAA2:0001181 ! middle ear
xref: EMAPA:17000 ! middle ear
xref: MESH:A09.246.397 ! middle ear
xref: EV:0100357 ! middle ear
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001690 ! ear
xref: AAO:0011065 ! middle ear
xref: SCTID:181185000 ! Entire middle ear
synonym: "auris media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_ear]
property_value: external_definition "The intermediate portion of the ear which consists of a small air-filled and membrane-lined chamber. It is lodged in the temporal bone and continues with the nasopharynx through the Eustachian tube. It is separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane and from the inner ear by the fenestrae. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000312", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tympanic cavity and auditory tube of an amniote develop from the first embryonic pharyngeal pouch, so they are homologous to the first gill pouch, or spiracle, of a fish. We are uncertain whether this homology strictly applies to the middle ear cavity and auditory tube of lissamphibians, which show certain peculiarities in their development.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000312", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.417", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0013455

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001757
name: pinna
def: "Visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head. The purpose of the pinna is to collect sound. It does so by acting as a funnel, amplifying the sound and directing it to the ear canal. While reflecting from the pinna, sound also goes through a filtering process which adds directional information to the sound (see sound localization, head-related transfer function, pinna notch). The filtering effect of the human pinna preferentially selects sounds in the frequency range of human speech. In various species, the pinna can also signal mood and radiate heat." [Wikipedia:Pinna_(anatomy)]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auricle" EXACT []
synonym: "auricula" EXACT [Wikipedia:Auricula]
synonym: "auricle of ear" EXACT []
synonym: "auricle of external ear" EXACT []
synonym: "auricula (auris externa)" EXACT []
synonym: "pinna of ear" EXACT []
synonym: "pinnae" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: FMA:56580 ! Pinna
xref: galen:Auricle
xref: VHOG:0000460 ! pinna
xref: MA:0000259 ! auricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Auricle ! Auricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvs_VC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pinna
xref: EHDAA2:0001467 ! pinna
xref: EMAPA:17589 ! pinna
xref: EV:0100355 ! auricle
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:421159007 ! Entire pinna
property_value: external_definition "The external expanded part of the ear characterized by a funnel-shaped structure through which the sound vibrations are received. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000460", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Mammals have a third type of tympanic ear. An external flap, the auricle or pinna, helps funnel sound waves down the external acoustic meatus to the tympanic membrane.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000460", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.420", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0928075

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006938
name: pinna surface epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001470 ! pinna surface epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17592 ! surface epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000632 ! pinna surface epithelium
xref: EHDAA:8983 ! surface epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001757 ! pinna
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pinna." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001758
name: periodontium
def: "The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Periodontium, BTO:0001021]
comment: note FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same
synonym: "paradentium" RELATED  [MESH:A14.254.646]
synonym: "tooth supporting structure" RELATED  [MESH:A14.254.646]
synonym: "periodontal membrane" RELATED  [MA:0002467]
synonym: "periodontal ligament" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:56665]
xref: BTO:0001021 ! periodontium
xref: FMA:56665 ! Periodontium
xref: GAID:216 ! periodontium
xref: ncithesaurus:Periodontium ! Periodontium
xref: MESH:A14.254.646 ! periodontium
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="cjm"} ! tissue
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 {source="cjm"} ! dentition
relationship: has_part CL:0002166 {source="FMA"} ! epithelial cell of malassez
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0031093

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008266
name: periodontal ligament
def: "The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]." [BTO:0001020, Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/21]
comment: AO notes: FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same; it has a separate class desmodentium, which we place here even though it is classified as fetal in FMA
synonym: "fibra periodontalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament]
synonym: "periodontal fiber" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament]
synonym: "periodontal fibre" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament]
synonym: "PDL" RELATED [Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament]
synonym: "alveolar periosteum" RELATED  [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "alveolodental ligament" RELATED  [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "alveolodental membrane" RELATED  [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "desmodontium" RELATED  [BTO:0001020, http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]
synonym: "odontoperiosteum" RELATED  [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "paradentium" RELATED  [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "peridental membrane" RELATED  [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "peridontal membrane" RELATED  [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "peridontal ligament" RELATED  []
synonym: "peridontium" RELATED  [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "peridontal ligament fiber" RELATED  [http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]
synonym: "peridontal ligament fibre" RELATED  [http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]
synonym: "peridontal fiber" RELATED  [http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]
synonym: "peridontal fibre" RELATED  [http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]
xref: BTO:0001020 ! periodontal ligament
xref: GAID:1259 ! periodontal ligament
xref: MA:0002467 ! periodontal ligament
is_a: UBERON:0008846 {source="FMA-moved"} ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001758 ! periodontium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001758 {source="BTO"} ! periodontium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002", is_entailed="true"} ! neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008969 {source="Wikipedia:Dental_follicle", source="PMID:19767574"} ! dental follicle
xref: SCTID:245775004 ! Periodontal ligament
xref: FMA:76870 ! desmodentium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP][BTO:0001020, Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/21]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber"}
property_value: external_definition "The collagen fibers, running from the cementum to the alveolar bone, that suspend a tooth in its socket; they include apical, oblique, horizontal, and alveolar crest fibers, indicating that the orientation of the fibers varies at different levels[http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]." xsd:string {source="http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012376
name: retromolar triangle
def: "The small area behind the wisdom teeth"  [ncithesaurus:Retromolar_Trigone, Wikipedia:Retromolar_space]
comment: Editor notes: requires verification
synonym: "retromolar trigone" RELATED []
synonym: "retromolar pad" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001828 ! gingiva
xref: FMA:75784 ! retromolar triangle
xref: ncithesaurus:Retromolar_Trigone ! retromolar trigone
xref: SCTID:245830008 ! Mucosa of retromolar pads of mandibular gingiva
xref: UMLS:C0226920
xref: CALOHA:TS-2353 ! Retromolar trigone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001759 ! vagus nerve
name: vagus nerve
def: "Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart)." [ISBN:0471209627, Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "CN-X" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial nerve X" RELATED []
synonym: "tenth cranial nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "vagal nerve" RELATED []
synonym: "vagus" EXACT []
synonym: "Vagus nerve [X]" EXACT []
synonym: "vagus nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "nervus vagus" RELATED [BTO:0003472]
synonym: "pneuomgastric nerve" RELATED [BTO:0003472]
synonym: "vagus X nerve" EXACT [MA:0001106]
xref: FMA:5731 ! Vagus nerve
xref: GAID:721 ! vagus nerve
xref: VHOG:0000737 ! vagus nerve
xref: MA:0001106 ! vagus X nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_801 ! Vagus nerve
xref: TAO:0000453 ! cranial nerve X
xref: XAO:0003097 ! cranial nerve X
xref: ZFA:0000453 ! cranial nerve X
xref: ncithesaurus:Vagus_Nerve ! Vagus Nerve
xref: BTO:0003472 ! vagus nerve
xref: EFO:0002549 ! vagus nerve
xref: galen:VagusNerve ! vagus nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rviHk2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vagus nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/200px-Gray791.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.050.925 ! vagus nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
relationship: develops_from_part_of UBERON:0005073 {source="GO"} ! preganglionic parasympathetic nervous system
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005239 {source="Wikipedia", notes="motor"} ! basal plate metencephalon
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Wikipedia", notes="sensory"} ! neural crest
synonym: "nervus vagus [x]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5731]
xref: AAO:0010475 ! 10 vagus nerve
xref: SCTID:362466001 ! Entire vagus nerve
synonym: "nervus vagus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png
property_value: external_definition "Nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers which branch and innervate the smooth muscles and glands of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and stomach as well as some throat muscles. Sensory fibers supply mucosa of the mouth and pharynx.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010475", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000737", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43\, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.625", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0042276

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005362
name: vagus X ganglion
def: "a small, elongated ganglion located between the esophagus and aorta, marking the terminus of the recurrent nerve[WP]" [Wikipedia:Vagus_ganglion]
synonym: "gX" BROAD  [ZFA:0007067]
synonym: "ganglion of vagus nerve" EXACT [FMA:53472]
synonym: "right glossopharyngeal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53472]
synonym: "vagus neural ganglion" EXACT [FMA:53472]
synonym: "vagus X" RELATED [EMAPA:16798]
synonym: "vagal ganglion" EXACT [ZFA:0007067]
synonym: "vagus ganglion" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001081 ! vagus X ganglion
xref: FMA:53472 ! ganglion of vagus nerve
xref: VHOG:0000684 ! vagus X ganglion 
xref: EMAPA:16798 ! vagus X
is_a: UBERON:0009127 {source="ZFA"} ! epibranchial ganglion
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001759 ! vagus nerve
xref: SCTID:244452001 ! Vagus nerve ganglion
xref: TAO:0007067 ! vagal ganglion
xref: ZFA:0007067 ! vagal ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005363
name: inferior vagus X ganglion
synonym: "inferior ganglion of vagus nerve" EXACT [FMA:6230]
synonym: "ganglion inferius (nervus vagus)" EXACT [FMA:6230]
synonym: "inferior ganglion of vagus" EXACT [FMA:6230]
synonym: "nodose ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6230]
synonym: "tenth cranial nerve nodose ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6230]
synonym: "vagus nerve inferior ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6230]
synonym: "vagus nerve nodose ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6230]
synonym: "inferior vagus X" BROAD [EMAPA:17155]
synonym: "nodose ganglion" RELATED [EMAPA:17155]
xref: MA:0001082 ! inferior vagus X ganglion
xref: FMA:6230 ! Inferior ganglion of vagus nerve
xref: MESH:A08.340.390.550 ! nodose ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000685 ! vagus X inferior ganglion
xref: EFO:0002516 ! inferior ganglion of vagus nerve
xref: EMAPA:17155 ! inferior of vagus X
is_a: UBERON:0005362 ! vagus X ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009126 {source="EHDAA2"} ! nodosal placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
synonym: "ganglion inferius nervus vagi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6230]
xref: SCTID:14420006 ! Vagus nerve nodose ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0004622 ! nodose ganglion
synonym: "vagus X inferior ganglion" RELATED [VHOG:0000685]
property_value: homology_notes "These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000685", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005364
name: superior vagus X ganglion
synonym: "superior ganglion of vagus nerve" EXACT [FMA:6229]
synonym: "ganglion superius (nervus vagus)" EXACT [FMA:6229]
synonym: "jugular ganglion" RELATED [FMA:6229]
synonym: "superior ganglion of vagus" EXACT [FMA:6229]
synonym: "tenth cranial nerve jugular ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6229]
synonym: "vagus nerve jugular ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6229]
synonym: "vagus nerve superior ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6229]
synonym: "superior vagus X" BROAD [EMAPA:17156]
synonym: "gasserian ganglion" RELATED [EMAPA:17156]
xref: MA:0001083 ! superior vagus X ganglion
xref: FMA:6229 ! Superior ganglion of vagus nerve
xref: VHOG:0000686 ! vagus X superior ganglion
xref: EMAPA:17156 ! superior of vagus X
is_a: UBERON:0005362 ! vagus X ganglion
synonym: "ganglion superius nervus vagi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6229]
xref: SCTID:280197008 ! Superior vagus ganglion
synonym: "vagus X superior ganglion" RELATED [VHOG:0000686]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011213
name: root of vagus nerve
comment: FMA distinguishes between roots and rootlets - we mix the two here
synonym: "rX" BROAD  [ZFA:0007011]
synonym: "vagus root" EXACT  [ZFA:0007011]
synonym: "vagus neural rootlet" RELATED  [FMA:6213]
synonym: "vagus nerve root" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1456]
synonym: "rootlet of vagus nerve" EXACT [FMA:6213]
synonym: "vagal root" EXACT [ZFA:0007011]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006843 ! root of cranial nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001759 ! vagus nerve
xref: FMA:6213 ! rootlet of vagus nerve
xref: ZFA:0007011 ! vagal root
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1456 ! Vagus nerve root
def: "A root of cranial nerve that is part of a vagus nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001760
name: frontal sinus
def: "The frontal sinus occupies the dorsal part of the skull medial to the orbit. It overlaps cranial and nasal cavities and is often referred to as the conchofrontal sinus. ." [MURDOCH:753, Wikipedia:Frontal_sinus]
comment: Taxon notes: A unique feature in the horse is that the frontal sinus communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus via the frontomaxillary opening[MURDOCh]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cavity of frontal bone" EXACT [FMA:57417]
xref: FMA:57417 ! Frontal sinus
xref: GAID:357 ! frontal sinus
xref: MA:0001793 ! frontal sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Frontal_Sinus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqMUR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! frontal sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nnh_front.svg/200px-Nnh_front.svg.png
xref: MESH:A04.531.621.387 ! frontal sinus
is_a: UBERON:0001825 {source="MA"} ! paranasal sinus
xref: SCTID:181205008 ! Entire frontal sinus
synonym: "sinus frontales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontal_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Nnh_front.svg
xref: UMLS:C0016734

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001761
name: foramen caecum of thyroid
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "foramen caecum" BROAD [MA:0000725]
xref: EHDAA:2150 ! foramen caecum
xref: EHDAA:2977 ! foramen caecum
xref: VHOG:0000826 ! foramen caecum
xref: MA:0000725 ! foramen caecum
xref: EHDAA2:0000550 ! foramen caecum
xref: EMAPA:17069 ! foramen caecum of thyroid of gland of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18828 ! foramen caecum of thyroid of gland of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
property_value: external_definition "A thickened and indented region in the midline in the floor of the rostral part of the pharyngeal region of the foregut, located between the second and third branchial arches that is the first indication of the thyroid primordium. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.132][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000826", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006699
name: foramen caecum of tongue
def: "The dorsum of the tongue is convex and marked by a median sulcus, which divides it into symmetrical halves; this sulcus ends behind, about 2.5 cm from the root of the organ, in a depression, the foramen cecum, from which a shallow groove, the sulcus terminalis, runs lateral and anterior on either side to the margin of the tongue. The foramen cecum is the point of attachment of the thyroglossal duct and is formed during the embryological descent of the thyroid gland." [Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28tongue%29]
comment: consider merging with FC of thyroid
synonym: "foramen cecum of tongue" EXACT [FMA:54828]
synonym: "foramen of morgagni" EXACT [FMA:54828]
synonym: "morand's foramen" EXACT [FMA:54828]
xref: FMA:54828 ! foramen caecum of tongue
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006713 ! foramen cecum of frontal bone
xref: SCTID:368738001 ! Entire foramen cecum of tongue
synonym: "f. caecum linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28tongue%29]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Foramen_caecum.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006713 ! foramen cecum of frontal bone
name: foramen cecum of frontal bone
def: "The frontal crest of the frontal bone ends below in a small notch which is converted into a foramen, the foramen cecum, by articulation with the ethmoid. This foramen varies in size in different subjects, and is frequently impervious; when open, it transmits a vein from the nose to the superior sagittal sinus. This has clinical importance in that infections of the nose and nearby areas can be transmitted to the meninges and brain from what is known as the danger triangle of the face." [Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28frontal_bone%29]
comment: todo - check if this is what the FMA ID really denotes
xref: FMA:57443 ! Foramen caecum
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
synonym: "f. caecum ossis frontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28frontal_bone%29]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Gray135.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000130
name: transverse foramen
def: "Foramen that pierces the transverse processes of the seven cervical vertebrae. In the upper six vertebrae, the foramen gives passage to the vertebral artery, vertebral vein, and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The seventh foramen lacks the artery, but contains the vein and sympathetic nerves." [Wikipedia:Transverse_foramen]
is_a: UBERON:0004111 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001077 ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
synonym: "foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:23998]
synonym: "transverse foramen of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:23997]
synonym: "foramen transversarium" EXACT [Wikipedia:Transverse_foramen]
xref: FMA:23997 ! transverse foramen of cervical vertebra
xref: SCTID:280735005 ! Foramen transversarium
synonym: "foramen transversarium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_foramen]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Gray84.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008426
name: transverse foramen of atlas
synonym: "foramen transversarium of atlas" EXACT  [FMA:23998]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000130 ! transverse foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! atlas
xref: FMA:23998 ! transverse foramen of atlas
xref: SCTID:281220001 ! Entire transverse foramen of atlas
def: "A transverse foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008427
name: transverse foramen of axis
synonym: "foramen transversarium of axis" EXACT  [FMA:23999]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000130 ! transverse foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! cervical vertebra 2
xref: FMA:23999 ! transverse foramen of axis
xref: SCTID:281221002 ! Foramen transversarium of axis
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001093 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! cervical vertebra 2
def: "A transverse foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
name: zone of bone organ
synonym: "bone organ zone" EXACT [FMA:10483]
xref: FMA:10483 ! zone of bone organ
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006203
name: conchal part of pinna
synonym: "concha" BROAD [FMA:61006]
synonym: "concha of auricle" EXACT [FMA:61006]
synonym: "concha of pinna" EXACT [FMA:61006]
xref: FMA:61006 ! conchal part of pinna
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001762 ! nasal concha
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 ! pinna
synonym: "concha auriculae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61006]
xref: ncithesaurus:Concha ! Concha
xref: UMLS:C0229316

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001762 ! nasal concha
name: nasal concha
def: "In anatomy, a nasal concha (or turbinate) is a long, narrow and curled bone shelf (shaped like an elongated sea-shell) which protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose. Turbinate bone refers to any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in vertebrates. In humans, the turbinates divide the nasal airway into three groove-like air passages –and are responsible for forcing inhaled air to flow in a steady, regular pattern around the largest possible surface of cilia and climate controlling tissue. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_concha]
comment: Note that FMA considers nasal concha and nasal concha of ethmoid bone to be synonymous. We disambiguate these here // Turbinals are only ossified in birds and derived synapsids.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "concha" RELATED [EMAPA:25093]
synonym: "turbinate bone" EXACT [EMAPA:25093]
synonym: "nasal turbinate" EXACT []
synonym: "turbinate" EXACT []
synonym: "turbinal" EXACT [palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html]
xref: GAID:224 ! turbinate
xref: MA:0000286 ! nasal turbinate
xref: EMAPA:25093 ! turbinate bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv07bVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Turbinate ! Nasal Turbinate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray153.png/200px-Gray153.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.948 ! turbinate
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011241 {source="Kardong"} ! ethmoid region
xref: EHDAA2:0004101 ! nasal conchae
xref: SCTID:361931007 ! Entire nasal turbinate
synonym: "conchae nasales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasal_concha]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray153.png
xref: UMLS:C1266928

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003973 ! nasal concha of ethmoid bone
name: nasal concha of ethmoid bone
def: "One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals[MP]. The ethmoturbinals are associated with the cribiform plate.  They are covered with olfactory epithelium.  Primarily, they serve to increase the surface area over which olfactory receptor neurons can come in contact with respiratory air.  These olfactory receptor nerves then synapse with the mitral cells of the olfactory lobes through the cribiform plate in the manner described above[Palaeos]" [MP:0008971, palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html]
comment: Note that FMA considers nasal concha and nasal concha of ethmoid bone to be synonymous. We disambiguate these here
synonym: "ethmo-turbinate" EXACT []
synonym: "ethmoturbinal" EXACT [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html]
synonym: "ethmoturbinate" EXACT [MP:0008971]
synonym: "nasal turbinate of ethmoid bone" EXACT []
synonym: "turbinate of ethmoid bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:57456 ! Nasal concha
intersection_of: UBERON:0001762 ! nasal concha
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001679 ! ethmoid
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006332 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! nasal capsule
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 {source="MP:0008971"} ! Tetrapoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010889
name: ectethmoid
def: "either of two lateral parts of the ethmoid bone that form part of the anterior wall of the orbit " [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/ectethmoid]
synonym: "dorsal nasal capsule" EXACT [PMID:21270050]
comment: Taxon notes: In avians, the mesethmoid supports upper beak formation
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001679 ! ethmoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005919
name: supreme nasal concha
def: "a thin bony plate occasionally found projecting from the inner wall of the ethmoid labyrinth, above the bony superior nasal concha, and the mucous membrane covering the plate." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/supreme+nasal+concha]
synonym: "highest nasal concha" EXACT [FMA:57457]
synonym: "supreme nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57457]
synonym: "supreme turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57457]
xref: FMA:57457 ! supreme nasal concha
is_a: UBERON:0003973 ! nasal concha of ethmoid bone
synonym: "concha nasi suprema" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:57457]
xref: SCTID:361935003 ! Entire supreme nasal turbinate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005920
name: superior nasal concha
def: "The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. The bone found in superior nasal concha is part of the ethmoid bone." [Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "superior concha" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "superior nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57458]
synonym: "superior turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57458]
xref: FMA:57458 ! superior nasal concha
is_a: UBERON:0003973 ! nasal concha of ethmoid bone
xref: SCTID:361934004 ! Entire superior nasal turbinate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray151.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005921
name: middle nasal concha
def: "The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha." [Wikipedia:Middle_nasal_concha]
synonym: "middle concha" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_nasal_concha]
synonym: "middle nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57459]
synonym: "middle turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57459]
xref: FMA:57459 ! middle nasal concha
is_a: UBERON:0003973 ! nasal concha of ethmoid bone
xref: SCTID:361933005 ! Entire middle nasal turbinate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray151.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005922 ! inferior nasal concha
name: inferior nasal concha
def: "The inferior nasal concha (Inferior Turbinated Bone) is one of the turbinates in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. 1] and consists of a of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. Each inferior nasal concha is considered a facial pair of bones since they arise from the maxillae bones and projects horizontally into the nasal cavity. They are also termed 'inferior nasal turbinates' because they function similar to that of a turbine. As the air passes through the turbinates, the air is churned against these mucosa-lined bones in order to receive warmth, moisture and cleansing. Superior to inferior nasal concha are the middle nasal concha and superior nasal concha which arise from the cranial portion of the skull. Hence, these two are considered as a part of the cranial bones. It has two surfaces, two borders, and two extremities." [Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha]
comment: note that in FMA this is not classified with the other turbinates. In Uberon we subdivide the turbinates into the ethmoturbinates and the inferior turbinate. TODO: check ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha
synonym: "inferior concha" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "inferior turbinated" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "inferior nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54736]
synonym: "inferior nasal turbinate bone" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54736]
xref: FMA:54736 ! inferior nasal concha
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
is_a: UBERON:0001762 ! nasal concha
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006332 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! nasal capsule
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001682 {source="dbpedia"} ! palatine bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Turbinate ! Inferior Turbinate
xref: SCTID:361932000 ! Entire inferior nasal turbinate
xref: SCTID:362882006 ! Entire inferior nasal turbinate bone
synonym: "concha nasi inferior, concha nasalis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Gray192.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0225434

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005869 ! maxillary process of inferior nasal concha
name: maxillary process of inferior nasal concha
def: "From the lower border of the inferior nasal concha, a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus." [Wikipedia:Maxillary_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "maxilloturbinal" RELATED [palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/ethmoid.html]
synonym: "maxillary process of inferior concha" EXACT [FMA:54741]
synonym: "maxillary process of inferior nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54741]
synonym: "maxillary process of inferior turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54741]
synonym: "processus maxillaris (concha nasalis inferior)" EXACT [FMA:54741]
xref: FMA:54741 ! maxillary process of inferior nasal concha
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005922 ! inferior nasal concha
synonym: "processus maxillaris conchae nasalis inferioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54741]
synonym: "p. maxillaris conchae nasalis inferioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Maxillary_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Gray172.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005925
name: ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha
def: "Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus." [Wikipedia:Ethmoid_boneal_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "ethmoidal process of inferior concha" EXACT [FMA:54742]
synonym: "ethmoidal process of inferior nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54742]
synonym: "ethmoidal process of inferior turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54742]
synonym: "processus ethmoidalis (concha nasalis inferior)" EXACT [FMA:54742]
xref: FMA:54742 ! ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005922 ! inferior nasal concha
synonym: "processus ethmoidalis conchae nasalis inferioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54742]
synonym: "processus ethmoidalis conchae nasalis inferioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ethmoidal_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001764
name: maxillary sinus
def: "One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxilla, communicating with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity." [MESH:A04.531.621.578, Wikipedia:Maxillary_sinus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "antrum of Highmore" EXACT []
synonym: "highmore antrum" RELATED  [MESH:A04.531.621.578]
synonym: "maxillary antrum" RELATED  [MESH:A04.531.621.578]
xref: FMA:57715 ! Maxillary sinus
xref: GAID:358 ! maxillary sinus
xref: MA:0001794 ! maxillary sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Sinus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvp2ZWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! maxillary sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray1199.png/200px-Gray1199.png
xref: MESH:A04.531.621.578 ! maxillary sinus
is_a: UBERON:0001825 ! paranasal sinus
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: SCTID:181204007 ! Entire maxillary sinus
synonym: "sinus maxilliaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Maxillary_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Gray1199.png
xref: UMLS:C0024957

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006311 ! chamber of eyeball
name: chamber of eyeball
def: "Chamber of eyeball[FMA]" [FMA:58071]
synonym: "eyeball chamber" EXACT [FMA:58071]
synonym: "eye chamber" EXACT [MA:0002459]
xref: FMA:58071 ! chamber of eyeball
xref: MA:0002459 ! eye chamber
xref: BTO:0002085 ! chamber of the eye
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
xref: ncithesaurus:Chamber_of_the_Eye ! Chamber of the Eye
xref: SCTID:280540004 ! Chamber of eye
xref: UMLS:C0459556

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001766
name: anterior chamber of eyeball
def: "the fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium.[1] Aqueous humor is the fluid that fills the anterior chamber. Hyphema and glaucoma are two main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber. In glaucoma, blockage of the canal of Schlemm prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humor, resulting in accumulation of fluid, increased intraocular pressure, and eventually blindness." [Wikipedia:Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball]
comment: AO notes: space in EHDAA2 - consider adding Cavity of anterior chamber of eyeball
synonym: "anterior chamber" EXACT [HP:0000593, MP:0010709]
synonym: "anterior chamber of eye" EXACT []
synonym: "camera anterior" EXACT []
synonym: "eye anterior chamber" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58078 ! Anterior chamber of eyeball
xref: VHOG:0001431 ! eye anterior chamber
xref: MA:0000262 ! eye anterior chamber
xref: GAID:889 ! anterior chamber
xref: EHDAA:9033 ! anterior chamber
xref: EHDAA2:0000129 ! anterior chamber
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: BTO:0002084 ! anterior chamber of the eye
xref: EMAPA:18231 ! anterior chamber
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.067 ! anterior chamber
is_a: UBERON:0006311 {source="FMA"} ! chamber of eyeball
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001801 ! anterior segment of eyeball
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Chamber_of_the_Eye ! Anterior Chamber of the Eye
xref: SCTID:181160009 ! Entire anterior chamber of eye
synonym: "camera anterior bulbi oculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_chamber_of_eyeball]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "The part of the eyeball between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001431", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anterior+chamber", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0003151

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001767
name: posterior chamber of eyeball
def: "a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the lens, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the Iris but anterior to the lens." [Wikipedia:Posterior_chamber_of_eyeball]
comment: The posterior chamber should not be confused with vitreous chamber.
synonym: "camera posterior" EXACT []
synonym: "eye posterior chamber" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior chamber of eye" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58080 ! Posterior chamber of eyeball
xref: MA:0002460 ! eye posterior chamber
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvnYe8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! posterior chamber of eye
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray883.png/200px-Gray883.png
xref: BTO:0002086 ! posterior chamber of the eye
is_a: UBERON:0006311 ! chamber of eyeball
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001801 ! anterior segment of eyeball
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Chamber_of_the_Eye ! Posterior Chamber of the Eye
xref: SCTID:362504004 ! Entire posterior chamber of eye
synonym: "c. posterior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_chamber_of_eyeball]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png
xref: UMLS:C0229094

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001768
name: uvea
def: "pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]." [Wikipedia:Uvea]
comment: TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tunica vasculosa of eyeball" EXACT  [FMA:58103]
synonym: "uvea" EXACT  [FMA:58103]
synonym: "uveal tract" EXACT  [FMA:58103]
synonym: "pars iridica retinae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Uvea]
synonym: "tunica vasculatis oculi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Uvea]
synonym: "tunica vasculosa bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Uvea]
xref: FMA:58103 ! vascular layer of eyeball
xref: GAID:912 ! uvea
xref: MA:0002480 ! uvea
xref: ncithesaurus:Uvea ! Uvea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gray869.png/200px-Gray869.png
xref: MESH:A09.371.894 ! uvea
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001801 ! anterior segment of eyeball
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="doi:10.1177/0192623311409597"} ! Danio rerio
xref: SCTID:280648000 ! Entire uveal tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Gray869.png
synonym: "vascular layer of eyeball" RELATED [FMA:58103]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "uveal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0042160

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011892 ! anterior uvea
name: anterior uvea
def: "Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris." [MP:0005194]
synonym: "Haller tunica vascula" EXACT  [MP:0005194]
synonym: "tunica vasculosa bulbosa" EXACT  [MP:0005194]
synonym: "ciliary body and iris" RELATED  []
synonym: "ventral uveal tract" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior uveal tract" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior part of uveal tract" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior vascular layer of the eyeball" EXACT  []
synonym: "anterior vascular tunic of the eye" EXACT  []
synonym: "vasculosa oculi" RELATED  [MP:0005194]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="ZFA"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001768 {source="MP"} ! uvea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001801 ! anterior segment of eyeball
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001769 ! iris
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001775 ! ciliary body
xref: SCTID:280656002 ! Entire anterior part of uveal tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001769
name: iris
def: "a membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina. The iris consists of pigmented fibrovascular tissue known as a stroma. It is the most forward portion of the eye and the only one seen on superficial inspection. The stroma connects a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae) which open it. The back surface is covered by a heavily pigmented epithelial layer two cells thick (the iris pigment epithelium), but the front surface has no epithelium. The high pigment content blocks light from passing through the iris and restricts it to the pupil. The outer edge of the iris, known as the root, is attached to the sclera and the anterior ciliary body. The iris and ciliary body together are known as the anterior uvea. Just in front of the root of the iris is the region through which the aqueous humour constantly drains out of the eye, with the result that diseases of the iris often have important effects on intraocular pressure, and indirectly on vision. Depending on the amount of light, the iris makes the pupil larger or smaller." [Wikipedia:Iris_(anatomy)]
comment: Taxon notes: The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development - dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior uvea" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000653
xref: FMA:58235 ! Iris
xref: GAID:917 ! iris
xref: VHOG:0000101 ! iris
xref: MA:0000273 ! iris
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001238 ! iris
xref: XAO:0000185 ! iris
xref: ZFA:0001238 ! iris
xref: ncithesaurus:Iris ! Iris
xref: EMAPA:19154 ! iris
xref: MESH:A09.371.894.513 ! iris
xref: EV:0100345 ! iris
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011892 ! anterior uvea
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004128 {source="XAO"} ! optic vesicle
xref: AAO:0010347 ! iris
xref: SCTID:181164000 ! Entire iris
synonym: "irises" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000101]
property_value: external_definition "The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000101", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000101", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: EFO:0004245 ! iris
xref: UMLS:C0022077

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004118
name: vasculature of iris
def: "A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris vasculature" EXACT []
synonym: "iris vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris blood vessels" EXACT [ZFA:0005568]
xref: ZFA:0005568 ! iris blood vessels (also: UBERON:0003511 'iris blood vessel')
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001775
name: ciliary body
def: "circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes." [Wikipedia:Ciliary_body]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ocular ciliary body" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior uvea" RELATED []
synonym: "corpus ciliare" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ciliary_body]
xref: BTO:0000260
xref: FMA:58295 ! Ciliary body
xref: GAID:916 ! ciliary body
xref: VHOG:0000102 ! ciliary body
xref: MA:0000264 ! ciliary body
xref: ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Body
xref: XAO:0000186 ! ciliary body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:19065 ! ciliary body
xref: MESH:A09.371.894.280 ! ciliary body
xref: EV:0100346 ! ciliary body
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011892 ! anterior uvea
xref: AAO:0010341 ! ciliary body
xref: SCTID:263340007 ! Entire ciliary body
synonym: "corpus ciliare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ciliary_body]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
synonym: "ciliary bodies" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000102]
property_value: homology_notes "The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000102", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0008779

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011221
name: ora serrata of retina
def: "The ora serrata is the serrated junction between the retina and the ciliary body. This junction marks the transition from the simple non-photosensitive area of the retina to the complex, multi-layered photosensitive region. In animals in which the region does not have a serrated appearance, it is called the ora ciliaris retinae." [Wikipedia:Ora_serrata]
synonym: "ora ciliaris retina" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ora_serrata]
synonym: "ora ciliaris retinae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ora_serrata]
synonym: "ora serrata retinae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ora serrata" EXACT [FMA:58600]
is_a: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
relationship: connects UBERON:0000966 ! retina
relationship: connects UBERON:0001775 ! ciliary body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001766 ! anterior chamber of eyeball
xref: FMA:58600 ! ora serrata
xref: SCTID:280612002 ! Entire ora serrata of retina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004868
name: tapetum lucidum
namespace: uberon
def: "a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrate animals, that lies immediately behind or sometimes within the retina. It reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors" [Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum, PMID:14738502]
comment: Function notes: It normally functions at low light levels to provide the light-sensitive retinal cells with a second opportunity for photon-photoreceptor stimulation, thereby enhancing visual sensitivity
synonym: "tapis luisant@fr" EXACT []
synonym: "tapeta lucida" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010230 ! eyeball of camera-type eye
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9443 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Primates
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Aves
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9822 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Sus
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9321 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Macropus rufus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG
property_value: external_definition "The tapetum lucidum is a biologic reflector system that is a common feature in the eyes of vertebrates. Typically absent in diurnal animals. In vertebrates, the tapetum lucidum exhibits diverse structure, organization and composition. The tapetum lucidum represents a remarkable example of neural cell and tissue specialization as an adaptation to a dim light environment and, despite these differences, all tapetal variants act to increase retinal sensitivity by reflecting light back through the photoreceptor layer. These variations regarding both its location and structure, as well as the choice of reflective material, may represent selective visual adaptations associated with their feeding behavior, in response to the use of specific wavelengths and amount of reflectance required.[PMID:14738502]." xsd:string {source="PMID:14738502"}
property_value: taxon_notes "Two morphologic types of tapetum lucidum can be observed in the eyes of fish: one in the choroid that occurs in elasmobranchs, and the other which occurs in teleosts and lies in the pigment epithelium of the retina" xsd:string {source="PMID:14738502"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "tapetal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010244
name: choroid tapetum lucidum
def: "A tapetum lucidum that is part of the choroid. The choroidal tapetum lucidum lies immediately adjacent to the choriocapillaris and external to the retinal epithelium" [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification, PMID:14738502]
comment: AO notes: we make the assumption that the BTO class belongs here rather than with the parent; the other type is the retinal type
synonym: "tapetum choroideae" EXACT [BTO:0001828]
synonym: "choroidal tapetum lucidum" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0004868 ! tapetum lucidum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001776 ! optic choroid
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000966 ! retina
xref: BTO:0001828 ! tapetum lucidum
xref: SCTID:3034006 ! Tapetum lucidum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010245
name: retinal tapetum lucidum
def: "A tapetum lucidum that is part of the retina, within the cytoplasm of the retinal epithelium" [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification, PMID:14738502]
comment: Taxon notes: as seen in teleosts, crocodiles, marsupials and fruit bats[WP]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004868 ! tapetum lucidum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8493 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Crocodylidae 
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9263 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Metatheria
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Teleostei
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:30559 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Megachiroptera
property_value: taxon_notes "Retinal tapeta lucida are common in fish and some reptiles, but rarely occur in mammals. In most of these species the retinal tapetum can be classified as either a lipid (in some teleosts, mammals) or guanine type (in some teleosts, reptiles). Another differentiation can be made among the retinal tapeta lucida based on whether the tapetum is occlusible (found in most of teleosts), or nonocclusible (or static) (found in mammals)" xsd:string {source="PMID:14738502"}
property_value: taxon_notes "the tapetum lucidum is an integral part of the pigment epithelium in primitive teleosts (lying in the pro- cesses of the pigmented epithelial cells). It can vary in chemical nature. " xsd:string {source="PMID:14738502", taxon="NCBITaxon:32443"}
property_value: taxon_notes "In crocodilians, a semicircular area of the retinal epithelium in the superior fundus shows a fair sulfur yellow coloration and is specialized as a tapetum lucidum. " xsd:string {source="PMID:14738502", taxon="NCBITaxon:8493"}
property_value: taxon_notes "In the tapetal area, no melanosomes are formed indicating a nonocclusible tapetum in the Caiman sclerops. " xsd:string {source="PMID:14738502", taxon="NCBITaxon:8499"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010246
name: choroidal guanine tapetum
def: "A choroid tapetum lucidum that is made of a palisade of cells containing stacks of flat hexagonal crystals of guanine" [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification, PMID:14738502]
comment: Taxon notes: elasmobranchii (skates, rays, and sharks) and chimaeras[WP]
is_a: UBERON:0010244 ! choroid tapetum lucidum
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7778 ! Elasmobranchii
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7778 ! Elasmobranchii
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7864 ! Chimaeriformes
property_value: taxon_notes "The elasmobranch tapetum in Squalus and Scyliorhinus con- sists of sheets of 12–13 superposed guanine crystals in the choroid." xsd:string {source="PMID:14738502", taxon="NCBITaxon:7778"}
property_value: taxon_notes "A choroidal tapetum of reflecting cells lying immediately outside the choriocapillaris is formed in a few primitive teleosts." xsd:string {source="PMID:14738502", taxon="NCBITaxon:32443"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010247
name: choroidal tapetum cellulosum
def: "A choroid tapetum lucidum that consists of layers of cells containing organized, highly refractive crystals. These crystals are diverse in shape and makeup" [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification, PMID:14738502]
comment: The choroidal stroma adjacent to the tapetum lucidum contains numerous small blood vessels that penetrate the tapetal layer to form a single-layered capillary network, known as the choriocapillaris, on the surface of the tapetum. The tapetum cellulosum is thus interposed between the large branching vessels in the choroid and the single layer of the choriocapillaris beneath the retinal epithelium[PMID:14738502]
synonym: "choroid tapetum cellulosum" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0010244 ! choroid tapetum lucidum
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9347 ! Eutheria
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Cetacea
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9989 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm", taxon="spotted cavy"} ! Rodentia
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:33554 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm", notes="most carnivores"} ! Carnivora

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010248
name: choroidal tapetum fibrosum
def: "A choroid tapetum lucidum that is an array of extracellular fibers." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Tapetum_lucidum#Classification, PMID:14738502]
comment: Taxon notes: cows, sheep, goats and horses[WP]
synonym: "fibrous tapetum" RELATED [NCBITaxon:9845, PMID:14738502]
is_a: UBERON:0010244 ! choroid tapetum lucidum
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9347 ! Eutheria
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9788 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Equidae
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9845 {source="PMID:14738502", editor="cjm"} ! Ruminantia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013397
name: stratum argenteum of choroid
def: "A silver reflective layer in the outer choroid, adjacent to the sclera, frequently present in fish larvae but not as frequent in adults. In species known to have a stratum argenteum as adults, like the toadfish (Toad- fishes), the tapetum lucidum is absent or vestigial and there is little choroidal melanin." [PMID:14738502]
synonym: "choroid stratum argenteum" EXACT  []
synonym: "stratum argenteum" BROAD  [PMID:14738502]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001776 ! optic choroid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001771
name: pupil
def: "sphere that is located in the center of the iris of the eye and that controls the amount of light that enters the eye." [Wikipedia:Pupil]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:58252 ! Pupil
xref: GAID:918 ! pupil
xref: VHOG:0000116 ! pupil
xref: MA:0001292 ! pupil
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001283 ! pupil
xref: XAO:0000283 ! pupil
xref: ZFA:0001283 ! pupil
xref: ncithesaurus:Pupil ! Pupil
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pupil
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Eye_iris.jpg/200px-Eye_iris.jpg
xref: MESH:A09.371.894.513.780 ! pupil
is_a: UBERON:0000464 {source="AAO", source="FMA"} ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris
xref: AAO:0010351 ! pupil
xref: SCTID:35146001 ! Entire pupil
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Eye_iris.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The circular orifice in the centre of the iris, through which light enters into the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000116", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000116", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0034121

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001772
name: corneal epithelium
def: "The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea. It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium]
comment: Taxon notes: In zebrafish: nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman’s membrane in mammals
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior corneal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelium anterius (cornea)" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelium of cornea" EXACT []
synonym: "external epithelium of cornea" EXACT []
synonym: "cornea epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cornea epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of cornea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior endothelium of cornea" RELATED [BTO:0000287]
synonym: "endothelium anterius corneae" RELATED [BTO:0000287]
synonym: "endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi" RELATED [BTO:0000287]
synonym: "endothelium corneale" RELATED [BTO:0000287]
synonym: "epithelium posterius corneae" RELATED [BTO:0000287]
xref: BTO:0000287
xref: FMA:58263 ! Corneal epithelium
xref: GAID:895 ! corneal epithelium
xref: MA:0001243 ! corneal epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001683 ! corneal epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Corneal_Epithelium ! Corneal Epithelium
xref: EFO:0001917 ! corneal epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray871.png/200px-Gray871.png
xref: EMAPA:17162 ! epithelium of cornea
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.217.325 ! corneal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000488 {source="FMA"} ! atypical epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
synonym: "epithelium anterius corneae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:58263]
xref: SCTID:15775008 ! Structure of corneal epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000319 ! cornea surface epithelium
xref: TAO:0002187 ! corneal epithelium
synonym: "e. anterius corneae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002187", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3"}
xref: UMLS:C0459875

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010291
name: layer of sclera
def: "." [Wikipedia:Sclera#Histology]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001773 {source="cjm"} ! sclera

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010292
name: episcleral layer of eyeball
def: "The episclera is the outermost layer of the sclera. It is composed of loose, fibrous, elastic tissue and attaches to Tenon's capsule. A vascular plexus is found between the conjunctiva and the sclera consisting of two layers of vessels, the superficial episcleral vessels and the deep episcleral vessels." [Wikipedia:Episcleral_layer]
synonym: "episclera" EXACT  [FMA:58362]
synonym: "episcleral layer" EXACT  [FMA:58362]
is_a: UBERON:0010291 {source="Wikipedia"} ! layer of sclera
xref: FMA:58362 ! episcleral layer of eyeball
xref: ncithesaurus:Episclera ! episclera
synonym: "lamina episcleralis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Episcleral_layer]
xref: SCTID:368850003 ! Entire lamina episcleralis
xref: UMLS:C0229109

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010293
name: suprachoroid lamina
def: "On the external surface of the sclera is a thin membrane, the suprachoroid lamina, composed of delicate non-vascular lamellaebeach lamella consisting of a net-work of fine elastic fibers among which are branched pigment cells. The spaces between the lamellC& are lined by endothelium, and open freely into the perichoroidal lymph space, which, in its turn, communicates with the periscleral space by the perforations in the sclera through which the vessels and nerves are transmitted." [Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina]
synonym: "fusca sclerae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina]
synonym: "lamina fusca of sclera" EXACT  [FMA:58368]
synonym: "lamina fusca sclerae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "suprachoroid lamina of sclera" EXACT  [FMA:58368]
synonym: "lamina fusca sclerae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina]
synonym: "lamina fusca scletae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina]
synonym: "lamina suprachorioidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina]
synonym: "lamina suprachoroidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina]
is_a: UBERON:0010291 {source="Wikipedia"} ! layer of sclera
xref: FMA:58368 ! suprachoroid lamina
synonym: "lamina suprachorioidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Suprachoroid_lamina]
xref: SCTID:280607003 ! Entire lamina fusca of sclera

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010321
name: skeletal element of eye region
synonym: "eye skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "ocular skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal element of ocular region" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004088 ! ocular region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="PMID:16496288"} ! neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
def: "A skeletal element that is part of a ocular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010326
name: optic pedicel
def: "permanent cartilage structure projecting from the site of origin of the recti muscles. Supports eyeball and aids rotation." [ISBN10:071676959X, PMID:16496288]
synonym: "eye stalk" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! cartilaginous elemenet of chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004088 ! ocular region
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7777 {source="PMID:16496288"} ! Chondrichthyes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010294
name: scleral endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0010291 {source="Wikipedia"} ! layer of sclera
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001773 ! sclera
def: "An endothelium that is part of a sclera." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010295
name: substantia propria of sclera
synonym: "scleral stroma" EXACT  [FMA:58365]
synonym: "stroma of sclera" EXACT  [FMA:58365]
synonym: "subsantia propria sclerae" EXACT  [FMA:58365]
synonym: "subsantia propria" BROAD  []
is_a: UBERON:0010291 {source="Wikipedia"} ! layer of sclera
intersection_of: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001773 ! sclera
xref: FMA:58365 ! substantia propria of sclera
xref: ncithesaurus:Substantia_Propria ! substantia propria
xref: SCTID:368851004 ! Entire substantia propria of sclera
def: "A stroma that is part of a sclera." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1704397

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004017
name: periocular mesenchyme
def: "the mesenchymal cells that give rise to the corneal endothelium, corneal stroma, sclera, iris stroma, ciliary muscle, ciliary stroma, and trabecular meshwork of the eye[MP]." [MP:0004054, PMID:3709965]
comment: AO notes: Check XAO once it has a definition. Taxon notes: Periocular mesenchyme (PM) is a mesencephalic neural crest derived cell population which as a result of an interaction with the retinal pigment epithelium forms the scleral cartilage of the avian eye[PMID:3709965]
xref: ZFA:0005572 ! periocular mesenchyme
xref: XAO:0004089 ! periocular region
synonym: "periocular mesenchyme" RELATED  [XAO:0004089]
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010312 ! immature eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010296 ! scleral skeletal element
name: scleral skeletal element
comment: An eye adnexal structure, but not necessarily part of the eyeball
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="PMID:17051547"} ! Mammalia
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 {source="PMID:17051547"} ! Gnathostomata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007804
name: sclerotic ring
def: "Sclerotic rings are rings of bone found in the eyes of several groups of vertebrate animals, except for mammals and crocodilians. They can be made up of single bones or small bones together. They are believed to have a role in supporting the eye, especially in animals whose eyes are not spherical, or which live underwater. Fossil sclerotic rings are known for a variety of extinct animals, including ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs, but are often not preserved[WP]." [Wikipedia:Sclerotic_ring]
synonym: "scleral ring" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sclerotic_ring]
is_a: UBERON:0010290 {source="PMID:17051547"} ! scleral ossicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbital region
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010289
name: scleral cartilage
def: "Circular cartilage ringing the posterior portion of the eye in the sclera. Supports the eye." [http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=scleral+cartilage]
comment: Taxon notes: May be calcified in chondrichthyans. Tetrapods without this element (e.g., snakes and mammals) have a collagenous sclera.  May not be homologous - see PMID:17051547. cup-shaped in birds. Present in monotremes. Editor notes: consider distinguishing cup from predecessor of ossicle. Hall: The scleral cartilaginous cup is a distinctly sepa- rate element composed of hyaline cartilage. Editors notes: relationship to sclera - overlaps?
synonym: "scleral cartilaginous cup" NARROW SENSU [PMID:17051547]
synonym: "sclerotic cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001509]
synonym: "scleral cartilage element" EXACT [PMID:17051547]
xref: TAO:0001509 ! sclerotic cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003932 {source="ZFA"} ! cartilaginous elemenet of chondrocranium
is_a: UBERON:0010296 ! scleral skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001773 {source="cjm"} ! sclera
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="PMID:17051547 - ossicles"} ! neural crest
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0001782 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9031", notes="Gallus gallus", source="PMID:17051547"} ! pigmented layer of retina
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32525 {source="PMID:17051547 - but present in monotremes"} ! Theria
xref: ZFA:0001509 ! sclerotic cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Bilaterally paired thin continuous band of cartilage that sagitally encircles the eye.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001509", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010290 ! scleral ossicle
name: scleral ossicle
def: "A bony plate around the eyes, are situated at the corneal-scleral limbus. They do not articulate with other elements of the skull. Typically, the scleral ossicles overlap the rim of a cup of scleral cartilage that supports the eyeball. Situated near the equator of the eye and may slightly overlap the rim of scleral cartilage." [PMID:17051547]
comment: Taxon notes: The distribution of scleral ossicles and scleral cartilage among verte- brate taxa is not the same. Some taxa (e.g., birds) have both elements; some only have one element (e.g., crocodiles only have a scleral cartilage); while others (e.g., snakes) have neither element (Walls, 1942) number of ossicles making up the sclerotic ring as well as the shape of both the individual plates and the sclerotic ring is variable among tetrapod taxa.... It is therefore extremely likely that scleral skeletal elements (ossicles and cartilage) of all rep- tiles (including birds) are homologous (but cannot be assumed for reptiles and teleosts). Function notes: The function of these elements is to support the eye from within the sclera; scleral ossicles play an additional important role during accommodation in terrestrial vertebrates (Lemmrich, 1931; Walls, 1942; King and McLelland, 1984). 
synonym: "sclerotic bone" EXACT [ZFA:0001411]
synonym: "scleral ossicle" EXACT [PMID:17051547]
synonym: "sclerotic ossicle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0010296 ! scleral skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 {source="ZFA"} ! orbital region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7777 {source="PMID:17051547 Walls 1942"} ! Chondrichthyes
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7878 {source="PMID:17051547 Kemp 1999"} ! Dipnoi
xref: SCTID:45632000 ! Scleral ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010297
name: endochondral scleral ossicle
comment: Taxon notes: The scleral ossicles [of teleosts] are reported to form indirectly by endochondral (Hall and Miyake, 1992) or by perichondral ossification (Patterson, 1977) from a cartilage element that is also present in the sclera. This is unlike the scleral ossicles of reptiles, which develop directly from ectomesenchyme (i.e., intramembranous ossification) and independently from the scleral cartilage[PMID:17051547]
is_a: UBERON:0010290 ! scleral ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="ZFA"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="ZFA"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010289 {source="ZFA"} ! scleral cartilage
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda
xref: ZFA:0001411 ! sclerotic bone
xref: TAO:0001411 ! sclerotic bone
property_value: external_definition "A pair of small dish-shaped bones that cap the anterior and posterior margin of the eyeball.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001411", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010298 ! intramembranous scleral ossicle
name: intramembranous scleral ossicle
comment: Development notes: The scleral ossicles [in reptiles] are of dermal (neural crest) origin, develop intramembranously within the scleral mesenchyme, and are induced to form by overlying (transient) epithelial scleral papillae (Nelson, 1942; Murray, 1943; Fyfe and Hall, 1981, 1983; Hall, 1981, 2005; Pinto and Hall, 1991)
is_a: UBERON:0010290 ! scleral ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="PMID:11237469"} ! intramembranous bone
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0010300 {source="PMID:16496288"} ! epithelial scleral papilla layer
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0010299 ! scleral mesenchyme
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 ! Teleostei

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010311
name: scleral sesamoid bone
def: "A sesamoid bone that lies adjacent to the tendon of one of the muscles responsible for adducting the nictitating membrane (the pyramidal nictitating muscle) " [PMID:16496288]
comment: Structure notes: During contraction, the scleral sesamoid bone acts to anchor the pyramidal nictitating muscle to the sclera and divert the tendon from pro- jecting over the cornea. It remains to be determined whether this is indeed a true sesamoid (sensu; Vickaryous and Olson, 2006), as the scleral sesa- moid is actually invested within the synovial tendon sheath and not the tendon per se
synonym: "sesamoideum esclerae" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
synonym: "scleral sesamoid" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
synonym: "scleral sesamoid element" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0010290 ! scleral ossicle
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:30458 ! Strigiformes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010308
name: os opticus
def: "Scleral element located at the posterior pole of the scleral cartilage surrounding the foramen through which the optic nerve fibers pass. the internal architecture of this bone reveals a cancellous marrow cavity with fatty tissue." [PMID:16496288]
comment: Taxon notes: At present, it has been documented in 219 species from 35 families, including perching birds, woodpeckers, hummingbirds, toucans, kingfishers, and falcons (Tiemeier, 1950). Morphologically, this element varies in shape from a complete encircling element in some woodpeckers (e.g., Melanerpes eryth- rocephalus) to an abbreviated arc in Gallus
is_a: UBERON:0010298 ! intramembranous scleral ossicle
synonym: "os nervi optici" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
synonym: "Gemminger's ossicle" EXACT [PMID:16496288]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010299 ! scleral mesenchyme
name: scleral mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera." [PMID:16496288, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Development notes: The mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup differentiates into the sclera, the dense fibrous coat of the eye.. PMID:16496288
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010300 ! epithelial scleral papilla layer
name: epithelial scleral papilla layer
synonym: "scleral papillae" EXACT []
comment: Development notes: The scleral ossicles are of dermal (neural crest) origin, develop intramembranously within the scleral mesenchyme, and are induced to form by overlying (transient) epithelial scleral papillae (Nelson, 1942; Murray, 1943; Fyfe and Hall, 1981, 1983; Hall, 1981, 2005; Pinto and Hall, 1991). Taxon notes: Scleral papillae (which induce scleral ossicles in birds) have not been reported in teleosts, but evidence for their presence may not have been sought
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0010299 ! scleral mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001773
name: sclera
def: "Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]." [Wikipedia:Sclera, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-050701-15]
comment: Development notes: Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson]. Taxon notes: Multi-tissue structure that composes the opaque fibrous outer layer of the eye[ZFA] Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709 and identify this as connective tissue. Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. Structure notes: continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. Taxon notes: in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal
synonym: "scleral capsule" RELATED []
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:58269 ! Sclera
xref: GAID:911 ! sclera
xref: VHOG:0001274 ! sclera
xref: MA:0000280 ! sclera
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7yR55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000183 ! sclera
xref: ncithesaurus:Sclera ! Sclera
xref: BTO:0001606 ! sclera
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7yR55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sclera
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:19027 ! sclera
xref: MESH:A09.371.784 ! sclera
xref: ZFA:0005563 ! sclera
xref: EV:0100342 ! sclera
xref: ncithesaurus:Sclera ! sclera
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012430 {source="FMA"} ! tunica fibrosa of eyeball
relationship: has_part CL:0000347 {source="ZFA"} ! scleral cell
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Wikipedia"} ! neural crest
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000926 {source="cjm"} ! mesoderm
xref: AAO:0010354 ! sclera
xref: SCTID:181163006 ! Entire sclera
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001274", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sclera", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "scleral" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0036410
property_value: external_definition "The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Sclera"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001774
name: muscle of trunk
def: "Muscle organ which is a part of the trunk. Examples: external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani." []
comment: TODO - check muscle organ vs musculature
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "trunk muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "trunk musculature" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "body musculature" EXACT [ZFA:0000473]
xref: XAO:0003230 ! trunk musculature
xref: ZFA:0000473 ! trunk musculature
xref: AAO:0000611 ! trunk_muscles
xref: FMA:58274 ! Muscle of trunk
xref: MA:0000514 ! trunk muscle
xref: EFO:0003531 ! trunk musculature (also: UBERON:0004479 'musculature of trunk')
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: TAO:0000473 ! trunk musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001777
name: substantia propria of cornea
def: "The substantia propria (or stroma of cornea) is fibrous, tough, unyielding, and perfectly transparent. It is composed of about 200 flattened lamellæ (plates of collagen fibrils), superimposed one on another. They are each about 1.5-2.5 micrometres in thickness. These fibrils run at different angles between the limbi. Fibres of the layers frequently interweave, the anterior lamellæ interweaving more than posterior lamellæ. The fibres of each lamella are parallel with one another, but at right angles to those of adjacent lamellæ. The lamellæ are produced by keratocytes (corneal corpuscles), which occupy about 10% of the substantia propria. These lamellæ are made up of bundles of modified connective tissue, the fibres of which are directly continuous with those of the sclera. More collagen fibres run in a temporal-nasal direction than run in the superior-inferior direction. This is often ignored by corneal transplant surgeons, leading to poor corneal mechanical strength in corneal transplant patients. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Corneal_stroma]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cornea stroma" EXACT []
synonym: "corneal stroma" EXACT []
synonym: "stroma of cornea" EXACT []
synonym: "substantia propria" RELATED []
xref: FMA:58306 ! Substantia propria of cornea
xref: GAID:893 ! corneal stroma
xref: MA:0001245 ! corneal stroma
xref: ZFA:0001685 ! corneal stroma
xref: ncithesaurus:Corneal_Stroma ! Corneal Stroma
xref: EFO:0002514 ! corneal stroma
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray871.png/200px-Gray871.png
xref: EMAPA:17602 ! stroma
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.217.228 ! corneal stroma
intersection_of: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
xref: SCTID:362511000 ! Entire substantia propria of cornea
xref: TAO:0002189 ! corneal stroma
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that is located basal to Bowman's layer and distal to Descemet's membrane and is comprised largely of connective tissue.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002189", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: develops_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002189", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: has_developmental_contribution_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002189", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
xref: UMLS:C0010040

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001779
name: iris stroma
def: "the delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/stroma-of-iris.html, Wikipedia:Iris_stroma]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "iridial stroma" EXACT []
synonym: "stroma of iris" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58526 ! Stroma of iris
xref: MA:0002777 ! iris stroma
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray883.png/200px-Gray883.png
xref: ZFA:0005569 ! iris stroma
is_a: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris
xref: SCTID:280882008 ! Entire stroma of iris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006762
name: suspensory ligament of lens
def: "The zonule of Zinn (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) is a ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. The zonule of Zinn is split into two layers: a thin layer, which lines the hyaloid fossa, and a thicker layer, which is a collection of zonular fibers. Together, the fibers are known as the suspensory ligament of the lens[WP]. Modified or toughened vitreous that suspend the lens at the equator to the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary zone. In zebrafish, dorsal zonules are thickened as compared to ventral zonules. In both dorsal and ventral regions, these fibers delimit the vitreous body aqueous humor boundary[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ciliary zonule" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn]
synonym: "suspensory ligament of the lens" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn]
synonym: "zonula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn]
synonym: "zonula ciliaris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn]
synonym: "zonular fiber" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn]
synonym: "zonule" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn]
synonym: "ciliary zonule" EXACT [FMA:58838]
synonym: "Zinn's membrane" EXACT [FMA:58838]
synonym: "zonule of Zinn" EXACT [FMA:58838]
synonym: "zonules" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0005573]
xref: FMA:58838 ! suspensory ligament of lens
xref: ZFA:0005573 ! zonule
is_a: UBERON:0008841 {source="Obol"} ! suspensory ligament
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001797 {source="ZFA"} ! vitreous humor
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001775 ! ciliary body
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000965 ! lens
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="FMA"} ! camera-type eye
xref: SCTID:362524000 ! Entire suspensory ligament of lens
synonym: "zonula ciliaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006761
name: corneo-scleral junction
def: "The corneal limbus is the border of the cornea and the sclera (the white of the eye). The limbus is a common site for the occurrence of corneal epithelial neoplasm. Limbus contains radially oriented fibrovascular ridges known as the palisades of Vogt that may harbour a stem cell population[WP]. An annular transitional zone, approximately 1 mm wide, between the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva and sclera. It is highly vascular and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea. It is ophthalmologically significant in that it appears on the outer surface of the eyeball as a slight furrow, marking the line between the clear cornea and the sclera. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)[MeSH]" [Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus]
comment: This location has parts such as blood vessels etc. See PMC2868485, PMID:2695343
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "limbus corneae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus]
synonym: "corneal limbus" RELATED [GAID:896]
synonym: "corneoscleral junction" RELATED [GAID:896]
synonym: "corneal-scleral limbus" EXACT [PMID:17051547]
synonym: "sclerocorneal limbus" RELATED [GAID:896]
synonym: "corneal limbus" EXACT [FMA:58342]
synonym: "sclerocorneal junction" EXACT [FMA:58342]
xref: ZFA:0005570 ! corneo-scleral junction
xref: GAID:896 ! limbus corneae
xref: FMA:58342 ! corneoscleral junction
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.217.659 ! limbus corneae
xref: EFO:0001403 ! corneal limbus
intersection_of: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001773 ! sclera
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
xref: SCTID:63716004 ! Sclerocorneal junction
synonym: "limbus corneae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Corneal_limbus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Limbus.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001780
name: spinal nerve
def: "Neural tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the spinal cord. Examples: Fifth cervical spinal nerve, third lumbar spinal nerve." [Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "spinal nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "backbone nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of backbone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of spinal column" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of spine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of vertebral column" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal column nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spine nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebral column nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000870
xref: FMA:5858 ! Spinal nerve
xref: GAID:841 ! spinal nerve
xref: VHOG:0000824 ! spinal nerve
xref: MA:0000233 ! spinal nerve
xref: XAO:0003101 ! spinal nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve ! Spinal Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwK_iFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! spinal nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001898 ! spinal nerve
xref: EMAPA:16989 ! nerve of spinal
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720 ! spinal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: AAO:0011101 ! spinal nerve
xref: SCTID:361099009 ! Entire spinal nerve
synonym: "nervi spinales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg
property_value: external_definition "Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000824", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spinal+nerve", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0037941

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001783
name: optic disc
def: "The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called 'the blind spot' or the 'physiological blind spot'. The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neurons from the eye towards the brain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Optic_disc]
synonym: "optic disk" EXACT [MESH:A08.800.800.120.680.660]
synonym: "optic disk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_disc]
synonym: "optic nerve disc" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_disc]
synonym: "optic nerve head" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_disc]
synonym: "optic papilla" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_disc]
synonym: "physiologic blind spot" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_disc]
synonym: "physiologic blind spot of mariotte" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_disc]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:9077 ! optic disc
xref: FMA:58634 ! Optic disc
xref: VHOG:0000551 ! optic disc
xref: MA:0000278 ! optic disc
xref: ncithesaurus:Optic_Disc ! Optic Disc
xref: EFO:0001974 ! optic disc
xref: EHDAA2:0001307 ! optic disc
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gray879.png/200px-Gray879.png
xref: EMAPA:25088 ! optic disc of optic stalk
xref: EMAPA:18238 ! optic disc of retina
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.680.660 ! optic disk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000941 ! cranial nerve II
xref: SCTID:362518006 ! Entire optic disc
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Gray879.png
property_value: external_definition "The small blind spot on the surface of the retina. It is the point where the fibers of the retina leave the eye and become part of the optic nerve. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000551", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+disc", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000551", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0029127

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001784
name: obsolete macula lutea
comment: Obsoleted as it accidentally grouped macula and macula lutea
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0000053
consider: UBERON:0000054

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011779
name: nerve of head region
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "cephalic nerve" RELATED  []
synonym: "head nerve" RELATED  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
def: "A nerve that is part of a head." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001785
name: cranial nerve
def: "Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. In humans, there are traditionally twelve pairs of cranial nerves. Only the first and the second pair emerge from the cerebrum; the remaining ten pairs emerge from the brainstem[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve]
comment: Editors note: classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN. Note EMAPA subdivides nerve into CNS nerve and PNS nerve, with *all* cranial nerves classified as CNS nerves.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cranial nerves" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial neural tree organ" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001104
xref: FMA:5865 ! Cranial nerve
xref: GAID:802 ! cranial nerve
xref: VHOG:0000279 ! cranial nerve
xref: MA:0000215 ! cranial nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1623 ! Cranial nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000641 ! cranial nerve
xref: XAO:0000429 ! cephalic nerve
xref: AAO:0000108 ! cranial_nerves
xref: XAO:0003089 ! cranial nerve
xref: ZFA:0000641 ! cranial nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Cranial_Nerve ! Cranial Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cranial nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0000323 ! cranial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/200px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17264 ! cranial of nerve of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17263 ! nerve of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120 ! cranial nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
xref: SCTID:244447006 ! Entire cranial nerve
synonym: "nervus cranialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en-2.svg
property_value: external_definition "Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000641", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000279", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0010268

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001786
name: fovea centralis
def: "a part of the eye, located in the center of the macula region of the retina. [1] [2] The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision). The fovea is surrounded by the parafovea belt, and the perifovea outer region:[2] the parafovea is the intermediate belt where the ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five rows of cells; as well as the highest density of cones; the perifovea is the outermost region where the ganglion cell layer contains two to four rows of cells, and is where visual acuity is below the optimum. The perifovea contains an even more diminished density of cones, having 12 per 100 micrometres versus 50 per 100 micrometres in the most central fovea. This, in turn, is surrounded by a larger peripheral area that delivers highly compressed information of low resolution. Approximately 50% of the nerve fibers in the optic nerve carry information from the fovea, while the other 50% carry information from the rest of the retina. The parafovea extends to a distance of 1¼ mm from the central fovea, and the perifovea is found 2¾ mm away from the fovea centralis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Fovea_centralis_in_macula]
comment: As an anatomical term, there are several foveae around the body, including in the head of the femur.(WP)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fovea" EXACT []
synonym: "fovea centralis in macula" EXACT [Wikipedia:Fovea_centralis_in_macula]
synonym: "centre of macula" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2543]
xref: FMA:58658 ! Fovea centralis
xref: GAID:910 ! fovea centralis
xref: MA:0001307 ! fovea
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2543 ! Fovea
xref: ncithesaurus:Fovea_Centralis ! Fovea Centralis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: MESH:A09.371.729.522.436 ! fovea centralis
xref: EV:0100350 ! fovea centralis
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000053 ! macula lutea
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: SCTID:264479005 ! Entire fovea centralis
xref: VHOG:0001572 ! fovea
property_value: external_definition "A small pit in the center of the macula lutea, the area of clearest vision, where the retinal layers are spread aside, and light falls directly on the cones. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001572", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fovea", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Definition of fovea centralis should be considered here as 'an area centralis at the visual axis' (reference 1). There is an uncertaincy of the relation, because: 1.-The fovea first appeared in evolution in the temporal retina of fishes. Then, in birds, the nasal fovea and bifoveal system with nasal and temporal foveas developed. The fovea disappeared in primitive mammals, and reappeared in primates. A residue of the fovea is conserved in the visual streak, and the disappearance and reappearance of the fovea, in primitive mammals and primates respectively, correlates with degeneration and restoration of cone pigment genes in photoreceptors (reference 2). 2.-Many retinal features (foveas, trichromacy, midget pathways and associated cell types) appear specific to primates. This has led to investigations in parallel with other mammalian models such as cat or rabbit. Correlation of the results often proves to be difficult, since an evolutionary scenario with transitions between the mammalian models is largely lacking (reference 3).[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001572", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S095252380623342X Ahnelt PK\, Schubert C\, Kübber-Heiss A\, Schiviz A\, Anger E\, Independent variation of retinal S and M cone photoreceptor topographies: A survey of four families of mammals. Visual neuroscience (2006)\, PMID:11193946 Azuma N\, Molecular cell biology on morphogenesis of the fovea and evolution of the central vision. Nihon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi (2000)\, DOI:10.1016/S1350-9462(00)00012-4 Ahnelt PK\, Kolb H\, The mammalian photoreceptor mosaic-adaptive design. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0016622

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001781
name: layer of retina
def: "any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]." [MP:0003727]
comment: Note that MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "retina layer" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal layer" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal neuronal layer" EXACT [MP:0006069]
synonym: "retina neuronal layer" EXACT [MP:0006069]
xref: FMA:58617 ! Layer of retina
xref: MA:0001319 ! retina layer
xref: XAO:0000266 ! retinal layer
xref: ncithesaurus:Retina_Layer ! Retina Layer
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina
xref: AAO:0010353 ! retinal layer
xref: SCTID:280657006 ! Layer of retina
xref: UMLS:C0459649

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
name: substratum of layer of retina
def: "." [UBERON:CL_meeting_20110725, http://retina.anatomy.upenn.edu/~lance/eye/retina_gross.html]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007619 ! limiting membrane of retina
name: limiting membrane of retina
comment: MA does treat  internal/external limiting membranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. We do not follow this convention. However, we do following MA is grouping these terms together
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "retina lamina" EXACT [MA:0001318]
xref: MA:0001318 ! retina lamina
is_a: UBERON:0001781 {source="UBERON"} ! layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
xref: SCTID:280667001 ! Limiting membrane of retina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001782 ! pigmented layer of retina
name: pigmented layer of retina
def: "A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup[ZFA]. the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells[WP]." [Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium, ZFIN:curator]
comment: editor note - we follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "outer pigmented layer of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "pigment epithelium of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "pigmented epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "pigmented retina" RELATED []
synonym: "pigmented retinal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "pigmented retina epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "PRE" RELATED []
synonym: "retinal pigment epithelium" EXACT [MP:0005201, Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium]
synonym: "retinal pigmented epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "RPE" RELATED []
synonym: "stratum pigmentosum (retina)" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal pigmented epithelium" EXACT [ZFA:0000144]
synonym: "epithelium, retinal pigment" RELATED [BTO:0001177]
xref: BTO:0001177
xref: EHDAA:4765 ! pigmented retinal epithelium
xref: FMA:58627 ! Pigmented layer of retina
xref: VHOG:0000536 ! pigmented retinal epithelium
xref: MA:0000279 ! pigmented retinal epithelium
xref: TAO:0000144 ! retinal pigmented epithelium
xref: ZFA:0000144 ! retinal pigmented epithelium
xref: XAO:0003217 ! retinal pigmented epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Retinal_Pigment_Epithelium ! Retinal Pigment Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001465 ! pigmented retinal epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray881.png/200px-Gray881.png
xref: EMAPA:17172 ! pigmented retinal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001781 ! layer of retina
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0005424 ! presumptive retinal pigmented epithelium
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001787 {source="Wikipedia"} ! photoreceptor layer of retina
relationship: has_part GO:0048770 ! pigment granule
xref: AAO:0011096 ! retinal pigmented epithelium
xref: SCTID:280662007 ! Entire retinal pigment epithelium
synonym: "stratum pigmentosa retinae, p. pigmentosa retinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png
property_value: external_definition "The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011096", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ZFA:0000144"}
property_value: external_definition "A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000144", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "retinal pigment layer" RELATED [VHOG:0000536]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000536", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0035322

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
name: retinal neural layer
def: "The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]." [GO:0003407]
comment: editor note - we follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers; the neural layers are further divided into 9 layers. Note that in MA this class is a leaf node.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neural layer of retina" EXACT [FMA:58628]
synonym: "neural retina" EXACT [XAO:0003216, ZFA:0000046]
synonym: "neuroretina" EXACT [ZFA:0000046]
synonym: "neural retinal epithelium" RELATED [MA:000027]
synonym: "stratum nervosum (retina)" EXACT [FMA:58628]
xref: XAO:0003216 ! retinal neural layer
xref: ZFA:0000046 ! retinal neural layer
xref: BTO:0000929 ! neural retina
xref: ncithesaurus:Neural_Retina ! Neural Retina
xref: VHOG:0000535 ! neural retinal epithelium
xref: MA:0000277 ! neural retinal epithelium
xref: FMA:58628 ! neural layer of retina
xref: EHDAA2:0001253 ! neural retinal epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17171 ! neural retinal epithelium
xref: EMAPA:18590 ! neural retina
xref: EHDAA:4763 ! neural retinal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001781 ! layer of retina
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0005425 ! presumptive neural retina
relationship: has_part CL:0000540 ! neuron
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0005426 ! lens vesicle
xref: AAO:0011095 ! retinal neural layer
xref: TAO:0000046 ! retinal neural layer
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000535", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1518263

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001787 ! photoreceptor layer of retina
name: photoreceptor layer of retina
def: "The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside." [ZFA:0000143, Wikipedia:Layer_of_rods_and_cones]
comment: we follow MA and ZFA in subdividing this into inner and outer segments
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "layer of rods and cones" RELATED []
synonym: "retina photoreceptor layer" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum segmentorum externorum et internorum (retina)" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal photoreceptor layer" EXACT [ZFA:0000143]
xref: FMA:58680 ! Photoreceptor layer of retina
xref: MA:0001308 ! retina photoreceptor layer
xref: XAO:0003215 ! photoreceptor layer
xref: ZFA:0000143 ! retinal photoreceptor layer
xref: VHOG:0001165 ! retinal photoreceptor layer
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray881.png/200px-Gray881.png
is_a: UBERON:0001781 ! layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000287 {source="ZFA"} ! eye photoreceptor cell
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001788 ! outer limiting layer of retina
xref: ncithesaurus:Layer_of_the_Rods_and_Cones ! Layer of the Rods and Cones
xref: TAO:0000143 ! retinal photoreceptor layer
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001165", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229206

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003925
name: photoreceptor inner segment layer
def: "Layer of the retina composed of the inner segments of the photoreceptor cells." [ZFIN:curator]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "retina photoreceptor layer inner segment" EXACT [MA:0002471]
xref: MA:0002471 ! retina photoreceptor layer inner segment
xref: ZFA:0001465 ! photoreceptor inner segment layer
xref: VHOG:0001172 ! retina photoreceptor layer inner segment
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001787 {source="MA"} ! photoreceptor layer of retina
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001788 ! outer limiting layer of retina
relationship: has_part GO:0001917 ! photoreceptor inner segment
xref: TAO:0001465 ! photoreceptor inner segment layer
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001172", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003926
name: photoreceptor outer segment layer
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "retina photoreceptor layer outer segment" EXACT [MA:0002472]
xref: MA:0002472 ! retina photoreceptor layer outer segment
xref: ZFA:0001466 ! photoreceptor outer segment layer
xref: VHOG:0001173 ! retina photoreceptor layer outer segment
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001787 {source="MA"} ! photoreceptor layer of retina
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001782 ! pigmented layer of retina
relationship: has_part GO:0001750 ! photoreceptor outer segment
xref: TAO:0001466 ! photoreceptor outer segment layer
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001173", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001788 ! outer limiting layer of retina
name: outer limiting layer of retina
def: "the row of jucntional complexes between the plasma membranes of rod segments and the Muller glia cells; this barrier separates the layer of inner and outer segments of the rods and cones from the outer nuclear layer and forms a blood-retina barrier[MP]." [MP:0010236]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "external limiting lamina of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "external limiting membrane of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "outer limiting membrane of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "retina external limiting lamina" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum limitans externum (retina)" EXACT []
synonym: "retina outer limiting membrane" EXACT [MP:0010236]
synonym: "outer limiting membrane" EXACT [XAO:0003224]
synonym: "external limiting membrane" EXACT [ZFA:0001331]
xref: FMA:58683 ! Outer limiting layer of retina
xref: MA:0001309 ! retina external limiting lamina
xref: XAO:0003224 ! outer limiting membrane
xref: ZFA:0001331 ! outer limiting membrane
is_a: UBERON:0007619 {source="MA"} ! limiting membrane of retina
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001789 ! outer nuclear layer of retina
xref: ncithesaurus:Outer_Limiting_Membrane ! Outer Limiting Membrane
xref: SCTID:280676008 ! Entire external limiting membrane of retina
xref: TAO:0001331 ! outer limiting membrane
xref: UMLS:C1518685

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001789 ! outer nuclear layer of retina
name: outer nuclear layer of retina
def: "The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside." [ZFA:0001464]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ONL" NARROW []
synonym: "outer nuclear layer" BROAD []
synonym: "retina outer nuclear layer" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum nucleare externum (retina)" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal outer nuclear layer" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58684 ! Outer nuclear layer of retina
xref: MA:0001315 ! retina outer nuclear layer
xref: ZFA:0001464 ! retinal outer nuclear layer
xref: XAO:0003219 ! retinal outer nuclear layer
xref: VHOG:0001170 ! retinal outer nuclear layer
xref: EMAPA:19157 ! outer nuclear layer
is_a: UBERON:0001781 ! layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
relationship: overlaps CL:0000287 {source="ZFA", notes="soma"} ! eye photoreceptor cell
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001790 ! outer plexiform layer of retina
xref: SCTID:280678009 ! Entire outer nuclear layer of retina
xref: ncithesaurus:Outer_Nuclear_Layer_of_Retina ! Outer Nuclear Layer
xref: TAO:0001464 ! retinal outer nuclear layer
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001170", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229210

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001790 ! outer plexiform layer of retina
name: outer plexiform layer of retina
def: "The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells[ZFA]. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells[GO]." [ZFA:0001330]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "OPL" NARROW []
synonym: "retina outer plexiform layer" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal outer plexiform layer" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum plexiforme externum" EXACT []
synonym: "outer plexiform layer" EXACT [BTO:0003174]
synonym: "external plexiform layer" BROAD [BTO:0003174]
xref: FMA:58685 ! Outer plexiform layer of retina
xref: MA:0001316 ! retina outer plexiform layer
xref: ZFA:0001330 ! retinal outer plexiform layer
xref: XAO:0003218 ! retinal outer plexiform layer
xref: BTO:0003174 ! outer plexiform layer
xref: VHOG:0001171 ! retinal outer plexiform layer
is_a: UBERON:0001781 ! layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001791 ! inner nuclear layer of retina
xref: ncithesaurus:Outer_Plexiform_Layer ! Outer Plexiform Layer
xref: SCTID:280684007 ! Entire outer plexiform layer of retina
xref: TAO:0001330 ! retinal outer plexiform layer
property_value: external_definition "The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001330", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001171", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229217

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001791 ! inner nuclear layer of retina
name: inner nuclear layer of retina
def: "The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells." [BTO:0003176]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "INL" NARROW []
synonym: "inner nuclear layer" EXACT []
synonym: "retina inner nuclear layer" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum nucleare internum" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal inner nuclear layer" EXACT []
synonym: "intermediate cell layer" EXACT [ZFA:0000119]
xref: FMA:58686 ! Inner nuclear layer of retina
xref: MA:0001311 ! retina inner nuclear layer
xref: XAO:0003221 ! retinal inner nuclear layer 
xref: ZFA:0000119 ! retinal inner nuclear layer
xref: VHOG:0001167 ! retinal inner nuclear layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005031 ! Retina inner nuclear layer
xref: BTO:0003176 ! inner nuclear layer
xref: EMAPA:19155 ! inner nuclear layer
is_a: UBERON:0001781 ! layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000748 ! retinal bipolar neuron
relationship: has_part CL:0000561 ! amacrine cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000745 ! horizontal cell
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
xref: SCTID:362520009 ! Entire inner nuclear layer of retina
xref: ncithesaurus:Inner_Nuclear_Layer ! Inner Nuclear Layer
xref: TAO:0000119 ! retinal inner nuclear layer
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001167", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229211

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001792 ! ganglionic layer of retina
name: ganglionic layer of retina
def: "a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells[WP]. innermost nuclear layer of the retina, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain." [Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer]
comment: Check exact synonyms in ZFA / XAO
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "RGC layer" EXACT []
synonym: "GCL layer" EXACT []
synonym: "ganglion cell layer" EXACT  [FMA:58687, ZFA:0000024]
synonym: "ganglionic cell layer of retina" EXACT  [FMA:58687]
synonym: "stratum ganglionicum (retina)" EXACT  [FMA:58687]
synonym: "retina ganglion cell layer" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal ganglion cell layer" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal ganglion layer" EXACT [MP:0008510]
synonym: "retina ganglion layer" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58687 ! Ganglionic layer of retina
xref: MA:0001310 ! retina ganglion cell layer
xref: ZFA:0000024 ! retinal ganglion cell layer
xref: ncithesaurus:Ganglion_Cell_Layer ! Ganglion Cell Layer
xref: BTO:0003398 ! ganglion cell layer
xref: XAO:0003223 ! retinal ganglion cell layer
xref: VHOG:0001166 ! retinal ganglion cell layer
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray881.png/200px-Gray881.png
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005030 ! Retina ganglion cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0001781 {source="FMA"} ! layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003902 {source="FMA"} ! retinal neural layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001793 ! nerve fiber layer of retina
xref: SCTID:280670002 ! Entire ganglion cell layer of retina
xref: TAO:0000024 ! retinal ganglion cell layer
synonym: "stratum ganglionicum retinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001166", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001793 ! nerve fiber layer of retina
name: nerve fiber layer of retina
alt_id: UBERON:0005888
def: "Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer which is comprised of their axons as they traverse to the optic nerve[ZFA]. The retinal nerve fiber layer (nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, RNFL) is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the porus opticus, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata. As the nerve fibers pass through the lamina cribrosa sclerae they lose their medullary sheaths and are continued onward through the choroid and retina as simple axis-cylinders. When they reach the internal surface of the retina they radiate from their point of entrance over this surface grouped in bundles, and in many places arranged in plexuses. Most of the fibers are centripetal, and are the direct continuations of the axis-cylinder processes of the cells of the ganglionic layer, but a few of them are centrifugal and ramify in the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers, where they end in enlarged extremities." [Wikipedia:Nervous_system_fiber_layer, ZFA:0001619]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "layer of nerve fibers of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "layer of nerve fibres of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "retina nerve fiber layer" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum neurofibrarum (retina)" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum opticum of retina" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58688 ! Nerve fiber layer of retina
xref: VHOG:0001169 ! retina nerve fiber layer
xref: MA:0001314 ! retina nerve fiber layer
xref: EMAPA:18591 ! nerve fibre layer
xref: ZFA:0001619 ! optic fiber layer
xref: XAO:0003220 ! optic fiber layer
is_a: UBERON:0001781 ! layer of retina
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000941 ! cranial nerve II
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001794 ! inner limiting layer of retina
synonym: "stratum neurofibrarum retinae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:58688]
xref: SCTID:280671003 ! Entire nerve fiber layer of retina
xref: TAO:0002212 ! optic fiber layer
synonym: "stratum neurofibrum retinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nerve_fiber_layer]
synonym: "optic fiber layer" RELATED [VHOG:0001169]
synonym: "optic fiber layers" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0002212]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001169", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001794 ! inner limiting layer of retina
name: inner limiting layer of retina
def: "the row of fused Muller cell processes and astrocytes that separates the retinal nerve fiber layer from the vitreous[MP]." [MP:0010235]
comment: TODO - check frog/fish
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inner limiting membrane of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "internal limiting lamina of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "internal limiting membrane of retina" EXACT []
synonym: "retina internal limiting lamina" EXACT []
synonym: "retina inner limiting membrane" EXACT [MP:0010235]
synonym: "inner limiting membrane" EXACT [XAO:0003222]
xref: FMA:58689 ! Inner limiting layer of retina
xref: MA:0001313 ! retina internal limiting lamina
xref: ZFA:0001029 ! inner limiting membrane
xref: XAO:0003222 ! inner limiting membrane
is_a: UBERON:0007619 {source="MA"} ! limiting membrane of retina
relationship: overlaps CL:0000636 ! Muller cell
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001797 ! vitreous humor
xref: ncithesaurus:Inner_Limiting_Membrane ! Inner Limiting Membrane
xref: SCTID:280677004 ! Internal limiting membrane of retina
xref: TAO:0001029 ! inner limiting membrane
xref: UMLS:C1512783
property_value: external_definition "Membrane on the apical surface of the retina.  The retinal vasculature becomes adhered to the apical surface of the ILM by 30dpf[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-071023-7, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-120529-3]." xsd:string {source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-071023-7, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-120529-3"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
name: inner plexiform layer of retina
def: "The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells[GO]." [Wikipedia:Inner_plexiform_layer]
comment: BTO misspelling?
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "IPL" NARROW []
synonym: "retina inner plexiform layer" EXACT []
synonym: "retinal inner plexiform layer" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum plexiforme internum" EXACT [FMA:58704]
synonym: "stratum plexifome internum" RELATED [BTO:0003175]
synonym: "inner plexiform layer" RELATED [BTO:0003175]
xref: FMA:58704 ! Inner plexiform layer of retina
xref: MA:0001312 ! retina inner plexiform layer
xref: XAO:0003225 ! retinal inner plexiform layer 
xref: ZFA:0001329  ! retinal inner plexiform layer
xref: BTO:0003175 ! inner plexiform layer
xref: VHOG:0001168 ! retinal inner plexiform layer
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray881.png/200px-Gray881.png
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005032 ! Retina inner plexiform layer
intersection_of: UBERON:0001781 ! layer of retina
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001791 ! INLr
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001792 ! RGC layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003902 ! retinal neural layer
relationship: overlaps CL:0000740 ! retinal ganglion cell
relationship: overlaps CL:0000748 ! retinal bipolar neuron
xref: ncithesaurus:Inner_Plexiform_Layer ! Inner Plexiform Layer
xref: SCTID:280682006 ! Entire inner plexiform layer of retina
xref: TAO:0001329 ! retinal inner plexiform layer
synonym: "stratum plexiforme internum retinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inner_plexiform_layer]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png
property_value: external_definition "The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the dendrites of the ganglion cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001329", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001168", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229221

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008922 ! sublaminar layer S1
name: sublaminar layer S1
def: "A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the inner nuclear layer and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina." [GOC:tfm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001791 ! inner nuclear layer of retina
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008927 ! sublaminar layers S1 and S2
xref: CP:0000113 ! sublaminar layer S1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
name: sublaminar layer S2
def: "A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S1 and S3 layers and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina." [GOC:tfm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0008922 ! sublaminar layer S1
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008927 ! sublaminar layers S1 and S2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008928 ! sublaminar layers S2 and S3
xref: CP:0000114 ! sublaminar layer S2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
name: sublaminar layer S3
def: "A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S2 and S4 layers and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina." [GOC:tfm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008928 ! sublaminar layers S2 and S3
xref: CP:0000115 ! sublaminar layer S3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
name: sublaminar layer S4
def: "A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the S3 and S5 layer and comprises 20 percent of the inner plexiform layer of retina." [GOC:tfm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0008926 ! sublaminar layer S5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008929 ! sublaminar layers S4 and S5
xref: CP:0000116 ! sublaminar layer S4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008926 ! sublaminar layer S5
name: sublaminar layer S5
def: "A retinal neural layer that is immediately adjacent to the retinal ganglion cell layer and comprises 20 percent of the ganglion plexiform layer of retina." [GOC:tfm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001792 ! ganglionic layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008929 ! sublaminar layers S4 and S5
xref: CP:0000117 ! sublaminar layer S5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008927 ! sublaminar layers S1 or S2
name: sublaminar layers S1 or S2
def: "One of sublaminar layers S1 or S2." [GOC:tfm]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008922 ! sublaminar layer S1
union_of: UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
xref: CP:0000118 ! sublaminar layers S1 or S2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008928 ! sublaminar layers S2 or S3
name: sublaminar layers S2 or S3
def: "One of sublaminar layers S2 or S3." [GOC:tfm]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
union_of: UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
xref: CP:0000119 ! sublaminar layers S2 or S3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008929 ! sublaminar layers S4 or S5
name: sublaminar layers S4 or S5
def: "One of sublaminar layers S4 or S5." [GOC:tfm]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
union_of: UBERON:0008926 ! sublaminar layer S5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001795 ! inner plexiform layer of retina
xref: CP:0000120

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009731
name: sublaminar layers S3 or S4
def: "One of sublaminar layers S3 or S4." [GOC:plr]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
union_of: UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
xref: CP:0001040 ! sublaminar layers S3 or S4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009732
name: sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S5
def: "One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, or S5." [GOC:plr]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008922 ! sublaminar layer S1
union_of: UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
union_of: UBERON:0008926 ! sublaminar layer S5
xref: CP:0001041 ! sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009733
name: sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S3
def: "One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, or S3." [GOC:plr]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008922 ! sublaminar layer S1
union_of: UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
union_of: UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
xref: CP:0001042 ! sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009734
name: sublaminar layers S2 or S3 or S4
def: "One of sublaminar layers S2, S3, or S4." [GOC:plr]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
union_of: UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
union_of: UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
xref: CP:0001043 ! sublaminar layers S2 or S3 or S4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009735
name: sublaminar layers S1 or S3 or S4
def: "One of sublaminar layers S1, S3, or S4." [GOC:plr]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008922 ! sublaminar layer S1
union_of: UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
union_of: UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
xref: CP:0001044 ! sublaminar layers S1 or S3 or S4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009736
name: sublaminar layers S3 or S4 or S5
def: "One of sublaminar layers S3, S4, or S5." [GOC:plr]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
union_of: UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
union_of: UBERON:0008926 ! sublaminar layer S5
xref: CP:0001045 ! sublaminar layers S3 or S4 or S5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009737
name: sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S3 or S4
def: "One of sublaminar layers S1, S2, S3, or S4." [GOC:plr]
is_a: UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
union_of: UBERON:0008922 ! sublaminar layer S1
union_of: UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
union_of: UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
union_of: UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
xref: CP:0001046 ! sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S3 or S4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009738
name: border of sublaminar layers S1 and S2
def: "The region extending out from the boundary between layers S1 and S2." [GOC:plr, UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009740 ! border between sublaminar layers
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0008922 ! sublaminar layer S1
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008927 ! sublaminar layers S1 and S2
xref: CP:0001038 ! intersection of sublaminar layers S1 and S2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009739
name: border of sublaminar layers S3 and S4
def: "The region extending out from the boundary between sublaminar layers S3 and S4." [GOC:plr, UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009740 ! border between sublaminar layers
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009731 ! sublaminar layers S3 and S4
xref: CP:0001039 ! intersection of sublaminar layers S3 and S4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009851
name: border of sublaminar layers S4 and S5
def: "The intersection of sublaminar layers S4 and S5." [GOC:tfm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009740 ! border between sublaminar layers
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0008926 ! sublaminar layer S5
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0008925 ! sublaminar layer S4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008929 ! sublaminar layers S4 or S5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009852
name: border of sublaminar layers S2 and S3
def: "The intersection of sublaminar layers S2 and S3." [GOC:tfm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009740 ! border between sublaminar layers
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0008923 ! sublaminar layer S2
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0008924 ! sublaminar layer S3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008928 ! sublaminar layers S2 or S3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009740 ! border between sublaminar layers
name: border between sublaminar layers
def: "A region of the retina corresponding to a portion of two adjacent substratum layers." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0008921 ! substratum of layer of retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006312 ! ocular refractive media
name: ocular refractive media
xref: MA:0001911 ! ocular refractive media
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001796
name: aqueous humor of eyeball
def: "Body substance in liquid state contained in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyeball[FMA]. The aqueous humour is a thick watery substance filling the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]." [Wikipedia:Aqueous_humor, FMA:58819]
comment: Note that FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber. ZFA states A chamber and tha it is produced primarily by dorsal ciliary epithelial cells.To be investigated across taxa.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "aqueous humor" EXACT []
synonym: "aqueous humour" EXACT []
synonym: "aqueous humour" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000139]
xref: EHDAA:10196 ! aqueous humour
xref: ENVO:02000024
xref: FMA:58819 ! Aqueous humor of eyeball
xref: GAID:890 ! aqueous humor
xref: VHOG:0000548 ! aqueous humour
xref: MA:0001236 ! aqueous humour
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdGd-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Aqueous_Humor ! Aqueous Humor
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdGd-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! aqueous humor
xref: EHDAA2:0000139 ! aqueous humour
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18232 ! aqueous humour
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.067.070 ! aqueous humor
xref: ZFA:0005564 ! aqueous humor
is_a: UBERON:0006312 ! ocular refractive media
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001766 {source="VHOG", notes="located_in in EHDAA2"} ! anterior chamber of eyeball
synonym: "humor aquosus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:58819]
xref: SCTID:280587006 ! Entire aqueous humor
property_value: external_definition "The fluid produced by the ciliary process in the eye and occupying the anterior and posterior chambers. It provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and maintains the ocular pressure, and hence the optical integrity of the eyeball. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000548", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aqueous+humour", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000548", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0003662

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001797 ! vitreous humor
name: vitreous humor
def: "Body substance of semisolid state which constitutes the vitreous body of the eye.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Vitreous_humour, FMA:FMA]
comment: Note that FMA distinguishes between a portion and the whole portion. We equate with whole portion here, but this is arbitrary
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "humor vitreous" EXACT []
synonym: "vitreous humour" RELATED []
synonym: "whole portion of vitreous humor" EXACT [FMA:58822]
synonym: "portion of vitreous humor" BROAD [FMA:67388]
synonym: "humoral fluid" RELATED [BTO:0001451]
synonym: "ocular fluid" RELATED [BTO:0001451]
synonym: "vitreous fluid" RELATED [BTO:0001451]
synonym: "vitreous" EXACT  [ZFA:0005561]
xref: ENVO:02000032
xref: FMA:58822 ! Whole portion of vitreous humor
xref: MA:0001286 ! vitreous humor
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7ZIfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Vitreous_Humor ! Vitreous Humor
xref: BTO:0001451 ! vitreous humor
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7ZIfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vitreous humor
xref: VHOG:0000795 ! vitreous humour
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17837 ! vitreous humour
xref: EV:0100344 ! vitreous humor
xref: ZFA:0005561 ! vitreous
is_a: UBERON:0006312 ! ocular refractive media
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001798 ! vitreous body
relationship: located_in UBERON:0005606 ! hyaloid cavity
synonym: "humor vitreus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:58822]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
xref: UMLS:C0229096

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001798
name: vitreous body
def: "Mucoid tissue in the vitreous chamber of the eyeball. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left vitreous bodies.[FMA]" [FMA:58827, FMA:FMA]
comment: Note - in many AOs these are exact synonyms, but FMA has a part of link between portion of vitreous humor and this
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:58827 ! Vitreous body
xref: GAID:919 ! vitreous body
xref: MA:0002462 ! vitreous body
xref: ncithesaurus:Vitreous_Body ! Vitreous Body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: MESH:A09.371.943 ! vitreous body
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001799 ! vitreous chamber of eyeball
xref: SCTID:181170006 ! Entire vitreous body
xref: UMLS:C0042905

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001799
name: vitreous chamber of eyeball
def: "The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the human eye, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the Iris but anterior to the lens. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vitreous_chamber]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "camera postrema" EXACT []
synonym: "camera vitrea" EXACT []
synonym: "camera vitrea bulbi" EXACT []
synonym: "postremal chamber" EXACT []
synonym: "postremal chamber of eyeball" EXACT []
synonym: "vitreous chamber" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58848 ! Vitreous chamber of eyeball
xref: MA:0002461 ! vitreous chamber
xref: ncithesaurus:Vitreous_Chamber ! Vitreous Chamber
xref: BTO:0002087 ! vitreous chamber of the eye
is_a: UBERON:0006311 ! chamber of eyeball
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001802 ! posterior segment of eyeball
synonym: "camera postrema bulbi oculi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:58848]
xref: UMLS:C0229095

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005746
name: primary vitreous humour
def: "embryonic fibrovascular mesodermal tissue located between the optic cup and lens vesicle that normally regresses during the development of the vitreous body[MP]" [MP:0010711]
comment: Acellular in EHDAA2, MP defs says tissue
synonym: "primary vitreous" EXACT [MP:0010711]
xref: EHDAA2:0001502 ! primary vitreous humour
xref: EHDAA:5707 ! primary vitreous humour
xref: SCTID:343518007 ! Entire primary vitreous
is_a: UBERON:0000476 {source="EHDAA2", inconsistent_with="MP-def"} ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003902 {source="EHDAA2"} ! retinal neural layer
relationship: located_in UBERON:0005606 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hyaloid cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008816 {source="cjm"} ! embryonic head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001800
name: sensory ganglion
def: "the clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells." [MP:0000960]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "ganglion sensorium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:5885 ! Sensory ganglion
xref: MA:0002566 ! sensory ganglion
xref: AEO:0001000 ! sensory ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Sensory_Ganglion ! Sensory Ganglion
xref: MESH:A08.340.390  ! sensory ganglia
is_a: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
xref: UMLS:C0206429

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001801
name: anterior segment of eyeball
def: "The anterior segment is the front third of the eye that includes the structures in front of the vitreous humour: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens. Within the anterior segment are two fluid-filled spaces: the anterior chamber between the posterior surface of the cornea (i.e. the corneal endothelium) and the iris; the posterior chamber between the iris and the front face of the vitreous. Aqueous humor fills these spaces within the anterior segment and provides nutrients to the surrounding structures." [Wikipedia:Anterior_segment_of_eyeball]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior segment of eye" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior segment of the eye" EXACT []
synonym: "eye anterior segment" EXACT []
synonym: "segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58865 ! Anterior segment of eyeball
xref: MA:0002484 ! eye anterior segment
xref: MESH:A09.371.060 ! anterior eye segment
xref: ZFA:0005566 ! anterior segment eye
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010230 {source="FMA"} ! eyeball of camera-type eye
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001802 ! posterior segment of eyeball
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Eye_Segment ! Anterior Eye Segment
xref: SCTID:280658001 ! Entire anterior segment of eyeball
synonym: "segmentum anterius bulbi oculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_segment_of_eyeball]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Cataract_in_human_eye.png
xref: UMLS:C0003153

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001802
name: posterior segment of eyeball
def: "The posterior segment is the back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all structures behind it: the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. On the anterior side of the lens is the aqueous humour which is bounded on all sides by the lens, ciliary body, suspensory ligaments, and by the cornea. It lets light through without refraction, helps maintain the shape of the eye and suspends the delicate lens. In some animals, the retina contains a reflective layer (the tapetum lucidum) which increases the amount of light each photosensitive cell perceives, allowing the animal to see better under low light conditions." [Wikipedia:Posterior_segment_of_eyeball]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "eye posterior segment" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior segment of eye" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior segment of the eye" EXACT []
synonym: "segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:58868 ! Posterior segment of eyeball
xref: MA:0002485 ! eye posterior segment
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: ZFA:0005567 ! posterior segment eye
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010230 {source="FMA"} ! eyeball of camera-type eye
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Eye_Segment ! Posterior Eye Segment
xref: SCTID:280659009 ! Entire posterior segment of eyeball
synonym: "segmentum posterius bulbi oculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_segment_of_eyeball]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
xref: UMLS:C0278450

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001803
name: epithelium of lens
def: "The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens.[6] As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions." [Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_Epithelium]
comment: Usage notes: this class is the superclass of the anterior epithelium and equatorial epithlium, although the term 'lens epithelium' may refer specifically to the former
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lens epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of eye lens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of eye lens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eye lens epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eye lens epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lens epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:58871 ! Epithelium of lens
xref: MA:0001301 ! lens epithelium
xref: TAO:0001326 ! lens epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001326 ! lens epithelium
xref: BTO:0001873 ! lens epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000484 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000965 ! lens
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000965 ! lens
synonym: "epithelium lentis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:58871]
xref: SCTID:362523006 ! Entire epithelium of lens
xref: XAO:0004094 ! lens epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005614
name: lens anterior epithelium
comment: Cells of the subcapsular epithelium (or anterior lens cells) are mitotically active. In adult individuals they only cover the anterior "hemisphere" of the lens. As they divide, cells gradually move towards the equator of the lens where they tranform into lens fibres. The apical part of the gradually elongating cell extends between the subcapsular epithelium and adjacent lens fibres towards the anterior pole of the lens. The basal part extends towards the posterior pole. The nucleus remains close to the equatorial plane of the lens - http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm
synonym: "lens epithelium" BROAD []
synonym: "anterior surface of lens" RELATED [FMA:58889]
synonym: "subcapsular lens epithelium" EXACT [FMA:70612]
synonym: "lens subcapsular epithelium" EXACT [http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/eye/eye.htm]
synonym: "anterior epithelium of lens vesicle" RELATED [EMAPA:17304]
xref: EMAPA:17304 ! anterior epithelium of lens vesicle
xref: MA:0001302 ! lens anterior epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000976 ! lens anterior epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17839 ! anterior epithelium of lens
xref: VHOG:0001425 ! lens anterior epithelium
xref: EHDAA:9059 ! anterior epithelium of lens
is_a: UBERON:0001803 ! epithelium of lens
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 {source="FMA-inferred"} ! ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000984 ! lens anterior epithelium
xref: FMA:70612 ! subcapsular lens epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Subcapsular_Epithelium_of_the_Lens ! subcapsular epithelium of the lens
xref: SCTID:362521008 ! Entire anterior surface of lens
xref: UMLS:C1182652

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005615
name: lens equatorial epithelium
xref: MA:0001303 ! lens equatorial epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000978 ! lens equatorial epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17840 ! equatorial epithelium of lens
xref: EHDAA:9063 ! equatorial epithelium of lens
is_a: UBERON:0001803 ! epithelium of lens
xref: VHOG:0001459 ! lens equatorial epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005656
name: lens vesicle epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000987 ! lens vesicle epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17165 ! epithelium of lens vesicle
xref: VHOG:0000532 ! lens vesicle epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005426 ! lens vesicle
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005714
name: obsolete lens vesicle capsule
consider: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000985 ! lens vesicle capsule
consider: EHDAA:4739 ! capsule
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0001804 ! capsule of lens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001804 ! capsule of lens
name: capsule of lens
def: "a smooth, transparent basement membrane that completely surrounds the lens. It is synthesized by the lens epithelium and its main components are Type IV collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)." [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_lens, Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_capsule]
synonym: "lens capsule" EXACT []
synonym: "capsula lentis" EXACT LATIN []
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:58881 ! Capsule of lens
xref: VHOG:0000550 ! lens capsule
xref: MA:0001300 ! lens capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Lens_Capsule ! Lens Capsule
xref: EHDAA2:0000977 ! lens capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray883.png/200px-Gray883.png
xref: EMAPA:18237 ! capsule
xref: ZFA:0005574 ! lens capsule
is_a: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
is_a: UBERON:0005769 {source="Wikipedia"} ! basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0000965 ! lens
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000965 ! lens
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001803 {source="Wikipedia"} ! epithelium of lens
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005614 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lens anterior epithelium
xref: SCTID:244500004 ! Entire lens capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png
property_value: external_definition "The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000550", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000550", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.424 and p.426 and p.429 and Figure 12-24", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229232

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002444
name: lens fiber
def: "The lens fibers form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells, with diameters typically between 4-7 micrometres and lengths of up to 12 mm long." [Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_fibers]
comment: TODO - check plural vs singular. in FMA lens fiber is a cell - FMA:70950 Lens cell. Other ontologies don't appear to commit one way or another.
synonym: "lens fibers" EXACT []
synonym: "lens fibers set" EXACT []
synonym: "lens fibres" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000724
xref: EHDAA:4745 ! lens fibres
xref: EHDAA:9065 ! lens fibres
xref: FMA:76827 ! Set of lens fibers
xref: VHOG:0000444 ! lens fibres
xref: MA:0001304 ! lens fiber
xref: ncithesaurus:Lens_Fiber ! Lens Fiber
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000979 ! lens fibres
xref: EMAPA:17841 ! lens fibre
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000965 ! lens
synonym: "fibrae lentis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76827]
xref: XAO:0004096 ! lens fiber cell mass
synonym: "set of lens fibers" RELATED [FMA:76827]
property_value: external_definition "Fibres resembling a ribbon and arranged in very thin plates in the lens. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000444", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the line, or Y, or star sutures common to mammalian lenses, including those of primates. In the case of line or Y sutures, the overlapping of lens fibers in each successive shell is coincident and results in the formation of four or six three-dimensional suture planes that extend from the lens nucleus to the periphery.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000444", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1167/iovs.03-0466 Sivak JG\, Through the lens clearly: phylogeny and development\, The Proctor lecture. Investigative ophthalmology and visual science (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229224

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007622
name: pecten oculi
def: "a comb-like structure of blood vessels belonging to the choroid in the eye of a bird or reptile. It is non-sensory and is a pigmented structure that projects into the vitreous body from the point where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. The pecten is believed to both nourish the retina and control the pH of the vitreous body." [Wikipedia:Pecten_oculi]
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001776 ! optic choroid
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8457 ! Sauropsida

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007623
name: comb and wattle
def: "A wattle is a fleshy dewlap or caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds, goats and other animals. In some birds the caruncle is erectile tissue." [Wikipedia:Wattle_(anatomy)]
synonym: "wattle" RELATED  [GAID:1207]
synonym: "wattles and comb" RELATED  [GAID:1207]
xref: MESH:A13.242
xref: GAID:1207 ! comb and wattle
xref: SCTID:37118002 ! Wattle structure
is_a: UBERON:0000021 ! cutaneous appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012176 ! comb
name: comb
def: "a vascular, red cutaneous structure attached in a sagittal plane to the dorsum of the skull of domestic fowl. It consists of a base attached to the skull, a central mass called the body, a backward projecting blade and upward projecting points" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pea+comb]
is_a: UBERON:0000021 ! cutaneous appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: SCTID:3643003 ! Comb structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000003
name: dewlap
def: "A longitudinal flap of skin that hangs beneath the lower jaw or neck." [Wikipedia:Dewlap]
comment: Compare with: comb and wattle
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
xref: SCTID:13622004 ! Dewlap structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001805
name: autonomic ganglion
def: "ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion." [Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "autonomic nervous system ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion of autonomic nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion of visceral nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "visceral nervous system ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:5889 ! Autonomic ganglion
xref: MA:0000220 ! autonomic ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Autonomic_Ganglion ! Autonomic Ganglion
xref: EMAPA:17157 ! ganglion of sympathetic (also: UBERON:0001806 'sympathetic ganglion')
xref: EMAPA:18221 ! ganglion of autonomic
xref: AEO:0001001 ! autonomic ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
synonym: "ganglion autonomicum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Autonomic_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png
xref: UMLS:C0017068

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001806
name: sympathetic ganglion
def: "Sympathetic ganglia are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They deliver information to the body about stress and impending danger, and are responsible for the familiar fight-or-flight response. They contain approximately 20000&ndash;30000 nerve cell bodies and are located close to and on either side of the spinal cord in long chains. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_ganglion]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ganglion sympatheticum" EXACT []
synonym: "ganglion of sympathetic nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sympathetic nervous system ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion sympathicum" RELATED [BTO:0001333]
xref: BTO:0001333
xref: FMA:5890 ! Sympathetic ganglion
xref: MA:0000226 ! sympathetic ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Sympathetic_Ganglion ! Sympathetic Ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0001969 ! sympathetic ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray839.png/200px-Gray839.png
xref: EMAPA:17157 ! ganglion of sympathetic (also: UBERON:0001805 'autonomic ganglion')
is_a: UBERON:0001805 ! autonomic ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000013 ! sympathetic nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! neural crest
xref: AAO:0010773 ! sympathetic ganglion
xref: SCTID:362485003 ! Entire sympathetic ganglion
synonym: "ganglion sympathicum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png
xref: UMLS:C0017071

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001807
name: paravertebral ganglion
def: "Trunk ganglion which is part of a bilaterally paired set of sympathetic ganglia located anterior and lateral to the spinal cord." [Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglion, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ganglion of sympathetic trunk" EXACT []
synonym: "ganglion trunci sympathetici" EXACT []
synonym: "sympathetic chain ganglion" EXACT []
xref: FMA:5891 ! Paravertebral ganglion
xref: TAO:0001556 ! sympathetic chain ganglion
xref: ZFA:0001556 ! sympathetic chain ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray847.png/200px-Gray847.png
is_a: UBERON:0007134 {source="ZFA"} ! trunk ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000013 {source="ZFA"} ! sympathetic nervous system
synonym: "ganglion trunci sympathici" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5891]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001808
name: parasympathetic ganglion
def: "Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. The exceptions are the four paired parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_ganglion]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ganglion parasympathicum" RELATED [BTO:0001256]
xref: BTO:0001256
xref: FMA:5894 ! Parasympathetic ganglion
xref: MA:0002469 ! parasympathetic ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Parasympathetic_Ganglion ! Parasympathetic Ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100303 ! Parasympathetic ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0001400 ! parasympathetic ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray839.png/200px-Gray839.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0001805 ! autonomic ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000011 ! parasympathetic nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! neural crest
xref: SCTID:279284004 ! Entire parasympathetic ganglion
synonym: "ganglion parasympathicum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parasympathetic_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png
xref: UMLS:C0017069

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001809
name: enteric ganglion
def: "." [Wikipedia:Enteric_ganglia]
synonym: "intramural ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:5896]
xref: FMA:5896 ! Enteric ganglion
xref: MA:0001144 ! enteric ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Enteric_Ganglion ! Enteric Ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001808 {source="FMA"} ! parasympathetic ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0001808 ! parasympathetic ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002005 ! enteric nervous system
xref: UMLS:C0501399

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001810
name: nerve plexus
def: "Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Nervous_system_plexus, FMA:5901]
comment: in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000205
xref: EHDAA:3780 ! nerve plexus
xref: FMA:5901 ! Nerve plexus
xref: MA:0002407 ! nerve plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Nerve_Plexus ! Nerve Plexus
xref: EHDAA2:0003138 ! nerve plexus
xref: AEO:0000138 ! nerve plexus
is_a: UBERON:0003714 ! neural tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
relationship: has_part CL:0000526 {source="AEO"} ! afferent neuron
relationship: has_part CL:0000527 {source="AEO"} ! efferent neuron
xref: SCTID:122455009 ! Structure of nerve plexus
xref: UMLS:C0501403

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005906
name: serous sac
def: "Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]" [FMA:9689]
comment: See notes for serous membrane
xref: FMA:9689 ! serous sac
xref: SCTID:362890006 ! Entire serous sac
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005908 ! conjunctival sac
name: conjunctival sac
def: "Serous sac, which has as parts the conjunctiva and the cavity of conjunctiva. Examples: There are only two conjunctival sacs, the right and the left.[FMA]" [FMA:20291]
xref: FMA:20291 ! conjunctival sac
xref: EMAPA:18233 ! conjunctival sac
is_a: UBERON:0005906 {source="FMA"} ! serous sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="FMA"} ! camera-type eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001801 {source="MA"} ! anterior segment of eyeball
xref: SCTID:362531001 ! Entire conjunctival sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001811 ! conjunctiva
name: conjunctiva
def: "The conjunctiva is a clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera (white part of the eye) and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Conjunctiva]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "wall of conjunctival sac" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000374 ! conjunctiva
xref: FMA:59011 ! Conjunctiva
xref: GAID:898 ! conjunctiva
xref: MA:0000265 ! conjunctiva
xref: ncithesaurus:Conjunctiva
xref: XAO:0000182 ! conjunctiva
xref: BTO:0003415 ! conjunctiva
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gray883.png/200px-Gray883.png
xref: MESH:A09.371.192 ! conjunctiva
xref: EV:0100340 ! conjunctiva
is_a: UBERON:0000060 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005908 {source="cjm"} ! conjunctival sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010409 {source="MA"} ! eye surface
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001773 ! sclera
xref: AAO:0010343 ! conjunctiva
xref: SCTID:181161008 ! Entire conjunctiva
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray883.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "conjunctival" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0009758

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010305
name: region of conjunctiva
def: "The conjunctiva is divided into 3 parts." [Wikipedia:Conjunctiva#Gross_anatomy]
synonym: "conjunctiva subdivision" EXACT  [FMA:59023]
subset: grouping_class
xref: FMA:59023 ! region of conjunctiva
intersection_of: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001811 ! conjunctiva

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010306
name: bulbar conjunctiva
comment: covers the eyeball, over the sclera. This region of the conjunctiva is tightly bound to the underlying sclera by Tenon's capsule and moves with the eyeball movements.
synonym: "ocular conjunctiva" EXACT [Wikipedia:Conjunctiva]
is_a: UBERON:0010305 {source="FMA"} ! region of conjunctiva
xref: FMA:59024 ! bulbar conjunctiva
xref: ncithesaurus:Bulbar_Conjunctiva ! bulbar conjunctiva
xref: SCTID:264509009 ! Entire bulbar conjunctiva
xref: UMLS:C0229275

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010307
name: conjunctival fornix
def: "line of reflexion of the conjunctiva from the eyelid to the eyeball." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/conjunctival+fornix]
comment: Forms the junction between the bulbar and palpebral conjunctivas. It is loose and flexible, allowing the free movement of the lids and eyeball
synonym: "fornix conjunctiva" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Conjunctiva]
is_a: UBERON:0010305 {source="FMA"} ! region of conjunctiva
xref: FMA:59016 ! conjunctival fornix
xref: SCTID:276831007 ! Structure of conjunctival fornix

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001812
name: palpebral conjunctiva
comment: lines the eyeballs
synonym: "eyelid conjunctiva" RELATED []
synonym: "tunica conjunctiva palpebrum" EXACT []
synonym: "tarsal conjunctiva" EXACT [Wikipedia:Conjunctiva]
xref: FMA:59025 ! Palpebral conjunctiva
xref: MA:0001265 ! palpebral conjunctiva
xref: ncithesaurus:Palpebral_Conjunctiva ! Palpebral Conjunctiva
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001811 {source="FMA"} ! conjunctiva
xref: SCTID:280666005 ! Entire palpebral conjunctiva
xref: UMLS:C0229274

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006763
name: epithelium of conjunctiva
def: "Layer of nonkeratinized squamous epithelium lining the conjunctiva, overlying scleral tissue" []
synonym: "conjunctiva epithelium" EXACT [FMA:62131]
synonym: "conjunctival epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0005131]
xref: FMA:62131 ! epithelium of conjunctiva
xref: EFO:0001916 ! conjunctival epithelium
xref: BTO:0005131 ! conjunctival epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0010304 {source="FMA"} ! nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001811 {source="BTO"} ! conjunctiva
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001811 ! conjunctiva
xref: ncithesaurus:Conjunctival_Epithelium ! Conjunctival Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1179037

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010366 ! conjunctival vasculature
name: conjunctival vasculature
synonym: "conjunctival veins" EXACT  [FMA:70887]
synonym: "conjunctival veins set" EXACT  [FMA:70887]
synonym: "venae conjunctivales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of conjunctival veins" EXACT [FMA:70887]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001811 ! conjunctiva
xref: FMA:70887 ! set of conjunctival veins (also: UBERON:0010367 'conjunctival vein')
def: "A vasculature that is part of a conjunctiva." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010367
name: conjunctival vein
synonym: "conjunctival blood vessel" BROAD  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001811 ! conjunctiva
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010366 ! conjunctival vasculature
xref: FMA:70887 ! set of conjunctival veins (also: UBERON:0010366 'conjunctival vasculature')
xref: SCTID:149885003 ! Entire conjunctival vein
def: "A vein that is part of a conjunctiva." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001813
name: somatic nerve plexus
def: "A nerve plexus that is part of a somatic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "plexus of spinal nerves" EXACT  [FMA:5903]
synonym: "spinal nerve plexus" EXACT  [FMA:5903]
xref: FMA:5903 ! Somatic nerve plexus
xref: VHOG:0000925 ! spinal nerve plexus
xref: MA:0000235 ! spinal nerve plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve_Plexus ! Spinal Nerve Plexus
xref: EHDAA2:0001899 ! spinal nerve plexus
xref: EMAPA:16987 ! nerve plexus of spinal
intersection_of: UBERON:0001810 ! nerve plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000012 ! somatic nervous system
synonym: "plexus nervorum spinalium" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5903]
xref: SCTID:42280003 ! Spinal nerve plexus
xref: UMLS:C0228603

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001814
name: brachial nerve plexus
def: "The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine, formed by the ventral rami of the lower cervical and upper thoracic nerve root, specifically from below the fifth cervical vertebra to above the first thoracic vertebra. It proceeds through the neck, the axilla (armpit region) and into the arm. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus]
comment: check superclass - nerve vs collection of fibers vs junction; note that FMA also has 'brachial autonomic nerve plexus'
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "brachial plexus" EXACT [MA:0001180]
synonym: "plexus brachialis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus]
synonym: "plexus brachialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus]
xref: EHDAA:3782 ! brachial plexus
xref: FMA:5906 ! Brachial nerve plexus
xref: GAID:842 ! brachial plexus
xref: VHOG:0000372 ! brachial plexus
xref: MA:0001180 ! brachial plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Brachial_Plexus ! Brachial Plexus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNWmO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! brachial plexus
xref: EHDAA2:0000180 ! brachial plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray808.png/200px-Gray808.png
xref: EMAPA:16988 ! brachial plexus
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050 ! brachial plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001813 {source="MA"} ! somatic nerve plexus
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
xref: SCTID:181002002 ! Entire brachial plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Brachial_plexus_color.svg/750px-Brachial_plexus_color.svg.png
property_value: external_definition "A nerve plexus originating from the anterior branches of the last four cervical and the first thoracic spinal nerves, giving off many of the principal nerves of the shoulder, chest, and arms. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000372", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/brachial+plexus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "To reach the muscles, dermatomes, and other structures of the limbs, some of the neurons in the spinal nerves come together in the plexus at the base of the limb. Such plexuses occur in all gnathostomes, and they reach their highest complexity among mammals and birds in which the cervical plexus supplies many ventral neck muscles, the brachial plexus supplies the pectoral appendage, a lumbosacral plexus supplies the pelvic appendage, and a coccygeal plexus supplies some of the pelvic muscles.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000372", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.436", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0006090

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001815
name: lumbosacral nerve plexus
def: "The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerve, sacral nerve, and coccygeal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. For descriptive purposes this plexus is usually divided into three parts: lumbar plexus sacral plexus pudendal plexus [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lumbosacral_plexus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lumbosacral plexus" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:4673 ! lumbosacral plexus
xref: FMA:5907 ! Lumbosacral nerve plexus
xref: GAID:849 ! lumbosacral plexus
xref: MA:0001181 ! lumbosacral plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbosacral_Plexus ! Lumbosacral Plexus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYo75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lumbosacral plexus
xref: VHOG:0000926 ! lumbo-sacral plexus
xref: EHDAA2:0001040 ! lumbosacral plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray822.png/200px-Gray822.png
xref: EMAPA:17587 ! lumbo-sacral plexus
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450 ! lumbosacral plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001813 ! somatic nerve plexus
synonym: "plexus lumbosacralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5907]
xref: SCTID:181049003 ! Entire lumbosacral plexus
synonym: "plexus lumbosacralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lumbosacral_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray822.png
property_value: homology_notes "To reach the muscles, dermatomes, and other structures of the limbs, some of the neurons in the spinal nerves come together in the plexus at the base of the limb. Such plexuses occur in all gnathostomes, and they reach their highest complexity among mammals and birds in which the cervical plexus supplies many ventral neck muscles, the brachial plexus supplies the pectoral appendage, a lumbosacral plexus supplies the pelvic appendage, and a coccygeal plexus supplies some of the pelvic muscles.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000926", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.436", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0024093

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001817
name: lacrimal gland
def: "Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the lacrimal sac. Examples: There only two instances, right lacrimal and left lacrimal glands[FMA]. The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film. They are situated in the upper, outer portion of each orbit. Inflammation of the lacrimal glands is called dacryoadenitis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_gland]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:59101 ! Lacrimal gland
xref: VHOG:0001476 ! lacrimal gland
xref: MA:0001296 ! lacrimal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Gland
xref: EFO:0001389 ! lacrimal gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gray896.png/200px-Gray896.png
xref: BTO:0000044 ! tear gland
xref: EV:0100339 ! lacrimal gland
synonym: "tear gland" RELATED  [BTO:0000044]
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001750 ! lacrimal apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
xref: SCTID:181147003 ! Entire lacrimal gland
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glandula lacrimalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_gland]
synonym: "preorbital gland" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Preorbital_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray896.png
property_value: external_definition "The preorbital gland is a paired exocrine gland found in many species of hoofed animals, which is homologous to the lacrimal gland found in humans. These glands are trenchlike slits of dark blue to black, nearly bare skin extending from the medial canthus of each eye. They are lined by a combination of sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, and they produce secretions which contain pheromones and other semiochemical compounds. Ungulates frequently deposit these secretions on twigs and grass as a means of communication with other animals. The preorbital gland serves different roles in different species. Pheromone-containing secretions from the preorbital gland may serve to establish an animal's dominance (especially in preparation for breeding), mark its territory, or simply to produce a pleasurable sensation to the animal. Because of its critical role in scent marking, the preorbital gland is usually considered as a type of scent gland. A further function of these glands may be to produce antimicrobial compounds against skin pathogens. Antimicrobial compounds found in these glands may be biosynthesized by the animal itself, or by microorganisms that live in these glands[Wikipedia:Preorbital_gland]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Preorbital_gland"}
xref: UMLS:C0022907

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013226
name: accessory lacrimal gland
def: "Serous gland with distended lumen. It includes the gland of Krause in the lacrimal sac and the gland of Wolfring on the inner surface of the upper eyelid. (NCI)" [ncithesaurus:Accessory_Lacrimal_Gland]
comment: Editor notes: may be re-classified as a sibling on lacrimal gland
synonym: "glandulae lacrimales accessoriae" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0001817 ! lacrimal gland
xref: SCTID:278360002 ! Accessory lacrimal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Accessory_Lacrimal_Gland ! accessory lacrimal gland
xref: UMLS:C0266586

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013224
name: Ciaccio's gland
def: "Ciaccio's glands are small tubular accessory lacrimal glands (glandulae lacrimales accessoriae) found in the lacrimal caruncle of the eyelid. They are located in the upper border of the tarsus, approximately in the middle between the extremities of the tarsal glands. Sometimes they are situated slightly above the tarsus. There are usually 2 to 5 of these glands in the upper eyelid, and their function is to produce tears which are secreted onto the surface of the conjunctiva. They are named after Italian anatomist Giuseppe Vincenzo Ciaccio (1824b1901), who described these glands in 1874. They are sometimes called Wolfring's glands after Polish ophthalmologist Emilj von Wolfring (1832-1906), who described them during the same time period as did Ciaccio. Another type of accessory lacrimal gland are Krause's glands, which are smaller, more numerous than Ciaccio's glands and are found along the superior and inferior fornices of the conjunctival sac." [Wikipedia:Ciaccio's_glands]
synonym: "gland of Wolfring" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ciaccio's_glands, ncithesaurus:Gland_of_Wolfring]
synonym: "Wolfring's gland" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ciaccio's_glands]
synonym: "gland of Wolfring and Ciacco" EXACT [SCTID:278361003]
is_a: UBERON:0013226  ! accessory lacrimal gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001711 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! eyelid
xref: ncithesaurus:Gland_of_Wolfring ! gland of wolfring
xref: SCTID:278361003 ! Gland of Wolfring and Ciacco

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011186
name: Krause's gland
def: "small, mucous accessory lacrimal glands that are found underneath the eyelid where the upper and lower conjuctivae meet. Their ducts unite into a rather long sinus which open into the fornix conjunctiva. There are approximately forty Krause glands in the region of the upper eyelid, and around 6 to 8 in the region of the lower lid. The function of these glands are to produce tears which are secreted onto the surface of the conjuctiva" [Wikipedia:Krause's_glands]
synonym: "accessory lacrimal gland" BROAD  [FMA:59056]
synonym: "Krause gland" EXACT  [FMA:59056]
synonym: "conjunctival gland" BROAD [FMA:59056]
is_a: UBERON:0013226 ! accessory lacrimal gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001351 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! lacrimal sac
xref: FMA:59056 ! conjunctival gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Gland_of_Krause ! gland of krause
xref: SCTID:23492003 ! Conjunctival glands
xref: SCTID:278359007 ! Conjunctival gland
xref: UMLS:C1306642

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013227
name: crypt of Henle
def: "Crypts of Henle are microscopic pockets found in scattered sections of the conjunctiva around the eyeball. They are responsible for secreting mucin, a proteinous substance that makes up the inner layer of tears. It coats the cornea to provide a hydrophilic layer that allows for even distribution of the tear film. The layer of mucin allows tears to glide evenly across the eye’s surface[WP]." [Wikipedia:Crypts_of_Henle]
synonym: "crypts of Henle" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Crypts_of_Henle]
synonym: "gland of Henle" EXACT  []
synonym: "Henle's gland" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Crypts_of_Henle]
is_a: UBERON:0013226 ! accessory lacrimal gland
xref: SCTID:278362005 ! Gland of Henle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013228
name: sweat gland of eyelid
def: "Glands of Moll, also known as ciliary glands, are modified apocrine sweat glands that are found on the margin of the eyelid. They are next to the base of the eyelashes, and anterior to the Meibomian glands within the distal eyelid margin. These glands are relatively large and tubular-shaped. The glands of Moll are named after Dutch oculist Jacob Anton Moll (1832–1914). Glands of Moll empty into the adjacent lashes. Glands of Moll and Zeis secrete lipid that adds to the superficial layer of the tear film, retarding evaporation. The glands of Moll are prone to infection and blockage of its duct with sebum and cell debris. Blockage of the gland's duct causes swelling which can manifest itself as a stye." [Wikipedia:Gland_of_Moll]
synonym: "ciliary gland" EXACT  [FMA:59159]
synonym: "ciliary gland of moll" EXACT  [FMA:59159]
synonym: "ciliary sweat gland of eyelid" EXACT  [FMA:59159]
synonym: "gland of Moll" EXACT  [FMA:59159]
synonym: "Moll's gland" EXACT  [FMA:59159]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000382 ! apocrine sweat gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
xref: FMA:59159 ! sweat gland of eyelid
xref: SCTID:280586002 ! Entire sweat gland of eyelid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013229
name: eyelid gland
synonym: "gland of eyelid" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
xref: SCTID:280574000 ! Eyelid gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013231
name: sebaceous gland of eyelid
def: "Glands of Zeis are unilobar sebaceous glands located on the margin of the eyelid. The glands of Zeis service the eyelash. These glands produce an oily substance that is issued through the excretory ducts of the sebaceous lobule into the middle portion of the hair follicle. In the same area of the eyelid, near the base of the eyelashes are sweat glands called the \"glands of Moll\". If eyelashes are not kept clean, conditions such as folliculitis may take place, and if the sebaceous gland becomes infected, it can lead to abscesses and styes. The glands of Zeis are named after German ophthalmologist Eduard Zeis (1807b68)." [Wikipedia:Gland_of_Zeis]
synonym: "ciliary sebaceous gland of eyelid" EXACT  [FMA:59191]
synonym: "gland of Zeiss" EXACT  [FMA:59191]
synonym: "gland of Zeis" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
xref: FMA:59191 ! sebaceous gland of eyelid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001818
name: tarsal gland
def: "The meibomian glands (or tarsal glands) are a special kind of sebaceous glands at the rim of the eyelids, responsible for the supply of sebum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film, prevents tear spillage onto the cheek, and makes the closed lids airtight. There are approximately 50 glands on the upper eyelids and 25 glands on the lower eyelids. The glands are named after Heinrich Meibom (1638-1700), a German physician. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Meibomian_gland]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "glandula tarsales" EXACT []
synonym: "gland of Meibom" EXACT []
synonym: "Meibomian gland" EXACT []
synonym: "palpebral gland" RELATED []
xref: FMA:59104 ! Tarsal gland
xref: GAID:899 ! meibomian gland
xref: MA:0001249 ! meibomian gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Meibomian_Gland ! Meibomian Gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gray1205.png/200px-Gray1205.png
xref: BTO:0004165 ! meibomian gland
xref: MESH:A09.371.337.614 ! meibomian gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004772 ! eyelid tarsus
xref: SCTID:280585003 ! Entire meibomian gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Gray1205.png
xref: UMLS:C0025181

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004000
name: tarsal gland acinus
synonym: "palpebral gland acinus" RELATED []
synonym: "meibomian gland acinus" EXACT []
synonym: "acinus of tarsal gland" EXACT []
def: "." [MP:0009935]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001818 ! tarsal gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001819
name: palpebral fissure
def: "Orifice separating upper and lower eyelids. In the human adult this measures about 10mm vertically and 30 mm horizontally. It can be reduced in size in fetal alcohol syndrome. In Trisomy 9 the palpebral fissures can be upslanting. [WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Palpebral_fissure]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:59110 ! Palpebral fissure
xref: MA:0001266 ! palpebral fissure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray892.png/200px-Gray892.png
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001711 {source="MA"} ! eyelid
xref: SCTID:280576003 ! Entire palpebral fissure
synonym: "rima palpebrarum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palpebral_fissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray892.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007771
name: epidermis gland
synonym: "gland of epidermis" EXACT  [FMA:59153]
synonym: "epidermal gland" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:59153 ! gland of epidermis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
subset: grouping_class
def: "A gland that is part of a epidermis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001820
name: sweat gland
def: "Sweat glands are exocrine glands, found in the skin of all mammal species, that are used for body temperature regulation. In humans a system of apocrine - and merocrine sweat glands is the main method of cooling. Many other mammals rely on panting or other means as a primary source of cooling, but still use sweat glands to aid in body temperature regulation. Sweat also serves a purpose of increasing friction on the palms of hands or the pads of paws. Both apocrine and merocrine sweat glands contain myoepithelial cells (from Greek myo-, 'muscle'), specialized epithelial cells located between the gland cells and the underlying basal lamina. Myoepithelial cell contractions squeeze the gland and discharge the accumulated secretions. The secretory activities of the gland cells and the contractions of myoepithelial cells are controlled by both the autonomic nervous system and by the circulating hormones. Additionally, ceruminous glands, which produce ear wax, and mammary glands, which produce milk, are frequently considered to be modified sweat glands. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sweat_gland, Wikipedia:Sweat_gland]
comment: todo - check if all sweat glands are epidermal - see EMAPA:29743
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "glandula sudorifera" RELATED [BTO:0001331]
synonym: "sudoriferous gland" RELATED [BTO:0001331]
synonym: "sudoriparous gland" RELATED [BTO:0001331]
xref: BTO:0001331
xref: FMA:59152 ! Sweat gland
xref: GAID:943 ! sweat gland
xref: VHOG:0001467 ! sweat gland
xref: MA:0000150 ! sweat gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Sweat_Gland ! Sweat Gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sweat gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skin.svg/200px-Skin.svg.png
xref: MESH:A10.336.899 ! sweat gland
xref: EV:0100160 ! sweat gland
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="MA"} ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0001089 ! sweat
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="FMA"} ! epidermis
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
relationship: has_quality PATO:0001873 {source="Wikipedia:Tubular_gland", notes="coiled tubular"} ! cylindrical
xref: SCTID:361700009 ! Entire sweat gland
subset: organ_slim
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005089 {evidence="definitional"} ! sweat gland placode
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg
property_value: external_definition "A gland that secretes sweat, found in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, opening by a duct on the body surface. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001467", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sweat+gland", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Sweat glands (also called sudoriferous glands) are unique to mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001467", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.101", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0038989

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001821
name: sebaceous gland
def: "A holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts.[MP]." [Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland, MP:0000647]
comment: Usage notes: sebaceous glands are also found in glabrous areas of eyelids, nose, penis, labia minora and nipples, and do not always secrete into hair follices. This causes some confusion in classification. In addition some structures, such as preputial glands are sometimes called 'modified' sebaceous glands, implying a non-subclass relationship. we follow MP and MA in keeping this class generic and creating a distinct subclass for sebaceuous glands of the skin. The FMA class may be better placed under this subclass. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "glandula sebaceae" RELATED [BTO:0001980]
synonym: "glandula sebacea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland]
synonym: "sebaceous follicle" RELATED [BTO:0001980]
xref: FMA:59160 ! Sebaceous gland
xref: GAID:900 ! sebaceous gland
xref: VHOG:0001468 ! sebaceous gland
xref: MA:0002565 ! sebaceous gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Sebaceous_Gland ! Sebaceous Gland
xref: BTO:0001980 ! sebaceous gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/HairFollicle.png/200px-HairFollicle.png
xref: MESH:A10.336.827 ! sebaceous gland
xref: EV:0100161 ! sebaceous gland
is_a: UBERON:0012344 {source="Wikipedia"} ! holocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="FMA", inconsistent_with="BTO"} ! epidermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006003 ! skin adnexa
relationship: secretes UBERON:0001866 ! sebum
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="VHOG"} ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:361697005 ! Entire sebaceous gland
subset: organ_slim
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005088 {evidence="definitional"} ! sebaceous gland placode
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/HairFollicle.png
property_value: external_definition "Any of the numerous holocrine glands in the dermis that empty into a hair follicle and produce and secrete sebum. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001468", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sebaceous+gland", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Sebaceous glands are also limited to mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001468", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.102", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0036505

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003487
name: skin sebaceous gland
def: "A holocrine gland of the dermis that secretes sebum into hair follicles." [MP:0009535]
synonym: "sebaceous gland of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cutaneous sebaceous gland" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000149 ! skin sebaceous gland
xref: SCTID:115977007 ! Cutaneous sebaceous gland
is_a: UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011932 {source="FMA"} ! pilosebaceous unit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001822
name: orbital septum
def: "a membranous sheet that acts as the anterior boundary of the orbit. It extends from the orbital rims to the eyelids[WP]." [Wikipedia:Orbital_septum]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:59328 ! Orbital septum
xref: MA:0001259 ! orbital septum
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
is_a: UBERON:0000094 ! membrane organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001697 ! orbital region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004772 ! eyelid tarsus
xref: SCTID:368859002 ! Entire orbital septum
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "septum orbitale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbital_septum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Gray891.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011576
name: supra-orbital region of bone
def: "a bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates. In Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans) the eyebrows are located on their lower margin[WP]." [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
comment: see also: xref: AAO:0000590 ! supraorbital flange and teleost supraorbital bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113  ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697  ! orbital region
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbital_Ridge ! orbital ridge
xref: FMA:53097 ! supra-orbital margin of frontal bone
xref: FMA:57137 ! supraorbital surface of frontal bone
synonym: "eyebrow bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "supraorbital arch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "frontal torus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "supraorbital torus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "superciliary ridge" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "arcus superciliaris " RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "supraorbital margin" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "margin of the orbit" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "frontal torus" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "supraorbital torus" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_ridge]
synonym: "supra-orbital margin of frontal bone" RELATED [FMA:53097]
synonym: "margo supraorbitalis (os frontale)" RELATED [FMA:53097]
synonym: "supraorbital surface of frontal bone" RELATED [FMA:57137]
xref: UMLS:C2826587
property_value: taxon_notes "Neanderthals have a Supraorbital torus, a prominent, trabecular (spongy) brow ridge." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_anatomy", taxon="NCBITaxon:63221"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001824
name: mucosa of larynx
def: "the mucous lining of the larynx, which is composed of squamous epithelium in the upper larynx and ciliated columnar epithelium in the lower larynx." [MP:0002261]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "laryngeal mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "larynx mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "mucous membrane of larynx" EXACT []
synonym: "larynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "larynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "larynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59662 ! Mucosa of larynx
xref: GAID:301 ! laryngeal mucosa
xref: MA:0001766 ! larynx mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Mucosa ! Laryngeal Mucosa
xref: EMAPA:18334 ! mucous membranes (also: UBERON:0004785 'respiratory system mucosa')
xref: MESH:A04.329.597 ! laryngeal mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
synonym: "tunica mucosa laryngis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:59662]
xref: SCTID:361940006 ! Entire mucous membrane of larynx
xref: UMLS:C0023053

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001825
name: paranasal sinus
def: "Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces, communicating with the nasal cavity, within the bones of the skull and face. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Paranasal_sinuses]
comment: Arise as epithelial lined diverticula of the lining of the nasal cavity. The extent of sinus development varies with species, most of the development occurs postnatally
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nasal sinus" RELATED [GAID:355]
synonym: "sinus" BROAD []
xref: FMA:59679 ! Paranasal sinus
xref: GAID:355 ! paranasal sinus
xref: MA:0000431 ! paranasal sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Paranasal_Sinus ! Paranasal Sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nnh_front.svg/200px-Nnh_front.svg.png
xref: MESH:A04.531.621 ! paranasal sinus
xref: EHDAA:6489 ! sinus
xref: EV:0100038 ! sinus
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001707 ! nasal cavity
xref: SCTID:181203001 ! Entire nasal sinus
xref: UMLS:C0030471

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013074
name: cornual sinus
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006967 ! horn
xref: SCTID:53994006 ! Cornual sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001827
name: lacrimal gland secretion
def: "A substance secreted the lacrimal gland.[Automatically generated definition]" [Wikipedia:Tear, OBOL:automatical]
synonym: "tear" EXACT [FMA:59756]
synonym: "tears" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "lacrimal secretion" EXACT []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: ENVO:02000034
xref: FMA:59756 ! Tear
xref: GAID:1173 ! tear
xref: MA:0002508 ! tear
xref: ncithesaurus:Tear ! Tear
xref: BTO:0001499 ! tear
xref: galen:Tear ! tear
xref: galen:Tears ! tears
xref: MESH:A12.200.882 ! tear
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0001817 ! lacrimal gland
xref: UMLS:C0039409

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001828
name: gingiva
def: "The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]." [Wikipedia:Gingiva, ISBN10:0013002015]
comment: Editor notes: FMA has a 3-level breakdown of jaws into: region, jaw (skeleton+gums), skeleton.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gingival mucosa" RELATED []
synonym: "gums" EXACT []
synonym: "gum" EXACT [FMA:59762]
synonym: "gum tissue" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: BTO:0000519
xref: FMA:59762 ! Gingiva
xref: GAID:1257 ! gingiva
xref: galen:Gingiva
xref: VHOG:0001269 ! gum
xref: MA:0000342 ! gingiva
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViWnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Gingiva ! Gingiva
xref: EFO:0001925 ! gum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg/200px-Tooth_Section.svg.png
xref: MESH:A14.254.646.480 ! gingiva
xref: EV:0100064 ! gum
is_a: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011595 ! jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003729 {source="Carranza"} ! mouth mucosa
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0003729 {source="ISBN10:0013002015"} ! mouth mucosa
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0008266 ! periodontal ligament
xref: SCTID:181224006 ! Entire gingiva
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "gingival" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0017562

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011601
name: gingiva of upper jaw
synonym: "upper jaw gingiva" EXACT  [FMA:59763]
synonym: "gum of maxilla" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001828 ! gingiva
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
xref: FMA:59763 ! gingiva of upper jaw
xref: EMAPA:18970 ! gum of upper jaw
xref: SCTID:304703001 ! Entire gum of maxilla
synonym: "gum of upper jaw" EXACT [EMAPA:18970]
def: "A gingiva that is part of a upper jaw region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011602
name: gingiva of lower jaw
synonym: "lower jaw gingiva" EXACT  [FMA:59764]
synonym: "gum of mandible" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001828 ! gingiva
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
xref: FMA:59764 ! gingiva of lower jaw
xref: EMAPA:18967 ! gum of lower jaw
synonym: "gum of lower jaw" EXACT [EMAPA:18967]
xref: SCTID:304704007 ! Entire gum of mandible
def: "A gingiva that is part of a lower jaw region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001829
name: major salivary gland
def: "the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands." [MP:0003792]
comment: There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands in human and mouse[ISBN10:0123813611]
xref: FMA:59788 ! Major salivary gland
xref: MA:0002478 ! major salivary gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Major_Salivary_Gland ! Major Salivary Gland
xref: galen:MajorSalivaryGland ! major salivary gland
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="MA"} ! exocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 {source="MA"} ! mouth
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
xref: SCTID:303049006 ! Entire major salivary gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0930553

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001830
name: minor salivary gland
def: "the smaller, largely mucus-secreting, exocrine glands of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine glands[MP]. There are over 600 minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity within the lamina propria of the oral mucosa. They are 1-2mm in diameter and unlike the other glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue only surrounded by it. The gland is usually a number of acini connected in a tiny lobule. A minor salivary gland may have a common excretory duct with another gland, or may have its own excretory duct. Their secretion is mainly mucous in nature (except for Von Ebner's glands) and have many functions such as coating the oral cavity with saliva. Problems with dentures are usually associated with minor salivary glands[WP]." [Wikipedia:Salivary_gland#Minor_Salivary_Glands, MP:0003791]
xref: FMA:59789 ! Minor salivary gland
xref: GAID:940 ! minor salivary gland
xref: MA:0002479 ! minor salivary gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Minor_Salivary_Gland ! Minor Salivary Gland
xref: galen:MinorSalivaryGland ! minor salivary gland
xref: MESH:A10.336.779.650 ! minor salivary gland
is_a: UBERON:0001044 ! salivary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005334 ! oral lamina propria
xref: SCTID:362177001 ! Entire minor salivary gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0036099

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001831
name: parotid gland
def: "The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Parotid_gland]
comment: The mouse parotid, exorbital lacrimal gland and exocrine pancreas have similar histological appearances[ISBN10:0123813611]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "parotid" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001004 ! parotid gland
xref: FMA:59790 ! Parotid gland
xref: GAID:938 ! parotid gland
xref: VHOG:0000308 ! parotid gland
xref: MA:0001585 ! parotid gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Parotid_Gland ! Parotid Gland
xref: EFO:0002558 ! parotid gland
xref: galen:ParotidGland ! parotid gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqwyg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! parotid gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18537 ! parotid
xref: MESH:A10.336.779.464 ! parotid gland
xref: EV:0100060 ! parotid gland
is_a: UBERON:0001829 ! major salivary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001567 ! cheek
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008801 ! parotid gland primordium
xref: AAO:0010095 ! parotid glands
xref: SCTID:181234002 ! Entire parotid gland
synonym: "glandula parotidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parotid_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Illu_quiz_hn_02.jpg
property_value: external_definition "A mammalian salivary gland located caudal to the ear. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-22, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000308", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The most common oral glands in mammals are the salivary glands. There are usually three primary pairs of salivary glands, named for their approximate positions: mandibular (submandibular or submaxillary), sublingual, and parotid.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000308", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.525", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001710 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! lower jaw region
xref: UMLS:C0030580

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008801 ! parotid gland primordium
name: parotid gland primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="Obol"} ! primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0001413 ! parotid gland primordium
xref: EHDAA:9246 ! parotid gland primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001832 ! sublingual gland
name: sublingual gland
def: "The sublingual glands are salivary glands in the mouth. They lie anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue, beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth. They are drained by 8-20 excretory ducts called the ducts of Rivinus. The largest duct, the sublingual duct (of Bartholin) joins the submandibular duct to drain through the sublingual caruncle. The sublingual gland consists mostly of Mucous acini capped with serous demilunes and is therefore categorized as a mixed gland. Most of the remaining small sublingual ducts open separately into the mouth on an elevated crest of mucous membrane, the sublingual fold, caused by the gland and on either side of the frenulum linguae. The chorda tympani nerve is secretomotor to the sublingual glands. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sublingual_gland]
comment: Single lobed in mouse; largest acini of the 3 rodent salivary glands. In human and mouse, secretions are predominantly mucinous[ISBN10:0123813611]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ductus sublingualis" EXACT []
synonym: "Rivinus' gland" EXACT []
synonym: "Rivinus gland" RELATED [BTO:0001315]
synonym: "submaxillary gland" RELATED  [MA:0001589]
synonym: "sublingual salivary gland" RELATED  []
xref: BTO:0001315
xref: FMA:59791 ! Sublingual gland
xref: GAID:941 ! sublingual gland
xref: VHOG:0000363 ! sublingual gland
xref: MA:0001588 ! sublingual gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray1024.png/200px-Gray1024.png
xref: EMAPA:18809 ! sublingual gland
xref: MESH:A10.336.779.687 ! sublingual gland
xref: EV:0100062 ! sublingual gland
is_a: UBERON:0001829 {source="FMA"} ! major salivary gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006297 ! sublingual gland primordium
xref: SCTID:362176005 ! Entire sublingual gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Sublingual_Salivary_Gland ! Sublingual Salivary Gland
synonym: "glandula sublingualis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sublingual_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray1024.png
property_value: external_definition "One of a pair of small salivary glands situated under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, beneath the tongue. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000363", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sublingual+gland", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Most mammals have well-developed parotid, mandibular, and sublingual glands.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000363", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.553", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0038553

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001833
name: lip
def: "One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. " [Wikipedia:Lip, http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9458]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lips" RELATED []
xref: FMA:59816 ! Lip
xref: GAID:76 ! lip
xref: VHOG:0000677 ! lip
xref: MA:0000343 ! lip
xref: ncithesaurus:Lip
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0007006 ! lip
xref: ZFA:0007006 ! lip
xref: BTO:0001647 ! lip
xref: galen:Lip ! lip
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lip
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mouth.jpg/200px-Mouth.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.631.515 ! lip
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000166 ! oral opening
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: SCTID:181221003 ! Entire lip
synonym: "labia oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lip]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Lips.JPG
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0007006", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator", source="http:www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9458"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "labial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0023759

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011592 ! future upper lip
name: future upper lip
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 {source="EHDAA2"} ! upper jaw region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004068 {notes="fusion"} ! medial nasal prominence
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005868 {notes="fusion"} ! maxillary prominence
xref: EHDAA2:0002120 ! upper jaw future lip
synonym: "upper jaw future lip" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002120]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001834
name: upper lip
alt_id: UBERON:0003391
def: "Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]." [Wikipedia:Upper_lip, TAO:0001970]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "upper jaw lip" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:59817 ! Upper lip
xref: MA:0000919 ! upper lip
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWPv7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ZFA:0005226 ! upper lip
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWPv7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! upper lip
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg/200px-Illu01_head_neck.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17925 ! lip of upper jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0001833 ! lip
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0011592 ! future upper lip
xref: SCTID:245776003 ! Entire upper lip
xref: TAO:0001970 ! upper lip
synonym: "labium superius oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Upper_lip]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg
xref: VHOG:0001750 ! upper lip
property_value: external_definition "Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001970", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth. [ZFIN:Curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001750", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011596
name: future lower lip
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lower jaw region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005867 {source="Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence"} ! mandibular prominence
xref: EHDAA2:0001020 ! lower jaw future lip (also: UBERON:0001835 'lower lip')
synonym: "lower jaw future lip" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001020]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001835
name: lower lip
alt_id: UBERON:0003392
def: "Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]." [Wikipedia:Lower_lip, TAO:0002060]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lower jaw lip" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:59818 ! Lower lip
xref: MA:0000921 ! lower lip
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv842UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ZFA:0005225 ! lower lip
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv842UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lower lip
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mouth.jpg/200px-Mouth.jpg
xref: EHDAA2:0001020 ! lower jaw future lip (also: UBERON:0011596 'future lower lip')
xref: EMAPA:17909 ! lip of lower jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0001833 ! lip
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011596 ! lower jaw future lip
xref: SCTID:245777007 ! Entire lower lip
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Lip ! lower lip
xref: TAO:0002060 ! lower lip
synonym: "labium inferius oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lower_lip]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Mouth.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002060", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
xref: UMLS:C0458583

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005402
name: philtrum
def: "medial cleft extending from the nose to the upper lip" [Wikipedia:Philtrum]
comment: Taxon notes: vestigial in humans. n humans, the philtrum is formed where the nasomedial and maxillary processes meet during embryonic development (colloquially known as Hulse lines). When these processes fail to fuse fully in humans, a cleft lip (sometimes called a 'hare lip') can result. A flattened or smooth philtrum can be a symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome
synonym: "infranasal depression" RELATED [Wikipedia:Philtrum]
synonym: "lip philtrum" EXACT [MA:0001577]
xref: FMA:59819 ! Philtrum
xref: MA:0001577 ! lip philtrum
xref: EHDAA2:0001462 ! philtrum
xref: EHDAA:9280 ! philtrum
xref: EMAPA:17926 ! philtrum
xref: VHOG:0000862 ! philtrum
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
is_a: UBERON:0006846 {source="EHDAA2"} ! groove
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001834 {source="EMAPA"} ! upper lip
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia 
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004068 {source="Wikipedia"} ! medial nasal prominence
xref: SCTID:362087004 ! Entire philtrum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011256
name: rhinarium
def: "Moist, hairless, crenelated area around nostrils of some mammals" [Wikipedia:Rhinarium, http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/glossary.htm]
comment: Absent in Tarsiers
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007827 ! external nose
relationship: surrounds  UBERON:0005928 ! external naris
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia 

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001836
name: saliva
def: "In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin[GO]." [GO:0046541, Wikipedia:Saliva]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "salivary gland secretion" EXACT [FMA:59862]
xref: BTO:0001202
xref: ENVO:02000036
xref: FMA:59862 ! Saliva
xref: GAID:1167 ! saliva
xref: MA:0002507 ! saliva
xref: MAT:0000444 ! saliva
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJ95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Saliva ! Saliva
xref: galen:Saliva ! saliva
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJ95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! saliva
xref: MESH:A12.200.666 ! saliva
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007586 ! digestion
synonym: "saliva atomaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Saliva]
synonym: "sailva normalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Saliva]
synonym: "saliva molecularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Saliva]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "salivary" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0036087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001837
name: duct of salivary gland
def: "An intralobular duct found in salivary glands and involved in the production and transport of their secretions[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Salivary_duct, BTO:0005115]
comment: check taxonomy coverage - define functionally?
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "secretory duct" RELATED  [BTO:0005115]
synonym: "salivary duct" EXACT []
synonym: "salivary gland duct" EXACT []
xref: FMA:59908 ! Duct of salivary gland
xref: GAID:939 ! salivary duct
xref: MA:0001586 ! salivary duct
xref: MESH:A10.336.779.640 ! salivary duct
xref: BTO:0005115 ! salivary duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001044 ! salivary gland
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001836 ! saliva
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001044 ! salivary gland
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
xref: SCTID:181238004 ! Entire salivary duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001838
name: sublingual duct
def: "The excretory ducts of the sublingual gland are from eight to twenty in number. Of the smaller sublingual ducts (ducts of Rivinus), some join the submandibular duct; others open separately into the mouth, on the elevated crest of mucous membrane (plica sublingualis), caused by the projection of the gland, on either side of the frenulum linguae. One or more join to form the major sublingual duct (larger sublingual duct, duct of Bartholin), which opens into the submandibular duct. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sublingual_duct]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:59983 ! Sublingual duct
xref: MA:0002699 ! sublingual duct
xref: BTO:0004558 ! sublingual gland duct (also: UBERON:0003985 'major sublingual duct')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001837 ! duct of salivary gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001832 ! sublingual gland
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001832 ! sublingual gland
xref: SCTID:281000009 ! Entire sublingual duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001349
name: vestibule
def: "Anatomical cavity that connects an organ cavity, organ cavity subdivision or cavity of body part subdivision to the exterior, completely or partially surrounded by organs or organ parts that are lined by epithelium. Examples: preputial cavity, vestibule of vagina.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Vestibule_(disambiguation)#Anatomy, FMA:20192, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:20192 ! Vestibule
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001846
name: internal ear
def: "Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation." [PMID:16217737, Wikipedia:Internal_ear, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inner ear" EXACT []
synonym: "labyrinth" RELATED []
synonym: "otocyst" RELATED []
synonym: "auris interna" RELATED [BTO:0000630]
xref: AAO:0000238 ! inner_ear
xref: BTO:0000630 ! inner ear
xref: EHDAA:504 ! inner ear
xref: FMA:60909 ! Internal ear
xref: galen:InnerEar
xref: VHOG:0000284 ! inner ear
xref: MA:0000237 ! inner ear
xref: MAT:0000145 ! inner ear
xref: MIAA:0000145 ! inner ear
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1196 ! Inner ear
xref: TAO:0000217 ! inner ear
xref: XAO:0000192 ! inner ear
xref: ZFA:0000217 ! inner ear
xref: GAID:871  ! labyrinth
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Ear ! Internal Ear
xref: EFO:0001363 ! inner ear structure
xref: EHDAA2:0000831 ! inner ear
xref: EHDAA:504 ! inner ear
xref: EMAPA:16194 ! inner ear
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJ8SsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! inner ear
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631 ! labyrinth
xref: EV:0100361 ! internal ear
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001690 ! ear
xref: SCTID:181189006 ! Entire inner ear
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003051 {evidence="definitional"} ! ear vesicle
property_value: external_definition "The auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance) organ of the fish, equivalent to the inner ear of amniotes. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000217", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The labyrinth, or inner ear, evolved very early in vertebrate history and, with many variations in configuration but none of basic design and function, has been retained by all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000284", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.366", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0022889

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006937
name: inner ear epithelium
xref: MA:0001189 ! inner ear epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
def: "An epithelium that is part of a internal ear." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010113
name: future membranous labyrinth
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005641 ! otocyst epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001849 ! membranous labyrinth
xref: EHDAA2:0000899 ! future membranous labyrinth
def: "A multi-tissue structure that develops_into a membranous labyrinth." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001849
name: membranous labyrinth
def: "Organ with organ cavity which consists of the vestibular labyrinth and the cochlear labyrinth. Examples: There are only two membranous labyrinths, the right and the left.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Membranous_labyrinth, FMA:FMA]
comment: inner ear has parts membranous and osseuous/bony labyrinth. it's not clear where the edinburgh terms 'labyrinth' belong, we place them here for now
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61022 ! Membranous labyrinth
xref: VHOG:0000729 ! membranous labyrinth
xref: MA:0000242 ! membranous labyrinth
xref: XAO:0000194 ! membranous labyrinth
xref: EHDAA:4698 ! labyrinth
xref: EMAPA:17815 ! labyrinth
xref: ncithesaurus:Membranous_Labyrinth ! Membranous Labyrinth
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray924.png/200px-Gray924.png
xref: EV:0100367 ! membranous labyrinth
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
xref: AAO:0011060 ! membranous labyrinth
xref: SCTID:263790009 ! Entire membranous labyrinth
subset: organ_slim
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010113 {evidence="definitional"} ! future membranous labyrinth
synonym: "labyrinthus membranaceus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Membranous_labyrinth]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray924.png
property_value: external_definition "A system of communicating epithelial sacs and ducts within the bony labyrinth, containing the endolymph. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000729", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/membranous+labyrinth", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The labyrinth, or inner ear, evolved very early in vertebrate history and, with many variations in configuration but none of basic design and function, has been retained by all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000729", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.366", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0458700

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001862
name: vestibular labyrinth
def: "The part of the membranous labyrinth that includes the utricle and saccule lodged within the vestibule and the semicircular ducts lodged eccentrically in the corresponding canals." [BTO:0001856]
synonym: "labyrinthus vestibularis" RELATED [BTO:0001856]
synonym: "vestibular apparatus" RELATED []
synonym: "vestibular component" BROAD []
synonym: "inner ear vestibular component" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000832]
xref: FMA:61255 ! Vestibular labyrinth
xref: MA:0000245 ! vestibular labyrinth
xref: ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Labyrinth ! Vestibular Labyrinth
xref: BTO:0001856 ! vestibular labyrinth
xref: EHDAA2:0000832 ! inner ear vestibular component
xref: EHDAA:4706 ! vestibular component
xref: EMAPA:17286 ! vestibular component of inner ear
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001849 ! membranous labyrinth
xref: XAO:0004145 ! vestibular apparatus
xref: SCTID:181188003 ! Vestibular apparatus (also: UBERON:0005236 'osseus labyrinth vestibule')
xref: UMLS:C0042606

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006586 ! otolymph
name: otolymph
xref: MA:0002527 ! otolymph
xref: ncithesaurus:Otolymph ! otolymph
is_a: UBERON:0007779 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! transudate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
xref: UMLS:C1518679

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001845
name: perilymph
def: "Transudate contained in the osseous labyrinth outside the membranous labyrinth.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Perilymph, FMA:FMA]
synonym: "perilympha" RELATED [Wikipedia:Perilymph]
synonym: "liquor cotunnii" RELATED [Wikipedia:Perilymph]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:60908 ! Perilymph
xref: GAID:1185 ! perilymph
xref: MA:0002529 ! perilymph
xref: ncithesaurus:Perilymph ! Perilymph
xref: ZFA:0005413 ! perilymph
xref: MESH:A12.207.571.678 ! perilymph
is_a: UBERON:0006586 ! otolymph
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001849 {source="Wikipedia"} ! membranous labyrinth
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001839 ! bony labyrinth
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002278 ! perilymphatic space
xref: TAO:0005413 ! perilymph
xref: UMLS:C0031059

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002278 ! perilymphatic space
name: perilymphatic space
def: "The fluid-filled space separating the membranous from the osseous labyrinth." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "Retzius space" RELATED []
synonym: "spatium perilymphaticum" RELATED []
xref: FMA:77745 ! Perilymphatic space
xref: BTO:0002083 ! perilymphatic space
xref: ZFA:0005459 ! perilymphatic space
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001849 ! membranous labyrinth
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001839 ! bony labyrinth
xref: SCTID:362576001 ! Entire perilymphatic space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011060
name: perilymphatic channel
def: "A channel containing perilymph passing through the temporal bone, connecting the scala tympani of the cochlea to the subarachnoid space." [MESH:A09.246.631.246.280, Wikipedia:Perilymphatic_duct]
comment: Editor notes: relationship to FMA class unclear
synonym: "cochlear aqueduct" RELATED  [MESH:A09.246.631.246.280, FMA:77822]
synonym: "perilymphatic duct" RELATED  [MESH:A09.246.631.246.280]
synonym: "perilymphatic space" RELATED  [MA:0000248]
synonym: "ductus perilymphaticus" EXACT [AAO:0000136]
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001845 ! perilymph
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 {source="MA"} ! internal ear
xref: AAO:0000136 ! ductus perilymphaticus
xref: MA:0000248 ! perilymphatic channel
xref: ZFA:0005461 ! perilymphatic duct
xref: SCTID:368950002 ! Entire perilymphatic duct
xref: FMA:77822 ! Cochlear aqueduct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001852 ! endolymph
name: endolymph
def: "Transudate contained within the membranous labyrinth.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Endolymph, FMA:61112]
synonym: "Scarpa's fluid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Endolymph]
synonym: "endolympha" RELATED [Wikipedia:Endolymph]
synonym: "endolymphatic fluid" EXACT []
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:61112 ! Endolymph
xref: GAID:1184 ! endolymph
xref: MA:0002528 ! endolymph
xref: ncithesaurus:Endolymph ! Endolymph
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: ZFA:0005414 ! endolymph
xref: MESH:A12.207.571.324 ! endolymph
is_a: UBERON:0006586 ! otolymph
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001849 {source="Wikipedia"} ! membranous labyrinth
relationship: has_function_in GO:0055127 ! vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear
xref: TAO:0005414 ! endolymph
synonym: "endolympha" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Endolymph]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: UMLS:C0014166
property_value: has_relational_adjective "otolymphic" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011078
name: endolymphatic space
xref: FMA:77823 ! endolymphatic space
xref: SCTID:279856000 ! Endolymphatic space
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001849 {source="Wikipedia"} ! membranous labyrinth
property_value: has_relational_adjective "endoymphatic" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001860
name: endolymphatic duct
def: "From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the endolymphatic duct, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Endolymphatic_duct]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ductus endolymphaticus" EXACT LATIN [AAO:0000135]
xref: FMA:61246 ! Endolymphatic duct
xref: GAID:886 ! endolymphatic duct
xref: MA:0001187 ! endolymphatic duct
xref: ZFA:0001705 ! endolymphatic duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray924.png/200px-Gray924.png
xref: EMAPA:18580 ! endolymphatic duct
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.957.360 ! endolymphatic duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001849 ! membranous labyrinth
xref: SCTID:362567008 ! Entire endolymphatic duct
xref: TAO:0002194 ! endolymphatic duct
xref: AAO:0000135 ! ductus endolymphaticus
synonym: "ductus endolymphaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Endolymphatic_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray924.png
property_value: external_definition "Duct that is part of the inner ear and connects to the semicircular canals ending in a pouch.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002194", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="http:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endolymphatic_duct"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "endoymphatic" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002223
name: endolymphatic sac
def: "From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch, the endolymphatic sac, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. Studies suggest that the endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac perform both absorptive and secretory, as well as phagocytic and immunodefensive,functions . [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Endolymphatic_sac]
comment: Editor's note: EHDAA2 structure is embryonic
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "saccus endolymphaticus" EXACT [AAO:0000551]
xref: EHDAA:7761 ! endolymphatic sac
xref: FMA:75639 ! Endolymphatic sac
xref: GAID:887 ! endolymphatic sac
xref: VHOG:0000791 ! endolymphatic sac
xref: MA:0001188 ! endolymphatic sac
xref: EHDAA2:0000441 ! endolymphatic sac
xref: EMAPA:17593 ! endolymphatic sac
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.957.360.701 ! endolymphatic sac
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 {source="VHOG"} ! internal ear
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006226 {source="EHDAA2"} ! endolymphatic appendage
xref: SCTID:279810008 ! Entire endolymphatic sac
xref: AAO:0000551 ! saccus endolymphaticus
synonym: "saccus endolymphaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Endolymphatic_sac]
property_value: external_definition "The blind extremity of the endolymphatic duct. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000791", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endolymphatic+sac", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Many adult anamniotes have an endolymphatic duct that opens onto the surface of the head. In other vertebrates, it either is lost or forms a small, deeply seated endolymphatic sac.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000791", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.413-414 and Figure 12-15", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001839
name: bony labyrinth
def: "A system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth]
comment: Ideally we would place a spatially disjoint from relationship to membranous labyrinth, but there are many parts in common. this should be resolved.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "osseous labyrinth" EXACT []
synonym: "osseus labyrinth" RELATED []
xref: FMA:60179 ! Bony labyrinth
xref: MA:0000238 ! bony labyrinth
xref: XAO:0000193 ! osseous labyrinth
xref: ncithesaurus:Osseous_Labyrinth ! Osseous Labyrinth
xref: VHOG:0001219 ! osseus labyrinth
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray920.png/200px-Gray920.png
xref: BTO:0004685 ! bony labyrinth
xref: EV:0100362 ! osseous labyrinth
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 ! petrous part of temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004681 ! vestibular system
xref: AAO:0011078 ! osseous labyrinth
xref: SCTID:279727008 ! Entire bony labyrinth
synonym: "labyrinthus osseus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gray920.png
xref: UMLS:C0458699

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005236
name: osseus labyrinth vestibule
def: "A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear." [Wikipedia:Vestibule_of_the_ear, BTO:0003382]
synonym: "vestibular apparatus" RELATED [GAID:881]
synonym: "vestibule" BROAD [XAO:0000199, MP:0000034]
synonym: "inner ear vestibule" RELATED [BTO:0003382]
synonym: "inner ear vestibulum" EXACT [BTO:0003382]
synonym: "bony labyrinth vestibule" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibule of bony labyrinth" EXACT [FMA:60183]
synonym: "osseous labyrinth vestibule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001220
xref: GAID:881 ! vestibule
xref: XAO:0000199 ! vestibule
xref: MA:0001185 ! osseus labyrinth vestibule
xref: BTO:0003382 ! inner ear vestibulum
xref: ncithesaurus:Vestibule ! Vestibule
xref: FMA:60183 ! Vestibule of bony labyrinth
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909 ! vestibule
xref: EV:0100366 ! vestibule
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001349
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001839 ! bony labyrinth
xref: AAO:0000984 ! vestibule
xref: SCTID:181188003 ! Vestibular apparatus (also: UBERON:0001862 'vestibular labyrinth')
synonym: "vestibulum labyrinthi, vestibulum auris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibule_of_the_ear]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray919.png
property_value: external_definition "A tube leading from the external naris to the nasal cavity.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000984", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
synonym: "vestibular part of bony labyrinth" RELATED [FMA:60183]
property_value: external_definition "The vestibule is the central part of the osseous labyrinth, and is situated medial to the tympanic cavity, behind the cochlea, and in front of the semicircular canals. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibule_of_the_ear][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001220", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0458718

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002518
name: otolith organ
def: "saccule or utricle." [Wikipedia:Otolith_organ]
comment: Editor notes: Representation of utricle, sacule and otoliths in correspondence to other ontologies may require review. In EHDAA2, saccule and utricle are epithelia
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "otolith organs" RELATED [ZFA:0000559]
synonym: "utricle and saccule" RELATED  [MESH:A09.246.631.909.625]
synonym: "saccule and utricle" RELATED  [MESH:A09.246.631.909.625]
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.625 ! saccule and utricle
xref: MA:0002841 ! otolith organ
xref: ZFA:0000559 ! otolith organ
xref: GAID:883 ! saccule and utricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg/200px-Bigotolith.jpg
xref: EFO:0003539 ! otolith organ
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001862 ! vestibular labyrinth
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060007 ! linear vestibuloocular reflex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003051 ! ear vesicle
subset: organ_slim
xref: TAO:0000559 ! otolith organ
xref: VHOG:0001676 ! otolith organ
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, as in other vertebrates, the vestibular end-organs are divided into a gravity receptor system, with three subdivisions and an angular acceleration receptor system. The gravity receptor system on each side consists of utricular, saccular, and lagenar maculae, each covered by an otolith (reference 1); (...)considerations have led to our rethinking issues related to the origin of several aspects of vertebrate hearing, and to the view that many basic auditory functions evolved very early in vertebrate history, and that the functions observed in more `advanced' vertebrates, such as birds and mammals, are frequently modifications of themes first encountered in fishes, and perhaps even more ancestral animals (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001676", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:11581521 Moorman SJ\, Development of sensory systems in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ILAR Journal (2001)\, DOI:10.1016/S0378-5955(00)00168-4 Fay RR\, Popper AN\, Evolution of hearing in vertebrates: the inner ears and processing. Hearing research (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001853
name: utricle of membranous labyrinth
def: "one of the two otolith organs located in the vertebrate inner ear. These use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation. The utricle is larger than the saccule and is of an oblong form, compressed transversely, and occupies the upper and back part of the vestibule, lying in contact with the recessus ellipticus and the part below it. The utricle contains mechanoreceptors called hair cells that distinguish between degrees of tilting of the head, thanks to their apical cilia set-up. These are covered by otolith which, due to gravity, pull on the cilia and tilt them. Depending on whether the tilt is in the direction of the kinocilium or not, the resulting hair cell polarisation is excitatory (depolarising) or inhibitory (hyperpolarisation), respectively. This signal to the vestibular nerve (which takes it to the brainstem) does not adapt with time. The effect of this is that, for example, an individual lying down to sleep will continue to detect that they are lying down hours later when they awaken[WP]." [Wikipedia:Utricle_(ear)]
comment: XAO/AAO to be checked - see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5; AAO has both utricle and utriculus; these are generally considered synonyms - e.g. http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=utriculus
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "membranous labyrinth utricle" EXACT []
synonym: "utricle" EXACT []
synonym: "utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)" EXACT []
synonym: "utriculus" EXACT [ZFA:0000700]
xref: EHDAA:4726 ! utricle
xref: FMA:61113 ! Utricle of membranous labyrinth
xref: VHOG:0000289 ! utricle
xref: MA:0000247 ! utricle
xref: TAO:0000700 ! utricle
xref: XAO:0000195 ! utricle
xref: ZFA:0000700 ! utricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Utricle ! Utricle
xref: BTO:0001807 ! utricle
xref: EHDAA2:0002153 ! utricle
xref: EMAPA:17293 ! utricle
xref: AAO:0000625 ! utriculus
xref: AAO:0011109 ! utricle
xref: EV:0100368 ! utricle
is_a: UBERON:0002518 {source="ZFA", source="Wikipedia"} ! otolith organ
xref: SCTID:279817006 ! Entire utricle
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "The portion of the membranous labyrinth of the ear into which the semicircular ducts find their outlet. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000289", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000289", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.413-414", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0042158

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001854
name: saccule of membranous labyrinth
def: "A bed of sensory cells situated in the inner ear. The saccule translates head movements into neural impulses which the brain can interpret. The saccule is sensitive to linear translations of the head, specifically movements up and down (think about moving on an elevator). When the head moves vertically, the sensory cells of the saccule are disturbed and the neurons connected to them begin transmitting impulses to the brain. These impulses travel along the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve to the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem. is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs. It is globular in form and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Its cavity does not directly communicate with that of the utricle. The anterior part of the saccule exhibits an oval thickening, the macula acustica sacculi, or macula, to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the acoustic nerve or cranial nerve VIII[WP]." [Wikipedia:Saccule]
comment: XAO/AAO to be checked - see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "membranous labyrinth saccule" EXACT []
synonym: "saccule" EXACT []
synonym: "sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)" EXACT []
synonym: "sacculus" EXACT [ZFA:0000428]
xref: EHDAA:4712 ! saccule
xref: FMA:61116 ! Saccule of membranous labyrinth
xref: VHOG:0000374 ! saccule
xref: MA:0000246 ! saccule
xref: TAO:0000428 ! saccule
xref: ZFA:0000428 ! saccule
xref: ncithesaurus:Saccule ! Saccule
xref: BTO:0001805 ! saccule
xref: EHDAA2:0001769 ! saccule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg/200px-Bigotolith.jpg
xref: XAO:0000196 ! sacculus
xref: EMAPA:17290 ! saccule
xref: AAO:0000550 ! sacculus
xref: EV:0100369 ! saccule
is_a: UBERON:0002518 {source="ZFA", source="Wikipedia"} ! otolith organ
xref: SCTID:279827000 ! Entire saccule
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "sacculus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Saccule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The most ventral chamber of the membranous labyrinth. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-25, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000374", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus. (...) In all gnathostomes, the utriculus connects ventrally with a larger sac, called the sacculus (...) .[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000374", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.413-414", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0036029

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011774 ! utriculosaccular duct
name: utriculosaccular duct
def: "A duct connecting the the utricle to the saccule in the membranous labyrinth of the ear." [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/utriculosaccular%20duct]
comment: Alternate: leads from the utricle of the internal ear to the endolymphatic duct. - http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/utriculosaccular+duct. We assume a 3-way connection
synonym: "ductus utricosaccularis" EXACT  [FMA:61243]
synonym: "utricosaccular duct of membranous labyrinth" EXACT  [FMA:61243]
synonym: "Böttcher's canal" EXACT [http://en.wikipedia.org]
synonym: "utricosaccular duct" EXACT []
synonym: "utriculo-saccular duct" EXACT []
xref: FMA:61243 ! utriculosaccular duct
xref: SCTID:279811007 ! Entire utriculosaccular duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001853 ! utricle of membranous labyrinth
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001854 ! saccule of membranous labyrinth
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001860 ! endolymphatic duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001862 {source="MP"} ! vestibular labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003976
name: saccule duct
def: "the saccular portion of the utriculosaccular duct that normally extends from the sacculus to the endolymphatic duct" [MP:0009259]
synonym: "saccular duct" EXACT [MP:0009259]
synonym: "saccular part of utriculosaccular duct" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011774 ! utriculosaccular duct
relationship: connects UBERON:0001854 ! saccule of membranous labyrinth
relationship: connects UBERON:0001860 ! endolymphatic duct
xref: FMA:77825 ! saccular duct
xref: SCTID:279829002 ! Saccular opening of the utriculosaccular duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003977
name: utricle duct
def: "the utricular portion of the utriculosaccular duct that normally extends from the utriculus to the endolymphatic duct" [MP:0009260]
synonym: "utricular duct" EXACT [MP:0009260]
synonym: "utricular part of utriculosaccular duct" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011774 ! utriculosaccular duct
relationship: connects UBERON:0001853 ! utricle of membranous labyrinth
relationship: connects UBERON:0001860 ! endolymphatic duct
xref: FMA:77824 ! utricular duct
xref: SCTID:279819009 ! Utricular opening of the utriculosaccular duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001861
name: ductus reuniens
def: "The canalis reuniens of Hansen is part of the human inner ear. It connects the lower part of the saccule to the ductus cochlearis near its vestibular extremity." [Wikipedia:Canalis_reuniens_of_Hensen]
synonym: "canal of Henson" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canalis_reuniens_of_Hensen]
synonym: "canalis reuniens" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canalis_reuniens_of_Hensen]
synonym: "canalis reuniens of Hensen" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canalis_reuniens_of_Hensen]
synonym: "Hensen duct" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canalis_reuniens_of_Hensen]
synonym: "Hensen's duct" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canalis_reuniens_of_Hensen]
xref: FMA:61252 ! Ductus reuniens
xref: MA:0000244 ! ductus reuniens
xref: EMAPA:17287 ! ductus reuniens
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: connects UBERON:0001854 {source="Wikipedia"} ! saccule of membranous labyrinth
relationship: connects UBERON:0001855 {source="Wikipedia"} ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001862 {source="EMAPA"} ! vestibular labyrinth
xref: SCTID:279805009 ! Entire ductus reuniens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002519
name: otolithic membrane
def: "a gelatinous membrane located in the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear, and plays an essential role in the brain's interpretation of equilibrium. Both the saccular macula and utricular macula are covered by an otolithic membrane. The membrane is composed of crystalline particles of calcium carbonate called otoliths. When the head is moved the otoliths shift, causing cilia in the nearby saccule and utricle to distort. This produces nerve signals which are sent to the brain, which then uses them to establish its sense of balance. The embedded crystals are very and dense and make the density of the otolithic membrane higher than that of the endolymph surrounding it. When the head accelerates along a line or tilts to change its orientation to gravity, the otolithic membrane shifts relative to the bone supporting the maculae. This shift bends the hair cells whose processes are embedded in the otolithic membrane.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Otolithic_membrane]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "otolith layer of statoconial membrane" EXACT [FMA:75573]
synonym: "membrana statoconiorum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75573]
xref: FMA:75573 ! Otolith layer of statoconial membrane
xref: MA:0002842 ! otolithic membrane
xref: GAID:884 ! otolithic membrane
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.625.125.680 ! otolithic membrane
is_a: UBERON:0005764 {source="Wikipedia"} ! acellular membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001862 {source="MA"} ! vestibular labyrinth
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002518 {source="Wikipedia"} ! otolith organ
xref: SCTID:362571006 ! Entire otolithic membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001840
name: semicircular canal
def: "One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Note that MA divides this into osseous and duct. In FMA, this is systemically part of the bony labyrinth. Note this is an anatomical space in ZFA. The MA treatment has advantages for representing the neuroepithelium, which should not be part of bone. Also check duct vs canal
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "canalis semicircularis" RELATED  []
synonym: "ductus semicirculares" RELATED PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:71880, BTO:0003383]
xref: FMA:60186 ! Semicircular canal
xref: GAID:776 ! semicircular canal
xref: VHOG:0001144 ! semicircular canal
xref: MA:0000249 ! semicircular canal
xref: TAO:0000431 ! semicircular canal
xref: XAO:0000198 ! semicircular canal
xref: ZFA:0000431 ! semicircular canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Semicircular_Canal ! Semicircular Canal
xref: BTO:0003383 ! semicircular canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png/200px-Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.663 ! semicircular canal
xref: EV:0100365 ! semicircular canal
is_a: UBERON:0000025 {source="GO"} ! tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001849 {source="OG"} ! membranous labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 {source="MA"} ! internal ear
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003051 ! ear vesicle
xref: AAO:0011098 ! semicircular canal
xref: SCTID:279757004 ! Entire semicircular canal
synonym: "canalis semicircularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png
property_value: external_definition "Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000431", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "scc" RELATED [TAO:0000431]
synonym: "semicircular canals" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0000431]
property_value: homology_notes "In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus. These ducts are sometimes called canals, but technically the term semicircular canal applies to the spaces in the osseus labyrinth in which the semicircular ducts lie.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001144", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.414", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0036622

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007833
name: osseus semicircular canal
comment: consider adding FMA:60186 ! Semicircular canal here, as it is part of the bony labyrinth
synonym: "osseous semicircular canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000250 ! osseus semicircular canal
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {notes="checkme"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001839 {source="MA"} ! bony labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001840 {source="MA"} ! semicircular canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001856
name: semicircular duct
def: "any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium" [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/semicircular+duct]
comment: TODO - check canal vs duct. see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray927.png
synonym: "membranous semicircular canal" RELATED [MA:0000251]
synonym: "ductus semicirculares" RELATED PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:71880]
xref: FMA:61122 ! Semicircular duct
xref: VHOG:0000238 ! semicircular duct
xref: MA:0000251 ! semicircular duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Semicircular_Duct ! Semicircular Duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001862 {source="MA", source="FMA"} ! vestibular labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001840 {source="MA"} ! semicircular canal
xref: SCTID:279833009 ! Entire semicircular duct
property_value: homology_notes "In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus (...); Gnathostome ears have a horizontal semicircular duct. This brings their complement to three semicircular ducts, a pattern retained throughout gnathostome evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000238", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.413-414 and p.58", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1323109

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001857
name: anterior semicircular duct
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:61123 ! Anterior semicircular duct
xref: VHOG:0000246 ! anterior semicircular duct
xref: MA:0001211 ! anterior semicircular duct
is_a: UBERON:0001856 ! semicircular duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001841 ! anterior semicircular canal
xref: SCTID:279836001 ! Entire anterior semicircular duct
synonym: "superior semicircular duct" RELATED [VHOG:0000246]
property_value: homology_notes "Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. (...) Vertebrates also have at least two vertical semicircular ducts (...). In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000246", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.53 and p.413-414", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001858
name: posterior semicircular duct
def: "The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear. The three canals are the horizontal semicircular canal (also known as the lateral semicircular canal), superior semicircular canal (also known as the anterior semicircular canal), and the posterior semicircular canal. The canals are aligned approximately orthogonally to one another. The horizontal canal is aligned roughly horizontally in the head. The superior and anterior canals are aligned roughly at a 45 degree angle to a vertical plane drawn from the nose to the back of the skull. Thus, the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette), while the superior and posterior canals detect vertical head movements. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain. The semicircular canals are a component of the Labyrinth. Among species of mammals, the size of the semicircular canals is correlated with their type of locomotion. Specifically, species that are agile and have fast, jerky locomotion have larger canals relative to their body size than those that move more cautiously. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61126 ! Posterior semicircular duct
xref: VHOG:0000248 ! posterior semicircular duct
xref: MA:0001214 ! posterior semicircular duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png/200px-Balance_Disorder_Illustration_A.png
is_a: UBERON:0001856 ! semicircular duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001842 ! posterior semicircular canal
xref: SCTID:279835002 ! Entire posterior semicircular duct
property_value: homology_notes "Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. (...) Vertebrates also have at least two vertical semicircular ducts (...). In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000248", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.53 and p.413-414", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001859
name: lateral semicircular duct
def: "The lateral or horizontal canal (external semicircular canal) is the shortest of the three canals. Movement of fluid within this canal corresponds to rotation of the head around a vertical axis (i.e. the neck). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_semicircular_duct]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61129 ! Lateral semicircular duct
xref: VHOG:0000247 ! lateral semicircular duct
xref: MA:0001213 ! lateral semicircular duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png
is_a: UBERON:0001856 ! semicircular duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001843 ! lateral semicircular canal
xref: SCTID:279834003 ! Entire lateral semicircular duct
property_value: homology_notes "Gnathostome ears have a horizontal semicircular duct. This brings their complement to three semicircular ducts, a pattern retained throughout gnathostome evolution. [ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.58] ; In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000247", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.413-414", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001841 ! anterior semicircular canal
name: anterior semicircular canal
def: "One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [Wikipedia:Anterior_semicircular_canal, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior semicircular canals" RELATED []
synonym: "anterior semicircular duct" RELATED []
synonym: "rostral vertical semicircular canal" RELATED []
synonym: "superior semicircular canal" EXACT []
synonym: "canalis semircularis posterior" RELATED [AAO:0000058]
xref: EHDAA:7802 ! superior semicircular canal
xref: FMA:60187 ! Anterior semicircular canal
xref: MA:0001207 ! anterior semicircular canal
xref: TAO:0000314 ! anterior semicircular canal
xref: ZFA:0000314 ! anterior semicircular canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Semicircular_Canal ! Superior Semicircular Canal
xref: EHDAA2:0001959 ! superior semicircular canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png
xref: EMAPA:17299 ! superior semicircular canal
is_a: UBERON:0001840 ! semicircular canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001840 ! semicircular canal
xref: SCTID:279764002 ! Entire anterior semicircular canal
xref: AAO:0000058 ! canalis semircularis posterior
property_value: external_definition "One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000314", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from anterior semicircular canal primordium (TAO:0000469)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000314", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
xref: UMLS:C1288332

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001842 ! posterior semicircular canal
name: posterior semicircular canal
def: "One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [Wikipedia:Posterior_semicircular_canal, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Editor notes: verify AAO
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "caudal vertical semicircular canal" RELATED []
synonym: "posterior semicircular canals" RELATED []
synonym: "posterior semicircular duct" RELATED []
synonym: "pars superior of labyrinth" RELATED [AAO:0000420]
xref: EHDAA:7796 ! posterior semicircular canal
xref: FMA:60190 ! Posterior semicircular canal
xref: MA:0001209 ! posterior semicircular canal
xref: TAO:0000262 ! posterior semicircular canal
xref: ZFA:0000262 ! posterior semicircular canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Semicircular_Canal ! Posterior Semicircular Canal
xref: EHDAA2:0001489 ! posterior semicircular canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png
xref: EMAPA:17296 ! posterior semicircular canal
is_a: UBERON:0001840 ! semicircular canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001840 ! semicircular canal
xref: SCTID:279762003 ! Entire posterior semicircular canal
xref: AAO:0000420 ! pars superior of labyrinth
synonym: "canalis semicircularis posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_semicircular_canal]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray921.png
property_value: external_definition "One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000262", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from posterior semicircular canal primordium (TAO:0000412)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000262", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
xref: UMLS:C0229454

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001843 ! lateral semicircular canal
name: lateral semicircular canal
def: "One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [Wikipedia:Lateral_semicircular_canal, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "horizontal semicircular canal" RELATED []
synonym: "lateral semicircular canals" RELATED []
synonym: "lateral semicircular duct" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA:7790 ! lateral semicircular canal
xref: FMA:60193 ! Lateral semicircular canal
xref: MA:0001208 ! lateral semicircular canal
xref: TAO:0000220 ! lateral semicircular canal
xref: ZFA:0000220 ! lateral semicircular canal
xref: EHDAA2:0000920 ! lateral semicircular canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png
xref: EMAPA:17821 ! lateral semicircular canal
is_a: UBERON:0001840 ! semicircular canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001840 ! semicircular canal
xref: SCTID:279761005 ! Entire lateral semicircular canal
property_value: external_definition "One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000220", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from lateral semicircular canal primordium (TAO:0000232)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000220", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001855
name: cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
def: "An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Houses the organ of Corti[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct]
comment: TODO: check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "scala media" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct]
synonym: "cochlear duct" EXACT []
synonym: "cochlear aqueduct" RELATED []
synonym: "Reissner's canal" EXACT []
synonym: "cochlea duct" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562]
synonym: "reissners canal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562]
synonym: "scala medias" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562]
synonym: "ductus cochlearis" RELATED [BTO:0001692]
synonym: "membranous cochlea" RELATED [BTO:0001692]
synonym: "scala of Loewenberg" RELATED [BTO:0001692]
xref: EHDAA:4718 ! cochlear duct
xref: FMA:61119 ! Cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
xref: GAID:874 ! cochlear duct
xref: VHOG:0000507 ! cochlear duct
xref: MA:0000243 ! cochlear duct
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562 ! Cochlea duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Duct ! Cochlear Duct
xref: BTO:0001692 ! cochlear duct
xref: EMAPA:17598 ! cochlear duct
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562 ! Cochlea duct
xref: EHDAA2:0000262 ! cochlear duct (also: UBERON:0002295 'scala media')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gray928.png/200px-Gray928.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246.292 ! cochlear duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001849 ! membranous labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002499 ! cochlear labyrinth
xref: SCTID:279849006 ! Entire cochlear duct
synonym: "ductus cochlearis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Gray928.png
property_value: external_definition "The coiled portion of the membranous labyrinth located inside the cochlea. It contains endolymph. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000507", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cochlear+duct", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus. (...) In all gnathostomes, the utriculus connects ventrally with a larger sac, called the sacculus (...) In most groups of gnathostomes, the caudoventral evagination of the sacculus forms a small lagena, and in some diapsids and mammals the lagena develops into a longer duct. The lagena becomes greatly elongated in therians and coils to form the cochlear duct.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000507", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.413-414", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1323110

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001844
name: cochlea
def: "The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. The name is from the Latin for snail, which is from the Greek kokhlias 'snail, screw,' from kokhlos 'spiral shell,' in reference to its coiled shape; the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cochlea]
comment: AO notes: sources vary in connection to bony labyrinth. Taxon notes: The association with 'lagena' in frog and fish comes from HOG, although HOG is inconsistent here, associating lagena with XAO cochlea and ZFA cochlear duct. NBK53175 says:  "In contrast, the ventrally located auditory chambers have undergone more extensive evolutionary modifications. The saccule and lagena are prominent auditory organs in fish but the saccule has a vestibular role in mammals and birds, and the lagena is absent in mammals. The primary au- ditory organ in mammals and birds is the cochlea, which has no known counterpart in amphibians and fish (Riley and Phillips, 2003)"
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cochlear part of bony labyrinth" EXACT []
synonym: "lagena" EXACT SENSU [XAO:0000197]
synonym: "cochlear organ" RELATED [BTO:0000267]
xref: AAO:0000253 ! lagena
xref: BTO:0000267
xref: EFO:0000357 ! cochlea
xref: FMA:60201 ! Cochlea
xref: GAID:724 ! cochlea
xref: VHOG:0000691 ! cochlea
xref: MA:0000240 ! cochlea
xref: MAT:0000144 ! cochlea
xref: MIAA:0000144 ! cochlea
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlea
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1190 ! Cochlea
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_883
xref: TAO:0000374 ! lagena
xref: XAO:0000197 ! lagena
xref: ZFA:0000374 ! lagena
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqfJmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cochlea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: EMAPA:17597 ! cochlea
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246 ! cochlea
xref: EV:0100363 ! cochlea
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001839 ! bony labyrinth
xref: SCTID:181187008 ! Entire cochlea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Cochlea-crosssection.svg
property_value: external_definition "A spiral-shaped cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone of the inner ear, containing the nerve endings essential for hearing and forming one of the divisions of the labyrinth. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000691", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cochlea", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Because achieving high sensitivity is generally advantageous for auditory organs, it is not surprising that evidence for cochlear amplification is also seen in nonmammals. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are narrow-band sound signals emitted from the inner ear, and it is generally assumed that their energy derives from the hair-cell molecular motors underlying cochlear amplification. However, all terrestrial vertebrates studied so far (including amphibians) show very similar SOAEs. The most parsimonious explanation for the universality of this phenomena is that some kind of amplifying mechanism is at least as old as land vertebrates themselves.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000691", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80033-0 Manley GA\, Koeppl C\, Phylogenetic development of the cochlea and its innervation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1998)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cochlear" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0009195

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007223
name: osseus cochlea
def: "The osseous cochlea is the bony foundation that forms the small shell arrangement for the cochlear nerve." [http://www.innerbody.com/image_nerv14/nerv175.html]
comment: todo - check this. in MA, cochlea is not part of the bony labyrinth
xref: MA:0000239 ! osseus cochlea
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001839 ! bony labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001847
name: lobule of pinna
def: "The earlobe is, in humans and many other animals, the soft lower part of the external ear. It is the lowermost portion of the human pinna, projecting below the antitragus. The earlobe is composed of tough areolar and adipose (fatty) connective tissues, lacking the firmness and elasticity of the rest of the pinna. Since the earlobe does not contain cartilage the earlobe has a large blood supply and may help to warm the ears and maintain balance but generally earlobes are not considered to have any major biological function. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ear_lobe]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auricular lobule" EXACT []
synonym: "earlobe" EXACT []
synonym: "ear lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "ear lobule" RELATED []
synonym: "lobe of ear" EXACT []
synonym: "lobule of auricle" RELATED []
synonym: "lobule of auricle of ear" EXACT []
synonym: "pinna lobule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:60984 ! Lobule of pinna
xref: MA:0002468 ! ear lobe
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 ! pinna
synonym: "lobulus auriculae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:60984]
xref: ncithesaurus:Lobule_of_the_Auricle ! Lobule of the Auricle
xref: SCTID:362544006 ! Entire ear lobule
xref: UMLS:C0229315

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001848
name: auricular cartilage
def: "cartilage of the pinna and much of the external ear canal." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/auricular+cartilage]
synonym: "cartilage of pinna" EXACT  [FMA:61013]
xref: FMA:61013 ! Auricular cartilage
xref: MA:0001227 ! auricular cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001757 ! pinna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 {source="FMA"} ! pinna
xref: SCTID:279627003 ! Entire auricular cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001750
name: lacrimal apparatus
def: "The lacrimal apparatus is the physiologic system containing the orbital structures for tear production and drainage. It consists of: (a) the lacrimal gland, which secretes the tears, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the eye; (b) the lacrimal canaliculi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct, by which the fluid is conveyed into the cavity of the nose. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_apparatus]
comment: todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal. AO notes: this is an eye appendage in ncit, along with eyelid and eyebrow. in MA, part of eye surface part_of eye
synonym: "nasolacrimal drainage system" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:55605 ! Lacrimal apparatus
xref: GAID:901 ! lacrimal apparatus
xref: MA:0000274 ! lacrimal apparatus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Apparatus ! Lacrimal Apparatus
xref: MESH:A09.371.463 ! lacrimal apparatus
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="FMA", source="MA"} ! camera-type eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010409 {source="MA"} ! eye surface
synonym: "apparatus lacrimalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_apparatus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray896.png
xref: UMLS:C0022903

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010284
name: lacrimal punctum
def: "A minute orifice on the summit of the papillae lacrimales, which is the commencement point of the lacrimal canaliculi." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_punctum]
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001750 {source="cjm"} ! lacrimal apparatus
xref: FMA:59365 ! lacrimal punctum
xref: SCTID:263344003 ! Entire lacrimal punctum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray895.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001770
name: lacrimal canaliculus
def: "The lacrimal canaliculi, also known as the lacrimal canals or lacrimal ducts, are the small channels in each eyelid that commence at minute orifices, termed puncta lacrimalia, on the summits of the papillae lacrimales, seen on the margins of the lids at the lateral extremity of the lacus lacrimalis. The superior duct, the smaller and shorter of the two, at first ascends, and then bends at an acute angle, and passes medialward and downward to the lacrimal sac. The inferior duct at first descends, and then runs almost horizontally to the lacrimal sac. At the angles they are dilated into ampullæ. Microscopically, they are lined by nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by fibrous tissue. Outside the latter is a layer of striped muscle, continuous with the lacrimal part of the Orbicularis oculi; at the base of each lacrimal papilla the muscular fibers are circularly arranged and form a kind of sphincter. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_canaliculi]
synonym: "canaliculus lacrimalis" RELATED LATIN  [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_canaliculi]
comment: todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:58245 ! Lacrimal canaliculus
xref: MA:0001294 ! lacrimal canaliculus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Canaliculus ! Lacrimal Canaliculus
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001850 ! lacrimal duct
xref: SCTID:263348000 ! Entire lacrimal canaliculus
xref: UMLS:C0459631

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001850
name: lacrimal duct
def: "Organ with organ cavity which connects the vestibule of the conjunctival sac to the nasal cavity. Examples: There are only two lacrimal ducts, the right and the left lacrimal ducts.[FMA]" [FMA:61063, Wikipedia:Lacrimal_canaliculi]
comment: todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tear duct" RELATED  [MA:0001295]
synonym: "lacrimal caniculus" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_duct]
xref: FMA:61063 ! Lacrimal duct
xref: MA:0001295 ! lacrimal duct
xref: EMAPA:19245 ! tear duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001750 {source="FMA"} ! lacrimal apparatus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 {source="ISBN:9780674021839"} ! Tetrapoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002392
name: nasolacrimal duct
def: "The nasolacrimal duct (sometimes called tear duct) carries tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity. Excess tears flow through nasolacrimal duct which opens in the nose. This is the reason the nose starts to run when a person is crying or has watery eyes from an allergy, and why one can sometimes taste eye drops. Like the lacrimal sac, the duct is lined by stratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells, and is surrounded by connective tissue. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora. A congenital obstruction can cause cystic expansion of the duct and is called a dacrocystocele or Timo cyst. Persons with dry eye conditions can be fitted with punctal plugs that seal the ducts to limit the amount of fluid drainage and retain moisture. The canal containing the nasolacrimal duct is called the nasolacrimal canal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nasolacrimal_duct]
comment: todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nasolacrimal duct - posterior naris" BROAD [VHOG:0000664]
xref: EHDAA:7849 ! nasolacrimal duct
xref: EHDAA:9094 ! nasolacrimal duct
xref: FMA:9703 ! Nasolacrimal duct
xref: GAID:902 ! nasolacrimal duct
xref: MA:0001299 ! nasolacrimal duct
xref: AAO:0000643 ! nasolarimal duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6PJy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasolacrimal_Duct ! Nasolacrimal Duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6PJy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nasolacrimal duct
xref: EHDAA2:0001237 ! nasolacrimal duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gray896.png/200px-Gray896.png
xref: EMAPA:17853 ! naso-lacrimal duct
xref: MESH:A09.371.463.640 ! nasolacrimal duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001850 {source="FMA"} ! lacrimal duct
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006266 ! nasolacrimal groove
xref: SCTID:280643009 ! Entire nasolacrimal duct
synonym: "d. nasolacrimalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasolacrimal_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray896.png
xref: VHOG:0000664 ! nasolacrimal duct - posterior naris
property_value: homology_notes "The nasolacrimal duct is probably homologous to the posterior (excurrent) naris of actinopterygian fishes.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000664", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.256", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0027437

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001851
name: cortex
def: "Outermost layer of an organ[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cortex_(anatomy)]
comment: Note that this class is used more generically than in FMA, and includes e.g. cortex of hair
synonym: "cortex of organ" EXACT []
synonym: "cortex" EXACT [FMA:61109]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: upper_level
xref: EFO:0000383 ! cortex
xref: galen:Cortex
xref: FMA:61109 ! Cortex
xref: EHDAA:9344 ! cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000062 ! organ
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cortical" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001863
name: scala vestibuli
def: "Scala vestibuli is a perilymph filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It is separated from the scala media by Reissner's membrane and extends from the oval window to the helicotrema where it joins scala tympani. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scala_vestibuli]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61269 ! Scala vestibuli
xref: MA:0001206 ! scala vestibuli
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002278 ! perilymphatic space
xref: SCTID:362578000 ! Entire scala vestibuli
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray923.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cochlea-crosssection.png/250px-Cochlea-crosssection.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001864
name: scala tympani
def: "Scala tympani is one of the perilymph-filled cavities in the cochlear labyrinth. It is separated from the scala media by the basilar membrane, and it extends from the round window to the helicotrema, where it continues as scala vestibuli. The purpose of the perilymph-filled scala tympani and scala vestibuli is to transduce the movement of air that causes the tympanic membrane and the ossicles to vibrate, to movement of liquid and the basilar membrane. This movement is conveyed to the organ of Corti inside the scala media, composed of hair cells attached to the basilar membrane and their stereocilia embedded in the tectorial membrane. The movement of the basilar membrane compared to the tectorial membrane causes the sterocilia to bend. They then depolarise and send impulses to the brain via the cochlear nerve. This produces the sensation of sound. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scala_tympani]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61272 ! Scala tympani
xref: GAID:879 ! scala tympani
xref: MA:0001205 ! scala tympani
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246.848 ! scala tympani
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002278 ! perilymphatic space
xref: SCTID:362579008 ! Entire scala tympani
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray921.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008813
name: helicotrema
def: "The part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet. It is the main component of the cochlear apex. The hair cells in this area best detect low frequency sounds." [Wikipedia:Helicotrema]
synonym: "Scarpa's orifice" EXACT  [FMA:61275]
synonym: "cochlear apex" BROAD  [Wikipedia:Cochlea]
synonym: "apex of cochlea" BROAD  [Wikipedia:Cochlea]
is_a: UBERON:0000161 {source="FMA"} ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002499 {source="Wikipedia"} ! cochlear labyrinth
xref: FMA:61275 ! helicotrema
xref: SCTID:279775003 ! Entire helicotrema
xref: ncithesaurus:Helicotrema ! Helicotrema
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray923.png
xref: UMLS:C0229512

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008809
name: foramina of scarpa
def: "In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal." [Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa]
synonym: "foramina of scarpa" RELATED [Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005871 ! palatine process of maxilla
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0008810 ! nasopalatine nerve
xref: Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa ! foramina of scarpa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Gray160.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008810 ! nasopalatine nerve
name: nasopalatine nerve
def: "One branch of the posterior superior nasal branches (trigeminal, maxillary branch), longer and larger than the others, is named the nasopalatine nerve (sometimes called the long sphenopalatine nerve). It enters the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen, passes across the roof of the nasal cavity below the orifice of the sphenoidal sinus to reach the septum, and then runs obliquely downward and forward between the periosteum and mucous membrane of the lower part of the septum. It descends to the roof of the mouth through the incisive canal and communicates with the corresponding nerve of the opposite side and with the greater palatine nerve. It supplies the palatal structures around the upper central and lateral incisors and the canines (the upper front six teeth). It also furnishes a few filaments to the mucous membrane of the nasal septum. The medial superior posterior nasal branches of maxillary nerve usually branches from the nasopalatine nerve." [Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve]
synonym: "naso-palatine nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve]
synonym: "nasopalatine" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve]
synonym: "nasopalatine nerves" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve]
synonym: "Scarpa's nerve" EXACT  [FMA:52797]
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0000377 {source="FMA"} ! maxillary nerve
xref: FMA:52797 ! nasopalatine nerve
synonym: "nervus nasopalatinus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasopalatine_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gray858.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001865
name: cartilaginous external acoustic tube
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "cartilaginous external acoustic meatus" EXACT []
synonym: "cartilaginous part of external acoustic meatus" EXACT []
synonym: "external acoustic meatus cartilaginous part" EXACT []
xref: FMA:61289 ! Cartilaginous external acoustic tube
xref: MA:0001234 ! external acoustic meatus cartilaginous part
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001352 ! external acoustic meatus
synonym: "meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61289]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001866
name: sebum
def: "Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP]." [BTO:0001981, Wikipedia:Sebaceous_glands#Sebum]
comment: The composition of sebum varies across species. In humans, the lipid content is as follows: 25% wax monoesters, 41% triglycerides, 16% free fatty acids, 12% squalene; Sapienic acid is a sebum fatty acid that is unique to humans.
subset: uberon_slim
xref: ENVO:02000037
xref: FMA:61304 ! Sebum
xref: GAID:1168 ! sebum
xref: MA:0002538 ! sebum
xref: ncithesaurus:Sebum ! Sebum
xref: BTO:0001981 ! sebum
xref: MESH:A12.200.702 ! sebum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
relationship: has_part CHEBI:15440 ! squalene
xref: UMLS:C0036511

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001867
name: cartilage of external ear
def: "A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "external ear cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "auricular region cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auricular region of head cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of auricular region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of auricular region of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of outer ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outer ear cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:61339 ! Cartilage of external ear
xref: MA:0001886 ! external ear cartilage
xref: GAID:103 ! ear cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Ear_Cartilage ! External Ear Cartilage
xref: MESH:A02.165.207 ! ear cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001996 ! elastic cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
xref: UMLS:C0013445

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001868
name: skin of chest
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: check FMA:61415
synonym: "chest skin" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior thoracic region zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of anterior chest" EXACT [FMA:61416]
synonym: "zone of skin of anterior part of thorax" EXACT [FMA:61416]
xref: MA:0000553 ! chest skin
xref: FMA:61416 ! Zone of skin of anterior chest
xref: FMA:61417 ! Zone of skin of pectoral part of chest
is_a: UBERON:0001418 ! skin of thorax
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest
xref: SCTID:181496004 ! Entire skin of chest
synonym: "zone of skin of pectoral part of chest" RELATED [FMA:61417]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
name: cerebral hemisphere
def: "One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Cerebral_hemisphere, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hemispherium cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebral_hemisphere]
synonym: "telencephalic vesicle" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000231
xref: FMA:61817 ! Cerebral hemisphere
xref: galen:CerebralHemisphere
xref: MA:0000133 ! cerebral hemisphere
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Hemisphere
xref: EFO:0002521 ! cerebral hemisphere
xref: VHOG:0001639 ! cerebral hemisphere
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvigx5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cerebral hemisphere
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1042 ! Cerebrum
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: AAO:0010480 ! cerebral hemisphere
xref: SCTID:278251007 ! Entire cerebral hemisphere
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Hemispheres.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of the telencephalon consisting of either of the two smooth, elongated halves of the cerebrum.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010480", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
synonym: "hemisphere" RELATED [VHOG:0001639]
property_value: homology_notes "The presence of paired evaginated hemispheres and olfactory bulbs in both agnathan and gnathostome radiations suggests that such hemispheres were also present in the common ancestor.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001639", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1146/annurev.ne.04.030181.001505 Northcutt RG\, Evolution of the telencephalon in nonmammals. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. (1981)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001893 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! telencephalon
xref: UMLS:C0228174

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002812
name: left cerebral hemisphere
synonym: "left hemisphere" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1795]
xref: FMA:61819 ! Left cerebral hemisphere
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1795 ! Left cerebral hemisphere
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Cerebral_Hemisphere ! Left Cerebral Hemisphere
intersection_of: UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: SCTID:362323007 ! Entire left cerebral hemisphere
def: "A cerebral hemisphere that is in the left side of a brain." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0228176

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002813
name: right cerebral hemisphere
synonym: "right hemisphere" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1797]
xref: FMA:67292 ! Right cerebral hemisphere
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1797 ! Right cerebral hemisphere
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Cerebral_Hemisphere ! Right Cerebral Hemisphere
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvigx5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: SCTID:362322002 ! Entire right cerebral hemisphere
def: "A cerebral hemisphere that is in the right side of a brain." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0228175

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001870
name: frontal cortex
def: "Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border." [Wikipedia:Frontal_lobe]
comment: Editor note: Many species don't have lobes but they do have frontal cortex. Lobe isn't a really well defined term though [MM]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "frontal lobe" EXACT [FMA:61824]
synonym: "frontal region" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000484
xref: EFO:0000913 ! frontal lobe
xref: FMA:61824 ! Frontal lobe
xref: GAID:674 ! frontal lobe
xref: MA:0000905 ! frontal cortex
xref: MAT:0000505 ! frontal lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Frontal_Lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090601 ! Frontal cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_928 ! Frontal lobe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3OJ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3OJ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! frontal lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gray729.png/200px-Gray729.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.270 ! frontal lobe
xref: EV:0100167 ! frontal lobe
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-FR ! frontal region
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
synonym: "regio frontalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61824]
xref: SCTID:180920004 ! Entire frontal lobe
synonym: "lobus frontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontal_lobe]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Gray729.png
xref: UMLS:C0016733

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001871
name: temporal lobe
def: "Temporal lobe is the ventrolateral lobe of five lobes comprising each cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe." [Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "temporal cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "temporal neocortex" EXACT [DHB:TCx]
xref: BTO:0001355
xref: EFO:0000917 ! temporal lobe
xref: FMA:61825 ! Temporal lobe
xref: GAID:635 ! temporal lobe
xref: MA:0000941 ! temporal cortex
xref: MAT:0000508 ! temporal lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporal_Lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1160 ! Temporal lobe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! temporal lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gray730.png/200px-Gray730.png
xref: EMAPA:18797 ! temporal lobe
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.863 ! temporal lobe
xref: EV:0100169 ! temporal lobe
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-Te ! temporal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
xref: SCTID:180921000 ! Entire temporal lobe
synonym: "lobus temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Gray730.png
xref: UMLS:C0039485

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001872
name: parietal lobe
def: "Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe." [Wikipedia:Parietal_lobe]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "parietal cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "parietal region" EXACT []
synonym: "parietal neocortex" EXACT [DHB:PCx]
xref: BTO:0001001
xref: EFO:0000914 ! parietal lobe
xref: FMA:61826 ! Parietal lobe
xref: GAID:680 ! parietal lobe
xref: MA:0000916 ! parietal cortex
xref: MAT:0000506 ! parietal lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Parietal_Lobe_of_the_Brain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1148 ! Parietal lobe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg-typwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg-typwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! parietal lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gray726_parietal_lobe.png/200px-Gray726_parietal_lobe.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.670 ! parietal lobe
xref: EV:0100168 ! parietal lobe
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
synonym: "regio parietalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61826]
xref: SCTID:180922007 ! Entire parietal lobe
synonym: "lobus parietalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parietal_lobe]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Gray726_parietal_lobe.png
xref: UMLS:C0030560

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006514 ! pallidum
name: pallidum
def: "Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum." [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11614]
synonym: "neuraxis pallidum" EXACT [FMA:83684]
synonym: "pallidum of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:83684]
xref: FMA:83684 ! pallidum of neuraxis
xref: MA:0000889 ! pallidum
xref: ABA:PAL ! Pallidum
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002420 {source="MA"} ! basal ganglion
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002435 {source="ABA"} ! striatum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002778
name: ventral pallidum
def: "Part of the globus pallidus, consistingo of the more medial of the two segments.  In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1674]
synonym: "ventral pallidum" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1674]
synonym: "ventral globus pallidus" RELATED [BTO:0004375]
xref: FMA:77613 ! Ventral pallidum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1674 ! Ventral pallidum
xref: BTO:0004375 ! ventral globus pallidus
xref: BM:Tel-VPa ! ventral pallidum
xref: ABA:PALv ! Pallidum, ventral region
is_a: UBERON:0006514 {source="FMA"} ! pallidum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001875 {source="BTO", source="NIF-def"} ! globus pallidus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006516
name: dorsal pallidum
synonym: "dorsal globus pallidus" RELATED [BTO:0004376]
xref: FMA:77619 ! dorsal pallidum
xref: BTO:0004376 ! dorsal globus pallidus
xref: ABA:PALd ! Pallidum, dorsal region
is_a: UBERON:0006514 {source="FMA"} ! pallidum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001875 {source="BTO"} ! globus pallidus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001875
name: globus pallidus
def: "Subcortical nucleus, functionally part of the basal ganglia, which consists of two segments the external (or lateral) and internal (or medial) separated by the medial medullary lamina in primates.  In rodents, The globus pallidus lateral is separated from the medial segment by the fibers of the internal capsule/cerebral peduncle[NIF]. Nucleus of brain which is located medially to the putamen and laterally to the internal capsule[FMA]." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1234, Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus, FMA:61835]
comment: BTO and MA are inconsistent w.r.t striatum and pallidum being non-overlapping as in ABA. Note that we have pallidum as part_of basal gangion, so we can make the direct link to basal ganglion. ISBN10:1588900649 says: ... a derivative of the diencephalon, seperates as a result of growing fibers of theinternal capsule and is finally displaced into telencephalon. only a small medial remnannt remains, the entopeduncular nucleus. The globus pallidus should be regarded as part of the subthalamus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "paleostriatum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus]
synonym: "pale body" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1234]
synonym: "pallidum" RELATED [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1234, Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus, GO:0021759]
synonym: "pallidium" RELATED [Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus]
xref: EFO:0000905 ! globus pallidus
xref: FMA:61835 ! Globus pallidus
xref: GAID:668 ! globus pallidus
xref: MA:0000890 ! globus pallidus
xref: MAT:0000510 ! globus pallidus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1234 ! Globus pallidus
xref: ncithesaurus:Globus_Pallidus ! Globus Pallidus
xref: BTO:0002246 ! globus pallidus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif/200px-Brain_structure.gif
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.397 ! globus pallidus
xref: EV:0100188 ! globus pallidus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002420 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! basal ganglion
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002263 {source="BTO-weakened"} ! lentiform nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006514 {source="MA"} ! pallidum
relationship: develops_from_part_of UBERON:0001894 {source="ISBN10:1588900649", source="GO"} ! diencephalon
xref: SCTID:362361005 ! Entire globus pallidus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif
xref: UMLS:C0017651
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pallidal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001876
name: amygdala
def: "Subdivision of basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Amygdala, FMA:61841]
comment: AO notes: MA and FMA differ on relationship to basal ganglion. The FMA text def suggests a subdivision, but it is classified as a subtype
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "amygdaloid area" RELATED []
synonym: "amygdaloid body" EXACT []
synonym: "amygdaloid complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1241]
synonym: "amygdaloid nuclear complex" EXACT []
synonym: "amygdaloid nuclear groups" EXACT []
synonym: "archistriatum" EXACT []
synonym: "amygdaloid nuclear group" RELATED [BTO:0001042]
synonym: "corpus amygdaloideum" RELATED [BTO:0001042]
synonym: "nucleus amygdalae" RELATED [BTO:0001042]
xref: BTO:0001042
xref: EFO:0000252 ! amygdala
xref: FMA:61841 ! Amygdala
xref: GAID:616 ! amygdala
xref: VHOG:0001277 ! amygdala
xref: MA:0000887 ! amygdala
xref: MAT:0000289 ! amygdala
xref: MIAA:0000289 ! amygdala
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1241 ! Amygdala
xref: ncithesaurus:Amygdala ! Amygdala
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJC_2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! amygdala
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Amyg.png/200px-Amyg.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.090 ! amygdala
xref: EV:0100189 ! amygdala
xref: EV:0100190 ! amygdaloid nucleus
xref: BM:Tel-Am ! amygdala
xref: SCTID:279404004 ! Entire amygdaloid nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002420 {source="FMA"} ! basal ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 {source="BTO"} ! temporal lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 {source="FMA"} ! limbic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 {source="BTO"} ! temporal lobe
synonym: "corpus amygdaloideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Amygdala]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Amyg.png
synonym: "amygdaloid nucleus" RELATED [FMA:61841]
property_value: homology_notes "One part of the striatum is called the archistriatum. (...) The archistriatum of fishes consists of several indistinctly segregated nuclei called the amygdaloid (...) complex. Tetrapods retain the structure, and in mammals the corresponding amygdala is a globular mass that tends to be ventral to the other basal nuclei.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001277", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.342", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "amygdalar" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0002708

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001877
name: medial septal nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "medial parolfactory nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "medial septum" NARROW [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1668]
xref: FMA:61879 ! Medial septal nucleus (also: UBERON:0007629 'medial septal complex') (also: UBERON:0007629 'medial septal complex')
xref: MA:0000935 ! medial septal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1668 ! Medial septal nucleus
xref: BTO:0002446 ! medial septum
xref: ABA:MS ! Medial septal nucleus
xref: BM:Tel-Spt-SMN ! medial septal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001878
name: septofimbrial nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "scattered nucleus of the septum" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus septofibrialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_730]
xref: FMA:61881 ! Septofimbrial nucleus
xref: MA:0000938 ! septofimbrial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_730 ! Septofimbrial nucleus
xref: ABA:SF ! Septofimbrial nucleus
xref: BM:SFN ! septofimbrial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002667 {source="ABA"} ! lateral septal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007630 {source="ABA"} ! septohippocampal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001879
name: nucleus of diagonal band
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "diagonal band nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus of the diagonal band of broca" EXACT []
synonym: "olfactory area (roberts)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:61882 ! Nucleus of diagonal band
xref: MA:0000936 ! nucleus of diagonal band
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_719 ! Nucleus of diagonal band
xref: ABA:NDB ! Diagonal band nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002663 {source="FMA"} ! septal nuclear complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007629 {source="MA"} ! medial septal complex
xref: ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_Diagonal_Band ! nucleus of diagonal band
xref: EHDAA2:0004708 ! nucleus of the diagonal band
xref: UMLS:C0175227

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001880
name: bed nucleus of stria terminalis
def: "A brain structure in the forebrain wrapped around the stria terminalis. It's largest extent can be found around the crossing of the anterior commissure[INCF]." [INCF:Seattle_mtg_2010, Wikipedia:Stria_terminalis#Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis]
synonym: "nucleus of stria terminalis" EXACT [FMA:61884]
synonym: "intercalate nucleus of stria terminalis" EXACT []
synonym: "nuclei of stria terminalis" EXACT []
synonym: "stria terminalis nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "BST" BROAD [INCF:Seattle_mtg_2010]
synonym: "bed nucleus of the stria terminalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_724]
synonym: "bed nucleus stria terminalis (johnson)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_724]
synonym: "interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_724]
xref: FMA:61884 ! Nucleus of stria terminalis
xref: MA:0000925 ! bed nucleus of stria terminalis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_724 ! Nucleus of stria terminalis
xref: BTO:0002698 ! bed nucleus of stria terminalis
xref: EFO:0001971 ! nucleus of terminal stria
xref: BM:BNST ! bed nucleus of stria terminalis
xref: ABA:BST ! Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0003029 ! stria terminalis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002663 {source="FMA"} ! septal nuclear complex
synonym: "nucleus striae terminalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61884]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011173
name: anterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis
def: "The term anterior nuclei of stria terminalis refers to one of two divisions of the nuclei of stria terminalis based on topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other division consists of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis. The anterior division includes the anterolateral area of stria terminalis, anteromedial area of stria terminalis, oval nucleus of stria terminalis, juxtacapsular nucleus of stria terminalis, rhomboid nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsomedial nucleus of stria terminalis, fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis, ventral nucleus of stria terminalis, and the magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis" [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753]
synonym: "anterior nuclei of stria terminalis" EXACT [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu]
synonym: "anterior division" BROAD [MA:0000926]
synonym: "bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division" EXACT [ABA:BSTa]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001880 {source="MA"} ! bed nucleus of stria terminalis
xref: MA:0000926 ! anterior division
xref: ABA:BSTa ! Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007627
name: magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis
def: "." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3220]
comment: the magnocellular nucleus projects to virtually all known major parts of the brain network that controls pelvic functions, including micturition, defecation, and penile erection, as well as to brain networks controlling nutrient and body water homeostasis. This and other evidence suggests that the magnocellular nucleus is part of a corticostriatopallidal differentiation modulating and coordinating pelvic functions with the maintenance of nutrient and body water homeostasis[PMID:16304682]
xref: MA:0000928 ! magnocellular nucleus
xref: ABA:BSTmg ! Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, magnocellular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011173 {source="MA"} ! anterior division of bed nucleus of stria terminalis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003017 {source="ABA"} ! substantia innominata
relationship: has_function_in GO:0043084 {source="PMID:16304682"} ! penile erection
relationship: has_function_in GO:0030421 {source="PMID:16304682"} ! defecation
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060073 {source="PMID:16304682"} ! micturition
synonym: "magnocellular nucleus" EXACT [MA:0000928]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011175
name: fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis
def: "." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3218]
synonym: "fusiform nucleus" BROAD [MA:0000927]
synonym: "bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, fusiform nucleus" EXACT [ABA:BSTfu]
is_a: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011173 {source="MA"} ! anterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis
xref: MA:0000927 ! fusiform nucleus
xref: ABA:BSTfu ! bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, fusiform nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011176
name: oval nucleus of stria terminalis
def: "." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3214]
synonym: "oval nucleus" EXACT [MA:0000929]
synonym: "bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, oval nucleus" EXACT [ABA:BSTov]
is_a: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011173 {source="MA"} ! anterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis
xref: MA:0000929 ! oval nucleus
xref: ABA:BSTov ! bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, oval nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011177
name: posterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis
def: "The term posterior nuclei of stria terminalis refers to one of two divisions of the nuclei of stria terminalis based on topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other division consists of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis. The posterior division includes the principal nucleus of stria terminalis, interfascicular nucleus of stria terminalis, transverse nucleus of stria terminalis, premedullary nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal nucleus of stria terminalis, the strial extension of stria terminalis, and the cell sparse zone of stria terminalis." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/CentralDirectory.aspx?ID=2754]
synonym: "posterior nuclei of stria terminalis" EXACT [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu]
synonym: "posterior division" BROAD [MA:0000930]
synonym: "bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division" EXACT [ABA:BSTp]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001880 {source="MA"} ! bed nucleus of stria terminalis
xref: MA:0000930 ! posterior division
xref: ABA:BSTp ! Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011178
name: principal nucleus of stria terminalis
def: "." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3221]
is_a: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011177 {source="MA"} ! posterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis
synonym: "principal nucleus" BROAD [MA:0000931]
synonym: "bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division, principal nucleus" EXACT [ABA:BSTpr]
xref: MA:0000931 ! principal nucleus
xref: ABA:BSTpr ! bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division, principal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011179
name: transverse nucleus of stria terminalis
def: "." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3223]
is_a: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011177 {source="MA"} ! posterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis
synonym: "transverse nucleus" BROAD [MA:0000932]
synonym: "bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division, transverse nucleus" EXACT [ABA:BSTtr]
xref: MA:0000932 ! transverse nucleus
xref: ABA:BSTtr ! bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division, transverse nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001881
name: island of calleja
def: "The islands of Calleja (IC, ISC, or IClj) are a group of neural granule cells located within the ventral striatum in the brains of most animals. This region of the brain is part of the limbic system, where it aids in the reinforcing effects of reward-like activities. Within most species, the islands are specifically located within the olfactory tubercle; however, in primates these islands are located within the nucleus accumbens, the reward center of the brain, since the olfactory tubercle has practically disappeared in the brains of primates. Both of these structures have been implicated in the processing of incentives as well as addictions to drugs. Projections to and from the islands supplement this knowledge with their involvement in the reward pathways for both cocaine and amphetamines. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Islands_of_Calleja]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "calleja island" EXACT []
synonym: "islands of calleja" EXACT []
xref: FMA:61888 ! Island of Calleja
xref: GAID:632 ! islands of calleja
xref: MA:0000977 ! islands of Calleja
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1113 ! Islands of Calleja
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Islands_of_Calleja_Rat.jpg/200px-Islands_of_Calleja_Rat.jpg
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.699.400 ! islands of calleja
xref: ABA:isl ! Islands of Calleja
xref: BM:Tel-ISC ! islands of Calleja
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001883 ! anterior perforated substance
synonym: "insulae olfactoriae, insula callejae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Islands_of_Calleja]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Islands_of_Calleja_Rat.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001882
name: nucleus accumbens
def: "a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia[GO]." [GO:0021768, Wikipedia:Nucleus_accumbens]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "accumbens nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "colliculus of caudate nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus accumbens septi" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000906 ! accumbens nucleus
xref: FMA:61889 ! Nucleus accumbens
xref: GAID:672 ! nucleus accumben
xref: MA:0000892 ! accumbens nucleus
xref: MAT:0000512 ! accumbens nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_727 ! Nucleus accumbens
xref: ncithesaurus:Accumbens_Nucleus ! Accumbens Nucleus
xref: BTO:0001862 ! nucleus accumbens
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Circuit_du_syst%C3%A8me_de_recompense.jpg/200px-Circuit_du_syst%C3%A8me_de_recompense.jpg
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.683 ! nucleus accumben
xref: ABA:ACB ! Nucleus accumbens
xref: BM:Ac ! nucleus accumbens
xref: EHDAA2:0004707 ! nucleus accumbens
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 {source="FMA", source="GO"} ! limbic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005403 {source="MA"} ! ventral striatum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001883 {source="ABA"} ! anterior perforated substance
xref: SCTID:427667007 ! Nucleus accumbens
synonym: "nucleus accumbens septi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nucleus_accumbens]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Circuit_du_syst%C3%A8me_de_recompense.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0028633

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012170
name: core of nucleus accumbens
synonym: "nucleus accumbens core" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090306]
synonym: "core of nucleus accumbens" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090306]
synonym: "core region of nucleus accumbens" EXACT [FMA:77383]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001882 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! nucleus accumbens
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090306 ! Core of nucleus accumbens
xref: EFO:0002458 ! nucleus accumbens core
xref: FMA:77383 ! core region of nucleus accumbens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012171
name: shell of nucleus accumbens
def: "Crescent shaped outer zone of the nucleus accumbens, defined by a combination of chemoarchitecture and afferent and efferent connections. The shell is distinguished from the more centrally located core through the notable reduction in staining for the calcium-binding protein calbindin D28K, which is dense in the core and virtually absent in the shell." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090307]
synonym: "nucleus accumbens shell" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090307]
synonym: "shell of nucleus accumbens" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090307]
synonym: "shell region of nucleus accumbens" EXACT [FMA:77387]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001882 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! nucleus accumbens
xref: FMA:77387 ! shell region of nucleus accumbens
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090307 ! Shell of nucleus accumbens
xref: EFO:0002459 ! nucleus accumbens shell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001884
name: phrenic nerve
def: "The phrenic nerve arises from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5) in humans. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "diaphragmatic nerve" RELATED [BTO:0001063]
synonym: "nervus phrenicus" RELATED [BTO:0001063]
synonym: "phrenic" RELATED [BTO:0001063]
xref: BTO:0001063
xref: FMA:6191 ! Phrenic nerve
xref: GAID:848 ! phrenic nerve
xref: VHOG:0000728 ! phrenic nerve
xref: MA:0001170 ! phrenic nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Nerve ! Phrenic Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtmdUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! phrenic nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gray806.png/200px-Gray806.png
xref: EMAPA:17813 ! phrenic
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.150.700 ! phrenic nerve
xref: EHDAA:4677 ! phrenic
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
xref: SCTID:280344009 ! Entire phrenic nerve
synonym: "nervus phrenicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Gray806.png
property_value: external_definition "A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000728", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phrenic+nerve", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0031774

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001885
name: dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation
def: "The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus[GO]." [Wikipedia:Dentate_gyrus]
comment: BTO says dentate gyrus = fascia dentata + hilus. Note that GO classifies dentate gyrus development under hippocampus development
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "area dentata" EXACT []
synonym: "dentate gyrus" EXACT []
synonym: "fascia dentata" NARROW []
synonym: "gyrus dentatus" RELATED [BTO:0002496]
synonym: "hippocampal dentate gyrus" RELATED [BTO:0002496]
xref: FMA:61922 ! Dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation
xref: GAID:624 ! dentate gyrus
xref: MA:0000190 ! dentate gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1178 ! Dentate gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Dentate_Gyrus ! Dentate Gyrus
xref: BTO:0002496 ! dentate gyrus
xref: BTO:0002615 ! fascia dentata
xref: EFO:0001366 ! dentate gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/HippocampalRegions.jpg/200px-HippocampalRegions.jpg
xref: EMAPA:19037 ! dentate gyrus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.405.200 ! dentate gyrus
xref: ABA:DG ! Dentate gyrus
xref: BM:Tel-DG ! dentate gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 {source="FMA"} ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002421 {source="MA"} ! hippocampal formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001954 ! Ammon's horn
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001954 {source="ABA"} ! Ammon's horn
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002601 {source="ABA"} ! fasciolar gyrus
xref: SCTID:279211002 ! Entire dentate gyrus
synonym: "gyrus dentatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dentate_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/HippocampalRegions.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0152314

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001887
name: internal capsule
def: "Internal capsule is an organ subdivision of the telencephalon which is made up primarily of myelinated axonal neural tissue (white matter). The internal capsule is a major set of fiber bundles lateral to the thalamus and caudate nucleus and medial to the putamen and globus pallidus. It projects dorsally to the white matter underlying the cerebral cortex." [Wikipedia:Internal_capsule]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "internal capsule radiations" EXACT []
xref: FMA:61950 ! Internal capsule
xref: GAID:685 ! internal capsule
xref: MA:0002748 ! internal capsule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1659 ! Internal capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Capsule ! Internal Capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg/200px-Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18206 ! internal capsule
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.435 ! internal capsule
xref: BM:IC ! internal capsule
is_a: UBERON:0002437 ! cerebral white matter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
synonym: "capsula interna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_capsule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0152341

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013199 ! stria of neuraxis
name: stria of neuraxis
synonym: "neuraxis stria" EXACT  [FMA:83854]
synonym: "neuraxis striae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "stria" BROAD  []
synonym: "striae" BROAD PLURAL  []
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter
xref: FMA:83854 ! stria of neuraxis


[Term]
id: UBERON:0001889
name: trunk of phrenic nerve
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "phrenic nerve trunk" EXACT []
synonym: "phrenic neural trunk" EXACT []
xref: FMA:6198 ! Trunk of phrenic nerve
xref: MA:0001177 ! phrenic nerve trunk
xref: EHDAA2:0001463 ! phrenic nerve trunk
is_a: UBERON:0001147 ! trunk of peripheral nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001884 ! phrenic nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002298
name: brainstem
def: "Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted]." [Wikipedia:Brainstem, ZFA:0001707, ISBN10:0471888893]
comment: 'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN10:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions). 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: loose_concept
synonym: "brain stem" EXACT [ABA:BS]
synonym: "truncus encephalicus" RELATED [BTO:0000146]
xref: FMA:79876 ! Brainstem
xref: VHOG:0001457 ! brainstem
xref: MA:0000169 ! brainstem
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1565 ! Brainstem
xref: ZFA:0001707 ! brainstem
xref: BTO:0000146 ! brain stem
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray719.png/200px-Gray719.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132 ! brain stem
xref: EV:0100241 ! brain stem
xref: ABA:BS ! Brain stem
xref: EFO:0001962 ! brain stem
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="ZFA"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002037 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001890 {notes="we apply a strict definition"} ! forebrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002314 {notes="we apply a strict definition"} ! midbrain tectum
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Brain_Stem ! Brain Stem
xref: SCTID:180925009 ! Entire brainstem
xref: TAO:0002156 ! brainstem
synonym: "truncus encephali" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Brainstem]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray719.png
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002156", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ISBN:3764351209"}
xref: UMLS:C0006121

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002028
name: hindbrain
def: "The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon, ZFIN:curator, ZFA:0000029]
comment: in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "rhombencephalon" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000672
xref: EFO:0000923 ! hindbrain
xref: EHDAA:3514 ! hindbrain
xref: EHDAA:6487 ! hindbrain
xref: FMA:67687 ! Hindbrain
xref: VHOG:0000070 ! hindbrain
xref: MA:0000195 ! hindbrain
xref: MAT:0000107 ! hindbrain
xref: MIAA:0000107 ! hindbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_942 ! Hindbrain
xref: TAO:0000029 ! hindbrain
xref: XAO:0000015 ! hindbrain
xref: ZFA:0000029 ! hindbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000746 ! hindbrain
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:16916 ! hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810 ! rhombencephalon
xref: ABA:HB ! Hindbrain
is_a: UBERON:0004732 ! segmental subdivision of nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003076 {source="XAO"} ! posterior neural tube
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002298 {source="ABA", notes="modified-source-relation"} ! brainstem
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 {source="ZFA"} ! brain
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001894 {source="ABA"} ! diencephalon
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001891 {source="ABA"} ! midbrain
xref: ncithesaurus:Hind-Brain ! Hind-Brain
xref: AAO:0010150 ! hindbrain
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003852 {evidence="definitional"} ! rhombencephalon neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007277 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive hindbrain
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg
property_value: external_definition "Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010150", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000029", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000029", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000070", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "rhombencephalic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0035507

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002037
name: cerebellum
def: "Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]." [BTO:0000232, MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.200, ZFA:0000100, ISBN:3764351209, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3291162&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: note that almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "epencephalon-1" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000232
xref: EFO:0000327 ! cerebellum
xref: FMA:67944 ! Cerebellum
xref: GAID:595 ! cerebellum
xref: VHOG:0000024 ! cerebellum
xref: MA:0000198 ! cerebellum
xref: MAT:0000110 ! cerebellum
xref: MIAA:0000110 ! cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1489 ! Cerebellum
xref: TAO:0000100 ! cerebellum
xref: XAO:0003098 ! cerebellum
xref: ZFA:0000100 ! cerebellum
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebellum ! Cerebellum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvl1eipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cerebellum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cerebellum_NIH.png/200px-Cerebellum_NIH.png
xref: EMAPA:17787 ! cerebellum
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.200 ! cerebellum
xref: EV:0100293 ! cerebellum
xref: ABA:CB ! Cerebellum
xref: BM:CB ! cerebellum
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001895 {source="MA", source="FMA"} ! metencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 {source="ZFA", source="NIF"} ! hindbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002298 {source="ABA"} ! brainstem
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001893 {source="ABA"} ! telencephalon
xref: AAO:0010485 ! cerebellum
xref: SCTID:180924008 ! Entire cerebellum
xref: EHDAA2:0000232 ! cerebellum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006215 {evidence="definitional"} ! rhombic lip
property_value: external_definition "Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010485", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000100", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB  (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000024", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y\, Uchida K\, Rijli FM and Kuratani S\, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cerebellar" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0007765

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001890
name: forebrain
def: "The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576, Wikipedia:Forebrain]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "prosencephalon" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000478
xref: EFO:0000909 ! forebrain
xref: EHDAA:3470 ! forebrain
xref: FMA:61992 ! Forebrain
xref: VHOG:0000383 ! forebrain
xref: MA:0000170 ! forebrain
xref: MAT:0000105 ! forebrain
xref: MIAA:0000105 ! forebrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1509 ! Forebrain
xref: TAO:0000109 ! forebrain
xref: XAO:0000011 ! forebrain
xref: ZFA:0000109 ! forebrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000556 ! forebrain
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:16895 ! forebrain
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730 ! prosencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003080 ! anterior neural tube
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0006240 {evidence="definitional"} ! future forebrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: ncithesaurus:Fore-Brain ! Fore-Brain
xref: ncithesaurus:Prosencephalon ! Prosencephalon
xref: AAO:0010147 ! forebrain
xref: SCTID:362291003 ! Entire prosencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Most anterior of the three regions of the brain consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010147", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000109", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from forebrain neural tube (TAO:0007041)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000109", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "In craniate embryos, neural expression of Distal-less-related genes is exclusively in the forebrain (...). Because the major neural expression domain of amphioxus AmphiDll is in the anterior three-fourths of the cerebral vesicle, we suggest that this region of the neural tube is homologous to parts of the craniate forebrain. This conclusion is strongly supported by three-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction of the neural tube of amphioxus based on serial transmission electron microscopy. At the neuroanatomical level, a number of detailed homologies are indicated between the anterior three-fourths of the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the diencephalic region of the craniate forebrain. If one assumes that the amphioxus condition fairly represents the nervous system of the proximate ancestor of the craniates, one can suggest that they evolved from a creature that had the beginnings of a forebrain.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000383", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:8787764 Holland ND\, Panganiban G\, Henyey EL\, Holland LZ\, Sequence and developmental expression of AmphiDll\, an amphioxus Distal-less gene transcribed in the ectoderm\, epidermis and nervous system: insights into evolution of craniate forebrain and neural crest. Development (1996)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "prosencephalic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0085140

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001891
name: midbrain
def: "Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the tectum, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum and cerebral aqueduct[FMA]. The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally[ZFA]. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]." [Wikipedia:Midbrain, ZFIN:curator, GO:0030901, FMA:61993]
comment: Editors note: developmental relationships need revised. AO notes: part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN10:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mesencephalon" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000138
xref: EFO:0000919 ! midbrain
xref: EHDAA:3694 ! midbrain
xref: FMA:61993 ! Midbrain
xref: VHOG:0000069 ! midbrain
xref: MA:0000207 ! midbrain
xref: MAT:0000106 ! midbrain
xref: MIAA:0000106 ! midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1667 ! Midbrain
xref: TAO:0000128 ! midbrain
xref: XAO:0000014 ! midbrain
xref: ZFA:0000128 ! midbrain
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 ! mesencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001162 ! midbrain
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! midbrain
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG
xref: EMAPA:16974 ! midbrain
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659 ! mesencephalon
xref: EV:0100242 ! midbrain
xref: ABA:MB ! Midbrain
xref: BM:MB ! midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002028 {source="ABA"} ! hindbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001894 {source="ABA"} ! diencephalon
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003849 {evidence="definitional"} ! mesencephalic neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009616 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive midbrain
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesencephalon ! Mesencephalon
xref: AAO:0010149 ! midbrain
xref: SCTID:279099009 ! Entire midbrain
synonym: "mesencephalon" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Midbrain]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG
property_value: external_definition "Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010149", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000128", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000069", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mesencephalic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0025462

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001893
name: telencephalon
def: "Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Telencephalon, FMA:62000]
comment: The telencephalon is the name for a large region within the brain that is attributed many functions. Many people refer to it as the cerebrum; however, it is technically referred to as the telencephalon. As a more technical definition, the telencephalon refers to the cerebral hemispheres and other, smaller structures within the brain, although the telencephalon is one of the larger divisions (in terms of number). It is the anterior-most embryological division of the brain that develops from the prosencephalon. The telencephalon is composed of the following sub-regions; Limbic system; Cerebral cortex or cortices of the cerebral hemispheres, Basal ganglia, Olfactory bulb. The telencephalon comprises what most people think of as the 'brain' It lies on top of the brainstem and is the largest and most well-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. The telencephalon is the newest structure in the phylogenetic sense, with mammals having the largest and most well-developed among all species. It emerges from the prosencephalon, the first of three vesicles that form from the embryonic neural tube (Christine Fennema-Notestine, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1115).
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "endbrain" EXACT [Swanson:2004]
synonym: "cerebrum" EXACT [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Cerebrum]
xref: BTO:0000239
xref: EFO:0000912 ! telencephalon
xref: FMA:62000 ! Telencephalon
xref: GAID:621 ! telencephalon
xref: VHOG:0000283 ! telencephalon
xref: MA:0000183 ! telencephalon
xref: MAT:0000421 ! telencephalon
xref: MIAA:0000421 ! telencephalon
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1115 ! Telencephalon
xref: TAO:0000079 ! telencephalon
xref: XAO:0000012 ! telencephalon
xref: ZFA:0000079 ! telencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001982 ! telencephalon
xref: EMAPA:16652 ! telencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16910 ! telencephalon of forebrain
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885 ! telencephalon
xref: EV:0100165 ! cerebrum
xref: ABA:CH ! Cerebrum
xref: BM:Tel ! telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0002780 ! regional part of forebrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002037 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellum
xref: AAO:0010479 ! telencephalon
xref: SCTID:263353005 ! Entire cerebrum
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003850 {evidence="definitional"} ! telencephalon neural crest
property_value: external_definition "Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010479", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The anterior and dorsal forebrain neuromere, includes the olfactory bulb. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000079", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from presumptive telencephalon (TAO:0000571)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000079", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "From an evolutionary standpoint, the telencephalon is the most recent brain structure: the amphioxus does not have this structure as a morphological entity. Overt telencephalon is present in the hagfish and lamprey to receive numerous input fibers from various parts of the CNS, similar to gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000283", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y\, Uchida K\, Rijli FM and Kuratani S\, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cerebral" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "telenencephalic" xsd:string
property_value: taxon_notes "In the most primitive living vertebrates, the hagfishes and lampreys, the cerebrum is a relatively simple structure receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory bulb." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telencephalon#Variation_among_species"}
property_value: taxon_notes "In ray-finned fishes the inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telencephalon#Variation_among_species"}
property_value: taxon_notes "In the amniotes, the cerebrum becomes increasingly large and complex. In reptiles, the paleopallium is much larger than in amphibians, and its growth has pushed the basal nuclei into the central regions of the cerebrum." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telencephalon#Variation_among_species"}
property_value: taxon_notes "The cerebrum of birds has evolved along different lines to that of mammals, although they are similarly enlarged, by comparison with reptiles. However, this enlargement is largely due to the basal ganglia, with the other areas remaining relatively primitive in structure." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telencephalon#Variation_among_species"}
property_value: taxon_notes "In mammals the cortex covers almost the whole of the cerebral hemispheres." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telencephalon#Variation_among_species"}
property_value: taxon_notes "dolphins are the only species (other than humans) to have cerebra accounting for as much as 2 percent of their body weight." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telencephalon#Variation_among_species"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001894
name: diencephalon
def: "Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus[FMA]. The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye cups, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis). <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>" [Wikipedia:Diencephalon, ZFIN:curator, FMA:62001]
comment: Note that in ABA, this is part of the brain stem
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "between brain" EXACT []
synonym: "interbrain" EXACT [Swanson:2004]
synonym: "mature diencephalon" EXACT  [FMA:62001]
synonym: "betweenbrain" RELATED [BTO:0000342]
xref: BTO:0000342
xref: EFO:0000911 ! diencephalon
xref: EHDAA:1969 ! diencephalon
xref: EHDAA:2645 ! diencephalon
xref: EHDAA:3472 ! diencephalon
xref: FMA:62001 ! Diencephalon
xref: GAID:618 ! diencephalon
xref: VHOG:0000318 ! diencephalon
xref: MA:0000171 ! diencephalon
xref: MAT:0000420 ! diencephalon
xref: MIAA:0000420 ! diencephalon
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1503 ! Diencephalon
xref: TAO:0000101 ! diencephalon
xref: XAO:0000013 ! diencephalon
xref: ZFA:0000101 ! diencephalon
xref: ncithesaurus:Diencephalon ! Diencephalon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwC-V0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! diencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0000385 ! diencephalon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:16641 ! diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16896 ! diencephalon of forebrain
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385 ! diencephalon
xref: EV:0100194 ! diencephalon
xref: ABA:IB ! Interbrain
xref: BM:Die ! diencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0002780 ! regional part of forebrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002028 {source="ABA"} ! hindbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001891 {source="ABA"} ! midbrain
xref: AAO:0010481 ! diencephalon
xref: SCTID:279328001 ! Entire diencephalon
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003851 {evidence="definitional"} ! diencephalon neural crest
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0006222 {evidence="definitional"} ! future diencephalon
synonym: "diencephalon" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Diencephalon]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg
property_value: external_definition "Unpaired part of the forebrain comprised of three major parts; the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010481", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye cups, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis). Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000101", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000318", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "diencephalic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0012144

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010092
name: future metencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0000623 ! future metencephalon
def: "A developing anatomical structure that develops_into a metencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001895
name: metencephalon
def: "Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum." [Wikipedia:Metencephalon]
comment: the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA].
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "epencephalon-2" RELATED [FMA:62003]
synonym: "epencephalon" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Epencephalon]
xref: BTO:0000673
xref: EHDAA:5498 ! metencephalon
xref: FMA:62003 ! Metencephalon
xref: GAID:594 ! metencephalon
xref: VHOG:0000741 ! metencephalon
xref: MA:0000197 ! metencephalon
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_965 ! Metencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001149 ! metencephalon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17071 ! metencephalon
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428 ! metencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 ! Danio rerio
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010092 {evidence="definitional"} ! future metencephalon
xref: ncithesaurus:Epencephalon ! Epencephalon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg
property_value: external_definition "The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000741", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/metencephalon", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000741", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1516904

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010096
name: future myelencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005290 ! myelencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0000640 ! future myelencephalon
def: "A developing anatomical structure that develops_into a myelencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005290
name: myelencephalon
def: "The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]." [Wikipedia:Myelencephalon, BTO:0000758]
comment: the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000758 ! myelencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001207 ! myelencephalon
xref: EHDAA:5526 ! myelencephalon
xref: EMAPA:17082 ! myelencephalon
xref: VHOG:0000456 ! myelencephalon
xref: MA:0000205 ! myelencephalon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg/200px-EmbryonicBrain.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 ! Danio rerio
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010096 {evidence="definitional"} ! future myelencephalon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg
property_value: external_definition "The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000456", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myelencephalon", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000456", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001896
name: medulla oblongata
def: "Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]." [FMA:62004, GO:0021550, Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_oblongata]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bulb" BROAD []
synonym: "metepencephalon" RELATED [FMA:62004]
synonym: "medulla" BROAD [ABA:MY]
xref: ABA:MY ! Medulla
xref: BTO:0000041 ! medulla oblongata
xref: EFO:0000924 ! medulla oblongata
xref: EHDAA:7588 ! medulla oblongata
xref: FMA:62004 ! Medulla oblongata
xref: GAID:590 ! medulla oblongata
xref: VHOG:0000181 ! medulla oblongata
xref: MA:0000206 ! medulla oblongata
xref: MAT:0000111 ! medulla oblonmgata
xref: MAT:0000367 ! bulb
xref: MIAA:0000111 ! medulla oblonmgata
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_957 ! Medulla oblongata
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000545 ! medulla oblongata
xref: XAO:0003100 ! medulla oblongata
xref: ZFA:0000545 ! medulla oblongata
xref: ncithesaurus:Medulla_Oblongata ! Medulla Oblongata
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! medulla oblongata
xref: EHDAA2:0001088 ! medulla oblongata (also: UBERON:0010288 'future medulla oblongata')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg/200px-Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17550 ! medulla oblongata
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.406 ! medulla oblongata
xref: EV:0100275 ! medulla oblongata
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002298 ! brainstem
relationship: capable_of GO:0002027 ! regulation of heart rate
relationship: capable_of GO:0043576 ! regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
relationship: capable_of GO:0044058 ! regulation of digestive system process
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005290 ! myelencephalon
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000988 {source="ABA"} ! pons
synonym: "bulbus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62004]
xref: AAO:0010486 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:279104005 ! Entire medulla oblongata
synonym: "medulla oblonzata" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medulla_oblongata]
property_value: external_definition "Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010486", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000181", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000181", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.08.017 Marin F\, Aroca P\, Puelles L\, Hox gene colinear expression in the avian medulla oblongata is correlated with pseudorhombomeric domains. Developmental Biology (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0025148

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005807
name: rostral ventrolateral medulla
def: "Control of blood pressure is crucially dependent on the integrity of a small region of the brainstem called the ventrolateral medulla. Within this part of the brain are the cells that control the heart, blood vessels, swallowing, breathing and many other functions of the body that are not noticed at a conscious level; such unconscious activities are known as 'Autonomic'. One of these regions is the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) is also known as the pressor area of the medulla (medulla pressor). It receives inhibitory GABAergic input from the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The RVLM is the primary regulator of the sympathetic nervous system, sending excitatory fibers (catecholaminergic) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, via reticulospinal tract[WP]." [Wikipedia:Rostral_ventrolateral_medulla]
synonym: "RVLM" EXACT []
synonym: "medulla pressor" EXACT [Wikipedia:Rostral_ventrolateral_medulla]
xref: BTO:0002778 ! rostral ventrolateral medulla
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: has_function_in GO:0008217 {source="Wikipedia"} ! control of blood pressure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004703
name: dorsal thalamus
comment: MA and ZFA think there is a distinct dorsal thalamus, but FMA says its an exact synonym. TODO. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8167659
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal thalamus" RELATED [FMA:62007]
synonym: "thalamus, pars dorsalis" EXACT [ZFA:0000653]
xref: ZFA:0000653 ! dorsal thalamus
xref: MA:0000180 ! dorsal thalamus
xref: BM:Die-Th ! dorsal thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Thalamus ! Dorsal Thalamus
xref: EHDAA2:0000692 ! dorsal thalamus
xref: TAO:0000653 ! dorsal thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010225 ! thalamic complex
name: thalamic complex
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 {source="EHDAA2"} ! diencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0004469 ! thalamic complex
xref: FMA:258745 ! thalamic complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001897
name: thalamus
def: "A midline paired symmetrical structure within the brains of vertebrates, including humans. It is situated between the cerebral cortex and midbrain, both in terms of location and neurological connections. Its function includes relaying sensation, special sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness. The thalamus surrounds the third ventricle. It is the main product of the embryonic diencephalon." [Wikipedia:Thalamus]
comment: AO notes: MA and ZFA think there is a distinct dorsal thalamus, but FMA says its an exact synonym. FMA has a distinct class for thalamic complex.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal thalamus" RELATED [FMA:62007]
synonym: "dorsal thalamus (anthoney)" EXACT [FMA:62007]
synonym: "thalamus dorsalis" RELATED [BTO:0001365]
xref: BTO:0001365
xref: EFO:0000910 ! thalamus
xref: FMA:62007 ! Thalamus
xref: GAID:656 ! thalamus
xref: VHOG:0000657 ! thalamus
xref: MA:0000179 ! thalamus
xref: MAT:0000109 ! thalamus
xref: MIAA:0000109 ! thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_954 ! Thalamus
xref: TAO:0001215 ! thalamus
xref: ZFA:0001215 ! thalamus
xref: ncithesaurus:Thalamus ! Thalamus
xref: galen:Thalamus ! thalamus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwMPQ65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! thalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brain_chrischan_thalamus.jpg/200px-Brain_chrischan_thalamus.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17540 ! thalamus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.826 ! thalamus
xref: EV:0100195 ! thalamus
xref: ABA:TH ! Thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010225 ! thalamic complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001898 {source="ABA"} ! hypothalamus
xref: AAO:0010483 ! thalamus
xref: SCTID:244433007 ! Entire thalamus
synonym: "thalamus dorsalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thalamus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Brain_chrischan_thalamus.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Part of the diencephalon consisting of a mass of connecting fibers which relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010483", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
synonym: "thalami" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000657]
property_value: external_definition "One of a pair of large oval nervous structures made of gray matter and forming most of the lateral walls of the third ventricle of the brain and part of the diencephalon. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000657", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thalamus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the brain regions of tetrapods, the structures they contain, and their basic organizational features are the same as in fishes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000657", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.484", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0010225 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! thalamic complex
property_value: has_relational_adjective "thalamic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0039729

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001898
name: hypothalamus
def: "A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]." [Wikipedia:Hypothalamus, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Taxon notes: all vertebrates contain a hypothalamus[WP].
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic area" EXACT []
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic region" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000614
xref: EFO:0000107 ! hypothalamus
xref: EHDAA:5446 ! hypothalamus
xref: FMA:62008 ! Hypothalamus
xref: GAID:460 ! hypothalamus
xref: galen:Hypothalamus
xref: VHOG:0000179 ! hypothalamus
xref: MA:0000173 ! hypothalamus
xref: MAT:0000112 ! hypothalamus
xref: MIAA:0000112 ! hypothalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_734 ! Hypothalamus
xref: TAO:0000032 ! hypothalamus
xref: ZFA:0000032 ! hypothalamus
xref: ncithesaurus:Hypothalamus ! Hypothalamus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwEgr9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hypothalamus
xref: EHDAA2:0000802 ! hypothalamus
xref: EMAPA:17536 ! hypothalamus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.482 ! hypothalamus
xref: EV:0100225 ! hypothalamus
xref: ABA:HY ! Hypothalamus
xref: BM:Die-Hy ! hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 ! limbic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001897 {source="ABA"} ! thalamus
relationship: capable_of GO:0046883 {source="WP"} ! regulation of hormone secretion
relationship: capable_of GO:0060986 ! endocrine hormone secretion
xref: AAO:0010484 ! hypothalamus
xref: SCTID:264483005 ! Entire hypothalamus
xref: XAO:0004070 ! hypothalamus
synonym: "hypothalamus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hypothalamus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/LocationOfHypothalamus.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Part of the diencephalon ventral to the thalamus consisting of connecting fibers and is a center for control of the autonomous nervous system.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010484", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000032", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "For instance, the vertebrate ventral diencephalon generates the hypothalamus which functions as a major endocrine center in cooperation with the hypophysis, the anterior part of the pituitary gland, located just ventral to the hypothalamus. In the amphioxus brain, the presence of a hypothalamus-like structure has been reported associated with the ventrally located Hatschek's pit, the hypothetical hypophysial homologue. It is thus conceivable that a hypothalamus-like structure originally involved in endocrine functions may have already been present before the establishment of vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000179", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y\, Uchida K\, Rijli FM and Kuratani S\, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "hypothalamic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0020663

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009976
name: hypothalamo-hypophyseal system
def: "An intrinsic circulatory network that transports hormones from the median eminence of the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis." [ISBN10:0471888893, Wikipedia:Hypophyseal_portal_system]
comment: Taxon notes: in lampreys and teleost hormones enter the adenohypophysis by diffusion. Editor notes: we represent this structure strictly as a system of blood vessels (presumably in line with the FMA). It could also be extended to include neurons and fiber tracts, as per the MESH definition. Function notes: One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles[WP]
synonym: "hypothalamohypophyseal portal system" EXACT  []
synonym: "hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system" EXACT  [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "hypothalamo hypophyseal system" RELATED  [MESH:A06.407.747.357]
synonym: "hypothalamo-hypophyseal system" RELATED  [MESH:A06.407.747.357]
synonym: "hypophyseal portal system" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Hypophyseal_portal_system]
synonym: "venae portales hypophysiales" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Hypophyseal_portal_system]
synonym: "venae portales hypophysiales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hypophyseal_portal_system]
is_a: UBERON:0005806 ! portal system
relationship: connects UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus
relationship: connects UBERON:0002197 ! median eminence of neurohypophysis
relationship: connects UBERON:0002196 ! adenohypophysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! Teleostei
xref: MESH:A06.407.747.357 ! hypothalamo-hypophyseal system
xref: FMA:70860 ! set of portal veins of hypophysis
xref: ncithesaurus:Hypothalamohypophyseal_Portal_System ! hypothalamohypophyseal portal system
synonym: "set of portal veins of hypophysis" RELATED [FMA:70860]
synonym: "portal veins of hypophysis" RELATED [FMA:70860]
xref: UMLS:C1512570

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001899
name: epithalamus
def: "The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle[GO]. a dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon (a segment in the middle of the brain also containing the hypothalamus and the thalamus) which includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body. Its function is the connection between the limbic system to other parts of the brain[WP] Some functions of its components include the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland. " [Wikipedia:Epithalamus]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: BTO:0000175
xref: EFO:0000918 ! epithalamus
xref: EHDAA:5433 ! epithalamus
xref: FMA:62009 ! Epithalamus
xref: GAID:455 ! epithalamus
xref: VHOG:0000178 ! epithalamus
xref: MA:0000172 ! epithalamus
xref: MAT:0000422 ! epithalamus
xref: MIAA:0000422 ! epithalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1710 ! Epithalamus
xref: TAO:0000509 ! epithalamus
xref: ZFA:0000509 ! epithalamus
xref: ncithesaurus:Epithalamus ! Epithalamus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvneLQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! epithalamus
xref: EHDAA2:0000448 ! epithalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Epithalamus.png/200px-Epithalamus.png
xref: EMAPA:17532 ! epithalamus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.200 ! epithalamus
xref: EV:0100220 ! epithalamus
xref: ABA:EPI ! Epithalamus
xref: BM:Die-Epi ! epithalamus
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002733 {source="ABA"} ! intralaminar nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002736 {source="ABA"} ! lateral nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001903 {source="ABA"} ! thalamic reticular nucleus
xref: AAO:0010482 ! epithalamus
xref: SCTID:281487003 ! Entire epithalamus
synonym: "epithalamus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Epithalamus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Epithalamus.png
property_value: external_definition "Dorsal segment of the diencephalon containing the habenular ganglia, a choroid plexus, and the pineal organ.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010482", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The roof of the diencephalon lying above the thalamus. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-11, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000178", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The epithalamus has been historically conceived as a distinct neuroanatomical moiety within the diencephalon of all vertebrates. (...) The evolutionary origins of epithalamic structures are uncertain but asymmetry in this region is likely to have existed at the origin of the vertebrate, perhaps even the chordate, lineage.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000178", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910063.x Concha ML and Wilson SW\, Asymmetry in the epithalamus of vertebrates. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epithalamic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0152361

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001900
name: subthalamus
def: "Anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis[GO]." [GO:0021539, Wikipedia:Subthalamus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "prethalamus" EXACT DEVELOPMENTAL []
synonym: "subthalamic region" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "thalamus ventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_708]
xref: FMA:62010 ! Subthalamus
xref: GAID:653 ! subthalamus
xref: MA:0000181 ! ventral thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_708 ! Subthalamus
xref: TAO:0000458 ! ventral thalamus
xref: ZFA:0000458 ! ventral thalamus
xref: ncithesaurus:Ventral_Thalamus ! Ventral Thalamus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.800 ! subthalamus
xref: EV:0100223 ! subthalamus
xref: BM:Die-VTh ! ventral thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001897 {source="MA"} ! thalamus
xref: SCTID:279332007 ! Entire subthalamus
xref: EHDAA2:0004470 ! subthalamus
property_value: has_relational_adjective "subthalamic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0152349

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001901
name: epithelium of trachea
alt_id: UBERON:0003227
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "trachea epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "tracheal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001389
xref: FMA:62015 ! Epithelium of trachea
xref: VHOG:0001045 ! trachea epithelium
xref: MA:0001862 ! trachea epithelium
xref: EHDAA:5007 ! epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Tracheal_Epithelium ! Tracheal Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0002069 ! trachea epithelium
xref: EMAPA:16855 ! epithelium of trachea
xref: EMAPA:18409 ! epithelium of carina tracheae
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003258 ! endoderm of foregut
def: "An epithelium that is part of a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1179002

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001902
name: epithelium of small intestine
def: "An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "small intestinal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mid intestine epithelium" EXACT [ZFA:0005127]
xref: BTO:0001258
xref: FMA:62017 ! Epithelium of small intestine
xref: MA:0001553 ! small intestine epithelium
xref: ZFA:0005127 ! mid intestine epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0001277 ! intestinal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001204 ! mucosa of small intestine
relationship: has_part CL:0000164 {source="FMA"} ! enteroendocrine cell
xref: SCTID:45480009 ! Small intestine epithelium
xref: TAO:0005127 ! mid intestine epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the mid intestine.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005127", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001903
name: thalamic reticular nucleus
def: "The thalamic reticular nucleus is part of the ventral thalamus that forms a capsule around the thalamus laterally. It is separated from the thalamus by the external medullary lamina. Reticular cells are GABAergic, and have discoid dendritic arbors in the plane of the nucleus. Thalamic Reticular Nucleus is variously abbreviated TRN, RTN, NRT, and RT. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thalamic_reticular_nucleus]
comment: AO notes: only MA considers this part of a subthalamus; MA also considers a subthalamus part of a thalamus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "reticular nuclear group" EXACT []
synonym: "reticular nucleus of thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "reticular nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "reticular nucleus-2" EXACT []
synonym: "reticular thalamic nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62026 ! Thalamic reticular nucleus
xref: MA:0000876 ! reticular thalamic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1721 ! Thalamic reticular nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Constudthal.gif/200px-Constudthal.gif
xref: EV:0100214 ! reticular thalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:RT ! Reticular nucleus of the thalamus
xref: BM:Die-VTh-R ! reticular nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001900 {source="MA"} ! subthalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001899 {source="ABA"} ! epithalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002733 {source="ABA"} ! intralaminar nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002736 {source="ABA"} ! lateral nuclear group
synonym: "nucleus reticularis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62026]
xref: SCTID:279164008 ! Entire thalamic reticular nucleus
synonym: "nucleus reticularis thalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thalamic_reticular_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Constudthal.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007764
name: paramedian reticular nucleus
def: "The paramedian reticular nucleus (in Terminologia Anatomica, or paramedian medullary reticular group in NeuroNames) sends its connections to the spinal cord in a mostly ipsilateral manner, although there is some decussation. It projects to the vermis in the anterior lobe, the pyramis and the uvula. The paramedian nucleus also projects to the contralateral PRN, the gigantocellular nucleus, and the nucleus ambiguous. The paramedian reticular formation is adjacent to the abducens (VI)nucleus in the pons and adjacent to the oculomotor nucleus(III) in the midbrain. The paramedian nucleus receives afferents mostly from the fastigial nucleus in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex; however, the projections from the spinal cord are very sparse. The descending afferent connections come mostly from the frontal and parietal lobes; however the pontine reticular formation also sends projections to the paramedian reticular nucleus. There are also very sparse innervations from the superior colliculus. Lesions in the paramedian reticular nucleus have been shown to cause a stereotyped increase in the random patterns of motion in rats. The paramedian nuclei on either side of the brain stem have been shown to mediate the horizontal eye movements on their ipsilateral sides. It seems possible that that the random motion patterns of the above rats were caused by an inability to mediate their horizontal eye movements." [Wikipedia:Paramedian_reticular_nucleus]
comment: todo - check
synonym: "nucleus reticularis paramedianus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Paramedian_reticular_nucleus]
synonym: "ventral paramedian reticular nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:72583]
xref: FMA:72583 ! ventral paramedian reticular nucleus
xref: ABA:PMR ! Paramedian reticular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007635 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of medulla oblongata
synonym: "paramedian nucleus reticularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Paramedian_reticular_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001904
name: habenula
def: "Habenula is a segment of the epithalamus that has as its parts the lateral and medial habenular nuclei and the habenular commissure. // The habenula relays impulses from limbic areas of the telencephalon to an unpaired midbrain nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus." [Wikipedia:Habenula, ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - add separate term for nucleus (e.g. BTO:0003685 habenular nucleus)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "habenulae" RELATED []
synonym: "habenular nuclei" RELATED []
synonym: "habenular nucleus" RELATED []
xref: FMA:62032 ! Habenula
xref: GAID:619 ! habenula
xref: MA:0000830 ! habenula
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1611 ! Habenula
xref: TAO:0000213 ! habenula
xref: ZFA:0000213 ! habenula
xref: BTO:0003684 ! habenula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray715.png/200px-Gray715.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.200.360 ! habenula
xref: EV:0100222 ! habenular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001899 ! epithalamus
xref: SCTID:362389008 ! Entire habenula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png
property_value: external_definition "The habenula relays impulses from limbic areas of the telencephalon to an unpaired midbrain nucleus,  the interpeduncular nucleus.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000213", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "habenular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000445
name: habenular trigone
def: "The habenular trigone is a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the taenia thalami. It contains a group of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenulC&. Fibers enter it from the stalk of the pineal body, and others, forming what is termed the habenular commissure, pass across the middle line to the corresponding ganglion of the opposite side. Most of its fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert, which passes medial to the red nucleus, and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular ganglion." [Wikipedia:Habenular_trigone]
comment: superclass in BTO is thalamic nucleus, not present in most ontologies
synonym: "trigone of habenulae" RELATED [BTO:0002700]
synonym: "trigonum habenulae" RELATED [BTO:0002700]
xref: BTO:0002700
xref: FMA:74868 ! Habenular trigone
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001904 ! habenula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
synonym: "trigonum habenulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Habenular_trigone]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001905
name: pineal body
def: "The pineal body is an unpaired glandular organ subdivision shaped somewhat like a pine cone. It is attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus." [Wikipedia:Pineal_gland]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "glandula pinealis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "pineal gland" EXACT  [FMA:62033]
synonym: "corpus pineale" EXACT []
synonym: "epiphysis" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ZFA:0000019]
synonym: "epiphysis cerebri" RELATED [Wikipedia:Epiphysis_cerebri]
synonym: "pineal organ" EXACT [ZFA:0000019]
xref: BTO:0001067
xref: EFO:0000865 ! pineal gland
xref: EHDAA:7523 ! pineal gland
xref: FMA:62033 ! Pineal body
xref: GAID:453 ! pineal gland
xref: VHOG:0000051 ! pineal gland
xref: MA:0000175 ! pineal gland
xref: MAT:0000448 ! pineal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Pineal_Gland
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1184 ! Pineal body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010009 ! Pineal gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2FMGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000160 ! pineal gland
xref: ZFA:0000019 ! epiphysis
xref: galen:PinealGland ! pineal gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2FMGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pineal gland
xref: EHDAA2:0001466 ! pineal gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg/200px-Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18778 ! pineal gland
xref: MESH:A06.407.635 ! pineal gland
xref: EV:0100221 ! pineal body
xref: EV:0100131 ! pineal gland
xref: ABA:PIN ! Pineal body
xref: BM:P ! corpus pineale
is_a: UBERON:0010134 {source="MA"} ! secretory circumventricular organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001899 {source="multiple"} ! epithalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001941 {source="ABA"} ! lateral habenular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001942 {source="ABA"} ! medial habenular nucleus
synonym: "glandula pinealis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62033]
xref: AAO:0010549 ! pineal body
xref: SCTID:181126002 ! Entire pineal gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: TAO:0000019 ! epiphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure which is a medial outgrowth of the thalamus on the dorsal surface of the brain. This structure is light sensitive and secretes melatonin when exposed to prolonged darkness.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010549", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "A circumscribed swelling, includes the pineal primordium that appears late in the segmentation period in the dorsal midline of the diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000019", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of pineal complex (TAO:0001359)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000019", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "frontal organ" RELATED [VHOG:0000051]
synonym: "pineal" RELATED [VHOG:0000051]
synonym: "stirnorgan" RELATED [VHOG:0000051]
property_value: homology_notes "The pineal gland has evolved from a part of the epiphyseal complex of anamniotes, which includes a median light-receptive pineal eye, parietal eye, or both.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000051", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.516", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epiphyseal" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epiphysial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0031939

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011768
name: pineal gland stalk
comment: Editors note: compare with habenula
synonym: "epiphyseal stalk" EXACT [ZFA:0001292]
synonym: "habenula" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001905 {source="VHOG", source="EMAPA"} ! pineal body
xref: VHOG:0001360 ! pineal gland stalk
xref: ZFA:0001292 ! epiphyseal stalk
xref: TAO:0001292 ! epiphyseal stalk
xref: EMAPA:19036 ! stalk
property_value: external_definition "The stalk emanates from the diencephalic roof at a left-of-medial position.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001292", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of pineal complex (TAO:0001359)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001292", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "pineal stalk" EXACT [TAO:0001292]
property_value: homology_notes "The epithalamus contains the epiphysis (pineal gland and related structures), which is located at the end of a stalk, the epiphyseal stalk.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001360", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB\, Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.66", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001906
name: subthalamic nucleus
def: "The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function[GO]." [Wikipedia:Subthalamic_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "body of forel" EXACT []
synonym: "body of luys" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus of corpus luysii" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus of luys" EXACT []
synonym: "subthalamic nucleus (of luys)" EXACT []
synonym: "Luys' body" RELATED [BTO:0002252]
synonym: "nucleus subthalamicus" RELATED [BTO:0002252]
xref: FMA:62035 ! Subthalamic nucleus
xref: GAID:655 ! subthalamic nucleu
xref: MA:0000877 ! subthalamic nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Subthalamic_Nucleus ! Subthalamic Nucleus
xref: BTO:0002252 ! subthalamic nucleus
xref: EFO:0001392 ! subthalamic nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Basal-ganglia-coronal-sections-large.png/200px-Basal-ganglia-coronal-sections-large.png
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010002 ! Subthalamic nucleus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.800.800 ! subthalamic nucleu
xref: EV:0100224 ! subthalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:STN ! Subthalamic nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Sb ! subthalamic nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001900 ! subthalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002430 {source="ABA"} ! lateral hypothalamic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001931 {source="ABA"} ! lateral preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001933 {source="ABA"} ! retrochiasmatic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001907 {source="ABA"} ! zona incerta
synonym: "nucleus subthalamicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subthalamic_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Basal-ganglia-coronal-sections-large.png
xref: UMLS:C0152355

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001907
name: zona incerta
def: "The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter cells in the subthalamus below the thalamus. Its connections project extensively over the brain from the cerebral cortex down into the spinal cord. Its function is unknown though several have been proposed related to “limbic–motor integration” such as controlling visceral activity and pain; gating sensory input and synchronizing cortical and subcortical brain rhythms. Its dysfunction may play a role in central pain syndrome. It is also been identified as a promising deep brain stimulation therapy target for treating Parkinsons Disease. Its existence was first described by Auguste Forel in 1877 as a “region of which nothing certain can be said”. A hundred and thirty years later in 2007, Nadia Urbain and Martin Deschênes of Université Laval noted that the “zona incerta is among the least studied regions of the brain; its name does not even appear in the index of many textbooks. ” [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Zona_incerta]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:62038 ! Zona incerta
xref: MA:0000878 ! zona incerta
xref: BTO:0003146 ! zona incerta
xref: ABA:ZI ! Zona incerta
xref: BM:Die-VTh-ZI ! zona incerta
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001900 ! subthalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002430 {source="ABA"} ! lateral hypothalamic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001931 {source="ABA"} ! lateral preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001933 {source="ABA"} ! retrochiasmatic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001906 {source="ABA"} ! subthalamic nucleus
xref: SCTID:369186007 ! Entire zona incerta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001910
name: medial forebrain bundle
def: "The Medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a complex bundle of axons coming from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region, and the septal nuclei, and passing to the lateral hypothalamus, with some carrying on into the tegmentum. It contains both ascending and descending fibers. It also represents a part of the mesolimbic pathway, carrying information between the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens. It is commonly accepted that the MFB is a part of the reward system, involved in the integration of reward and pleasure. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle is believed to cause sensations of pleasure. This hypothesis is based upon intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Animals will work for MFB ICSS, and humans report that MFB ICSS is intensely pleasurable. This is most likely because the medial forebrain bundle carries information from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (nAcc or Acb). The nAcc is a recognized reward center, and activation of the pathway from the VTA to the nAcc is believed to be rewarding, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the hedonic highway. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_forebrain_bundle]
comment: AO notes: a pathway in NCIT
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "medial forebrain fasciculus" EXACT []
synonym: "telencephalic medial fasciculus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62064 ! Medial forebrain bundle
xref: GAID:736 ! medial forebrain bundle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_908 ! Medial forebrain bundle
xref: TAO:0005111 ! medial forebrain bundle
xref: ZFA:0005111 ! medial forebrain bundle
xref: ncithesaurus:Medial_Forebrain_Bundle ! Medial Forebrain Bundle
xref: MESH:A08.612.492 ! medial forebrain bundle
is_a: UBERON:0005838 ! fasciculus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
synonym: "fasciculus medialis telencephali" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_forebrain_bundle]
xref: UMLS:C0025055

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013614
name: fasciculus aberans
def: "The fasciulus aberrans is a distinct bundle of fibers at the dorsal aspect of the anterior commisure.  These fibers travel in the internal capsule between the putamen and caudate nuclei, and cross the midline to connect the dorsal neocortex of the two hemispheres.  When the fasciculus aberrans is absent, the fibers connecting the neocortex of the two hemispheres takes a diffderent route through the external capsule[Johnson et al., (1982a, 1982b, 1994)]" [MorphoBank:177]
is_a: UBERON:0002473 ! intercerebral commissure
is_a: UBERON:0005838 {source="cjm"} ! fasciculus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005333 ! mammary bud
name: mammary bud
alt_id: UBERON:0004181 ! mammary gland bud
def: "Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord[GO]. produced along the length of the embryonic mammary ridge these buds represent the future locations of the mammary glands. Invagination of ectoderm at each bud leads to the development of epithelial diverticula, later maturing as lactiferous ducts[TFD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mammary+bud, GO:0060648]
synonym: "mammary gland bud" EXACT [GO:0060648]
synonym: "milk bud" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0005153 ! epithelial bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="PMID:20484386"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005311 ! mammary placode

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005311 ! mammary placode
name: mammary placode
def: "The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper[GO]." [GO:0060596]
comment: TODO develops_from
is_a: UBERON:0011814 {source="NBK53175"} ! non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008425 {source="Stedmans"} ! mammary ridge

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004182
name: mammary gland cord
def: "Mammary gland cords form when the mammary gland bud invades the mammary fat" [GO:0060652]
comment: TODO - mammary placode
intersection_of: UBERON:0005154 ! epithelial cord
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001765 ! lactiferous duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001765
name: mammary duct
def: "Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO]." [GO:0060603, Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct]
comment: This structure regresses in most males
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "mammary gland duct" EXACT []
synonym: "ductus lactiferi" RELATED [BTO:0002845]
synonym: "galactophorous tubule" RELATED [BTO:0002845]
synonym: "lactiferous tubule" RELATED [BTO:0002845]
synonym: "lactiferous duct" EXACT [FMA:58006]
synonym: "lactiferous gland duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:58006 ! Lactiferous duct
xref: MA:0000791 ! mammary gland duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Lactiferous_Duct ! Lactiferous Duct
xref: BTO:0002845 ! mammary duct
is_a: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001913 ! milk
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0002030 ! nipple
xref: SCTID:361719004 ! Entire lactiferous duct
synonym: "ductus lactiferi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lactiferous_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Illu_breast_anatomy.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0222613

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001911
name: mammary gland
def: "The specialized accessory gland of the skin of female mammals that secretes milk. In the human female, it is a compound tubuloalveolar gland composed of 15 to 25 lobes arranged radially about the nipple and separated by connective and adipose tissue, each lobe having its own excretory (lactiferous) duct opening on the nipple. The lobes are subdivided into lobules, with the alveolar ducts and alveoli being the secretory portion of the gland[BTO]. The mouse forms five to six pairs of mammary glands that extend from the neck to the groin." [Wikipedia:Mammary_gland, BTO:0000817]
comment: Note that this class corresponds to the generic mammary gland. The human mammary gland is in the thoracic/breast region and is therefore covered by the subclass "thoracic mammary gland" // Males typically only have rudimentary mammary glands, The male Dayak fruit bat has lactating mammary glands. Male lactation occurs infrequently in some species. We make a part_of association to female organism for now as this is the canonical case // AO notes: in MP, this is implicitly part of female reproductive system, but not female genitalia // A mouse mammary gland contains a single duct or sinus, forming 5-10 secondary ducts
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lobe of breast" EXACT []
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland" EXACT []
synonym: "lactiferous gland" EXACT [FMA:62088]
synonym: "Brustdruese" RELATED [BTO:0000817]
synonym: "glandula mammaria" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:57983]
synonym: "mamma" RELATED [BTO:0000817]
synonym: "mammae" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "dug" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mammary_gland]
xref: BTO:0000817 ! mammary gland
xref: EFO:0000854 ! mammary gland
xref: VHOG:0000398 ! mammary gland
xref: MA:0000145 ! mammary gland
xref: MAT:0000073 ! mammary gland
xref: MIAA:0000073 ! mammary gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Mammary_Gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjVq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! mammary gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Illu_breast_anatomy.jpg/200px-Illu_breast_anatomy.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17759 ! mammary gland
xref: MESH:A10.336.482 ! mammae
xref: EV:0100125 ! mammary gland
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="MA"} ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0001913 ! milk
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005333 ! mammary bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003100 {notes="see comments"} ! female organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 {source="VHOG", notes="see comments"} ! female reproductive system
xref: SCTID:361720005 ! Entire lobe of breast
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glandula mammaria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mammary_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Illu_breast_anatomy.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Any of the milk-producing apocrine glands typically occurring in pairs in female mammals and consisting of lobes containing clusters of alveoli with a system of ducts to convey the milk to an external nipple or teat. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000398", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mammary+gland", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The detailed similarities of mammary glands in living monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians argue for a monophyletic origin of these glands, perhaps by the combination of parts of preexisting sebaceous and sweat glands.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000398", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.224", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mammary" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0929301

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005199
name: cervical mammary gland
xref: MA:0000789 ! cervical mammary gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005434 ! cervical region
def: "A mammary gland that is part of a cervical region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005200
name: thoracic mammary gland
def: "A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Mammary_gland#Other_mammals]
comment: Most primates have one pair of mammary glands, which are thoracic.
synonym: "anterior mammary gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mammary_gland#Other_mammals]
synonym: "breast mammary gland" EXACT []
synonym: "lactiferous gland" BROAD SENSU [FMA:62088]
synonym: "mammary gland" BROAD SENSU [FMA:62088]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000310 {source="BTO"} ! breast
xref: MA:0000797 ! thoracic mammary gland
xref: EHDAA:6524 ! mammary gland
xref: FMA:62088 ! Lactiferous gland
xref: EHDAA2:0001056 ! mammary gland
xref: SCTID:31448001 ! Caudal thoracic mammary gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! throax
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000310 {source="BTO"} ! breast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003488
name: abdominal mammary gland
def: "A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Taxon notes: Female mice normally have five pairs of nipples and mammary glands, three in the thoracic and two in the abdominal region. (There is an additional abdominal pair in female rats.) http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml
synonym: "abdomen lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdomen lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdomen lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdomen mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000787 ! abdominal mammary gland
xref: SCTID:68037003 ! Cranial abdominal mammary gland
xref: SCTID:113191002 ! Caudal abdominal mammary gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008424
name: inguinal mammary gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008337 ! inguinal part of abdomen
xref: MA:0000790 ! inguinal mammary gland
xref: SCTID:66519003 ! Inguinal mammary gland
def: "A mammary gland that is part of a inguinal part of abdomen." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013216
name: udder
def: "A large pendulous organ consisting of two or more mammary glands enclosed in a common envelope and each provided with a single nipple." [Wikipedia:Udder]
xref: SCTID:27528008 ! Udder
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
property_value: external_definition "An udder is an organ formed of the mammary glands of female quadruped mammals, especially ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep and deer. The udder is a single mass hanging beneath the animal, consisting of pairs of mammary glands. In cattle there are normally two pairs, in sheep, goats and deer there is one pair, and in some animals such as pigs there are many pairs. Udder care and hygiene in cows is important in milking, aiding uninterrupted and untainted milk production, and preventing mastitis. Products exist to soothe the chapped skin of the udder. This helps prevent bacterial infection, and reduces irritation during milking by the cups, and so the cow is less likely to kick the cups off[Wikipedia:Udder]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Udder"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011827 ! areolar gland
name: areolar gland
def: "Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of acini connected to the surface of the areola or to a lactiferous duct by the duct of areolar gland. Examples: There are variable numbers of areolar glands." [FMA:58090, Wikipedia:Areolar_glands]
is_a: UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002030 ! nipple
synonym: "accessory gland of breast" EXACT  [FMA:58090]
synonym: "accessory gland of Montgomery" EXACT  [FMA:58090]
synonym: "gland of Montgomery" EXACT  []
synonym: "Montgomery's gland" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:58090 ! areolar gland
xref: SCTID:279034002 ! Entire gland of Montgomery
xref: ncithesaurus:Montgomery_s_Tubercle ! montgomery tubercle
xref: UMLS:C0929386

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011828
name: areolar tubercle
synonym: "tubercle of Montgomery" EXACT  []
synonym: "Montgomery's tubercle" EXACT  []
synonym: "Montgomery tubercle" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0005813 {source="FMA"} ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002030 ! nipple
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0011827 ! areolar gland
xref: FMA:58091 ! areolar tubercle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011830
name: duct of lesser vestibular gland
synonym: "lesser vestibular gland duct" EXACT  [FMA:20094]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000461 ! minor vestibular gland
xref: FMA:20094 ! duct of lesser vestibular gland
def: "A duct that is part of a minor vestibular gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011831
name: duct of vestibular gland
synonym: "vestibular gland duct" EXACT  [FMA:20097]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011826 ! vestibular gland
xref: FMA:20097 ! duct of vestibular gland
def: "A duct that is part of a vestibular gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011844
name: duct of areolar gland
synonym: "areolar gland duct" EXACT  [FMA:67744]
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011827 ! areolar gland
xref: FMA:67744 ! duct of areolar gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011845
name: duct of sebaceous gland
synonym: "sebaceous gland duct" EXACT  [FMA:70947]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
xref: FMA:70947 ! duct of sebaceous gland
def: "A duct that is part of a sebaceous gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008425 ! mammary ridge
name: mammary ridge
def: "A bandlike thickening of ectoderm in the embryo extending from just below the axilla to the inguinal region and giving rise to the mammary glands[Stedmans]. One of two parallel lines, formed by thickenings of the epidermis (the mammary ridge) along the ventral surface of mammals of both sexes. They extend from the upper limbs (arms) to the lower limbs (legs) and are developed in the embryo. They give rise to the mammary glands and nipples but are otherwise usually not visible in the adult. The first manifestation of the mammary gland in many mammals is an elevated ridge or milk line, which then fragments into individual buds in specific regions lateral of the dorsal midline. These buds are either located in the thoracic region in primates, in the inguinal area in ungulates or along the entire length of the trunk in rodents and pigs. In humans, milk lines appear in the seventh week of embryonic development. After initial development of the milk lines they go into remission. Nipples develop on the milk lines of mammals. Most humans have two nipples, but in some cases more than two will develop. In most cases, these 'third nipples'—and sometimes fourth nipple—grow along the milk line[WP]." [Wikipedia:Milk_line, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mammary%20ridge]
comment: split ridge and milk line?
synonym: "mammary fold" EXACT [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mammary+ridge]
synonym: "milk line" RELATED [Wikipedia:Milk_line]
xref: EMAPA:18541 ! ridge
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001912
name: lobule of lactiferous gland
def: "Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct.[FMA]" [FMA:62090]
comment: TODO - ensure correct terminology for lobes/lobules. FMA uses lobule for core term, but also has 'set of mammary gland lobes'. ISBN10:0123813611 states no separate lobes in mouse
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "acinus of mammary gland" EXACT []
synonym: "lactiferous acinus" EXACT []
synonym: "lactiferous gland lobule" EXACT []
synonym: "lactiferous lobule" EXACT []
synonym: "lobule of mammary gland" EXACT []
synonym: "mammary acinus" EXACT []
synonym: "mammary gland lobule" EXACT []
synonym: "lobe of breast" RELATED  [BTO:0004718]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland" RELATED  [BTO:0004718]
synonym: "lobi glandulae mammariae" RELATED  [BTO:0004718]
synonym: "lobus glandulae mammariae" RELATED  [BTO:0004718]
synonym: "breast lobe" RELATED [BTO:0004718]
xref: FMA:62090 ! Lobule of lactiferous gland
xref: MA:0000793 ! mammary gland lobule
xref: BTO:0004718 ! breast lobe
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001915
name: endothelium of capillary
def: "An endothelium that is part of a capillary [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "capillary endothelium" EXACT []
synonym: "blood capillary endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary vessel endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of blood capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of capillary vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62114 ! Endothelium of capillary
xref: MA:0000711 ! capillary endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Capillary_Endothelium ! Capillary Endothelium
xref: BTO:0004954 ! capillary endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
xref: UMLS:C0006904

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001916
name: endothelium of arteriole
def: "An endothelium that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "arteriole endothelium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62115 ! Endothelium of arteriole
xref: MA:0000705 ! arteriole endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Arteriole_Endothelium ! Arteriole Endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole
xref: UMLS:C1179024

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001917
name: endothelium of artery
def: "An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "arterial endothelium" EXACT []
synonym: "artery endothelium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62116 ! Endothelium of artery
xref: VHOG:0001215 ! arterial endothelium
xref: MA:0000707 ! artery endothelium
xref: XAO:0000357 ! arterial endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Artery_Endothelium ! Artery Endothelium
xref: BTO:0004757 ! arterial endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0003915 ! endothelial tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: AAO:0011013 ! arterial endothelium
property_value: external_definition "The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011013", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001215", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1179025

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004700
name: arterial system endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000703 ! arterial system endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004572 ! part_of arterial system
xref: ncithesaurus:Arterial_System_Endothelium ! Arterial System Endothelium
xref: UMLS:C1706849

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001918
name: endothelium of venule
def: "An endothelium that is part of a venule [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "venule endothelium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62117 ! Endothelium of venule
xref: MA:0000716 ! venule endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Venule_Endothelium ! Venule Endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001979 ! venule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001979 ! venule
xref: UMLS:C1179026

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001919
name: endothelium of vein
def: "An endothelium that is part of a vein [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "vein endothelium" EXACT []
synonym: "venous endothelium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62118 ! Endothelium of vein
xref: VHOG:0001216 ! venous endothelium
xref: MA:0000712 ! vein endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Vein_Endothelium ! Vein Endothelium
xref: XAO:0000358 ! venous endothelium
xref: BTO:0004756 ! venous endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: AAO:0011110 ! venous endothelium
synonym: "veinous endothelium" RELATED [VHOG:0001216]
property_value: homology_notes "Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001216", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1179027

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001921
name: reuniens nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "medioventral nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus reuniens" EXACT []
synonym: "reuniens thalamic nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62153 ! Reuniens nucleus
xref: MA:0000865 ! nucleus reuniens
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_770 ! Reuniens nucleus
xref: BTO:0002459 ! nucleus reuniens
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
xref: SCTID:369164006 ! Entire reuniens nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001922
name: parafascicular nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "parafascicular nucleus of thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "parafascicular thalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nuclei parafasciculares thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952]
synonym: "nucleus parafascicularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952]
synonym: "nucleus parafascicularis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952]
synonym: "nucleus parafascicularis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952]
synonym: "parafascicular nucleus (vogt)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952]
synonym: "parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952]
xref: FMA:62166 ! Parafascicular nucleus
xref: MA:0000874 ! parafascicular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_952 ! Parafascicular nucleus
xref: EV:0100202 ! parafascicular thalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:PF ! Parafascicular nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-Pf ! parafascicular nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002733 {source="FMA"} ! intralaminar nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003036 {source="ABA"} ! central lateral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001923 {source="ABA"} ! central medial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001924 {source="ABA"} ! paracentral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002955 {source="ABA"} ! rhomboidal nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Parafascicular_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus ! Parafascicular Nucleus of the Thalamus
xref: SCTID:279150008 ! Entire parafascicular nucleus of thalamus
xref: UMLS:C0228352

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001923
name: central medial nucleus
def: "a small cell group in the interthalamic adhesion of the thalamus that occupy the midline region of the internal medullary lamina, between the left and right paracentral nuclei." [MP:0008929]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "central medial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "central medial thalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "central medial nucleus thalamus (rioch 1928)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_971]
synonym: "nucleus centralis medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_971]
synonym: "nucleus centralis medialis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_971]
xref: FMA:62171 ! Central medial nucleus
xref: MA:0000872 ! central medial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_971 ! Central medial nucleus
xref: BTO:0003753 ! central medial thalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:CM ! Central medial nucleus of the thalamus
xref: BM:Die-CeM ! central medial nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003036 {source="ABA"} ! central lateral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001924 {source="ABA"} ! paracentral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001922 {source="ABA"} ! parafascicular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002955 {source="ABA"} ! rhomboidal nucleus
xref: SCTID:279161000 ! Entire central medial nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001924
name: paracentral nucleus
def: "one of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, located medial to the central lateral nucleus." [MP:0008928]
comment: todo - relationships
synonym: "paracentral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "paracentral thalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus centralis lateralis superior (kusama)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981]
synonym: "nucleus paracentral" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981]
synonym: "nucleus paracentral thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981]
synonym: "paracentral nucleus thalamus (gurdjian 1927)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981]
xref: FMA:62172 ! Paracentral nucleus
xref: MA:0000873 ! paracentral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_981 ! Paracentral nucleus
xref: EV:0100204 ! paracentral thalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:PCN ! Paracentral nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-Pc ! paracentral nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002733 {source="FMA"} ! intralaminar nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003036 {source="ABA"} ! central lateral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001923 {source="ABA"} ! central medial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001922 {source="ABA"} ! parafascicular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002955 {source="ABA"} ! rhomboidal nucleus
synonym: "nucleus paracentralis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62172]
xref: SCTID:279152000 ! Entire paracentral nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001925
name: ventral lateral nucleus
def: "The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_lateral_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral ventral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral lateral complex of thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral lateral thalamic nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "ventrolateral thalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus ventralis intermedius" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis thalami lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237]
synonym: "nucleus ventrolateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237]
synonym: "ventral lateral thalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237]
synonym: "nuclei ventrales laterales thalami" RELATED [BTO:0002463]
synonym: "ventral lateral nuclei of thalamus" RELATED [BTO:0002463]
xref: FMA:62186 ! Ventral lateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1237 ! Ventral lateral nucleus
xref: TAO:0000306 ! ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000306 ! ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
xref: BTO:0002463 ! ventral lateral complex of thalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: BM:Die-Th-VL ! ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001900 ! subthalamus
xref: SCTID:279146001 ! Nucleus ventralis intermedius
xref: ncithesaurus:Ventrolateral_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus ! Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: UMLS:C0228339

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012174
name: obsolete geniculate nucleus
comment: inappropriate grouping
synonym: "geniculate body" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:362376002 ! Entire geniculate body
xref: EFO:0002463 ! geniculate nucleus
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0001926 ! lateral geniculate body
consider: UBERON:0001927 ! medial geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001926
name: lateral geniculate body
def: "The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina[GO]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_geniculate_body]
comment: Note that BTO has distinct classes for body and nucleus, but other sources treat as identical
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external geniculate body" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_geniculate_nucleus]
synonym: "lateral geniculate complex" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral geniculate nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "corpus geniculatum externum" RELATED  [BTO:0004367]
synonym: "corpus geniculatum laterales" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1662]
synonym: "nucleus geniculatus lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1662]
xref: FMA:62209 ! Lateral geniculate body
xref: MA:0000869 ! lateral geniculate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1662 ! Lateral geniculate body
xref: EFO:0001988 ! lateral geniculate nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray719.png/200px-Gray719.png
xref: BTO:0004366 ! lateral geniculate nucleus
xref: BTO:0004367 ! lateral geniculate body
xref: EV:0100219 ! lateral geniculate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007692 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of thalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002704 {source="FMA"} ! metathalamus
xref: SCTID:362377006 ! Entire lateral geniculate body
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Geniculate_Body ! External Geniculate Body
xref: UMLS:C0086526

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001927
name: medial geniculate body
def: "The Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN) or Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC). It is made up of a number of sub-nuclei that are distinguished by their neuronal morphology and density, by their afferent and efferent connections, and by the coding properties of their neurons. It is thought that the MGB influences the direction and maintenance of attention. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_geniculate_body]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medial geniculate complex" EXACT []
synonym: "medial geniculate nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "medial geniculate nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "corpus geniculatum mediale" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1670]
synonym: "internal geniculate body" RELATED [ncithesaurus:Internal_Geniculate_Body]
synonym: "MGB" RELATED [BTO:0002674]
xref: FMA:62211 ! Medial geniculate body
xref: MA:0000870 ! medial geniculate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1670 ! Medial geniculate body
xref: BTO:0002674 ! medial geniculate body
xref: EFO:0001968 ! medial geniculate nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: EV:0100218 ! medial geniculate nucleus
xref: ABA:MG ! Medial geniculate complex
xref: BM:Die-Th-MG ! medial geniculate complex
is_a: UBERON:0007692 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of thalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002704 {source="FMA"} ! metathalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002479 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
synonym: "nuclei corporis geniculati medialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62211]
xref: SCTID:362378001 ! Entire medial geniculate body
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Geniculate_Body ! Internal Geniculate Body
xref: UMLS:C0086596

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001928
name: preoptic area
def: "Area of the forebrain anterior to the posterior tuberculum and the hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral thalamus[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Preoptic_area, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "area praeoptica" RELATED []
synonym: "area preoptica" RELATED []
synonym: "preoptic nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "preoptic region" RELATED []
synonym: "preoptic region of hypothalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "area hypothalamica rostralis" RELATED [BTO:0001796]
synonym: "preoptic hypothalamic area" RELATED [BTO:0001796]
synonym: "preoptic hypothalamic region" RELATED [BTO:0001796]
synonym: "regio hypothalamica anterior" RELATED [BTO:0001796]
xref: FMA:62313 ! Preoptic area
xref: GAID:644 ! preoptic area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1706 ! Preoptic area
xref: TAO:0000470 ! preoptic area
xref: ZFA:0000470 ! preoptic area
xref: BTO:0001796 ! preoptic area
xref: EFO:0002523 ! preoptic area
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.342.450 ! preoptic area
xref: BM:Die-Hy-POA ! preoptic area
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: SCTID:362382004 ! Entire preoptic area
synonym: "area preoptica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Preoptic_area]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Area of the forebrain anterior to the posterior tuberculum and the hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral thalamus. See Figure 7, Atlas of Early Zebrafish Brain Development.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000470", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007251
name: preoptic nucleus
xref: EV:0100226 ! preoptic nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001928 ! preoptic area
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a preoptic area." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007769
name: medial preoptic region
synonym: "medial preoptic area" EXACT [ABA:MPO]
xref: MA:0000839 ! medial preoptic region
xref: ABA:MPO ! Medial preoptic area
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002272 {source="MA"} ! medial zone of hypothalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001928 ! preoptic area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002035
name: medial preoptic nucleus
def: "The medial preoptic nucleus is bounded laterally by the lateral preoptic nucleus, and medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus. It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone, controls copulation in males, and is larger in males than in females.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_preoptic_nucleus#Medial_preoptic_nucleus, Wikipedia:Sexually_dimorphic_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medial preoptic hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:67890 ! Medial preoptic nucleus
xref: MA:0000840 ! medial preoptic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_706 ! Medial preoptic nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: ABA:MPN ! Medial preoptic nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007769 {source="MA"} ! medial preoptic region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002634 {source="ABA"} ! anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002206 {source="ABA"} ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002706 {source="ABA"} ! posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001935 {source="ABA"} ! ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002625 {source="ABA"} ! median preoptic nucleus
xref: SCTID:369128005 ! Entire medial preoptic nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002625
name: median preoptic nucleus
def: "The median preoptic nucleus is located along the midline in a position significantly dorsal to the other 3 preoptic nuclei, at least in the macaca fascicularis brain. It wraps around the top (dorsal), front, and bottom (ventral) surfaces of the anterior commissure. The median preoptic nucleus generates thirst. Drinking decreases noradrenaline release in the median preoptic nucleus." [Wikipedia:Preoptic_area#Median_preoptic_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:62323 ! Median preoptic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1208 ! Median preoptic nucleus
xref: ABA:MEPO ! Median preoptic nucleus
xref: BM:MPO ! median preoptic nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001928 ! preoptic area
relationship: capable_of GO:0048243 {source="Wikipedia"} ! norepinephrine secretion
relationship: capable_of GO:2000070 {source="Wikipedia"} ! regulation of response to water deprivation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002690 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral periventricular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001934 {source="ABA"} ! dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002689 {source="ABA"} ! supraoptic crest
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007626 {source="ABA"} ! subparaventricular zone
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002034 {source="ABA"} ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002219 {source="ABA"} ! subfornical organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001931
name: lateral preoptic nucleus
def: "The lateral preoptic nucleus is lateral to the medial preoptic nucleus. It also mediates non-REM sleep onset.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Preoptic_area#Lateral_preoptic_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral preoptic area" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral preoptic hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62326 ! Lateral preoptic nucleus
xref: MA:0000835 ! lateral preoptic area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1722 ! Lateral preoptic nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: ABA:LPO ! Lateral preoptic area
xref: BM:Die-Hy-LPO ! lateral preoptic area
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002273 ! lateral zone of hypothalamus
relationship: capable_of GO:0045188 {source="GO"} ! regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002430 {source="ABA"} ! lateral hypothalamic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001933 {source="ABA"} ! retrochiasmatic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001906 {source="ABA"} ! subthalamic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001907 {source="ABA"} ! zona incerta
xref: SCTID:369129002 ! Entire lateral preoptic nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002622
name: preoptic periventricular nucleus
def: "The preoptic periventricular nucleus is located along the midline and is medial to the medial preoptic nucleus.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Preoptic_area#Preoptic_periventricular_nucleus]
synonym: "periventricular preoptic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62324]
synonym: "preoptic periventricular hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62324]
xref: FMA:62324 ! Preoptic periventricular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1201 ! Preoptic periventricular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001928 ! preoptic area
synonym: "nucleus preopticus periventricularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62324]
xref: SCTID:369127000 ! Entire preoptic periventricular nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007692
name: nucleus of thalamus
comment: todo - consider splitting nucleus and complex
synonym: "nuclear complex of thalamus" EXACT  [FMA:256693]
xref: FMA:256693 ! nucleus of thalamus
xref: MA:0002992 ! thalamic nucleus
xref: BTO:0002452 ! thalamic nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001897 {source="FMA"} ! thalamus
xref: SCTID:279115000 ! Entire nucleus of thalamus
synonym: "thalamic nucleus" EXACT [MA:0002992]
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a thalamus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002705
name: midline nuclear group
def: "The midline nuclear group (or midline thalamic nuclei) a region of the thalamus consisting of the following nuclei: paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (nucleus paraventricularis thalami) - not to be confused with paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus paratenial nucleus (nucleus parataenialis) reuniens nucleus (nucleus reuniens) rhomboidal nucleus (nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis) subfascicular nucleus (nucleus subfascicularis) [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Midline_nuclear_group]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "median nuclei of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62020]
synonym: "midline nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62020]
synonym: "midline nuclei of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62020]
synonym: "periventricular nuclei of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62020]
synonym: "midline nuclear group of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62020]
synonym: "nuclei mediani (thalami)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1462]
synonym: "midline thalamic group" EXACT [MA:0000864]
xref: FMA:62020 ! Midline nuclear group of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1462 ! Midline nuclear group
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: BTO:0002454 ! median nucleus of thalamus
xref: MA:0000864 ! midline thalamic group
xref: ABA:MTN ! Midline group of the dorsal thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001897 {source="FMA"} ! thalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004703 {source="MA"} ! dorsal thalamus
synonym: "nuclei mediani thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62020]
xref: SCTID:279163002 ! Entire nucleus of midline nuclear group of thalamus
synonym: "nuclei mediani thalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Midline_nuclear_group]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001920
name: paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
def: "The nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami and nuclues paraventricularis posterior thalami, two of the nuclei mediani thalami; they are situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus, juxtaposed to the third ventricle." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "paraventricular gray" EXACT []
synonym: "paraventricular nuclei" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "paraventricular nuclei of thalamus" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "paraventricular thalamic nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62152 ! Paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
xref: MA:0000866 ! paraventricular thalamic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_764 ! Paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/PVNss.jpg/200px-PVNss.jpg
xref: BTO:0002460 ! paraventricular nucleus
xref: ABA:PVT ! Paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus
xref: BM:Die-Th-Pa ! paraventricular nuclei of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002705 {source="FMA"} ! midline nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002992 {source="ABA"} ! paratenial nucleus
synonym: "nuclei paraventriculares thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62152]
xref: SCTID:369163000 ! Entire paraventricular nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001930
name: paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
def: "The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a neuronal nucleus in the hypothalamus. It contains multiple subpopulations of neurons that are activated by a variety of stressful and/or physiological changes. Many PVH neurons project directly to the posterior pituitary where they release oxytocin or vasopressin into the general circulation. Other PVN neurons control various anterior pituitary functions, while still others directly regulate appetite and autonomic functions in the brainstem and spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "filiform nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "paraventricular nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami" RELATED [BTO:0002476]
xref: FMA:62320 ! Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: GAID:643 ! paraventricular hypothalamic nucleu
xref: MA:0000848 ! paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1407 ! Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: BTO:0002476 ! paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: EFO:0002469 ! paraventricular nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/PVNss.jpg/200px-PVNss.jpg
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.342.400 ! paraventricular hypothalamic nucleu
xref: EV:0100229 ! paraventricular nucleus
xref: ABA:PVH ! Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Hy-PAH ! paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002271 ! periventricular zone of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001932 {source="ABA"} ! arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001929 {source="ABA"} ! supraoptic nucleus
xref: SCTID:369131006 ! Entire paraventricular nucleus
synonym: "nuclei paraventricularis hypothalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/PVNss.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001932
name: arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
def: "The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: Neuroendocrine neurons, Centrally-projecting neurons and Others. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Arcuate_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arcuate hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "arcuate nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "arcuate nucleus-2" EXACT []
synonym: "arcuate periventricular nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "infundibular hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "infundibular nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "infundibular periventricular nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus arcuatus hypothalami" RELATED [BTO:0002473]
synonym: "nucleus infundibularis" RELATED [BTO:0002473]
synonym: "nucleus semilunaris" RELATED [BTO:0002473]
xref: FMA:62329 ! Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: GAID:647 ! arcuate nucleus
xref: MA:0000847 ! arcuate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1638 ! Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: ncithesaurus:Arcuate_Nucleus ! Arcuate Nucleus
xref: BTO:0002473 ! infundibular nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.352.081 ! arcuate nucleu
xref: EV:0100230 ! infundibular nucleus
xref: ABA:ARH ! Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus
xref: BM:HAr ! arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002271 ! periventricular zone of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001930 {source="ABA"} ! paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001929 {source="ABA"} ! supraoptic nucleus
synonym: "nucleus arcuatus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62329]
synonym: "nucleus arcuatus hypothalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Arcuate_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0003741

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001933
name: retrochiasmatic area
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "retrochiasmatic region" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62330 ! Retrochiasmatic area
xref: MA:0000841 ! retrochiasmatic area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1569 ! Retrochiasmatic area
xref: ABA:RCH ! Retrochiasmatic area
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002272 ! medial zone of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002430 {source="ABA"} ! lateral hypothalamic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001931 {source="ABA"} ! lateral preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001906 {source="ABA"} ! subthalamic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001907 {source="ABA"} ! zona incerta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001934
name: dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
def: "The Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, and body weight regulation. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsomedial_hypothalamic_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsomedial nucleus of dorsal hypothalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsomedial nucleus of intermediate hypothalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalamicae intermediae" RELATED [BTO:0002474]
xref: FMA:62331 ! Dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: GAID:648 ! dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleu
xref: MA:0000838 ! dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1558 ! Dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: BTO:0002474 ! dorsomedial nucleus of intermediate hypothalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.352.270 ! dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleu
xref: EV:0100232 ! dorsomedial nucleus
xref: ABA:DMH ! Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
xref: BM:Die-Hy-DMH ! dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0006568 {source="FMA"} ! hypothalamic nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002555 {source="FMA"} ! intermediate hypothalamic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002272 {source="MA"} ! medial zone of hypothalamus
relationship: capable_of GO:0060259 {source="Wikipedia"} ! regulation of feeding behavior
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002690 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral periventricular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002625 {source="ABA"} ! median preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002689 {source="ABA"} ! supraoptic crest
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007626 {source="ABA"} ! subparaventricular zone
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002034 {source="ABA"} ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002219 {source="ABA"} ! subfornical organ
xref: SCTID:369134003 ! Entire dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
synonym: "nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalamicae intermediae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsomedial_hypothalamic_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001935
name: ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
def: "The ventromedial nucleus (sometimes referred to as the ventromedial hypothalamus) is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventromedial_hypothalamic_nucleus]
comment: part of tuberal area in MA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami" RELATED [BTO:0002472]
synonym: "ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus" RELATED [BTO:0002472]
synonym: "ventrolateral nucleus of hypothalamus" RELATED [BTO:0002472]
synonym: "ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus." RELATED [BTO:0002472]
xref: FMA:62332 ! Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: GAID:650 ! ventromedial hypothalamic nucleu
xref: MA:0000845 ! ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1572 ! Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: BTO:0002472 ! ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.352.953 ! ventromedial hypothalamic nucleu
xref: EV:0100233 ! ventromedial nucleus
xref: ABA:VMH ! Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
xref: BM:VMH ! ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0006568 {source="FMA"} ! hypothalamic nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002555 {source="FMA"} ! intermediate hypothalamic region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002634 {source="ABA"} ! anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002206 {source="ABA"} ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002035 {source="ABA"} ! medial preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002706 {source="ABA"} ! posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: SCTID:369124007 ! Entire ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001936
name: tuberomammillary nucleus
def: "The tuberomammillary nucleus is a subnucleus of the posterior third of the hypothalamus. It consists of, largely, histaminergic and is involved with the control of arousal, sleep and circadian rhythm. Axons of the tuberomammillary nucleus project primarily to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus. The projections to the cerebral cortex directly increase cortical activation and arousal, and projections to acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and dorsal pons do so indirectly, by increasing the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tuberomammillary_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "TM" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1271]
synonym: "caudal magnocellular nucleus" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1271]
synonym: "mammiloinfundibular nucleus" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1271]
synonym: "tuberomammillary hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1271]
synonym: "tuberomammillary nucleus" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1271]
synonym: "tuberomamillary nucleus" RELATED DUBIOUS [EV:0100237]
xref: FMA:62335 ! Tuberomammillary nucleus
xref: MA:0000853 ! tuberomammillary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1271 ! Tuberomammillary nucleus
xref: EV:0100237 ! tuberomamillary nucleus
xref: ABA:TM ! Tuberomammillary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002206 {source="MA"} ! mammillary body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002430 {source="FMA"} ! lateral hypothalamic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001938 {source="ABA"} ! lateral mammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001939 {source="ABA"} ! medial mammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001940 {source="ABA"} ! supramammillary nucleus
xref: SCTID:369122006 ! Entire tuberomammillary nucleus
synonym: "mammilloinfundibular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62335]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001937
name: lateral hypothalamic nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:62337 ! Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1199 ! Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
xref: TAO:0000227 ! lateral hypothalamic nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000227 ! lateral hypothalamic nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: EV:0100234 ! lateral nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002430 ! lateral hypothalamic area
xref: SCTID:360452004 ! Entire lateral hypothalamic nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001938
name: lateral mammillary nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lateral mammillary hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral nucleus of mammillary body" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62341 ! Lateral mammillary nucleus
xref: MA:0000850 ! lateral mammillary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1460 ! Lateral mammillary nucleus
xref: EV:0100239 ! lateral mamillary nucleus
xref: ABA:LM ! Lateral mammillary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002206 ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001939 {source="ABA"} ! medial mammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001940 {source="ABA"} ! supramammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001936 {source="ABA"} ! tuberomammillary nucleus
synonym: "nucleus mammillaris lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62341]
xref: SCTID:369143007 ! Entire lateral mammillary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001939
name: medial mammillary nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "internal mammillary nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "medial nucleus of mammillary body" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62342 ! Medial mammillary nucleus
xref: MA:0000851 ! medial mammillary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1299 ! Medial mammillary nucleus
xref: EV:0100238 ! medial mamillary nucleus
xref: ABA:MM ! Medial mammillary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002206 ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001938 {source="ABA"} ! lateral mammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001940 {source="ABA"} ! supramammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001936 {source="ABA"} ! tuberomammillary nucleus
synonym: "nucleus mammillaris medialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62342]
xref: SCTID:369141009 ! Entire medial mammillary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001940
name: supramammillary nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:62347 ! Supramammillary nucleus
xref: MA:0000852 ! supramammillary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1479 ! Supramammillary nucleus
xref: ABA:SUM ! Supramammillary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002206 ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001938 {source="ABA"} ! lateral mammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001939 {source="ABA"} ! medial mammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001936 {source="ABA"} ! tuberomammillary nucleus
xref: SCTID:369144001 ! Entire supramammillary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001941
name: lateral habenular nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lateral habenula" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus habenulae lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1438]
synonym: "nucleus habenularis lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1438]
synonym: "nucleus habenularis lateralis epithalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1438]
xref: FMA:62372 ! Lateral habenular nucleus
xref: MA:0000831 ! lateral habenular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1438 ! Lateral habenular nucleus
xref: BTO:0002699 ! lateral habenular nucleus
xref: ABA:LH ! Lateral habenula
xref: BM:Die-Epi-Hl ! lateral habenular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001904 ! habenula
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001942 {source="ABA"} ! medial habenular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001905 {source="ABA"} ! pineal body
xref: SCTID:361538005 ! Lateral habenular nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001942
name: medial habenular nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "medial habenula" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus habenulae medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431]
synonym: "nucleus habenularis medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431]
synonym: "nucleus habenularis medialis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431]
synonym: "nucleus habenularis medialis epithalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431]
xref: FMA:62373 ! Medial habenular nucleus
xref: MA:0000832 ! medial habenular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1431 ! Medial habenular nucleus
xref: BTO:0003686 ! medial habenular nucleus
xref: ABA:MH ! Medial habenula
xref: BM:Die-Epi-HM ! medial habenular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001904 ! habenula
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001941 {source="ABA"} ! lateral habenular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001905 {source="ABA"} ! pineal body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006794 ! visual processing part of nervous system
name: visual processing part of nervous system
comment: This grouping class is primarily to accommodate GO
synonym: "optic lobe" RELATED [GAID:1233]
subset: grouping_class
xref: GAID:1233 ! optic lobe
is_a: UBERON:0011216 {source="cjm"} ! organ system subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
relationship: capable_of GO:0007601 ! visual perception

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002635
name: regional part of midbrain tegmentum
subset: non_informative
synonym: "midbrain tegmentum segment" EXACT [FMA:62399]
synonym: "segment of midbrain tegmentum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1227]
xref: FMA:62399 ! Segment of midbrain tegmentum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1227 ! Regional part of midbrain tegmentum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
def: "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a midbrain tegmentum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001943
name: midbrain tegmentum
def: "Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN10:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]." [Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum, FMA:FMA, ISBN10:0471888893]
comment: 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN10:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mesencephalic tegmentum" RELATED  [VHOG:0001367]
synonym: "tegmentum" BROAD [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "tegmentum of midbrain" EXACT []
synonym: "tegmentum mesencephali" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum]
xref: EFO:0000921 ! tegmentum
xref: FMA:62393 ! Midbrain tegmentum
xref: VHOG:0001367 ! tegmentum
xref: MA:0000212 ! tegmentum
xref: MAT:0000452 ! tegmentum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1200 ! Midbrain tegmentum
xref: TAO:0000160 ! tegmentum
xref: ZFA:0000160 ! tegmentum
xref: BTO:0003388 ! tegmentum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gray712.png/200px-Gray712.png
xref: EMAPA:18215 ! tegmentum
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002298 ! brainstem
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010285 {source="ZFA"} ! midbrain basal plate
xref: SCTID:362392007 ! Entire tegmentum of midbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0004475 ! tegmentum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gray712.png
property_value: homology_notes "Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001367", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.001 Villar-Cheda B\, Abalo XM\, Anadon R\, Rodicio MC\, The tegmental proliferation region in the sea lamprey. Brain Research Bulletin (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001944
name: pretectal region
def: "Region between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum[pub]. It receives binocular sensory input from retinal ganglion cells of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pretectum, ISBN10:0471888893 "Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy\: Evolution and Adaptation"]
comment: part of diencephalon in ZFA - modify to adjacent here, supported by pub
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pretectal area" EXACT []
synonym: "pretectal nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "pretectum" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62402 ! Pretectal region
xref: MA:0001062 ! pretectal region
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_703 ! Pretectal region
xref: TAO:0000418 ! pretectum
xref: ZFA:0000418 ! pretectum
xref: ABA:PRT ! Pretectal region
xref: BM:MB-Tec-PT ! pretectum
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004703 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! dorsal thalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002314 {source="FMA"} ! midbrain tectum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus
synonym: "area pretectalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62402]
synonym: "nuclei pretectales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62402]
xref: SCTID:416333003 ! Pretectal area


[Term]
id: UBERON:0002259
name: corpora quadrigemina
def: "In the brain, the corpora quadrigemina (Latin for 'quadruplet bodies') are the four colliculi—two inferior, two superior—located on the tectum the dorsal aspect of the midbrain. The corpora quadrigemina are reflex centers involving vision and hearing. [WP,unvetted]. Two pairs of colliculi on the dorsal surface of the midbrain composed of white matter externally and gray matter within, the superior pair containing correlation centers for optic reflexes and the inferior pair containing correlation centers for auditory reflexes[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Corpora_quadrigemina, BTO:0001710]
comment: editor note: this section needs worked on for pan-vertebrate consistency. for now we include a mammal specific definition, even though the child terms are applicable across vertebrates
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "corpora quadrigemina" EXACT []
synonym: "colliculi" EXACT [MP:0000899]
xref: FMA:242157 ! set of colliculi
xref: GAID:574 ! corpora quadrigemina
xref: MA:0002567 ! corpora quadrigemina
xref: ncithesaurus:Corpora_Quadrigemina ! Corpora Quadrigemina
xref: BTO:0001710 ! corpora quadrigemina
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray709.png/200px-Gray709.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.237 ! corpora quadrigemina
xref: EV:0100244 ! colliculi
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002314 ! midbrain tectum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006777 ! tectal plate
xref: SCTID:361579006 ! Entire corpora quadrigemina
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray709.png
synonym: "set of colliculi" RELATED [FMA:242157]
xref: UMLS:C0010087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006777 ! tectal plate
name: tectal plate
def: "embryologic structure that is formed by two longitudinal eminences, one on each alar plate of the midbrain. These eminences become the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 )]" [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?type=a&ID=453]
comment: The term "tectal plate" (or "quadrigeminal plate") is used to describe the junction of the gray and white matter in the embryo. (NeuroNames ancil-453)
synonym: "quadrigeminal plate" EXACT [FMA:77488]
xref: FMA:77488 ! tectal plate
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
synonym: "lamina quadrigemina" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77488]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002140
name: parabigeminal nucleus
def: "." [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Nucleus_Isthmii.2FParabigeminalis]
synonym: "nucleus parabigeminalis" EXACT [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=482]
comment: AO notes: in MA this is part of the tegmentum/brainstem
xref: FMA:72415 ! Parabigeminal nucleus
xref: MA:0001074 ! parabigeminal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1007 ! Parabigeminal nucleus
xref: ABA:PBG ! Parabigeminal nucleus
xref: BM:PBG ! parabigeminal nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001701 ! nucleus isthmi
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA", source="NIF"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: homologous_to ZFA:0000398 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! nucleus isthmi
xref: VHOG:0001701 ! nucleus isthmi
synonym: "nucleus isthmi" RELATED [VHOG:0001701]
property_value: homology_notes "Nucleus isthmi is present in the isthmus in most vertebrates. It is called the parabigeminal nucleus in mammals (reference 1); In sum, our results show that the origin of neurons of some tegmental hindbrain nuclei, namely, nucleus isthmi/superior reticular nucleus and secondary gustatory/viscerosensory nucleus is in the URL (upper rhombic lip), and that the temporal order of cell types produced by the URL and their developmental program are conserved among vertebrate species (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001701", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB\, Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.272\, DOI:10.1002/cne.22364 Volkmann K\, Chen YY\, Harris MP\, Wullimann MF\, Köster RW\, The zebrafish cerebellar upper rhombic lip generates tegmental hindbrain nuclei by long-distance migration in an evolutionary conserved manner. The Journal of Comparative Neurology (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002314 ! midbrain tectum
name: midbrain tectum
def: "Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei [MM, NIF]. The tectum is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal part of the mesencephalon (midbrain). This is contrasted with the tegmentum, which refers to the region ventral to the ventricular system. It is derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. [WP,unvetted]." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1032, Wikipedia:Midbrain_tectum]
comment: In adult humans it is present only in the mesencephalon as the inferior and the superior colliculi[WP].
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "neuraxis tectum" EXACT []
synonym: "tectum" EXACT []
synonym: "mesencephalic tectum" EXACT [ZFA:0000445]
synonym: "tectum mesencephali" EXACT [BTO:0001793]
xref: EFO:0000920 ! tectum
xref: FMA:83902 ! Midbrain tectum
xref: MA:0000211 ! tectum
xref: MAT:0000451 ! tectum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1032 ! Midbrain tectum
xref: VHOG:0001388 ! tectum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gray685.png/200px-Gray685.png
xref: BTO:0001793 ! tectum mesencephali
xref: EMAPA:19051 ! tectum
xref: BM:MB-Tec ! tectum
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005882 ! alar plate
xref: ncithesaurus:Tectum_Mesencephali ! Tectum Mesencephali
xref: SCTID:362394008 ! Entire tectum
xref: EHDAA2:0004474 ! tectum
synonym: "t. mesencephali" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Midbrain_tectum]
xref: TAO:0001353 ! mesencephalic tectum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray685.png
property_value: homology_notes "The tectum - a multisensory, topologically mapped structure in the roof of the midbrain presents a remarkable degree of conservation in all vertebrate radiations; although it varies in the extent of its development in different vertebrate classes, there is considerable evidence now to deem its layered structure, its cell types, and its hodological pattern as homologous in all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001388", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0003582 Maximino C\, Evolutionary Changes in the Complexity of the Tectum of Nontetrapods: A Cladistic Approach. PLoS ONE (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0039433

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001945
name: superior colliculus
def: "Part of the midbrain tectum consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of superior colliculus [Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM)]." [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1040]
comment: The term SC is used when discussing mammals, and OT for other vertebrates[WP]. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that vary by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems.[1] The optic tectum is one of the fundamental components of the vertebrate brain, existing across the full range of species from hagfish to human.[4] (See the brain article for background.) Some aspects of the structure are very consistent, including a structure composed of a number of layers, with a dense input from the optic nerve to the superficial layers and another strong input conveying somatosensory input to deeper layers. Other aspects are highly variable, such as the total number of layers (from 3 in the African lungfish to 15 in the goldfish[5]), and the number of different types of cells (from 2 in the lungfish to 27 in the house sparrow[5]). In hagfish, lamprey, and shark it is a relatively small structure, but in teleost fish it is greatly expanded, in some cases becoming the largest structure in the brain. (See the adjoining drawing of a codfish brain.) In amphibians, reptiles, and especially birds it is also a very significant component, but in mammals it is dwarfed by the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior colliculus" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior corpus quadrigeminum" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial colliculus" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal midbrain" RELATED []
synonym: "optic tectum" RELATED []
synonym: "tectal lobe" RELATED []
synonym: "optic lobe" RELATED []
synonym: "tectum" RELATED []
synonym: "tectum opticum" RELATED []
synonym: "optic tectum" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0000445, Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus]
synonym: "corpora bigemina" RELATED []
xref: ZFA:0000445 ! optic tectum
xref: XAO:0003226 ! optic tectum
xref: FMA:62403 ! Superior colliculus
xref: GAID:576 ! superior colliculus
xref: MA:0001068 ! superior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1040 ! Superior colliculus
xref: EFO:0002474 ! superior colliculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png
xref: BTO:0000965 ! optic lobe
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.237.816 ! superior colliculus
xref: EV:0100245 ! superior colliculi
xref: BM:MB-Tec-SC ! superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006794 ! visual processing part of nervous system
is_a: UBERON:0002966 ! regional part of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002259 ! corpora quadrigemina
xref: AAO:0010609 ! optic tectum
xref: TAO:0000445 ! optic tectum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png
property_value: external_definition "The brain structure where the two separate inputs from the two eyes are combined into a single, integrated map.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010609", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="PMID:17952453"}
property_value: external_definition "The roof of the midbrain, morphologically visible by the end of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000445", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002314 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! midbrain tectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001946
name: inferior colliculus
def: "The inferior colliculi together with the superior colliculi form the eminences of the corpora quadrigemina, and also part of the tectal region of the midbrain. The inferior colliculus lies caudal to its counterpart - the superior colliculus - above the trochlear nerve, and at the base of the projection of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subnuclei. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_colliculus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "caudal colliculus" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior colliculus" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior corpus quadrigeminum" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior colliculi" EXACT PLURAL [EV:0100246]
xref: FMA:62404 ! Inferior colliculus
xref: GAID:575 ! inferior colliculus
xref: MA:0001067 ! inferior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_806 ! Inferior colliculus
xref: EFO:0002465 ! inferior colliculus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.237.364 ! inferior colliculus
xref: EV:0100246 ! inferior colliculi
xref: ABA:IC ! Inferior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0002966 ! regional part of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002259 ! corpora quadrigemina
synonym: "colliculus inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_colliculus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray711.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002314 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! midbrain tectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002580
name: brachium of superior colliculus
def: "The brachium of superior colliculus (or superior brachium) extends lateralward from the superior colliculus, and, passing between the pulvinar and medial geniculate body, is partly continued into an eminence called the lateral geniculate body, and partly into the optic tract. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brachium_of_superior_colliculus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior brachium" EXACT [FMA:72417]
synonym: "superior collicular brachium" EXACT [FMA:72417]
synonym: "superior colliculus brachium" EXACT [FMA:72417]
synonym: "superior quadrigeminal brachium" EXACT [FMA:72417]
xref: FMA:72417 ! Brachium of superior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1065 ! Brachium of superior colliculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG
xref: BM:MB-BSC ! brachium of inferior colliculus (also: UBERON:0003025 'brachium of inferior colliculus')
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001945 ! superior colliculus
synonym: "brachium colliculi superioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachium_of_superior_colliculus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003025
name: brachium of inferior colliculus
def: "The Brachium of inferior colliculus (or inferior brachium) carries auditory afferent fibers from the inferior colliculus of the mesencephalon to the medial geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brachium_of_inferior_colliculus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "brachium of medial geniculate" EXACT [FMA:71114]
synonym: "inferior brachium" EXACT [FMA:71114]
synonym: "inferior collicular brachium" EXACT [FMA:71114]
synonym: "inferior colliculus brachium" EXACT [FMA:71114]
synonym: "inferior quadrigeminal brachium" EXACT [FMA:71114]
synonym: "peduncle of inferior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:71114]
xref: FMA:71114 ! Brachium of inferior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_929 ! Brachium of inferior colliculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG
xref: BM:MB-BSC ! brachium of inferior colliculus (also: UBERON:0002580 'brachium of superior colliculus')
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001946 ! inferior colliculus
synonym: "brachium colliculi inferioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachium_of_inferior_colliculus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Human_brainstem-thalamus_posterior_view_description.JPG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002583
name: commissure of superior colliculus
def: "A commissure that is part of a superior colliculus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "commissure of superior colliculi" EXACT [FMA:72418]
synonym: "superior colliculus commissure" EXACT [FMA:72418]
synonym: "anterior colliculus commissure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior corpus quadrigeminum commissure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "commissure of anterior colliculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "commissure of anterior corpus quadrigeminum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "commissure of cranial colliculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "commissure of optic tectum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial colliculus commissure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "optic tectum commissure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intertectal commissure" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0000684]
xref: FMA:72418 ! Commissure of superior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1073 ! Commissure of superior colliculus
xref: ZFA:0000684 ! intertectal commissure
xref: BM:MB-Tec-SC-SCX ! commissure of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
intersection_of: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001945 ! superior colliculus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001945 ! superior colliculus
xref: SCTID:369258008 ! Entire commissure of superior colliculus
xref: TAO:0000684 ! intertectal commissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006783 ! layer of superior colliculus
name: layer of superior colliculus
def: "The microstructure of the optic tectum / superior colliculus varies across species. As a general rule, there is always a clear distinction between superficial layers, which receive input primarily from the visual system and show primarily visual responses, and deeper layers, which receive many types of input and project to numerous motor-related brain areas. The distinction between these two zones is so clear and consistent that some anatomists have suggested that they should be considered separate brain structures. In mammals, neuroanatomists conventionally identify seven layers[WP]." [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005033 ! Cytoarchitectural part of superior colliculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001945 ! superior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006786
name: white matter of superior colliculus
synonym: "white matter layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:83899]
xref: FMA:83899 ! white matter layer of superior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1023 ! Predominantly white regional part of superior colliculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001945 ! superior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006785
name: gray matter of superior colliculus
xref: FMA:77870 ! gray matter layer of superior colliculus
synonym: "gray matter layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:77870]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001945 ! superior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006791 ! superficial layer of superior colliculus
name: superficial layer of superior colliculus
xref: ZFA:0000686 ! superficial grey and white zone
xref: BM:MB-Tec-SCS ! superficial layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006783 ! layer of superior colliculus
xref: TAO:0000686 ! superficial grey and white zone
synonym: "superficial grey and white zone" RELATED [TAO:0000686]
synonym: "superficial grey and white zones" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000686]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006792 ! intermediate layer of superior colliculus
name: intermediate layer of superior colliculus
xref: ZFA:0000327 ! central zone
xref: BM:MB-Tec-SCI ! intermediate layer of superior colliculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0006783 ! layer of superior colliculus
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006791 ! superficial layer of superior colliculus
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006793 ! deep layer of superior colliculus
xref: TAO:0000327 ! central zone
synonym: "central zone" RELATED [TAO:0000327]
def: "A layer of superior colliculus that adjacent_to a superficial layer of superior colliculus and adjacent_to a deep layer of superior colliculus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006793 ! deep layer of superior colliculus
name: deep layer of superior colliculus
xref: BM:MB-Tec-SCD ! deep layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006783 ! layer of superior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006780
name: zonal layer of superior colliculus
def: "a thin layer consisting of small myelinated axons together with marginal and horizontal cells." [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "lamina I of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "layer I of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72406]
synonym: "stratum zonale of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72406]
xref: FMA:72406 ! zonal layer of superior colliculus
xref: ABA:SCzo ! Superior colliculus, zonal layer
is_a: UBERON:0006785 ! gray matter layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006791 ! superficial layer of superior colliculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006779 {source="ABA"} ! superficial white layer of superior colliculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006120 {source="ABA"} ! superior colliculus superficial gray layer
synonym: "lamina colliculi superioris i" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72406]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006120
name: superior colliculus superficial gray layer
synonym: "superior colliculus superficial gray layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005034]
synonym: "layer II of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72407]
synonym: "lamina II of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "stratum griseum superficiale of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "outer gray layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72407]
synonym: "superficial grey layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72407]
synonym: "superficial gray layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72407]
xref: FMA:72407 ! superficial gray layer of superior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005034 ! Superior colliculus superficial gray layer
xref: ABA:SCsg ! Superior colliculus, superficial gray layer
is_a: UBERON:0006785 ! gray matter layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006791 ! superficial layer of superior colliculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006779 {source="ABA"} ! superficial white layer of superior colliculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006780 {source="ABA"} ! zonal layer of superior colliculus
synonym: "lamina colliculi superioris ii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72407]
synonym: "stratum griseum superficiale colliculi superioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72407]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006779
name: superficial white layer of superior colliculus
def: "superficial white matter layer of superior collilculus that consists mainly of axions from the optic nerve." [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "layer III of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:71112]
synonym: "lamina III of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "optic layer" EXACT [FMA:71112]
synonym: "optic layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:71112]
xref: FMA:71112 ! superficial white layer of superior colliculus
xref: ABA:SCop ! Superior colliculus, optic layer
is_a: UBERON:0006786 ! white matter layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006791 ! superficial layer of superior colliculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006120 {source="ABA"} ! superior colliculus superficial gray layer
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006780 {source="ABA"} ! zonal layer of superior colliculus
synonym: "stratum opticum colliculi superioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71112]
synonym: "lamina colliculi superioris iii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71112]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006782
name: stratum lemnisci of superior colliculus
xref: FMA:72408 ! stratum lemnisci of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006785 ! gray matter layer of superior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006788
name: middle gray layer of superior colliculus
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "intermediate gray layer" EXACT [FMA:72409]
synonym: "intermediate grey layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72409]
synonym: "layer IV of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72409]
synonym: "lamina IV of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "stratum griseum intermediale of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
xref: FMA:72409 ! middle gray layer of superior colliculus
xref: ZFA:0001350 ! stratum griseum centrale
is_a: UBERON:0006785 ! gray matter layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006792 ! intermediate layer of superior colliculus
synonym: "lamina colliculi superioris iv" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72409]
synonym: "stratum griseum intermedium colliculi superioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72409]
xref: TAO:0001350 ! stratum griseum centrale
synonym: "stratum griseum centrale" RELATED [TAO:0001350]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006787
name: middle white layer of superior colliculus
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "intermediate white layer" EXACT [FMA:71113]
synonym: "intermediate white layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:71113]
synonym: "layer V of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:71113]
synonym: "lamina V of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "stratum album intermediale of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
xref: FMA:71113 ! middle white layer of superior colliculus
xref: ZFA:0001351 ! stratum album centrale
is_a: UBERON:0006786 ! white matter layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006792 ! intermediate layer of superior colliculus
synonym: "stratum medullare intermedium colliculi superioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71113]
synonym: "lamina colliculi superioris v" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71113]
xref: TAO:0001351 ! stratum album centrale
synonym: "stratum album centrale" RELATED [TAO:0001351]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006789
name: deep gray layer of superior colliculus
synonym: "deep grey layer of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72410]
synonym: "layer VI of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72410]
synonym: "lamina VI of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "stratum griseum profundum of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
xref: FMA:72410 ! deep gray layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006785 ! gray matter layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006793 ! deep layer of superior colliculus
synonym: "stratum griseum profundum colliculi superioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72410]
synonym: "lamina colliculi superioris vi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72410]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006790
name: deep white layer of superior colliculus
def: "deep white matter layer of superior collilculus that consists entirely of fibers." [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "layer VII of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72416]
synonym: "lamina VII of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
synonym: "stratum album profundum of superior colliculus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus#Neural_circuit]
xref: FMA:72416 ! deep white layer of superior colliculus
xref: ZFA:0000494 ! deep white zone
is_a: UBERON:0006786 ! white matter layer of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0006793 ! deep layer of superior colliculus
synonym: "lamina colliculi superioris vii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72416]
xref: TAO:0000494 ! deep white zone
synonym: "deep white zone" RELATED [TAO:0000494]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006795
name: arthropod optic lobe
def: "A region of the adult brain that processes the visual information from the compound eyes." [FBC:gg, ISBN:978-3-11-014898-5]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
synonym: "optic lobe" RELATED SENSU [FBbt:00003701]
xref: FBbt:00003701 ! optic lobe
is_a: UBERON:0006794 ! visual processing part of nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006796
name: cephalopod optic lobe
def: "Large lobes of the brain associated with the eyes. In octopods and some squids the optic lobes may be separated from the rest of the brain by an optic stalk of varying length. In Octopus the optic lobes contain 92 million cells compared with only 42 million in the main central mass of the brain (J. Young, 1963) ." [http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587]
synonym: "optic lobe" RELATED SENSU []
is_a: UBERON:0006794 ! visual processing part of nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001947
name: red nucleus
def: "The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. It comprises a caudal magnocellular and a rostral parvocellular part. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Red_nucleus]
comment: Function notes: in animals without a significant corticospinal tract, gait is mainly controlled by the red nucleus.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nucleus ruber" EXACT [TAO:0000552]
xref: FMA:62407 ! Red nucleus
xref: GAID:586 ! red nucleu
xref: MA:0001063 ! red nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1478 ! Red nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.822.642 ! red nucleu
xref: EV:0100248 ! red nucleus
xref: ABA:RN ! Red Nucleus
xref: BM:MB-RN ! red nucleus
xref: TAO:0000552 ! nucleus ruber
xref: ZFA:0000552 ! nucleus ruber
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 {source="FMA"} ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus
xref: SCTID:279287006 ! Entire red nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004706 ! red nucleus
synonym: "nucleus ruber" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Red_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001949
name: gingival epithelium
def: "A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized[BTO]." [BTO:0004998]
comment: In humans: 15% orthokeratinized, 75% parakeratinized, 10% non-keratinized; diurnal; decreased keratinization with age. Note that in FMA this is classified as keratinized squamous - this perhaps refers to the epithelium of the attached or free gingiva
synonym: "epithelium of gingiva" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of gingiva" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gingiva epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gingiva epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0004998 ! gingival epithelium
xref: FMA:62423 ! Gingival epithelium
xref: MA:0001576 ! gingival epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Gingival_Epithelium ! Gingival Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0006915 ! stratified squamous epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001828 ! gingiva
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001828 ! gingiva
xref: UMLS:C1179154

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001951
name: epithelium of nasopharynx
alt_id: UBERON:0003237
def: "An epithelium that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "nasopharynx epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of nasopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasopharynx epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62452 ! Epithelium of nasopharynx
xref: VHOG:0001038 ! nasopharynx epithelium
xref: MA:0001865 ! nasopharynx epithelium
xref: EHDAA:7090 ! epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasopharynx_Epithelium ! Nasopharynx Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001241 ! nasopharynx epithelium
xref: BTO:0004480 ! nasopharynx epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17672 ! epithelium of nasopharynx of upper of respiratory tract
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001728 ! nasopharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003929 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gut epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1179157

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001952
name: epithelium of oropharynx
def: "An epithelium that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Histology/AO notes: Composition varies with species and time. This is classified as nonkeratinizing stratified squamous in FMA, unilaminar in EHDAA2; the majority of the pharyngeal epithelium is unilaminar in zebrafish
synonym: "oropharyngeal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "oropharynx epithelium" EXACT [MA:0001605]
synonym: "oropharynx epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62453 ! Epithelium of oropharynx
xref: MA:0001605 ! oropharynx epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Oropharynx_Epithelium ! Oropharynx Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004083 ! oropharynx epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001729 ! oropharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003929 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gut epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1179158

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002421
name: hippocampal formation
def: "Hippocampus (proper) plus dentate gyrus and subiculum[definition derived from NIF comments and ontology alignment]." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Usage notes: The term hippocampus is often used synonymously with hippocampal formation which consists of the hippocampus proper or Cornu Ammonis, the dentate gyrus and the subiculum[NIF]. BTO:0000601 is placed here since it includes the DG. GO also includes dentate gyrus development as part of hippocampus development, so we assume when GO says "hippocampus" it means "hippocampal formation". In ABA HPF = (.. subiculum) + HIP, HIP = DG + AH.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "archipallium" RELATED [MA:0000189]
synonym: "hippocampus (crosby)" EXACT []
synonym: "hippocampus" NARROW [GO:0021766, BTO:0000601]
synonym: "major hippocampus" RELATED [BTO:0000601]
synonym: "primal cortex" RELATED [MA:0000189]
xref: FMA:74038 ! Hippocampal formation
xref: MA:0000189 ! hippocampal formation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_715 ! Hippocampal formation
xref: BTO:0000601 ! hippocampus
xref: ABA:HPF ! Hippocampal formation
xref: BM:Tel-HF ! hippocampal formation
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000203 {source="GO", source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! pallium
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia:Hippocampus"} ! Mammalia
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001950 {source="ABA"} ! neocortex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002264 {source="ABA"} ! olfactory bulb
xref: SCTID:422867004 ! Structure of hippocampal formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001954
name: Ammon's horn
alt_id: UBERON:0004165
alt_id: UBERON:0003940
def: "A paired structure, with mirror-image halves in the left and right sides of the brain. The hippocampus is closely associated with the cerebral cortex, and in primates is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It is shaped like a curved tube[WP]." [Wikipedia:Hippocampus]
comment: WP: Non-mammalian species do not have a brain structure that looks like the mammalian hippocampus, but they have one that is considered homologous to it. The hippocampus, as pointed out above, is essentially the medial edge of the cortex. Only mammals have a fully developed cortex, but the structure it evolved from, called the pallium, is present in all vertebrates, even the most primitive ones such as the lamprey or hagfish.[82] The pallium is usually divided into three zones: medial, lateral, and dorsal. The medial pallium forms the precursor of the hippocampus. It does not resemble the hippocampus visually, because the layers are not warped into an S shape or enwrapped by the dentate gyrus, but the homology is indicated by strong chemical and functional affinities. There is now evidence that these hippocampal-like structures are involved in spatial cognition in birds, reptiles, and fish. In birds, the correspondence is sufficiently well established that most anatomists refer to the medial pallial zone as the "avian hippocampus". The story for fish is more complex. In teleost fish (which make up the great majority of existing species), the forebrain is distorted in comparison to other types of vertebrates: most neuroanatomists believe that the teleost forebrain is essentially everted, like a sock turned inside-out, so that structures that lie in the interior, next to the ventricles, for most vertebrates, are found on the outside in teleost fish, and vice versa.[86] One of the consequences of this is that the medial pallium ("hippocampal" zone) of a typical vertebrate is thought to correspond to the lateral pallium of a typical fish. Several types of fish (particularly goldfish) have been shown experimentally to have strong spatial memory abilities, even forming "cognitive maps" of the areas they inhabit.[80] There is evidence that damage to the lateral pallium impairs spatial memory.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hippocampus" RELATED [MA:0000191]
synonym: "hippocampus major" EXACT []
synonym: "hippocampus proper" EXACT []
synonym: "ammon horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_721]
synonym: "ammon gyrus" EXACT [GO:0021541]
synonym: "cornu ammonis" RELATED [GO:0021541]
synonym: "Ammon's horn" EXACT [GO:0021541]
xref: EFO:0000530 ! hippocampus
xref: FMA:62493 ! Hippocampus
xref: GAID:623 ! hippocampus
xref: VHOG:0001177 ! hippocampus
xref: MA:0000191 ! hippocampus
xref: MAT:0000114 ! hippocampus
xref: MIAA:0000114 ! hippocampus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_721 ! Hippocampus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3piFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Hippocampus ! Hippocampus
xref: ncithesaurus:Cornu_Ammonis ! Cornu Ammonis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3piFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hippocampus
xref: EMAPA:19039 ! hippocampus of cerebral cortex
xref: EMAPA:19148 ! hippocampus of forebrain
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.405 ! hippocampus
xref: EV:0100180 ! hippocampus
xref: BTO:0003705 ! cornu ammonis
xref: ABA:CA ! Ammon's Horn
xref: BM:Tel-CAM ! cornu ammonis
xref: http://scalablebrainatlas.incf.org/services/thumbnail.php?template=ABA07&size=L&dim=2d3d&format=png&region=CA
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 {source="FMA"} ! limbic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002600 {source="FMA"} ! limbic lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002421 {source="ABA"} ! hippocampal formation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia:Hippocampus"} ! Mammalia
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001885 {source="ABA"} ! dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002601 {source="ABA"} ! fasciolar gyrus
synonym: "hippocampus proprius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62493]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "hippocampal" xsd:string
xref: EHDAA2:0004443 ! hippocampus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Gray739-emphasizing-hippocampus.png
xref: SCTID:361561007 ! Entire hippocampus (also: UBERON:0003876 'subdivision of hippocampus')
xref: UMLS:C0019564

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003876
name: subdivision of hippocampus
comment: do not include ABA:HIP
synonym: "subdivision of hippocampus" EXACT []
synonym: "hippocampus subdivision" EXACT [FMA:74041]
synonym: "hippocampus region" RELATED [MA:0002428]
subset: non_informative
xref: FMA:74041 ! Subdivision of hippocampus
xref: MA:0002428 ! hippocampus region
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001954 ! Ammon's horn
xref: SCTID:361561007 ! Entire hippocampus (also: UBERON:0001954 'Ammon's horn')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003881
name: CA1 field of hippocampus
synonym: "CA1" EXACT []
synonym: "CA1 field" EXACT []
synonym: "CA1 field of hippocampus" EXACT []
synonym: "CA1 field of Ammon's horn" EXACT []
synonym: "CA1 field of cornu ammonis" EXACT []
synonym: "hippocampus CA1" EXACT []
synonym: "region 1 of Ammon's horn" EXACT []
synonym: "regio superior of the hippocampus" EXACT [FMA:74042]
synonym: "region i of ammon's horn" EXACT [FMA:74042]
synonym: "region i of hippocampus proper" EXACT [FMA:74042]
synonym: "regio superior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197]
synonym: "cornu ammonis 1" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197]
synonym: "prosubiculum = distal ca1" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197]
xref: MA:0000950 ! hippocampus CA1
xref: FMA:74042 ! CA1 field
xref: EFO:0002454 ! hippocampus CA1
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197 ! CA1
xref: ABA:CA1 ! Field CA1
xref: ncithesaurus:CA1_Field_of_the_Cornu_Ammonis ! CA1 Field of the Cornu Ammonis
is_a: UBERON:0003876 ! hippocampal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003882 {source="ABA"} ! CA2 field of hippocampus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003883 {source="ABA"} ! CA3 field of hippocampus
synonym: "regio i cornus ammonis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74042]
synonym: "regio i hippocampi proprii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74042]
xref: UMLS:C0694598

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003882
name: CA2 field of hippocampus
synonym: "CA2" EXACT []
synonym: "CA2 field" EXACT []
synonym: "CA2 field of hippocampus" EXACT []
synonym: "CA2 field of cornu ammonis" EXACT []
synonym: "CA2 field of Ammon's horn" EXACT []
synonym: "hippocampus CA2" EXACT []
synonym: "region 2 of Ammon's horn" EXACT []
synonym: "region ii of ammon's horn" EXACT [FMA:74044]
synonym: "region ii of hippocampus proper" EXACT [FMA:74044]
xref: MA:0000951 ! hippocampus CA2
xref: FMA:74044 ! CA2 field
xref: EFO:0002455 ! hippocampus CA2
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1362 ! CA2
xref: ABA:CA2 ! Field CA2
xref: ncithesaurus:CA2_Field_of_the_Cornu_Ammonis ! CA2 Field of the Cornu Ammonis
is_a: UBERON:0003876 ! hippocampal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003881 {source="ABA"} ! CA1 field of hippocampus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003883 {source="ABA"} ! CA3 field of hippocampus
synonym: "regio ii cornus ammonis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74044]
synonym: "regio ii hippocampi proprii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74044]
xref: UMLS:C0694599

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003883
name: CA3 field of hippocampus
def: "Region III of hippocampus proper is a portion of the hippocampal formation. Region CA3 receives input along the mossy fibers from granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) and from projection cells in entorhinal cortex along the perforant path. The mossy fiber pathway terminates in stratum lucidum while the perforant path passes through stratum lacunosum and terminates in stratum moleculare. The inputs from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca terminate in stratum radiatum, along with commisural connections from the contralateral hippocampus. The pyramidal cells in CA3 (of which there are approximately 200,000 in each hemisphere in the rat) send some axons back to the hilus, but the majority project to regions CA2 and CA1 (a pathway called the Schaffer collaterals), in addition to a significant number of connections that terminate within CA3 (called recurrent connections). Both the recurrent connections and the Schaffer collaterals terminate preferentially in the septal or dorsal direction from the originating cells. CA3 also sends a small set of output fibers to the lateral septum. The region is conventionally divided into 3 divisions. CA3a is the part of the cell band which is most distal from the dentate (and closest to CA1). CA3b is the middle part of the band nearest to the fimbria/fornix connection. CA3c is the most proximal to the dentate, inserting into the hilus. The region overall has been considered to be the 'pacemaker' of the hippocampus. In CA3 much of the synchronous bursing activity associated with interictal epileptiform activity appears to be generated. The excitatory collateral interconnectivity appears to be the property of CA3 most responsible for this. CA3, unlike other regions, has pyramidal cell axon collaterals ramifying extensively with local region and making excitatory contacts with neighbors. CA3 has been implicated in a number of working theories on memory and learning hippocampal processes. Oscillatory rhythms (10-30Hz) are cholinergically driven patterns that depend on coupling of interneurons and pyramidal cell axons via gap junctions as well as glutaminergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) synapses. Sharp EEG waves seen here are also implicated in memory consolidation." [Wikipedia:Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper]
synonym: "CA3" EXACT []
synonym: "CA3 field" EXACT []
synonym: "CA3 field of hippocampus" EXACT []
synonym: "CA3 field of cornu ammonis" EXACT []
synonym: "CA3 field of Ammon's horn" EXACT []
synonym: "hippocampus CA3" EXACT []
synonym: "region 3 of Ammon's horn" EXACT []
synonym: "region iii of ammon's horn" EXACT [FMA:74045]
synonym: "region iii of hippocampus proper" EXACT [FMA:74045]
synonym: "regio inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1204]
xref: MA:0000952 ! hippocampus CA3
xref: FMA:74045 ! CA3 field
xref: EFO:0002456 ! hippocampus CA3
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1204 ! CA3
xref: ABA:CA3 ! Field CA3
xref: ncithesaurus:CA3_Field_of_the_Cornu_Ammonis ! CA3 Field of the Cornu Ammonis
is_a: UBERON:0003876 ! hippocampal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003881 {source="ABA"} ! CA1 field of hippocampus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003882 {source="ABA"} ! CA2 field of hippocampus
synonym: "regio iii hippocampi proprii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74045]
synonym: "regio iii cornus ammonis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74045]
synonym: "regio hippocampi proprii III; regio III cornus ammonis; CA3" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/HippocampalRegions.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0694600

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003884
name: CA4 field of hippocampus
comment: consider obsoleting. consider - CA3c, hilus
synonym: "CA4" EXACT []
synonym: "CA4 field" EXACT []
synonym: "hippocampus CA4" EXACT []
synonym: "CA4 field of cornu ammonis" EXACT []
synonym: "CA4 field of Ammon's horn" EXACT []
synonym: "region 4 of Ammon's horn" EXACT []
synonym: "region iv of ammon's horn" EXACT [FMA:75741]
synonym: "region iv of hippocampus proper" EXACT [FMA:75741]
xref: MA:0000953 ! hippocampus CA4
xref: FMA:75741 ! CA4 field
xref: EFO:0002457 ! hippocampus CA4
xref: ncithesaurus:CA4_Field_of_the_Cornu_Ammonis ! CA4 Field of the Cornu Ammonis
is_a: UBERON:0003876 ! hippocampal region
synonym: "regio iv hippocampi proprii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75741]
synonym: "regio iv cornus ammonis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75741]
xref: UMLS:C2328406

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001955
name: epithelium of respiratory bronchiole
def: "An epithelium that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "respiratory bronchiole epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of respiratory bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory bronchiole epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62498 ! Epithelium of respiratory bronchiole
xref: MA:0001773 ! respiratory bronchiole epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Bronchiole_Epithelium ! Respiratory Bronchiole Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0002051 ! epithelium of bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002188 ! respiratory bronchiole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002188 ! respiratory bronchiole
relationship: has_part CL:0000158 {source="FMA"} ! Clara cell
xref: UMLS:C1179179

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001956
name: cartilage of bronchus
def: "the hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]." [MP:0010988]
synonym: "bronchial cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchus cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "cartilagines bronchiales" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "bronchi cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial cartilage ring" EXACT [MP:0010988]
xref: FMA:62649 ! Cartilage of bronchus
xref: MA:0001835 ! bronchus cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Cartilage ! Bronchus Cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001994 {source="MP"} ! hyaline cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
xref: SCTID:278980009 ! Entire bronchial cartilage
xref: UMLS:C0225604

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001102
name: cartilage of main bronchus
def: "A cartilage that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "main bronchial cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "main bronchus cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchus principalis cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous ring of main bronchus" EXACT [EMAPA:19092]
xref: FMA:13117 ! Cartilage of main bronchus
xref: MA:0001846 ! main bronchus cartilage
xref: EMAPA:19092 ! cartilaginous ring of main bronchus
is_a: UBERON:0001956 ! cartilage of bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001957
name: submucosa of bronchus
def: "A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "bronchial submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchus submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchi submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62653 ! Submucosa of bronchus
xref: MA:0001837 ! bronchus submucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Submucosa ! Bronchus Submucosa
xref: BTO:0002108 ! tela submucosa bronchiorum
is_a: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
xref: SCTID:85546005 ! Bronchial submucosa
xref: UMLS:C0225601

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001958
name: epithelium of terminal bronchiole
def: "An epithelium that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "terminal bronchiole epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of terminal bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal bronchiole epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62794 ! Epithelium of terminal bronchiole
xref: MA:0001774 ! terminal bronchiole epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Terminal_Bronchiole_Epithelium ! Terminal Bronchiole Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0002051 ! epithelium of bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002187 ! terminal bronchiole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002187 ! terminal bronchiole
relationship: has_part CL:0000158 {source="FMA"} ! Clara cell
xref: UMLS:C1179400

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000024
name: parenchyma of spleen
synonym: "splenic parenchyma" EXACT  [FMA:16029]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353  ! parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106  ! spleen
xref: FMA:16029 ! parenchyma of spleen
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a spleen." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005353
name: spleen perifollicular zone
def: "the compartment located between the marginal zone and the red pulp harboring scattered B and T lymphocytes[MP]." [MP:0010245]
comment: todo - check spleen marginal sinus
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010398
name: spleen marginal sinus
def: "the border region surrounding the spleen B cell follicles and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) that separates it from the marginal zone that mediates lymphocyte entry into the white pulp from the blood" [MP:MP]
comment: Note that there is no consensus in the literature about which compartments constitute the white pulp or the ramifications of the microvasculature. In addition, notable differences exist between humans and rodents. In this ontology, the marginal sinus (which may not exist in human) has been included as part of the white pulp. The perifollicular zone, which is present in human and not rodents, may be the functional equivalent of the marginal sinus in rodents.[MP:0002363]
synonym: "splenic marginal sinus" EXACT  [MP:0002363]
is_a: UBERON:0001959 ! white pulp of spleen
xref: MA:0000754 ! spleen marginal sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Marginal_Sinus ! splenic marginal sinus
xref: UMLS:C1710157

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001251
name: marginal zone of spleen
def: "region at the interface between the non-lymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white-pulp of the spleen." [Wikipedia:Marginal_zone]
comment: WP says - (Some sources consider it to be the part of red pulp which borders on the white pulp, while other sources consider it to be neither red pulp nor white pulp.) - we use the adjacency relation here so it overlaps neither. FMA considers this an anatomical line. Not to be confused with: Marginal zone of spleen (e.g. AAO:0010448 marginal zone)
synonym: "junctional zone of spleen" EXACT []
synonym: "marginal zone" BROAD [Wikipedia:Marginal_zone]
synonym: "spleen marginal zone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15852 ! Marginal zone of spleen
xref: MA:0000755 ! spleen marginal zone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1191.png/200px-Gray1191.png
is_a: UBERON:0000466 ! immaterial anatomical entity
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004879 ! marginal zone of embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001250 ! red pulp of spleen
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001959 ! white pulp of spleen
xref: ncithesaurus:Marginal_Zone ! Marginal Zone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1191.png
xref: UMLS:C1711368

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000023 ! spleen pulp
name: spleen pulp
synonym: "malpighian corpuscles" EXACT  [FMA:15845]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002106 {source="MA"} ! spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:1000024 {source="FMA"} ! parenchyma of spleen
synonym: "splenic pulp" EXACT []
synonym: "pulp of spleen" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002487 ! spleen pulp
xref: FMA:15845  ! splenic pulp
xref: SCTID:13515001 ! Splenic pulp
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Pulp ! Splenic Pulp
xref: UMLS:C0229691

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001959
name: white pulp of spleen
def: "The white pulp contains T cells, B cells and accessory cells. The function of the white pulp is to mount an immunological response to antigens within the blood. The white pulp is present in the form of a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath. This sheath contains B cell follicles and T cells. At the edge of the T zone is a region known as the marginal zone where larger lymphocytes and antigen presenting dendritic cells are located." [Wikipedia:White_pulp]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "splenic white pulp" EXACT []
synonym: "spleen white pulp" EXACT []
synonym: "white pulp" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62805 ! White pulp of spleen
xref: MA:0000762 ! spleen white pulp
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1191.png/200px-Gray1191.png
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_White_Pulp ! Splenic White Pulp
is_a: UBERON:1000023 ! spleen pulp
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte
synonym: "pulpa alba" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62805]
synonym: "noduli lymphoidei splenici" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:White_pulp]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1191.png
xref: UMLS:C0229686

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001250
name: red pulp of spleen
def: "Red pulp of the spleen is composed of connective tissue known as the cords of Billroth and many splenic sinuses that are engorged with blood, giving it a red color. Its primary function is to filter the blood of antigens, microorganisms, and defective or worn-out red blood cells. The spleen is made of red pulp and white pulp, separated by the marginal zone; 76-79% of a normal spleen is red pulp. Unlike white pulp, which mainly contains lymphocytes such as T cells, red pulp is made up of several different types of blood cells, including platelets, granulocytes, red blood cells, and plasma." [Wikipedia:Red_pulp]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "red pulp" EXACT []
synonym: "spleen red pulp" EXACT []
synonym: "splenic red pulp" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15844 ! Red pulp of spleen
xref: MA:0000756 ! spleen red pulp
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Red_Pulp ! Splenic Red Pulp
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Gray1191.png/200px-Gray1191.png
is_a: UBERON:1000023 ! spleen pulp
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="doi:10.1177/0192623311409597"} ! Danio rerio
synonym: "pulpa rubra" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15844]
xref: SCTID:27579002 ! Splenic red pulp
synonym: "pulpa splenica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Red_pulp]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1191.png
xref: UMLS:C0229687

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012069
name: epithelium-associated lymphoid tissue
is_a: UBERON:0001744 {source="FMA"} ! lymphoid tissue
xref: FMA:62811 ! epithelium-associated lymphoid tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001961
name: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
def: "diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]." [Wikipedia:Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue]
comment: Editor notes: todo - add part relationships to specific layers
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "epithelio-lymphoid tissue" EXACT  [FMA:62819]
synonym: "MALT" EXACT []
synonym: "mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue" EXACT [GO:0048537]
synonym: "mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue" EXACT [GO:0048537]
synonym: "mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue" EXACT [GO:0048537]
synonym: "mucosa associated lymphatic tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "mucosa associated lymphoid tissue" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62819 ! Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
xref: MA:0000140 ! mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Mucosa-Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue ! Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0012069 {source="FMA"} ! epithelium-associated lymphoid tissue
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
relationship: site_of GO:0046649 ! lymphocyte activation
xref: UMLS:C0599921

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001962
name: gut-associated lymphoid tissue
def: "Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]." [Wikipedia:Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue]
comment: Editor notes: phylogenetic relationships to be added. Taxon notes: guts of jawless fish contains cells with lymphocyte-like morphology (Mayer 2002). 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "GALT" RELATED []
synonym: "gut associated lymphoid tissue" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62820 ! Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
xref: MA:0000136 ! gut associated lymphoid tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Gut_Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue ! Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001961 ! mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
xref: UMLS:C0596638

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001963
name: bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue
def: "A diffuse collection of lymphpoid cells that participate in airway immune responses" [ISBN10:0123813611]
comment: Lymphoid tissue associated with airways in mice has functional similarities to human BALT[ISBN10:0123813611] Notes: FMA classifies this as organized, not diffuse
synonym: "BALT" RELATED []
synonym: "bronchus associated lymphoid tissue" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62821 ! Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue
xref: MA:0000135 ! bronchus associated lymphoid tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus-Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue ! Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001961 ! mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001957 {source="ISBN10:0123813611"} ! submucosa of bronchus
xref: UMLS:C1179418

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012330
name: nasal-associated lymphoid tissue
synonym: "NALT" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue#Categorisation]
synonym: "naso-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue" EXACT [FMA:79771]
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal-Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue ! nasal-associated lymphoid tissue
xref: FMA:79771 ! naso-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001961 ! mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001728 ! nasopharynx
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005022 ! mucosa of nasopharynx
xref: UMLS:C2698431

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013478
name: cecal tonsil
def: "A thickened round patch of lymphoid tissue located at the ileocecal junction adjacent to the sacculus rotundus." [ISBN:0824754077]
comment: In avians the polycryptic cecal tissue is similar to the mammalian palatine tonsil
synonym: "caecal tonsil" EXACT  []
synonym: "cecal GALT" RELATED  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001961 ! mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001153 ! caecum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000314 ! cecum mucosa
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: SCTID:14239003 ! Cecal tonsil


[Term]
id: UBERON:0001964
name: least splanchnic nerve
def: "Thoracic nerve that  nerve travels into the abdomen, where its fibers synapse in the renal ganglia." [Wikipedia:Thoracic_splanchnic_nerves#cite_note-4]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thoracic splanchnic nerve" RELATED []
synonym: "least thoracic splanchnic nerve" EXACT  [FMA:6283]
synonym: "lowest splanchnic nerve" EXACT  [FMA:6283]
synonym: "ramus renalis nervus splanchnici minoris" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "renal branch of lesser splanchnic nerve" EXACT  [FMA:6283]
synonym: "renal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:6283]
synonym: "nervus splanchnicus imus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6283]
synonym: "ramus renalis nervus splanchnici minoris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6283]
xref: FMA:6283 ! Least splanchnic nerve
xref: MA:0002635 ! renal nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png
xref: EMAPA:29691 ! renal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0003715 ! splanchnic nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 {source="MA"} ! kidney
xref: SCTID:280506004 ! Entire least splanchnic nerve
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001965
name: substantia nigra pars compacta
def: "Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of a densely packed region of cells, more or less dorsal to the pars reticulata, but extending into the pars reticulata in some species. The dominant neurotransmitter used by pars compacta neurons is dopamine. Pars compacta neurons are pigmented in many species (MM)[NIF]." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_990, Wikipedia:Substantia_nigra_pars_compacta]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "compact part of substantia nigra" EXACT []
synonym: "pars compacta" EXACT []
synonym: "SNpc" EXACT []
synonym: "substantia nigra, compact part" EXACT []
synonym: "substantia nigra compact part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_990]
synonym: "substantia nigra compacta" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_990]
xref: FMA:62907 ! Substantia nigra pars compacta
xref: MA:0001064 ! substantia nigra pars compacta
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_990 ! Substantia nigra pars compacta
xref: BTO:0003749 ! pars compacta
xref: ABA:SNc ! Substantia nigra, compact part
xref: BM:MB-SNc ! pars compacta of substantia nigra
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002038 ! substantia nigra
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002142 {source="ABA"} ! pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007412 {source="ABA"} ! midbrain raphe nuclei
synonym: "pars compacta substantiae nigrae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62907]
xref: ncithesaurus:Pars_Compacta ! pars compacta
xref: UMLS:C0175412

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001966 ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
name: substantia nigra pars reticulata
def: "Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM)[NLex]." [Wikipedia:Pars_reticulata, Neurolex:Substantia_nigra_pars_reticulata]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pars reticulata" EXACT []
synonym: "reticular part of substantia nigra" EXACT []
synonym: "substantia nigra, reticular part" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62908 ! Substantia nigra pars reticulata
xref: MA:0001066 ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_968 ! Substantia nigra pars reticulata
xref: BTO:0003750 ! pars reticulata
xref: ABA:SNr ! Substantia nigra, reticular part
xref: BM:MB-SNr ! pars reticulata of substantia nigra
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002038 ! substantia nigra
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus
synonym: "pars reticularis substantiae nigrae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62908]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001967
name: reticular lamina
def: "a thin extracellular layer that sometimes lies below the basal lamina, is composed chiefly of collagenous fibers, and serves to anchor the basal lamina to underlying connective tissue." [http://mw1.merriam-webster.com/medical/reticular%20lamina, Wikipedia:Reticular_lamina]
comment: todo - use GO?
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fibroreticular lamina" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina fibroreticularis" EXACT []
synonym: "reticular membrane" RELATED []
xref: FMA:62924 ! Reticular lamina
is_a: UBERON:0005764 {source="FMA"} ! acellular membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005769 {source="FMA"} ! basement membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007825
name: reticular membrane of spiral organ
synonym: "reticular lamina" BROAD [MA:0001194]
synonym: "reticular lamina of spiral organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of spiral organ of cochlea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:77849 ! reticular membrane of spiral organ
xref: MA:0001194 ! reticular lamina
is_a: UBERON:0001967 {source="Obol"} ! reticular lamina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002227 {source="MA"} ! spiral organ of cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001968
name: semen
def: "Body substance which consists of spermatozoa and seminal plasma.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Semen, FMA:FMA]
comment: Taxon notes: Note that in this ontology, semen is defined as the sum of sperm and seminal fluid, where seminal fluid is defined a taxonomically generic way (see comments for UBERON:0006530).
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0001230
xref: FMA:62966 ! Semen
xref: GAID:1169 ! semen
xref: MA:0002522 ! semen
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgC-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Semen ! Semen
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgC-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! semen
xref: MESH:A12.200.732 ! semen
xref: ncithesaurus:Male_Genital_System_Fluid_or_Secretion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Human_semen_in_petri_dish2.jpg/180px-Human_semen_in_petri_dish2.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: output_of GO:0042713 ! sperm ejaculation
relationship: has_part UBERON:0006530 ! seminal fluid
relationship: has_part CL:0000019 ! sperm
property_value: has_relational_adjective "seminal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1518159
xref: UMLS:C2756969

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006530 ! seminal fluid
name: seminal fluid
def: "The fluid portion of the semen, in which the spermatozoa are suspended[BTO]." [BTO:0001232]
comment: Usage notes: we follow FMA and make this class a generic superclass of the secretions of different glands (prostate, bulbo-urethreal, seminal vesicle). MA (and ncit) follows a mixture model, where these secretions are part of the seminal fluid // Taxon notes: This term covers a variety of species. Example: In D. melanogaster, seminal fluid proteins affect female receptivity, ovulation, oogenesis, sperm storage, sperm competition and mating plug formation [doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00961.x]. Note that ths intology contains a number of subtypes of seminal fluid, defined according to glands (which are more taxonomically restricted)
synonym: "seminal fluid" RELATED [BTO:0001232]
synonym: "seminal plasma" EXACT [BTO:0001232]
synonym: "male genital fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "male genital secretion" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002523 ! seminal fluid
xref: FMA:62967 ! Seminal fluid
xref: MAT:0000057 ! seminal fluid
xref: MIAA:0000057 ! seminal fluid
xref: BTO:0001232 ! seminal plasma
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001968 ! semen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004796
alt_id: UBERON:0010142
name: prostate gland secretion
def: "A secretion of the prostate this is slightly alkaline fluid, milky or white in appearance. Usually constitutes 20–30% of the volume of the semen along with spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid" [Wikipedia:Prostate#Secretions]
comment: Taxon notes: Prostatic secretions vary among species. They are generally composed of simple sugars and are often slightly alkaline.
synonym: "prostate secretion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secretion of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secretion of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic fluid" EXACT [FMA:66884]
xref: MA:0002525 ! prostate gland secretion
xref: FMA:66884 ! prostatic fluid
is_a: UBERON:0006530 {source="FMA"} ! seminal fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0002367 ! prostate gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostate_Gland_Secretion ! Prostate Gland Secretion
xref: UMLS:C1709733

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010143 ! seminal vesicle fluid
name: seminal vesicle fluid
comment: AO notes: in ncit, seminal fluid is a subtype of seminal vesicle secretion
synonym: "seminal vesicle secretion" EXACT  [FMA:62969]
synonym: "secretion of seminal vesicle" EXACT [FMA:62969]
synonym: "vesicular fluid" BROAD []
synonym: "seminal fluid" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
is_a: UBERON:0006530 {source="FMA"} ! seminal fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0000998 ! seminal vesicle
xref: FMA:62969 ! secretion of seminal vesicle
xref: MA:0002526 ! seminal vesicle secretion
xref: ncithesaurus:Seminal_Vesicle_Secretion
xref: ncithesaurus:Seminal_Fluid ! Seminal Fluid
def: "A bodily secretion that secreted_by a seminal vesicle." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0036614
xref: UMLS:C0227987

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004691
name: bulbourethral gland secretion
def: "A clear, viscous secretion that helps to lubricate the urethra for spermatozoa to pass through, neutralizing traces of acidic urine in the urethra,[2] and helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter. It is possible for this fluid to pick up sperm, remaining in the urethral bulb from previous ejaculations, and carry them out prior to the next ejaculation[WP]." [Wikipedia:Bulbourethral_gland#Function]
synonym: "bulbo-urethral gland secretion" EXACT [FMA:62968]
synonym: "secretion of bulbo-urethral gland" EXACT [FMA:62968]
synonym: "pre-ejaculate" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pre-ejaculate]
xref: FMA:62968 ! secretion of bulbo-urethral gland
xref: MA:0002524 ! bulbourethral gland secretion
is_a: UBERON:0006530 {source="FMA"} ! seminal fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0002366 ! bulbo-urethral gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Bulbourethral_Gland_Secretion ! Bulbourethral Gland Secretion
xref: UMLS:C1707061

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010148
name: mating plug
def: "A gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species. It is deposited by a male into a female genital tract and later hardens into a plug or glues the tract together." [Wikipedia:Mating_plug]
synonym: "copulatory plug" EXACT  [SPD:0000547]
synonym: "copulation plug" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Mating_plug]
synonym: "sperm plug" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Mating_plug]
synonym: "vaginal plug" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Mating_plug]
synonym: "sement" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Mating_plug]
synonym: "sphragis" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Mating_plug]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: has_function_in GO:0046692 ! sperm competition
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:10088 ! Mus
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9397 ! Chiroptera
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9443 ! Primates
xref: SPD:0000547 ! mating plug

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001969
name: blood plasma
def: "Body substance in liquid state contained in the lumen of arterial and venous trees, blood capillary and the cardiac chambers; constitutes the liquid phase of blood.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Blood_plasma, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "plasma" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of blood plasma" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of plasma" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000131
xref: FMA:62970 ! Portion of plasma
xref: GAID:1178 ! plasma
xref: MA:0002501 ! plasma
xref: MAT:0000052 ! blood plasma
xref: MIAA:0000052 ! blood plasma
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw
xref: ncithesaurus:Plasma ! Plasma
xref: EFO:0001905 ! blood plasma
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw ! blood plasma
xref: MESH:A12.207.152.693 ! plasma
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000178 ! blood
xref: UMLS:C0032105

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007803 ! preen oil
name: preen oil
comment:  The uropygial gland is involved in maintaining feather condition and secretions spread by preening. It serves a waterproofing function. The secretions contain a pro-vitamin D, converted by UV light to active vitamin D. The secretions are also believed to suppress the growth of micro-organisms, serving an anti-bacterial function. [http://en.wikivet.net]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
synonym: "preen gland secretion" RELATED []
synonym: "uropygial gland secretion" RELATED []
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007625 ! grooming behavior
relationship: has_function_in NBO:0000451 ! personal grooming
relationship: secreted_by UBERON:0007802 ! uropygial gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001970
name: bile
def: "a bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. Bile is a composition of the following materials: water (85%), bile salts (10%), mucus and pigments (3%), fats (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%) and cholesterol (0.3%)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Bile]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fel" RELATED [BTO:0000121]
synonym: "gall" RELATED [BTO:0000121]
xref: BTO:0000121
xref: ENVO:02000023
xref: FMA:62971 ! Bile
xref: GAID:1157 ! bile
xref: galen:Bile
xref: MA:0002513 ! bile
xref: ncithesaurus:Bile ! Bile
xref: MESH:A12.200.087 ! bile
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
xref: UMLS:C0005388

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001971
name: gastric juice
def: "." [Wikipedia:Gastric_juice]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "stomach secretion" EXACT []
synonym: "succus gastricus" RELATED [BTO:0000501]
xref: BTO:0000501
xref: FMA:62972 ! Gastric juice
xref: GAID:1160 ! gastric juice
xref: galen:GastricJuice
xref: MA:0002519 ! stomach secretion
xref: MESH:A12.200.307 ! gastric juice
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Secretion ! gastric secretion
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
xref: UMLS:C0017133

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001972
name: submucosa of esophagus
def: "A submucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tela submucosa esophagi" EXACT LATIN [BTO:0002109]
synonym: "tela submucosa of esophagus" EXACT []
synonym: "esophageal submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "esophageal submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "esophagus submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "submucosa of esophagus" EXACT []
synonym: "gullet submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62997 ! Submucosa of esophagus
xref: MA:0002724 ! esophagus submucosa
xref: BTO:0002109 ! tela submucosa esophagi
is_a: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001096 ! wall of esophagus
synonym: "tela submucosa oesophageae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62997]
xref: SCTID:362128009 ! Entire esophageal submucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001973
name: substance of tooth
def: "Body substance in solid state produced by odontoblasts, amyloblasts or cementoblasts.[FMA]" [FMA:63001]
comment: note the asserted dual parentage. This is deliberate, pending better definitions of the distinction between substance and tissue
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tooth substance" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of substance of tooth" EXACT [FMA:63001]
xref: FMA:63001 ! Portion of substance of tooth
xref: MA:0002540 ! tooth substance
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001974
name: lamina propria of esophagus
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "esophagus lamina propria" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of esophagus" EXACT []
synonym: "oesophagus lamina propria" RELATED []
synonym: "esophagus lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet lamina propria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:63050 ! Lamina propria of esophagus
xref: MA:0001568 ! esophagus lamina propria
xref: EMAPA:26987 ! lamina propria of mucosa of oesophagus of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27003 ! lamina propria of mucosa of oesophagus of gut
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Lamina_Propria ! Esophageal Lamina Propria
is_a: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002469 {source="FMA"} ! esophagus mucosa
xref: UMLS:C1707949

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001975
name: serosa of esophagus
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "esophagus serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "oesophagus serosa" RELATED []
synonym: "serosa of abdominal part of esophagus" EXACT []
synonym: "serosa of oesophagus" EXACT []
synonym: "serous coat of oesophagus" EXACT []
synonym: "esophagus serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:63057 ! Serosa of esophagus
xref: MA:0001571 ! esophagus serosa
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001096 ! wall of esophagus
synonym: "tunica serosa oesophageae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:63057]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001976
name: epithelium of esophagus
comment: todo check epithelium types: in FMA: Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; mouse has basal and squamous subtypes; in ZFA it is columnar
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "esophageal epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "esophagus epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "oesophagus epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:63063 ! Epithelium of esophagus
xref: MA:0001565 ! esophagus epithelium
xref: TAO:0001499 ! esophageal epithelium
xref: ZFA:0001499 ! esophageal epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Epithelium ! Esophageal Epithelium
xref: BTO:0001578 ! esophageal epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001287 ! oesophagus epithelium
xref: EMAPA:16835 ! epithelium of oesophagus of foregut
xref: EFO:0003041 ! esophageal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002469 {source="FMA"} ! esophagus mucosa
property_value: external_definition "Simple columnar epithelium that lines the esophagus. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001499", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "An epithelium that is part of a esophagus." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1179544

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006920
name: esophagus squamous epithelium
comment: MA introduces basal and squamous subtypes of esophagus epithelium; consider adding the FMA class 'epithelium of esophagus' here, because it is classified as squamous. BTO also has a singleton subclass
synonym: "squamous oesophageal epithelium" RELATED [MA:0001567]
synonym: "esophageal squamous epithelium" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "squamous epithelium of esophagus" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001567 ! esophagus squamous epithelium
xref: BTO:0003635 ! esophageal squamous epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Squamous_Epithelium ! Esophageal Squamous Epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0006914 ! squamous epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
def: "A squamous epithelium that is part of a esophagus." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1707950

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001977
name: serum
def: "Body substance derived from plasma by the elimination of fibrinogen.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Serum, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "blood serum" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000133
xref: BTO:0001239
xref: FMA:63083 ! Serum
xref: MA:0002502 ! serum
xref: ncithesaurus:Serum ! Serum
xref: EHDAA2:0004728 ! serum
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001969 ! blood plasma
xref: UMLS:C0229671

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001978
name: parenchyma of pancreas
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "pancreas parenchyma" EXACT []
synonym: "pancreatic parenchyma" EXACT []
xref: FMA:63120 ! Parenchyma of pancreas
xref: VHOG:0001430 ! pancreas parenchyma
xref: MA:0000724 ! pancreas parenchyma
is_a: UBERON:0000353 ! parenchyma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas
xref: SCTID:371401008 ! Structure of parenchyma of pancreas

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001979
name: venule
def: "Subdivision of venous tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the capillary vessel." [Wikipedia:Venule]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:63130 ! Venule
xref: MA:0000071 ! venule
xref: ncithesaurus:Venule ! Venule
xref: BTO:0002626 ! venule
xref: ZFA:0005315 ! venule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg/200px-Illu_capillary.jpg
xref: MESH:A07.231.432.952 ! venule
is_a: UBERON:0003920 ! venous blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
xref: SCTID:341687009 ! Entire venule
xref: TAO:0005315 ! venule
synonym: "venula" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Venule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg
xref: VHOG:0001765 ! venule
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries.  Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005315", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0042520

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001980
name: arteriole
def: "the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. Subdivision of arterial tree (organ) which is directly continuous with capillary vessel[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Arteriole, FMA:63182, GO:0014830]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:63182 ! Arteriole
xref: MA:0000063 ! arteriole
xref: ncithesaurus:Arteriole ! Arteriole
xref: BTO:0001997 ! arteriole
xref: ZFA:0005255 ! arteriole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg/200px-Illu_capillary.jpg
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.060 ! arteriole
is_a: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: AAO:0010253 ! arteriole
xref: SCTID:337724002 ! Entire arteriole
xref: TAO:0002138 ! arteriole
synonym: "arteriola" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Arteriole]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_capillary.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010253", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: VHOG:0001763 ! arteriole
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries.   Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002138", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0003847

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004536 ! lymph vasculature
name: lymph vasculature
def: "A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep." [ZFA:0005105]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "set of lymphatic vessels" EXACT []
synonym: "lymphatic vasculature" EXACT []
synonym: "lymphatic vessel network" EXACT []
synonym: "lymphatic trunks and ducts" EXACT [FMA:63815]
synonym: "lymphatic vessels set" EXACT [FMA:63815]
xref: FMA:63815 ! Set of lymphatic vessels
xref: ZFA:0005105 ! lymph vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0002391 ! lymph
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002465 ! lymphoid system
synonym: "trunci et ductus lymphatici" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:63815]
xref: TAO:0005105 ! lymph vessel (also: UBERON:0001473 'lymphatic vessel')
property_value: external_definition "A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system.  These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal.  They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels.  Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005105", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001473
name: lymphatic vessel
def: "A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]." [BTO:0000752, Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lymph vessel" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000752
xref: EFO:0000873 ! lymph vessel
xref: FMA:30315 ! Lymphatic vessel
xref: VHOG:0001249 ! lymph vessel
xref: MA:0000138 ! lymphatic vessel
xref: MAT:0000443 ! lymph vessel
xref: TAO:0005105 ! lymph vessel (also: UBERON:0004536 'lymph vasculature')
xref: XAO:0000375 ! lymph vessel
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel ! Lymphatic Vessel
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwA1fYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lymph vessel
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Illu_lymph_capillary.jpg/200px-Illu_lymph_capillary.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000055 ! vessel
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002391 ! lymph
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004536 ! lymph vasculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006558 ! lymphatic part of lymphoid system
xref: AAO:0011005 ! lymph vessel
xref: SCTID:279089004 ! Entire lymphatic vessel
synonym: "vas lymphaticum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Illu_lymph_capillary.jpg
property_value: external_definition "A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011005", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system.  These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal.  They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels.  Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005105", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Tetrapods have evolved distinct lymphatic systems, in which lymphatic capillaries help drain most of the tissues of the body.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001249", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.627", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229889

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002049
name: vasculature
def: "an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face." [ZFA:0005249]
comment: see also: vascular system. Consider merging?
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vascular network" EXACT  [FMA:69050]
xref: FMA:69050 ! Vasculature
xref: ZFA:0005249 ! vasculature
xref: BTO:0003718 ! vasculature
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg/200px-Circulatory_System_en.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0000055 ! vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007798 ! vascular system
xref: TAO:0005249 ! vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004537 ! blood vasculature
name: blood vasculature
def: "a vascular network consisting of blood vessels." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "set of blood vessels" EXACT []
synonym: "blood vascular network" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0001079 ! blood vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system
xref: TAO:0001079 ! blood vasculature
synonym: "blood vessels" RELATED [TAO:0001079]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001981
name: blood vessel
def: "A vessel through which blood circulates in the body." [BTO:0001102, Wikipedia:Blood_vessel]
comment: note that FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX. Taxon notes: annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "region of vascular tree organ" EXACT [FMA:50722]
synonym: "vascular tree organ region" EXACT [FMA:50722]
xref: BTO:0001102
xref: EFO:0000817 ! blood vessel
xref: EHDAA:240 ! blood vessels
xref: FMA:50722 ! region of vascular tree
xref: FMA:63183 ! Blood vessel
xref: GAID:169 ! blood vessel
xref: VHOG:0001250 ! blood vessel
xref: MA:0000060 ! blood vessel
xref: MAT:0000393 ! blood vessel
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0001011 ! blood vessel
xref: ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel ! Blood Vessel
xref: ZFA:0005314 ! blood vessel
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! blood vessel
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090901 ! Blood vessel
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg/200px-Circulatory_System_en.svg.png
xref: AEO:0000207 ! blood vessel
xref: MESH:A07.231 ! blood vessel
xref: EHDAA2:0003252 ! blood vessel
is_a: UBERON:0007500 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial tube open at both ends
is_a: UBERON:0000055 ! vessel
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0000178 ! blood
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004537 ! blood vasculature
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004872 ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006965 {source="GO:0072360"} ! vascular cord
relationship: has_function_in GO:0008015 ! blood circulation
relationship: has_part CL:0000071 {source="AEO"} ! blood vessel endothelial cell
xref: AAO:0011004 ! blood vessel
xref: SCTID:361097006 ! Entire blood vessel
xref: TAO:0002137 ! blood vessel
synonym: "vas sanguineum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Blood_vessel]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011004", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001250", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001250", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH\, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0005847

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
name: capillary
def: "Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules." [Wikipedia:Capillary, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Structure notes: capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "blood capillary" EXACT []
synonym: "capillary vessel" EXACT []
xref: FMA:63194 ! Capillary
xref: VHOG:0001253 ! capillary
xref: MA:0000065 ! capillary
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000116 ! capillary
xref: ncithesaurus:Capillary ! Capillary
xref: BTO:0002045 ! capillary
xref: ZFA:0005250 ! capillary
xref: EFO:0001906 ! capillary
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! capillary
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090902 ! Capillary
xref: EMAPA:28039 ! capillary of developing vasculature of cortex
xref: EMAPA:28075 ! capillary of developing vasculature of medulla
xref: MESH:A07.231.432.410 ! capillary
xref: EV:0100035 ! capillary
is_a: UBERON:0010523 {source="ZFA"} ! microcirculatory vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001979 ! venule
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole
xref: AAO:0010252 ! capillary
xref: TAO:0005250 ! capillary
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/A_red_blood_cell_in_a_capillary,_pancreatic_tissue_-_TEM.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010252", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001253", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH\, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0935624

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013141
name: capillary bed
def: "A localized group of blood capillaries." [AEO:0001002]
is_a: UBERON:0007502 {source="AEO"} ! epithelial plexus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002049 {source="FMA"} ! vasculature
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
xref: FMA:45632 ! capillary bed
xref: AEO:0001002 ! capillary bed

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006966
name: heart capillary
def: "." [GO:0003248]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000333
name: intestinal gland
def: "A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm]." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note that some sources treat 'intestinal gland' as synonymous with 
synonym: "glandula intestinalis" EXACT [FMA:15052]
synonym: "gland of intestinal mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of intestine mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of mucosa of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinal mucosa gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine mucosa gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of intestine gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel mucosa gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel mucosa of organ gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel mucous membrane gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel organ mucosa gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of bowel mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of bowel mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of bowel mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of bowel organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of intestine mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of intestine mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of intestine organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of mucosa of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of mucosa of organ of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of mucosa of organ of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of mucous membrane of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of mucous membrane of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of organ mucosa of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of organ mucosa of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine mucosa of organ gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine mucous membrane gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine organ mucosa gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bowel gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bowel gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of intestine gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bowel gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of intestine gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bowel gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of intestine gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "crypt of Lieberkuehn" RELATED [BTO:0000640]
synonym: "gland of Lieberkuehn" RELATED [BTO:0000640]
synonym: "Lieberkuehn`s gland" RELATED [BTO:0000640]
synonym: "glandulae intestinales" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000640 ! intestinal gland
xref: FMA:15052 ! Intestinal gland
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
xref: SCTID:266297002 ! Entire intestinal gland
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001983
name: crypt of Lieberkuhn
def: "A gland found in the epithelial lining of the intestine and colon." [Wikipedia:Intestinal_crypt]
synonym: "intestinal gland" BROAD [Wikipedia:Crypts_of_Lieberkuhn]
synonym: "intestinal crypt" EXACT []
synonym: "intestinal crypts" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "lieberkuhn crypt" EXACT []
synonym: "Lieberkuhn crypt" EXACT []
synonym: "crypt of lieberkuhn" EXACT []
synonym: "crypt of Lieberkühn" EXACT []
synonym: "crypts of Lieberkühn" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: FMA:63621 ! Crypt of Lieberkuhn
xref: MA:0001535 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
xref: SCTID:118652008 ! Crypt of LieberkC<hn
xref: ncithesaurus:Crypts_of_the_Lieberkuhn ! Crypt of Lieberkuhn
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/200px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
relationship: has_quality PATO:0001873 {source="Wikipedia:Tubular_gland"} ! cylindrical
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg
xref: UMLS:C1621887
property_value: external_definition "In histology, an intestinal crypt, also crypt of LieberkC<hn and intestinal gland, is a gland found in the epithelial lining of the small intestine and colon. The crypts secrete various enzymes, including sucrase and maltase, along with endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Also new epithelium is formed here, keeping in mind that the epithelium at this site is frequently worn away by the passing food. Loss of proliferation control in the crypts is thought to lead to colorectal cancer. The basal portion of the Crypt contains multipotent stem cells. At each mitosis one daughter remains a stem cell while the other differentiates and migrates up the side of the crypt and eventually the villus. Goblet cells are among the cells produced in this fashion[Wikipedia:Intestinal_crypt]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Intestinal_crypt"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011184
name: epithelium of crypt of lieberkuhn
def: "An epithelium that is part of a crypt of Lieberkuhn." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Note that FMA has classes for subdivisions of this epithelium
synonym: "crypt epithelium" BROAD  []
synonym: "intestinal crypt epithelium" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
xref: ncithesaurus:Crypt_Epithelium ! crypt epithelium
xref: UMLS:C2826787

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001984
name: crypt of lieberkuhn of large intestine
def: "A crypt of lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "large intestinal crypt of lieberkuhn" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine crypt of lieberkuhn" EXACT []
synonym: "intestinal gland of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine intestinal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine lieberkuhn crypt" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lieberkuhn crypt of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:63622 ! Crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine
xref: MA:0001544 ! large intestine crypt of lieberkuhn
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Crypt_of_the_Lieberkuhn ! Large Intestinal Crypt of Lieberkuhn
is_a: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: UBERON:0001983 ! crypt of lieberkuhn
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001207 ! mucosa of large intestine
xref: UMLS:C1179777

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001985
name: corneal endothelium
def: "A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]." [Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cornea endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of cornea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:63882 ! Corneal endothelium
xref: GAID:891 ! corneal endothelium
xref: MA:0001242 ! corneal endothelium
xref: ZFA:0001687 ! corneal endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Corneal_Endothelium ! Corneal Endothelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray871.png/200px-Gray871.png
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.067.318 ! corneal endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
xref: SCTID:368827009 ! Entire corneal endothelium
xref: TAO:0002186 ! corneal endothelium
synonym: "epithelium posterius corneae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png
xref: UMLS:C0014259

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002450
name: decidua
def: "Uterine lining (endometrium) during a pregnancy, which forms the maternal part of the placenta. It is formed under the influence of progesterone and forms highly-characteristic cells." [Wikipedia:Decidua]
comment: todo - check mp syn
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "decidua basalis" RELATED []
synonym: "endometrium" RELATED []
synonym: "decidous membrane" EXACT [FMA:85538]
synonym: "uterine decidua" RELATED [BTO:0001360]
synonym: "maternal decidual layer" RELATED [MP:0004256]
synonym: "placenta maternal decidual layer" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001360
xref: GAID:378 ! decidua
xref: MA:0001722 ! decidua
xref: MAT:0000290 ! decidua
xref: MIAA:0000290 ! decidua
xref: FMA:85538 ! Decidua
xref: ncithesaurus:Decidua ! Decidua
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray33.png/200px-Gray33.png
xref: EMAPA:29917 ! endometrium (also: UBERON:0001295 'endometrium')
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.679.490.373 ! decidua
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="FMA"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001987 {source="MA"} ! placenta
xref: SCTID:362842004 ! Entire decidua
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray33.png
xref: UMLS:C0011106

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001987
name: placenta
def: "organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin[GO]. The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion.  The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis.  The two portions are held together by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell." [Wikipedia:Placenta, http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm]
comment: Taxon notes: Eutherians: In eutherians, the chorioallantoic membrane of the fetus establishes intimate contact with the adjacent vascular wall of the mother's uterus to produce the placenta, a composite structure formed in part from tissues of the fetus and in part from tissues of the mother [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]. TODO - is taxon restriction too strict, even if we restrict def to allantoic placenta? - WP says: also found in some snakes and lizards with varying levels of development up to mammalian levels. Pough et al. 1992. Herpetology: Third Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall:Pearson Education, Inc., 2002. // See also: doi:10.1002/jmor.11011 // Marsupials possess only a rudimentary placenta, with reduced nutrient and oxygen exchanging capabilities.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "allantoic placenta" EXACT [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
synonym: "eutherian placenta" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001078
xref: FMA:63934 ! Placenta
xref: GAID:379 ! placenta
xref: VHOG:0001266 ! placenta
xref: MA:0000386 ! placenta
xref: MAT:0000279 ! placenta
xref: MIAA:0000279 ! placenta
xref: ncithesaurus:Placenta ! Placenta
xref: EFO:0001407 ! placenta
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvv4zZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! placenta
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Placenta.jpg/200px-Placenta.jpg
xref: MESH:A16.759 ! placenta
xref: EV:0100119 ! placenta
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004340 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! allantois
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000995 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! uterus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9347 ! Eutheria
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003124 {source="Wikipedia"} ! chorion
xref: SCTID:181455002 ! Entire placenta
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Placenta.svg
property_value: homology_notes "Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated data set using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and distance based (neighbour joining) methods all converged on a nearly identical, well supported topology defining four principal eutherian lineages. The results affirm monophyly of traditional placental orders (except Artiodactyla and Insectivora), and also support some previously proposed, as well as new, superordinal clades.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001266", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/35054550 Murphy WJ\, Eizirik E\, Johnson WE\, Zhang YP\, Ryder OA\, O'Brien SJ\, Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "placental" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0032043

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001988
name: feces
def: "Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]" [Wikipedia:Feces, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feces]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "portionem cacas" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "porción de mierda@en" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of feces" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of faeces" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of excrement" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of fecal matter" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of fecal material" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of dung" NARROW []
synonym: "portion of guano" NARROW []
synonym: "portion of scat" NARROW []
synonym: "fecal material" EXACT []
synonym: "merde@fr" EXACT []
synonym: "partie de la merde@fr" EXACT []
synonym: "matières fécales@fr" EXACT []
synonym: "teil der fäkalien@de" EXACT []
synonym: "dung" NARROW []
synonym: "excreta" BROAD []
synonym: "faeces" EXACT []
synonym: "fecal matter" EXACT []
synonym: "stool" EXACT []
synonym: "ordure" RELATED []
synonym: "guano" NARROW [Wikipedia:Guano]
synonym: "scat" NARROW []
synonym: "cow pat" NARROW [Wikipedia:Cow_dung]
synonym: "cow dung" NARROW [Wikipedia:Cow_dung]
synonym: "fewmet" NARROW [Wikipedia:Fewmet]
synonym: "spraint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Spraint]
synonym: "frass" NARROW [Wikipedia:Frass]
synonym: "spoor" RELATED []
synonym: "droppings" RELATED []
synonym: "excrement" RELATED [BTO:0000440]
synonym: "piece of shit" EXACT [PMID:23285307]
xref: BTO:0000440
xref: ENVO:00002003
xref: FMA:64183 ! Feces
xref: GAID:1199 ! feces
xref: galen:Feces
xref: MA:0002509 ! feces
xref: MAT:0000053 ! faeces
xref: MIAA:0000053 ! faeces
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Feces ! Feces
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! fecal matter
xref: MESH:A12.459 ! fece
is_a: UBERON:0000174 ! excreta
relationship: output_of GO:0030421 ! defecation
property_value: has_relational_adjective "fecal" xsd:string
property_value: external_definition "Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.[FMA[FMA:64183]]" xsd:string {source="FMA:64183"}
xref: UMLS:C0015733

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001989
name: superior cervical ganglion
def: "Trunk ganglion which is bilaterally paired and located at the anterior end of the sympathetic ganglion chain." [Wikipedia:Superior_cervical_ganglion, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "superior cervical sympathetic ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "superior sympathetic cervical ganglion" RELATED []
synonym: "ganglion cervicale superius" RELATED [BTO:0001325]
xref: BTO:0001325
xref: EHDAA:8943 ! superior cervical ganglion
xref: FMA:6467 ! Superior cervical ganglion
xref: GAID:712 ! superior cervical ganglion
xref: MA:0001156 ! superior cervical ganglion
xref: TAO:0001572 ! superior cervical ganglion
xref: ZFA:0001572 ! superior cervical ganglion
xref: EFO:0001945 ! superior cervical ganglion
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001946 ! superior cervical ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray844.png/200px-Gray844.png
xref: MESH:A08.340.315.350.850 ! superior cervical ganglion
xref: EMAPA:18441 ! superior of cervical
is_a: UBERON:0001991 ! cervical ganglion
xref: SCTID:279278002 ! Entire superior cervical ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Cervical_Ganglion ! superior cervical ganglion
synonym: "ganglion cervicale superius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_cervical_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Gray844.png
xref: UMLS:C0206257

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001990
name: middle cervical ganglion
def: "The middle cervical ganglion is the smallest of the three cervical ganglia, and is occasionally absent. It is placed opposite the sixth cervical vertebra, usually in front of, or close to, the inferior thyroid artery. It is probably formed by the coalescence of two ganglia corresponding to the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. It sends gray rami communicantes to the fifth and sixth cervical nerves, and gives off the middle cardiac nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Middle_cervical_ganglion]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "middle cervical sympathetic ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "ganglion cervicale medium" RELATED [BTO:0000359]
xref: BTO:0000359
xref: EHDAA:8941 ! middle cervical ganglion
xref: FMA:6468 ! Middle cervical ganglion
xref: MA:0001155 ! middle cervical ganglion
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001180 ! middle cervical ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray844.png/200px-Gray844.png
xref: EMAPA:18440 ! middle of cervical
is_a: UBERON:0001991 ! cervical ganglion
xref: SCTID:279279005 ! Entire middle cervical ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Cervical_Ganglion ! middle cervical ganglion
synonym: "ganglion cervicale medium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_cervical_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Gray844.png
xref: UMLS:C0228999

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001991
name: cervical ganglion
def: "The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cervical_ganglion]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cervical sympathetic ganglion" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000113
xref: FMA:6470 ! Cervical ganglion
xref: MA:0001153 ! cervical ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray844.png/200px-Gray844.png
xref: EMAPA:18438 ! cervical
is_a: UBERON:0001807 ! paravertebral ganglion
xref: SCTID:181100007 ! Cervical sympathetic ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001994
name: hyaline cartilage tissue
def: "Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Hyaline_cartilage, FMA:64783]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hyaline cartilage" EXACT []
xref: FMA:64783 ! Hyaline cartilage
xref: MA:0000109 ! hyaline cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyaline_Cartilage ! Hyaline Cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gray292.png/200px-Gray292.png
xref: VSAO:0000094 ! hyaline cartilage tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002418 {source="FMA"} ! cartilage tissue
relationship: has_part CL:0000138 ! chondrocyte
relationship: composed_primarily_of GO:0005585 {source="VSAO-text-def"} ! collagen type II
xref: SCTID:39298000 ! Hyaline cartilage
xref: XAO:0004029 ! hyaline cartilage tissue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000094", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
xref: UMLS:C0225362

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001995 ! fibrocartilage
name: fibrocartilage
def: "Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns[VSAO]. A mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its flexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type II[WP]. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel without a well-defined perichondrium[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Fibrocartilage, VSAO:0000103, FMA:64784]
comment: The white fibrocartilages admit of arrangement into four groups—interarticular, connecting, circumferential, and stratiform -- WP. TODO: add mineralized
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:64784 ! Fibrocartilage
xref: galen:Fibrocartilage
xref: MA:0000108 ! fibrocartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Fibrocartilage ! Fibrocartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gray295.png/200px-Gray295.png
xref: VSAO:0000103 ! fibrocartilage
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: has_part CL:0000138 ! chondrocyte
relationship: has_part GO:0005584 ! collagen type I
xref: SCTID:91685003 ! Fibrocartilage
xref: XAO:0004028 ! fibrocartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Gray295.png
property_value: external_definition "Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000103", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "fibrocartilaginous" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0684077

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009013
name: white fibrocartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001995 {source="UBERON"} ! fibrocartilage
xref: SCTID:3008003 ! White fibrocartilage
xref: MA:0000486 ! white fibrocartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011589
name: non-mineralized cartilage tissue
def: "Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized." [VSAO:0000089]
comment: Editor notes: add developmental relationships
is_a: UBERON:0002418 {source="VSAO"} ! cartilage tissue
xref: VSAO:0000089 ! non-mineralized cartilage tissue
xref: XAO:0004044  ! non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001996
name: elastic cartilage tissue
def: "Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which consists of elastic fibers." [Wikipedia:Elastic_cartilage, FMA:64785]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "elastic cartilage" EXACT [MA:0000107]
synonym: "elastic cartilage tissue" EXACT [VSAO:0000091]
synonym: "yellow elastic cartilage" EXACT [Wikipedia:Elastic_cartilage]
synonym: "yellow elastic cartilage tissue" EXACT []
xref: FMA:64785 ! Elastic cartilage
xref: MA:0000107 ! elastic cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Elastic_Cartilage ! Elastic Cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gray904.png/200px-Gray904.png
xref: VSAO:0000091 ! elastic cartilage tissue
xref: XAO:0004197 ! elastic cartilage tissue
is_a: UBERON:0011589 {source="VSAO"} ! non-mineralized cartilage tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005863 {source="VSAO"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: has_part GO:0071953 {source="Wikipedia"} ! elastic fiber
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Gray904.png
property_value: external_definition "Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000091", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
xref: UMLS:C0682559

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011376
name: iliothoracic muscle
def: "The iliothoracic group is made up of the abdominal wall muscles: rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal obliquus, and the transversus abdominis" [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899031-overview]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005462 ! lower back
xref: MA:0002322 ! iliothoracic
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliothoracic ! iliothoracic
synonym: "iliothoracic" EXACT [MA:0002322]
xref: UMLS:C1708463

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011377
name: femorothoracic muscle
def: "The femorospinal group is made up of the psoas major and iliacus muscles" [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899031-overview]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005462 ! lower back
synonym: "femorothoracic" EXACT [MA:0002322]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001999
name: iliopsoas
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor[WP]." [Wikipedia:Iliopsoas]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Hyrtl's muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:64918 ! Iliopsoas
xref: MA:0002321 ! iliopsoas
xref: VHOG:0001005 ! ilio-psoas
xref: EHDAA2:0000812 ! ilio-psoas
xref: EMAPA:18520 ! ilio-psoas
xref: EHDAA:9458 ! ilio-psoas
xref: BTO:0000621 ! iliopsoas muscle
synonym: "iliopsoas muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000621]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliopsoas_Muscle ! Iliopsoas Muscle
xref: SCTID:181668001 ! Entire iliopsoas muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0009624 {source="dbpedia"} ! lumbar nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001267 {source="dbpedia"} ! femoral nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001130 {source="dbpedia"} ! vertebral column
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001370 {source="dbpedia"} ! gluteus maximus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008538 {source="dbpedia"} ! muscle of posterior compartment of thigh
synonym: "musculus iliopsoas" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iliopsoas]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002504 {source="dbpedia", notes="lesser trochanter of femur"} ! lesser trochanter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
synonym: "illopsoas" EXACT [VHOG:0001005]
synonym: "ilio-psoas" RELATED [VHOG:0001005]
xref: UMLS:C0224417

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002000
name: gluteal muscle
def: "The gluteal muscles are the three muscles that make up the buttocks: the gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle." [Wikipedia:Gluteal_muscles]
comment: AO notes: FMA includes tensor fasciae latae and other buttock muscles. BTO def: Any one of three large skeletal muscles that form the buttock and move the thigh.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gluteus" RELATED [BTO:0000531]
synonym: "gluteus muscle" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000531
xref: FMA:64922 ! Gluteal muscle
xref: MA:0000535 ! gluteal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001497 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of pelvic girdle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
xref: ncithesaurus:Gluteal_Muscle ! Gluteal Muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000715 ! gluteal muscle mass
xref: VHOG:0001316 ! gluteus muscle
xref: UMLS:C1744702

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002001
name: joint of rib
def: "Any joint that connects a rib to another structure (or another rib). Examples: costochondral, costovertebral, interchondral, sternocostal joints." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "rib joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA_RETIRED:64994
xref: MA:0001508 ! joint of rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Joint_of_the_Rib ! Rib Joint
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003252 ! rib cage
xref: SCTID:263314001 ! Entire joint of rib
xref: UMLS:C1261194

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002002
name: interchondral joint
def: "Interchondral Articulations (articulations of the cartilages of the ribs with each other). The contiguous borders of the sixth, seventh, and eighth, and sometimes those of the ninth and tenth, costal cartilages articulate with each other by small, smooth, oblong facets. Each articulation is enclosed in a thin articular capsule, lined by synovial membrane and strengthened laterally and medially by ligamentous fibers which pass from one cartilage to the other. Sometimes the fifth costal cartilages, more rarely the ninth and tenth, articulate by their lower borders with the adjoining cartilages by small oval facets; more frequently the connection is by a few ligamentous fibers." [Wikipedia:Interchondral_articulations]
comment: Editor notes: Consider creating logical definition after obo2owl cardinality tests. AO notes: FMA has both synovial and syndesmosis subtypes - consider adding separate class for FMA:7955 Synovial interchondral joint
synonym: "interchondral articulation" EXACT [Wikipedia:Interchondral_articulations]
synonym: "interchondral joints" EXACT [FMA:71378]
synonym: "interchondral joints set" EXACT [FMA:71378]
synonym: "synovial interchondral joint" EXACT [FMA:7955]
synonym: "articulatio interchondralis" EXACT [FMA:7955]
xref: FMA:10425 ! Interchondral syndesmosis
xref: MA:0001511 ! interchondral joint
is_a: UBERON:0002001 {source="MA"} ! joint of rib
is_a: UBERON:0002210 {source="FMA"} ! syndesmosis
relationship: connects UBERON:0002228 {cardinality="2"} ! rib
relationship: connects UBERON:0002228 {notes="connects two adjacent ribs"} ! rib
synonym: "articulationes interchondrales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71378]
xref: SCTID:303101003 ! Entire interchondral joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Gray315.png
synonym: "interchondral syndesmosis" RELATED [FMA:10425]
synonym: "interchondral joint of 9th and 10th ribs" RELATED [FMA:10425]
synonym: "non-synovial interchondral joint" RELATED [FMA:10425]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002292
name: costovertebral joint
def: "The costovertebral joints are the articulations that connect the heads of the ribs with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. Joining of ribs to the vertebrae occurs at two places, the head and the tubercle of the rib. Two convex facets from the head attach to two adjacent vertebrae. This forms a trochoid joint, which is strengthened by the ligament of the head and the intercapital ligament. Articulation of the tubercle is to the transverse process of the adjacent vertebrae. This articulation is reinforced by the dorsal costotransverse ligament. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Costovertebral_joint]
comment: AO notes: FMA has both this and joint of head of rib
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "costal head joint" RELATED  [FMA:7951]
synonym: "costocorporeal joint" RELATED  [FMA:7951]
synonym: "joint of costal head" RELATED  [FMA:7951]
synonym: "joint of head of rib" RELATED [FMA:7951]
synonym: "costovertebral synovial joint" EXACT [FMA:10382]
xref: FMA:10382 ! costovertebral synovial joint
xref: MA:0001510 ! costovertebral joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Costovertebral_Joint ! Costovertebral Joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray312.png/200px-Gray312.png
xref: EMAPA:19208 ! costo-vertebral joint of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:19020 ! costo-vertebral joint of pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall of skeleton of embryo
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
is_a: UBERON:0002001 {source="MA"} ! joint of rib
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002230 ! head of rib
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: SCTID:263315000 ! Entire costocorporeal joint
xref: UMLS:C0224681

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002293
name: costochondral joint
def: "A bars of hyaline cartilage located between the distal part of a rib and a costal cartilage, connecting the ribs to the sternum ." [Wikipedia:Costochondral_joint, HP:0000920]
comment: Taxon notes: In humans, Joints between costal cartilages of ribs 6-9 are plane synovial joints. Articulation between costal cartilage of rib 9 and rib 10 is fibrous
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio costochondralis" EXACT  [FMA:7956, FMA:TA]
synonym: "chondrocostal synchondrosis" EXACT  [FMA:7956]
synonym: "costochondral junction" EXACT  [FMA:7956, HP:0000920]
synonym: "costochondral synchondrosis" EXACT  [FMA:7956]
xref: FMA:7956 ! Costochondral joint
xref: MA:0001509 ! costochondral joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfy27JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Costochondral_Joint ! Costochondral Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfy27JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! chondrocostal synchondrosis
is_a: UBERON:0002001 {source="MA"} ! joint of rib
is_a: UBERON:0002215 {source="FMA"} ! synchondrosis
relationship: connects UBERON:0010424 ! distal segment of rib
relationship: connects UBERON:0002236 ! costal cartilage
xref: SCTID:282413008 ! Entire costochondral junction
synonym: "articulationes costochondrales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Costochondral_joint]
xref: UMLS:C0224683

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001998
name: sternocostal joint
def: "arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synarthrodial articulation." [Wikipedia:Sternocostal_joints]
comment: AO notes - FMA has FMA:72323 'Costosternal joint', isa Synchondrosis, no other relationships
synonym: "articulatio sternocostalis" EXACT  [FMA:7954]
synonym: "sternochondral joint" EXACT  [FMA:7954]
synonym: "synovial sternocostal joint" EXACT [FMA:7954]
synonym: "articulatio sternocostalis" EXACT [FMA:7954]
synonym: "sternocostal synovial joint" EXACT [FMA:7954]
synonym: "costo sternal joint" EXACT []
synonym: "costosternal joint" EXACT []
xref: GAID:271 ! sternocostal joint
xref: MA:0001512 ! sternocostal joint
xref: FMA:7954 ! Synovial sternocostal joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternocostal_Joint ! Sternocostal Joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gray315.png/200px-Gray315.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.790 ! sternocostal joint
is_a: UBERON:0002001 {source="MA"} ! joint of rib
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
xref: SCTID:361860002 ! Entire sternocostal joint
synonym: "articulationes sternocostales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternocostal_joints]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Gray315.png
xref: UMLS:C1305902

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002004
name: trunk of sciatic nerve
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "sciatic nerve trunk" EXACT []
synonym: "sciatic neural trunk" EXACT []
xref: FMA:65507 ! Trunk of sciatic nerve
xref: MA:0001178 ! sciatic nerve trunk
is_a: UBERON:0001147 ! trunk of peripheral nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002005
name: enteric nervous system
def: "The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation[GO]." [Wikipedia:Enteric_nervous_system]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "PNS - enteric" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000895 ! enteric nervous system
xref: FMA:66070 ! Enteric nervous system
xref: GAID:799 ! enteric nervous system
xref: MA:0000222 ! enteric nervous system
xref: MAT:0000102 ! PNS - enteric
xref: MIAA:0000102 ! PNS - enteric
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1166 ! Enteric nervous system
xref: TAO:0001155 ! enteric nervous system
xref: ZFA:0001155 ! enteric nervous system
xref: BTO:0002506 ! enteric nervous system
xref: EMAPA:26922 ! enteric nervous system
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.150 ! enteric nervous system
is_a: UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005428 {source="ZFA", source="Wikipedia", source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! vagal neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0004202 ! enteric nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002006
name: cortex of lymph node
def: "Peripheral portion of the lymph node, underneath the capsule[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lymph node cortex" EXACT []
xref: FMA:66253 ! Cortex of lymph node
xref: MA:0000740 ! lymph node cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Cortex ! Lymph Node Cortex
is_a: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
synonym: "cortex nodi lymphoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Illu_lymph_node_structure.png
xref: UMLS:C0933402

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002007
name: medulla of lymph node
def: "." [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_of_lymph_node]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lymph node medulla" EXACT []
xref: FMA:66254 ! Medulla of lymph node
xref: MA:0000745 ! lymph node medulla
is_a: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
synonym: "medulla nodi lymphoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medulla_of_lymph_node]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002008
name: cardiac nerve plexus
def: "a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart." [Wikipedia:Cardiac_plexus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cardiac plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "autonomic nerve plexus of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autonomic plexus of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart autonomic nerve plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart autonomic plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart visceral nerve plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart visceral plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "visceral nerve plexus of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "visceral plexus of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:6628 ! Cardiac nerve plexus
xref: MA:0001138 ! cardiac nerve plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Nerve_Plexus ! Cardiac Nerve Plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png
is_a: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
synonym: "plexus cardiacus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6628]
xref: SCTID:280511002 ! Cardiac plexus
synonym: "plexus cardiacus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cardiac_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png
xref: UMLS:C0459528

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002009
name: pulmonary nerve plexus
def: "The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk. It supplies the Bronchial tree. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_plexus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "plexus pulmonalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6629]
synonym: "pulmonary plexus" EXACT  [FMA:6629]
xref: FMA:6629 ! Pulmonary nerve plexus
xref: MA:0001143 ! pulmonary nerve plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001816 {source="MA"} ! autonomic nerve plexus
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003728 {source="FMA"} ! mediastinum
xref: SCTID:280512009 ! Pulmonary plexus
synonym: "plexus pulmonalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_plexus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002010
name: celiac nerve plexus
def: "The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen. The celiac plexus is located near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta. It is behind the stomach and the omental bursa and in front of the crura of the diaphragm, on the level of the first lumbar vertebra, L1. The plexus is formed (in part) by the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves of both sides, and also parts of the right vagus nerve. The celiac plexus proper consists of the celiac ganglia with a network of interconnecting fibers. The aorticorenal ganglia are often considered to be part of the celiac ganglia, and thus, part of the plexus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Celiac_plexus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "celiac plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "coeliac nerve plexus" RELATED []
synonym: "coeliac plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "solar plexus" RELATED  [MESH:A08.800.050.050.150]
xref: FMA:6630 ! Celiac nerve plexus
xref: GAID:796 ! celiac plexus
xref: MA:0001139 ! celiac nerve plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.050.150 ! celiac plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
synonym: "plexus coeliacus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6630]
synonym: "plexus nervosus coeliacus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6630]
xref: SCTID:362494009 ! Entire celiac nervous plexus
synonym: "plexus coeliacus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Celiac_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002011
name: thoracodorsal artery
def: "The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:66320 ! Thoracodorsal artery
xref: MA:0002065 ! thoracodorsal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracodorsal_Artery ! Thoracodorsal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Latissimus_dorsi.png/200px-Latissimus_dorsi.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
synonym: "arteria thoracodorsalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Latissimus_dorsi.png
xref: UMLS:C0933449

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005303 ! hypogastric nerve
name: hypogastric nerve
def: "the transition between the superior hypogastric plexus and the inferior hypogastric plexus." [Wikipedia:Hypogastric_nerve]
comment: check plexus vs nerve. WP indicates it is a 'transition'
synonym: "hypogastric nerve plexus" EXACT [MA:0001140]
synonym: "hypogastric plexus" EXACT [EMAPA:18225]
xref: MA:0001140 ! hypogastric nerve plexus
xref: EMAPA:18225 ! hypogastric plexus
xref: FMA:77596 ! hypogastric nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray847.png/200px-Gray847.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.050.400 ! hypogastric plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: ncithesaurus:Hypogastric_Nerve_Plexus ! Hypogastric Nerve Plexus
xref: SCTID:181061006 ! Hypogastric plexus
synonym: "nervus hypogastricus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hypogastric_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray847.png
xref: UMLS:C1711378

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002013
name: superior hypogastric nerve plexus
def: "The superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies below the bifurcation of the aorta. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_hypogastric_plexus]
comment: Check relationship with generic hypogastric nerve/plexus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "presacral nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "superior hypogastric plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "hypogastric plexus" RELATED []
xref: FMA:6642 ! Superior hypogastric nerve plexus
xref: MA:0001142 ! superior hypogastric nerve plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png
xref: EMAPA:19274 ! superior of hypogastric plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005303 ! hypogastric nerve
synonym: "nervus presacralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6642]
synonym: "plexus hypogastricus superior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6642]
xref: SCTID:244484008 ! Entire superior hypogastric plexus
synonym: "plexus hypogastricus inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_hypogastric_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002014
name: inferior hypogastric nerve plexus
def: "The inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus in some texts) is a plexus of nerves that supplies the viscera of the pelvic cavity. The inferior hypogastric plexus is a paired structure, with each situated on the side of the rectum in the male, and at the sides of the rectum and vagina in the female. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_hypogastric_plexus]
comment: Check relationship with generic hypogastric nerve/plexus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior hypogastric plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvic nerve plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvic plexus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:6643 ! Inferior hypogastric nerve plexus
xref: MA:0001141 ! inferior hypogastric nerve plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Hypogastric_Nerve_Plexus ! Inferior Hypogastric Nerve Plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/200px-Gray838.png
xref: EMAPA:19275 ! inferior of hypogastric plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005303 ! hypogastric nerve
synonym: "plexus pelvicus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6643]
synonym: "plexus hypogastricus inferior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6643]
synonym: "plexus nervosus pelvicus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6643]
xref: SCTID:192608000 ! Entire inferior hypogastric plexus
synonym: "plexus hypogastricus inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_hypogastric_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray838.png
xref: UMLS:C0205797

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002016
name: pulmonary vein
def: "Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]." [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pulmonary venous tree organ part" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:2629 ! pulmonary veins
xref: FMA:66643 ! Pulmonary vein
xref: GAID:543 ! pulmonary vein
xref: VHOG:0001133 ! pulmonary vein
xref: MA:0002206 ! pulmonary vein
xref: XAO:0000394 ! pulmonary vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Vein ! Pulmonary Vein
xref: BTO:0001799 ! pulmonary vein
xref: galen:PulmonaryVein ! pulmonary vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001579 ! pulmonary veins
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png
xref: EMAPA:18645 ! pulmonary vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.713 ! pulmonary vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008886 ! pulmonary vascular system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002061 ! truncus arteriosus
xref: AAO:0010521 ! pulmonary vein
synonym: "venae pulmonales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png
property_value: external_definition "Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010521", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: SCTID:430160002 ! Entire vein of lung
property_value: external_definition "One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001133", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+vein", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001133", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0034090

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007616
name: layer of synovial tissue
def: "A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]." [BTO:0001338, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578563/synovial-tissue]
xref: BTO:0001338 ! synovial tissue
xref: FMA:66762 ! Synovial membrane
synonym: "synovial tissue" RELATED [BTO:0001338]
synonym: "stratum synoviale" NARROW [FMA:TA]
synonym: "synovial layer" NARROW  [FMA:66762]
synonym: "synovial membrane" NARROW [FMA:66762]
is_a: UBERON:0002384 {source="BTO"} ! connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0001090 ! synovial fluid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002018 ! synovial membrane of synovial joint
name: synovial membrane of synovial joint
def: "Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints)." [Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "synovial membrane" BROAD [AEO:0000181]
synonym: "synovial layer" BROAD  [FMA:66762]
synonym: "synovium" BROAD [VHOG:0001282, BTO:0001823]
synonym: "membrana synovialis capsulae articularis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane]
xref: FMA:9865 ! Synovial membrane of articular capsule of synovial joint
xref: GAID:264 ! synovial membrane
xref: VHOG:0001282 ! synovium
xref: MA:0000114 ! synovium
xref: ncithesaurus:Synovial_Membrane ! Synovial Membrane
xref: BTO:0001823 ! synovium (also: UBERON:0011233 'synovial membrane of synovial tendon sheath')
xref: EFO:0001393 ! synovial membrane
xref: galen:SynovialMembrane ! synovial membrane
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003181 ! synovial membrane
xref: AEO:0000181 ! synovial membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synovium.png/200px-Synovium.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.443.800 ! synovial membrane
xref: EV:0100143 ! synovium
is_a: UBERON:0007616 {source="FMA"} ! synovial tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000486 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002217 {source="EHDAA2"} ! synovial joint
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001484 {source="GAID"} ! articular capsule
relationship: has_part CL:0000214 ! synovial cell
synonym: "stratum synoviale" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:66762]
xref: SCTID:361828005 ! Entire synovial membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Joint.png
synonym: "synovial membrane of articular capsule of synovial joint" RELATED [FMA:9865]
synonym: "synovial layer of articular capsule of synovial joint" RELATED [FMA:9865]
synonym: "synovium of articular capsule of synovial joint" RELATED [FMA:9865]
property_value: homology_notes "Phylogenetically, synovium is one of the newer attributes of the vertebrate locomotor apparatus. The first synovial joints developed in the piscine jaw of ancestors of modern lungfish by an evolutionary process that modified preexisting fibrous and cartilaginous joints, which were the predominant articulation of the early sea- and land-dwelling vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001282", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:11068553 O'Connel JX\, Pathology of the synovium. American Journal of Clinical Pathology (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0039099
xref: CALOHA:TS-0998 ! Synovium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002019
name: accessory XI nerve
def: "a nerve that controls specific muscles of the shoulder and neck." [Wikipedia:Spinal_accessory_nerve]
comment: Taxon notes: In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve[GO]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "accessory nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "accessory nerve [XI]" EXACT []
synonym: "accessory XI nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "cervical accessory nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal accessory nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal part of accessory nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "Willis' nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "accessory XI" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000106]
synonym: "cranial nerve XI" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_812]
synonym: "eleventh cranial nerve" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_812]
synonym: "spinal accessory nerve" EXACT [FMA:6720]
xref: FMA:6720 ! spinal accessory nerve
xref: GAID:825 ! accessory nerve
xref: MA:0001088 ! accessory XI nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_812 ! Accessory nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Accessory_Nerve ! Accessory Nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwTEwI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! accessory nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/200px-Gray791.png
xref: EHDAA2:0000106 ! accessory XI
xref: EMAPA:17265 ! accessory XI of cranial of nerve of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17159 ! accessory XI of nerve of spinal
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.060 ! accessory nerve
xref: VHOG:0000699 ! accessory XI cranial nerve
xref: EHDAA:2855 ! accessory XI
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
synonym: "nervus accessorius [xi]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6720]
synonym: "pars spinalis nervus accessorius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6720]
xref: AAO:0010476 ! 11 accessorius nerve
xref: SCTID:362469008 ! Entire accessory nerve
xref: XAO:0004214 ! cranial nerve XI
property_value: external_definition "Small motor nerve which innervates a single pectoral suspensory muscle, the m. cucullaris.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010476", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
synonym: "CN-XI" RELATED [VHOG:0000699]
property_value: external_definition "Cranial nerve that innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius complex of muscles. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-1, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000699", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Cranial nerves XI and XII evolved in the common ancestor to amniotes (non-amphibian tetrapods) thus totalling twelve pairs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000699", ontology="VHOG", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0000905

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009673
name: accessory XI nerve cranial component
comment: Editors/usage notes: May be obsoleted in future. WP states: Traditional descriptions of the accessory nerve divide it into two parts: a spinal part and a cranial part.[1] But because the cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve and serves the same function as other vagal nerve fibers, modern descriptions often consider the cranial component part of the vagus nerve and not part of the accessory nerve proper.[2] Thus in contemporary discussions of the accessory nerve, the common practice is to dismiss the cranial part altogether, referring to the accessory nerve specifically as the spinal accessory nerve.
is_a: UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002019 {source="MA"} ! accessory XI nerve
xref: MA:0001089 ! accessory XI nerve cranial component
xref: EHDAA2:0000107 ! accessory XI nerve cranial component
xref: VHOG:0001174 ! accessory XI nerve cranial component
xref: EMAPA:17266 ! cranial component
xref: EHDAA:5574
property_value: homology_notes "Cranial nerves XI and XII evolved in the common ancestor to amniotes (non-amphibian tetrapods) thus totalling twelve pairs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001174", ontology="VHOG", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009674
name: accessory XI nerve spinal component
is_a: UBERON:0001780 {source="MA"} ! spinal nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002019 {source="EHDAA2"} ! accessory XI nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0000108 ! accessory XI nerve spinal component
xref: MA:0001090 ! accessory XI nerve spinal component
xref: VHOG:0001115 ! accessory XI nerve spinal component
xref: EMAPA:17160 ! spinal component
xref: EHDAA:5576 ! spinal component
property_value: homology_notes "Cranial nerves XI and XII evolved in the common ancestor to amniotes (non-amphibian tetrapods) thus totalling twelve pairs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001115", ontology="VHOG", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002020
name: gray matter of neuraxis
def: "Heterogeneous cluster of neural somas in the brain and the spinal cord." [Wikipedia:Gray_matter]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "gray matter" EXACT []
synonym: "grey matter" EXACT []
synonym: "grey substance" EXACT []
synonym: "gray mater" RELATED [ZFA:0001681]
synonym: "neuronal grey matter" EXACT [AEO:0001012]
xref: FMA:67242 ! Gray matter of neuraxis
xref: MA:0001112 ! grey matter
xref: ZFA:0001681 ! grey matter
xref: ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter ! Gray Matter
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwDdKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! grey matter
xref: EHDAA2:0003136 ! grey matter
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004658  ! neuronal grey matter
xref: AEO:0001012 ! neuronal grey matter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/200px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
synonym: "substantia grisea" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:67242]
xref: TAO:0002197 ! grey matter
xref: VHOG:0001768 ! grey matter
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002197", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0018220

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002021
name: occipital lobe
def: "Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure." [Wikipedia:Occipital_lobe]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "occipital cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "occipital neocortex" EXACT [DHB:Ocx]
xref: BTO:0000293
xref: EFO:0000915 ! occipital lobe
xref: FMA:67325 ! Occipital lobe
xref: GAID:678 ! occipital lobe
xref: MA:0000913 ! occipital cortex
xref: MAT:0000507 ! occipital lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Occipital_Lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1136 ! Occipital lobe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9OFy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9OFy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! occipital lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray727_occipital_lobe.png/200px-Gray727_occipital_lobe.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.571 ! occipital lobe
xref: EV:0100170 ! occipital lobe
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
synonym: "regio occipitalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:67325]
xref: SCTID:180923002 ! Entire occipital lobe
synonym: "lobus occipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipital_lobe]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray727_occipital_lobe.png
xref: UMLS:C0028785

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002022
name: insula
def: "The insula is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes." [Wikipedia:Insular_cortex]
comment: AO notes: two classes in ncit, Central_Lobe is part of temporal lobe
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central lobe" EXACT  [FMA:67329]
synonym: "cortex of island" EXACT  [FMA:67329]
synonym: "insula lobule" EXACT  [FMA:67329]
synonym: "insular cortex" EXACT  [FMA:67329]
synonym: "insular lobe" EXACT  [FMA:67329]
synonym: "insular region" EXACT  [FMA:67329]
synonym: "island of Reil" EXACT  [FMA:67329]
synonym: "lobus insularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:67329]
synonym: "insular cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1117]
synonym: "insulary cortex" RELATED [BTO:0001105]
xref: BTO:0001105
xref: FMA:67329 ! Insula
xref: MA:0000909 ! insular cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1117 ! Insula
xref: ncithesaurus:Insula ! Insula
xref: ncithesaurus:Central_Lobe ! Central Lobe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvpK5WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! insula
xref: EV:0100172 ! insula
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-Ins ! insular cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 {source="NIF", source="BTO"} ! cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 {source="FMA"} ! cerebral hemisphere
xref: SCTID:279201009 ! Entire insula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray731.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002023
name: claustrum of brain
def: "one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula[BTO]. The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin (fraction of 1 mm to multiple mms) vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. The claustrum is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex and is considered by some sources to be part of the basal ganglia. There are lateral and medial tracts connecting to many cortices and perhaps to the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the caudate nucleus (connections with subcortical centers are a matter of debate)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Claustrum, BTO:0004292]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal claustrum" EXACT  [FMA:67440]
synonym: "dorsal portion of claustrum" EXACT  [FMA:67440]
synonym: "claustrum" EXACT [MA:0000888]
xref: FMA:67440 ! Claustrum
xref: MA:0000888 ! claustrum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1522 ! Claustrum
xref: ncithesaurus:Claustrum ! Claustrum
xref: BTO:0004292 ! claustrum
xref: EV:0100183 ! claustrum
xref: ABA:CLA ! Claustrum
xref: BM:Tel-Cl ! claustrum
is_a: UBERON:0002420 {source="FMA"} ! basal ganglion
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006098 {source="NIF"} ! basal nuclear complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000203 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! pallium
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002887 {source="ABA"} ! basal amygdaloid nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006107 {source="ABA"} ! basolateral amygdaloid nuclear complex
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002729 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! claustral amygdaloid area
xref: SCTID:279410004 ! Entire claustrum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0008910

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002729
name: claustral amygdaloid area
synonym: "claustrum diffusa" EXACT [FMA:61869]
synonym: "claustrum parvum" EXACT [FMA:61869]
synonym: "ventral claustrum" EXACT [FMA:61869]
synonym: "ventral portion of claustrum" EXACT [FMA:61869]
xref: FMA:61869 ! Claustral amygdaloid area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1515 ! Claustral amygdaloid area
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 {source="FMA"} ! amygdala
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006098 {source="NIF"} ! basal nuclear complex
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002023 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! claustrum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006098
name: basal nuclear complex
def: "The deep nuclei found in the basal forebrain." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629]
synonym: "basal ganglia" RELATED INCONSISTENT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629]
synonym: "basal nuclei" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629]
synonym: "basal nuclei of the forebrain" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1629 ! Basal nuclear complex
xref: EV:0100182 ! basal nuclei
is_a: UBERON:0002780 ! regional part of forebrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002743 ! basal forebrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002024
name: internal carotid nerve plexus
def: "The internal carotid plexus (carotid plexus) is situated on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery, and in the plexus there occasionally exists a small gangliform swelling, the carotid ganglion, on the under surface of the artery. Postganglionic sympathetic fibres ascend from the superior cervical ganglion, along the walls of the internal carotid artery, to enter the internal carotid plexus. These fibres then distribute to deep structures, which include the levator palpebrae superioris and pupillary dilator muscles. Some of the fibres from the internal carotid plexus converge to form the deep petrosal nerve. The internal carotid plexus communicates with the semilunar ganglion, the abducent nerve, and the sphenopalatine ganglion; it distributes filaments to the wall of the carotid artery, and also communicates with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_nerve_plexus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "internal carotid plexus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:67533 ! Internal carotid nerve plexus
xref: MA:0001162 ! internal carotid nerve plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Carotid_Nerve_Plexus ! Internal Carotid Nerve Plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray840.png/200px-Gray840.png
is_a: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
synonym: "plexus caroticus internus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:67533]
xref: SCTID:280509006 ! Entire internal carotid plexus
xref: UMLS:C0459526

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003055 ! periderm
name: periderm
def: "A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis." [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
comment: Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "epidermis outer layer" RELATED []
synonym: "epidermis epithelial layer" RELATED []
synonym: "EVL" RELATED [ZFA:0001185]
synonym: "periderm" RELATED []
synonym: "skin periderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001846]
xref: XAO:0000029 ! epidermis outer layer
xref: ZFA:0001185 ! periderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001846 ! skin periderm
xref: EHDAA:6538 ! periderm
xref: VHOG:0001680 ! periderm
is_a: UBERON:0000487 {source="EHDAA2"} ! simple squamous epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007383 {source="ZFA"} ! enveloping layer of ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 {source="EHDAA2"} ! integument
xref: ncithesaurus:Periderm ! Periderm
xref: TAO:0001185 ! periderm
property_value: external_definition "The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001185", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001185", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
xref: UMLS:C1518973

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007383 ! enveloping layer of ectoderm
name: enveloping layer of ectoderm
def: "Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Originallu this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576, ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
synonym: "enveloping layer" EXACT [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]
synonym: "EVL" EXACT [ZFA:0000086]
xref: TAO:0000086 ! EVL
xref: ZFA:0000086 ! EVL
xref: EFO:0003425 ! enveloping layer
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
property_value: external_definition "Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000086", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000086", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002027 ! stratum corneum of epidermis
name: stratum corneum of epidermis
def: "outermost cornified layer of the epidermis, composed of large, flat, polyhedral, plate-like envelopes filled with keratin, which is made up of dead cells that have migrated up from the stratum granulosum." [Wikipedia:Stratum_corneum]
comment: Note that some oral epitehlium also has cornified layer / stratum corneum
synonym: "horny layer of epidermis" EXACT [FMA:67545]
synonym: "cornified layer" EXACT []
synonym: "epidermis stratum corneum" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum corneum" BROAD []
synonym: "horny layer" BROAD [BTO:0000344]
xref: FMA:67545 ! Horny layer of epidermis
xref: MA:0000804 ! epidermis stratum corneum
xref: BTO:0000344 ! stratum corneum
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Corneum ! Stratum Corneum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Skinlayers.png/200px-Skinlayers.png
is_a: UBERON:0003055 ! outermost layer of epidermis
relationship: has_part CL:0002153 {source="FMA"} ! corneocyte
relationship: site_of GO:0031424 ! keratinization
xref: AAO:0010597 ! stratum corneum
xref: SCTID:361695002 ! Entire stratum corneum
synonym: "stratum corneum epidermidis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stratum_corneum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Epidermal_layers.png
property_value: external_definition "The keratinized outermost layer of the epidermis, which is periodically shed.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010597", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:CAM"}
property_value: external_definition "this skin layer is composed mainly of dead cells that lack nuclei. As these dead cells slough off on the surface in the thin air-filled stratum disjunctum, they are continuously replaced by new cells from the stratum germinativum (basale). In the human forearm, for example, about 1300 cells/cm2/hr are shed. This outer layer that is sloughed off is also known as the stratum dysjunctum. Cells of the stratum corneum contain keratin, a protein that helps keep the skin hydrated by preventing water evaporation. These cells can also absorb water, further aiding in hydration, and explaining why humans and other animals experience wrinkling of the skin on the fingers and toes ('pruning') when immersed in water for prolonged periods. In addition, this layer is responsible for the 'spring back' or stretchy properties of skin. A weak glutenous protein bond pulls the skin back to its natural shape. The thickness of the stratum corneum varies according to the amount of protection and/or grip required by a region of the body. For example, the hands are typically used to grasp objects, requiring the palms to be covered with a thick stratum corneum. In a similar manner, the sole of the foot is prone to injury, and so it is protected with a thick stratum corneum layer. In general, the stratum corneum contains 15 to 20 layers of dead cells. The stratum corneum has a thickness between 10 and 40 μm. n reptiles, the stratum corneum is permanent, and is replaced only during times of rapid growth, in a process called ecdysis or moulting. The stratum corneum in reptiles contains beta-keratin, which provides a much more rigid skin layer." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum_corneum"}
xref: UMLS:C0221921

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002071
name: stratum lucidum of epidermis
def: "the layer of lightly staining corneocytes found between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers; found primarily in the thick epidermis of the palmar and plantar skin and is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes." [MP:0009610, Wikipedia:Stratum_lucidum]
comment: Located between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers, it is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes. The keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum do not feature distinct boundaries and are filled with eleidin, an intermediate form of keratin.
synonym: "epidermis stratum lucidum" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum conjunctum of epidermis" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum lucidum" BROAD [BTO:0000364]
xref: FMA:70540 ! Stratum lucidum of epidermis
xref: MA:0000806 ! epidermis stratum lucidum
xref: BTO:0000364 ! stratum lucidum
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002027 ! stratum corneum of epidermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002069 ! stratum granulosum of epidermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Lucidum ! Stratum Lucidum (also: UBERON:0007637 'hippocampus stratum lucidum')
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Conjunctum ! stratum conjunctum
xref: SCTID:419156002 ! Entire stratum lucidum (also: UBERON:0007637 'hippocampus stratum lucidum')
xref: UMLS:C1514985
xref: UMLS:C0221922

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002069 ! stratum granulosum of epidermis
name: stratum granulosum of epidermis
def: "A layer of the epidermis found between the stratum corneum (and possibly stratum lucidum) and stratum spinosum.[1] In this layer, keratinocytes are now called granular cells, and contain keratohyalin and lamellar granules." [Wikipedia:Stratum_granulosum]
synonym: "epidermis granular layer" RELATED []
synonym: "epidermis stratum granulosum" EXACT []
synonym: "granular layer of epidermis" EXACT [FMA:70344]
synonym: "stratum granulosum" EXACT [BTO:0000361]
xref: FMA:70344 ! Granular layer of epidermis
xref: MA:0000805 ! epidermis stratum granulosum
xref: BTO:0000361 ! stratum granulosum
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Granulosum ! Stratum Granulosum
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000712 ! stratum granulosum cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002026 ! stratum spinosum of epidermis
xref: SCTID:418563001 ! Entire stratum granulosum
xref: UMLS:C0221923

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002026 ! stratum spinosum of epidermis
name: stratum spinosum of epidermis
def: "a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. Has cells that produce and secrete bipolar lipids which prevent evaporation, helping to 'water-proof' the skin. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum." [Wikipedia:Stratum_spinosum]
synonym: "epidermis prickle cell layer" RELATED []
synonym: "epidermis stratum spinosum" EXACT []
synonym: "squamous cell layer of epidermis" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum malphighii" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum spinosum" EXACT []
synonym: "prickle cell layer" RELATED [BTO:0000435]
synonym: "prickle cell layer of epidermis" EXACT [FMA:67542]
xref: FMA:67542 ! Prickle cell layer of epidermis
xref: MA:0000807 ! epidermis stratum spinosum
xref: BTO:0000435 ! stratum spinosum
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Spinosum ! Stratum Spinosum
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002025 ! stratum basale of epidermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002069 ! stratum granulosum of epidermis
xref: SCTID:420086000 ! Entire stratum spinosum
xref: UMLS:C0221924

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002025
name: stratum basale of epidermis
def: "Deepest layer of the layers of the epidermis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Stratum_germinativum]
comment: consisting of non-keratinized, viable cells, in contrast to the outer (upper) layer of epidermis made up of keratinized, anucleated, non-viable cells
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "epidermis basal layer" RELATED []
synonym: "epidermis stratum basale" EXACT []
synonym: "epidermis stratum germinativum" RELATED []
synonym: "stratum basalis of epidermis" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum germinativum" EXACT []
synonym: "stratum Malphighi" EXACT []
synonym: "rete Malphighii" EXACT []
synonym: "Malpighian layer" RELATED [BTO:0000438]
synonym: "basal cell layer of epidermis" EXACT [FMA:67540]
synonym: "basal cell layer of skin" RELATED  []
xref: BTO:0000438 ! stratum germinativum 
xref: FMA:67540 ! Basal cell layer of epidermis
xref: MA:0000803 ! epidermis stratum basale
xref: XAO:0000041 ! epidermis inner layer
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: has_part CL:0002187 {source="FMA"} ! basal cell of epidermis
xref: AAO:0010598 ! stratum germinativum
xref: SCTID:419481005 ! Entire stratum germinativum
xref: ZFA:0001180 ! epidermal basal stratum
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Basale ! stratum basale
xref: ncithesaurus:Rete_Malpighii ! rete malpighii
xref: TAO:0001180 ! epidermal basal stratum
synonym: "epidermal basal stratum" EXACT [TAO:0001180]
xref: UMLS:C0221925

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002029
name: epithelium of gall bladder
def: "the simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder." [MP:0009492]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "biliary epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "gall bladder epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:67711 ! Epithelium of gall bladder
xref: MA:0001632 ! gall bladder epithelium
xref: BTO:0001449 ! gall bladder epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Epithelium ! Gallbladder Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002110 ! gallbladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002110 ! gallbladder
xref: UMLS:C1180206

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002030
name: nipple
def: "Projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip." [Wikipedia:Nipple, FMA:67771]
comment: Notes: a male mouse has no nipples - mammary tissue regresses during embryonic development. FMA makes this part of the breast, whereas in MA it is part of the mammary gland - 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "papilla mammae" EXACT [MP:0009723]
synonym: "papilla of breast" EXACT []
synonym: "papillary part of breast" EXACT []
synonym: "teat" EXACT []
synonym: "thele" EXACT [MP:0009723]
synonym: "thelium" EXACT [MP:0009723]
xref: BTO:0000821
xref: FMA:67771 ! Nipple
xref: GAID:35 ! nipple
xref: MA:0000796 ! nipple
xref: ncithesaurus:Nipple
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: galen:Nipple ! nipple
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nipple
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Female_nipple_profile.jpg/200px-Female_nipple_profile.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.236.500 ! nipple
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001911 {source="MA", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:10090", source="ISBN10:0123813611"} ! mammary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000310 {source="FMA"} ! breast
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008425 {source="Stedmans"} ! mammary ridge
xref: SCTID:265780004 ! Entire nipple
synonym: "papilla mammaria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nipple]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Female_nipple_profile.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0028109

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012103
name: suspensory ligament of breast
def: "Cooper's ligaments (also known as the suspensory ligaments of Cooper and the fibrocollagenous septa) are connective tissue in the breast that helps maintain structural integrity. Transmission diffraction tomography can reveal the anatomy. Cooper's Suspensory Ligament should not be confused with the pectineal ligament (sometimes called the inguinal ligament of Cooper) which shares the same eponym." [Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments]
comment: Connects skin of mammary gland with deep fascia
synonym: "Cooper's ligament" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments]
synonym: "ligament of Cooper" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments]
synonym: "suspensory ligament of the breast" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments]
synonym: "suspensory ligaments of breast" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments]
synonym: "suspensory ligaments of the breast" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments]
synonym: "retinaculum cutis mammae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "suspensory ligament of cooper" EXACT  [FMA:58040]
synonym: "suspensory retinaculum of breast" EXACT  [FMA:58040]
is_a: UBERON:0000158 {source="FMA"} ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005200 ! thoracic mammary gland
xref: FMA:58040 ! suspensory ligament of breast
xref: SCTID:279011006 ! Entire suspensory ligament of breast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002031
name: epithelium of bronchus
def: "An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "bronchial epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchus epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchi epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EFO:0000307 ! bronchial epithelium
xref: FMA:67782 ! Epithelium of bronchus
xref: MA:0001839 ! bronchus epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Epithelium ! Bronchial Epithelium
xref: BTO:0001845 ! bronchial epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: has_part CL:0002209 {source="FMA"} ! intermediate epitheliocyte
xref: UMLS:C0599333

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002032
name: areola
def: "Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle and modified sebaceous glands and which surrounds the nipple.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Areola, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "areolae" RELATED PLURAL []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:67796 ! Areola
xref: MA:0000788 ! areola
xref: ncithesaurus:Areola
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvrcOL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! areola
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Brustwarze.JPG/200px-Brustwarze.JPG
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001911 {source="MA"} ! mammary gland
synonym: "areola mammae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Areola]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Female_Areola.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "areolar" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0222608

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002033
name: arrector muscle of hair
def: "tiny muscle fiber attached to each hair follicle, which contract to make the hairs stand on end, causing goose bumps. They exist in most mammals including humans." [Wikipedia:Arrector_pili_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arectores pilorum" RELATED  [BTO:0005132]
synonym: "erector pili" RELATED  [BTO:0005132]
synonym: "erectores pilorum" RELATED [BTO:0005132]
synonym: "pilomotor muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0005132]
synonym: "arrector pilli" EXACT [MP:0010679]
synonym: "arrector pili" EXACT [FMA:67821, MA:0000778]
synonym: "arrector pili muscle" EXACT [EMAPA:26779, MP:0010679]
synonym: "arrector pilli muscle" EXACT [MP:0010679]
synonym: "arrector pili smooth muscle" EXACT [MA:0000778]
xref: FMA:67821 ! Arrector muscle of hair
xref: MA:0000778 ! arrector pili smooth muscle
xref: EMAPA:26775 ! arrector pili muscle of hair
xref: BTO:0005132 ! arrector pili muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="FMA"} ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002073 ! hair follicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011932 {source="FMA"} ! pilosebaceous unit
xref: SCTID:319910005 ! Entire arrector pili muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011940
name: arrector pili muscle of vibrissa
intersection_of: UBERON:0002033 ! arrector muscle of hair
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006378 ! vibrissa hair
xref: EMAPA:26771 ! arrector pili muscle of vibrissa
xref: EMAPA:26779 ! arrector pili muscle of sinus hair
def: "An arrector muscle of hair that is part of a vibrissa hair." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002034
name: suprachiasmatic nucleus
def: "The suprachiasmatic nucleus, or nuclei, (SCN), a tiny region on the brain's midline in a shallow impression of the optic chiasm, is responsible for controlling endogenous circadian rhythms. The neuronal and hormonal activities it generates regulate many different body functions over a 24-hour period. The SCN, pine cone shaped and the size of a grain of rice, interacts with many other regions of the brain. It contains several cell types and several different peptides and neurotransmitters. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Suprachiasmatic_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "SCN" RELATED [BTO:0001822]
xref: FMA:67883 ! Suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: GAID:645 ! suprachiasmatic nucleu
xref: VHOG:0000036 ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: MA:0000843 ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1325 ! Suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: TAO:0000441 ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000441 ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Suprachiasmatic_Nucleus ! Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
xref: BTO:0001822 ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: EFO:0002475 ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.342.625 ! suprachiasmatic nucleu
xref: EV:0100228 ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: ABA:SCH ! Suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Hy-SCN ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002272 ! medial zone of hypothalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001928 ! preoptic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002690 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral periventricular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001934 {source="ABA"} ! dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002625 {source="ABA"} ! median preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002689 {source="ABA"} ! supraoptic crest
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007626 {source="ABA"} ! subparaventricular zone
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002219 {source="ABA"} ! subfornical organ
xref: SCTID:369132004 ! Entire suprachiasmatic nucleus
xref: XAO:0004072 ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
synonym: "nucleus suprachiasmaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Suprachiasmatic_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0038866

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002038
name: substantia nigra
def: "Subdivision of the midbrain anterior to the midbrain tegmentum which contains darkly pigmented neurons[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Substantia_nigra, FMA:67947]
comment: TODO: In BTO and NIF, part of basal ganglion which is part of telencephalon - but this is inconsistent with being part of midbrain, if these are spatially disjoint, as in ABA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "substancia nigra" RELATED [Wikipedia:Substantia_nigra]
synonym: "nucleus of basis pedunculi" EXACT []
synonym: "Soemmering's substance" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000143
xref: EFO:0000922 ! substantia nigra
xref: FMA:67947 ! Substantia nigra
xref: GAID:581 ! substantia nigra
xref: MA:0000210 ! substantia nigra
xref: MAT:0000504 ! substantia nigra
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_789 ! Substantia nigra
xref: ncithesaurus:Substantia_Nigra ! Substantia Nigra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Midbraincrosssection.png/200px-Midbraincrosssection.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.687 ! substantia nigra
xref: EV:0100247 ! substantia nigra
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001891 {source="multiple"} ! midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002420 {source="NIF"} ! basal ganglion
xref: SCTID:279286002 ! Entire substantia nigra
xref: EHDAA2:0004711 ! substantia nigra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Midbraincrosssection.png
xref: VHOG:0001573 ! substantia nigra
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the substantia nigra first appears in reptiles and is best developed in primates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001573", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.336", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001891 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! midbrain
xref: UMLS:C0038590

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012193
name: phrenic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="MA"} ! vein
xref: MA:0002194 ! phrenic vein
xref: UMLS:C1709532

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002039
name: inferior phrenic vein
def: "The Inferior Phrenic Veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; the right ends in the inferior vena cava; the left is often represented by two branches, one of which ends in the left renal or suprarenal vein, while the other passes in front of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and opens into the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:68068 ! Inferior phrenic vein
xref: MA:0002195 ! inferior phrenic vein
is_a: UBERON:0012193 {source="MA"} ! phrenic vein
xref: SCTID:286500002 ! Entire inferior phrenic vein
synonym: "venae phrenicae inferiores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray577.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012237
name: superior phrenic vein
def: "The superior phrenic vein, i.e. , the vein accompanying the pericardiacophrenic artery, usually opens into the internal mammary vein." [Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_vein]
is_a: UBERON:0012193 {source="cjm"} ! phrenic vein
xref: FMA:78121 ! superior phrenic vein
xref: SCTID:198356008 ! Entire superior phrenic vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002040
name: bronchial artery
def: "In human anatomy, the bronchial arteries help supply the lungs with oxygenated blood. Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bronchial arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:68109 ! Bronchial artery
xref: GAID:477 ! bronchial artery
xref: MA:0001923 ! bronchial artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4r4sy0UiNbEd2AAAACs6hRXg
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Artery ! Bronchial Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4r4sy0UiNbEd2AAAACs6hRXg ! bronchial artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray1032.png/200px-Gray1032.png
xref: EMAPA:18608 ! bronchial artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.158 ! bronchial artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002048 ! lung
xref: SCTID:244247009 ! Entire bronchial artery
synonym: "rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae, arteriae bronchiales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray1032.png
xref: UMLS:C0006257

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002041
name: terminal bronchus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:68416 ! Terminal bronchus
xref: MA:0000440 ! terminal bronchus
is_a: UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002042
name: endothelium of lymphatic vessel
def: "An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lymphatic vessel endothelium" EXACT []
synonym: "endothelium of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic endothelium" EXACT [BTO:0004303]
xref: FMA:68444 ! Endothelium of lymphatic vessel
xref: MA:0000750 ! lymphatic vessel endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel_Endothelium ! Lymphatic Vessel Endothelium
xref: ZFA:0005258 ! lymph vessel endothelium
xref: BTO:0004303 ! lymphatic endothelium
xref: MESH:A10.272.491.332 ! lymphatic endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: has_part CL:0002138 {source="FMA"} ! endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel
xref: TAO:0005258 ! lymph vessel endothelium
property_value: external_definition "The vascular endothelium that lines the lymph vessels.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005258", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C1180786

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002044
name: ventral nucleus of posterior commissure
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "Darkshevich's nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:68464]
synonym: "nucleus of Darkschewitsch" EXACT  [FMA:68464]
xref: FMA:68464 ! Ventral nucleus of posterior commissure
xref: MA:0001072 ! nucleus of darkschewitsch
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_896 ! Nucleus of Darkschewitsch
xref: ABA:ND ! Nucleus of Darkschewitsch
xref: BM:MB-D ! nucleus of Darkschewitsch
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 {source="FMA"} ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002551 {source="ABA"} ! interstitial nucleus of cajal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002045
name: cuneate nucleus
def: "One of the dorsal column nuclei, the cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the closed part of the medulla oblongata. It contains cells that give rise to the cuneate tubercle, visible on the posterior aspect of the medulla. It lies laterally to the gracile nucleus and medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cuneate_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Burdach's nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "burdachs nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2640]
synonym: "cuneate" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2640]
xref: FMA:68465 ! Cuneate nucleus
xref: MA:0001035 ! cuneate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2640 ! Cuneate nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Cuneate_Nucleus ! Cuneate Nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray691.png/200px-Gray691.png
xref: ABA:CU ! Cuneate nucleus
xref: BM:Me-Cu ! cuneate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002161 {source="ABA"} ! gracile nucleus
synonym: "nucleus cuneatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cuneate_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray691.png
xref: SCTID:369072005 ! Entire nucleus cuneatus
xref: UMLS:C0228548

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005305
name: thyroid follicle
def: "Discrete, cystlike units of the thyroid gland that are lined with cuboidal epithelium and are filled with a colloid substance, about 30 to each lobule[BTO]." [BTO:0004708]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "thyroid gland follicle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0004708 ! thyroid follicle
xref: FMA:68805 ! Thyroid follicle
xref: MA:0000726 ! thyroid gland follicle
xref: TAO:0001072 ! thyroid follicle
xref: ZFA:0001072 ! thyroid follicle
xref: EMAPA:19307 ! colloid-filled follicles
xref: EMAPA:19308 ! colloid-filled follicles
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! part_of thyroid gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Follicle ! Thyroid Gland Follicle
xref: SCTID:176685006 ! Entire thyroid follicle
xref: UMLS:C0229577

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012246
name: thyroid follicular lumen
def: "A follicular lumen is the closed cavity within a follicle of the thyroid gland. It is surrounded by follicular cells and filled with colloid, a concentrated solution of thyroglobulin" [Wikipedia:Follicular_lumen]
synonym: "follicular lumen" BROAD [Wikipedia:Follicular_lumen]
synonym: "thyroid follicle lumen" EXACT  [FMA:68829]
synonym: "thyroid follicular space" EXACT  [FMA:68829]
synonym: "lumen of thyroid follicle" EXACT [FMA:68829]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464  ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0005305  ! thyroid follicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005305  ! thyroid follicle
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0012363 ! thyroid follicle epithelium
xref: FMA:68829 ! lumen of thyroid follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012363 ! thyroid follicle epithelium
name: thyroid follicle epithelium
synonym: "thryoid epithelium" BROAD []
synonym: "epithelium of thyroid follicle" EXACT [FMA:68783]
synonym: "thyroid follicle epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:68783]
synonym: "wall of thyroid follicle" EXACT  [FMA:68783]
is_a: UBERON:0000484 {source="FMA"} ! simple cuboidal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005305 ! thyroid follicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007689 ! thyroid diverticulum
xref: FMA:68783 ! epithelium of thyroid follicle
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="doi:10.1177/0192623311409597", notes="As in mammals, the thyroid follicles of the zebrafish are usually round to oval, with low cuboidal epithelium. In contrast to mammals, the follicles are not concentrated together but are diffusely distributed along the ventral aorta."} ! Danio rerio

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012364
name: colloid of thyroid follicle
def: "portion of substance contained within the thyroid follicle lumen. Contains prohormone thyroglobulin." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "thyroid colloid" EXACT  [FMA:68831]
synonym: "thyroid follicle colloid" EXACT  [FMA:68831]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 {source="FMA"} ! portion of organism substance
relationship: located_in UBERON:0012246 ! thyroid follicular lumen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005305 ! thyroid follicle
relationship: has_part PR:000016283 ! thyroglobulin
xref: FMA:68831 ! colloid of thyroid follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002046
name: thyroid gland
def: "A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Thyroid, BTO:0001379]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "thyroid" EXACT []
synonym: "glandula thyroidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroid]
xref: BTO:0001379 ! thyroid gland
xref: EFO:0000861 ! thyroid
xref: EHDAA:2148 ! thyroid
xref: EHDAA:2975 ! thyroid
xref: FMA:9603 ! Thyroid gland
xref: GAID:465 ! thyroid gland
xref: VHOG:0000418 ! thyroid
xref: MA:0000129 ! thyroid gland
xref: MAT:0000081 ! thyroid
xref: MIAA:0000081 ! thyroid
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000162 ! thyroid
xref: galen:ThyroidGland ! thyroid gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! thyroid
xref: EHDAA2:0002028 ! thyroid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Illu_endocrine_system.jpg/200px-Illu_endocrine_system.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17068 ! thyroid of gland of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18827 ! thyroid of gland of gut
xref: MESH:A06.407.900 ! thyroid gland
xref: EV:0100133 ! thyroid
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007689 ! thyroid diverticulum
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
relationship: site_of GO:0006590 ! thyroid hormone generation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="Wikipedia:Endostyle"} ! Chordata
relationship: capable_of GO:0036161 {source="Wikipedia"} ! calcitonin secretion
relationship: has_function_in GO:0055074 {source="Wikipedia"} ! calcium ion homeostasis
xref: AAO:0010544 ! thyroid gland
xref: SCTID:181117000 ! Entire thyroid gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg
property_value: taxon_notes "In fish, it is usually located below the gills and is not always divided into distinct lobes. However, in some teleosts, patches of thyroid tissue are found elsewhere in the body, associated with the kidneys, spleen, heart, or eyes" xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:32443", source="Romer", source="Wikipedia:Thyroid_gland#Other_animals"}
property_value: taxon_notes "In tetrapods, the thyroid is always found somewhere in the neck region. In most tetrapod species, there are two paired thyroid glands - that is, the right and left lobes are not joined together. However, there is only ever a single thyroid gland in most mammals, and the shape found in humans is common to many other species" xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:32523", source="Romer", source="Wikipedia:Thyroid_gland#Other_animals"}
property_value: taxon_notes "In larval lampreys, the thyroid originates as an exocrine gland, secreting its hormones into the gut, and associated with the larva's filter-feeding apparatus. In the adult lamprey, the gland separates from the gut, and becomes endocrine, but this path of development may reflect the evolutionary origin of the thyroid. For instance, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, the tunicates and Amphioxus, have a structure very similar to that of larval lampreys, and this also secretes iodine-containing compounds (albeit not thyroxine)" xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:7746", source="Romer", source="Wikipedia:Thyroid_gland#Other_animals"}
property_value: external_definition "Either of paired structures located in the throat which develop from the ventral wall of the pharynx and excretes hormones involved in the morphological and functional changes during metamorphosis as well as influencing other tissues.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010544", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (2) a groove in the pharyngeal floor known as the endostyle, or a thyroid gland derived from part of the endostyle (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000418", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0040132

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010233
name: stroma of thyroid gland
def: "the connective tissue that supports the lobules and follicles of the thyroid gland." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/stroma-of-thyroid-gland.html]
synonym: "thyroid gland stroma" EXACT  [FMA:86304]
synonym: "thyroid stroma" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
xref: FMA:86304 ! stroma of thyroid gland
xref: SCTID:157862000 ! Entire stroma of thyroid gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002048
name: lung
def: "Respiration organ present in all air-breathing animals whose principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere[WP]. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax[GO]." [BTO:0000763, Wikipedia:Lung]
synonym: "pulmo" EXACT LATIN []
comment: respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi // Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: major_organ
xref: AAO:0000275 ! lungs
xref: BTO:0000763 ! lung
xref: EHDAA:1554 ! lung
xref: EHDAA:2205 ! lung
xref: FMA:7195 ! Lung
xref: GAID:345 ! lung
xref: MA:0000415 ! lung
xref: MAT:0000135 ! lung
xref: MIAA:0000135 ! lung
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000119 ! lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lung ! Lung (also: UBERON:0000170 'pair of lungs')
xref: EFO:0000934 ! lung (also: UBERON:0000170 'pair of lungs')
xref: galen:Lung ! lung
xref: galen:Lung ! lung
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lung
xref: EHDAA2:0001042 ! lung
xref: EMAPA:16728 ! lung
xref: MESH:A04.411 ! lung
xref: EV:0100042 ! lung
xref: VHOG:0000310 ! lung - swim bladder (also: UBERON:0006860 'swim bladder')
is_a: UBERON:0000171 ! respiration organ
is_a: UBERON:0000117 {source="GO"} ! respiratory tube
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000118 ! lung bud
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000170 {note="some species only have a single lung"} ! pair of lungs
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000170 ! pair of lungs
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0009778 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! pleural sac
xref: AAO:0010567 ! lung
xref: SCTID:181216001 ! Entire lung
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010567", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:SBH"}
property_value: homology_notes "Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000310", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210\, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024019 Zheng W\, Wang Z\, Collins JE\, Andrews RM\, Stemple D\, Gong Z\, Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung. PLoS One (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pulmonary" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0024109

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006876
name: vasculature of organ
synonym: "organ vasculature" EXACT [FMA:74612]
synonym: "set of blood vessels of organ" EXACT [FMA:74612]
subset: non_informative
xref: FMA:74612 ! vasculature of organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000062 ! organ
def: "A vasculature that is part of a organ." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
name: developing anatomical structure
synonym: "developmental tissue" RELATED [MIAA:0000019]
synonym: "developmental structure" RELATED []
synonym: "developing structure" RELATED []
xref: FBbt:00007006 ! developing anatomical structure
xref: MIAA:0000019 ! developmental tissue (also: UBERON:0000922 'embryo')
xref: EHDAA2:0003125 ! developing anatomical structure
xref: AEO:0000125 ! developing anatomical structure (also: UBERON:0002050 'embryonic structure')
is_a: UBERON:0000465 ! material anatomical entity
relationship: capable_of GO:0032502 ! developmental process
xref: CALOHA:TS-2122 ! Developmental tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007688
name: anlage
def: "Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue." [JB:DEF, FBbt:00005426, Wikipedia:Anlage_(biology)]
synonym: "field" RELATED []
xref: AEO:0000170
xref: EHDAA2:0003170 ! anlage
xref: FBbt:00005426 ! anlage
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="FBbt"} ! tissue
is_a: UBERON:0005423 {source="EHDAA2"} ! developing anatomical structure
xref: EFO:0001649 ! anlage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001048
name: primordium
def: "Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt]. An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ." [BTO:0001886, FB:DJS, FB:FBrf0089570, FB:FBrf0178740, Wikipedia:Primordium]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "placode" RELATED [FBbt:00005495]
synonym: "bud" RELATED []
synonym: "rudiment" RELATED []
xref: FBbt:00005495 ! primordium
xref: FMA:86589 ! Primordium
xref: MAT:0000482 ! primordium
xref: XAO:0003043 ! primordium
xref: ncithesaurus:Primordium ! Primordium
xref: BTO:0001886 ! primordium
xref: EFO:0001652 ! primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0003171 ! primordium
xref: AEO:0000171 ! primordium
is_a: UBERON:0005423 {source="EHDAA2"} ! developing anatomical structure
xref: UMLS:C0678727

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
name: embryonic structure
def: "Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo." [BTO:0000174, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Note in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure
subset: inconsistent_with_fma
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "developing structure" RELATED []
synonym: "embryonic anatomical structure" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169]
synonym: "developing embryonic structure" EXACT [FBbt:00004208]
synonym: "embryonale Struktur" RELATED [BTO:0000174]
xref: AAO:0000138 ! embryonic_structure
xref: BILA:0000034
xref: BTO:0000174
xref: EFO:0000461 ! embryonic structure
xref: FMA:69067 ! Embryonic structure
xref: GAID:407 ! embryonic structure
xref: TAO:0001105 ! embryonic structure
xref: XAO:0003042 ! embryonic structure
xref: ZFA:0001105 ! embryonic structure
xref: FBbt:00004208 ! developing embryonic structure
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 ! embryonic anatomical structure
xref: ncithesaurus:Embryonic_Structure ! Embryonic Structure
xref: AEO:0000125 ! developing anatomical structure (also: UBERON:0005423 'developing anatomical structure')
xref: MESH:A16 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: SCTID:667009 ! Embryonic structure
xref: VSAO:0000178 ! embryonic structure
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000138", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001105", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000178", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0013948

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005291 ! embryonic tissue
name: embryonic tissue
def: "A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developing tissue" RELATED []
synonym: "portion of embryonic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
subset: upper_level
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002051
name: epithelium of bronchiole
def: "An epithelium that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Note that in FMA2 and FMA3, lobular bronchiole is an exact synonym of bronchiole; however there are two distinct terms for the corresponding epithelium. 
synonym: "bronchiole epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolar epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0001866]
xref: FMA:69077 ! Epithelium of bronchiole
xref: MA:0001772 ! bronchiole epithelium
xref: FMA:62497 ! Epithelium of lobular bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchiole_Epithelium ! Bronchiole Epithelium
xref: BTO:0001866 ! bronchiolar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0004802 {source="BTO"} ! respiratory tract epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005039 ! mucosa of bronchiole
relationship: has_part CL:0002145 {source="FMA"} ! ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree
xref: UMLS:C1181296

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002052
name: capsule of adrenal gland
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "adrenal gland capsule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:69087 ! Capsule of adrenal gland
xref: MA:0000117 ! adrenal gland capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Gland_Capsule ! Adrenal Gland Capsule
is_a: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
def: "A capsule that surrounds a adrenal gland." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1181304

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002053
name: zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland
def: "The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, lying directly beneath the adrenal gland's capsule. Its cells are ovoid in shape and are arranged in clusters or arches. In response to increased potassium levels, renin or decreased blood flow to the kidneys, cells of the zona glomerulosa produce and secrete the mineralocorticoid aldosterone into the blood as part of the renin-angiotensin system. Aldosterone regulates the body's concentration of electrolytes, primarily sodium and potassium, by acting on the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephrons to: increase sodium reabsorption increase potassium excretion increase water reabsorption through osmosis The enzyme aldosterone synthase acts in this location. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Zona_glomerulosa]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adrenal gland zona glomerulosa" EXACT [MA:0001891]
synonym: "zona glomerulosa" EXACT []
synonym: "zona glomerulosa of suprarenal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "glomerulosa" RELATED [BTO:0000048]
xref: BTO:0000048
xref: FMA:69225 ! Zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland
xref: GAID:449 ! zona glomerulosa
xref: MA:0001891 ! adrenal gland zona glomerulosa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png
xref: MESH:A06.407.071.140.960 ! zona glomerulosa
is_a: UBERON:0009753 {source="MA"} ! adrenal gland cortex zone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001235 ! adrenal cortex
relationship: has_part CL:1000427 {source="FMA"} ! chromaffin cell of adrenal cortex
xref: SCTID:21476003 ! Zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002054
name: zona fasciculata of adrenal gland
def: "The zona fasciculata constitutes the middle zone of the adrenal cortex, sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa. Constituent cells are organized into bundles or 'fascicles'. The zona fasciculata chiefly produces glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol in the human), which regulates the metabolism of glucose, especially in times of stress (e.g. , part of the fight-or-flight response). This tissue also generates a small amount of weak androgens. In certain animals such as rodents, the lack of 17alpha-hydroxylase results in the synthesis of corticosterone instead of cortisol. Steroid-producing adrenal tumours and hyperplasias of the zona fasciculata result in excess cortisol production and are the cause for adrenal Cushing's syndrome. The genetic disorder McCune-Albright syndrome can also present Cushing's syndrome in affected patients. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Zona_fasciculata]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adrenal gland zona fasciculata" EXACT [MA:0001890]
synonym: "zona fasciculata" EXACT [BTO:0000050]
synonym: "zona fasciculata of suprarenal gland" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000050
xref: FMA:69234 ! Zona fasciculata of adrenal gland
xref: GAID:448 ! zona fasciculata
xref: MA:0001890 ! adrenal gland zona fasciculata
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png
xref: MESH:A06.407.071.140.950 ! zona fasciculata
is_a: UBERON:0009753 {source="MA"} ! adrenal gland cortex zone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001235 ! adrenal cortex
relationship: has_part CL:0002136 {source="FMA"} ! type II cell of adrenal cortex
relationship: has_part CL:1000427 {source="FMA"} ! chromaffin cell of adrenal cortex
xref: SCTID:56069004 ! Zona fasciculata of adrenal gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002055
name: zona reticularis of adrenal gland
def: "The zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, lying deep to the zona fasciculata and superficial to the adrenal medulla. The cells are arranged cords that project in different directions giving a net-like appearance (L. reticulum - net). Cells in the zona reticularis produce precursor androgens including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione from cholesterol. DHEA is further converted to DHEA-sulfate via a sulfotransferase, SULT2A1. These precursors are not further converted in the adrenal cortex as the cells lack 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Instead, they are released into the blood stream and taken up in the testis and ovaries to produce testosterone and the estrogens respectively. In some animals like rodents, the reticularis layer does contain 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which along with other enzymes present results in the production of corticosteroids like the fasciculata. In rodents too, the lack of 17alpha-hydroxylase results in the synthesis of corticosterone instead of cortisol as in the human. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Zona_reticularis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adrenal gland zona reticularis" EXACT [MA:0001892]
synonym: "zona reticularis" EXACT []
synonym: "zona reticularis of suprarenal gland" EXACT []
xref: FMA:69236 ! Zona reticularis of adrenal gland
xref: GAID:450 ! zona reticularis
xref: MA:0001892 ! adrenal gland zona reticularis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1185.png/200px-Gray1185.png
xref: MESH:A06.407.071.140.970 ! zona reticularis
is_a: UBERON:0009753 {source="MA"} ! adrenal gland cortex zone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001235 ! adrenal cortex
relationship: has_part CL:0002137 {source="FMA"} ! type III cell of adrenal cortex
relationship: has_part CL:1000427 {source="FMA"} ! chromaffin cell of adrenal cortex
xref: SCTID:47325000 ! Zona reticularis of adrenal gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray1185.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002056
name: inferior suprarenal artery
def: "Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:69264 ! Inferior suprarenal artery
xref: MA:0002056 ! inferior suprarenal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Suprarenal_Artery ! Inferior Suprarenal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray1121.png/200px-Gray1121.png
is_a: UBERON:0005624 ! suprarenal artery
xref: SCTID:303426004 ! Entire inferior suprarenal artery
synonym: "arteria suprarenalis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png
xref: UMLS:C0226334

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002057
name: phrenic artery
def: "An artery that supplies the diaphragm. In humans this includes the superior and inferior phrenic arteries" [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:69330 ! Phrenic artery
xref: MA:0002019 ! phrenic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Artery ! Phrenic Artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm
xref: UMLS:C1181536

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012255
name: inferior phrenic artery
def: "The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin. They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta. They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface. The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus. The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch. The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus. Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively." [Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_arteries]
synonym: "arteriae phrenicae inferiores" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_artery]
synonym: "inferior phrenic artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_arteries]
is_a: UBERON:0004573 {source="FMA"} ! systemic artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia"} ! abdominal aorta
relationship: supplies UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm
xref: FMA:14734 ! inferior phrenic artery
xref: SCTID:244283000 ! Entire inferior phrenic artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray531.png/200px-Gray531.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013133
name: superior phrenic artery
def: "The superior phrenic arteries are small and arise from the lower part of the thoracic aorta; they are distributed to the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm, and anastomose with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries." [Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_artery]
synonym: "arteriae phrenicae superiores" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_artery]
synonym: "superior phrenic branches" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0004573 {source="FMA"} ! systemic artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001515 {source="Wikipedia"} ! thoracic aorta
relationship: supplies UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm
xref: FMA:4163 ! superior phrenic artery
xref: SCTID:198521008 ! Entire superior phrenic artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002058
name: ciliary ganglion
def: "The ciliary ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located in the posterior orbit. It measures 1–2 millimeters in diameter and contains approximately 2,500 neurons. Preganglionic axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus form synapses with these cells. The postganglionic axons run in the short ciliary nerves and innervate two eye muscles: the sphincter pupillae constricts the pupil, known as Miosis. The opposite, Mydriasis, is the dilation of the pupil. the ciliaris muscle contracts, releasing tension on the Zonular Fibers, making the lens more convex, also known as accommodation. Both of these muscles are involuntary – they are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ciliary_ganglion]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:6964 ! Ciliary ganglion
xref: VHOG:0000805 ! ciliary ganglion
xref: MA:0001136 ! ciliary ganglion
xref: EFO:0002559 ! ciliary ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100304 ! Ciliary ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Augennerven.jpg/200px-Augennerven.jpg
xref: EHDAA2:0000251 ! ciliary parasympathetic ganglion
xref: EMAPA:18222 ! ciliary ganglion
xref: EHDAA:5623 ! ciliary
is_a: UBERON:0001808 ! parasympathetic ganglion
xref: SCTID:279281007 ! Entire ciliary ganglion
synonym: "ganglion ciliare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ciliary_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Augennerven.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "Little is known about the development of parasympathetic neurons apart from the ciliary ganglion in chicks. Although there are considerable gaps in our knowledge, some of the mechanisms controlling sympathetic and enteric neuron development appear to be conserved between mammals, avians and zebrafish.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000805", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2010.03.002 Young HM\, Cane KN\, Anderson CR\, Development of the autonomic nervous system: A comparative view. Autonomic Neuroscience : basic and clinical (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002059
name: submandibular ganglion
def: "The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Submandibular_ganglion]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lingual ganglion" RELATED [MA:0002470, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2979467&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
synonym: "maxillary ganglion" RELATED [MA:0002470]
synonym: "submaxillary ganglion" RELATED [MA:0002470]
synonym: "Blandin`s ganglion" RELATED [BTO:0001318]
synonym: "ganglion submandibulare" RELATED [BTO:0001318]
xref: BTO:0001318
xref: FMA:6966 ! Submandibular ganglion
xref: MA:0002470 ! submandibular ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Ganglion ! Submandibular Ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/83/Gray778.png/200px-Gray778.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001942 ! submaxillary parasympathetic ganglion
xref: EHDAA:6710 ! submaxillary
is_a: UBERON:0001808 {source="MA"} ! parasympathetic ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001736 ! submandibular gland
synonym: "ganglion submandibulare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Submandibular_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Gray778.png
xref: SCTID:279282000 ! Entire submaxillary ganglion
xref: UMLS:C0229063

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005407
name: sublingual ganglion
xref: FMA:77591 ! Sublingual ganglion
xref: MA:0002982 ! sublingual ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0001938 ! sublingual parasympathetic ganglion
xref: EHDAA:10101 ! sublingual
is_a: UBERON:0001808 {source="MA"} ! parasympathetic ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002060
name: femoral artery
def: "The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Femoral_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:70248 ! Femoral artery
xref: GAID:494 ! femoral artery
xref: galen:FemoralArtery
xref: MA:0001951 ! femoral artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Femoral_Artery ! Femoral Artery
xref: BTO:0001624 ! femoral artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwHMI05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! femoral artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray546.png/200px-Gray546.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.351 ! femoral artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: AAO:0010222 ! femoral artery
xref: SCTID:244332003 ! Entire femoral artery
synonym: "arteria femoralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femoral_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray546.png
property_value: external_definition "Artery which supplies blood via branches to the hindlimbs.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010222", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: UMLS:C0015801

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006060
name: conotruncus
def: "The distal portion of Bulbus cordis that forms an outflow channel and gives rise to the proximal conus cordis." [UBERON:gg]
synonym: "rostral half of bulbus cordis" EXACT [EMAPA:16221]
synonym: "bulbus cordis rostral half" EXACT [VHOG:0000437]
xref: EMAPA:16221 ! rostral half of bulbus cordis of primitive heart tube
xref: EMAPA:16338 ! rostral half of bulbus cordis of heart
xref: VHOG:0000437 ! bulbus cordis rostral half
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004706 ! bulbus cordis
property_value: homology_notes "The conus arteriosus is considered a component part of the heart because it has a myocardial wall and lies within the pericardial cavity. It is a feature of the evolutionary primitive state. In amphibians it is called the bulbus cordis, a term that is also used for its equivalent in mammalian embryos. The more derived extant bony fish, like the zebrafish, do not have this cardiac compartment. They have a so-called bulbus arteriosus, which is not enclosed by cardiac muscle, but by elastic tissue and smooth muscle, and therefore is considered to be a specialization of the proximal part of the ventral aorta (256). However, similar to the mammalian condition (306, 326, 339), the bulbus arteriosus in zebrafish embryonic hearts is surrounded by myocardium that disappears with development (134, 135). The bony fish bulbus arteriosus might thus be homologous to the shark conus arteriosus and amphibian/mammalian bulbus cordis.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000437", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM and Christoffels VM\, Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development\, Genes\, and Evolution. Physiol Rev (2003)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005967 ! conotruncal ridge
name: conotruncal ridge
def: "One of the pair of spiral mesenchymal swellings in the primordial ventricular outflow tract, that eventually fuse to form the conotruncal septum, dividing the subvalvular outflow tract and contributing to the membranous interventricular septum[MP]" [PMID:8823298, MP:0010585]
synonym: "aortico-pulmonary spiral ridges" EXACT [MP:0010585]
synonym: "bulbar ridge" EXACT [MP:0010585]
synonym: "conotruncal cushion" EXACT [MP:0010585]
synonym: "endocardial ridge" EXACT [MP:0010585]
synonym: "outflow tract cushion" EXACT [MP:0010585]
synonym: "outflow tract endocardial cushion" EXACT [MP:0010585]
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000194 ! bulbar ridge
xref: EMAPA:17332 ! bulbar ridge of ventricle
xref: EMAPA:17867 ! bulbar ridge of bulbo-ventricular region
xref: VHOG:0001385 ! bulbar ridge
xref: EHDAA:1914 ! bulbar ridge
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004706 ! bulbus cordis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005337 ! outflow tract of ventricle
synonym: "spiral ridge" RELATED [VHOG:0001385]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002061 ! truncus arteriosus
name: truncus arteriosus
def: "The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles." [Wikipedia:Truncus_arteriosus_(embryology)]
comment: AO notes: assume spelling error for ncit
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:70301 ! Truncus arteriosus
xref: GAID:554 ! truncus arteriosus
xref: MA:0000103 ! truncus arteriosus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rquH9YKgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rquH9YKgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! truncus arteriosus
xref: MESH:A07.541.278.930 ! truncus arteriosus
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="FMA"} ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="EHDAA2"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005498 {source="EHDAA2"} ! primitive heart tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004145 {source="MA"} ! outflow tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005432 {source="EHDAA2"} ! aortic sac
xref: EHDAA2:0004143 ! truncus arteriosus
xref: SCTID:308828009 ! truncus arteriosus of fetus
xref: ncithesaurus:Trancus_Arteriosus ! trancus arteriosus
xref: UMLS:C1519589

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002062
name: endocardial cushion
def: "The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_cushions, ZFIN:curator, GO:0003197]
comment: GO graph seems to suggest this is an endothelium. WP: The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). Latest (2010-06-01) new def suggested for GO, added above. Note that EHDAA2 has a more detailed model which we may later adopt. JB: Patterning makes the cushions lay down connective tissue in three domains that force out the local endothelial lining and so the leaflets form
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac cushion" EXACT [PMID:15797462]
synonym: "atrioventricular cushion" EXACT [Wikipedia:Endocardial_cushion]
synonym: "AV cushion" EXACT []
synonym: "endocardial cushions" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "endocardial cushion tissue" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000434]
xref: FMA:70302 ! Endocardial cushion
xref: VHOG:0000932 ! endocardial cushion
xref: MA:0000078 ! endocardial cushion
xref: TAO:0001317 ! endocardial cushion
xref: ZFA:0001317 ! endocardial cushion
xref: EHDAA2:0004028 ! atrioventricular cushion
xref: EHDAA2:0000434 ! endocardial cushion tissue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray465.png/200px-Gray465.png
xref: EMAPA:16696 ! endocardial cushion tissue
xref: EHDAA:2586 ! endocardial cushion tissue
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="GO"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Wikipedia", source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 {source="ZFA"} ! heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002165 {source="ZFA"} ! endocardium
xref: XAO:0004189 ! endocardial cushion
property_value: external_definition "Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001317", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001317", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes " (Cardiac valve formation in vertebrates) In response to a myocardial signal, endocardial cells at chamber boundaries take on a mesenchymal character, delaminate and migrate into the cardiac jelly. There, they form an endocardial cushion that is later remodelled into a valve.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000932", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/35047564 Stainier DYR\, Zebrafish genetics and vertebrate heart formation. Nature Reviews Genetics (2001) Figure 3", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002063
name: sinus venosus
def: "The sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. In humans, it exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart, where it is found between the two venae cavae. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum, also known as the venarum sinus, which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge of fibres called the crista terminalis. The sinus venosus also forms the SA node and the coronary sinus. In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein. It originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarum." [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
comment: In zebrafish, "the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract"[ZFA:0000154]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inflow tract" EXACT [ZFA:0000154]
synonym: "sinus venarum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
synonym: "venarum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
synonym: "venarum sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
synonym: "venosus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
xref: EHDAA:480 ! sinus venosus
xref: FMA:70303 ! Sinus venosus
xref: VHOG:0000177 ! sinus venosus
xref: TAO:0000154 ! sinus venosus
xref: ZFA:0000154 ! sinus venosus
xref: ncithesaurus:Sinus_Venosus ! Sinus Venosus
xref: ncithesaurus:Sinus_Venarum ! sinus venarum
xref: EHDAA2:0001839 ! sinus venosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray465.png/200px-Gray465.png
xref: EMAPA:16237 ! sinus venosus
is_a: UBERON:0004151 ! cardiac chamber
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="VHOG"} ! conducting system of heart
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007278 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive sinus venosus
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006615 ! venous sinus
xref: AAO:0010505 ! sinus venosus
synonym: "sinus venosus cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray465.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of the circulatory system which receives blood from the systemic veins and contracts to pump the blood into the atrium of the heart.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010505", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Heart region collecting blood from the paired common cardinal veins and delivering to the atrium. One of four components of the heart. The sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000154", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000177", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS\, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225857
xref: UMLS:C0231084

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004344 ! cardinal vein
name: cardinal vein
def: "any of the four veins in the developing vertebrate embryo which run along each side of the vertebral column" [MP:0004783]
comment: Usage notes: current we conflate the cardinal vein and cardinal vein system
synonym: "cardinal vein system" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000213]
xref: EHDAA:1310 ! cardinal vein
xref: XAO:0000052 ! cardinal vein
xref: EMAPA:16354 ! cardinal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardinal_Vein ! Cardinal Vein
xref: VHOG:0001197 ! cardinal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000213 ! cardinal vein system
xref: BTO:0004385 ! cardinal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: AAO:0011022 ! cardinal vein
xref: SCTID:362860004 ! Entire cardinal vein
property_value: homology_notes "In primitive vertebrates, the basic early embryonic pattern is retained, and blood from anterior and posterior systemic tissues is returned in anterior and posterior cardinal veins, both pairs of veins uniting in common cardinal veins near the heart. In derived vertebrates, the cardinals appear but usually persist only in the embryo, being functionally replaced by alternative adult vessels, the precava and postcava (anterior and posterior venae cavae).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001197", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.462", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231085

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002064
name: common cardinal vein
def: "Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Common_cardinal_veins, BTO:0004388]
comment: Taxon notes: Paired in gnathostomes; with only a vestige of the right duct in the adult hagfish (21) and the left duct atrophying at metamorphosis in the lamprey (22)[PMID:20959416, S1]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "duct of Cuvier" RELATED []
synonym: "Cuvierian duct" RELATED []
xref: FMA:70308 ! Common cardinal vein
xref: VHOG:0000112 ! common cardinal vein
xref: TAO:0000186 ! common cardinal vein
xref: ZFA:0000186 ! common cardinal vein
xref: XAO:0000373 ! duct of Cuvier
xref: EMAPA:16356 ! common of cardinal vein
xref: EHDAA:1314 ! common
xref: ncithesaurus:Common_Cardinal_Vein ! Common Cardinal Vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray477.svg/200px-Gray477.svg.png
xref: BTO:0004388 ! common cardinal vein
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="FMA"} ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0004344 ! cardinal vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002201 ! vasculature of trunk
xref: AAO:0011033 ! duct of Cuvier
xref: SCTID:308783008 ! Entire common cardinal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray477.svg
property_value: external_definition "Bilaterally paired longitudinal vein; the anterior cardinal returns blood from the head, and the posterior cardinal returns it from the trunk; these two vessels join together on each side as the common cardinal vein, also known as the duct of Cuvier that leads to the heart's sinus venosus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011033", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ZFA:0000186"}
property_value: external_definition "Bilaterally paired longitudinal vein; the anterior cardinal returns blood from the head, and the posterior cardinal returns it from the trunk; these two vessels join together on each side as the common cardinal vein (duct of Cuvier; misnamed the vitelline vein) that leads across the yolk cell to the heart's sinus venosus. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000186", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of cardinal system (TAO:0000096)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000186", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "In primitive vertebrates, the basic early embryonic pattern is retained, and blood from anterior and posterior systemic tissues is returned in anterior and posterior cardinal veins, both pairs of veins uniting in common cardinal veins near the heart. In derived vertebrates, the cardinals appear but usually persist only in the embryo, being functionally replaced by alternative adult vessels, the precava and postcava (anterior and posterior venae cavae).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000112", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.462", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231083

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009769
name: left common cardinal vein
comment: Taxon notes: the left duct atrophies at metamorphosis in the lamprey (22)[PMID:20959416, S1]
is_a: UBERON:0002064 {source="FMA"} ! common cardinal vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004344 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cardinal vein
xref: FMA:70311 ! left common cardinal vein
xref: SCTID:361506000 ! Left common cardinal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000304 ! common cardinal vein left
synonym: "common cardinal vein left " EXACT [EHDAA2:0000304]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009138
name: right common cardinal vein
comment: Taxon notes: only a vestige of the right duct in the adult hagfish (21)[PMID:20959416, S1]
is_a: UBERON:0002064 {source="FMA"} ! common cardinal vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004344 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cardinal vein
xref: SCTID:361507009 ! Right common cardinal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004535 ! common cardinal vein right
synonym: "common cardinal vein right" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004535]
xref: FMA:70310 ! Right common cardinal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002065
name: posterior cardinal vein
def: "One of two paired cardinal veins that return blood from the body of the embryo[Kardong]" [Wikipedia:Posterior_cardinal_vein, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: ...join with the corresponding right and left cardinal veins to form the left common cardinal veins, which empty in the sinus venosus. Most of the posterior cardinal veins regress, what remains of them forms the renal segment of the inferior vena cava and the common iliac veins. Later in the development stages, the posterior cardinal veins are replaced by the subcardinal and supracardinal veins. The subcardinal veins form part of the inferior vena cava, renal veins and gonadal veins. The supracardinal veins form part of the inferior vena cava, the intercostal veins, hemiazygos vein and azygos vein[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inferior cardinal vein" RELATED [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/pcardio/venen01.html]
synonym: "axial vein" RELATED []
synonym: "caudal cardinal veins" RELATED []
synonym: "PCV" RELATED []
synonym: "postcardinal vein" RELATED [FMA:70314, AAO:0010511, Wikipedia:Posterior_cardinal_vein]
xref: EMAPA:16357 ! posterior of cardinal vein
xref: EHDAA:1316 ! posterior
xref: FMA:70314 ! Postcardinal vein
xref: VHOG:0000111 ! posterior cardinal vein
xref: TAO:0000477 ! posterior cardinal vein
xref: ZFA:0000477 ! posterior cardinal vein
xref: XAO:0000241 ! posterior cardinal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cardinal_Vein ! Posterior Cardinal Vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001486 ! posterior cardinal vein
xref: BTO:0004386 ! posterior cardinal vein
is_a: UBERON:0004344 ! cardinal vein
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0002201 ! vasculature of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002201 ! vasculature of trunk
xref: AAO:0010511 ! postcardinal vein
xref: SCTID:308781005 ! Entire posterior cardinal vein
property_value: external_definition "Either of two veins which receive blood as an alternate route from the kidneys.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010511", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Continuation of the caudal vein cranial to the anal pore. The cardinal vein splits into a pair of vessels in the cranial trunk, just caudal to the radix of the aorta. The posterior cardinals each empty into the common cardinal vein.  [TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000477", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of cardinal system (TAO:0000096)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000477", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000477", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "In primitive vertebrates, the basic early embryonic pattern is retained, and blood from anterior and posterior systemic tissues is returned in anterior and posterior cardinal veins, both pairs of veins uniting in common cardinal veins near the heart. In derived vertebrates, the cardinals appear but usually persist only in the embryo, being functionally replaced by alternative adult vessels, the precava and postcava (anterior and posterior venae cavae).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000111", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.462", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009139
alt_id: UBERON:0013123
name: right posterior cardinal vein
synonym: "right postcardinal vein" EXACT [FMA:70315]
synonym: "posterior cardinal vein right" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004536]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002065 ! posterior cardinal vein
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: FMA:70315 ! right postcardinal vein
xref: SCTID:361505001 ! Right posterior cardinal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004536 ! posterior cardinal vein right

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013124
name: left posterior cardinal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0002065 ! posterior cardinal vein
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
synonym: "left postcardinal vein" EXACT [FMA:70316]
synonym: "posterior cardinal vein left" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001486]
xref: FMA:70316 ! left postcardinal vein
xref: SCTID:361504002 ! Left posterior cardinal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001486 ! posterior cardinal vein left

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003087
alt_id: UBERON:0009770
name: anterior cardinal vein
def: "One of the the two paired cardinal veins draining the cephalic part of the body." [MP:0004784, Wikipedia:Anterior_cardinal_vein, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: contribute to the formation of the internal jugular veins and together with the common cardinal vein form the superior vena cava. In an anastomosis by anterior cardinal veins, the left brachiocephalic vein is produced[WP]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ACV" RELATED []
synonym: "superior cardinal vein" RELATED [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/pcardio/venen01.html]
synonym: "rostral cardinal veins" RELATED []
synonym: "rostral cardinal vein" EXACT [ZFA:0000423]
synonym: "precardinal vein" RELATED [FMA:70309, Wikipedia:Anterior_cardinal_vein]
xref: EHDAA:1312 ! anterior
xref: EMAPA:16355 ! anterior cardinal vein
xref: EMAPA:16241 ! anterior cardinal vein
xref: VHOG:0000113 ! anterior cardinal vein
xref: TAO:0000423 ! anterior cardinal vein
xref: XAO:0000383 ! anterior cardinal vein
xref: ZFA:0000423 ! anterior cardinal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cardinal_Vein ! Anterior Cardinal Vein
xref: BTO:0004387 ! anterior cardinal vein
is_a: UBERON:0004344 ! cardinal vein
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0002200 ! vasculature of head
xref: AAO:0011011 ! anterior cardinal vein
xref: SCTID:308780006 ! Entire anterior cardinal vein
xref: FMA:70309 ! precardinal vein
property_value: external_definition "The anterior cardinal vein returns blood from the dorsal head and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011011", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="PMID:12606281"}
property_value: homology_notes "In primitive vertebrates, the basic early embryonic pattern is retained, and blood from anterior and posterior systemic tissues is returned in anterior and posterior cardinal veins, both pairs of veins uniting in common cardinal veins near the heart. In derived vertebrates, the cardinals appear but usually persist only in the embryo, being functionally replaced by alternative adult vessels, the precava and postcava (anterior and posterior venae cavae).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000113", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.462", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231086

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009771
name: left anterior cardinal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0003087 ! anterior cardinal vein
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: FMA:70313 ! left precardinal vein
synonym: "left precardinal vein" EXACT [FMA:70313]
synonym: "precardinal vein left" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000127]
xref: EHDAA2:0000127 ! precardinal vein left
xref: SCTID:361502003 ! Left anterior cardinal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009772
name: right anterior cardinal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0003087 ! anterior cardinal vein
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: FMA:70312 ! right precardinal vein
synonym: "right precardinal vein" EXACT [FMA:70312]
synonym: "precardinal vein right" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004537]
xref: EHDAA2:0004537 ! precardinal vein right
xref: SCTID:361503008 ! Right anterior cardinal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006296
name: subcardinal vein
def: "a vein in the mammalian embryo or the adult of some lower vertebrates that is located on each side of the abdominal region ventromedial to the mesonephros and that in mammals participates in the formation of the inferior vena cava and the renal vein" [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/subcardinal%20vein, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: TBD: part of cardinal system?
xref: EMAPA:16829 ! subcardinal vein
xref: VHOG:0001336 ! subcardinal vein
xref: EHDAA:2631 ! subcardinal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: ncithesaurus:Subcardinal_Vein ! Subcardinal Vein
xref: SCTID:308830006 ! Entire subcardinal vein
xref: UMLS:C0231088

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006252
name: intersubcardinal venous anastomosis
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16828 ! inter-subcardinal venous anastomosis
xref: EHDAA2:0000883 ! intersubcardinal venous anastomosis
xref: EHDAA:3452 ! intersubcardinal venous anastomosis
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004581 ! systemic venous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009140
name: right subcardinal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0006296 ! subcardinal vein
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:361452009 ! Right subcardinal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004538 ! subcardinal vein right
synonym: "subcardinal vein right" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004538]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013125
name: left subcardinal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0006296 ! subcardinal vein
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
synonym: "subcardinal vein left" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001932]
xref: EHDAA2:0001932 ! subcardinal vein left
xref: SCTID:361451002 ! Left subcardinal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002068 ! urachus
name: urachus
def: "A fibrous remnant of the allantoic stalk, a narrow fetal canal connecting the apex of the urinary bladder with the umbilicus located in the space of Retzius, between the transversalis fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly. its lumen is normally obliterated during development, transforming the urachus into a solid cord, a functionless remnant that persists throughout life as the median umbilical ligament; failure of complete lumen obliteration may result in distinct congenital urachal remnant anomalies[MP]." [MP:anna, MP:0011852]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:7016 ! urachus
xref: EHDAA:9332 ! urachus
xref: FMA:70343 ! Urachus
xref: GAID:1313 ! urachus
xref: VHOG:0000735 ! urachus
xref: MA:0001701 ! urachus
xref: ncithesaurus:Urachus
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002138 ! urachus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray1156.png/200px-Gray1156.png
xref: EMAPA:18323 ! urachus
xref: MESH:A16.254.835 ! urachus
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004340 {source="EHDAA2"} ! allantois
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001255 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! urinary bladder
xref: SCTID:276858000 ! Entire urachus
xref: EHDAA2:0002137 ! urachus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray1156.png
property_value: external_definition "A fetal canal connecting the bladder with the allantois, persisting throughout life as a cord (median umbilical ligament). [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000735", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/urachus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "urachal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0041916

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011202
name: urachus epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002068 ! urachus
xref: EHDAA2:0004725 ! urachus epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Urachal_Epithelium ! urachal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a urachus." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1711256

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011203
name: urachus mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002068 ! urachus
xref: EHDAA2:0004726 ! urachus mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a urachus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012351
name: urachal lumen
synonym: "urachus lumen" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0002068 ! urachus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002068 ! urachus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010132
name: gastroduodenal artery
def: "a small blood vessel in the abdomen that supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries)." [Wikipedia:Gastroduodenal_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0005436 {source="FMA"} ! common hepatic artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005436 {source="EHDAA2"} ! common hepatic artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000310 ! common hepatic artery gastroduodenal branch
xref: FMA:14775 ! gastroduodenal artery
xref: EHDAA:8574 ! gastroduodenal branch
synonym: "arteria gastroduodenalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gastroduodenal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png
xref: SCTID:244269002 ! Entire gastroduodenal artery
xref: galen:GastroduodenalArtery ! gastroduodenal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004690
name: pancreaticoduodenal vein
synonym: "Superior posterior pancreaticoduodenal vein" EXACT [FMA:15398]
synonym: "pancreaticoduodenal vein" EXACT [FMA:15398]
synonym: "pancreatico-duodenal vein" EXACT [MA:0002190]
xref: FMA:15398 ! Pancreaticoduodenal vein
xref: MA:0002190 ! pancreatico-duodenal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001214 ! pancreatic tributary of splenic vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001138 {source="FMA/obol"} ! superior mesenteric vein
synonym: "vena pancreaticoduodenalis superior posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15398]
synonym: "vena pancreaticoduodenalis" EXACT []
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatico-Duodenal_Vein ! Pancreatico-Duodenal Vein
xref: SCTID:76262002 ! Entire pancreaticoduodenal vein
xref: UMLS:C0226751

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011383
name: inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein
is_a: UBERON:0004690 ! pancreatico-duodenal vein
xref: MA:0002191 ! inferior pancreatico-duodenal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Pancreatico-Duodenal_Vein ! inferior pancreatico-duodenal vein
synonym: "inferior pancreatico-duodenal vein" EXACT [MA:0002191]
xref: UMLS:C1711328

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011384
name: superior pancreaticoduodenal vein
is_a: UBERON:0004690 ! pancreatico-duodenal vein
xref: MA:0002192 ! superior pancreatico-duodenal vein
synonym: "superior pancreatico-duodenal vein" EXACT [MA:0002192]
synonym: "vena pancreaticoduodenalis superior" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009658 ! pancreaticoduodenal artery
name: pancreaticoduodenal artery
def: "." [Wikipedia:Pancreaticoduodenal_artery]
synonym: "pancreatico-duodenal artery" EXACT [MA:0002013]
synonym: "arteriae pancreaticoduodenales" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
xref: MA:0002013 ! pancreatico-duodenal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatico-Duodenal_Artery ! Pancreatico-Duodenal Artery
xref: UMLS:C1709455

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001195
name: inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
def: "The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum. It courses to the right between the head of the pancreas and duodenum, and then ascends to anastomose with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It distributes branches to the head of the pancreas and to the descending and inferior parts of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14805 ! Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
xref: MA:0002014 ! inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Pancreatico-duodenal_artery ! Inferior Pancreatico-Duodenal Artery
is_a: UBERON:0009658 ! pancreaticoduodenal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001182 ! superior mesenteric artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001182 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: SCTID:244273004 ! Entire inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
synonym: "arteriae pancreaticoduodenales inferiores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray533.png
xref: UMLS:C0226319

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002070
name: superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
def: "The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which comes from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk. The common hepatic itself becomes the proper hepatic after giving off the gastroduodenal artery and goes on to supply the right and left lobes of the liver. The term superior distinguishes the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. These arteries, together with the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery, form connections or anastomoses with one another, allowing blood to perfuse the pancreas and duodenum through multiple channels. The artery splits into two branches: the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the anterior margins of the duodenum and pancreas the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the posterior margins of these organs [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior pancreatico-duodenal artery" EXACT []
synonym: "superior pancreatoduodenal artery" EXACT [http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Terminology.shtml]
synonym: "bauchspeicheldrüsenzwölffingerdarmpulsader@de" EXACT [http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Terminology.shtml]
xref: FMA:70437 ! Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
xref: MA:0002015 ! superior pancreatico-duodenal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Pancreatico-Duodenal_Artery ! Superior Pancreatico-Duodenal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray533.png/200px-Gray533.png
is_a: UBERON:0009658 ! pancreaticoduodenal artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010132 ! gastroduodenal artery
xref: SCTID:244272009 ! Entire superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
synonym: "arteria pancreaticoduodenalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray533.png
xref: UMLS:C0226317

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006877 ! vasculature of liver
name: vasculature of liver
comment: the EHDAA2 term and the FMA term may not be exact equivalents - check
synonym: "liver vascular system" RELATED [EHDAA2:0003454]
synonym: "hepatic vasculature" EXACT [FMA:73748]
xref: FMA:73748 ! vasculature of liver
xref: EHDAA2:0003454 ! liver vascular system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002107 ! liver
def: "A vasculature that is part of a liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002075
name: viscus
def: "An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. // An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper." [BTO:0001491, Wikipedia:Viscus]
comment: general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs
subset: uberon_slim
subset: upper_level
synonym: "viscera" RELATED []
synonym: "visceral organ" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201]
xref: FMA:7085 ! Viscus
xref: AAO:0010386 ! viscus
xref: XAO:0003034 ! viscus
xref: BTO:0001491 ! viscus
xref: MESH:A01.960 ! viscera
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 ! visceral organ
xref: EHDAA:512 ! visceral organ
xref: EMAPA:16245 ! visceral organ
xref: MA:0000019 ! visceral organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: ncithesaurus:Viscera ! Viscera
xref: SCTID:118760003 ! Entire viscus
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010386", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="BTO:0001491"}
synonym: "visceral organ system" EXACT [MA:0000019]
xref: UMLS:C0042779

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008246
name: pyloric stomach
def: "The mouth of a starfish is located on the underside of the body, and opens through a short esophagus into firstly a cardiac stomach, and then, a second, pyloric stomach. Each arm also contains two pyloric caeca, long hollow tubes branching outwards from the pyloric stomach. Each pyloric caecum is lined by a series of digestive glands, which secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from the food. A short intestine runs from the upper surface of the pyloric stomach to open at an anus in the center of the upper body" [Wikipedia:Starfish]
xref: BTO:0002121 ! pyloric stomach
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: only_in_taxon  NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
subset: organ_slim
xref: SCTID:280119005 ! Pyloric structure of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008247 ! tube foot
name: tube foot
def: "One of the numerous external, fluid-filled muscular tubes of echinoderms, such as the starfish or sea urchin, serving as organs of locomotion, food handling, and respiration[BTO]. Tube feet consist of two parts: ampulla and podia. Ampulla contain both circular muscles and longitudinal muscle, whereas the podia contain the latter only. Thus the podia use suction to attach to the substratum[WP]." [BTO:0001919, Wikipedia:Tube_feet]
synonym: "tube feet" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Tube_feet]
xref: BTO:0001919 ! tube foot
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon  NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008248
name: pyloric cecum
def: "The pyloric ceca (or digestive glands) and the cardiac stomach produce digestive enzymes in starfishes. Digested material is absorbed through the pyloric ceca for transport to the rest of the body. Each pyloric cecum extends the length of each arm." [BTO:0002120]
synonym: "pyloric caecum" EXACT  [BTO:0002120]
xref: BTO:0002120 ! pyloric cecum
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: only_in_taxon  NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009855
name: echinoderm gastric caecum
def: "non-contractile pouch that is connected to the anterior stomach through a slit-like opening. This pouch is also well-connected to the haemal system through numerous haemal ducts within its connective tissue layer." [PMID:20955602]
is_a: UBERON:0009854 ! digestive tract diverticulum
relationship: only_in_taxon  NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata
comment: The digestive tract of many metazoan invertebrates is characterized by the presence of caeca or diverticula that serve secretory and/or absorptive functions. With the development of various feeding habits, distinctive digestive organs may be present in certain taxa. This also holds true for sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), in which a highly specialized gastric caecum can be found in members of a derived subgroup, the Irregularia (cake urchins, sea biscuits, sand dollars, heart urchins, and related forms)... Homologous with the more or less pronounced dilation of the anterior stomach that is observed in most "regular" sea urchin taxa[PMID:20955602]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008250
name: cardiac stomach
def: "In starfishes the cardiac stomach is connected to a pyloric stomach which is located above it. Food can be brought into the stomach through the mouth or, in many species, the cardiac stomach can be extended out through the mouth to digest food outside the body. Suspension-feeding starfish use their tube feet to pass food to the mouth." [BTO:0002122]
xref: BTO:0002122 ! cardiac stomach
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: only_in_taxon  NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008251
name: water vascular system
def: "The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.[1] The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet. Echinoderms move by alternately contracting muscles that force water into the tube feet, causing them to extend and push against the ground, then relaxing to allow the feet to retract.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Water_vascular_system]
xref: BTO:0002125 ! water vascular system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008252
name: tube foot ampulla
def: "The constant contraction of ampulla (to extend and retract the tube feet) helps to move a starfish. The ampullae are teeth like structures surrounding the radial canal." [BTO:0002124]
synonym: "ampulla" BROAD [BTO:0002124]
xref: BTO:0002124 ! ampulla
is_a: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008251 {source="BTO"} ! water vascular system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008247 ! tube foot
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata
disjoint_from: UBERON:0009474 ! ascidian ampulla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012468
name: anal tooth
def: "Tooth-like structure that typically forms a ring surrounding the anus of some Holothuriidae" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "anal teeth" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "cloacal tooth" RELATED []
synonym: "perianal tooth" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012470
name: wheel papilla
comment: the terminal papillae superficially resemble the ‘anal teeth’ of non-apodid holothurians.
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009473
name: parapodium
def: "either of a pair of fleshy lateral processes borne by most segments of a polychaete worm." [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parapodium?show=0&t=1314575672, Wikipedia:Parapodium]
synonym: "paradpod" EXACT []
synonym: "polychaete paradpodium" EXACT []
synonym: "paradpodia" RELATED PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000914 ! organismal segment
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6340 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Annelida

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009476
name: madreporite
def: "The madreporite is an opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms. It is visible as a small red or yellow button-like structure, looking like a small wart, on the aboral surface of the central disk of a sea star. Close up, it is visibly structured, resembling a \"madrepore\" colony. From this, it derives its name. The water vascular system of the sea star consists of a series of seawater-filled ducts that function in locomotion and feeding and respiration. Its main parts are the madreporite, the stone canal, the ring canal, the radial canals, the lateral canals, and the tube feet. The sieve-like madreporite allows entry of seawater into the stone canal, which connects to the ring canal around the mouth. Five or more radial canals extend from the ring canal, one in each arm above the ambulacral groove. From the radial canals extend many lateral canals, each of which leads to a tube foot. Each tube foot is a closed cylinder with muscular walls, having a sucker at the outer end and a bulb-like ampulla at its inner end within the body cavity." [Wikipedia:Madreporite]
is_a: UBERON:0003978 ! valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008251 {source="BTO"} ! water vascular system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008259 ! aboral surface

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008253
name: Aristotle's lantern
def: "Within the mouth of a sea urchin is an elaborate five-sided jaw structure called Aristotles lantern that can be partially extruded from the mouth. It is able to grind up calcareous exoskeletons of plants and animals." [Wikipedia:Aristotle's_lantern, BTO:0001923]
synonym: "Aristotles lantern" EXACT [BTO:0001923]
xref: BTO:0001923 ! Aristotles lantern
xref: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/biodidac/echino001B.gif/medium.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 {source="BTO"} ! mouth
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7625 ! Echinoidea 
xref: http://content60.eol.org/content/2012/06/14/21/52446_580_360.jpg
xref: http://eol.org/data_objects/19677434

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012621
name: muscle of Aristotle's lantern
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008253 ! Aristotle's lantern
xref: BTO:0001924 ! lantern muscle
synonym: "lantern muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001924]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012641 ! body of tubeworm
name: body of tubeworm
comment: to be ceded to polychaete ontology
is_a: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
relationship: secretes UBERON:0012646 ! tubeworm tube
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6425 ! Riftia
xref: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/abyss/life/images/tubeworm.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012642
name: vestimentum muscle
def: "The vestimentum is a muscle that the tubeworm uses to anchro itself in the tube. Generates new tube material." [BTO:0002492, UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012641 ! body of tubeworm
xref: BTO:0002492 ! vestimentum
synonym: "vestimentum" EXACT [BTO:0002492]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012643
name: plume
def: "Vascularized tip of their free end of a tubeworm which is an organ for exchanging compounds with the environment." [Wikipedia:Giant_tube_worm#Body_structure]
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012641 ! body of tubeworm
xref: BTO:0002480 ! plume

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012644
name: trophosome
def: "An organ of dark green-brown spongy tissue in a tubeworm which is a host to symbiotic microbes" []
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012641 ! body of tubeworm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012645
name: opisthosome
def: "Organ at the distal end of a tubeworm. Helps anchor the tubeworm" []
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012641 ! body of tubeworm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012646 ! tubeworm tube
name: tubeworm tube
comment: Tube consists of chitin proteoglycan/protein complex
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012641 ! body of tubeworm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008258
name: oral surface
synonym: "actinal surface" EXACT []
synonym: "actinal side" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008259 ! aboral surface
name: aboral surface
synonym: "abactinal surface" EXACT []
synonym: "abactinal side" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008260
name: spine appendage
def: "a hard, thorny or needle-like structure which occurs on various animals. Animals such as porcupines and sea urchins grow spines as a self-defense mechanism. Spines are often formed of keratin. Other animals with spines are hedgehogs, spiny mice and at least two ornithischian dinosaurs." [Wikipedia:Spine_(zoology)]
comment: May be reclassified depending on CARO treatment of appendage
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "spine" BROAD []
synonym: "spiny appendage" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013494 ! keratin-coated spine
name: keratin-coated spine
def: "A modified strand of hair covered in a keratin coat, as found in porcupines and hedgehogs." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0001037 ! strand of hair
intersection_of: UBERON:0008260 ! spine appendage
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of GO:0045095 ! keratin filament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013495
name: barbed keratin-coated spine
def: "A keratin-coated spine that is tipped with a barb." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: Porcupines' quills, or spines, take on various forms, depending on the species, but all are modified hairs coated with thick plates of keratin, and they are embedded in the skin musculature. Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) have quills embedded in clusters, whereas in New World porcupines (Erethizontidae), single quills are interspersed with bristles, underfur and hair.
synonym: "quill" EXACT []
synonym: "porcupine quill" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0013494 ! keratin-coated spine
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:10135 ! Hystricidae
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:30649 ! Erethizontidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013496
name: unbarbed keratin-coated spine
def: "A keratin-coated spine that is lacks a barbed end." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "spine" BROAD []
synonym: "hedgehog spine" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0013494 ! keratin-coated spine
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9363 ! Erinaceidae 

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008261
name: pedicellaria
def: "a small wrench or claw-shaped structure commonly found on Echinoderms, particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea). Pedicellariae are poorly understood but in some taxa, they are thought to keep the body surface clear of algae, encrusting organisms, and other debris in conjunction with the ciliated epidermis present in all echinoderms. Pedicellariae in some taxa, such as the deep-sea Brisingida, and the Antarctic Labidiaster are known to function in food capture. In forcipulate sea stars, each pedicellaria is typically composed three forceps-like valves. Other asteroids can have pedicellariae composed of only two components. In some asteroid sea stars pedicellariae are present around the base of a spine or on the surface of the animal's body. In other sea stars, they are present in pits on the abactinal, marginal, or actinal surface; oftentimes on the adambulacral plate adjacent to the tube foot furrow." [Wikipedia:Pedicellaria]
synonym: "pedicellariae" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Pedicellaria]
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008262
name: ambulacral area
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008263
name: inter-ambulacral area
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002076
name: cuticle of hair
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hair cuticle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:70933 ! Cuticle of hair
xref: MA:0000157 ! hair cuticle
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001037 ! hair

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002077
name: cortex of hair
def: "A cortex that is part of a hair [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hair cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "coat hair cortex" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "coat/hair cortex" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cortex of coat hair" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cortex of coat/hair" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:70934 ! Cortex of hair
xref: MA:0000156 ! hair cortex
is_a: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001037 ! hair
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001037 ! hair
xref: SCTID:318832008 ! Entire hair cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002078
name: right atrium
def: "Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Right_atrium, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "heart right atrium" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac right atrium" EXACT []
synonym: "right atrium of heart" EXACT []
synonym: "right cardiac atrium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7096 ! Right atrium
xref: VHOG:0000328 ! right atrium
xref: MA:0000075 ! heart right atrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4runNcs6fqEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Atrium ! Right Atrium
xref: BTO:0001703 ! right atrium
xref: galen:RightAtrium ! right atrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4runNcs6fqEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! right atrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! right atrium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png
xref: XAO:0003192 ! right atrium
xref: EMAPA:17321 ! right atrium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: AAO:0010248 ! right atrium
xref: SCTID:244383003 ! Entire right atrium
xref: EHDAA2:0000290 ! right atrium
synonym: "atrium dextrum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Right_atrium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg
property_value: homology_notes "The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000328", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225844

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002079
name: left atrium
def: "Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Left_atrium, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "heart left atrium" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac left atrium" EXACT []
synonym: "left atrium of heart" EXACT []
synonym: "left cardiac atrium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7097 ! Left atrium
xref: galen:LeftAtrium
xref: VHOG:0000369 ! left atrium
xref: MA:0000074 ! heart left atrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rkJN1AagEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Atrium ! Left Atrium
xref: BTO:0001702 ! left atrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rkJN1AagEEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! left atrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! left atrium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png
xref: XAO:0003191 ! left atrium
xref: EMAPA:17315 ! left atrium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: AAO:0010247 ! left atrium
xref: SCTID:244387002 ! Entire left atrium
xref: EHDAA2:0000275 ! left atrium
synonym: "atrium sinistrum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Left_atrium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg
property_value: homology_notes "The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000369", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225860

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002080
name: heart right ventricle
def: "Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary arterial trunk.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Right_ventricle, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "right ventricle" EXACT [FMA:7098]
synonym: "cardiac right ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "right ventricle of heart" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7098 ! right ventricle
xref: VHOG:0000717 ! heart right ventricle
xref: MA:0000093 ! heart right ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rRMlc0KgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Ventricle ! Right Ventricle
xref: BTO:0001630 ! right ventricle
xref: galen:RightVentricle ! right ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rRMlc0KgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! right ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17340 ! right ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0000196 ! right ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0004706 {source="cjm"} ! bulbus cordis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009889 {source="PMID:17276708"} ! secondary heart field
xref: SCTID:244384009 ! Entire right ventricle
synonym: "ventriculus dexter" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Right_ventricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg
property_value: external_definition "The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000717", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0225883

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002084
name: heart left ventricle
def: "Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the aorta.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Left_ventricle, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cardiac left ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "left cardiac ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "left ventricle of heart" EXACT []
synonym: "left ventricle" EXACT [FMA:7101]
xref: FMA:7101 ! left ventricle
xref: galen:LeftVentricle
xref: VHOG:0000718 ! heart left ventricle
xref: MA:0000092 ! heart left ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8v46gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Ventricle ! Left Ventricle
xref: BTO:0001629 ! left ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8v46gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! left ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! left ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17337 ! left ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0002178 ! left ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
xref: SCTID:244385005 ! Entire left ventricle
synonym: "ventriculus sinister cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Left_ventricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg
property_value: external_definition "Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000718", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000718", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1126/science.1190181 Stolfi A\, Gainous TB\, Young JJ\, Mori A\, Levine M\, Christiaen L\, Early chordate origins of the vertebrate second heart field. Science (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225897

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004706 ! bulbus cordis
name: bulbus cordis
def: "The bulbus cordis lies ventral to the primitive ventricle after the developing heart assumes its S-shaped form. Together, the bulbus cordis and the primitive ventricle give rise to the ventricle of the formed heart. The adjacent walls of the bulbus cordis and ventricle approximate, fuse, and finally disappear, and the bulbus cordis now communicates freely with the right ventricle, while the junction of the bulbus with the truncus arteriosus is brought directly ventral to and applied to the atrial canal. By the upgrowth of the ventricular septum the bulbus cordis is in great measure separated from the left ventricle, but remains an integral part of the right ventricle, of which it forms the infundibulum[WP]." [Wikipedia:Bulbus_cordis]
comment: todo - check ZFA
synonym: "primitive right ventricle endocardium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000197, JB:def]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: EHDAA:438 ! bulbus cordis
xref: EHDAA:768 ! bulbus cordis
xref: EMAPA:16216 ! bulbus cordis of primitive heart tube
xref: EMAPA:16333 ! bulbus cordis of heart
xref: FMA:70300 ! bulbus cordis
xref: ncithesaurus:Bulbus_Cordis
xref: EHDAA2:0000197 ! primitive right ventricle endocardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gray466.png/200px-Gray466.png
xref: ZFA:0000173 ! bulbus arteriosus (also: UBERON:0004152 'bulbus arteriosus')
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: SCTID:361525002 ! Bulbus cordis
xref: TAO:0000173 ! bulbus arteriosus (also: UBERON:0004152 'bulbus arteriosus')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gray466.png
property_value: external_definition "A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000173", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C1284055

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001081
name: endocardium of ventricle
def: "Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ventricle endocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricular endocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac ventricle endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:12148 ! Endocardium of ventricle
xref: VHOG:0000607 ! ventricle endocardium
xref: MA:0000079 ! ventricle endocardium
xref: ZFA:0001615 ! ventricular endocardium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: SCTID:192172004 ! Entire endocardium of ventricle
xref: TAO:0002247 ! ventricular endocardium
synonym: "ventricle endocardial tissue" RELATED [VHOG:0000607]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004784 {source="reference_0000032"} ! heart ventricle wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009712
name: endocardium of right ventricle
def: "Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve  and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk." [FMA:9536]
synonym: "right ventricular endocardium" EXACT  [FMA:9536]
synonym: "endocardial lining of right ventricle" RELATED [EMAPA:17341]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001081  ! endocardium of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080  ! heart right ventricle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0006567 {source="FMA"} ! right ventricle myocardium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004706 {source="EHDAA2"} ! bulbus cordis
xref: FMA:9536 ! endocardium of right ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0002188 ! right ventricle endocardium
xref: EMAPA:17341 ! endocardial lining of right ventricle
xref: SCTID:8911002 ! Entire endocardium of right ventricle
xref: VHOG:0001235 ! right ventricle endocardium
synonym: "right ventricle endocardium" EXACT [VHOG:0001235]
synonym: "right ventricle endocardial tissue" RELATED [VHOG:0001235]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009713
name: endocardium of left ventricle
def: "Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous with mitral valve , aortic valve, atrioventricular septum and the tunica intima of the aorta." [FMA:9559]
synonym: "left ventricular endocardium" EXACT  [FMA:9559]
synonym: "endocardial lining of left ventricle" RELATED [EMAPA:17338]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001081 ! endocardium of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! heart left ventricle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0006566 {source="FMA"} ! left ventricle myocardium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006283 {source="EHDAA2"} ! primitive ventricle of heart
xref: FMA:9559 ! endocardium of left ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0002182 ! left ventricle endocardium
xref: EMAPA:17338 ! endocardial lining of left ventricle
xref: SCTID:191004004 ! Entire endocardium of left ventricle
xref: VHOG:0001233 ! left ventricle endocardium
synonym: "left ventricle endocardium" EXACT [VHOG:0001233]
synonym: "left ventricle endocardial tissue" RELATED [VHOG:0001233]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001050
name: obsolete atrium
def: "Anatomical chamber. Examples: right atrium of heart, atrium of middle nasal meatus, atrium of tympanic cavity, atrium of alveolus." [FMA:85574]
consider: FMA:85574 ! Atrium
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
comment: obsoleted because 'atrium' as a general grouping class that encompasses the cardiac atrium and atrium of alveolus atrium is of questionable value. Furthermore, the use of the term 'atrium' in the generic sense is misleading, as this is commonly used to refer specifically to the cardiac atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002081
name: cardiac atrium
def: "Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of an atrium.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Heart_atrium, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "atrial tissue" RELATED [BTO:0000903]
synonym: "atrium of heart" EXACT []
synonym: "Cardiac atria" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "heart atrium" EXACT []
synonym: "atrium" EXACT [ZFA:0000471]
synonym: "atria" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "cardiac atria" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: galen:Atrium
xref: EFO:0000277 ! atrium
xref: MAT:0000496 ! atrium
xref: BTO:0000903 ! atrium
xref: EFO:0000314 ! cardiac atrium
xref: FMA:7099 ! Cardiac atrium
xref: GAID:555 ! heart atrium
xref: VHOG:0000175 ! heart atrium
xref: MA:0000073 ! heart atrium
xref: TAO:0000471 ! atrium
xref: ZFA:0000471 ! atrium
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Atrium ! Cardiac Atrium
xref: EMAPA:16688 ! atrium
xref: MESH:A07.541.358 ! heart atrium
xref: EV:0100019 ! atrium
xref: EHDAA:1265 ! atrium
xref: EHDAA2:0000154 ! atrial region
is_a: UBERON:0004151 ! cardiac chamber
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010227 ! primordial cardiac atrium
xref: AAO:0010246 ! atrium
xref: SCTID:261405004 ! Entire atrium
property_value: external_definition "One of two chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins and forces it by muscular contration to the ventricle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010246", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "One of four heart chambers.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000471", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000175", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS\, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0018792

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010227 ! future cardiac atrium
name: future cardiac atrium
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium." [ZFA:0001718]
xref: TAO:0002228 ! presumptive atrium heart tube
xref: ZFA:0001718 ! presumptive atrium heart tube
xref: FMA:71005 ! primordial atrium
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004141 {source="ZFA"} ! heart tube
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
synonym: "primordial atrium" EXACT [FMA:71005]
synonym: "primordial cardiac atrium" EXACT [FMA:71005]
synonym: "presumptive atrium heart tube" EXACT [ZFA:0001718]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002082
name: cardiac ventricle
def: "Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle." [FMA:7100]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "heart ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "lower chamber of heart" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricle" BROAD []
synonym: "ventricle of heart" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000862
xref: EFO:0000317 ! ventricle
xref: FMA:7100 ! Cardiac ventricle
xref: GAID:568 ! heart ventricle
xref: VHOG:0000435 ! heart ventricle
xref: MA:0000091 ! heart ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000009 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: ZFA:0000009 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: XAO:0003193 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Ventricle ! Cardiac Ventricle
xref: galen:Ventricle ! ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! heart ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0004164 ! ventricular region
xref: EMAPA:17331 ! ventricle
xref: EHDAA:1912 ! ventricle
xref: MAT:0000497 ! ventricle
xref: MESH:A07.541.560 ! heart ventricle
xref: EV:0100020 ! ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0004151 ! cardiac chamber
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010226 ! primordial cardiac ventricle
xref: AAO:0010249 ! ventricle
xref: SCTID:277699000 ! Entire cardiac ventricle
property_value: external_definition "A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010249", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "One of four heart chambers.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000009", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...)[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000435", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS\, Vertebrate body (1970) p.428", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0018827

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010226 ! future cardiac ventricle
name: future cardiac ventricle
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle." [ZFA:0001719]
xref: TAO:0002231 ! presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube
xref: FMA:71006 ! primordial ventricle
xref: ZFA:0001719 ! presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube
synonym: "presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube" EXACT [ZFA:0001719]
synonym: "primordial ventricle" EXACT [FMA:71006]
synonym: "primordial cardiac ventricle" EXACT [FMA:71006]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004141 {source="ZFA"} ! heart tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002083
name: ductus venosus
def: "In the fetus, the ductus venosus shunts a significant majority (80%) of the blood flow of the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver. In conjunction with the other fetal shunts, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, it plays a critical role in preferentially shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain. The ductus venosus is open at the time of the birth and is the reason why umbilical vein catheterization works. Ductus venosus naturally closes during the first week of life in most full-term neonates; however, it may take much longer to close in pre-term neonates. Functional closure occurs within minutes of birth. Structural closure in term babies occurs within 3 to 7 days. After it closes, the remnant is known as ligamentum venosum[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ductus_venosus]
comment: Editor notes: add class for fetal shunt?
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:5402 ! ductus venosus
xref: FMA:71007 ! Ductus venosus
xref: VHOG:0000924 ! ductus venosus
xref: MA:0002111 ! ductus venosus
xref: ncithesaurus:Ductus_Venosus ! Ductus Venosus
xref: EHDAA2:0000422 ! ductus venosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gray502.png/200px-Gray502.png
xref: EMAPA:17343 ! ductus venosus
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="EHDAA2"} ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011695 ! embryonic cardiovascular system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005459 {source="EHDAA2"} ! left umbilical vein
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0005459 {source="cjm"} ! left umbilical vein
xref: SCTID:304829005 ! Entire ductus venosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray502.png
property_value: external_definition "The vascular channel in the fetus passing through the liver and joining the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000924", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ductus+venosus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1288338

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006587
name: ligamentum venosum
def: "The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis (gateway to the liver). It may be continuous with the round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres hepatis). It is invested by the peritoneal folds of the lesser omentum within a fissure on the inferior surface of the liver between the caudate and main parts of the left lobe." [Wikipedia:Ligamentum_venosum]
synonym: "ligamentum venosus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ligamentum_venosum]
synonym: "ligamentum venosum of liver" EXACT [FMA:14080]
synonym: "ligament of arantius" EXACT  [FMA:14080]
synonym: "ligamentum venosum (ductus venosus)" EXACT  [FMA:14080]
xref: FMA:14080 ! ligamentum venosum of liver
is_a: UBERON:0006592 {source="FMA"} ! transformed vein
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002083 ! ductus venosus
xref: SCTID:80391004 ! Entire ligamentum venosum of liver
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Gray1087-liver.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010504
name: obsolete round ligament
is_obsolete: true
consider: ncithesaurus:Round_Ligament ! round ligament
consider: UBERON:0006588 ! round ligament of liver
consider: UBERON:0006589

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006588 ! round ligament of liver
name: round ligament of liver
def: "a degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver. Anatomically, the round ligament divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections. The round ligament represents the remnant of the fetal left umbilical vein. The round ligament therefore only exists in mammals. Prenatally and for a month or two after birth, the left umbilical vein is patent, subsequently degenerating to fibrous tissue, the round ligament. The umbilical vein/round ligament inserts around the umbilicus and is an important landmark of the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall[WP]." [Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_liver]
synonym: "ligamentum teres hepatitis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_liver]
synonym: "ligamentum teres" BROAD [Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_liver]
synonym: "ligamentum teres of liver" EXACT [FMA:14079]
xref: FMA:14079 ! ligamentum teres of liver
is_a: UBERON:0006592 ! transformed vein
is_a: UBERON:0013139 ! ligament of liver
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002066 ! umbilical vein
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
synonym: "ligamentum teres hepatis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14079]
xref: ncithesaurus:Round_Ligament_of_the_Liver ! Round Ligament of the Liver
xref: SCTID:262209009 ! Entire ligamentum teres of liver
xref: UMLS:C0230247

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006589
name: round ligament of uterus
def: "The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium. It leaves the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora where its fibers spread and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis[WP]. A fibromuscular band that attaches to the uterus and then passes along the broad ligament, out through the inguinal ring, and into the labium majus[MESH]." [Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_uterus, MESH:A02.513.803]
synonym: "Hunter's ligament" EXACT [FMA:20420]
synonym: "ligamentum teres uteri" EXACT [Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_uterus]
synonym: "ligamentum teres of uterus" EXACT []
synonym: "round ligament of the uterus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_uterus]
synonym: "round ligament" BROAD [GAID:130]
xref: FMA:20420 ! round ligament of uterus
xref: GAID:130 ! round ligament
is_a: UBERON:0008845 {source="FMA"} ! nonskeletal ligament
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004346 {source="Wikipedia"} ! gubernaculum
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006588 ! round ligament of liver
xref: ncithesaurus:Round_Ligament_of_the_Uterus ! Round Ligament of the Uterus
xref: SCTID:245495009 ! Entire round ligament of uterus
synonym: "ligamentum teres uteri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Round_ligament_of_uterus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray1138.png
xref: UMLS:C0035877

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006590 ! vestigial embryonic structure
name: vestigial embryonic structure
def: "Anatomical structure which is a remnant of an embryonic structure in the postnatal period. Examples: median umbilical ligament, paroohoron, prostatic utricle, ligamentum arteriosum.[FMA]" [FMA:16558, FMA:FMA]
xref: FMA:16558 ! vestigial embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006591
name: transformed artery
xref: FMA:14076 ! Transformed artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0006590 ! vestigial embryonic structure
intersection_of: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0001637 ! artery
def: "A vestigial embryonic structure that develops_from a artery." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006607
name: medial umbilical ligament
def: "The medial umbilical ligament is a paired structure found in human anatomy. It is on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall, and is covered by the medial umbilical folds." [Wikipedia:Medial_umbilical_ligament]
synonym: "medial umbilical fold" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_umbilical_ligament]
synonym: "medial umbilical ligaments" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_umbilical_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum umbilicale mediale" EXACT [FMA:14077]
xref: FMA:14077 ! medial umbilical ligament
is_a: UBERON:0006591 ! transformed artery
synonym: "chorda arteria umbilicalis; ligamentum umbilicale mediale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_umbilical_ligament]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Gray1037.png
xref: SCTID:279427007 ! Entire medial umbilical fold

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006592 ! transformed vein
name: transformed vein
xref: FMA:14078 ! Transformed vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0006590 ! vestigial embryonic structure
intersection_of: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0001638 ! vein
def: "A vestigial embryonic structure that develops_from a vein." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002085
name: interatrial septum
def: "Cardiac septum which separates the right atrium from the left atrium.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Interatrial_septum, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "atrial septum" EXACT []
synonym: "interatrial septal wall" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:1896 ! interatrial septum
xref: FMA:7108 ! Interatrial septum
xref: galen:InteratrialSeptum
xref: VHOG:0000385 ! interatrial septum
xref: MA:0000084 ! atrial septum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rpd49nLYEEduAAAACs2IKfQ
xref: ncithesaurus:Interatrial_Septum ! Interatrial Septum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rpd49nLYEEduAAAACs2IKfQ ! interatrial septum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwGvku5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! atrial septum
xref: EHDAA2:0000838 ! interatrial septum
xref: EMAPA:17011 ! interatrial septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0002099 ! cardiac septum
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002079 ! left atrium
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium
xref: SCTID:362016003 ! Entire interatrial septum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png
property_value: external_definition "The partition separating the right and left atria of the heart. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000385", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/interatrial+septum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000385", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225836

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002086
name: sinoatrial valve
def: "A valve at the opening of the sinus venosus into the primordial atrium[TFD,modified]" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sinoatrial+valve]
comment: Usage notes: in humans and mouse this is the opening from SV into right atrium. This class represents the valve connecting the SV to any atrium and is applicable to animals with a single atrium
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:71120 ! Sinoatrial valve
xref: TAO:0000680 ! sinoatrial valve
xref: ZFA:0000680 ! sinoatrial valve
synonym: "sinuatrial valve" EXACT [MP:0011646]
is_a: UBERON:0000946 ! cardial valve
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002062 {source="ZFA", source="PMID:15797462"} ! endocardial cushion
relationship: connects UBERON:0002063 {source="ZFA-modified"} ! sinus venosus
relationship: connects UBERON:0002081 {source="ZFA-modified"} ! cardiac atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011820
name: atrioventricular region
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 {source="EHDAA2"} ! heart
xref: EHDAA2:0004149 ! atrioventricular region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002087
name: atrioventricular canal
def: "The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle[ZFA]. In the developing heart, the constriction between the atrium and ventricle constitutes the atrial canal, and indicates the site of the future atrioventricular valves[WP]." [Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_canal, ZFA:0001315, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/38]
comment: AO notes - this is a lumen in EHDAA2. Development notes: The right side of the AVC becomes the tricuspid valve whereas the left side of the AVC will become the bicuspid valve
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "AV canal" EXACT []
synonym: "atrial canal" EXACT [Wikipedia:Atrial_canal]
synonym: "atrio-ventricular canal" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000152]
synonym: "canalis atrioventricularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_canal]
xref: FMA:71121 ! Atrioventricular canal
xref: VHOG:0001473 ! atrioventricular canal
xref: TAO:0001315 ! atrioventricular canal
xref: ZFA:0001315 ! atrioventricular canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gray464.png/200px-Gray464.png
xref: EMAPA:16546 ! atrio-ventricular canal
xref: EHDAA:764 ! atrio-ventricular canal
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011820 {source="EHDAA2"} ! atrioventricular region
relationship: connects UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
relationship: connects UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007279 {source="ZFA", evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive atrioventricular canal
xref: SCTID:341079007 ! Entire atrioventricular canal
xref: XAO:0004123 ! atrioventricular canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Gray464.png
property_value: external_definition "The canal connecting the primitive atrium and ventricle in fishes and amniotes embryo. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001473", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/atrioventricular+canal", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The heart is the first organ to form and function in a vertebrate. (...) Septation of the AV canal is initiated with the formation of inferior and superior endocardial cushions in response to signaling from the overlying myocardium. (...) Analysis of zebrafish mutants with cardiovascular defects uncovered a previously unexpected level of conservation between zebrafish and human cardiovascular physiology.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001473", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ddmec.2004.08.004 Haramis APG\, Clevers HC\, Holehearted: genetic approaches to congenital cardiac valve malformations. Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011819
name: lumen of atrioventricular canal
synonym: "lumen of AVC" EXACT []
synonym: "AVC lumen" EXACT []
synonym: "cavity of atrioventricular canal" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005082 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tube lumen
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0002087 ! atrioventricular canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002087 ! atrioventricular canal
xref: EHDAA2:0000152 ! atrioventricular canal
def: "A tube lumen that is part of a atrioventricular canal." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003907
name: left atrioventricular canal
comment: AO notes: EHDAA2 represents lumen
synonym: "left AVC" EXACT []
xref: FMA:71123 ! left atrioventricular canal
xref: EHDAA2:0000935 ! left atrio-ventricular canal
synonym: "left atrio-ventricular canal" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000935]
xref: EHDAA:5336 ! left of atrio-ventricular canal
intersection_of: UBERON:0002087 ! atrioventricular canal
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0011820 ! atrioventricular region
def: "An atrioventricular canal that is in the left side of a atrioventricular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003908
name: right atrioventricular canal
comment: AO notes: EHDAA2 represents lumen
synonym: "right AVC" EXACT []
xref: FMA:71122 ! right atrioventricular canal
xref: EHDAA2:0001719 ! right atrio-ventricular canal
synonym: "right atrio-ventricular canal" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001719]
xref: EHDAA:5338 ! right of atrio-ventricular canal
intersection_of: UBERON:0002087 ! atrioventricular canal
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0011820 ! atrioventricular region
def: "An atrioventricular canal that is in the right side of a atrioventricular region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003930
name: atrioventricular canal endocardium
def: "Endocardium that is part of the atrioventricular canal[ZFA,vetted]." [ZFA:0001616]
synonym: "AVC endocardium" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "AV canal endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of AV canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of atrioventricular canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002087 ! atrioventricular canal
xref: ZFA:0001616 ! atrioventricular canal endocardium
xref: XAO:0004124 ! atrioventricular canal endocardium
xref: TAO:0002170 ! atrioventricular canal endocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007279
name: presumptive atrioventricular canal
xref: ZFA:0001723 ! presumptive atrioventricular canal
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002087 ! atrioventricular canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004141 ! heart tube
xref: TAO:0002227 ! presumptive atrioventricular canal
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the atrioventricular canal.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002227", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a atrioventricular canal." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002133
name: atrioventricular valve
def: "Cardiac valve which has as its parts the leaf of cardiac valve that separates the atrium from the ventricle. // The atrioventricular valve has four distinct leaflets oriented anterior, posterior, left, and right of the atrioventricular orifice. <a href='ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-010912-30'>Hu et al. 2001.</a>" [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Heart_valve#Atrioventricular_valves]
comment: AO notes: in ZFA this is part of both atrium and ventricle, but we use a connecting relationship here; see also notes for left and right.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "AV valve" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:7421 ! atrioventricular valves
xref: FMA:7233 ! Atrioventricular valve
xref: galen:AtrioventricularValve
xref: VHOG:0001472 ! atrioventricular valve
xref: MA:0002789 ! atrioventricular valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rfCfdorrpEduAAAACs6hRXg
xref: TAO:0005064 ! atrioventricular valve
xref: ZFA:0005064 ! atrioventricular valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rfCfdorrpEduAAAACs6hRXg ! atrioventricular valve
xref: EHDAA2:0000153 ! atrioventricular valves
is_a: UBERON:0000946 ! cardial valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011820 {source="EHDAA2"} ! atrioventricular region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002062 {source="PMID:15797462", source="ZFA"} ! endocardial cushion
relationship: connects UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
relationship: connects UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0004292 {source="FMA"} ! cardiac skeleton
xref: SCTID:11124005 ! Atrioventricular valve
property_value: external_definition "The atrioventricular valve has four distinct leaflets oriented anterior, posterior, left, and right of the atrioventricular orifice. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005064", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Valve in the heart through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001472", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/atrioventricular+valve", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The conus arteriosus is the most distal part of the primitive fish heart and forms the connection between the ventricle and the ventral aorta.  At the sinoatrial, the atrioventricular, and the ventriculoconal junctions, valves developed to prevent backflow of blood during relaxation of the preceding compartment.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001472", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002134
name: tricuspid valve
def: "Atrioventricular valve which has as its parts the anterior, posterior and septal leaflets, attached to the fibrous ring of tricuspid valve.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Tricuspid_valve, FMA:FMA]
comment: AO notes: FMA part_ofs changed to connects
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "right atrioventricular valve" EXACT  [FMA:7234]
xref: EHDAA:7427 ! tricuspid valve
xref: FMA:7234 ! Tricuspid valve
xref: GAID:567 ! tricuspid valve
xref: VHOG:0000816 ! tricuspid valve
xref: MA:0000090 ! tricuspid valve
xref: ncithesaurus:Tricuspid_Valve ! Tricuspid Valve
xref: galen:TricuspidValve ! tricuspid valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvuWAAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! tricuspid valve
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002081 ! tricuspid valve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17873 ! tricuspid valve
xref: MESH:A07.541.510.893 ! tricuspid valve
intersection_of: UBERON:0002133 ! atrioventricular valve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005965 ! outflow part of right atrium
relationship: connects UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium
relationship: connects UBERON:0002080 ! heart right ventricle
synonym: "valva atrioventricularis dextra" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7234]
synonym: "valvula tricuspidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tricuspid_valve]
xref: SCTID:181288007 ! Entire tricuspid valve
xref: EHDAA2:0004029 ! tricuspid valve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg
property_value: external_definition "The three-segmented valve of the heart that keeps blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000816", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tricuspid+valves", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000816", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566 Combs MD\, Yutzey KE\, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0040960

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002135 ! mitral valve
name: mitral valve
def: "Atrioventricular valve which has as its parts the anterior and posterior leaflets, attached to the fibrous ring of mitral valve.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Mitral_valve, FMA:FMA]
comment: AO notes: FMA part_ofs changed to connects
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bicuspid valve" RELATED []
synonym: "left atrioventricular valve" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7235 ! Mitral valve
xref: GAID:565 ! mitral valve
xref: VHOG:0000817 ! mitral valve
xref: MA:0000088 ! mitral valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4l2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Mitral_Valve ! Mitral Valve
xref: galen:MitralValve ! mitral valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4l2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! mitral valve
xref: EHDAA2:0000168 ! bicuspid valve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17871 ! mitral valve
xref: MESH:A07.541.510.507 ! mitral valve
xref: EFO:0003933 ! mitral valve
intersection_of: UBERON:0002133 ! atrioventricular valve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005966 ! outflow part of left atrium
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0005995 {source="FMA"} ! mitral valve anulus
relationship: connects UBERON:0002079 {source="FMA"} ! left atrium
relationship: connects UBERON:0002084 {source="FMA"} ! heart left ventricle
synonym: "valva atrioventricularis sinistra" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7235]
synonym: "valva mitralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mitral_valve]
xref: SCTID:181286006 ! Entire mitral valve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg
property_value: external_definition "A valve of the heart, composed of two triangular flaps, that is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and regulates blood flow between these chambers. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000817", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mitral+valve", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000817", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566 Combs MD\, Yutzey KE\, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0026264

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002137 ! aortic valve
name: aortic valve
def: "Cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of aortic valve.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Aortic_valve, FMA:FMA]
comment: Human variation: It is normally tricuspid (with three leaflets), although in 1% of the population it is found to be congenitally bicuspid (two leaflets)
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:4410 ! aortic valve
xref: FMA:7236 ! Aortic valve
xref: GAID:563 ! aortic valve
xref: galen:AorticValve
xref: VHOG:0000815 ! aortic valve
xref: MA:0000087 ! aortic valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5914JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Aortic_Valve ! Aortic Valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5914JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! aortic valve
xref: EHDAA2:0000134 ! aortic valve
xref: BTO:0004628 ! aortic valve
xref: EMAPA:17870 ! aortic valve
xref: MESH:A07.541.510.110 ! aortic valve
xref: EFO:0003879 ! aortic valve
is_a: UBERON:0005623 {source="MA"} ! semi-lunar valves
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005956 ! outflow part of left ventricle
xref: SCTID:181287002 ! Entire aortic valve
synonym: "valva aortae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Aortic_valve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg
property_value: external_definition "The valve between the left ventricle of the heart and the ascending aorta, consisting of three semilunar cusps. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000815", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+valve", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0003501

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002088
name: lateral thoracic vein
def: "The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_vein]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:71210 ! Lateral thoracic vein
xref: MA:0002162 ! lateral thoracic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray576.png/200px-Gray576.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0000985 {source="FMA/obol"} ! axillary vein
xref: SCTID:53595001 ! Entire lateral thoracic vein
synonym: "vena thoracica lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002089
name: thoracodorsal vein
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:71213 ! Thoracodorsal vein
xref: MA:0002238 ! thoracodorsal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0000985 {source="FMA/obol"} ! axillary vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011137 ! axial skeletal system
name: axial skeletal system
def: "Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
xref: FMA:7483 ! axial skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011249 ! appendicular skeletal system
name: appendicular skeletal system
def: "Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
xref: FMA:7484 ! appendicular skeletal system
xref: VSAO:0000306 ! appendicular skeletal system
xref: VHOG:0001666 ! appendicular skeleton (also: UBERON:0002091 'entire appendicular skeleton')
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000306", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="UBERON:cjm"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005944
name: axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]." [VSAO:0000056, FMA:71221, Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton, UBERONREF:0000008]
comment: See [UBERONREF:0000008]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: MA:0000308 ! axial skeleton
xref: ncithesaurus:Axial_Skeleton ! Axial Skeleton
xref: EMAPA:18043 ! axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo (also: UBERON:0002090 'postcranial axial skeleton')
xref: EMAPA:17214 ! axial skeleton of skeleton of embryo (also: UBERON:0002090 'postcranial axial skeleton')
xref: VSAO:0000056 ! axial skeleton
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004288 ! skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011137 ! axial skeletal system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 ! sclerotome
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: SCTID:361725000 ! Entire axial skeleton
xref: AAO:0000963 ! axial skeleton
xref: XAO:0004011 ! axial skeleton
synonym: "skeleton axiale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000056", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
xref: UMLS:C0222645

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011138 ! post-cranial axial skeletal system
name: post-cranial axial skeletal system
synonym: "axial skeletal system" BROAD [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000008]
def: "Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the post-cranial axial skeleton plus associated joints." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 {source="cjm"} ! sclerotome
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000003" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002090
name: postcranial axial skeleton
def: "The post-cranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]." [ZFA:0000317, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2983975&group_id=76834&atid=974957, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=2983977&group_id=76834]
comment: previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "axial skeleton" BROAD [FMA:71221, UBERONREF:0000008]
synonym: "post-cranial axial skeleton" EXACT []
xref: FMA:71221 ! Axial skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0000161 ! axial skeleton
xref: AAO:0000034 ! axial_skeleton
xref: EHDAA:5049 ! axial skeleton
xref: VHOG:0000317 ! axial skeleton
xref: MA:0002986 ! post-cranial axial skeleton
xref: MAT:0000148 ! axial skeleton
xref: MIAA:0000148 ! axial skeleton
xref: TAO:0000317 ! postcranial axial skeleton
xref: XAO:0003073 ! postcranial axial skeleton
xref: ZFA:0000317 ! postcranial axial skeleton
xref: EMAPA:18043 ! axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo (also: UBERON:0005944 'axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton')
xref: EMAPA:17214 ! axial skeleton of skeleton of embryo (also: UBERON:0005944 'axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton')
xref: VSAO:0000093 ! postcranial axial skeleton
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 ! sclerotome
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005944 ! axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011138 ! post-cranial axial skeletal system
property_value: external_definition "The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000034", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000317", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000093", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: homology_notes "The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000317", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-8-4 Schilling N\, Evolution of the axial system in craniates: morphology and function of the perivertebral musculature. Frontiers in Zoology (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
name: appendicular skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the  skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: Note that ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "entire appendicular skeleton" EXACT [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/59]
synonym: "appendicular skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "paired fin skeleton" NARROW SENSU []
xref: AAO:0000747 ! appendicular_skeleton
xref: FMA:71222 ! Appendicular skeleton
xref: MA:0000290 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: MAT:0000278 ! paired fin skeleton
xref: MIAA:0000278 ! paired fin skeleton
xref: XAO:0003166 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: ncithesaurus:Appendicular_Skeleton ! Appendicular Skeleton
xref: EFO:0000951 ! paired fin skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000076 ! appendicular skeleton
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 ! Gnathostomata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011249 ! appendicular skeletal system
xref: SCTID:322050006 ! Entire appendicular skeleton
synonym: "skeleton appendiculare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Appendicular_skeleton_diagram.svg
property_value: external_definition "The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000747", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: VHOG:0001666 ! appendicular skeleton (also: UBERON:0011249 'appendicular skeletal system')
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000027", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000076", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170", source="UBERON:cjm"}
xref: UMLS:C0222646

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002092
name: brain dura mater
def: "the fibrous membrane forming the outer of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity; consists of two layers including the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer." [MP:0009025]
synonym: "dura mater of brain" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial dura mater" EXACT [FMA:71236]
synonym: "dura mater encephali" EXACT []
xref: FMA:71236 ! cranial dura mater
xref: VHOG:0000270 ! brain dura mater
xref: MA:0000815 ! brain dura mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Dura_Mater ! Brain Dura Mater
xref: EMAPA:17766 ! dura mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003561 'forebrain dura mater') (also: UBERON:0003564 'diencephalon dura mater')
xref: EMAPA:17785 ! dura mater of meninges of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system (also: UBERON:0003565 'hindbrain dura mater')
xref: EMAPA:17793 ! dura mater of meninges of midbrain (also: UBERON:0003562 'midbrain dura mater')
xref: EV:0100313 ! dura mater (also: UBERON:0002363 'dura mater')
is_a: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: SCTID:309321003 ! Entire brain dura mater
property_value: external_definition "The outermost and densest membrane of the three mammalian meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000270", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000270", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0459393

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002093
name: spinal dura mater
def: "A dura mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "dura mater of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord dura mater" EXACT []
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:71237 ! Spinal dura mater
xref: VHOG:0000411 ! spinal cord dura mater
xref: MA:0001132 ! spinal cord dura mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Dura_Mater ! Spinal Cord Dura Mater
xref: EMAPA:17806 ! dura mater of meninges of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
is_a: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:362302001 ! Entire spinal dura mater
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "The outermost and densest membrane of the three mammalian meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000411", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000411", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0228124

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004142
name: outflow tract septum
def: "The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract" [GO:0003148]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002099 ! cardiac septum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006207
alt_id: UBERON:0005999
name: aortico-pulmonary spiral septum
def: "the spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions." [Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum, MP:0010650]
synonym: "spiral septum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum]
synonym: "aortic septum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum]
synonym: "aortico-pulmonary septum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum]
synonym: "aorticopulmonary septum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum]
synonym: "septum aorticopulmonale" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16827 ! aortico-pulmonary spiral septum
xref: EHDAA2:0000136 ! aortico-pulmonary spiral septum
xref: VHOG:0000502 ! aortico-pulmonary spiral septum
xref: EHDAA:2592 ! aortico-pulmonary spiral septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0002099 ! cardiac septum
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002333 ! pulmonary trunk
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0005805 ! dorsal aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004145 {source="EMAPA"} ! outflow tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000095 {source="Wikipedia", source="PMID:6844926"} ! cardiac neural crest
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Gray470.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002094
name: interventricular septum
def: "Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ventricular septum" RELATED [MA:0000085]
synonym: "heart ventricular septum" EXACT [MA:0000085]
synonym: "heart interventricular septum" EXACT [MA:0000085]
synonym: "interventricular septum of heart" RELATED [BTO:0002483]
synonym: "interventriculare cordis" RELATED [BTO:0002483]
xref: EHDAA:2603 ! interventricular septum
xref: FMA:7133 ! Interventricular septum
xref: galen:InterventricularSeptum
xref: VHOG:0000386 ! interventricular septum
xref: MA:0000085 ! heart ventricular septum
xref: ncithesaurus:Interventricular_Septum ! Interventricular Septum
xref: BTO:0002483 ! interventricular septum
xref: EFO:0001956 ! interventricular septum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwA7lp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ventricular septum
xref: EHDAA2:0000885 ! interventricular septum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray498.png/200px-Gray498.png
xref: EMAPA:17333 ! interventricular septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0002099 ! cardiac septum
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002084 ! left ventricle
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
xref: SCTID:362019005 ! Entire interventricular septum
synonym: "s. interventriculare cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray498.png
property_value: external_definition "The partition separating the right and left ventricles of the heart. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000386", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/interventricular+septum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The two most progressive vertebrate classes, the birds and mammals, have completed the ventricular septum and at long last have completely separated the two blood streams along the length of the major heart chambers. This development has obviously been brought about independently in the two cases, since mammals and birds have evolved independently from primitive reptiles.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000386", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS\, Vertebrate body (1970) p.430", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225870

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013220
name: foramen of Panizza
def: "The Foramen of Panizza is a hole with that connects the left and right aorta as they leave the heart of all animals of the order Crocodilia. Crocodilians have a completely separated ventricle with deoxygenated blood from the body, or systemic circulation, in the right ventricle and oxygenated blood from the lungs, or pulmonary circulation, in the left ventricle, as in birds and mammals. Two vessels, the left aorta and the pulmonary artery, exit the right ventricle. Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, as in mammals and birds. However, when a unique active valve leading to the pulmonary artery contracts, pressure in the right ventricle can increase and blood can leave the right ventricle, enter the left aortic arch, and therefore bypass the pulmonary circulation. The foramen of panizza connects the left and right aorta. Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, sitting in the left aorta, can flow into the right aorta through the foramen of panizza. When the heart is relaxed, some oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, sitting in the right aorta, can flow into the left aorta across the foramen of panizza. However, some species of Crocodilians have regulatory sphincters that prevent unwanted flow of blood through the foramen of panizza during non-diving." [Wikipedia:Foramen_of_Panizza]
is_a: UBERON:0000464  ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 {source="Wikipedia"} ! cardiovascular system
relationship: connects UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: connects UBERON:0000947 {cardinality="2"} ! aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8493 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Crocodylidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002095
name: mesentery
def: "Anatomical organ component composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera.  Examples: greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon." [FMA:7144, Wikipedia:Mesentery, Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28general.29]
comment: Note that in Uberon, this term is used in the generic sense, not necessarily restricted to the peritoneum, consistent with FMA. WP: "In anatomy, the mesentery is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen. Its meaning, however, is frequently extended to include double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity.". TODO - check. Consider FMA:259286 - Region of mesentery. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mesentery (generic)" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mesentery]
synonym: "generic mesentery" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mesentery]
xref: BTO:0001380
xref: FMA:7144 ! Mesentery
xref: GAID:21 ! mesentery
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesentery ! Mesentery
xref: galen:Mesentery ! mesentery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray1038.png/200px-Gray1038.png
xref: MESH:A01.047.025.600.451 ! mesentery
xref: EV:0100083 ! mesentery
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002296 {evidence="definitional"} ! dorsal mesentery
xref: AAO:0011061 ! mesentery
xref: SCTID:362707009 ! Entire mesentery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray1038.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mesenteric" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0025474

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007826
name: peritoneal mesentery
def: "A double layer composed of peritoneum that attaches the visceral organs to the body wall." [ZFIN:curator]
xref: FMA:20570 ! peritoneal mesentery
xref: TAO:0005129 ! mesentery
xref: XAO:0000138 ! mesentery
xref: ZFA:0005129 ! mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001178 {source="FMA"} ! visceral peritoneum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 {source="ZFA"} ! peritoneum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001170
name: mesentery of small intestine
def: "the peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]." [Wikipedia:Mesentery#Mesentery_.28proper.29]
synonym: "mesentery proper" EXACT  [FMA:14643]
synonym: "mesentery (proper)" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mesentery]
synonym: "small intestinal mesentery" EXACT  [FMA:14643]
synonym: "small intestine mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14643 ! Mesentery of small intestine
xref: MA:0001555 ! small intestine mesentery
is_a: UBERON:0007826 {source="FMA"} ! peritoneal mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
xref: SCTID:245456008 ! Entire small intestine mesentery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002098
name: apex of heart
def: "The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart. It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Apex_of_the_heart]
comment: Note that FMA also has terms for the apical zone
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cardiac apex" EXACT  [FMA:7164]
synonym: "heart apex" EXACT []
synonym: "apex cordis" EXACT LATIN []
xref: FMA:7164 ! Apex of heart
xref: MA:0000488 ! heart apex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray492.png/200px-Gray492.png
is_a: UBERON:0006983 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: ncithesaurus:Apex_of_the_Heart ! Apex of the Heart
xref: SCTID:362009004 ! Entire apex of heart
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray492.png
xref: UMLS:C0225811

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002099
name: cardiac septum
def: "The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles." [MESH:A07.541.459]
comment: Note in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this. Taxon notes: "Terrestrial vertebrates have divided hearts in which septae separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the pulmonary and systemic circulations"
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cardiac septa" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "heart septum" EXACT []
synonym: "heart septa" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "septum of heart" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7180 ! Cardiac septum
xref: GAID:562 ! heart septum
xref: MA:0000083 ! heart septum
xref: ncithesaurus:Heart_Septum ! Heart Septum
xref: MESH:A07.541.459 ! heart septum
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004151 ! cardiac chamber
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: SCTID:362014000 ! Entire cardiac septum
xref: XAO:0004141 ! spiral septum
xref: UMLS:C0018819

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006057 ! multi-segment region
name: obsolete multi-segment region
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006058 ! multi-limb segment region
name: multi-limb segment region
def: "A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions)." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001460
name: arm
def: "The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm]." [Wikipedia:Arm]
comment: This class refers to the combination of the stylopod and zeugopod of a forelimb. Sometimes (cf FMA), 'arm' denotes the stylopod only; sometimes (cf MA), 'arm' denotes the part of the forelimb covering both (i.e. shoulder to hand). Also note distinction between arm and forelimb: hand is part of forelimb, but not part of arm. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping hand, as AOs disagree over whether some wrist parts are in the arm or hand
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "upper extremity" RELATED [MESH:A01.378.800]
xref: EHDAA:4164 ! arm
xref: EHDAA:6210 ! arm
xref: EHDAA:8275 ! arm
xref: GAID:52 ! arm
xref: VHOG:0000339 ! arm
xref: MA:0000033 ! arm
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjp5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0001435 ! arm
xref: EFO:0001410 ! arm
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjp5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! arm
xref: EHDAA2:0000140 ! arm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Upperarm.jpg/200px-Upperarm.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.075 ! arm (also: UBERON:0003822 'forelimb stylopod')
xref: MESH:A01.378.800 ! upper extremity 
xref: EMAPA:17413 ! arm of forelimb
is_a: UBERON:0006058 ! multi-limb segment region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
synonym: "brachium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Arm]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Upperarm.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000339", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000978 ! leg
name: leg
def: "The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod." [Wikipedia:Leg#Limb]
comment: The term leg can mean: [1] an appendage on which an animal walks [2] the entire hindlimb of a tetrapod [3] the segment of a human leg between knee and ankle (cf FMA) [4] the region of a hindlimb include the stylopod and zeugopod, but excluding the autopod. We define this class as [4], and thus 'leg' is compltely analagous to 'arm'. For [1], see the class 'locomotive weight-bearing appendage'. For [2] we use 'hindlimb'. For [3] we use the less open to misinterpretation 'hindlimb zeugopod'.  Editor note: currently declared as overlapping foot, as AOs disagree over whether some ankle parts are in the leg or foot
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tetrapod leg" EXACT []
synonym: "lower extremity" RELATED [MESH:A01.378.610]
xref: BTO:0000721
xref: EHDAA:5151 ! leg
xref: EHDAA:6176 ! leg
xref: EHDAA:8289 ! leg
xref: GAID:49 ! leg
xref: VHOG:0000345 ! leg
xref: MA:0000047 ! leg
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViYzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0001411 ! leg
xref: EHDAA2:0000972 ! leg
xref: EMAPA:17489 ! leg of hindlimb
xref: MESH:A01.378.610 ! lower extremity 
is_a: UBERON:0006058 ! multi-limb segment region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001464 ! hip
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000345", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005894 ! locomotive weight-bearing appendage
name: locomotive weight-bearing appendage
def: "A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands (GO:0035110)." [GO:0035110, Wikipedia:Leg]
comment: Functional grouping, currently encompasses vertebrate and insect legs. This class was originally introduced to support GO:0035110, but this has been obsoleted.
subset: functional_classification
synonym: "leg" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005895 ! insect leg
name: insect leg
def: "The walking appendages of each segment of the ventral adult external thorax[FBbt]. A leg derived from an imaginal disc[GO]." [FBbt:00004640, GO:0007480]
synonym: "imaginal disc-derived leg" EXACT [GO:0007480]
xref: FBbt:00004640 ! leg
xref: MAT:0000095 ! limb sensu invertebrata
xref: MIAA:0000095 ! limb sensu invertebrata
xref: TGMA:0000164 ! adult leg
is_a: UBERON:0005894 ! locomotive weight-bearing appendage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
alt_id: UBERON:0009872
name: limb/fin
comment: this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin.
synonym: "jointed paired lateral appendage" NARROW [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "limb or fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "girdle-associated appendage" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pectoral or pelvic appendage" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pelvic/pectoral appendage" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "paired appendage" EXACT [VSAO:0000067]
is_a: UBERON:0000026 {source="VSAO"} ! appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010707 {source="VSAO"} ! appendage girdle complex
intersection_of: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010707 ! appendage girdle complex
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0007823 ! appendage girdle region
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004357 {evidence="definitional"} ! limb/fin bud
xref: VSAO:0000067 ! paired appendage
def: "An appendage that is part of a appendage girdle complex." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004709 ! pelvic appendage
alt_id: UBERON:0009876
name: pelvic appendage
def: "Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues." [VSAO:0000150]
comment: VSAO notes - in contrast to VSAO, we include separate subclasses for limbs and fins
synonym: "hindlimb/pelvic fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pelvic appendage" EXACT [VSAO:0000126]
synonym: "pelvic limb/fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005420 {evidence="definitional"} ! pelvic appendage bud
xref: VSAO:0000126 ! pelvic appendage
synonym: "posterior paired appendage" EXACT [VSAO:0000126]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004710 ! pectoral appendage
alt_id: UBERON:0009875
name: pectoral appendage
def: "Paired appendage that consists of the anterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues." [VSAO:0000150-modified]
synonym: "anterior paired appendage" EXACT  [VSAO:0000148]
synonym: "forelimb/pectoral fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "anterior limb/fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pectoral limb/fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "forelimb or pectoral fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "forelimb - pectoral fin" EXACT [VHOG:0001753]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005419 {evidence="definitional"} ! pectoral appendage bud
xref: VSAO:0000125 ! pectoral appendage
xref: VHOG:0001753 ! forelimb - pectoral fin
property_value: homology_notes "While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001753", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/jmor.10264 Davis MC\, Shubin NH\, Force A\, Pectoral fin and girdle development in the basal actinopterygians Polyodon spathula and Acipenser transmontanus. Journal of Morphology (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005896 ! jointed/prehensile appendage
name: jointed/prehensile appendage
def: "A jointed or prehensible appendage used for locomotion or manipulation. Examples: human arm, human leg, octopus tentacle, insect limb[Wikipedia]. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. For example a leg, arm or some types of fin[GO]." [GO:0035108, Wikipedia:Limb_(anatomy)]
comment: Usage notes: this class was originally introduced to account for the previously vague use of the term 'limb' in GO. 
synonym: "limb" RELATED [BTO:0001492, AEO:0000172, GO:0035108]
synonym: "extremity" RELATED []
synonym: "extremities" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "extremitaet" RELATED [BTO:0001492]
consider: ncithesaurus:Extremities ! Extremities
consider: AEO:0000172 ! limb
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002101 ! limb
name: limb
def: "A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts." [Wikipedia:Limb, UBERONREF:0000003]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "limb sensu vertebrata" EXACT [MAT:0000090]
synonym: "tetrapod limb" EXACT []
synonym: "pentadactyl limb" EXACT []
synonym: "free limb" EXACT [FMA:24875]
synonym: "flipper" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "extremity" RELATED []
synonym: "extremities" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: EHDAA:1697 ! limb
xref: EHDAA:8273 ! limb
xref: FMA:24875 ! Free limb
xref: GAID:36 ! extremity
xref: galen:Extremity
xref: VHOG:0000336 ! limb
xref: MA:0000007 ! limb
xref: MAT:0000090 ! limb sensu vertebrata
xref: MIAA:0000090 ! limb sensu vertebrata
xref: XAO:0003027 ! limb
xref: ncithesaurus:Limb ! Limb
xref: EFO:0000876 ! vertebrate limb
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvn1uSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! limb
xref: EHDAA2:0003172 ! limb
xref: EMAPA:16405 ! limb
xref: AAO:0010336 ! limb
xref: AEO:0000172 ! limb
is_a: UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004347 ! limb bud
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda
relationship: confers_advantage_in ENVO:00002009 ! terrestrial habitat
xref: AAO:0010336 ! limb
xref: SCTID:243996003 ! Entire limb
xref: VSAO:0000121 ! limb
property_value: external_definition "Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010336", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000336", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0015385

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
name: forelimb
def: "A (free) limb that is connected to a pectoral girdle. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pectoral girdle and its parts." [Wikipedia:Forelimb, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: AO notes: note that this corresponds to FMA:'free upper limb' (a limb segment), NOT FMA:'upper limb'. Both MA and FMA consider shoulder (and shoulder bones) part of upper limb. Usage notes:  Note distinction between arm and forelimb. hand is part of forelimb, but not part of arm
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pectoral limb" EXACT []
synonym: "pectoral flipper" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "anteriormost limb" EXACT []
synonym: "fore limb" EXACT []
synonym: "foreleg" RELATED []
synonym: "forelimb" EXACT []
synonym: "superior member" EXACT []
synonym: "upper extremity" EXACT []
synonym: "upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "free upper limb" EXACT [FMA:24878, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "free part of upper limb" EXACT  [FMA:24878]
synonym: "membrum superius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7183]
xref: AAO:0000205 ! forelimb
xref: EFO:0000882 ! forelimb
xref: EHDAA:6208 ! upper limb
xref: FMA:24878 ! free upper limb
xref: GAID:1215 ! forelimb
xref: GAID:51 ! upper extremity
xref: VHOG:0000338 ! forelimb
xref: MA:0000025 ! forelimb
xref: MAT:0000394 ! forelimb
xref: MIAA:0000394 ! forelimb
xref: XAO:0003030 ! forelimb
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Extremity ! Upper Extremity
xref: BTO:0001729 ! forelimb
xref: galen:UpperExtremity ! upper extremity
xref: EHDAA2:0002133 ! upper limb
xref: EMAPA:17412 ! forelimb
xref: MESH:A13.395 ! forelimb
xref: EV:0100014 ! upper limb
xref: VSAO:0000148 ! forelimb
intersection_of: UBERON:0002101 ! limb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001421 ! pectoral girdle region
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000153 ! anterior region of body
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005417 ! forelimb bud
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: SCTID:182245002 ! Entire upper limb
property_value: external_definition "Upper limb, which connects the manus with the pectoral girdle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000205", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C1140618
xref: CALOHA:TS-2214 ! Upper limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
name: hindlimb
def: "A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts." [Wikipedia:Lower_limb, Wikipedia:Hindlimb, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: AO notes: note that this corresponds to FMA:'free lower limb' (a limb segment), NOT 'lower limb'. Both MA and FMA consider shoulder (and shoulder bones) part of upper limb. Note that AAO class probably refers to skeleton
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "free lower limb" EXACT [UBERONREF:0000003, FMA:24879]
synonym: "pelvic appendage" RELATED []
synonym: "hind limb" EXACT []
synonym: "hindlimb" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior member" EXACT []
synonym: "lower extremity" RELATED []
synonym: "lower limb" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000219 ! hind_limb
xref: EFO:0000883 ! hindlimb
xref: EHDAA:6094 ! lower limb
xref: FMA:24879 ! free lower limb
xref: GAID:1221 ! hindlimb
xref: GAID:38 ! lower extremity
xref: VHOG:0000337 ! hindlimb
xref: MA:0000026 ! hindlimb
xref: MAT:0000395 ! hindlimb
xref: MIAA:0000395 ! hindlimb
xref: XAO:0003031 ! hind limb
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Extremity ! Lower Extremity
xref: BTO:0002345 ! hindlimb
xref: galen:LowerExtremity ! lower extremity
xref: EHDAA2:0001033 ! lower limb
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray1239.png/200px-Gray1239.png
xref: EMAPA:17458 ! hindlimb
xref: MESH:A13.473 ! hindlimb
xref: EV:0100015 ! lower limb
xref: VSAO:0000150 ! hindlimb
intersection_of: UBERON:0002101 ! limb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000154 ! posterior region of body
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005418 ! hindlimb bud
synonym: "membrum inferius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7184]
xref: SCTID:182281004 ! Entire lower limb
xref: ncithesaurus:Hind_Limb ! Hind Limb
synonym: "membrum inferius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lower_limb]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray1239.png
property_value: external_definition "Lower limb, which connects the pes with the pelvic girdle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000219", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
synonym: "free part of lower limb" RELATED [FMA:24879]
synonym: "hind-limb" EXACT [VSAO:0000150]
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000337", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "crural" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1522391
xref: UMLS:C0023216
xref: CALOHA:TS-2215 ! Lower limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000376
name: hindlimb stylopod
def: "In humans the thigh is the area between the pelvis and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb. The single bone in the thigh is called the femur. This bone is very thick and strong (due to the high proportion of cortical bone), and forms a ball and socket joint at the hip, and a condylar joint at the knee. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thigh]
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group.  TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here
synonym: "proximal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [FMA:24967]
synonym: "thigh" EXACT []
synonym: "upper leg" EXACT [MA:0000052]
synonym: "stylopod of lower limb" EXACT []
synonym: "hind limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb stylopodium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind propodium" EXACT [AAO:0000887]
synonym: "hindlimb propodium" EXACT [AAO:0000887]
xref: MA:0000052 ! upper leg
xref: BTO:0001376
xref: FMA:24967 ! Thigh
xref: ncithesaurus:Thigh ! Thigh
xref: EFO:0001943 ! thigh
xref: GAID:50 ! thigh
xref: EHDAA:5171 ! upper leg
xref: EHDAA:6200 ! upper leg
xref: galen:Thigh ! thigh
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjN7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! thigh
xref: EHDAA2:0002130 ! upper leg
xref: VHOG:0000349 ! hindlimb stylopodium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gray1238.png/200px-Gray1238.png
xref: EMAPA:17499 ! upper leg
xref: MESH:A01.378.610.750 ! thigh
xref: AAO:0000887 ! hind propodium
is_a: UBERON:0002472 ! stylopod
intersection_of: UBERON:0002472 ! stylopod
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 {source="MA"} ! leg
xref: SCTID:302544002 ! Entire thigh
synonym: "femur" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thigh]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Gray1238.png
property_value: external_definition "Segment of the forearm corresponding to the humerus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000199", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
synonym: "hind limb stylopodium" EXACT [VHOG:0000349]
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000349", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0039866

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003822
name: forelimb stylopod
def: "A stylopod that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing stylopod" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
comment: WP states: anatomical usage, the term arm refers specifically to the segment between the shoulder and the elbow, while the segment between the elbow and wrist is the forearm. However, in common, literary, and historical usage, arm refers to the entire upper limb from shoulder to wrist. FMA uses the term Arm for this class, so we place it here. // comment: todo - check fore propodium in AAO // Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group.  TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "stylopod of arm" EXACT []
synonym: "stylopod of forelimb" EXACT []
synonym: "upper arm" EXACT [MA:0000035]
synonym: "forelimb stylopodium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb stylopodial element" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "brachial region" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "arm" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:24890]
synonym: "regio brachialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24890]
synonym: "fore propodium" EXACT [AAO:0000199]
synonym: "forelimb propodium" EXACT []
synonym: "brachium" EXACT [VSAO:0005057]
xref: MA:0000035 ! upper arm
xref: EHDAA:4186 ! upper arm
xref: EHDAA:6234 ! upper arm
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0Z5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! upper arm
xref: EHDAA2:0002112 ! upper arm
xref: VHOG:0000343 ! forelimb stylopodium
xref: FMA:24890 ! Arm
xref: galen:Arm
xref: ncithesaurus:Arm ! Arm
xref: EMAPA:17424 ! upper arm
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.075 ! arm (also: UBERON:0001460 'arm')
xref: AAO:0000199 ! fore propodium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002472 ! stylopod
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 {source="MA"} ! arm
xref: SCTID:302538001 ! Entire upper arm
xref: VSAO:0005057 ! brachium
property_value: external_definition "Segment of the hindleg corresponding to the humerus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000887", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000343", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0446516

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002386
name: forelimb zeugopod
def: "The middle limb segment of the pectoral free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the forelimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the radius and ulna, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants." [PHENOSCAPE:curators, Wikipedia:Forearm]
synonym: "wing zeugopod" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "antibrachium" EXACT []
synonym: "antebrachium" EXACT [Wikipedia:Forearm]
synonym: "antebrachial region" EXACT []
synonym: "zeugopod of arm" EXACT []
synonym: "zeugopod of forelimb" EXACT []
synonym: "lower arm" EXACT []
synonym: "forelimb zeugopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "lower segment of arm" EXACT []
synonym: "forearm" EXACT []
synonym: "forelimb zygopod" EXACT []
synonym: "arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of forelimb" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore epipodium" RELATED []
synonym: "forelimb epipodium" EXACT []
synonym: "antebrachium" EXACT [VSAO:0005058]
xref: EHDAA:4172 ! forearm
xref: EHDAA:6218 ! forearm
xref: FMA:9663 ! Forearm
xref: GAID:55 ! forearm
xref: galen:Forearm
xref: MA:0000034 ! lower arm
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjnmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjnmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! forearm
xref: EHDAA2:0000553 ! forearm
xref: VHOG:0000341 ! forelimb zeugopodium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Forearm_labeled.png/200px-Forearm_labeled.png
xref: ncithesaurus:Forearm ! Forearm
xref: BTO:0001447 ! forearm
xref: EMAPA:17417 ! forearm
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.585 ! forearm
xref: EFO:0003053 ! forearm
intersection_of: UBERON:0002471 ! zeugopod
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 {source="MA"} ! arm
synonym: "regio antebrachialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9663]
xref: SCTID:362741001 ! Entire forearm
xref: VSAO:0005058 ! antebrachium
synonym: "antebrachium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Forearm]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Veins.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The middle forelimb region. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_Boston_etc.:_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.321, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000341", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000341", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0016536
xref: CALOHA:TS-2205 ! Forearm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003823
name: hindlimb zeugopod
def: "The middle limb segment of the pelvic free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the hindlimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the tibia and fibula, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants." [PHENOSCAPE:curators, Wikipedia:Forearm]
comment: note that FMA:24979 denotes the middle segment (zeugopod), its placement here is correct. See obo-anatomy archives for discussion // Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group.  TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here
synonym: "crus of hindlimb" EXACT []
synonym: "crus" EXACT  [VSAO:0005060]
synonym: "shank" EXACT [VSAO:0005060]
synonym: "lower leg" EXACT []
synonym: "calf" NARROW []
synonym: "hindlimb zygopod" EXACT []
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopodium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [FMA:24979]
synonym: "posterior part of leg" EXACT [FMA:24984]
synonym: "calf of leg" EXACT [FMA:24984]
synonym: "posterior curral region" EXACT [FMA:24984]
synonym: "posterior leg region" EXACT [FMA:24984]
synonym: "posterior region of leg" EXACT [FMA:24984]
synonym: "sural region" EXACT [FMA:24984]
synonym: "leg" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:24979, MESH:A01.378.610.500]
synonym: "hind epipodium" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "hindlimb epipodium" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000051 ! lower leg
xref: EHDAA:5165 ! lower leg
xref: EHDAA:6190 ! lower leg
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvczZBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lower leg
xref: FMA:24984 ! Posterior part of leg
xref: EHDAA2:0001030 ! lower leg
xref: VHOG:0000348 ! hindlimb zeugopodium
xref: FMA:24979 ! Leg
xref: galen:Leg
xref: ncithesaurus:Leg ! Leg
xref: MESH:A01.378.610.500 ! leg
xref: EMAPA:17496 ! lower leg
xref: EFO:0003051 ! calf
intersection_of: UBERON:0002471 ! zeugopod
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 {source="MA"} ! leg
synonym: "sura" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24984]
synonym: "regio cruris posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24984]
synonym: "regio surae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24984]
xref: SCTID:244015008 ! Entire calf of leg
xref: VSAO:0005060 ! shank
synonym: "hindlimb zeudopodium" EXACT [VHOG:0000348]
synonym: "hind limb zeudopodium" EXACT [VHOG:0000348]
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000348", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "sural" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1140621

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002472 ! stylopod
name: stylopod
def: "The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton." []
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "proximal part of limb" BROAD []
synonym: "stylopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "stylopodial limb segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "propodium" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "proximal free limb segment" EXACT [FMA:83014]
xref: EFO:0000879 ! stylopod
xref: MA:0002717 ! stylopod
xref: MAT:0000093 ! stylopod
xref: MIAA:0000093 ! stylopod
xref: FMA:83014 ! proximal free limb segment
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
relationship: proximal_to UBERON:0002471 ! zeugopod
synonym: "proximal segment of free limb" RELATED [FMA:83014]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "stylopodial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002471 ! zeugopod
name: zeugopod
def: "The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus)." [PHENOSCAPE:curators]
comment: There exists some controversy about which podial segments are present in some fishes, e.g. if the autopod is not newly evolved in tetrapods, there is a question as to which segments are actually present in basal vertebrate taxa.[PHENOSCAPE:curators]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "middle part of limb" BROAD []
synonym: "middle limb segment" EXACT []
synonym: "zygopod" EXACT []
synonym: "zygopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "zeugopodium" EXACT []
synonym: "zeugopod limb segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "zeugopodial limb segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "epipodium" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "middle free limb segment" EXACT [FMA:83016]
xref: EFO:0000878 ! zeugopod
xref: MA:0002716 ! zeugopod
xref: MAT:0000092 ! zeugopod
xref: MIAA:0000092 ! zeugopod
xref: FMA:83016 ! middle free limb segment
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: distal_to UBERON:0002472 ! stylopod
relationship: proximal_to UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
synonym: "middle segment of free limb" RELATED [FMA:83016]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "zeugopodial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002104
name: visual system
def: "." [Wikipedia:Visual_system]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "visual organ system" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000632 ! visual_system
xref: FMA:7191 ! Visual system
xref: MA:0002444 ! visual system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001127 ! visual system
xref: ZFA:0001127 ! visual system
xref: XAO:0003198 ! visual system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:FMAID_7191
xref: ncithesaurus:Visual_System ! Visual System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! visual system
is_a: UBERON:0001032 ! sense organ system
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002105 ! auditory system
relationship: capable_of GO:0007601 ! visual perception
xref: SCTID:281831001 ! Entire visual system
property_value: external_definition "The sensory system used for sight.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000632", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: UMLS:C0587900

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002106
name: spleen
def: "Organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve in case of hemorrhagic shock, especially in animals like horses (not in humans), while recycling iron. It synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp and removes, from blood and lymph node circulation, antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells." [Wikipedia:Spleen]
comment: Taxon notes: Neither hagfish nor lampreys possess what might be considered a discrete and condensed spleen. Hagfish possess dispersed lymphoid tissue within the submucosa of the intestine (96) associated with the portal vein (97), whereas lymphoid tissue is associated with the typhlosole portion of the intestine in lampreys (96) [PMID:20959416]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: BTO:0001281
xref: EFO:0000869 ! spleen
xref: FMA:7196 ! Spleen
xref: GAID:1289 ! spleen
xref: VHOG:0000120 ! spleen
xref: MA:0000141 ! spleen
xref: MAT:0000085 ! spleen
xref: MIAA:0000085 ! spleen
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000436 ! spleen
xref: XAO:0000328 ! spleen
xref: ZFA:0000436 ! spleen
xref: ncithesaurus:Spleen ! Spleen
xref: galen:Spleen ! spleen
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! spleen
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illu_spleen.jpg/200px-Illu_spleen.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18767 ! spleen
xref: MESH:A15.382.520.604.713 ! spleen
xref: EV:0100055 ! spleen
is_a: UBERON:0002075 ! viscus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006293 ! spleen primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 {source="multiple sources - true spleen appear in jawed vertebrates"} ! Gnathostomata
xref: AAO:0010395 ! spleen
xref: SCTID:181279003 ! Entire spleen
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "lien" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spleen]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Illu_spleen.jpg
property_value: external_definition "An organ involved in red blood cell filtration and immune response.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010395", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BMZ"}
property_value: homology_notes "With the advent of clonal selection, the accumulation and segregation of T and B cells in specialized organs for antigen presentation became necessary, and indeed the spleen is found in all jawed vertebrates, but not in agnathans or invertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000120", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0781765190 Paul WE\, Fundamental Immunology (2008) p.94", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "splenic" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "lienal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0037993

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006293 ! spleen primordium
alt_id: UBERON:0009750
name: spleen primordium
def: "A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]." [ISBN:0123747295, MP:0011263]
comment: AO notes: check difference between splenic and spleen in EMAPA; note that in EHDAA2 the class 'spleen' refers to the mesenchyme
synonym: "left spleen primordium" NARROW [XAO:0000326]
synonym: "splenic primordium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001904]
synonym: "spleen mesenchyme" EXACT [MP:0011263]
synonym: "splenic mesenchyme" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EHDAA2:0001904 ! spleen
xref: EMAPA:18659 ! splenic primordium
xref: EHDAA:3003 ! splenic primordium
xref: EMAPA:18535 ! spleen primordium
xref: XAO:0000326 ! left spleen primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="XAO"} ! primordium
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004872 {source="XAO"} ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005602 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! dorsal mesogastrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013119
name: haemal node
def: "A lymphoid organ found in various mammals and some birds." [Wikipedia:Haemal_nodes]
comment: Hemal nodes are characterized by the presence of large numbers of erythrocytes. Lymph nodes (see below) and hemal nodes share some similarities of structure, but really are fundamentally different organs both qualitatively and quantitatively. Both lymph and hemal nodes contain diffuse lymphatic tissue, and in most cases have nodular tissue in the form of germinal centers, as well. Like the lymph node, the hemal node has a cortex and a medulla, and germinal centers are frequently seen. There's a distinct capsule, and hemal nodes are served at the hilus by an afferent arteriole. [http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/labs/lab13/lab13.htm]
synonym: "hemal node" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004177 ! hemopoietic organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001637 ! artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002108
name: small intestine
def: "Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]." [Wikipedia:Small_intestine]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "anterior intestine" RELATED []
synonym: "mid intestine" RELATED []
synonym: "small bowel" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine" EXACT []
synonym: "intestinum tenue" RELATED [BTO:0000651]
xref: BTO:0000651
xref: EFO:0000841 ! small intestine
xref: FMA:7200 ! Small intestine
xref: GAID:313 ! small intestine
xref: VHOG:0000055 ! small intestine
xref: MA:0000337 ! small intestine
xref: MAT:0000047 ! small intestine
xref: MIAA:0000047 ! small intestine
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestine
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001323 ! mid intestine
xref: XAO:0000130 ! small intestine
xref: ZFA:0001323 ! mid intestine
xref: galen:SmallIntestine ! small intestine
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! small intestine
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg/200px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg.png
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.620 ! small intestine
xref: EV:0100072 ! small intestine
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="2"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
xref: AAO:0010397 ! small intestine
xref: SCTID:181250005 ! Entire small intestine
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "intestinum tenue" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Small_intestine]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg
property_value: external_definition "The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001323", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000055", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.566", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0021852

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002110
name: gallbladder
def: "a small organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cystic duct and distally terminates in the fundus of the gallbladder[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Gallbladder, FMA:7202]
comment: Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "gall bladder" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000493
xref: EFO:0000853 ! gall bladder
xref: EHDAA:8062 ! gall bladder
xref: FMA:7202 ! Gallbladder
xref: galen:Gallbladder
xref: VHOG:0000221 ! gall bladder
xref: MA:0000356 ! gall bladder
xref: MAT:0000072 ! gall bladder
xref: MIAA:0000072 ! gall bladder
xref: ncithesaurus:Gallbladder
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000208 ! gall bladder
xref: XAO:0000135 ! gall bladder
xref: ZFA:0000208 ! gall bladder
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gall bladder
xref: EHDAA2:0000699 ! gall bladder
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Abdomal_organs.svg/200px-Abdomal_organs.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17202 ! gall bladder
xref: MESH:A03.159.439 ! gallbladder
xref: EV:0100090 ! gall bladder
is_a: UBERON:0002075 ! viscus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004912 ! biliary bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001173 ! biliary tree
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:10114 {source="ISBN:9780120749034"} ! Rattus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006242 {evidence="definitional"} ! gall bladder primordium
xref: AAO:0010114 ! gall bladder
xref: SCTID:181269000 ! Entire gallbladder
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "vesica fellea; vesica biliaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gallbladder]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Illu_pancrease.svg
property_value: external_definition "Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010114", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010114", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000221", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000221", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970915)38:6<571::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-I Oldham-Ott CK\, Gilloteaux J\, Comparative morphology of the gallbladder and biliary tract in vertebrates: Variation in structure\, homology in function and gallstones. Microscopy research and technique (1997)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0016976

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002111
name: artery smooth muscle tissue
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "artery smooth muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "artery smooth muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "arterial smooth muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000087]
synonym: "smooth muscle of artery" EXACT [FMA:72024]
xref: BTO:0000087
xref: FMA:72024 ! smooth muscle of artery
xref: MA:0000708 ! artery smooth muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Artery_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! Artery Smooth Muscle Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="FMA"} ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: UMLS:C1706851

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002112
name: smooth muscle of esophagus
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "esophagus smooth muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "oesophagus smooth muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "esophagus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72025 ! Smooth muscle of esophagus
xref: MA:0001573 ! esophagus smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003832 ! esophagus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002113
name: kidney
def: "A paired organ which has the production of urine as its primary function." [Wikipedia:Kidney]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "reniculate kidney" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Reniculate_kidney]
xref: AAO:0000250 ! kidney
xref: BTO:0000671
xref: EFO:0000929 ! kidney
xref: FMA:7203 ! Kidney
xref: GAID:423 ! kidney
xref: galen:Kidney
xref: MA:0000368 ! kidney
xref: MAT:0000119 ! kidney
xref: MIAA:0000119 ! kidney
xref: ncithesaurus:Kidney
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! kidney
xref: XAO:0003267 ! kidney
xref: MESH:A05.810.453 ! kidney
xref: EV:0100096 ! kidney
is_a: UBERON:0000489 ! cavitated compound organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011143 {source="FMA"} ! upper urinary tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005095 ! kidney rudiment
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003918 {evidence="definitional"} ! kidney mesenchyme
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: SCTID:181414000 ! Entire kidney
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "One of either of a pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000250", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
property_value: has_relational_adjective "renal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0022646

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012650 ! gastroduodenal junction
name: gastroduodenal junction
intersection_of: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
xref: FMA:17046 ! gastroduodenal junction
xref: SCTID:264014000 ! Gastroduodenal junction

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002114
name: duodenum
def: "The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one)." [ISBN:0815318960, Wikipedia:Duodenum]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "proximal intestine" RELATED [BTO:0000365]
synonym: "upper intestine" RELATED [BTO:0000365]
xref: BTO:0000365
xref: EFO:0000851 ! duodenum
xref: FMA:7206 ! Duodenum
xref: GAID:284 ! duodenum
xref: galen:Duodenum
xref: VHOG:0000052 ! duodenum
xref: MA:0000338 ! duodenum
xref: MAT:0000044 ! duodenum
xref: MIAA:0000044 ! duodenum
xref: ncithesaurus:Duodenum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000236 ! duodenum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! duodenum
xref: EMAPA:18852 ! duodenum of gut
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.620.270 ! duodenum
xref: EV:0100073 ! duodenum
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="3"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: proximal_part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="ZFA:0000348"} ! Danio rerio
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001166 ! pylorus
xref: AAO:0010402 ! duodenum
xref: SCTID:181247007 ! Entire duodenum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg
property_value: external_definition "The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000052", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "duodenal" xsd:string
property_value: taxon_notes "In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum." xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:32443", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum"}
property_value: taxon_notes "In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10–15 inches (25–38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz." xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:9606", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum"}
xref: UMLS:C0013303

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002115
name: jejunum
def: "The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Jejunum]
comment: TODO consider ZFA:0001323 mid intestine, see also small intestine
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intestinum jejunum" RELATED [BTO:0000657]
synonym: "middle intestine" RELATED [BTO:0000657]
xref: BTO:0000657
xref: FMA:7207 ! Jejunum
xref: GAID:318 ! jejunum
xref: galen:Jejunum
xref: VHOG:0000053 ! jejunum
xref: MA:0000340 ! jejunum
xref: MAT:0000045 ! jejunum
xref: MIAA:0000045 ! jejunum
xref: ncithesaurus:Jejunum
xref: EFO:0001333 ! jejunum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwATkPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! jejunum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg/200px-Illu_small_intestine.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18666 ! jejunum of midgut
xref: EMAPA:18932 ! jejunum of gut
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.620.625 ! jejunum
xref: EV:0100074 ! jejunum
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="3"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midgut
xref: SCTID:181248002 ! Entire jejunum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The first two fifth of the small intestine beyond the duodenum. It extends from the end of the duodenum to the ileum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000053", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "jejunal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0022378

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002116
name: ileum
def: "The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ileum]
comment: TODO consider ZFA:0000706 posterior intestine, see also colon
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "distal intestine" RELATED [BTO:0000620]
synonym: "intestinum ileum" RELATED [BTO:0000620]
synonym: "lower intestine" RELATED [BTO:0000620]
xref: BTO:0000620
xref: FMA:7208 ! Ileum
xref: GAID:315 ! ileum
xref: galen:Ileum
xref: VHOG:0000647 ! ileum
xref: MA:0000339 ! ileum
xref: MAT:0000282 ! ileum
xref: MIAA:0000282 ! ileum
xref: ncithesaurus:Ileum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdcLHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000237 ! ileum
xref: EFO:0001334 ! ileum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdcLHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ileum
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.620.484 ! ileum
xref: EV:0100075 ! ileum
is_a: UBERON:0004921 {source="cjm", order="3"} ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
xref: AAO:0010403 ! ileum
xref: SCTID:181249005 ! Entire ileum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000647", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ileal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0020885

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005052 ! gizzard
name: gizzard
def: "The muscular enlargement of the alimentary canal that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food and when the crop is present follows it and the proventriculus." [BTO:0000520, Wikipedia:Gizzard]
comment: AO notes: BTO also includes: A thickened part of the alimentary canal in some animals (as an insect or an earthworm) that is similar in function to the crop of a bird. However, we are refering to the Aves structure here
synonym: "ventriculus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gizzard]
synonym: "gastric mill" EXACT [Wikipedia:Gizzard]
synonym: "gigerium" EXACT [Wikipedia:Gizzard]
xref: BTO:0000520
xref: GAID:1238 ! gizzard 
xref: MESH:A13.853.363 ! gizzard
is_a: UBERON:0000945 {source="cjm"} ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: has_part UBERON:0008861 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pyloric gastric gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: ncithesaurus:Gizzard ! Gizzard
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C1510668

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011903
name: gizzard smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005052 ! gizzard
xref: BTO:0000521 ! gizzard smooth muscle
def: "A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gizzard." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011904
name: gastrolith
def: "a rock held inside a gastrointestinal tract." [Wikipedia:Gastrolith]
synonym: "stomach stone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gastrolith]
synonym: "gizzard stone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gastrolith]
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012422
name: secretion of crop
def: "Nutritional fluid secreted by the crop in some species[Kardong]" [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "crop milk" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0007356 ! crop

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007356 ! crop
name: crop
def: "A pouched enlargement of the gullet of many birds that serves as a receptacle for food and for its preliminary maceration." [BTO:0000301, Wikipedia:Crop_(anatomy)#Birds]
comment: Editor notes: we follow WP and place as part of the esophagus. Taxon notes: Aves specific structure - consider adding functional grouping class. Kardong: some cetaceans have a crop-like structure
synonym: "esophageal diverticulum" BROAD []
synonym: "esophageal pouch" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000301 ! crop
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: SCTID:68028003 ! Crop

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007357
name: proventriculus
def: "The glandular or true stomach of a bird that is situated between the crop and gizzard." [BTO:0001136, Wikipedia:Proventriculus]
comment: Taxon notes: consider extending to crocodilians. EMAPA has proventricular region
xref: BTO:0001136 ! proventriculus
xref: MESH:A13.853.710 ! proventriculus
xref: GAID:1239 ! proventriculus
is_a: UBERON:0011953 {source="cjm"} ! stomach glandular region
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0007356 ! crop
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0005052 ! gizzard
relationship: has_part UBERON:0010038 {source="Wikipedia"} ! fundic gastric gland
relationship: capable_of GO:0001696 ! gastric acid secretion
xref: SCTID:63897003 ! Proventriculus
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007366 ! ruminant stomach
def: "The ruminants' stomach consists of four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The first three compartments comprise the forestomach (proventriculus). They are lined with nonglandular membrane. The fourth compartment, the abomasum comprises the true stomach of the ruminants. It is lined with glandular mucous membrane. The rumen lies on the left of the abdominal cavity, the reticulum cranially and the omasum on the right. The abomasum lies ventrally, its proximal end lies ventral to the rumen, reticulum and omasum" [http://www.onemedicine.tuskegee.edu/DigestiveSystem/Stomach/Stomach_Ruminants.html]
synonym: "plurilocular stomach" RELATED []
comment: Editor notes: Consider classifying each subdivision as 'stomach chamber'
name: ruminant stomach
xref: MESH:A13.869 ! ruminant stomach
xref: GAID:1240  ! ruminant stomach
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png
is_a: UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9845 ! Ruminantia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007358
name: abomasum
def: "The fourth stomach of ruminating animals. It is also called the \"true\" stomach. It is an elongated pear-shaped sac lying on the floor of the abdomen, on the right-hand side, and roughly between the seventh and twelfth ribs. It leads to the beginning of the small intestine. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)" [MESH:A13.869.106, Wikipedia:Abomasum]
synonym: "ruminant true stomach" RELATED  []
synonym: "fourth stomach" RELATED  [BTO:0000024]
synonym: "maw" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Abomasum]
synonym: "rennet-bag" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Abomasum]
synonym: "read" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Abomasum]
xref: BTO:0000024 ! abomasum
xref: MESH:A13.869.106 ! abomasum
xref: GAID:1241 ! abomasum
is_a: UBERON:0011953 ! stomach glandular region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007366 ! ruminant stomach
xref: SCTID:410028001 ! Entire abomasum (also: UBERON:0007362 'omasum')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png
subset: organ_slim
xref: ncithesaurus:Abomasum ! abomasum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010154
name: inner lining mucosa of the abomasum
def: "the inner mucosa of the fourth stomach chamber of a ruminant produces rennet." [Wikipedia:Rennet]
synonym: "rennet" RELATED [BTO:0001168]
is_a: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007358 {source="BTO"} ! abomasum
xref: BTO:0001168 ! rennet

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007359
name: ruminant forestomach
def: "Any of the first three stomachs of a ruminant, i.e., the rumen, reticulum, or omasum." [BTO:0000480]
comment: Development/homology notes: You will still see the statement in some texts that the parts of the forestomach are derived from the embryonic esophagus, and that's the reason why (like the esophagus) they're lined with stratified squamous epithelium. This is open to doubt. While there is no doubt that the rumen, reticulum, and omasum are all derived from the embryonic foregut, there is evidence to indicate that all three come from that an area of the foregut homologous to the part that develops into the single stomach of non-ruminants. If this is so, then the forestomach can be considered diverticula (or derivatives) of the stomach proper, not the esophagus, despite the nature of the lining -- http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/labs/lab21/Examples/exrumen.htm
synonym: "forestomach" BROAD SENSU [BTO:0000480]
xref: BTO:0000480 ! forestomach
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png
is_a: UBERON:0011954 ! stomach non-glandular region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007366 ! ruminant stomach
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007361
name: ruminant reticulum
def: "The second stomach of ruminants. It lies almost in the midline in the front of the abdomen, in contact with the liver and diaphragm and communicates freely with the RUMEN via the ruminoreticular orifice. The lining of the reticulum is raised into folds forming a honeycomb pattern over the surface. (From Concise Veterinary Dictionary, 1988)" [MESH:A13.869.697, Wikipedia:Reticulum_(anatomy)]
synonym: "reticulum" BROAD SENSU [BTO:0000347]
xref: MESH:A13.869.697 ! reticulum
xref: BTO:0000347 ! reticulum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png
is_a: UBERON:0011954 ! stomach non-glandular region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007359 ! forestomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007364 ! reticulorumen
xref: SCTID:23703003 ! Reticulum
xref: ncithesaurus:Reticulum ! reticulum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007362
name: omasum
def: "The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)" [MESH:A13.869.524, Wikipedia:Omasum]
synonym: "omasum" RELATED  [MESH:A13.869.524]
xref: MESH:A13.869.524 ! omasum
xref: BTO:0000348 ! omasum
xref: GAID:1242 ! omasum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png
is_a: UBERON:0011954 ! stomach non-glandular region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007359 ! forestomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007364 ! reticulorumen
xref: SCTID:410028001 ! Entire abomasum (also: UBERON:0007358 'abomasum')
xref: ncithesaurus:Omasum ! omasum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007365
name: rumen
def: "The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)." [MESH:A13.869.804, Wikipedia:Rumen]
comment: Structure notes: There is no muscularis mucosae in the rumen
synonym: "paunch" RELATED  [BTO:0001194]
xref: MESH:A13.869.804
xref: GAID:1244 ! rumen
xref: BTO:0001194 ! rumen
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Abomasum_%28PSF%29.png
is_a: UBERON:0011954 ! stomach non-glandular region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007359 ! forestomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007364 ! reticulorumen
xref: SCTID:45138000 ! Rumen
xref: ncithesaurus:Rumen ! rumen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008285 ! rumen epithelium
name: rumen epithelium
def: "The rumen epithelium is the tissue which lines the largest of the four fore stomachs in the ruminant animal -cows and sheep. Rumen epithelial cells are important because they are responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the rumen into the blood." [PMID:10764086, BTO:0001195]
is_a: UBERON:0010040 {source="cjm"} ! stomach non-glandular epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007365 ! rumen
xref: BTO:0001195 ! rumen epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010228
name: ruminal fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0007365 ! rumen
xref: BTO:0004789 ! ruminal fluid (also: UBERON:0010229 'ruminant esophageal groove')
def: "A portion of organism substance that surrounded_by a rumen." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010229
name: ruminant esophageal groove
def: "A muscular structure at the lower end of the esophagus that, when closed, forms a tube allowing milk to go directly into the abomasum. (This prevents milk from being fermented or soured by the ruminal microorganisms)." [http://www.extension.org/pages/16468/esophageal-groove]
comment: The formation of the esophageal groove is controlled by neural stimulation from suckling and milk proteins. This means milk, colostrum, and milk replacer bypass the rumen, while water enters it
synonym: "esophageal groove" BROAD SENSU  []
synonym: "reticular groove" BROAD SENSU  []
synonym: "ruminant reticular groove" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0006846 ! groove
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007361 ! ruminant reticulum
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001913 ! milk
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0007358 ! abomasum
relationship: existence_ends_during UBERON:0000113 ! post-juvenile adult stage
xref: BTO:0004789 ! ruminal fluid (also: UBERON:0010228 'ruminal fluid')
xref: SCTID:86149002 ! Reticular groove

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010153
name: rumen papilla
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008285 ! rumen epithelium
synonym: "rumen papillae" EXACT PLURAL []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007364 ! reticulorumen
name: reticulorumen
def: "first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. It is composed of the rumen and reticulum. The reticulum differs from the rumen with regard to the texture of its lining. The rumen wall is covered in small finger like projections called papillae, which are flattened, approximately 0.5 cm in length and 0.3 cm wide in cattle. The reticulum is lined with ridges that form a hexagonal honeycomb pattern. The ridges are approximately 0.1 - 0.2 mm wide and are raised 0.5 cm above the reticulum wall. The hexagons in the reticulum are approximately 2-5 cm wide in cattle. Despite the differences in the texture of the lining of the two parts of the reticulorumen, it represents one functional space. Microbial fermentation degrades ingested carbohydrates in the reticulorumen to the volatile fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate, and proteins to short peptides, amino acids and ammonia. This fermentation is anaerobic and allows the microbes in the reticulorumen to derive the energy and amino nitrogen in order that they can reproduce. Ruminants absorb the volatile fatty acids across the reticulorumen wall and use them for energy, while the microbes eventually flow out of the rumen into the remainder of the alimentary canal, where they are eventually digested and absorbed. The reticulum, at approximately 5-20 litres, is considerably smaller in capacity than the rumen, which is approximately 100-200 litres in cattle. The oesophageal groove, which links the oesophagus and the omasum is located in the reticulum[WP]." [Wikipedia:Reticulorumen]
synonym: "retriculo-rumen" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007366 ! ruminant stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002118
name: right ovary
def: "An ovary that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:7213 ! Right ovary
xref: MA:0001705 ! right ovary
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Ovary ! Right Ovary
intersection_of: UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:280123002 ! Entire right ovary
xref: UMLS:C0227873

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002119
name: left ovary
def: "An ovary that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Taxon notes: In some elasmobranchs, the left ovary does not mature, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[Wikipedia:Ovary#In_other_animals]
xref: FMA:7214 ! Left ovary
xref: MA:0001704 ! left ovary
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Ovary ! Left Ovary
intersection_of: UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:280124008 ! Entire left ovary
xref: UMLS:C0227874

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010041
name: median ovary
is_a: UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
comment: Taxon notes: In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[Wikipedia:Ovary#In_other_animals]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001285
name: nephron
def: "The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]" [PMID:9268568, Wikipedia:Nephron]
comment: Editor note: kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships. Taxon notes: In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992)[GO Kidney]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mature nephron" NARROW [EMAPA:28491]
xref: BTO:0000924
xref: FMA:17640 ! Nephron
xref: GAID:428 ! nephron
xref: MA:0000375 ! nephron
xref: ncithesaurus:Nephron ! Nephron
xref: ZFA:0005282 ! nephron
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736 ! nephron
xref: EV:0100384 ! nephron
xref: EMAPA:28491 ! mature nephron
xref: SCTID:361337001 ! Entire nephron
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007684 {source="FMA"} ! uriniferous tubule
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004208 {evidence="definitional"} ! nephrogenic mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0002153 ! nephron
synonym: "nephroneum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nephron]
synonym: "tubulus renalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nephron]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png
property_value: external_definition "Functional unit of the kidney that filters waste.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002153", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0027713

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005110
name: metanephric nephron
alt_id: UBERON:0005142
def: "A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072273]
xref: VHOG:0000719 ! metanephric nephron
intersection_of: UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {source="Wikipedia:Nephron"} ! metanephric blastema
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {source="Wikipedia"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
property_value: homology_notes "The primitive form of the vertebrate nephron consists of a vascular filtration surface overlain with podocytes, a specialized coelomic cavity to receive the ultrafiltrate, and a tubule for modification to final urine. Although previously thought to be unique to the vertebrates, this design is now known to be widespread among invertebrates, including most of the protochordates, and especially their larvae.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000719", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1093/icb/34.4.542 Ruppert EE\, Evolutionary Origin of the Vertebrate Nephron. Integrative and Comparative Biology (1994)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005722
name: obsolete nephrotome
def: "The nephrotome is a section of the mesoderm. It gives rise to the pronephros and eventually to the rest of the kidney. A nephrotome is an obsolete term used to describe rounded mesodermal portions of the forming pronephros. In old texts the pronephros is described as forming through the fusion of multiple nephrotomes. Modern visualization methods such as scanning electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy, combined with the simple approach of peeling off the epidermis to see the forming kidney, have shown that this is not the case. Nephric mesenchyme separates from the intermediate mesoderm as a single elongated primordia. As this primordia begins to undergo epithelialization the anterior portions of the pronephros form rounded protrusions, which then later become the dorsal branches of the pronephros that link to nephrostomes (distinct from nephrotomes). These rounded bumps are probably the structures observed in histological sections that are referred to as nephrotomes. Nephrostomes are thin ciliated funnels that link pronephric nephrons to the ceolom, and are not related to nephrotomes." [Wikipedia:Nephrotome]
synonym: "nephromere" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nephrotome]
synonym: "intermediate cell mass" RELATED [BTO:0003673]
xref: BTO:0003673 ! nephrotome
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009871
name: nephrogenic zone
def: "outer portion of the renal cortex. Site of formation of medullary and cortical elements." []
comment: Taxon notes: see PMID:12761251 for description of nephrogenic zone in dogfish. 
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
synonym: "nephrogenic tissue" RELATED []
xref: EMAPA:27721 ! nephrogenic zone
xref: MA:0002996 ! nephrogenic zone
xref: http://www.gudmap.org/Images/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/NZ.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005095 ! kidney rudiment
name: kidney rudiment
comment: Editor notes: class added for consistency with GO - consider merging with kidney mesenchyme.
def: "." [GO:0072003]
synonym: "kidney anlage" RELATED [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007687 {source="GO"} ! kidney field

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007687 ! kidney field
name: kidney field
def: "region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop." [GO:0072004, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
synonym: "kidney anlage" RELATED [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003918 ! kidney mesenchyme
name: kidney mesenchyme
def: "Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]." [GO:0072074]
comment: check this
synonym: "mesenchyme of kidney" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002113 ! kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004208 ! nephrogenic mesenchyme
name: nephrogenic mesenchyme
def: "Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron" [GO:0072076]
comment: The detailed events associated with the differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme are somewhat complex. It has been suggested that each terminal branch of the ureteric bud stimulates the associated cap mesenchyme tissue to form a renal vesicle (the most primitive stage of nephron development: a stage I nephron). This then elongates, becomes a comma-shaped and then an S-shaped body (stage II nephron), and makes contact with and fuses with the distal component of the ureteric bud. The latter then forms the collecting duct. One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman’s capsule (also termed the glomerular capsule). Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus. The inner epithelial layer of the Bowman’s capsule (also called the visceral epithelium, or podocyte layer because it consists of podocytes) is closely apposed to the endothelial glomerulus. Together, the Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. The rest of the nephron elongates to form components of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule. The distal pole of the developing nephron connects to the ureteric bud that induced it at an early stage of nephron/ collecting duct development, before differentiation of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule are complete. This connection allows the excretory products produced by the kidney to be removed and subsequently transferred, via the ureter, into the bladder where they are stored until it is appropriate to empty the bladder. [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
synonym: "mesenchyme of nephron" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nephron mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001285 ! nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003220
name: metanephric mesenchyme
def: "one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO]" [GO:0072075, Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema]
comment: Genes: The positional specification of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme is negatively regulated by Foxc1 and Foxc2. Next the permanent kidney forming metanephrogenic mesenchyme is specified by Hox11 genes. The competence to respond to ureteric bud inducers is regulated by WT1. GDNF secretion restricted to posterior region by Robo2 and Sprouty1. The receptors for GDNF are synthesized in the nephric ducts and later in ureteric buds [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
synonym: "metanephric blastema" EXACT [Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema]
synonym: "metanephric mesoderm" EXACT [Wikipedia:Metanephric_blastema]
synonym: "metanephrogenic mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA:5021]
synonym: "metanephros associated mesenchyme" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001139]
xref: VHOG:0000540 ! metanephric mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:4041 ! metanephric mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:5915 ! metanephric mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17208 ! metanephric mesenchyme of metanephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:17375 ! metanephric mesenchyme of metanephros of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:29990 ! metanephric mesenchyme of genitourinary system
xref: EHDAA:5021 ! metanephrogenic mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0004062 ! metanephric mesenchyme
xref: SCTID:361529008 ! Metanephric blastema
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003074 ! wolffian duct
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0000084 {source="ISBN:9780878932504"} ! ureteric bud
property_value: external_definition "A mass of intermediate mesodermal cells around the distal end of the ureteric bud that gives rise to nephrons in the metanephric kidney. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000540", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/metanephric+mesenchyme", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "When the ureteric buds emerge from the nephric duct, they enter the metanephrogenic mesenchyme. The ureteric buds induce this mesenchymal tissue to condense around them and differentiate into the nephrons of the mammalian kidney. As this mesenchyme differentiates, it tells the ureteric bud to branch and grow.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000540", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.462", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010531
name: metanephros induced blastemal cells
def: "." [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/turinary/urinhaute03.html]
comment: AO notes: different versions of EMAPA have different labels for the same classes. In vHOG this is part of metanephros cortex but this leads to a cycle in basic.
synonym: "nephrogenic interstitium" RELATED []
synonym: "nephrogenic interstitium of nephrogenic zone" EXACT [EMAPA:17953]
synonym: "peripheral blastema" RELATED  [EMAPA:17953]
synonym: "induced blastemal cells" EXACT [VHOG:0001241]
synonym: "cap mesenchyme of metanephros of urinary system" RELATED [EMAPA:17645]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009871 ! nephrogenic zone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {source="EHDAA2"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud
relationship: has_part CL:0000354 ! blastemal cell
xref: VHOG:0001241 ! induced blastemal cells
xref: EHDAA:7007 ! induced blastemal cells
xref: EHDAA:8105 ! induced blastemal cells
xref: EHDAA2:0001143 ! metanephros induced blastemal cells
xref: EMAPA:17645 ! cap mesenchyme of metanephros of urinary system (was: induced blastemal cells)
xref: EMAPA:17953 ! nephrogenic interstitium of nephrogenic zone (was: induced blastemal cells)

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005721 ! pronephric mesoderm
name: pronephric mesoderm
comment: the intermediate mesoderm of the chick embryo acquires its ability to form kidneys through its interactions with the paraxial mesoderm [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology", PMID:10720431 "Signals from trunk paraxial mesoderm induce pronephros formation in chick intermediate mesoderm"]. These interactions induce the expression of TFs including Lim1, Pax2 and Pax6 that cause the intermediate mesoderm to form the kidney
synonym: "pronephric anlage" RELATED  [XAO:0000264]
synonym: "pronephric bulge" RELATED  [XAO:0000264]
synonym: "pronephric primordium" RELATED  [XAO:0000264]
synonym: "pronephric mesenchyme" RELATED [XAO:0000264]
xref: TAO:0000067 ! pronephric mesoderm
xref: VHOG:0001239 ! pronephric mesoderm
xref: XAO:0000264 ! pronephric mesenchyme
xref: ZFA:0000067 ! pronephric mesoderm
xref: EFO:0003479 ! pronephric mesoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003064 {source="ZFA"} ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011090 ! pronephric mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007297 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive pronephric mesoderm
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011090", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}
def: "A mesoderm that develops_into a pronephros." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
name: pronephros
alt_id: UBERON:0005794
def: "In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]." [GO:0048793, Wikipedia:Pronephros]
comment: Once the more complex mesonephros forms the pronephros undergoes apoptosis in amphibians. In fishes the nephron degenerates but the organ remains and becomes a component of the immune system[Wikipedia:Pronephros]. // TODO - check developmental relationships. Note that we previously include the ZFA/XAO terms under the more specific 'pronephric kidney', but these are now merged. TODO GCI: relationship: capable_of GO:0030104 ! water homeostasis
subset: uberon_slim
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "archinephron" RELATED [BTO:0001541]
synonym: "embryonic kidney" RELATED [BTO:0001541]
synonym: "pronephron" RELATED [BTO:0001541]
xref: EFO:0000927 ! pronephros
xref: EHDAA:1017 ! pronephros
xref: FMA:72170 ! Pronephros
xref: VHOG:0000037 ! pronephros
xref: MAT:0000117 ! pronephros
xref: MIAA:0000117 ! pronephros
xref: ncithesaurus:Pronephros ! Pronephros
xref: BTO:0001541 ! pronephros
xref: EHDAA2:0001570 ! pronephros
xref: EMAPA:16579 ! pronephros
xref: TAO:0000151 ! pronephros
xref: XAO:0002000 ! pronephric kidney
synonym: "pronephric kidney" EXACT [XAO:0002000]
xref: ZFA:0000151 ! pronephros
xref: AAO:0011089 ! pronephric kidney
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0002113 {source="GO"} ! kidney
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003887 {source="OG"} ! intraembryonic coelom
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005721 {source="ZFA"} ! pronephric mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005754 ! rostral part of nephrogenic cord
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005095 {source="GO"} ! kidney rudiment
xref: SCTID:308804007 ! Entire pronephros
property_value: external_definition "Organ that serves as a transient kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages and then degenerating during metamorphosis.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011089", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The embryonic kidney, present at the level of the third somite, is composed of two glomeruli fused at the midline, two pronephric tubules, and paired bilateral pronephric ducts that modify the composition of the blood filtrate before delivering it to the cloaca for excretion.Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000151", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the anterior region of the nephric ridge; forms only as a transient embryonic structure. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.748][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000037", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000037", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.637", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pronephric" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0231048


[Term]
id: UBERON:0002122 ! capsule of thymus
name: capsule of thymus
def: "the fibrous connective tissue surrounding the thymus." [MP:0002368]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "thymus capsule" EXACT []
synonym: "thymic capsule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72204 ! Capsule of thymus
xref: MA:0000766 ! thymus capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymic_Capsule ! Thymic Capsule
is_a: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
xref: SCTID:188181003 ! Entire thymic capsule
xref: UMLS:C0229945

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002123
name: cortex of thymus
def: "Cortical portion of thymus, mainly composed of lymphoid cells, supported by a network of finely-branched epithelial reticular cells, which is continuous with a similar network in the medullary portion. This network forms an adventitia to the blood vessels. The cortex is the location of the earliest events in thymocyte development, where T cell receptor gene rearrangement and positive selection takes place." [Wikipedia:Thymus#Cortex]
comment: Histologically, the thymus can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule. The cortex and medulla play different roles in the development of T cells. Cells in the thymus can be divided into thymic stromal cells and cells of hematopoietic origin[WP]
synonym: "thymus cortex" EXACT [MA:0000767]
synonym: "thymic cortex" EXACT [BTO:0002934]
xref: BTO:0002934 ! thymic cortex
xref: FMA:72205 ! Cortex of thymus
xref: MA:0000767 ! thymus cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymus_Cortex ! Thymus Cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
relationship: has_function_in GO:0045058 ! T cell selection
xref: SCTID:188262003 ! Entire thymic cortex
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="doi:10.1177/0192623311409597"} ! Danio rerio
xref: UMLS:C0229948

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002124
name: medulla of thymus
def: "Medullary portion of thymus. The reticulum is coarser than in the cortex, the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number, and there are found peculiar nest-like bodies, the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They are the remains of the epithelial tubes, which grow out from the third branchial pouches of the embryo to form the thymus. Each follicle is surrounded by a vascular plexus, from which vessels pass into the interior, and radiate from the periphery toward the center, forming a second zone just within the margin of the medullary portion. In the center of the medullary portion there are very few vessels, and they are of minute size." [Wikipedia:Thymus#Medulla]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "thymus medulla" EXACT []
synonym: "medulla of thymus gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus gland medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72206 ! Medulla of thymus
xref: MA:0000771 ! thymus medulla
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymus_Medulla ! Thymus Medulla
xref: EFO:0001969 ! medulla of thymus
xref: BTO:0004560 ! thymic medulla
is_a: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
xref: SCTID:188344009 ! Entire thymic medulla
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="doi:10.1177/0192623311409597"} ! Danio rerio
xref: UMLS:C0229949

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002125
name: lobule of thymus
def: "the basic structural unit of the thymus." [MP:0002367]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "thymus lobule" EXACT [MA:0000770]
synonym: "thymic lobule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72215 ! Lobule of thymus
xref: MA:0000770 ! thymus lobule
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymic_Lobule ! Thymic Lobule
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
xref: SCTID:187882006 ! Entire thymic lobule
xref: UMLS:C1522462

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006936
name: thymus subcapsular epithelium
comment: todo - check whether this is part of the thymus or borders it
xref: MA:0000769 ! thymus subcapsular epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002122 ! capsule of thymus
relationship: has_part CL:0002294 ! type-1 epithelial cell of thymus
def: "An epithelium that is part of a capsule of thymus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002718
name: solitary tract
def: "The solitary tract is a compact fiber bundle that extends longitudinally through the posterolateral region of the medulla. The solitary tract is surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, and descends to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Solitary_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "respiratory bundle of Gierke" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72619 ! Solitary tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1483 ! Solitary tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray695.png/200px-Gray695.png
xref: BM:Me-ST ! solitary tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "tractus solitarius medullae oblongatae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Solitary_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray695.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002126 ! solitary tract nuclear complex
name: solitary tract nuclear complex
def: "The solitary tract and nucleus are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_of_tractus_solitarius]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nuclei of solitary tract" EXACT []
synonym: "solitary nuclei" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72242 ! Solitary tract nuclear complex
xref: SCTID:369080003 ! Entire nucleus of tractus solitarius
is_a: UBERON:0007245 ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="MA-abduced"} ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002162 {source="ABA"} ! area postrema
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002610 {source="ABA"} ! cochlear nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002864 {source="ABA"} ! accessory cuneate nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007633 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of trapezoid body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002866 {source="ABA"} ! caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002873 {source="ABA"} ! interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002591 {source="ABA"} ! oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: has_function_in GO:0003019 ! central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback
synonym: "nucleus tractus solitarii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72242]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009050
name: nucleus of solitary tract
def: "A neural nucleus that is part of the solitary tract nuclear complex. The solitary tract and nucleus are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves. [WP,unvetted]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Solitary_nucleus]
synonym: "solitary nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus of tractus solitarius" EXACT [Wikipedia:Solitary_nucleus]
synonym: "nucleus of the tractus solitarius" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1429]
synonym: "solitary tract nucleus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011775 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vagus nerve nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308  ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002126 ! solitary tract nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1429 ! Solitary nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Solitary_Nucleus ! Solitary Nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_the_Solitary_Tract ! Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png
xref: BTO:0003963 ! nucleus solitarius
xref: MA:0001052 ! solitary tract nucleus
xref: FMA:256691 ! nucleus of solitary tract
xref: EV:0100288 ! nucleus of the tractus solitarius
xref: BM:Me-NS ! nucleus of solitary tract
xref: GAID:593 ! solitary nucleu
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.406.750 ! solitary nucleu
xref: ABA:NTS ! Nucleus of the solitary tract
synonym: "nucleus tractus solitarii medullae oblongatae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Solitary_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png
xref: UMLS:C0175518

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009051
name: gelatinous nucleus of solitary tract
is_a: UBERON:0009050 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of solitary tract
xref: FMA:77463 ! gelatinous nucleus of solitary tract
xref: ABA:NTSge ! Nucleus of the solitary tract, gelatinous part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009052
name: medial nucleus of solitary tract
is_a: UBERON:0009050 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of solitary tract
xref: FMA:229585 ! medial nucleus of solitary tract
xref: ABA:NTSm ! Nucleus of the solitary tract, medial part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007245 ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
name: nuclear complex of neuraxis
def: "Internal gray matter component which consists of an assemblage of nuclei of neuraxis. Example: cerebellar nuclear complex, Vestibular nuclear complex.[FMA]" [FMA:84059, FMA:FMA]
comment: todo - move existing complex classes currently under nucleus to be under this class
synonym: "nuclear complex" RELATED []
synonym: "neural nuclei" RELATED []
synonym: "cluster of neural nuclei" RELATED []
xref: FMA:84059 ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000128
name: olivary body
def: "prominent oval structure in the medulla oblongata, present in pairs, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei" [Wikipedia:Olivary_body]
synonym: "olive" RELATED []
synonym: "olive body" EXACT []
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray679.png/200px-Gray679.png
xref: BTO:0002299 ! oliva
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:279293003 ! Entire olivary body
synonym: "oliva" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olivary_body]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Gray679.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002127
name: inferior olivary complex
def: "largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. It is closely associated with the cerebellum, but its specific function is voluntary body movements." [Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inferior olivary nuclear complex" EXACT [FMA:72243]
synonym: "inferior olivary nucleus" RELATED [FMA:72243]
synonym: "inferior olive" EXACT [FMA:72243]
synonym: "caudal olivary nuclei" RELATED [BTO:0002298]
synonym: "complexus olivaris inferior" RELATED [BTO:0002298]
synonym: "inferior olivary nuclei" RELATED [BTO:0002298]
synonym: "nuclei olivares caudales" RELATED [BTO:0002298]
synonym: "nuclei olivares inferiores" RELATED [BTO:0002298]
xref: FMA:72243 ! Inferior olivary complex
xref: MA:0001040 ! inferior olive
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1164 ! Inferior olivary complex
xref: TAO:0000215 ! inferior olive
xref: ZFA:0000215 ! inferior olive
xref: BTO:0002298 ! inferior olivary complex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CerebCircuit.png/200px-CerebCircuit.png
xref: EV:0100277 ! inferior olivary nuclei
xref: ABA:IO ! Inferior olivary complex
xref: BM:Me-IO ! inferior olivary complex
is_a: UBERON:0007245 ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000128 ! olivary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002154 {source="ABA"} ! lateral reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002559 {source="ABA"} ! medullary reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus
synonym: "oliva" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72243]
synonym: "complexus olivaris inferior; nuclei olivares inferiores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/CerebCircuit.png
xref: VHOG:0001627 ! inferior olive
property_value: homology_notes "The inferior olive appears to be present in all vertebrate classes and is particularly well developed in species with a well-developed cerebellum.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001627", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.256", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007244 ! inferior olivary nucleus
name: inferior olivary nucleus
def: "The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata." [Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus]
synonym: "inferior olive" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus]
xref: BTO:0003844 ! inferior olivary nucleus
xref: EMAPA:19241 ! inferior olivary nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001380 ! inferior olivary nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002127 ! inferior olivary complex
xref: SCTID:369066005 ! Entire inferior olivary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013608
name: inferior olive dorsal accessory nucleus
synonym: "dorsal accessory nucleus of inferior olivary complex" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007244 {source="MA-inferred"} ! inferior olivary nucleus
xref: MA:0001042 ! inferior olive dorsal accessory nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013609
name: inferior olive medial accessory nucleus
synonym: "medial accessory nucleus of inferior olivary complex" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007244 {source="MA-inferred"} ! inferior olivary nucleus
xref: MA:0001044 ! inferior olive medial accessory nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013610
name: inferior olive ventral accessory nucleus
synonym: "ventral accessory nucleus of inferior olivary complex" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007244 {source="cjm"} ! inferior olivary nucleus


[Term]
id: UBERON:0002128 ! superior olivary complex
name: superior olivary complex
def: "The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound[GO]." [Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex]
comment: GO -- In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. -- TODO fix GO def to be the same throughout
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior olivary nuclei" EXACT [FMA:72247]
synonym: "superior olivary nucleus" RELATED [FMA:72247]
synonym: "superior olive" EXACT [FMA:72247]
xref: FMA:72247 ! Superior olivary complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1307 ! Superior olivary complex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray713.png/200px-Gray713.png
xref: EV:0100263 ! superior olivary nucleus
xref: ABA:SOC ! Superior olivary complex
is_a: UBERON:0007245 ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006840 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of lateral lemniscus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007634 {source="ABA"} ! parabrachial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002597 {source="ABA"} ! principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
synonym: "nucleus olivaris superior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72247]
synonym: "nucleus olivaris superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray713.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007247 ! superior olivary nucleus
name: superior olivary nucleus
synonym: "superior olive" RELATED [MA:0001026]
synonym: "nucleus of superior olivary complex" EXACT [FMA:72246]
xref: FMA:72246 ! nucleus of superior olivary complex
xref: MA:0001026 ! superior olivary nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001381 ! superior olivary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0006331 ! brainstem nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002128 ! superior olivary complex
xref: SCTID:369024009 ! Entire superior olivary nucleus
synonym: "superior olivary complex nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72246]
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a superior olivary complex." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002158
name: principal inferior olivary nucleus
def: "The inferior olivary nucleus that consists of the major laminar structure." [Wikipedia:Olivary_body#Olivary_nuclei]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "chief inferior olivary nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior olivary complex, principal olive" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior olive principal nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior olive, principal nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "main olivary nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "principal nucleus of inferior olive" EXACT []
synonym: "principal olivary nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "convoluted olive" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081248]
synonym: "principal olive" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081248]
xref: FMA:72592 ! Principal inferior olivary nucleus
xref: MA:0001046 ! inferior olive principal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081248 ! Principal olivary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007244 ! inferior olivary nucleus
synonym: "nucleus olivaris principalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72592]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002159
name: medial accessory inferior olivary nucleus
def: "The inferior olivary nucleus that lies between the primary olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally" [Wikipedia:Olivary_body#Olivary_nuclei]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "inferior olivary complex, medial accessory olive" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior olive medial nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior olive, medial nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "medial accessory olivary nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72594 ! Medial accessory inferior olivary nucleus
xref: MA:0001045 ! inferior olive medial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007244 ! inferior olivary nucleus
synonym: "nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72594]
xref: SCTID:369069003 ! Entire medial accessory olivary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007249
name: dorsal accessory inferior olivary nucleus
def: "The inferior olivary nucleus that is the smallest, and appears on transverse section as a curved lamina behind the primary olivary nucleus" [Wikipedia:Olivary_body#Olivary_nuclei]
synonym: "dorsal accessory olivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72593]
synonym: "inferior olivary complex, dorsal accessory olive" EXACT [FMA:72593]
synonym: "inferior olive, dorsal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72593]
synonym: "posterior accessory olivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72593]
xref: FMA:72593 ! dorsal accessory inferior olivary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007244 ! inferior olivary nucleus
synonym: "nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72593]
xref: SCTID:369068006 ! Entire dorsal accessory olivary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002782
name: medial superior olivary nucleus
def: "The superior olivary complex (or SOC or superior olive) is a small mass of gray substance situated on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body. Small in humans, but well developed in certain animals, it exhibits similar structure as the inferior olivary nucleus, and is situated immediately above it. Some of the fibers of the trapezoid body end by arborizing around the cells of this nucleus, while others arise from these cells. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_olivary_complex]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "chief nucleus of superior olive" EXACT [FMA:72473]
synonym: "chief superior olivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72473]
synonym: "main superior olivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72473]
synonym: "medial superior olive" EXACT [FMA:72473]
synonym: "principal superior olivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72473]
synonym: "superior olivary nucleus, medial part" EXACT [FMA:72473]
synonym: "nucleus laminaris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1682]
xref: FMA:72473 ! Medial superior olivary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1682 ! Medial superior olivary nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray713.png/200px-Gray713.png
xref: BM:Pons-SOM ! medial superior olivary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007247 ! superior olivary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002779
name: lateral superior olivary nucleus
def: "In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Olivary_body]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "accessory olivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72472]
synonym: "accessory superior olivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72472]
synonym: "accessory superior olive" EXACT [FMA:72472]
synonym: "lateral superior olive" EXACT [FMA:72472]
synonym: "superior olivary nucleus, lateral part" EXACT [FMA:72472]
xref: FMA:72472 ! Lateral superior olivary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1675 ! Lateral superior olivary nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray679.png/200px-Gray679.png
xref: BM:Pons-SOL ! lateral superior olivary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007247 ! superior olivary nucleus
xref: SCTID:360477003 ! Accessory olivary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002129
name: cerebellar cortex
def: "The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function[GO]." [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_cortex]
comment: The circuits in the cerebellar cortex look similar across all classes of vertebrates, including fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals (e.g., Fig. 2). This has been taken as evidence that the cerebellum performs functions important to all vertebrate species. (Wikipedia)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cortex cerebellaris" RELATED [BTO:0000043]
xref: BTO:0000043
xref: FMA:72248 ! Cerebellar cortex
xref: GAID:596 ! cerebellar cortex
xref: MA:0000199 ! cerebellar cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1566 ! Cerebellar cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Cortex ! Cerebellar Cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cerebellum_NIH.png/200px-Cerebellum_NIH.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212 ! cerebellar cortex
xref: EV:0100294 ! cerebellum cortex
xref: ABA:CBX ! Cerebellar cortex
xref: BM:CB-Cbx ! cerebellar cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007613 {source="Wikipedia"} ! memory
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002130 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellar nuclear complex
xref: SCTID:361593004 ! Entire cerebellar cortex
xref: VHOG:0001597 ! cerebellar cortex
xref: UMLS:C0007759

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002138
name: habenulo-interpeduncular tract
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "fasciculus retroflexus" EXACT []
synonym: "habenulointerpeduncular fasciculus" EXACT []
synonym: "habenulointerpeduncular tract" RELATED []
synonym: "habenulopeduncular tract" EXACT []
synonym: "Meynert's retroflex bundle" EXACT []
synonym: "tractus habenulo-interpeduncularis" EXACT [ZFA:0000353]
synonym: "fasciculus retroflexus (meynert)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1504]
xref: FMA:72400 ! Habenulo-interpeduncular tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1504 ! Fasciculus retroflexus
xref: TAO:0000353 ! fasciculus retroflexus
xref: ZFA:0000353 ! fasciculus retroflexus
xref: BM:HPT ! habenulopeduncular tract
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: SCTID:369194000 ! Entire habenulopeduncular tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011357 ! Reissner's fiber
name: Reissner's fiber
def: "An acellular strand that runs from subcommissural organ caudally through the ventricular system and central canal to the ampulla caudalis. Develops from glycoproteins secreted into CSF." [ISBN10:0471888893, Wikipedia:Reissner's_fiber]
comment: Taxon notes: Reissner's fiber is present in the central canal of species in all chordate subphyla[Olsson R. (1993) Reissner's fiber mechanisms: some common denominators. In The Subcommissural Organ: An Ependymal Brain Gland ]
synonym: "Reissner's fibre" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! Chordata
relationship: composed_primarily_of PR:000015658 ! SCO-spondin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011358
name: infundibular organ
def: "." []
comment: Resembles the subcommisural organ structurally, ultrastructurally and immunochemically[Niewenhuys] Gives rise to Reissner's fiber; however secretions are not identical to those of SCO [PMID:9550137][doi:10.1007/BF00303086]
synonym: "infundibular organ of Boeke" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral infundibular organ" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
relationship: has_part CL:0000065 ! ependymal cell
relationship: secretes UBERON:0011357 ! Reissner's fiber
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7737 {source="doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1976", stage="larval"} ! Branchiostoma

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011360
name: ampulla caudalis
def: "A ventricle-like space at the end of the central canal" [ISBN10:0471888893]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002291 {notes="in caudal end of"} ! central canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002139
name: subcommissural organ
def: "The subcommissural organ is a circumventricular organ consisting of ependymal cells which secrete SCO-spondin[WP,partially vetted]." [Wikipedia:Subcommissural_organ, PMID:9579598]
comment: Occurs throughout the vertebartes [PMID:9579598, doi:10.1002/ar.1091260210]. First appears in hagfish(Olsson). In many species, including the human, it reaches its full development during embryonic life[PMID:9579598]. During the course of phyletic evolution, one notes various changes. Indeed, in lower vertebrates, the SCO presents a greater degree of enzyme activity than the ependyma while in birds the ependyma demonstrates a more intense activity than the SCO[PMID:479574] Sometimes preceded by flexural organ[doi:10.1007/BF00303086]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal subcommissural organ" RELATED []
synonym: "SCO" RELATED []
xref: FMA:72414 ! Subcommissural organ
xref: GAID:794 ! subcommissural organ
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1028 ! Subcommissural organ
xref: BTO:0001820 ! subcommissural organ
xref: MA:0002941 ! subcommissural organ
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray715.png/200px-Gray715.png
xref: MESH:A08.713.810 ! subcommissural organ
is_a: UBERON:0010134 {source="MA"} ! secretory circumventricular organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002314 {source="MA"} ! midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011357 ! Reissner's fiber
relationship: has_part CL:0000065 ! ependymal cell
relationship: secretes PR:000015658 ! SCO-spondin
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="multiple"} ! Vertebrata
xref: SCTID:369193006 ! Entire subcommissural organ
xref: ZFA:0000683 ! subcommissural organ
xref: TAO:0000683 ! subcommissural organ
synonym: "organum subcommissurale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subcommissural_organ]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011577
name: flexural organ
def: "a portion of tissue that is the most anterior portion of the notochord. The flexural organ secretes Reissner's fiber-related proteins, including F-spondin." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=994726, ZFA:0007071]
comment: Taxon notes: may be an ontogenetical remnant of the infundibular organ in cephalochordates. Editor notes: we cannot classify as a secretory circumventricular organ, as this leads to unsatisfiability
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0010134 {notes="unvetted"} ! secretory circumventricular organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002328 {source="ZFA"} ! notochord
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 ! Chordata
relationship: secretes PR:000015557 ! spondin-1
xref: ZFA:0007071

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002141
name: parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
def: "The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (also known as the accessory oculomotor nucleus) is the accessory parasympathetic cranial nerve nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, supplying the constricting muscles of the iris. Alternatively, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a term often used to refer to the adjacent population of non-preganglionic neurons that do not project to the ciliary ganglion, but rather project to the spinal cord, dorsal raphe nucleus, and septal nuclei. Unlike the classical, preganglionic Edinger-Westphal neurons that contain choline acetyltransferase, neurons of the non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus have been shown to contain various stress- and feeding-related neuropeptides, such as Urocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. Proper nomenclature for this distinct brain region has not yet been established. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Edinger-westphal_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "accessory oculomotor nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "edinger-westphal nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "oculomotor nucleus, parvocellular part" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus Edinger-Westphal" EXACT [ZFA:0000244]
xref: FMA:72424 ! Parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
xref: MA:0001071 ! edinger-westphal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_822 ! Parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000244 ! nucleus Edinger-Westphal
xref: ABA:EW ! Edinger-Westphal nucleus
xref: BM:EW ! Edinger-Westphal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus
xref: SCTID:62088007 ! Edinger Westphal nucleus
xref: TAO:0000244 ! nucleus Edinger-Westphal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002142
name: pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
def: "The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, PPTN) is located in the brainstem, caudal to the substantia nigra and adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle. It is composed by a wide variety of neurochemical cell types, including cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic cells. In the classical sense, the PPN is considered to be one of the main components of the reticular activating system. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pedunculopontine_tegmental_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "peduncular pontine nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "pedunculopontine nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72429 ! Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
xref: MA:0001020 ! peduncular pontine nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1437 ! Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
xref: ABA:PPN ! Pedunculopontine nucleus
xref: BM:Pons-PPT ! pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002275 ! reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007412 {source="ABA"} ! midbrain raphe nuclei
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001965 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars compacta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002143
name: dorsal tegmental nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal tegmental nucleus (gudden)" EXACT []
synonym: "gudden nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior tegmental nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "von Gudden's nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis" EXACT [ZFA:0000346]
synonym: "dorsal tegmental nucleus of gudden" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_992]
xref: FMA:72434 ! Dorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: MA:0001013 ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_992 ! Dorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: TAO:0000346 ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000346 ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001368 ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: ABA:DTN ! Dorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: BM:TD ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002968 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002151 {source="ABA"} ! pontine nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus
synonym: "nucleus tegmentalis posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72434]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002144
name: peripeduncular nucleus
def: "a group of neuron cell bodies that form a thin, caplike configuration over the dorsolateral aspect of the crus cerebri; many of its cells are acetylcholinesterase positive." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=61630]
comment: Note that FMA and NIF support this being part of midbrain tegmentum; MA places this in the thalamus and ABA supports thalamus. todo - check. for now we take a conservative position and assert overlaps for both rather than part of
synonym: "peripeduncular nucleus of pons" EXACT [FMA:72437]
xref: FMA:72437 ! Peripeduncular nucleus
xref: MA:0000875 ! peripeduncular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1474 ! Peripeduncular nucleus
xref: ABA:PP ! Peripeduncular nucleus
xref: BM:MB-PPN ! peripeduncular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001900 {source="MA"} ! subthalamus
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001943 {source="NIF"} ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002704 {source="ABA"} ! metathalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002776 {source="ABA"} ! ventral nuclear group
xref: SCTID:25949000 ! Peripeduncular nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002145
name: interpeduncular nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "interpeduncular ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "interpedunclear nucleus" RELATED [MTB:379]
xref: FMA:72439 ! Interpeduncular nucleus
xref: MA:0001069 ! interpeduncular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1000 ! Interpeduncular nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000903 ! interpeduncular nucleus tegmentum
xref: ABA:IPN ! Interpeduncular nucleus
xref: BM:MB-IP ! interpeduncular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 {source="NIF"} ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002043 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal raphe nucleus
xref: TAO:0000903 ! interpeduncular nucleus tegmentum
synonym: "interpeduncular nucleus tegmentum" RELATED [TAO:0000903]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002146
name: pulmonary valve
def: "Cardiac valve which has as its parts the right anterior, left anterior and posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of pulmonary valve.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pulmonic valve" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:4412 ! pulmonary valve
xref: FMA:7246 ! Pulmonary valve
xref: GAID:566 ! pulmonary valve
xref: VHOG:0000814 ! pulmonary valve
xref: MA:0000089 ! pulmonary valve
xref: ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Valve ! Pulmonary Valve
xref: galen:PulmonaryValve ! pulmonary valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP6uq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pulmonary valve
xref: EHDAA2:0001577 ! pulmonary valve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:17872 ! pulmonary valve
xref: MESH:A07.541.510.738 ! pulmonary valve
is_a: UBERON:0005623 {source="MA"} ! semi-lunar valves
xref: SCTID:181289004 ! Entire pulmonary valve
synonym: "valva trunci pulmonalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg
property_value: external_definition "The valve with semilunar cusps at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle of the heart. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000814", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+valve", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0034086

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002147
name: reticulotegmental nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "reticular tegmental nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "reticulotegmental nucleus of pons" EXACT []
synonym: "tegmental reticular nucleus, pontine gray" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72471 ! Reticulotegmental nucleus
xref: MA:0001025 ! reticular tegmental nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_882 ! Reticulotegmental nucleus
xref: ABA:TRN ! Tegmental reticular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002275 ! reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002968 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002151 {source="ABA"} ! pontine nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus
synonym: "nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72471]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002148
name: locus ceruleus
def: "The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]." [Wikipedia:Locus_ceruleus, GO:0021703, GAID:577]
comment: TODO - check ZFA/pons. also GO says part of dorsorostral pons
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "caerulean nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "locus coeruleus" EXACT []
synonym: "locus coeruleu" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus of locus caeruleus" EXACT []
synonym: "locus caeruleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905]
synonym: "nucleus pigmentosus pontis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905]
synonym: "substantia ferruginea" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905]
synonym: "blue nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905]
synonym: "locus cinereus" RELATED [BTO:0001408]
xref: BTO:0001408
xref: FMA:72478 ! Locus ceruleus
xref: GAID:577 ! locus coeruleu
xref: MA:0001017 ! locus coeruleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_905 ! Locus ceruleus
xref: TAO:0000539 ! locus coeruleus
xref: ZFA:0000539 ! locus coeruleus
xref: EFO:0001963 ! locus coeruleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray709.png/200px-Gray709.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.473 ! locus coeruleu
xref: ABA:LC ! Locus ceruleus
xref: BM:Pons-LC ! locus coeruleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: capable_of GO:0048243 ! norepinephrine secretion
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003004 {source="ABA"} ! median raphe nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002267 {source="ABA"} ! laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002047 {source="ABA"} ! pontine raphe nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002587 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus subceruleus
synonym: "nucleus caeruleus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72478]
xref: SCTID:369016004 ! Entire locus ceruleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Locus_Coeruleus ! locus coeruleus
xref: UMLS:C0023951

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010125
name: future superior salivatory nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002149 ! superior salivatory nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004644 ! future superior salivatory nucleus
def: "A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a superior salivatory nucleus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002149
name: superior salivatory nucleus
def: "visceromotor cranial nerve nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum." [Wikipedia:Superior_salivatory_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior salivary nucleus" EXACT [GO:0021753]
xref: FMA:72482 ! Superior salivatory nucleus
xref: MA:0001027 ! superior salivatory nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1131 ! Superior salivatory nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/200px-Gray788.png
xref: ABA:SSN ! Superior salivatory nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0004133 ! salivatory nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 ! pontine tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002968 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002151 {source="ABA"} ! pontine nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus
xref: SCTID:369028007 ! Entire superior salivary nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004646 ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010125 {evidence="definitional"} ! future superior salivatory nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002153
alt_id: UBERON:0008997
name: fastigial nucleus
def: "The fastigial nucleus or nucleus fastigii refers specifically to the concentration of gray matter nearest to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior vermis, and immediately over the roof of the fourth ventricle, from which it is separated by a thin layer of white matter. It is smaller than the nucleus dentatus, but somewhat larger than the nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus, the other two independent centers of gray matter in the cerebellum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Fastigial_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medial (fastigial) nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "medial cerebellar nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "roof nucleus-1" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus fastigii" EXACT [BTO:0003839]
xref: FMA:72537 ! Fastigial nucleus
xref: MA:0001009 ! medial cerebellar nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1146 ! Fastigial nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray707.png/200px-Gray707.png
xref: ABA:FN ! Fastigial nucleus
xref: BM:CB-CBM ! medial nucleus of cerebellum
xref: SCTID:279224002 ! Nucleus fastigii
xref: BTO:0003839 ! nucleus fastigii
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002130 ! cerebellar nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002132 {source="ABA"} ! dentate nucleus
synonym: "nucleus fastigii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fastigial_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray707.png
xref: VHOG:0001699 ! fastigial nucleus
property_value: homology_notes "One or more deep cerebellar nuclei appear in agnathans, sharks, ropefishes, lungfishes, Latimeria, and amphibians. Reptiles have two nuclei (a medial and a lateral), and birds and mammals have three nuclei (a medial, a lateral, and an interposed nucleus). The medial nucleus of mammals is known as the fastigial nucleus, and the lateral nucleus is known as the dentate nucleus.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001699", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB\, Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.260-261", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006331 ! brainstem nucleus
name: brainstem nucleus
xref: MA:0000821 ! brainstem nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002298 ! brainstem
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002155
name: gigantocellular nucleus
def: "The gigantocellular nucleus, as the name indicates, is mainly composed of the so called giant neuronal cells. This nucleus has been known to innervate the caudal hypoglossal nucleus, and responds to glutamateric stimuli. The gigantocellular nucleus excites the hypoglossal nucleus, and can play a role in the actions of the said nerve . This nucleus receives connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Retrograde studies have shown that the deep mesencephalic reticular formation and oral pontine reticular nucleus project to the nucleus gigantocellularis. The dorsal rostral section of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis is also involved mediating in expiration (or out-breathing) along with the parvocellular nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gigantocellular_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gigantocellular reticular nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72576 ! Gigantocellular nucleus
xref: MA:0001037 ! gigantocellular reticular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005001 ! Nucleus gigantocellularis
xref: ABA:GRN ! Gigantocellular reticular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0006331 ! brainstem nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002154 {source="ABA"} ! lateral reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002559 {source="ABA"} ! medullary reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus
synonym: "nucleus gigantocellularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72576]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002160
name: nucleus prepositus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "nucleus prepositus hypoglossus" RELATED []
synonym: "prepositus hypoglossal nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "prepositus nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus praepositus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2652]
xref: FMA:72596 ! Nucleus prepositus
xref: MA:0001023 ! prepositus hypoglossal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2652 ! Nucleus prepositus
xref: ABA:PRP ! Nucleus prepositus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002881 {source="ABA"} ! sublingual nucleus
xref: SCTID:369078009 ! Entire nucleus prepositus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002161
name: gracile nucleus
def: "Located in the medulla oblongata, the gracile nucleus is one of the dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body (legs and trunk). It contains second-order neurons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus system, which receive inputs from sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and send axons that synapse in the thalamus. The neurons contained within the nucleus form a visible bump called the gracile tubercle on the posterior side of the closed medulla at the floor of the fourth ventricle. The gracile nucleus and fasciculus carry epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from the lower part of the body (below the level of T6 in the spinal cord). The counterpart to the gracile nucleus and fasciculus is the cuneate nucleus and fasciculus, which carries the same type of information, but from the upper body (above T6, excepting the face and ear - the information from the face and ear is carried by the primary sensory trigeminal nucleus). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gracile_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Goll's nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "golls nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2643]
synonym: "nucleus gracilis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2643]
xref: FMA:72602 ! Gracile nucleus
xref: MA:0001038 ! gracile nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2643 ! Gracile nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray688.png/200px-Gray688.png
xref: EV:0100280 ! nucleus gracilis
xref: ABA:GR ! Gracile nucleus
xref: BM:Me-Gr ! gracile nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002045 {source="ABA"} ! cuneate nucleus
xref: SCTID:369071003 ! Entire nucleus gracilis
synonym: "nucleus gracilis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gracile_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gray688.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002162
name: area postrema
def: "A small, rounded eminence on each side of the FOURTH VENTRICLE, which receives nerve fibers from the SOLITARY NUCLEUS , SPINAL CORD, and adjacent areas of the MEDULLA. The area postrema lies outside the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and its functions include acting as an emetic chemoreceptor." [MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.406.286, Wikipedia:Area_postrema]
comment: Function notes: vomiting center in humans[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:72607 ! Area postrema
xref: GAID:591 ! area postrema
xref: MA:0001034 ! area postrema
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2636 ! Area postrema
xref: TAO:0005146 ! area postrema
xref: ZFA:0005146 ! area postrema
xref: BTO:0003425 ! area postrema
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray709.png/200px-Gray709.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.406.286 ! area postrema
xref: ABA:AP ! Area postrema
is_a: UBERON:0010135 {source="MA"} ! sensory circumventricular organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="MA", source="ZFA"} ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002610 {source="ABA"} ! cochlear nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002864 {source="ABA"} ! accessory cuneate nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007633 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of trapezoid body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002126 {source="ABA"} ! solitary tract nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002866 {source="ABA"} ! caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002873 {source="ABA"} ! interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002591 {source="ABA"} ! oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: SCTID:369039005 ! Entire area postrema
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray709.png
property_value: external_definition "An area of medulla oblongata, outside the blood-brain barrier.  The apical terminals of the neurons are, in a strategic location either to monitor the chemical constitution of the plasma or to release neurogenic substances into the general circulation. Ma 1997.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005146", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002164
name: tectobulbar tract
def: "a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain." [GO:0034429]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tecto-bulbar tract" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72645 ! Tectobulbar tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_750 ! Tectobulbar tract
xref: TAO:0000446 ! tecto-bulbar tract
xref: ZFA:0000446 ! tecto-bulbar tract
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:369265000 ! Entire tectobulbar tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002165
alt_id: UBERON:0006225
name: endocardium
def: "The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Endocardium, FMA:7280]
comment: fixed in GO to reflect FMA. See email to David/Varsha June 18 2010
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "heart endocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "endocardial tissue" EXACT [EMAPA:17868]
xref: BTO:0000387
xref: EFO:0000821 ! endocardium
xref: FMA:7280 ! Endocardium
xref: GAID:550 ! endocardium
xref: galen:Endocardium
xref: MAT:0000455 ! endocardium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rsWA75K1cEduAAADggVaqvw
xref: TAO:0001320 ! endocardium
xref: XAO:0000066 ! endocardium
xref: ZFA:0001320 ! endocardium
xref: MA:0000076 ! heart endocardium
xref: ncithesaurus:Endocardium ! Endocardium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rsWA75K1cEduAAADggVaqvw ! endocardium
xref: VHOG:0000084 ! heart endocardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gray493.png/200px-Gray493.png
xref: MESH:A07.541.207 ! endocardium
xref: EV:0100021 ! endocardium
is_a: UBERON:0002523 ! tunica intima
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003084 ! fused heart primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
xref: AAO:0010408 ! endocardium
xref: EMAPA:17868 ! endocardial tissue
xref: SCTID:362013006 ! Entire endocardium
xref: EHDAA2:0004153 ! endocardium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007280 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive endocardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010408", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001320", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "heart endocardial tissue" RELATED [VHOG:0000084]
xref: UMLS:C0014124

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008307
name: heart endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: BTO:0004293 ! heart endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of a heart." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002166
name: endocardium of atrium
def: "Endocardium that is part of the atrium." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "atrial endocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "atrium endocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "Cardiac atria endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocardium of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium endocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7284 ! Endocardium of atrium
xref: VHOG:0000606 ! atrium endocardium
xref: MA:0000077 ! atrium endocardium
xref: ZFA:0001614 ! atrial endocardium
is_a: UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
xref: SCTID:192001005 ! Entire endocardium of atrium
xref: TAO:0002169 ! atrial endocardium
synonym: "atrium endocardial tissue" RELATED [VHOG:0000606]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002167
name: right lung
def: "Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Right_lung, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:4969 ! right lung
xref: FMA:7309 ! Right lung
xref: VHOG:0000301 ! right lung
xref: MA:0000426 ! right lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Lung ! Right Lung
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right lung
xref: EHDAA2:0001730 ! right lung
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gray972.png/200px-Gray972.png
xref: EMAPA:17661 ! right lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0002048 ! lung
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000170 ! pair of lungs
xref: SCTID:361967000 ! Entire right lung
property_value: homology_notes "Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000301", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225706

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002168
name: left lung
def: "Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Left_lung, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:4947 ! left lung
xref: FMA:7310 ! Left lung
xref: VHOG:0000618 ! left lung
xref: MA:0000425 ! left lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Lung ! Left Lung
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! left lung
xref: EHDAA2:0000943 ! left lung
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gray973.png/200px-Gray973.png
xref: EMAPA:17653 ! left lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0002048 ! lung
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000170 ! pair of lungs
xref: SCTID:361982005 ! Entire left lung
property_value: homology_notes "Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000618", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225730

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung
name: alveolus of lung
def: "Spherical outcropping of the respiratory bronchioles and primary site of gas exchange with the blood. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_alveolus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "alveolus" BROAD []
synonym: "lung alveolus" EXACT []
synonym: "pulmonary alveolus" EXACT [FMA:7318]
synonym: "alveoli" RELATED PLURAL [BTO:0000060]
synonym: "alveolus pulmonis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_alveolus]
xref: BTO:0000060
xref: FMA:7318 ! Pulmonary alveolus
xref: VHOG:0001445 ! lung alveolus
xref: MA:0000420 ! lung alveolus
xref: GAID:349 ! pulmonary alveoli 
xref: MESH:A04.411.715 ! pulmonary alveoli
xref: EV:0100043 ! alveolus (also: UBERON:0003215 'alveolus')
xref: EFO:0001985 ! pulmonary alveolus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003215 ! alveolus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006524 {source="MA"} ! alveolar system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002169 {source="FMA"} ! alveolar sac
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="PMID:12869615", source="PMID:12625309"} ! Mammalia
relationship: site_of GO:0007585 ! respiratory gaseous exchange
xref: SCTID:361364000 ! Entire pulmonary alveolus
synonym: "alveolus pulmonis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_alveolus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Alveolus_diagram.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004861
name: right lung alveolus
def: "An alveolus that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "alveolus of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001786 ! right lung alveolus
xref: EMAPA:19190 ! alveolus of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of accessory lobe (also: UBERON:0002299 'alveolus of lung')
xref: EMAPA:19188 ! alveolus of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of caudal lobe (also: UBERON:0002299 'alveolus of lung')
xref: EMAPA:19186 ! alveolus of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of cranial lobe (also: UBERON:0002299 'alveolus of lung')
xref: EMAPA:19184 ! alveolus of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of middle lobe (also: UBERON:0002299 'alveolus of lung')
intersection_of: UBERON:0003215 ! alveolus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! part_of right lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006526 ! right lung alveolar system
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Alveolus ! Right Lung Alveolus
xref: UMLS:C1709959

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004862
name: left lung alveolus
def: "An alveolus that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "alveolus of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "alveolus of lobe of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001777 ! left lung alveolus
xref: EMAPA:19182 ! alveolus of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of left lung (also: UBERON:0002299 'alveolus of lung')
intersection_of: UBERON:0003215 ! alveolus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! part_of left lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006525 ! left lung alveolar system
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Alveolus ! Left Lung Alveolus
xref: UMLS:C1708673

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009058
name: faveolus
def: "A bellows-shaped respiratory unit extending from the outer wall of the lung into a central air space." [PMID:12869615]
synonym: "lung faveolus" EXACT []
synonym: "faveoli" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "edicula" RELATED SENSU [PMID:12625309]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
comment: Dunker (1978) coined the terms ediculae or faveoli to describe the unit structure of the reptilian parenchymal, which are analogous to mammalian alveoli, but are up to 1,000 times larger than alveoli of similar sized mammals[PMID:12625309]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008961 ! parabronchus
name: parabronchus
def: "tertiary bronchus in the avian lung." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/parabronchi]
synonym: "paleopulmonic parabronchus" NARROW []
synonym: "neopulmonic parabronchus" NARROW []
synonym: "parabronchi" RELATED PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0002184 {notes="tertiary", source="Kardong"} ! segmental bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0009072 ! ventrobronchus
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0009073 ! dorsobronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012086
name: lumen of parabronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0008961 ! parabronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008961 ! parabronchus
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a parabronchus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012087
name: air capilary
def: "An extension of the parabronchus, the walls of which are the site of gas exchange" [ISBN10:0073040584, http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab26/Examples/exairves.htm]
synonym: "air vesicle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: site_of GO:0007585 ! respiratory gaseous exchange
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0008961 ! parabronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009060 ! air sac
name: air sac
def: "any of the membranous air-filled extensions of the lungs of birds, which increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the lungs" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/air+sac, Wikipedia:Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system]
comment: Three distinct sets of organs perform respiration—the anterior air sacs (interclavicular, cervicals, and anterior thoracics), the lungs, and the posterior air sacs (posterior thoracics and abdominals). The posterior and anterior air sacs, typically nine, expand during inhalation. Air enters the bird via the trachea. Half of the inhaled air enters the posterior air sacs, the other half passes through the lungs and into the anterior air sacs. Air from the anterior air sacs empties directly into the trachea and out the bird's mouth or nares. The posterior air sacs empty their air into the lungs. Air passing through the lungs as the bird exhales is expelled via the trachea. Some taxonomic groups (Passeriformes) possess 7 air sacs, as the clavicular air sacs may interconnect or be fused with the cranial thoracic air sacs[WP]
synonym: "psotcranial air sac" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "sacci pneumatici" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: MESH:A13.048 ! air sac
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/BirdRespiration.svg
xref: SCTID:49081009 ! Air sacs

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009948
name: clavicular air sac
is_a: UBERON:0009060 ! air sac
xref: SCTID:2574004 ! Clavicular air sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009949
name: humeral diverticulum of clavicular air sac
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0009948 ! clavicular air sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009061 ! anterior air sac
name: anterior air sac
synonym: "cranial air sac" RELATED []
subset: grouping_class
comment: interclavicular, cervicals, & anterior thoracics
is_a: UBERON:0009060 ! air sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009062 ! posterior air sac
name: posterior air sac
synonym: "caudal air sac" RELATED []
subset: grouping_class
comment: Half of the inhaled air enters the posterior air sacs. The posterior air sacs empty their air into the lungs. // posterior thoracics & abdominals
is_a: UBERON:0009060 ! air sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009063
name: interclavicular air sac
comment: Unapaired[Kardong]
is_a: UBERON:0009061 ! anterior air sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009064
name: cervical air sac
is_a: UBERON:0009061 ! anterior air sac
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001004 {source="Kardong"} ! respiratory system
xref: SCTID:62426003 ! Cervical air sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009065
name: anterior thoracic air sac
synonym: "cranial thoracic air sac" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial thoracic sac" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0009061 ! anterior air sac
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001004 {source="Kardong"} ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009066
name: posterior thoracic air sac
synonym: "caudal thoracic air sac" RELATED []
synonym: "caudal thoracic sac" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0009062 ! posterior air sac
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001004 {source="Kardong"} ! respiratory system
xref: SCTID:10576005 ! Caudal thoracic air sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009067
name: abdominal air sac
is_a: UBERON:0009062 ! posterior air sac
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001004 {source="Kardong"} ! respiratory system
xref: SCTID:43701009 ! Abdominal air sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009071
name: mesobronchus
synonym: "mesobronchi" RELATED PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0002182 {source="Kardong"} ! main bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0009060 ! air sac
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009072
name: ventrobronchus
synonym: "ventrobronchi" RELATED PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0008961 ! parabronchus
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009073
name: dorsobronchus
synonym: "dorsobronchi" RELATED PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0002183 {notes="secondary"} ! lobar bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012088
name: lateroobronchus
is_a: UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0009066 ! posterior thoracic air sac
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003706
name: vocal cord
def: "Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx." [Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]
synonym: "Stimmband" RELATED  [BTO:0005084]
synonym: "Stimmlippe" RELATED  [BTO:0005084]
synonym: "plica vocalis" RELATED  [BTO:0005084]
synonym: "vocal band" RELATED  [BTO:0005084]
synonym: "vocal chord" RELATED  [BTO:0005084]
synonym: "true vocal cord" EXACT [FMA:55457]
synonym: "vocal cord" EXACT [FMA:55457]
synonym: "vocal fold" RELATED [GAID:344]
xref: BTO:0005084 ! vocal fold
xref: FMA:55457 ! Vocal fold
xref: GAID:344 ! vocal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Vocal_Cord ! Vocal Cord
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVieepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vocal cord
xref: EMAPA:19181 ! vocal folds
xref: MESH:A04.329.364.737 ! vocal cord
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 {source="FMA"} ! larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002486 {source="BTO"} ! glottis
relationship: has_function_in GO:0071625 ! vocalization behavior
xref: SCTID:245504003 ! Entire vocal cord
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002486 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! glottis
xref: UMLS:C0042930

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009074 ! syrinx organ
name: syrinx organ
def: "vocal organ of birds, located at the base of a trachea" [Wikipedia:Syrinx_(bird_anatomy)]
synonym: "syrinx" RELATED []
synonym: "avian vocal organ" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: has_function_in GO:0071625 ! vocalization behavior
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Syrinx.jpg
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009075
name: membrana tympaniformis
synonym: "wall of syrinx" EXACT [Wikipedia:Syrinx_(bird_anatomy)]
synonym: "syrinx organ wall" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! anatomical wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009074 ! syrinx organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009076
name: membrana tympaniformis lateralis
synonym: "lateral wall of syrinx" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0009075 ! membrana tympaniformis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009077
name: membrana tympaniformis medialis
synonym: "medial wall of syrinx" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0009075 ! membrana tympaniformis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009078
name: pessulus
def: "A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds" [http://www.encyclo.co.uk/webster/P/64]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009074 ! syrinx organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002169
alt_id: UBERON:0008871
name: alveolar sac
def: "the small terminal dilation of the alveolar ducts around which the alveoli form pocket-like clusters" [MP:0010902, Wikipedia:Alveolar_sac]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sacculus alveolaris" EXACT  [FMA:7317]
synonym: "pulmonary alveolar sac" EXACT [MP:0010902]
synonym: "air sac" RELATED [MP:0010902]
xref: BTO:0000061
xref: FMA:7317 ! Alveolar sac
xref: MA:0000418 ! alveolar sac
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Sac ! Alveolar Sac
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCvh75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! alveolar sac
intersection_of: UBERON:0007499 ! epithelial sac
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008874 ! pulmonary acinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006524 {source="MA"} ! alveolar system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008874 {source="FMA"} ! pulmonary acinus
xref: SCTID:361964007 ! Entire alveolar sac of lung
xref: UMLS:C0225691

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004821
name: pulmonary alveolus epithelium
def: "the epithelial layer of the alveoli[MP]. The layer of cells covering the lining of the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles[BTO]." [MP:0010898, BTO:0003511]
synonym: "alveolus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of alveolus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of alveolus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pulmonary alveolar epithelium" EXACT [FMA:63915]
synonym: "pulmonary alveolus epithelium" EXACT [MP:0010898]
synonym: "alveolus epithelium" EXACT [MA:0001771]
xref: MA:0001771 ! alveolus epithelium
xref: BTO:0003511 ! alveolar epithelium
xref: FMA:63915 ! pulmonary alveolar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000487 {source="FMA"} ! simple squamous epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004894 {source="FMA"} ! alveolar wall
relationship: has_part CL:0002062 {source="FMA"} ! type I pneumocyte
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung
synonym: "epithelium of pulmonary alveolus" EXACT [FMA:63915]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008946
name: lung parenchyma
synonym: "respiratory portion of lung" EXACT  [FMA:27360]
is_a: UBERON:0000353 {source="FMA"} ! parenchyma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 {source="FMA"} ! lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353 ! parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
xref: FMA:27360 ! Lung parenchyma
xref: SCTID:201712001 ! Entire lung parenchyma
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008870
name: pulmonary alveolar parenchyma
def: "the distinguishing cell types of the lung alveolar tissue, including pulmonary epithelial cells (pneumocytes), alveolar capillary endothelial cells, interstitial cells (fibroblasts) and alveolar macrophages" [MP:0010901]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 {source="MP"} ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353 ! parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010368
name: pulmonary lobule
is_a: UBERON:0009911 {source="FMA"} ! lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
xref: FMA:75739 ! pulmonary lobule
xref: ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Lobule ! Pulmonary Lobule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008874
name: pulmonary acinus
def: "the part of the airway consisting of a respiratory bronchiole and all of its branches" [MP:0010911, Wikipedia:Acinus#The_Lungs]
synonym: "primary pulmonary lobule" EXACT  [FMA:7313]
is_a: UBERON:0010368 {source="FMA"} ! pulmonary lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
xref: FMA:7313 ! pulmonary acinus
xref: SCTID:361365004 ! Entire pulmonary acinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Acinus ! Pulmonary Acinus
xref: UMLS:C0225696

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010369
name: secondary pulmonary lobule
is_a: UBERON:0010368 {source="FMA"} ! pulmonary lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008946 {source="FMA"} ! lung parenchyma
xref: FMA:7414 ! secondary pulmonary lobule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008872
name: pulmonary alveolus wall
def: "." [MP:0010903]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 {source="MP"} ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008873
name: alveolar pore
def: "the openings in the alveolar septum that permit air flow between adjacent alveoli" [MP:0010904]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 {source="MP"} ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004890
name: right lung accessory lobe
def: "A specialized lobe of the right lung that extends to the left side of the organism" [LG:0012619]
comment: In mouse this is sometimes divided into intermediate and diaphragmatic lobes[ISBN10:0123813611] // In humans, the right lung typically has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior). The lobar fissures are often incomplete, making a connection between two apposed lobes. Conversely, more than the expected number of lobes may be produced by new fissures e.g. the azygous lobe of the lung. The additional lobes are termed 'accessory lobes' -- http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1120927803
synonym: "right lung postcaval lobe" EXACT [MA:0000427]
synonym: "diaphragmatic lobe" NARROW [ISBN10:0123813611]
synonym: "intermediate lobe of right lung" NARROW [ISBN10:0123813611]
xref: MA:0000427 ! right lung accessory lobe
xref: VHOG:0000831 ! right lung accessory lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001731 ! right lung accessory lobe
xref: EMAPA:17981 ! accessory lobe
xref: EHDAA:4971 ! accessory lobe of right lung
is_a: UBERON:0000101 ! lobe of lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008950
name: azygous lobe of lung
is_a: UBERON:0004890 ! right lung accessory lobe
def: "The azygous lobe of the lung is an accessory lobe of the right lung. It is rare and usually associated with an abnormality of the azygous vein. It is produced by an aberrant position of the azygous vein near the hilum of the lung. It divides the right superior lobe near the apex of the lung down to the hilum in roughly the median plane. The fissure created, the meso-azygous fissure, is lined by both visceral and parietal pleura. The lobe lies superomedial to the fissure." [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk, http://www.e-radiography.net/radpath/a/azygoslobe.htm]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008955 ! middle lobe of lung
name: middle lobe of lung
def: "A lobe of the lung that is situated somewhere between an upper lobe and lower lobe." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: mice have 4 right lobes (5 in some schemes), humans have 2, and thus no middle lobe (the lingula is not a lobe)
synonym: "lung middle lobe" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000101 ! lobe of lung
relationship: posterior_to UBERON:0008948 ! upper lobe of lung
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0008949 ! lower lobe of lung
xref: galen:MiddleLobeOfLung ! middle lobe of lung
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008949 ! lower lobe of lung
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008948 ! upper lobe of lung
xref: SCTID:362900002 ! Entire middle lobe of lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002174
name: middle lobe of right lung
def: "In the human, the right lung is divided into three lobes (as opposed to two lobes on the left), superior, middle, and inferior, by two interlobular fissures: [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Middle_lobe_of_right_lung]
comment: Called 'middle lobe of lung' in FMA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intermediate lobe of right lung" EXACT []
synonym: "right lung middle lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "right lung, middle lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "right middle lobe" BROAD []
synonym: "right medial lobe" BROAD []
synonym: "right middle lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "right medial lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "middle lobe of lung" BROAD [FMA:7383]
synonym: "lobus medius pulmonis dextri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7383]
xref: FMA:7383 ! Middle lobe of lung
xref: MA:0000430 ! right lung middle lobe
xref: galen:MiddleLobeOfRightLung ! middle lobe of right lung
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gray972.png/200px-Gray972.png
xref: EMAPA:17997 ! middle lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0008955 ! middle lobe of lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung ! Middle Lobe of the Right Lung
xref: SCTID:361973004 ! Entire right middle lobe of lung
xref: UMLS:C0225757

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006518
name: right lung lobe
comment: Taxon notes: 4 in mice, divided into 3 in human by two interlobal fissures [ISBN-10:0123813611]
synonym: "lobe of the right lung" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung]
synonym: "lobe of right lung" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001791 ! right lung lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0000101 ! lobe of lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung ! Lobe of the Right Lung
xref: SCTID:272654004 ! Entire lobe of right lung
def: "A lobe of lung that is part of a right lung." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1285106

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008948
name: upper lobe of lung
def: "A lobe of the lung that is closest to the head." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: the logical definition must have a clause stating position relative to a lower lobe, otherwise a single lobed side (such as the left lobe in the mouse) trivially classifies as an upper lobe
synonym: "lobus superior" EXACT  [FMA:7334]
synonym: "lobus superior pulmonis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "superior lobe of lung" EXACT  [FMA:7334]
synonym: "cranial lobe of lung" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000101 ! lobe of lung
intersection_of: anterior_part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
intersection_of: anterior_to UBERON:0008949 ! lower lobe of lung
xref: FMA:7334 ! upper lobe of lung
xref: SCTID:303548008 ! Entire upper lobe of lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lung_Upper_Lobe ! Upper Lobe of the Lung
xref: galen:UpperLobeOfLung ! upper lobe of lung
xref: UMLS:C0225756

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002170
name: upper lobe of right lung
def: "The lobe of the right lung that is closest to the head." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lobus superior pulmonis dextri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "right upper lobe" EXACT  [FMA:7333]
synonym: "right upper lobe of lung" EXACT  [FMA:7333]
synonym: "superior lobe of right lung" EXACT  [FMA:7333]
synonym: "right lung superior lobe" RELATED  [MA:0000429]
synonym: "right lung cranial lobe" EXACT [MA:0000429]
synonym: "right cranial lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "upper lobe of right lung" EXACT [galen:UpperLobeOfRightLung]
xref: FMA:7333 ! Upper lobe of right lung
xref: VHOG:0000859 ! right lung cranial lobe
xref: MA:0000429 ! right lung cranial lobe
xref: galen:UpperLobeOfRightLung ! upper lobe of right lung
xref: EHDAA2:0001747 ! right lung cranial lobe
xref: EMAPA:17991 ! cranial lobe
xref: EHDAA:4987 ! cranial lobe of right lung
is_a: UBERON:0008948 {source="FMA"} ! upper lobe of lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0008948 ! upper lobe of lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung ! Upper Lobe of the Right Lung
xref: SCTID:361969002 ! Entire right upper lobe of lung
xref: UMLS:C1261074

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008951
name: left lung lobe
comment: Taxon notes: 1 in mice, divided into 2 in human by a single interlobar fissure, the oblqiue fissure [ISBN-10:0123813611]
xref: EHDAA:2981 ! left lobe
synonym: "lobe of the left lung" EXACT []
synonym: "lobe of left lung" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000101 ! lobe of lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
xref: SCTID:272655003 ! Entire lobe of left lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung ! Lobe of the Left Lung
def: "A lobe of lung that is part of a left lung." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1285107

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008952
name: upper lobe of left lung
def: "The lobe of the left lung that is closest to the head." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "left upper lobe" EXACT  [FMA:7370]
synonym: "left upper lobe of lung" EXACT  [FMA:7370]
synonym: "lobus superior pulmonis sinistri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "superior lobe of left lung" EXACT  [FMA:7370]
synonym: "left lung cranial lobe" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000953]
is_a: UBERON:0008948 {source="FMA"} ! upper lobe of lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0008948 ! upper lobe of lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:10088 {source="ISBN-10:0123813611"} ! Mus
xref: FMA:7370 ! upper lobe of left lung
xref: EHDAA2:0000953 ! left lung cranial lobe
xref: EHDAA:4957 ! cranial lobe
xref: SCTID:361984006 ! Entire left upper lobe of lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung ! Upper Lobe of the Left Lung
xref: galen:UpperLobeOfLeftLung ! upper lobe of left lung
xref: UMLS:C1261076

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008949
name: lower lobe of lung
comment: Editor notes: defining lobes spatially across species 
is_a: UBERON:0000101 ! lobe of lung
relationship: posterior_part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
synonym: "lobus inferior" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lobus inferior pulmonis" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "inferior lobe of lung" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:7335 ! lower lobe of lung
xref: SCTID:303549000 ! Entire lower lobe of lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lung_Lower_Lobe ! Lower Lobe of the Lung
xref: galen:LowerLobeOfLung ! lower lobe of lung
xref: UMLS:C0225758

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002171
name: lower lobe of right lung
def: "The lobe of the right lung that is furtherst from the head." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lobus inferior pulmonis dextri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7337]
synonym: "inferior lobe of right lung" EXACT  [FMA:7337]
synonym: "right lower lobe" EXACT  [FMA:7337]
synonym: "right lower lobe of lung" EXACT  [FMA:7337]
synonym: "right lung caudal lobe" RELATED  [MA:0000428]
synonym: "right lung inferior lobe" RELATED  [MA:0000428]
synonym: "right caudal lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "lower lobe of right lung" EXACT [galen:LowerLobeOfRightLung]
xref: FMA:7337 ! Lower lobe of right lung
xref: VHOG:0000857 ! right lung caudal lobe
xref: MA:0000428 ! right lung caudal lobe
xref: galen:LowerLobeOfRightLung ! lower lobe of right lung
xref: EHDAA2:0001740 ! right lung caudal lobe
xref: EMAPA:17986 ! caudal lobe
xref: EHDAA:4979 ! caudal lobe of right lung
is_a: UBERON:0008949 {source="FMA"} ! lower lobe of lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0008949 ! lower lobe of lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung ! Lower Lobe of the Right Lung
xref: SCTID:361976007 ! Entire right lower lobe of lung
xref: UMLS:C1261075

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008953
name: lower lobe of left lung
synonym: "inferior lobe of left lung" EXACT  [FMA:7371]
synonym: "left lower lobe" EXACT  [FMA:7371]
synonym: "left lower lobe of lung" EXACT  [FMA:7371]
synonym: "lobus inferior (pulmo sinister)" EXACT  [FMA:7371]
synonym: "lobus inferior pulmonis sinistri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "left lung caudal lobe" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000945]
is_a: UBERON:0008949 {source="FMA"} ! lower lobe of lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0008949 ! lower lobe of lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:10088 {source="ISBN-10:0123813611"} ! Mus
xref: FMA:7371 ! lower lobe of left lung
xref: EHDAA2:0000945 ! left lung caudal lobe
xref: EHDAA:4949 ! caudal lobe
xref: SCTID:361989001 ! Entire left lower lobe of lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung ! Lower Lobe of the Left Lung
xref: galen:LowerLobeOfLeftLung ! lower lobe of left lung
def: "A lower lobe of lung that is part of a left lung." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1261077

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008954
name: lingula of left lung
def: "Anterioinferior portion of left upper lung lobe" [ISBN-10:0123813611, Wikipedia:Lingula_of_left_lung]
comment: the lingula of the left lung in humans is not normally considered a true lobe. AO notes: in Galen, it is a middle lobe
synonym: "left pulmonary lingula" EXACT  [FMA:7433]
synonym: "lingula of lung" EXACT  [FMA:7433]
synonym: "lingula of the lung" EXACT  []
synonym: "middle lobe of left lung" RELATED [galen:MiddleLobeOfLeftLung]
is_a: UBERON:0000063 {source="FMA"} ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008952 {source="ISBN-10:0123813611"} ! upper lobe of left lung
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:10088 {source="ISBN-10:0123813611"} ! Mus
xref: FMA:7433 ! lingula of left lung
xref: galen:MiddleLobeOfLeftLung ! middle lobe of left lung
xref: SCTID:184916009 ! Entire lingula of left lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Lingula ! Lingula of the Lung
xref: UMLS:C0225740

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002172
name: alveolar atrium
synonym: "atrium alveolare" EXACT []
synonym: "atrium of alveolus" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolus of lung atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of alveolus of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of lung alveolus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lung alveolus atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7340 ! Alveolar atrium
xref: MA:0000419 ! alveolar atrium
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung
xref: SCTID:201806004 ! Entire atrium of alveolus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003536
name: right lung alveolar duct
def: "An alveolar duct that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "alveolar duct of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001785 ! right lung alveolar duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Alveolar_Duct ! Right Lung Alveolar Duct
xref: EMAPA:19191 ! alveolar duct of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of accessory lobe (also: UBERON:0002173 'alveolar duct')
xref: EMAPA:19189 ! alveolar duct of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of caudal lobe (also: UBERON:0002173 'alveolar duct')
xref: EMAPA:19187 ! alveolar duct of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of cranial lobe (also: UBERON:0002173 'alveolar duct')
xref: EMAPA:19185 ! alveolar duct of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of middle lobe (also: UBERON:0002173 'alveolar duct')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002173 ! alveolar duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006526 ! right lung alveolar system
xref: UMLS:C1709958

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003537
name: left lung alveolar duct
def: "An alveolar duct that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Mice have 1 left lobe
synonym: "alveolar duct of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001776 ! left lung alveolar duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Alveolar_Duct ! Left Lung Alveolar Duct
xref: EMAPA:19183 ! alveolar duct of alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of left lung (also: UBERON:0002173 'alveolar duct')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002173 ! alveolar duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006525 ! left lung alveolar system
xref: UMLS:C1708672

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004903
name: bronchoalveolar duct junction
def: "A branch point connecting the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar ducts[MP]." [MP:0004390]
is_a: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
relationship: connects UBERON:0002188 ! respiratory bronchiole
relationship: connects UBERON:0002173 ! alveolar duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002175
name: intermediolateral nucleus
def: "The intermediolateral nucleus is a region of gray matter found in Rexed lamina VII of the spinal column. Rexed Lamina VII contains several well defined nuclei including the nucleus dorsalis, the intermediolateral cell column (lateral gray horn), and the sacral autonomic nucleus. It extends from the first thoracic through the third lumbar segment, and contains the autonomic motor neurons that give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intermediolateral_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intermediolateral nucleus of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord intermediolateral nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:73915 ! Intermediolateral nucleus
xref: MA:0002753 ! spinal cord intermediolateral nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
synonym: "nucleus intermediolateralis medullae spinalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:73915]
synonym: "nucleus intermediolateralis medullae spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intermediolateral_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002176
name: lateral cervical nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:73921 ! Lateral cervical nucleus
xref: MA:0002755 ! lateral cervical nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002256 ! dorsal horn of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002177
name: right main bronchus
def: "The main bronchus on the right side." [Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Divides into 3 lobar bronchi in humans[ISBN10:0123813611]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "right bronchus" EXACT []
synonym: "right principal bronchus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus]
synonym: "right primary bronchus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus]
xref: FMA:7395 ! Right main bronchus
xref: MA:0001849 ! right main bronchus
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Main_Bronchus ! Right Main Bronchus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvoIuvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right main bronchus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg
intersection_of: UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0006518 ! right lung lobe
xref: SCTID:361955002 ! Entire right main bronchus
synonym: "bronchus principalis dexter" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg
xref: UMLS:C0225608

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002178
name: left main bronchus
def: "The main bronchus on the left side." [Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus]
comment: Divides into 2 lobar bronchi in humans[ISBN10:0123813611]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "left bronchus" EXACT []
synonym: "left primary bronchus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus]
synonym: "left principal bronchus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus]
xref: FMA:7396 ! Left main bronchus
xref: MA:0001843 ! left main bronchus
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Main_Bronchus ! Left Main Bronchus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg/200px-Illu_conducting_passages.jpg
intersection_of: UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0008951 ! left lung lobe
xref: SCTID:361959008 ! Entire left main bronchus
synonym: "bronchus principalis sinister" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg
xref: UMLS:C0225630

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004885
name: hilum
alt_id: UBERON:0004460
def: "An anatomical cavity, depression or pit where structures are attached." [Wikipedia:Hilum_of_kidney_of_lung_of_lymph_node]
comment: AO notes: Galen and NCITA refer to the generic structure
synonym: "hilus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Hilum]
xref: FMA:57836 ! Hilum
is_a: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
xref: ncithesaurus:Hilum ! Hilum
xref: galen:Hilum
xref: UMLS:C0929176

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008716
name: hilum of kidney
synonym: "renal hilum" EXACT  [FMA:15610]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004885 ! hilum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: FMA:15610 ! hilum of kidney
xref: galen:HilumOfKidney ! hilum of kidney
xref: SCTID:279370006 ! Entire hilum of kidney
xref: ncithesaurus:Hilar_Area_of_the_Kidney ! hilar area of the kidney
def: "A hilum that is part of a kidney." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0227608

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008332
name: hilum of neuraxis
synonym: "neuraxis hilum" EXACT  [FMA:83871]
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
xref: FMA:83871 ! hilum of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008333
name: hilum of inferior olivary complex
def: "The white core of the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata, most prominent medially." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
synonym: "hilum nuclei olivaris caudalis" RELATED  [BTO:0002300]
synonym: "hilum of caudal olivary nucleus" RELATED  [BTO:0002300]
synonym: "hilum of inferior olivary nucleus" RELATED  [BTO:0002300]
synonym: "hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "hilum of inferior olivary nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:72612]
synonym: "inferior olivary hilum" EXACT  [FMA:72612]
synonym: "inferior olive hilum" EXACT  [FMA:72612]
is_a: UBERON:0008332 {source="FMA"} ! hilum of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="FMA"} ! medulla oblongata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007244 {source="BTO"} ! inferior olivary nucleus
xref: BTO:0002300 ! hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris
xref: FMA:72612 ! hilum of inferior olivary complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004886
name: lung hilus
def: "A depression on the surface of the lung where the bronchus, blood vessels and nerves enter." [GOC:lung_mtg, ISBN:0721662544 "Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary"]
synonym: "pulmonary hilum" EXACT [FMA:7330]
synonym: "hilum of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "hilus of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lung hilum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pulmonary hilus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7330 ! pulmonary hilum
intersection_of: UBERON:0004885 ! hilum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
synonym: "hilum pulmonis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7330]
xref: SCTID:264017007 ! Entire hilum of lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Hilar_Area_of_the_Lung ! hilar area of the lung
xref: UMLS:C0225701

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004887
name: left lung hilus
def: "A lung hilus that is part of the left lung." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left pulmonary hilum" EXACT [FMA:9751]
synonym: "hilum of left lung" EXACT []
synonym: "hilus of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lung hilum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left pulmonary hilus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:9751 ! left pulmonary hilum
xref: EMAPA:17980 ! hilus of left lung
xref: EHDAA:4965 ! hilus
xref: MA:0001781 ! left lung hilus
xref: VHOG:0000483 ! left lung hilus
xref: EHDAA2:0000962 ! left lung hilus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004886 ! lung hilus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
xref: SCTID:361983000 ! Entire hilum of left lung
property_value: external_definition "The part of the left lung that is not covered by pleura and through which blood vessels, bronchi, nerves and lymphatics enter and leave the lung. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000483", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lung+hilus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004888
name: right lung hilus
def: "A lung hilus that is part of the right lung." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right pulmonary hilum" EXACT [FMA:7330]
synonym: "hilum of right lung" EXACT []
synonym: "hilus of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lung hilum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right pulmonary hilus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4995 ! hilus 
xref: EMAPA:17996 ! hilus of right lung
xref: MA:0001790 ! right lung hilus
xref: FMA:7456 ! right pulmonary hilum
xref: VHOG:0000482 ! right lung hilus
xref: EHDAA2:0001756 ! right lung hilus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004886 ! lung hilus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: SCTID:361968005 ! Entire hilum of right lung
property_value: external_definition "The part of the right lung that is not covered by pleura and through which blood vessels, bronchi, nerves and lymphatics enter and leave the lung. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000482", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lung+hilus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002181
name: substantia gelatinosa
def: "Gelatinous-appearing material in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, consisting chiefly of Golgi type II neurons and some larger nerve cells." [Wikipedia:Central_gelatinous_substance_of_spinal_cord_of_Rolando, MESH:A08.186.854.610.800]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central gelatinous substance of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "gelatinous substance of posterior horn of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "gelatinous substance of dorsal horn of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "gelatinous substance of Rolando" EXACT [FMA:74019]
xref: FMA:74019 ! Substantia gelatinosa
xref: GAID:701 ! substantia gelatinosa
xref: MA:0001124 ! substantia gelatinosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Substantia_Gelatinosa ! Substantia Gelatinosa
xref: MESH:A08.186.854.610.800 ! substantia gelatinosa
xref: EV:0100318 ! substantia gelatinosa
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002256 ! dorsal horn of spinal cord
synonym: "substantia gelatinosa cornu posterioris medullae spinalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74019]
xref: UMLS:C0038588

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002182
name: main bronchus
def: "One of two branches of the trachea." [Wikipedia:Main_bronchus]
comment: In humans, histologically identical to trachea. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bronchus principalis" EXACT  [FMA:7405]
synonym: "primary bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7405]
synonym: "principal bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7405]
synonym: "mainstem bronchus" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal bronchus" RELATED []
synonym: "extrapulmonary bronchus" EXACT [ISBN10:0123813611]
xref: EHDAA:3072 ! main bronchus
xref: FMA:7405 ! Main bronchus
xref: VHOG:0000370 ! main bronchus
xref: MA:0000438 ! main bronchus
xref: ncithesaurus:Main_Bronchus
xref: EFO:0000932 ! bronchus (also: UBERON:0002185 'bronchus')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvoIuvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! main bronchus
xref: EHDAA2:0001044 ! main bronchus
xref: EMAPA:16849 ! main bronchus
is_a: UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008947 {source="EHDAA2"} ! respiratory primordium
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
xref: SCTID:245508000 ! Entire main bronchus
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0024496

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012083
name: lumen of primary bronchus
synonym: "main bronchial lumen" EXACT  [FMA:13116]
synonym: "principal bronchial lumen" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus
xref: FMA:13116 ! lumen of main bronchus
synonym: "lumen of main bronchus" EXACT [FMA:13116]
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a main bronchus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002183
name: lobar bronchus
def: "The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi[GO]." [Wikipedia:Secondary_bronchus, GO:0060482]
comment: Structure notes: They have relatively large lumens that are lined by respiratory epithelium. There is a smooth muscle layer below the epithelium arranged as two ribbons of muscle that spiral in opposite directions. This smooth muscle layer contains seromucous glands. Irregularly arranged plates of hyaline cartilage surround the smooth muscle. These plates give structural support to the bronchus and maintain the patency of the lumen.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bronchi lobaris" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Secondary_bronchus]
synonym: "secondary bronchus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Secondary_bronchus, FMA:7406]
synonym: "secondary bronchi" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Secondary_bronchus]
synonym: "lobar bronchi" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Secondary_bronchus]
xref: EHDAA:4955 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:4963 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:4977 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:4985 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:4993 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:8175 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:8187 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:8203 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:8213 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EHDAA:8225 ! lobar bronchus
xref: FMA:7406 ! Lobar bronchus
xref: MA:0000437 ! lobar bronchus
xref: EMAPA:17998 ! lobar bronchus of middle lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Lobar_Bronchus ! Lobar Bronchus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQMLXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lobar bronchus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000101 {source="FMA"} ! lobe of lung
xref: SCTID:245509008 ! Entire lobar bronchus
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0225653

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012084
name: lumen of secondary bronchus
synonym: "lobar bronchial lumen" EXACT  [FMA:62520]
synonym: "secondary bronchial lumen" EXACT  []
synonym: "lumen of lobar bronchus" EXACT [FMA:62520]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
xref: FMA:62520 ! lumen of lobar bronchus
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a lobar bronchus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002184
name: segmental bronchus
def: "The tertiary bronchi (also known as the segmental bronchi) arise from the secondary bronchi. The respiratory epithelium lining their lumen is surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle. This layer is composed of two ribbons of smooth muscle that spiral in opposite directions. The smooth muscle layer is surrounded by irregular plates of hyaline cartilage which help maintain the patency of the airway. Each of the tertiary bronchi serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment. There are 10 tertiary bronchi in the right lung, and eight in the left. The tertiary bronchi get smaller and divide into primary bronchioles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Segmental_bronchus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tertiary bronchus" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:7043 ! segmental bronchus
xref: EHDAA:7049 ! segmental bronchus
xref: EHDAA:7058 ! segmental bronchus
xref: EHDAA:7064 ! segmental bronchus
xref: EHDAA:7070 ! segmental bronchus
xref: FMA:7407 ! Segmental bronchus
xref: VHOG:0001446 ! segmental bronchus
xref: MA:0000439 ! segmental bronchus
xref: ncithesaurus:Segmental_Bronchus ! Segmental Bronchus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQGFgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! segmental bronchus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000101 {source="FMA"} ! lobe of lung
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
xref: SCTID:245513001 ! Entire segmental bronchus
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0444439

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012085
name: lumen of tertiary bronchus
synonym: "segmental bronchial lumen" EXACT  [FMA:62593]
synonym: "lumen of segmental bronchus" EXACT [FMA:62593]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus
xref: FMA:62593 ! lumen of segmental bronchus
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a segmental bronchus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002185
name: bronchus
def: "A portion of the airway that connects to the lungs[GO]." [Wikipedia:Bronchus]
comment: In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bronchial trunk" EXACT  [FMA:7409]
synonym: "bronchi" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "bronchial tissue" RELATED [BTO:0001340]
xref: BTO:0001340
xref: FMA:7409 ! Bronchus
xref: VHOG:0000262 ! bronchus
xref: MA:0000436 ! bronchus
xref: MAT:0000133 ! bronchus
xref: MIAA:0000133 ! bronchus
xref: XAO:0000121 ! bronchus
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus ! Bronchus
xref: EFO:0000932 ! bronchus (also: UBERON:0002182 'main bronchus')
xref: GAID:346 ! bronchi
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Respiratory_system_complete_numbered.svg/200px-Respiratory_system_complete_numbered.svg.png
xref: MESH:A04.411.125 ! bronchi
xref: EV:0100041 ! bronchus
is_a: UBERON:0001005 ! respiratory airway
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007196 ! tracheobronchial tree
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
xref: SCTID:181215002 ! Entire bronchus
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Respiratory_system_complete_numbered.svg
property_value: external_definition "Each of the two primary divisions of the trachea leading respectively into the right and the left lung. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000262", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "bronchial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0006255

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012082
name: bronchial lumen
synonym: "bronchial lumen" EXACT  [FMA:62646]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0002185 {source="FMA"} ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002185 {source="FMA"} ! bronchus
xref: FMA:62646 ! lumen of bronchus
synonym: "lumen of bronchus" EXACT [FMA:62646]
xref: SCTID:199401001 ! Entire bronchial lumen
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a bronchus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002186
name: bronchiole
def: "the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchus[GO]." [Wikipedia:Bronchiole]
comment: Structure notes: lacks submucosa and cartilage plates; they have 3 layers: mucosa, muscular layer and outer layer[ISBN10:0123813611]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lobular bronchiole" EXACT  [FMA:7410]
synonym: "bronchiolus" RELATED [BTO:0002375]
synonym: "bronchioli" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: EHDAA:8171 ! bronchiole
xref: EHDAA:8183 ! bronchiole
xref: EHDAA:8199 ! bronchiole
xref: EHDAA:8221 ! bronchiole
xref: FMA:7410 ! Bronchiole
xref: VHOG:0000675 ! bronchiole
xref: MA:0000422 ! bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchiole ! Bronchiole
xref: BTO:0002375 ! bronchiole
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvl9iDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! bronchiole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! epithelial tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007196 {source="FMA"} ! tracheobronchial tree
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 {source="MA"} ! lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010368 {source="ncit"} ! pulmonary lobule
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
xref: SCTID:278982001 ! Entire lobular bronchiole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "bronchiolar" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0006270

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012067
name: primary bronchiole
def: "A bronchiole that arises from a segmental bronchus and does not contain cartilage." [Wikipedia:Bronchiole#Primary_bronchioles, ISBN10:0123813611]
is_a: UBERON:0002186 {source="FMA"} ! bronchiole
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus
xref: FMA:62510 ! proximal bronchiole
synonym: "proximal bronchiole" EXACT [FMA:62510]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002187
name: terminal bronchiole
def: "A terminal bronchiole is a bronchiole at the end of the conducting zone. At the transition into the respiratory zone, alveoli become present. The terminal bronchiole is the most distal segment of the conducting zone. Each of the terminal bronchioles divides to form respiratory bronchioles which contain a small number of alveoli. Terminal bronchioles are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium containing Clara cells. Terminal bronchioles contain a limited number of ciliated cells and no goblet cells. Clara cells are non-ciliated, rounded protein secreting cells. Their secretions are a nonsticky, proteinaceous compound to maintain the airway in the smallest bronchioles. The secretion, called surfactant, reduces surface tension allowing for bronchioles to expand during inspiration and keeping the bronchioles from collapsing during expiration. Clara cells, a stem cell of the respiratory system, produce enzymes that detoxify substances dissolved in the respiratory fluid. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Terminal_bronchiole]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT LATIN []
xref: FMA:7411 ! Terminal bronchiole
xref: MA:0000424 ! terminal bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Terminal_Bronchiole ! Terminal Bronchiole
xref: BTO:0003223 ! terminal bronchiole
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwS7IU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! terminal bronchiole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png
is_a: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
xref: SCTID:278981008 ! Entire terminal bronchiole
synonym: "bronchioli terminalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Terminal_bronchiole]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png
xref: UMLS:C0225666

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002188
name: respiratory bronchiole
def: "A bronchiole that is the first segment of the respiratory zone." [Wikipedia:Respiratory_bronchiole, ISBN10:0123813611]
comment: Taxon notes: mice have few or none of these structures, with the terminal bronchioles transitioning directly to the alveolary ducts[ISBN10:0123813611]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT LATIN [FMA:7412]
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorii" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Respiratory_bronchiole]
xref: FMA:7412 ! Respiratory bronchiole
xref: MA:0000423 ! respiratory bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Bronchiole ! Respiratory Bronchiole
xref: BTO:0003222 ! respiratory bronchiole
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwS6ki5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! respiratory bronchiole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png
is_a: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008874 {source="ISBN10:0123813611"} ! pulmonary acinus
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002187 ! terminal bronchiole
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0002173 ! alveolar duct
xref: SCTID:128517006 ! Entire respiratory bronchiole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png
xref: UMLS:C1261270

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002173
name: alveolar duct
def: "Alveolar ducts are the tiny end ducts of the branching airways that fill the lungs. Each lung holds approximately 1.5 to 2 million of them. The tubules divide into two or three alveolar sacs at the distal end. They are formed from the confluence openings of several alveoli. Distal terminations of alveolar ducts are atria which then end in alveolar sacs. In human anatomy, respiratory bronchioles exists proximal to the alveolar ducts. The epithelial lining consists of smooth muscle knobs covered by nonciliated, simple cuboidal cells. The smooth muscle constricts under parasympathetic innervation and relax under sympathetic innervation. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_duct]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:7341 ! Alveolar duct
xref: MA:0000417 ! alveolar duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXmfV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Duct ! Alveolar Duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXmfV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! alveolar duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006524 ! alveolar system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Gray975.png
xref: UMLS:C0391892

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002189
name: outer cortex of kidney
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "outer renal cortex" EXACT []
xref: FMA:74285 ! Outer cortex of kidney
xref: MA:0001649 ! outer renal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
synonym: "kidney outer cortex" EXACT [MA:0001649]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002190
name: subcutaneous adipose tissue
synonym: "fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue" EXACT  [FMA:74315]
xref: FMA:74315 ! Subcutaneous adipose tissue
xref: MA:0000473 ! subcutaneous adipose tissue
xref: BTO:0004042 ! subcutaneous adipose tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002072 ! hypodermis
synonym: "panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74315]
synonym: "panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74315]
def: "An adipose tissue that is part of a hypodermis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007808
name: abdominal adipose tissue
def: "Adipose tissue located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or belly fat, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively." [BTO:0004041]
synonym: "abdominal fat" RELATED  [BTO:0004041]
synonym: "intra-abdominal fat" RELATED  [BTO:0004041]
synonym: "organ fat" RELATED  [BTO:0004041]
synonym: "visceral adipose tissue" RELATED  [BTO:0004041]
synonym: "visceral fat" RELATED  [BTO:0004041]
xref: BTO:0004041 ! abdominal adipose tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001179 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: EFO:0003771 ! abdominal fat

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002191
name: subiculum
def: "The subiculum is the most inferior component of the hippocampal formation. It lies between the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus proper. It receives input from CA1 and entorhinal cortical layer III pyramidal neurons and is the main output of the hippocampus. The pyramidal neurons send projections to the nucleus accumbens, septal nuclei, prefrontal cortex, lateral hypothalamus, nucleus reuniens, mammillary nuclei, entorhinal cortex and amygdala. The pyramidal neurons in the subiculum exhibit transitions between two modes of action potential output: bursting and single spiking. The transitions between these two modes is thought to be important for routing information out of the hippocampus. It is the site responsible for ictal activity in some cases of human epilepsy. It has also been implicated in working memory and drug addiction. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subiculum]
comment: ABA:SUB is part of the retrohippocampal region, along with the entorhinal area. this is in the hippocampal formation but not the hippocampal region
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "subiculum hippocampi" EXACT  [FMA:74414]
synonym: "subicular cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1305]
synonym: "gyrus parahippocampalis" RELATED [BTO:0003087]
synonym: "subiculum cornu ammonis" RELATED [BTO:0003087]
xref: FMA:74414 ! Subiculum
xref: MA:0000960 ! subiculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1305 ! Subiculum
xref: ncithesaurus:Subiculum ! Subiculum
xref: BTO:0003087 ! subiculum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg/200px-Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg
xref: ABA:SUB ! Subiculum
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-SB ! subiculum
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002421 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! hippocampal formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002728 {source="ABA"} ! entorhinal area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004683 {source="ABA"} ! parasubiculum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001953 {source="ABA"} ! presubiculum
xref: SCTID:369097009 ! Entire subiculum hippocampi
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "subicular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0152316

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005412 ! optic fissure
name: optic fissure
def: "Groove that is in the developing ventral optic cup and through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme[ZFA]. a ventral fissure in the developing optic cup through which blood vessels pass to the enclosed mesenchyme[Free online medical dictionary]." [ZFA:0001284, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3083162&group_id=36855, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+fissure, Wikipedia:Choroid_fissure]
comment: As the eye starts to develop, a gap opens on the underside of each eye bud. This gap provides a way for the developing eye to be nourished. This gap, called the optic fissure, has to close before the eye is fully developed. Coloboma is the incomplete closer of the optic fissure
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "choroid fissure" RELATED [ZFA:0001284, XAO:0000474, MA:0001305]
synonym: "optic fissures" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001284]
synonym: "optic stalk fissure" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001319]
xref: TAO:0001284 ! optic fissure
xref: ZFA:0001284 ! optic fissure
xref: MA:0001305 ! choroid fissure
xref: XAO:0000474 ! choroid fissure
xref: AAO:0011026 ! choroid fissure
xref: ZFA:0001284 ! optic fissure
xref: EHDAA:4759 ! choroid fissure
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000249 ! choroid fissure
xref: VHOG:0000655 ! choroid fissure
xref: EMAPA:17166 ! fissure
xref: SCTID:361508004 ! Choroidal fissure
xref: EHDAA2:0001319 ! optic stalk fissure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Gray865.png
is_a: UBERON:0006846 {source="ZFA"} ! groove
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003072 {source="ZFA"} ! optic cup
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003098 {source="EHDAA2"} ! optic stalk
property_value: external_definition "A break in the continuity of the optic cup where the two sides of the cup meet.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011026", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0815318960"}
synonym: "choroid fissure - optic fissure" EXACT [VHOG:0000655]
property_value: homology_notes "The folded arrangement of the vertebrate retina and RPE [retinal pigment epithelial] provides an evolutionary explanation for the occurrence of the choroid fissure, as proposed more than a century ago. Early in evolution, before the optic cup invaginated, the axons from retinal ganglion cells would simply have run over the surface of the structure. Hence, one can view the optic nerve as having acted rather like a rope in linking the retina to higher centres: the developing eye cup has simply wrapped around this 'rope', and the developing axons have thereby not needed to penetrate the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000655", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD\, Collin SP and Pugh EN\, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins\, photoreceptors\, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003098
name: optic stalk
def: "The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Optic_stalk]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: EHDAA:3816 ! optic stalk
xref: VHOG:0000223 ! optic stalk
xref: TAO:0000137 ! optic stalk
xref: XAO:0000475 ! optic stalk
xref: ZFA:0000137 ! optic stalk
xref: ncithesaurus:Optic_Stalk ! Optic Stalk
xref: EHDAA2:0001318 ! optic stalk
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray864.png/200px-Gray864.png
xref: EMAPA:16678 ! optic stalk
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003072 ! optic cup
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: AAO:0011077 ! optic stalk
xref: SCTID:308788004 ! Entire optic stalk
synonym: "pedunculus opticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Optic_stalk]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray864.png
property_value: external_definition "The evagination from the neural tube of the developing embryo which develops the optic cup at its extremity; the stalk persists as the optic nerve. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000223", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+stalk", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000223", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231107

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002194
name: capsule of lymph node
def: "Capsule surrounding lymph node composed of connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers. from its internal surface are given off a number of membranous processes or trabeculae, consisting, in man, of connective tissue, with a small admixture of plain muscle fibers; but in many of the lower animals composed almost entirely of involuntary muscle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lymph_node_capsule]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lymph node capsule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:74604 ! Capsule of lymph node
xref: MA:0000739 ! lymph node capsule
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Capsule ! Lymph Node Capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Lymphknoten_%28Schwein%29.jpg/200px-Lymphknoten_%28Schwein%29.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
xref: SCTID:327532004 ! Entire capsule of lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0229699

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
name: capsule
def: "a cover or envelope partly or wholly surrounding a structure. Examples: egg shell, articular capsules, renal capsules[WP]." [Wikipedia:Capsule_(anatomy)]
comment: see also: protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi. Note that FMA has classes such as Articular capsule that are not subtypes of Capsule (which is undefined in FMA). GO has 'capsule' which is a fungal structure, and 'external encapsulating structure' which is restricted to cells
subset: grouping_class
xref: FMA:85272 ! Capsule 
xref: EHDAA:4739 ! capsule
xref: EHDAA:9061 ! capsule
xref: galen:Capsule ! capsule
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
property_value: has_relational_adjective "capsular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005170
name: ovary stratum granulosum
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "membrana granulosa of ovarian follicle" EXACT [FMA:18660]
synonym: "granulosa cell layer of ovarian follicle" EXACT [FMA:18660]
synonym: "stratum granulosum of ovarian follicle" EXACT [FMA:18660]
xref: MA:0001460 ! ovary stratum granulosum
xref: FMA:18660 ! membrana granulosa of ovarian follicle 
xref: ZFA:0001112 ! granulosa cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001305 ! ovarian follicle
relationship: has_part CL:0000501 {source="FMA"} ! granulosa cell
xref: SCTID:258971005 ! Entire stratum granulosum of ovarian follicle
xref: TAO:0001112 ! granulosa cell layer
synonym: "granulosa cell layer" RELATED [TAO:0001112]
xref: EFO:0003628 ! granulosa cell layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002195
name: trabecula of lymph node
def: "Membranous process coming from capsule of lymph node[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lymph_node_trabeculae]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lymph node trabecula" EXACT []
synonym: "lymph node trabeculum" EXACT []
xref: FMA:74605 ! Trabecula of lymph node
xref: MA:0000746 ! lymph node trabeculum
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Trabecula ! Lymph Node Trabecula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray598.png/200px-Gray598.png
is_a: UBERON:0000440 ! trabecula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
xref: UMLS:C1184179

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005356 ! Rathke's pouch
name: Rathke's pouch
def: "a pouch of ectoderm that grows out from the upper surface of the embryonic stomodeum and gives rise to the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland[MP]. In embryogenesis, Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system[WP]." [Wikipedia:Rathke's_pouch, MP:0003817]
comment: EHDAA2 distinguishes between the adenohypophyseal pouch and it's precursor Rathke's pouch epithelium. Taxon notes: median funnel­-shaped invagination of ectoderm, the nasohypophyseal pouch. It will contribute to the formation of the pituitary gland of the adult lamprey and is homologous to Rathke’s pouch and perhaps to Hatschek 's pit (amphioxus).[http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html]
synonym: "pouch of Rathke" EXACT []
synonym: "Rathke pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "pituitary diverticulum" RELATED [MP:0003817]
synonym: "Rathke's pocket" RELATED [MP:0003817]
synonym: "Rathke's cleft" RELATED []
synonym: "Rathke's cyst" RELATED []
synonym: "craniobuccal pouch" RELATED []
synonym: "craniopharyngeal pouch" RELATED []
synonym: "hypophyseal pouch" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "nasohypophyseal pouch" RELATED SENSU [http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html]
synonym: "hypophyseal diverticulum" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "adenohypophysial pouch" NARROW [EHDAA2:0001588]
synonym: "Rathkes pouch epithelium" NARROW [EHDAA2:0001473]
xref: XAO:0000430 ! Rathke's pouch
xref: VHOG:0000674 ! Rathke's pouch
xref: EHDAA2:0001588 ! adenohypophysial pouch
xref: EMAPA:16574 ! Rathke's pouch of pituitary of gland of stomatodaeum
xref: EMAPA:16725 ! Rathke's pouch of pituitary of gland of oral region
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000930 {source="MP"} ! stomodeum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009122 {source="NBK53175"} ! adenohypophyseal placode
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 ! Danio rerio
xref: ncithesaurus:Rathke_s_Pouch ! Rathke Pouch
xref: ncithesaurus:Rathke_Pouch_Epithelium ! rathke pouch epithelium
xref: AAO:0011094 ! Rathke's pouch
xref: SCTID:61127000 ! Fetal Rathke's pouch
xref: SCTID:362583008 ! hypophyseal diverticulum
property_value: external_definition "A depression that forms in the roof of the mouth of an embryo, anterior to the buccopharyngeal membrane. The walls of the diverticulum develop into the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000674", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rathke's+pouch", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000674", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1709841
xref: UMLS:C0229548

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012287
name: Rathkes pouch epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0007499 ! epithelial sac
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005356 ! Rathke's pouch
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009479 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011642 {source="EHDAA2"} ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001473 ! Rathkes pouch epithelium
xref: EMAPA:25036 ! wall 

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009974 ! lumen of Rathke's pouch
name: lumen of Rathke's pouch
synonym: "Rathkes pouch invagination" NARROW [EHDAA2:0004138]
is_a: UBERON:0005082 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tube lumen
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0005356 ! Rathke's pouch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005356 ! Rathke's pouch
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0012287 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! Rathkes pouch epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004138 ! Rathkes pouch invagination
xref: EMAPA:25037 ! lumen of Rathke's pouch
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a Rathke's pouch." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009975
name: remnant of lumen of Rathke's pouch
comment: Editors note: requires review
synonym: "adenohypophysis invagination" RELATED [EHDAA2:0004139]
is_a: UBERON:0005082 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tube lumen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002196 ! adenohypophysis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009974 ! lumen of Rathke's pouch
xref: EHDAA2:0004139 ! adenohypophysis invagination

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006377 ! remnant of Rathke's pouch
name: remnant of Rathke's pouch
synonym: "hypophyseal cleft" RELATED [MA:0000857]
xref: MA:0000857 ! remnant of Rathke's pouch
xref: EMAPA:17518 ! remnant of Rathke's pouch
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002196 ! adenohypophysis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005356 ! Rathke's pouch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009122
name: adenohypophyseal placode
def: "The adenohypophyseal placode forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary" [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175/]
synonym: "pituitary placode" RELATED  [ZFA:0001198]
comment: Editor notes: consider adding more detailed spatial placement - e.g. oral ectoderm and/or rostal ectoderm. Addtional notes: Fate-mapping studies in amphibian, chick and mouse embryos (Eagleson et al., 1986; 1995; Couly and Le Douarin, 1985; Cobos et al., 2001; Osumi-Yamachita et al., 1994; Kawamura et al., 2002) have shown that the cells contributing to the adenohypophysis develop at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, which delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate, a region devoid of neural crest. The anterior neural ridge also gives rise to the olfactory placodes and some forebrain tissues including the olfactory bulbs (reviewed in Papalopulu, 1995). Ablation of this region in chick embryos at the 2-4 somite stage confirmed these lineage analyses as it prevented formation of Rathke’s pouch and any further pituitary development (elAmraoui and Dubois, 1993). Upon head folding, the oral ectoderm cells of the adenohypophyseal placode invaginate towards the prospective ventral diencephalon to form Rathke’s pouch, the anlage of the adenohypophysis. Rathke’s pouch starts as an invagination of the oral ectoderm in response to inductive signals from the prospective diencephalon. The region of the diencephalon above the pouch is known as the infundibulum and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary or neurohypohysis (Figure 3). While in most basal fish and tetrapods the adenohypophyseal anlagen invaginates to form Rathke’s pouch, in teleost fish the adenohypophyseal placode does not invaginate but rather maintains its initial organization forming a solid structure in the head (reviewed in Pogoda and Hammerschmidt; 2009)
xref: TAO:0001198 ! adenohypophyseal placode
is_a: UBERON:0011814 {source="NBK53175"} ! non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
is_a: UBERON:0002546 ! cranial placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005497 {source="ZFA"} ! non-neural ectoderm
xref: ZFA:0001198 ! adenohypophyseal placode
xref: XAO:0004208 ! adenohypophyseal placode
xref: EFO:0000229 ! adenohypophyseal placode

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002196
name: adenohypophysis
def: "The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction[WP]. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). This lobe contains cells that produce prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and proopiomelanocortin. In contrast to mammalian vertebrates, the adenohypophysis remains in a subepithelial position and there exists no equivalent of Rathke's pouch in zebrafish[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Adenohypophysis, ZFIN:curator]
comment: note that BTO may contain an error here. Also note we may need to introduce taxon-specific developmental relationships: "While in most basal fish and tetrapods the adenohypophyseal anlagen invaginates to form Rathke’s pouch, in teleost fish the adenohypophyseal placode does not invaginate but rather maintains its initial organization forming a solid structure in the head"[NBK53175]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior lobe (hypophysis)" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior lobe of hypophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior lobe of pituitary" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior pituitary" EXACT []
synonym: "pituitary gland, anterior lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior hypophysis" EXACT [ZFA:0001282]
synonym: "anterior pituitary gland" RELATED [BTO:0000040]
xref: BTO:0000496 ! anterior lobe
xref: BTO:0000040 ! adenohypophysis
xref: EFO:0000230 ! adenohypophysis
xref: FMA:74627 ! Adenohypophysis
xref: VHOG:0000141 ! adenohypophysis
xref: MA:0000177 ! adenohypophysis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1581 ! Adenohypophysis
xref: TAO:0001282 ! adenohypophysis
xref: ZFA:0001282 ! adenohypophysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray1181.png/200px-Gray1181.png
xref: EMAPA:17514 ! adenohypophysis
xref: MESH:A06.407.747.608 ! anterior pituitary gland
xref: BM:AHy ! adenohypophysis
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000007 ! pituitary gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005356 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523", source="NBK53175", exception="teleost"} ! Rathke's pouch
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009122 {source="ZFA", source="NBK53175"} ! adenohypophyseal placode
relationship: has_part CL:0002312 ! somatotroph
relationship: has_part CL:0000295 {source="ZFA"} ! somatotropin secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000439 {source="ZFA"} ! prolactin secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000467 {source="ZFA"} ! adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="PMID:19084529"} ! Vertebrata
synonym: "lobus anterior hypophysis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74627]
synonym: "lobus anterior (glandula pituitaria)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74627]
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Lobe_of_the_Pituitary_Gland ! Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
xref: AAO:0010540 ! adenohypophysis
xref: SCTID:245532007 ! Entire adenohypophysis
xref: EHDAA2:0000109 ! adenohypophysis
property_value: external_definition "Region of the pituitary gland derived from the buccal protrusion consisting of three regions.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010540", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). This lobe contains cells that produce prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and proopiomelanocortin.  In contrast to mamalian vertebrates, the adenohypophysis remains in a subepithelial position and there exists no equivalent of Rathke's pouch in zebrafish. Herzog et al, 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001282", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000141", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0032008

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009861 ! ascidian neural complex
name: ascidian neural complex
def: "." [PMID:21558186]
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009862
name: ascidian cerebral ganglion
def: "." [PMID:21558186]
comment: the CG appears to be a diencephalic brain. It originates mainly from the posterior sensory vesicle (Takamura 2002; Dufour et al. 2006) and shows endocrine activity. For examples, ascidian genes orthologous to GnRH and OT/VP, which are secreted from the hypothalamus and the NH, respectively, in vertebrates, are expressed in the cortex of the CG, suggesting that the NC is not distinctly compartmentalized as are vertebrate brains (Tsutsui et al. 1998; Kavanaugh et al. 2005; Kawada et al. 2008; Ukena et al. 2008; Kawada et al. 2009). Moreover, PC2 expression in the cortex of the CG supports possible endocrine activity (Sekiguchi et al. 2007).
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009861 ! ascidian neural complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009863
name: ascidian ciliated funnel
def: "." [PMID:21558186]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009861 ! ascidian neural complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009864
name: ascidian neural gland
def: "." [PMID:21558186]
comment: assumed to be a pituitary homolog. Current data from the Ciona genome suggests that the ascidian NC, including the CF, is unlikely to be a pituitary-like endocrine gland, while it is necessary to examine other ascidians before drawing a final conclusion [PMID:21558186]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009861 ! ascidian neural complex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009718 ! neurohypophyseal duct
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0002196 {source="PMID:21558186"} ! adenohypophysis
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7713 ! Ascidiacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007686
name: obsolete Hatschek's pit/nephridium
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009956
name: corpuscle of de Quatrefage
def: "A specialised sensory organ located in the subepidermal connective tissue at the rostral end of late larval and adult amphioxus. They consist of between 1 and 4 nerve cells with axons, each with 2 cilia, surrounded by up to 7 sheath cells. The cilia extend into a protrusion of the basal lamina which surrounds each corpuscle. The axonal process contributes to the rostral nerve." [PMID:11523831]
synonym: "organ of de Quatrefage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7737 {source="PMID:11523831"} ! Branchiostoma

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009718 ! neurohypophyseal duct
name: neurohypophyseal duct
def: "Embryonic duct that is the rudiment of cerebral ganglion and and neural gland of adult in the ascidians." [DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21013]
comment: Homology: candidate homolog for both neural crest and for the combined olfactory and adenohypophyseal placodes (Burighel et al., 2003; Manni et al., 2004a). Development: During formation of the adult ascidian, the ectodermal neurohypophyseal duct fuses with an evagination of the pharynx to form the neural gland rudiment
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0009122 {source="Manni 1999"} ! adenohypophyseal placode
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0002196 {source="PMID:11523831"} ! adenohypophysis
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009957 ! ciliated pit
name: ciliated pit
synonym: "pre-oral pit" RELATED []
comment: Development: joins with Hatschek’s diverticulum to form Hatschek’s pit in the adult. Location: anterior to the mouth.
is_a: UBERON:0006846 ! groove
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7737 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Branchiostoma

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009865
name: Hatschek's pit
def: "a deep ciliated fossa on the dorsal midline of the buccal cavity (the region of the gut behind the mouth). Among other things, it secrets mucus which entraps food particles from the water[WP]." [Wikipedia:Hatschek's_pit]
is_a: UBERON:0006846 ! groove
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7737 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Branchiostoma
relationship: capable_of GO:0070254 ! mucus secretion
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0002196 {source="PMID:9636084"} ! adenohypophysis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009868 ! Hatschek's left diverticulum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009957 ! ciliated pit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009866
name: Hatschek's nephridium
def: "an unpaired kidney whose duct opens into the anterior pharynx. It can be seen as a deep ciliated fossa on the dorsal midline of the buccal cavity (mouth). Among other things, it secrets mucus which entraps food particles from the water[WP]." []
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7737 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Branchiostoma
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009867 ! Hatschek's diverticulum
name: Hatschek's diverticulum
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7737 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Branchiostoma
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008814 ! pharyngeal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009868 ! Hatschek's left diverticulum
name: Hatschek's left diverticulum
intersection_of: UBERON:0009867 ! Hatschek's diverticulum
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
def: "A Hatschek's diverticulum that is in the left side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009869
name: Hatschek's right diverticulum
intersection_of: UBERON:0009867 ! Hatschek's diverticulum
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
def: "A Hatschek's diverticulum that is in the right side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012473 ! oral cirrus
name: oral cirrus
def: "Small tentacle-like structure surrounding the mouth; they act as sensory devices and as a filter for the water passing into the body" [Wikipedia:Lancelet#Physical_features]
synonym: "oral cirri" EXACT PLURAL  []
synonym: "buccal cirri" EXACT PLURAL  []
synonym: "buccal cirrus" EXACT  []
synonym: "buccal tentacle" EXACT  []
synonym: "oral tentacle" EXACT  []
synonym: "buccal cillium" RELATED  []
synonym: "oral cillium" RELATED  []
synonym: "oral cilia" EXACT PLURAL  []
synonym: "buccal cilia" EXACT PLURAL  []
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7737 ! Branchiostoma
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: BTO:0001357 ! tentacle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013642
name: ring of oral cilia
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0012473 ! oral cirrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013643
name: lophophore
def: "A ring of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth" [Wikipedia:Lophophore]
comment: In the Entoprocta the anus is within the ring of the lophophore
is_a: UBERON:0013642 ! ring of oral cilia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012474
name: hepatic cecum
def: "A ventral evagination extending anteriorly in the mid-portion of the intestine in Amphioxi." [BTO:0002855]
comment: Homology notes: may be analagous to liver, Romer says not homologous
synonym: "hepatic caecum" EXACT  [BTO:0002855]
is_a: UBERON:0009854 ! digestive tract diverticulum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000160 {source="BTO"} ! intestine
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7737 ! Branchiostoma
xref: BTO:0002855 ! hepatic cecum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011359
name: urophysis
def: "This is a neurosecretory organ rostral to the ampulla caudalis on the ventral surface of the distal end of the spinal cord. Receives axons from caudal neurosecretory nucleus, which contains Dahlgren cells that secrete urotensin I and II, implicated in osmotic regulation, cardiovascular function and reproduction[Butler]." [ISBN10:0471888893]
comment: Shares characteristics with neurohypophysis
is_a: UBERON:0002368 {source="BTO"} ! endocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 {source="BTO"} ! spinal cord
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! Tetrapoda
xref: BTO:0001848 ! urophysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002648
name: anterior median eminence
xref: FMA:74870 ! Anterior median eminence
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1264 ! Anterior median eminence
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002197 ! median eminence of neurohypophysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002652
name: posterior median eminence
xref: FMA:74875 ! Posterior median eminence
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1280 ! Posterior median eminence
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002197 ! median eminence of neurohypophysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002197
name: median eminence of neurohypophysis
def: "The median eminence is part of the inferior boundary for the hypothalamus part of the human brain. A small swelling on the tuber cinereum posterior to the infundibulum - atop the pituitary stalk - the median eminence lies in the area roughly bounded on its posterolateral region by the cerebral peduncles, and on its anterolateral region by the optic chiasm. The median eminence is one of the seven areas of the brain devoid of a blood-brain barrier. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Median_eminence]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "median eminence" EXACT []
synonym: "median eminence of hypothalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "median eminence of posterior lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT []
synonym: "median eminence of tuber cinereum" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:7540 ! median eminence
xref: FMA:74634 ! Median eminence of neurohypophysis
xref: GAID:463 ! median eminence
xref: VHOG:0001179 ! median eminence
xref: MA:0000859 ! median eminence
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_925 ! Median eminence
xref: BTO:0001954 ! median eminence
xref: EHDAA2:0001080 ! median eminence
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: EMAPA:17521 ! median eminence
xref: MESH:A06.407.747.734.500 ! median eminence
xref: BM:ME ! median eminence
is_a: UBERON:0005408 ! circumventricular organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002198 ! neurohypophysis
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8287 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! Sarcopterygii
synonym: "eminentia mediana hypothalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74634]
xref: AAO:0010539 ! median eminence
xref: SCTID:369121004 ! Entire median eminence of neurohypophysis
synonym: "eminentia mediana hypothalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Median_eminence]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Region of the neurohypophysis.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010539", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001179", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002198
name: neurohypophysis
def: "comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system[WP]." [Wikipedia:Neurohypophysis]
comment: Editor note - request magnocellular cell from CL. Request oxytocin secretion from GO. Notes: "The hypophysis or pituitary gland is derived, in part from an ectodermal outpocketing of the stomodeum (Rathke's Pouch) and in part from the floor of the diencephalon" [http://syllabus.med.unc.edu/courseware/embryo_images/]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neurohypophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "pituitary gland, posterior lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior lobe of pituitary" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior pituitary" EXACT []
synonym: "infundibular process" EXACT [FMA:74628]
synonym: "neural lobe" EXACT [FMA:74628]
synonym: "neural lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT [FMA:74628]
synonym: "posterior lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT [FMA:74628]
synonym: "neural lobe of pituitary" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1586]
synonym: "posterior pituitary gland" RELATED [BTO:0000937]
xref: BTO:0000937
xref: EHDAA:7536 ! neurohypophysis
xref: VHOG:0000142 ! neurohypophysis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1586 ! Neurohypophysis
xref: TAO:0001271 ! neurohypophysis
xref: ZFA:0001271 ! neurohypophysis
xref: MA:0000178 ! neurohypophysis
xref: FMA:74628 ! Neurohypophysis
xref: EHDAA2:0001271 ! neurohypophysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG/200px-Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG
xref: EMAPA:17519 ! neurohypophysis
xref: MESH:A06.407.747.734 ! posterior pituitary gland
xref: BM:NY ! neurohypophysis
is_a: UBERON:0010134 {source="MA"} ! secretory circumventricular organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000007 {source="ZFA"} ! pituitary gland
relationship: capable_of GO:0008217 ! regulation of blood pressure
relationship: capable_of GO:0030103 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vasopressin secretion
relationship: capable_of GO:0001992 {source="Wikipedia"} ! regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002346 ! neural ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006250 {source="EHDAA2"} ! infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="PMID:19084529"} ! Vertebrata
synonym: "lobus nervosus neurohypophysis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74628]
synonym: "lobus posterior (glandula pituitaria)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74628]
synonym: "lobus posterior hypophysis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74628]
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Lobe_of_the_Pituitary_Gland ! Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
xref: AAO:0010537 ! neurohypophysis
xref: SCTID:245527006 ! Entire neurohypophysis
property_value: external_definition "The infundibular part of the pituitary gland consisting of two regions.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010537", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000142", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0032009

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003217
name: neural lobe of neurohypophysis
def: "The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Despite its name, the posterior pituitary gland is not a gland, per se; rather, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary gland. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Neurohypophysis#cite_note-1]
comment: TODO - compare with UBERON:0002198
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pars nervosa of hypophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "pars nervosa of neurohypophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "pars nervosa of posterior lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior lobe-3" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior lobe of neurohypophysis" EXACT [FMA:74636]
synonym: "pars nervosa pituitary gland" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_941]
synonym: "pars posterior" EXACT [MA:0000860]
synonym: "posterior lobe" BROAD [BTO:0000561]
xref: FMA:74636 ! Neural lobe of neurohypophysis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_941 ! Pars nervosa of hypophysis
xref: MA:0000860 ! pars posterior
xref: BTO:0000561 ! posterior lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG/200px-Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG
xref: EHDAA2:0001418 ! pars nervosa
xref: VHOG:0001180 ! pars nervosa
xref: EHDAA:7542 ! pars nervosa
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003043 ! posterior part of anterior commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002198 ! neurohypophysis
synonym: "pars nervosa (neurohypophysis)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74636]
synonym: "pars nervosa neurohypophysis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74636]
xref: SCTID:424523008 ! Entire neural lobe of neurohypophysis
synonym: "pars nervosa" RELATED [MA:0000860]
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001180", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003077 ! paraxial mesoderm
name: paraxial mesoderm
def: "The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]" [Wikipedia:Paraxial_mesoderm, GO:0048339]
comment: AO notes: note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "paraxial mesenchyme" EXACT  [ZFA:0000255, UBERONREF:0000002]
synonym: "somitic mesoderm" EXACT [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
xref: VHOG:0000114 ! paraxial mesoderm
xref: TAO:0000255 ! paraxial mesoderm
xref: XAO:0000259 ! paraxial mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0000255 ! paraxial mesoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Paraxial_Mesoderm ! Paraxial Mesoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png
xref: EMAPA:16183 ! paraxial mesenchyme of trunk mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16751 ! paraxial mesenchyme of mesenchyme of tail of embryo
xref: EFO:0003515 ! paraxial mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000926 {source="XAO"} ! mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007285 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive paraxial mesoderm
xref: AAO:0010568 ! paraxial mesoderm
xref: SCTID:361475002 ! Paraxial mesoderm
synonym: "mesoderma paraxiale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Paraxial_mesoderm]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png
property_value: external_definition "Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010568", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000114", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/dvdy.21177 Kusakabe R and Kuratani S. Evolutionary perspectives from development of mesodermal components in the lamprey. Developmental dynamics (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1284009

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003102
name: surface structure
def: "Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Surface_structure, ZFA:0000292, VSAO:0000001, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/24]
subset: upper_level
synonym: "anatomical surface feature" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003010]
synonym: "surface feature" RELATED []
synonym: "surface region" RELATED []
xref: TAO:0000292 ! surface structure
xref: XAO:0003028 ! surface structure
xref: ZFA:0000292 ! surface structure
xref: EHDAA2:0003010 ! anatomical surface feature
xref: AEO:0000010 ! anatomical surface feature
xref: VSAO:0000001 ! surface structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0007376 ! outer epithelial layer
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0013514 ! space surrounding organism
xref: AAO:0010337 ! surface structure
property_value: external_definition "Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000292", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: galen:SurfaceRegion ! surface region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007376 ! outer epithelial layer
name: outer epithelial layer
def: "The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. The epidermis of a more complex invertebrate is just one-layer deep, and may be protected by a non-cellular cuticle. The epidermis of a higher vertebrate has many layers, and the outer layers are reinforced with keratin and then die[WP]." [Wikipedia:Epidermis_(zoology)]
comment: Editor's note: this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544.
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "hypodermis" RELATED INCONSISTENT [GO:0008544, WBbt:0005733]
synonym: "epidermis" NARROW [GO:0008544]
synonym: "outer epidermal layer" EXACT []
xref: FBbt:00004993 ! epidermis
xref: WBbt:0005733 ! hypodermis
xref: HAO:0000298 ! epidermis
xref: TADS:0000109 ! adult epidermis
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6072 {source="Wikipedia:Epidermis_(zoology)"} ! Eumetazoa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002416
name: integumental system
def: "organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its adnexa (including hair, scales, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature and is the location of receptors for pain, sensation, pressure and temperature. In humans the integumentary system additionally provides vitamin D synthesis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Integumentary_system]
comment: in FMA, integumentary system = integument + certain glands. Note that here we use integumental system in a general sense, covering a variety of metazoans
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "integumentary system" EXACT [FMA:72979]
synonym: "dermal system" RELATED  [MIAA:0000033]
xref: EFO:0000807 ! integumental system
xref: EHDAA:6520 ! integumental system
xref: FMA:72979 ! Integumentary system
xref: VHOG:0000403 ! integumental system
xref: MA:0000014 ! integumental system
xref: MAT:0000033 ! integumental system
xref: EMAPA:17524 ! integumental system
xref: XAO:0000176 ! dermal system
xref: EHDAA2:0000836 ! integumental system
xref: MESH:A17 ! integumentary system
xref: EV:0100151 ! dermal system
xref: HAO:0000421 ! integument
xref: FBbt:00004969 ! integumentary system
xref: TADS:0000108 ! adult integument
xref: MIAA:0000033 ! integumental system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: ncithesaurus:Integumentary_System ! Integumentary System
xref: SCTID:361692004 ! Entire integumentary system
synonym: "integumentum commune" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Integumentary_system]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000403", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x Vickaryous MK\, Sire JY\, The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin\, evolution\, and development. J Anat (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0037267

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012125
name: dermatological-muscosal system
def: "Anatomical system that consists of the integumental system plus all mucosae and submucosae." [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/53]
synonym: "dermatological system" RELATED [OBI:MC]
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
relationship: has_part  UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000014
name: zone of skin
def: "A sub-region of the skin. Note the distinct between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee" [GOC:cjm, Wikipedia:Skin]
comment: we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive
synonym: "skin" EXACT [MA:0000151]
synonym: "portion of skin" EXACT []
synonym: "skin zone" EXACT []
synonym: "skin region" EXACT []
synonym: "region of skin" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86166 ! Zone of skin
xref: EHDAA:6530 ! skin
xref: MA:0000151 ! skin
xref: GAID:933 ! skin
xref: VHOG:0000860 ! skin
xref: MAT:0000284 ! skin
xref: MIAA:0000284 ! skin
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! skin
xref: EHDAA2:0001844 ! skin (also: UBERON:0002097 'skin of body') (also: UBERON:0002199 'integument')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skin.svg/200px-Skin.svg.png
xref: MESH:A17.815 ! skin (also: UBERON:0002097 'skin of body') (also: UBERON:0002199 'integument')
xref: EV:0100152 ! skin
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
xref: SCTID:20795001 ! Structure of skin region
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/HumanSkinDiagram.jpg
property_value: homology_notes " (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000860", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x Vickaryous MK\, Sire JY\, The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin\, evolution\, and development. J Anat (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002097
name: skin of body
def: "Nonparenchymatous organ that consists of the dermis and epidermis. Subdivisions of the skin surround various body parts; as a whole, the skin constitutes the external layer of the body. Examples: There is only one skin[FMA]. Surface structure that consists of the external membranous integument of the animal." [OMD:skin, Wikipedia:Skin, FMA:7163]
comment: Note that FMA uses 'skin' for the entire organ. XAO seems consistent. MA seems to use it analagously to zone of skin
subset: uberon_slim
subset: major_organ
synonym: "entire skin" EXACT []
synonym: "skin" RELATED []
synonym: "pelt" RELATED []
synonym: "integument" RELATED []
xref: galen:Skin ! skin
xref: BTO:0001253
xref: FMA:7163 ! Skin
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000023 ! skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Skin ! Skin
xref: EFO:0000962 ! skin
xref: EHDAA2:0001844 ! skin (also: UBERON:0000014 'zone of skin') (also: UBERON:0002199 'integument')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skin.svg/200px-Skin.svg.png
xref: MESH:A17.815 ! skin (also: UBERON:0000014 'zone of skin') (also: UBERON:0002199 'integument')
xref: EMAPA:17525 ! skin of integumental system
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 ! integument
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer
xref: SCTID:181469002 ! Entire skin
xref: UMLS:C1123023

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001003
name: epidermis
def: "The outer layer of the skin[WP]. cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Epidermis_(skin), ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
comment: Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes).
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "adult epidermis" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebrate epidermis" EXACT []
synonym: "skin" BROAD []
xref: AAO:0000143 ! epidermis
xref: BTO:0000404 ! epidermis
xref: FMA:70596 ! Epidermis
xref: GAID:932 ! epidermis
xref: VHOG:0000077 ! epidermis
xref: MA:0000153 ! epidermis
xref: MAT:0000154 ! epidermis
xref: MIAA:0000154 ! epidermis
xref: TAO:0000105 ! epidermis
xref: XAO:0000028 ! epidermis
xref: ZFA:0000105 ! epidermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Epidermis ! Epidermis
xref: EFO:0000954 ! epidermis
xref: MESH:A10.272.497 ! epidermis
xref: EV:0100153 ! epidermis
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 ! integument
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0003055 ! periderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007383 ! enveloping layer of ectoderm
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
xref: SCTID:361694003 ! Entire epidermis
property_value: external_definition "The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000143", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000143", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present.  Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000105", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000077", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.71-72", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epidermal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014520

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010083
name: future dermis
comment: Editor notes: check development
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 {source="EHDAA2"} ! integument
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004016 {source="XAO"} ! dermatome
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sclerotome
xref: EHDAA2:0000598 ! future dermis
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_into a dermis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002067
name: dermis
def: "The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dermis, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Editor notes: Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "corium" RELATED [BTO:0000294]
synonym: "cutis" RELATED [BTO:0000294]
synonym: "vertebrate dermis" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000128 ! dermis
xref: BTO:0000294
xref: FMA:70323 ! Dermis
xref: GAID:1321 ! dermis
xref: VHOG:0000108 ! dermis
xref: MA:0000152 ! dermis
xref: MAT:0000153 ! dermis
xref: MIAA:0000153 ! dermis
xref: TAO:0001119 ! dermis
xref: XAO:0000217 ! dermis
xref: ZFA:0001119 ! dermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Dermis ! Dermis
xref: EFO:0000953 ! dermis
xref: MESH:A17.815.180 ! dermis
xref: EV:0100154 ! dermis
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002097 {source="FMA"} ! skin of body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 ! integument
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002072 ! hypodermis
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
xref: SCTID:361696001 ! Entire dermis
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010083 {evidence="definitional"} ! future dermis
synonym: "corium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dermis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/EpidermisPainted.svg
property_value: external_definition "A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001119", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000108", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.231-232 see also p.209 and p.228 and Figure 6-1", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "dermal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0011646

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002072
name: hypodermis
def: "Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Hypodermis]
comment: AO Notes: BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypoderis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vertebrate hypodermis" EXACT []
synonym: "hypoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "subcutaneous tissue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hypodermis]
synonym: "subcutis" RELATED []
synonym: "superficial fascia" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "sub-tegumental tissue" RELATED  [BTO:0004525]
synonym: "subtegumental tissue" RELATED  [BTO:0004525]
synonym: "tela subcutanea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hypodermis]
xref: FMA:70544 ! Hypodermis
xref: TAO:0001136 ! hypodermis
xref: ZFA:0001136 ! hypodermis
xref: BTO:0001314 ! subcutis
xref: ncithesaurus:Subcutis ! subcutis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Skin.svg/200px-Skin.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 {source="ZFA"} ! integument
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
property_value: external_definition "A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane.  It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001136", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "hypodermal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0278403

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011818
name: superficial fascia
def: "Superficial fascia is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis. It is present on the face, over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid, at the nape of the neck, and overlying the sternum. It is comprised mainly of loose areolar connective tissue and adipose and is the layer that primarily determines the shape of a body. In addition to its subcutaneous presence, this type of fascia surrounds organs and glands, neurovascular bundles, and is found at many other locations where it fills otherwise unoccupied space. It serves as a storage medium of fat and water; as a passageway for lymph, nerve and blood vessels; and as a protective padding to cushion and insulate. Superficial fascia is present, but does not contain fat, in the eyelids, ear, scrotum, penis and clitoris." [Wikipedia:Superficial_fascia]
comment: We follow FMA, BTO, NCIT and WP in making this a distinct class from hypodermis.
synonym: "subcutaneous tissue" EXACT  [FMA:9630]
synonym: "tela subcutanea" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 {source="FMA"} ! integument
xref: FMA:9630 ! superficial fascia
xref: ncithesaurus:Superficial_Fascia ! Superficial Fascia
xref: MESH:A10.165.887 ! subcutaneous tissue
xref: BTO:0004525 ! subcutaneous tissue
xref: GAID:929 ! subcutaneous tissue 
xref: SCTID:361713003 ! Entire subcutaneous tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002199
name: integument
def: "The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis." [Wikipedia:Integument]
comment: Usage notes: in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "skin" RELATED []
synonym: "the integument" EXACT [FMA:74657]
synonym: "dermal system" RELATED [BTO:0000634]
synonym: "dermoid system" RELATED [BTO:0000634]
synonym: "Hautsystem" RELATED [BTO:0000634]
synonym: "tegument" RELATED [BTO:0000634]
xref: AAO:0000239 ! integument
xref: BTO:0000634 ! integument
xref: FMA:74657 ! Integument
xref: galen:Integument
xref: TAO:0000368 ! integument
xref: ZFA:0000368 ! integument
xref: EHDAA2:0001844 ! skin (also: UBERON:0000014 'zone of skin') (also: UBERON:0002097 'skin of body')
xref: MESH:A17.815 ! skin (also: UBERON:0000014 'zone of skin') (also: UBERON:0002097 'skin of body')
xref: VSAO:0000029 ! integument
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002072 ! hypodermis
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 ! Chordata
synonym: "integumentum commune" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74657]
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000239", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000368", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000029", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "integumental" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "integumentary" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002200
name: vasculature of head
def: "Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cranial vasculature" EXACT []
synonym: "head vasculature" RELATED []
synonym: "adult head vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head vasculature" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasculature of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:74710 ! Vasculature of head
xref: TAO:0001267 ! cranial vasculature
xref: ZFA:0001267 ! cranial vasculature
xref: EFO:0003656 ! cranial vasculature
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: XAO:0004152 ! head vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011362
name: cranial blood vasculature
synonym: "set of blood vessels of head" EXACT []
xref: TAO:0005297 ! cranial blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0004537 ! blood vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: ZFA:0005297 ! cranial blood vessel
property_value: external_definition "Blood vessel part of cranial vasculature.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005297", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "cranial blood vessels" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0005297]
def: "A blood vasculature that is part of a head." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011363
name: cranial lymph vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0004536 ! lymph vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
synonym: "set of lymphatic vessels of head" EXACT [FMA:224562]
xref: TAO:0005298 ! cranial lymph vessel
xref: ZFA:0005298 ! cranial lymph vessel
xref: FMA:224562 ! set of lymphatic vessels of head
synonym: "cranial lymph vessels" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0005298]
def: "A lymph vasculature that is part of a head." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002201
name: vasculature of trunk
def: "A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "trunk vasculature" EXACT []
synonym: "torso vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso vasculature" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasculature of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:74712 ! Vasculature of trunk
xref: TAO:0005024 ! trunk vasculature
xref: ZFA:0005024 ! trunk vasculature
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002202
name: submucosa of trachea
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "trachea submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "tracheal submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "submucosa of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7472 ! Submucosa of trachea
xref: MA:0001860 ! trachea submucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea_Submucosa ! Trachea Submucosa
xref: BTO:0002115 ! tela submucosa tracheae
is_a: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
xref: SCTID:4419000 ! Tracheal submucosa
def: "A submucosa that is part of a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0225586

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002203
name: vasculature of eye
def: "Vasculature that is part of the eye region." [OBOL:automatic, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3489658&group_id=76834&atid=994726]
comment: not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "eye vasculature" RELATED []
synonym: "ocular vasculature" EXACT []
synonym: "optic vasculature" RELATED []
synonym: "eye vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ocular blood vessel" EXACT [ZFA:0007057]
xref: FMA:74743 ! Vasculature of eye
xref: ZFA:0007057 ! ocular vasculature
is_a: UBERON:0002200 ! vasculature of head
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="FMA"} ! camera-type eye
xref: SCTID:123846009 ! Structure of ocular blood vessel
xref: TAO:0007057 ! ocular blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003071
name: eye primordium
alt_id: UBERON:0005060
def: "Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles." [ZFA:0000570, GO:0046619]
comment: AO notes: TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium
synonym: "eye anlage" RELATED  [XAO:0000227]
synonym: "eye field" RELATED []
synonym: "optic field" RELATED []
synonym: "optic primordium" EXACT []
synonym: "ocular primordium" EXACT []
synonym: "occular primordium" EXACT []
synonym: "optic placode" EXACT [GO:0046619]
synonym: "optic placode of camera-type eye" EXACT [GO:0046619, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "eye placode" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: TAO:0000570 ! optic primordium
xref: XAO:0000227 ! eye primordium
xref: XAO:0004090 ! optic field
xref: ZFA:0000570 ! optic primordium
xref: EFO:0003541 ! optic primordium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003056 {source="XAO", source="PMID:16496288"} ! pre-chordal neural plate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003056 ! pre-chordal neural plate
xref: AAO:0011038 ! eye primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0004431 ! optic primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005426 ! lens vesicle
name: lens vesicle
def: "Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens." [ZFIN:curator, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=994726&aid=3514998&group_id=76834]
comment: Development notes: the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals[ZFA]
synonym: "solid lens vesicle" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0001679]
synonym: "hollow lens vesicle" NARROW SENSU []
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0001679 ! solid lens vesicle
xref: VHOG:0001163 ! lens vesicle
xref: EMAPA:17163 ! lens vesicle
xref: EHDAA:4737 ! lens vesicle
xref: EHDAA2:0000983 ! lens vesicle
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003073 ! lens placode
relationship: has_quality PATO:0001736 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32443", notes="teleosts"} ! solid configuration
relationship: has_quality PATO:0002078 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", notes="Mammals"} ! hollow
xref: SCTID:361510002 ! Lens vesicle
xref: TAO:0002205 ! lens vesicle
property_value: external_definition "A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001163", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lens+vesicle", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001163", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004128
name: optic vesicle
def: "The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]." [GO:0003404, Wikipedia:Optic_vesicles]
comment: Genes: Six3, Pax6, Rx1 are expressed together in the tip of the neural plate [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]. Development notes: During subsequent develop- ment, the optic vesicle invaginates and becomes a two-layered structure with an inner neural retina and outer retinal pigment epithelium. As soon as the developing optic vesicle makes contact with the overlying ectoderm, it induces the ectoderm to thicken and form the lens placode PMID:16496288
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "evagination" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0000228 ! eye vesicle
xref: ZFA:0000050 ! optic vesicle
xref: EMAPA:16540 ! optic vesicle
xref: VHOG:0000165 ! optic vesicle
xref: EHDAA2:0001320 ! optic vesicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gray863.png/200px-Gray863.png
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010312 {source="ZFA"} ! immature eye
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003071 {source="ZFA"} ! eye primordium
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0004880 ! chordamesoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Optic_Vesicle ! Optic Vesicle
xref: AAO:0011039 ! optic vesicle
xref: SCTID:362864008 ! Entire optic vesicle
xref: TAO:0000050 ! optic vesicle
synonym: "ocular vesicle" RELATED [VHOG:0000165]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000165", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231106

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003072
name: optic cup
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]." [ZFA:0001202, MP:0004269, Optic_cup_(embryology)]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "eye cup" RELATED []
xref: ZFA:0001202 ! optic cup
xref: ncithesaurus:Optic_Cup ! Optic Cup
xref: VHOG:0000167 ! optic cup
xref: EHDAA2:0001303 ! optic cup
xref: EMAPA:16674 ! optic cup
xref: EHDAA:2912 ! optic cup
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004128 {source="ZFA"} ! optic vesicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010312 {source="ZFA"} ! immature eye
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0003073 ! lens placode
xref: SCTID:308789007 ! Entire optic cup
xref: TAO:0001202 ! optic cup
synonym: "ocular cup" RELATED [VHOG:0000167]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000167", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231109

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005424 ! presumptive retinal pigmented epithelium
name: presumptive retinal pigmented epithelium
def: "Portion of tissue that is the outer layer of the optic cup and will become the retinal pigmented epithelium." [ZFIN:curator]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "outer layer optic cup" EXACT [ZFA:0000064]
synonym: "optic cup outer layer" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001306]
synonym: "presumptive pigmented epithelia" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0000064]
xref: TAO:0000064 ! presumptive pigmented epithelium
xref: ZFA:0000064 ! presumptive retinal pigmented epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001306 ! optic cup outer layer
xref: VHOG:0000492 ! optic cup outer layer
xref: EMAPA:16677 ! outer layer of optic cup
is_a: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003072 ! optic cup
synonym: "presumptive pigmented epithelium" RELATED [TAO:0000064]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000492", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005425 ! presumptive neural retina
name: presumptive neural retina
def: "Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina." [ZFIN:curator]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inner layer optic cup" EXACT [ZFA:0001071]
synonym: "presumptive retinas" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001071]
synonym: "optic cup inner layer" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001304]
xref: EHDAA2:0001304 ! optic cup inner layer
xref: VHOG:0000490 ! optic cup inner layer
xref: TAO:0001071 ! presumptive retina
xref: ZFA:0001071 ! presumptive neural retina
xref: EMAPA:16675 ! inner layer
is_a: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003072 ! optic cup
synonym: "presumptive retina" RELATED [TAO:0001071]
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000490", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002205
name: manubrium of sternum
def: "broad, upper part of the sternum. Located ventrally with a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower inferiorly, it articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs[WP]." [Wikipedia:Manubrium]
comment: May be cartilage in some species.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "manubrium" BROAD []
synonym: "manubrium of sternum" EXACT []
synonym: "sternal manubrium" EXACT [MA:0001332]
synonym: "manubrium sterni" EXACT [EMAPA:18723]
xref: FMA:7486 ! Manubrium
xref: GAID:247 ! manubrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXOLAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EMAPA:18723 ! manubrium sterni
xref: MA:0001332 ! sternal manubrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXOLAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! manubrium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray116.png/200px-Gray116.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.904.766.442 ! manubrium
is_a: UBERON:0010363 {source="Kardong"} ! endochondral element
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006722 ! manubrium of malleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011301 ! manubrium sternum pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: serially_homologous_to UBERON:0002208 {source="Kardong"} ! sternebra
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternal_Manubrium ! Sternal Manubrium
xref: SCTID:182014008 ! Entire manubrium sterni
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray116.png
xref: UMLS:C1710195

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011301 ! manubrium sternum pre-cartilage condensation
name: manubrium sternum pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006210 {source="EHDAA2"} ! body-wall mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sternum
synonym: "manubrium sterni pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001063]
xref: EHDAA2:0001063 ! manubrium sterni pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:9563 ! manubrium sterni pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process
name: xiphoid process
def: "A cartilaginous extension to the distal part of the sternum." [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3153001&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: this class may represent a mixed bony-cartilage element, or it may be the superclass of either purely cartilage or purely ossified elements. Taxon notes: usually ossified in the adult human. By age 15 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non-movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the celiac plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and indirectly attaches the costal cartilage to the sternum. [WP,unvetted]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "xiphoid process of sternum" EXACT []
synonym: "xiphoid process" EXACT [FMA:7488]
synonym: "processus xiphoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphisternum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphoid process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphosternal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xyphoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "metasternum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
xref: FMA:7488 ! Xiphoid process
xref: MA:0001334 ! xiphisternum
xref: ncithesaurus:Xiphoid_Process ! Xiphoid Process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray117.png/200px-Gray117.png
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
relationship: serially_homologous_to UBERON:0002208 {source="Kardong"} ! sternebra
xref: SCTID:272711000 ! Entire xiphoid process of sternum
synonym: "processus xiphoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray117.png
xref: UMLS:C0043356

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006431
name: xiphoid process bone
synonym: "bone tissue of xiphoid process" EXACT [FMA:32577]
synonym: "xiphoid bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
xref: GAID:248 ! xiphoid bone
xref: FMA:32577 ! bone tissue of xiphoid process
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process
def: "A bone tissue that is part of a xiphoid process." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006430
name: xiphoid cartilage
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "xiphoid cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "ensiform cartilage" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "cartilage of xiphoid process" EXACT [FMA:32574]
synonym: "xiphoid process cartilage" EXACT [FMA:32574]
xref: FMA:32574 ! cartilage of xiphoid process
xref: MA:0001884 ! xiphoid cartilage
xref: EMAPA:18725 ! xiphisternum
xref: AAO:0000940 ! xiphisternum
is_a: UBERON:0000398 ! sternal cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002236 ! costal cartilage
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process
property_value: external_definition "Distal, cartilaginous portion of the sternum.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000940", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
def: "A costal cartilage that is part of a xiphoid process." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011124
name: xiphisternal joint
def: "The xiphisternal joint (or xiphisternal synchondrosis) is a location near the bottom of the sternum,  where the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process." [Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint]
synonym: "xiphisternal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint]
synonym: "xiphisternal synchdrondosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint]
synonym: "synchondrosis xiphisternalis" EXACT  [FMA:7503]
is_a: UBERON:0002216 {source="FMA"} ! symphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006820 ! body of sternum
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process
xref: FMA:7503 ! xiphisternal joint
xref: SCTID:118923007 ! Xiphisternal symphysis
xref: SCTID:118924001 ! Xiphisternal synostosis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray116.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002208
name: sternebra
def: "one of the bony segments of the sternum[TFD]." [Wikipedia:Sternebra, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sternebra]
comment: Note that some definitions state that this a segment of the primordial sternum.
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:7489 ! Sternebra
xref: MA:0001333 ! sternebra
xref: EMAPA:18724 ! sternebral bone
synonym: "sternebral bone" RELATED [EMAPA:18724]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg/200px-Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 {source="MA"} ! sternum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006295 ! sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:95955004 ! Entire sternebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002209
name: fibrous joint
def: "Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articulatio fibrosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7492 ! Fibrous joint
xref: MA:0000321 ! fibrous joint
xref: ZFA:0005156 ! fibrous joint
xref: EHDAA2:0003178 ! fibrous joint
xref: AEO:0000178 ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0011134 {source="FMA"} ! nonsynovial joint
relationship: has_part CL:0002320 {source="AEO"} ! connective tissue cell
xref: SCTID:37772004 ! Entire fibrous joint
xref: TAO:0005156 ! fibrous joint
synonym: "junctura fibrosa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint]
property_value: external_definition "A joint where fibrous tissue such as ligament connects two calcified tissues.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005156", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011206
name: hinge joint
def: "A joint that allows motion around an axis." [BTO:0004707, Wikipedia:Hinge_joint]
synonym: "ginglymus" RELATED  [BTO:0004707]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 {source="BTO"} ! skeletal joint
xref: BTO:0004707 ! hinge joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Gelenke_Zeichnung01.jpg
xref: SCTID:335391000 ! Entire ginglymus
xref: galen:HingeJoint ! hinge joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002210
name: syndesmosis
def: "Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Syndesmosis, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:7494 ! Syndesmosis
xref: MA:0001500 ! syndesmosis
is_a: UBERON:0002209 ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint
xref: SCTID:89358004 ! Entire syndesmosis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001485
name: knee joint
def: "The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation. Since in humans the knee supports nearly the whole weight of the body, it is the joint most vulnerable both to acute injury and the development of osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Knee]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "joint of knee" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio genus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Knee]
xref: FMA:35175 ! Knee joint
xref: GAID:114 ! knee joint
xref: galen:KneeJoint
xref: VHOG:0001003 ! knee joint
xref: MA:0000471 ! knee joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Knee_Joint ! Knee Joint
xref: EFO:0001957 ! knee joint (also: UBERON:0001465 'knee')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCuaYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! knee joint
xref: EMAPA:19137 ! knee joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.475 ! knee joint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002446 ! patella
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001465 ! knee
xref: SCTID:182204005 ! Entire knee joint
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006256 {evidence="definitional"} ! knee joint primordium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Knee.agr.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0022745

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011166
name: patellofemoral joint
synonym: "femorapatellar joint" EXACT []
synonym: "femoropatellar joint" EXACT []
synonym: "patello femoral joint" EXACT [galen:PatelloFemoralJoint]
is_a: UBERON:0011139 {source="FMA"} ! synovial limb joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001485 ! knee joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: connects UBERON:0002446 ! patella
xref: FMA:43574 ! patellofemoral joint
xref: SCTID:182202009 ! Entire patellofemoral joint
xref: galen:PatelloFemoralJoint ! patello femoral joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009005
name: femorotibial joint
def: "One of the two primary bendings of a typical leg, pertains to the femur and the tibia." [BTO:0004396]
comment: Editor notes: proposed OWL definition: skeletal join that connects ONLY tibia and femur
synonym: "femoratibial joint" EXACT []
synonym: "tibiofemoral joint" EXACT [FMA:43571]
synonym: "knee" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011139 {source="FMA"} ! synovial limb joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001485 ! knee joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
xref: SCTID:182203004 ! Entire femorotibial joint
xref: BTO:0004396 ! femorotibial joint
xref: FMA:43571 ! tibiofemoral joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011123
name: stifle joint
def: "a complex joint in the hind limbs of quadruped mammals such as the sheep, horse or dog. It is the equivalent joint to the human knee. It is often the largest synovial joint in the body." [Wikipedia:Stifle_joint]
synonym: "femoropatellar joint" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: connects UBERON:0002446 ! patella
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
xref: SCTID:116010006 ! Stifle joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Stifle_Joint ! stifle joint
xref: MESH:A13.473.683

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011088
name: ligament of knee joint
synonym: "knee joint ligament" EXACT  [FMA:44580]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001485 ! knee joint
xref: FMA:44580 ! ligament of knee joint
xref: SCTID:182440009 ! Entire ligament of knee joint
def: "A ligament that is part of a knee joint." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003676
name: patellar ligament
def: "The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA." [MESH:A02.513.514.475, Wikipedia:Patellar_ligament]
synonym: "central band of tendon of quadriceps femoris" EXACT [FMA:44581]
synonym: "ligamentum patella" EXACT [FMA:44581]
synonym: "patellar tendon" RELATED []
xref: FMA:44581 ! Patellar ligament
xref: GAID:128 ! patellar ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Patellar_Ligament ! Patellar Ligament
xref: galen:LigamentumPatellae ! ligamentum patellae
xref: EMAPA:18509 ! ligamentum patellae of knee joint primordium
xref: EMAPA:19139 ! ligamentum patellae of knee joint
xref: MESH:A02.513.514.475 ! patellar ligament
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
relationship: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: connects UBERON:0002446 ! patella
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001485 {source="FMA"} ! knee joint
xref: SCTID:244639004 ! Entire patellar ligament
xref: UMLS:C0206332

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011112
name: tibiofibular joint
def: "A joint that connects the tibia and the fibula." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Tibiofibular_joint]
comment: Editor notes: we include location as part of the logical definition to prevent accidental classification of ankle joints as tibiofibular joints
synonym: "tibiafibular joint" EXACT []
synonym: "fibulotibial joint" EXACT []
synonym: "fibulatibial joint" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002210 {source="FMA"} ! syndesmosis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
xref: FMA:35181 ! tibiofibular joint
xref: SCTID:244554002 ! Entire tibiofibular joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011113
name: inferior tibiofibular joint
def: "The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. Below, to the extent of about 4 mm. these surfaces are smooth, and covered with cartilage, which is continuous with that of the ankle-joint. The ligaments are: Anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus, Posterior ligament of the lateral malleolus, Inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, Interosseous ligament" [Wikipedia:Inferior_tibiofibular_articulation]
synonym: "distal tibiofibular joint" EXACT  [FMA:10465]
synonym: "syndesmosis tibiofibularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "tibiofibular syndesmosis" EXACT  [FMA:10465]
synonym: "inferior tibiofibular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_tibiofibular_articulation]
is_a: UBERON:0011112 {source="FMA"} ! tibiofibular joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0004410 ! distal epiphysis of fibula
relationship: connects UBERON:0000979 {notes="lateral side"} ! tibia
xref: FMA:10465 ! inferior tibiofibular joint
xref: SCTID:182209000 ! Entire distal tibiofibular joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011117
name: superior tibiofibular joint
def: "The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. The contiguous surfaces of the bones present flat, oval facets covered with cartilage and connected together by an articular capsule and by anterior and posterior ligaments. When the term \"tibiofibular articulation\" is used without a modifier, it refers to the superior, and not the inferior tibiofibular articulation." [Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_joint]
synonym: "tibiofibular joint" BROAD [Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_joint]
synonym: "proximal tibiofibular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_joint]
synonym: "superior tibiofibular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_joint]
synonym: "articulatio tibiofibularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_joint]
synonym: "proximal tibiofibular joint" EXACT  [FMA:35184]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011112  ! tibiofibular joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0008775 ! proximal epiphysis of fibula
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0009985 ! lateral condyle of femur
xref: FMA:35184 ! superior tibiofibular joint
xref: SCTID:182208008 ! Entire proximal tibiofibular joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gray347.png/250px-Gray347.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002211
name: nerve root
comment: we make nerve root continuous_with nerve to avoid inconsistencies with the spatial disjointness constraint between PNS and CNS, with nerves part_of CNS. FMA has segment of nerve with subtypes: segment of sympathetic trunk, nerve root, nerve rootlet, nerve root proper
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:5981 ! nerve root
xref: BTO:0000883 ! spinal root
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Nerve_Root ! Nerve Root
xref: SCTID:362295007 ! Entire nerve root
xref: UMLS:C0228084

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002213
name: cartilaginous joint
def: "Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7496 ! Cartilaginous joint
xref: MA:0000320 ! cartilaginous joint
xref: ZFA:0005155 ! cartilaginous joint
is_a: UBERON:0011134 {source="FMA"} ! nonsynovial joint
xref: SCTID:58442004 ! Entire cartilaginous joint
xref: TAO:0005155 ! cartilaginous joint
synonym: "junctura cartilaginea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002215
name: synchondrosis
def: "Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by hyaline cartilage. Examples: spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Synchondrosis, FMA:FMA]
comment: Editor's note: WP considers epiphyseal plates as subtypes of this // consider adding link to hyaline cartilage
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "epiphysial cartilage" RELATED  [FMA:7497]
synonym: "primary cartilaginous joint" EXACT  [FMA:7497]
xref: FMA:7497 ! Synchondrosis
xref: MA:0001501 ! synchondrosis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray297.png/200px-Gray297.png
is_a: UBERON:0002209 {source="MA"} ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint
synonym: "cartilago epiphysialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7497]
xref: SCTID:42903008 ! Entire synchondrosis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray297.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002216
name: symphysis
def: "Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Symphysis, FMA:FMA]
comment: Editors note: consider adding fibrocartilage class
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "secondary cartilaginous joint" EXACT  [FMA:7498]
xref: FMA:7498 ! Symphysis
xref: MA:0001504 ! symphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray298.png/200px-Gray298.png
is_a: UBERON:0002209 {source="MA"} ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0002213 {source="FMA"} ! cartilaginous joint
xref: SCTID:1584001 ! Entire symphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray298.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008115 ! surface of cartilage
name: surface of cartilage
synonym: "cartilage surface" EXACT  [FMA:76668]
xref: FMA:76668 ! surface of cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0006984 ! anatomical surface

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008124
name: joint articular surface
comment: note that FMA has multiple "Articular surface of X" classes, with no way to group them
xref: MA:0001518 ! joint articular surface
is_a: UBERON:0008115 ! surface of cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002217 {source="MA"} ! synovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008187
name: hypertrophic cartilage zone
comment: see also VSAO:0000098 ! hypertrophic chondrocyte
xref: MA:0002849 ! hypertrophic cartilage zone
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004763 {source="MA"} ! endochondral bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002219
name: subfornical organ
def: "Group of neurons situated on the ventral surface of the fornix at the level of the foramen of Monro in the third ventricle (adapted from Wikipedia via NIF)." [Wikipedia:Subfornical_organ, NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100314]
comment: Function notes: induces drinking behavior after stimulation with angiotensin II[MESH].
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:75260 ! Subfornical organ
xref: GAID:795 ! subfornical organ
xref: MA:0000940 ! subfornical organ
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100314 ! Subfornical organ
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray715.png/200px-Gray715.png
xref: MESH:A08.713.840 ! subfornical organ
xref: ABA:SFO ! Subfornical organ
is_a: UBERON:0010135 {source="MA"} ! sensory circumventricular organ
is_a: UBERON:0002663 {source="MA"} ! septal nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002690 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral periventricular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001934 {source="ABA"} ! dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002625 {source="ABA"} ! median preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002689 {source="ABA"} ! supraoptic crest
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007626 {source="ABA"} ! subparaventricular zone
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002034 {source="ABA"} ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
synonym: "organum subfornicale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subfornical_organ]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray715.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002221
name: fontanelle
def: "Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull[TAO]. In humans: Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by a child's second birthday. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Although there are the two anterior and posterior fontanelles, there are two more fontanelles of interest, the mastoid fontanelle, and the sphenoidal fontanelle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Fontanelle]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "fontanel" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75438 ! Fontanelle
xref: MA:0001465 ! fontanel
xref: TAO:0001738 ! fontanel
xref: ncithesaurus:Fontanelle ! Fontanelle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray197.png/200px-Gray197.png
xref: ZFA:0005536 ! fontanel
xref: SCTID:272681004 ! Entire fontanel of skull
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="ZFA", source="MA"} ! neurocranium
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
synonym: "fonticuli cranii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fontanelle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray197.png
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001738", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "fontanelles" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001738]
synonym: "fontanels" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001738]
xref: UMLS:C0224548

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007862
name: perichordal tissue
def: "Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin." [VSAO:curator]
comment: Derived from cells surrounding the notochord (possibly the slerotome). Disparate from (not derived from) notochord.
synonym: "notochord" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "perichordal connective tissue" EXACT [ZFA:0001633]
synonym: "perichordal sheath" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "perichordal sheath tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "perichordal tube" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: VSAO:0000054 ! perichordal tissue
xref: ZFA:0001633 ! perichordal connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002384 {source="VSAO"} ! connective tissue
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002328 {source="VSAO-modified"} ! notochord
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 {source="Kardong"} ! sclerotome
xref: AAO:0010446 ! perichordal connective tissue
xref: AAO:0000737 ! perichordal tube
xref: XAO:0004050 ! perichordal tissue
xref: TAO:0001642 ! perichordal connective tissue
property_value: external_definition "Portion of connective tissue which surrounds the notochord.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001642", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: part_of notochord (VSAO:0000032) CHANGED TO: surrounds notochord (UBERON:0002328)[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000054", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011675
name: perichordal ring
def: "Enlarged section of perichordal tube that is arranged serially but out of phase with segmental musculature." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007862 {source="AAO"} ! perichordal tissue
xref: AAO:0000738 ! perichordal ring

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002222
name: perichondrium
def: "Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage." [Wikipedia:Perichondrium, VSAO:0000036]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cartilage connective tissue" RELATED []
synonym: "perichondral region of cartilage" RELATED []
synonym: "perichondral region of cartilage element" RELATED []
xref: FMA:75446 ! Perichondrium
xref: TAO:0001643 ! perichondrium
xref: ZFA:0001634 ! perichondrium
xref: VSAO:0000036 ! perichondrium
is_a: UBERON:0002384 {source="VSAO"} ! connective tissue
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
xref: BTO:0005089 ! perichondrium
xref: AAO:0010445 ! perichondrium
xref: SCTID:11881003 ! Perichondrium
xref: XAO:0004049 ! perichondrium
xref: MA:0003008 ! perichondrium
property_value: external_definition "Portion of connective tissue which surrounds cartilage.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001643", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}


[Term]
id: UBERON:0008304
name: inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium
def: "The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes." [Wikipedia:The_Free_Encyclopedia]
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002222 {source="BTO"} ! perichondrium
xref: BTO:0005090 ! inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008305
name: outer fibrous layer of perichondrium
def: "The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers." [Wikipedia:The_Free_Encyclopedia]
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002222 {source="BTO"} ! perichondrium
xref: BTO:0005091 ! outer fibrous layer of perichondrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002224
name: thoracic cavity
def: "Body cavity subdivision which is enclosed by the thoracic wall and the diaphragm[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity, FMA:7565]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cavity of chest" EXACT []
synonym: "cavity of thorax" EXACT []
synonym: "chest cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "pectoral cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "space of thoracic compartment" EXACT [FMA:7565]
xref: FMA:7565 ! Thoracic cavity
xref: GAID:93 ! thoracic cavity
xref: MA:0000032 ! thoracic cavity
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rmvyleLfEEduAAAACs6hRXg
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvhU_TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Cavity ! Thoracic Cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg/200px-Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg.png
xref: MESH:A01.911.800 ! thoracic cavity
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
xref: SCTID:243949006 ! Entire thoracic cavity
synonym: "cavitas thoracis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thoracic_cavity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray846.png
xref: UMLS:C0230139

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002225
name: costal arch
def: "The costal margin, sometimes referred to as the costal arch, is the medial margin formed by the false ribs -- specifically, from the eighth rib to the tenth rib." [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
comment: todo - split? check part_of relationship
synonym: "arcus costae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
synonym: "subcostal arch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
synonym: "costal margin" RELATED [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
xref: FMA:7569 ! Costal arch
xref: FMA:7570 ! costal margin
xref: MA:0001396 ! costal arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Costal_Arch ! Costal Arch
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 {source="MA"} ! rib
xref: SCTID:367767002 ! Entire costal arch
synonym: "arcus costalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Gray115.png
xref: UMLS:C0230143

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002233
name: tectorial membrane of cochlea
def: "The tectorial membrane (TM) is one of two acellular gels in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar membrane (BM). The TM is located above the sulcus spiralis internus and the spiral organ of Corti and extends along the longitudinal length of the cochlea parallel to the BM. Radially the TM is divided into three zones, the limbal, middle and marginal zones. Of these the limbal zone is the thinnest (transversally) and overlies the auditory teeth of Huschke with its inside edge attached to the spiral limbus. The marginal zone is the thickest (transversally) and is divided from the middle zone by Hensen's Stripe. It overlies the sensory inner hair cells and electrically-motile outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and during acoustic stimulation stimulates the inner hair cells through fluid coupling, and the outer hair cells via direct connection to their tallest stereocilia." [Wikipedia:Tectorial_membrane_%28cochlea%29]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tectorial membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "tectorial membrane of spiral organ of cochlea" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75805 ! Tectorial membrane of cochlea
xref: GAID:876 ! tectorial membrane
xref: MA:0001199 ! tectorial membrane
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2531 ! Tectorial membrane of spiral organ of cochlea
xref: ncithesaurus:Tectorial_Membrane ! Tectorial Membrane
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246.292.906 ! tectorial membrane
is_a: UBERON:0005764 {source="Wikipedia"} ! acellular membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002276 {notes="limbal zone"} ! lamina of spiral limbus
xref: SCTID:368960006 ! Entire tectorial membrane
xref: UMLS:C0039432

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002226
name: basilar membrane of cochlea
def: "a stiff structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani[WP]." [Wikipedia:Basilar_membrane]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "basilar membrane" EXACT [MA:0001190]
synonym: "lamina basilaris ductus cochlearis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Basilar_membrane]
xref: FMA:75706 ! Basilar membrane of cochlea
xref: GAID:872 ! basilar membrane
xref: MA:0001190 ! basilar membrane
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2521 ! Basilar membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Basilar_Membrane ! Basilar Membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Organ_of_corti.svg/200px-Organ_of_corti.svg.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246.125 ! basilar membrane
is_a: UBERON:0005764 {source="Wikipedia"} ! acellular membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001864 ! scala tympan
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002295 ! scala media
xref: SCTID:362574003 ! Entire basilar membrane of cochlea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cochlea-crosssection.png/250px-Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Organ_of_corti.svg
xref: UMLS:C0004816

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002227
name: spiral organ of cochlea
def: "The organ of Corti (or spiral organ) is the organ in the inner ear of mammals that contains auditory sensory cells, or 'hair cells.' [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Organ_of_Corti]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cochlear spiral organ" EXACT []
synonym: "organ of Corti" RELATED []
synonym: "spiral organ" EXACT []
synonym: "spiral organ of Corti" EXACT []
synonym: "basilar papilla" RELATED [BTO:0001691]
synonym: "Corti's organ" RELATED [BTO:0001691]
synonym: "organum spirale" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Organ_of_Corti]
synonym: "papilla basilaris" EXACT  [XAO:0003145]
xref: FMA:75715 ! Spiral organ of cochlea
xref: GAID:772 ! organ of corti
xref: MA:0001193 ! spiral organ
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2526 ! Spiral organ of Corti
xref: ncithesaurus:Organ_of_Corti ! Organ of Corti
xref: ncithesaurus:Spiral_Organ_of_Corti ! Spiral Organ of Corti
xref: BTO:0001691 ! spiral organ
xref: EFO:0001364 ! organ of corti
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: EMAPA:19061 ! organ of Corti
xref: EMAPA:19151 ! spiral organ of Corti
xref: XAO:0003145 ! basilar papilla
xref: EV:0100364 ! spiral organ of Corti
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 {source="MA"} ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
relationship: capable_of GO:0050910 ! detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound
relationship: has_part CL:0000202 ! auditory hair cell
xref: AAO:0011018 ! basilar papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Cochlea-crosssection.svg
property_value: external_definition "A sensory structure in the lagenar portion of an amphibian's membranous labyrinth between the oval and round windows.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011018", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}
xref: SCTID:279841009 ! Entire spiral organ of Corti
xref: VHOG:0001567 ! spiral organ of Corti
property_value: homology_notes "The auditory hair cells in tetrapods are located in the inner ear in a structure known as the basilar papilla. In mammals this structure (along with some related structure) is called the organ of Corti.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001567", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.33", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0029207

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006288
name: rib cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17678 ! rib cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001716 ! rib cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001122 ! rib cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:8347 ! rib cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006289 {source="EHDAA2"} ! rib pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006289
name: rib pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17397 ! rib pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001717 ! rib pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000681 ! rib pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:6026 ! rib pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003089 {source="EHDAA2-abduced", source="ZFA"} ! sclerotome

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002228
name: rib
def: "An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses. They protect and support internal organs. In most vertebrates, ribs surround the chest. they enable lungs to expand by expanding the chest, they also protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax. In some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body." [Wikipedia:Rib, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Humans have 24 ribs (12 pairs). The first seven sets of ribs, known as "true ribs", are directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The following five sets are known as "false ribs", three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs (costae fluitantes) or vertebral ribs. They are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs of floating ribs, while others have a third pair. Rib removal is the surgical excision of ribs for therapeutic or cosmetic reasons. In fish, there are often two sets of ribs attached to the vertebral column. One set, the dorsal ribs, are found in the dividing septum between the upper and lower parts of the main muscle segments, projecting roughly sideways from the vertebral column. The second set, of ventral ribs arise from the vertebral column just below the dorsal ribs, and enclose the lower body, often joining at the tips. Not all species possess both types of rib, with the dorsal ribs being most commonly absent. Sharks, for example, have no dorsal ribs, and only very short ventral ribs, while lampreys have no ribs at all. In some teleosts, there may be additional rib-like bones within the muscle mass. Tetrapods, however, only ever have a single set of ribs which are probably homologous with the dorsal ribs of fishes. In the early tetrapods, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the thoracic vertebrae are typically the longest. The sacral ribs were stout and short, since they formed part of the pelvis, connecting the backbone to the hip bones.[1] In most subsequent forms, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living amphibians and reptiles, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example, turtles have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilagenous carapace and plastron, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk. Frogs typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis.[1]. In birds, ribs are present as distinct bones only on the thoracic region, although small fused ribs are present on the cervical vertebrae. The thoracic ribs of birds possess a wide projection to the rear; this uncinate process is an attachment for the shoulder muscles.[1]. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in monotremes. In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles, caudal ribs are never found in mammals.[1]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal rib" RELATED []
synonym: "pleural rib" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000545 ! rib
xref: FMA:7574 ! Rib
xref: GAID:245 ! rib
xref: VHOG:0001154 ! rib
xref: MA:0000315 ! rib
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjNoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000538 ! rib
xref: ZFA:0000538 ! rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib ! Rib
xref: galen:Rib ! rib
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjNoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! rib
xref: EMAPA:18010 ! rib
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.904.567 ! rib
xref: EFO:0003066 ! rib
is_a: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003252 ! rib cage
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0003252 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! rib cage
xref: SCTID:302523002 ! Entire rib
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006288 {evidence="definitional"} ! rib cartilage condensation
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral, rodlike element that articulates with the transverse process and parapophysis (double-headed rib), or with the transverse process only (single-headed rib); it extends into the body wall and provides a site for muscle attachment.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000545", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002"}
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that is intersegmental and rod-shaped, forming in the peritoneal membrane and attached to the vertebral parapophyses. Ribs protect and support internal organs.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000538", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "ribs" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000538]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "costal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0035561

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010388 ! proximal segment of rib
name: proximal segment of rib
def: "The segment of the rib that connects to a vertebra[MP]. a small part of the rib composed of the head, neck, tuberculum and a short proximal part of the body[PMID]" [MP:0000152, PMID:15906248]
comment: The proximal rib derives from the caudal half of somite[PMID:15906248]
synonym: "proximal rib" EXACT [MA:0001400]
synonym: "proximal part of rib" EXACT [PMID:15906248]
synonym: "vertebral part of rib" RELATED []
synonym: "costal part of rib" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 {source="MA"} ! rib
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
xref: MA:0001400 ! proximal rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010424
name: distal segment of rib
comment: The distal rib derives from both somite halves[PMID:15906248]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 {source="MA"} ! rib
xref: MA:0001397 ! distal rib
synonym: "distal rib" EXACT [MA:0001397]
synonym: "distal part of rib" EXACT [PMID:15906248]
synonym: "sternal rib" NARROW []
synonym: "vertical segment of rib" NARROW []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002230 ! head of rib
name: head of rib
def: "The head of the rib is the end of a rib closest to the vertebral column, with which it articulates with. It is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets for articulation with the depression formed on the bodies of two adjacent thoracic vertebrae; the upper facet is the smaller; to the crest is attached the interarticular ligament. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Head_of_rib]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "rib head" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7575 ! Head of rib
xref: MA:0001415 ! rib head
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_Head ! Rib Head
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray122.png/200px-Gray122.png
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010388 {source="PMID:15906248"} ! proximal segment of rib
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
xref: SCTID:263358001 ! Entire head of rib
synonym: "caput costae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Head_of_rib]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray122.png
xref: UMLS:C0222806

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003253
name: neck of rib
def: "The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2.5 cm. long, and is placed in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& with which the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior rough for the attachment of the ligament of the neck, and perforated by numerous foramina. Of its two borders the superior presents a rough crest (crista colli costE) for the attachment of the anterior costotransverse ligament; its inferior border is rounded. On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminencebthe tubercle; it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs." [Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001560 ! neck of organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010388 {source="PMID:15906248"} ! proximal segment of rib
synonym: "rib neck" EXACT [FMA:7576]
synonym: "collum costae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib]
xref: FMA:7576 ! neck of rib
xref: SCTID:263359009 ! Entire neck of rib
synonym: "collum costae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray122.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002231
name: body of rib
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "rib body" EXACT []
synonym: "rib shaft" EXACT []
synonym: "shaft of rib" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7577 ! Body of rib
xref: MA:0001416 ! rib shaft
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_Shaft ! Rib Shaft
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010388 {source="PMID:15906248"} ! proximal segment of rib
xref: SCTID:263361000 ! Entire shaft of rib
xref: UMLS:C0448161

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011651
name: ventral head of rib
def: "Ventral head of a bicapitate rib. It articulates with the parapophysis[AAO]." [AAO:0000723]
comment: Taxon notes: Ribs of primitive tetrapods are bicipital (having two heads)[Kardong].
synonym: "capitulum of rib" EXACT [AAO:0000723]
synonym: "capitulum" NARROW []
synonym: "costal capitulum" EXACT []
synonym: "capitulum of costa" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002230 ! head of rib
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003109 ! parapophysis
xref: AAO:0000723 ! capitulum of rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011652
name: dorsal head of rib
def: "Dorsal head of a bicapitate rib. It articulates with the diapophysis[AAO]." [AAO:0000722]
comment: Taxon notes: Ribs of primitive tetrapods are bicipital (having two heads)[Kardong]. Terminology notes: sometimes called the tuberculum, but not to be confused with the tubercle, which is between body and neck
synonym: "tuberculum" BROAD [AAO:0000722]
synonym: "tuberculum of rib" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002230 ! head of rib
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0011653 ! diapophysis of rib
xref: AAO:0000722 ! tuberculum
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002235 ! tubercle of rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011653 ! diapophysis of rib
name: diapophysis of rib
def: "Paired processes that arise near the midpoint of the neural arch lamina, for the attachment of the tuberculum of two-headed ribs. Also called transverse processes. In anurans, the term diapophysis is used in reference to the modified transverse processes of the sacral vertebra elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle." [AAO:0000706]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 {source="AAO"} ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 {source="Kardong"} ! neural arch
xref: AAO:0000706 ! diapophysis
synonym: "diapophysis" EXACT [AAO:0000706]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002235
name: tubercle of rib
def: "The tubercle of a rib is an eminence on the posterior surface, at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border. It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs[WP]." [Wikipedia:Tubercle_(rib)]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "rib tubercle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7583 ! Tubercle of rib
xref: MA:0001417 ! rib tubercle
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_Tubercle ! Rib Tubercle
intersection_of: UBERON:0005813 ! tubercle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002231 ! body of rib
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002231 {source="FMA"} ! body of rib
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010388 {source="PMID:15906248"} ! proximal segment of rib
xref: SCTID:361104005 ! Entire tubercle of rib
xref: UMLS:C0222809

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007843
name: uncinate process of ribs
def: "A posterior projection from proximal rib segments. Offers attachment sites for respiratory and shoulder muscles as well as adding structural support to the trunk skeleton[Kardong 2012]." [Wikipedia:Uncinate_processes_of_ribs, ISBN10:0073040584, PHENOSCAPE:ad]
comment: WP: Although bony uncinate processes are unique to birds, cartilaginous uncinate processes are present in crocodiles. The uncinate process has also been reported in Sphenodon, Caudipteryx, oviraptorids, Confuciusornis and Chaoyangia however it does not occur in Archaeopteryx
synonym: "uncinate process" BROAD INCONSISTENT [AAO:0000741]
xref: AAO:0000741 ! uncinate process
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010388 {source="Kardong"} ! proximal segment of rib
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8827 {source="PMID:15755883"} ! Anhimidae
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010373 ! uncinate process of pancreas
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010372 ! uncinate process of ethmoid
property_value: external_definition "Posteriorly directed process (occasionally directed anteriorly) usually associated with the rib (sometimes with the transverse process) of the third vertebra; they provide the origin of the mm serratus superior, medius, and inferior.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000741", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010372 ! uncinate process of ethmoid
name: uncinate process of ethmoid
def: "In the ethmoid bone, a curved lamina, the uncinate process, projects downward and backward from this part of the labyrinth; it forms a small part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, and articulates with the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha." [Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone]
synonym: "uncinate process" BROAD INCONSISTENT [SCTID:306373001]
synonym: "processus uncinatus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone]
synonym: "uncinate process of the ethmoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone]
synonym: "uncinate process of the ethmoid bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical projection
xref: FMA:57455 ! uncinate process of ethmoid
xref: SCTID:306373001 ! Uncinate process
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010373 ! uncinate process of pancreas
synonym: "processus uncinatus ossis ethmoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Processus_uncinatus_ossis_ethmoidalis.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012278 ! nasal gland
name: nasal gland
def: "The nasal glands are the seromucous glands in the respiratory region of the nasal mucous membrane. The three major types of nasal glands are anterior serous glands, seromucous glands, and Bowman glands." [Wikipedia:Nasal_glands]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
xref: SCTID:368881007 ! Entire nasal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Nose_Nasal_Cavity_Nasal_Gland_MMHCC ! mouse nasal gland
xref: UMLS:C1522269

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002232
name: olfactory gland
def: "Bowman's glands (aka olfactory glands, glands of Bowman) are situated in the olfactory mucosa, beneath the olfactory epithelium, in the lamina propria, a connective tissue also containing fibroblasts, blood vessels, and bundles of fine axons from the olfactory neurons. The structure of the Bowman's glands consists of an acinus in the lamina propria and a secretory duct going out through the olfactory epithelium. Electron microscopy studies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles.[2] Bowman's glands might secrete proteins such as Lysozyme, amylase and IgA similarly to serous glands. The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that Bowman's glands do not produce odorant binding protein[WP]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_glands]
synonym: "olfactory gland of Bowman" EXACT []
synonym: "Bowman's gland" RELATED []
xref: FMA:75801 ! Olfactory gland
xref: MA:0000287 ! olfactory gland
xref: BTO:0001697 ! olfactory gland
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001997 ! olfactory epithelium
xref: AAO:0010162 ! Bowman's gland
xref: SCTID:368891001 ! Entire olfactory gland
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glandulae olfactoriae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olfactory_glands]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray857.png
property_value: external_definition "Multicellular mucous glands of the olfactory epithelium, present only in adults.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010162", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013233
name: supraorbital gland
def: "The supraorbital gland is a type of lateral nasal gland found in some species of marine birds, particularly penguins, which removes sodium chloride from the bloodstream. The gland's function is similar to that of the kidneys, though it is much more efficient at removing salt, allowing Penguins to survive without access to fresh water. Contrary to popular belief, the gland does not directly convert saltwater to freshwater. The term supraorbital refers to the area just above the eye socket (which is known as the orbit of the eye. ) Living in saltwater environments would naturally pose a large problem for penguins because the ingestion of saltwater would be detrimental to a penguin's health. Although penguins do not directly drink water, it is taken in when they engulf prey. As a result, saltwater enters their system and must be effectively excreted. The supraorbital gland has thus enabled the penguins' survival in such environments due to its water-filtering capability. The gland is located just above the eyes and surrounds a capillary in the head. This capillary constantly strains out the salt in the saltwater that a penguin takes in. Since the byproduct of the gland has roughly five times as much salt as would normally be found in the animal's fluids, the supraorbital gland is highly efficient. The penguin excretes the salt byproduct as a brine through its bill. Often, the fluid drips out, and this gives the appearance of a runny nose. However, the fluid may also be sneezed out. In the absence of saltwater, caused by captivity, the supraorbital gland will lie dormant as it has no other purpose. Having a dormant supraorbital gland does not negatively affect the health of a penguin." [Wikipedia:Supraorbital_gland]
is_a: UBERON:0012278 ! nasal gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000398
name: cartilage tissue of sternum
def: "Any portion of cartilage tissue that is part of the sternum" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Examples: cartilage of manubrium, cartilage of xiphoid process
synonym: "cartilage of sternum" EXACT [FMA:32567]
xref: FMA:32567 ! Cartilage of sternum
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002236
name: costal cartilage
def: "The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Costal_cartilage]
synonym: "sternal cartilage" RELATED [BTO:0001721]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:7591 ! Costal cartilage
xref: MA:0000106 ! costal cartilage
xref: BTO:0001721 ! sternal cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Costal_Cartilage ! Costal Cartilage
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1g3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! costal cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gray315.png/200px-Gray315.png
synonym: "cartilago costalis" RELATED [BTO:0001721]
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: SCTID:244703004 ! Entire costal cartilage
synonym: "cartilagines costales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Costal_cartilage]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Gray315.png
xref: UMLS:C0222787

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002237
name: true rib
def: "A rib that is ventrally connected to the sternum." [Wikipedia:True_ribs, ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "costa vera" EXACT []
synonym: "costae verae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:True_ribs]
xref: FMA:7592 ! True rib
xref: MA:0001419 ! true rib
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4-iWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4-iWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! true rib
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray115.png/200px-Gray115.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
xref: SCTID:368044009 ! Entire true rib
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Gray115.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002238
name: false rib
def: "A rib that is not directly ventrally connected to the sternum." [Wikipedia:False_rib, ISBN10:0073040584]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "asternal ribs" RELATED [Wikipedia:False_ribs]
synonym: "costae spuriae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:False_ribs]
synonym: "costa spuria" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7594 ! False rib
xref: MA:0001398 ! false rib
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwLzzTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! false rib
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray115.png/200px-Gray115.png
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002237 ! true rib
xref: SCTID:368045005 ! Entire false rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002239
name: floating rib
def: "A rib that is not connected to sternum or sternal cartilage." [Wikipedia:Floating_rib, ISBN10:0073040584]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "costa fluitante" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "vertebral rib" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7595 ! Floating rib
xref: MA:0001399 ! floating rib
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaPCWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaPCWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! floating rib
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Skeleton_woman_back.png/200px-Skeleton_woman_back.png
is_a: UBERON:0002238 ! false rib
xref: SCTID:368046006 ! Entire floating rib
synonym: "costae fluctuantes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Floating_rib]
synonym: "costae fluitantes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Floating_rib]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Skeleton_woman_back.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002243
name: cutaneous vein
def: "one of a number of veins in the subcutaneous tissue that empty into deep veins" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cutaneous+vein]
comment: AO notes: GAT in FMA
xref: FMA:76720 ! Cutaneous vein
xref: MA:0002098 ! cutaneous vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Cutaneous_Vein ! Cutaneous Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002072 ! hypodermis
xref: UMLS:C1185726

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011628 ! early premaxilla
name: early premaxilla
is_a: UBERON:0007842 {source="EHDAA2"} ! membrane bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010334 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009526 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong"} ! dermatocranium
xref: EHDAA2:0001495 ! early premaxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla
alt_id: UBERON:0002253
name: premaxilla
def: "One of the bones of the upper jaw situated between and in front of the maxillae[VHOG]." [Wikipedia:Premaxilla, VHOG:0000426, Wikipedia:Incisive_bone]
comment: Editors note: requires checking embryonic vs adult; isa fetal organ part in FMA; adult bone of upper jaw in AAO and ZFA; split. Note that we have loops if we add develops_from UBERON:0005620 {source="EHDAA2"} ! primary palate
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "incisive bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Incisive_bone]
synonym: "premaxillae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "premaxillary" EXACT [PHENOSCAPE:ad]
synonym: "premaxillary bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premaxilla]
synonym: "premaxilla bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premaxilla]
synonym: "os incisivum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premaxilla]
xref: AAO:0000461 ! premaxilla
xref: EHDAA:6962 ! premaxilla
xref: EHDAA:8033 ! premaxilla
xref: FMA:76869 ! Premaxilla
xref: FMA:77231 ! Incisive bone
xref: VHOG:0000426 ! premaxilla
xref: MA:0001493 ! premaxilla
xref: TAO:0000567 ! premaxilla
xref: ZFA:0000567 ! premaxilla
xref: EMAPA:17641 ! premaxilla of maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:19033 ! premaxilla of skeleton of upper jaw
xref: EMAPA:17933 ! premaxilla of upper jaw
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011628 ! early premaxilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 {source="VHOG"} ! skeleton of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong"} ! dermatocranium
property_value: external_definition "Paired, intramembranous bones located at the anterior end of the skull; they form the anterior-most segment of the maxillary arch.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000461", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: SCTID:308884009 ! Entire premaxillary bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Gray160.png
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that forms the anteriormost element of the upper jaw. It articulates with the maxilla posterodorsally and its antimere medially. The premaxilla is paired.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000567", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-premaxillary joint (TAO:0001676)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000567", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps inter-premaxillary joint (TAO:0001950)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000567", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps premaxillary-maxillary joint (TAO:0002260)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000567", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: external_definition "One of the bones of the upper jaw situated between and in front of the maxillae. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000426", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) in all higher vertebrates a premaxilla is present (...) (reference 1); Although the presence of a tooth-bearing outer buccal arcade (premaxilla, maxilla, dentary) is cited as a common character of Osteichthyes, dipnoans lack all three bones (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000426", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S0022215100025585 O'Malley JF\, Evolution of the nasal cavities and sinuses in relation to function. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1924)\, ISBN:978-3540428541 Kapoor BG\, Bhavna Khanna\, Ichthyology Handbook (2004) p.105", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002245
name: hemisphere of cerebellum
def: "A paired regions of the cerebellum that lie outside and lateral to the central vermis[MP]. The cerebellum consists of three parts, a median and two lateral, which are continuous with each other, and are substantially the same in structure. The median portion is constricted, and is called the vermis, from its annulated appearance which it owes to the transverse ridges and furrows upon it; the lateral expanded portions are named the hemispheres. The lateral hemisphere is considered the portion of the cerebellum to develop most recently. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_hemisphere, MP:0009959]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cerebellar hemispheres" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "cerebellar hemisphere" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellum hemisphere" EXACT []
synonym: "hemisphere of cerebellum [H II - H X]" EXACT []
xref: FMA:76925 ! Hemisphere of cerebellum
xref: MA:0000200 ! cerebellar hemisphere
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1575 ! Cerebellar hemisphere
xref: ABA:HEM ! Hemispheric regions
is_a: UBERON:0002946 ! regional part of cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
synonym: "hemispherium cerebelli [hII-hX]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76925]
xref: ncithesaurus:Hemisphere_of_the_Cerebellum ! Hemisphere of the Cerebellum
xref: SCTID:362411002 ! Entire cerebellar hemisphere
synonym: "hemispherium cerebelli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_hemisphere]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png
xref: UMLS:C0228465

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002246
name: dorsal thoracic nucleus
def: "." [Wikipedia:Clarke's_column]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Clarke's column" EXACT []
synonym: "Clarke's nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior thoracic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord dorsal nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "Stilling-Clarke's column" EXACT []
synonym: "Stilling-Clarke's nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77023 ! Dorsal thoracic nucleus
xref: MA:0001121 ! spinal cord dorsal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002256 ! dorsal horn of spinal cord
synonym: "nucleus thoracicus posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77023]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010279 ! pericardial sinus
name: pericardial sinus
def: "There are two Pericardial sinuses: transverse and oblique. The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium and is known as the oblique sinus. . The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardiabi.e. , between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behindbis termed the transverse sinus. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside. Can be used to pass ligature during cardiac surgery." [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
synonym: "oblique pericardial" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
synonym: "oblique pericardial sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
synonym: "oblique sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
synonym: "pericardial sinuses" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
synonym: "transverse pericardial" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
synonym: "transverse pericardial sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010277 {source="MA-abduced"} ! mesocardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001074 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! pericardial cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png
xref: SCTID:314273005 ! Pericardial sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002248
name: transverse pericardial sinus
def: "The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardia —i.e., between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behind. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Thiele's canal" EXACT  [FMA:77132]
synonym: "transverse sinus of pericardial cavity" EXACT  [FMA:77132]
synonym: "transverse sinus" BROAD []
xref: EHDAA:796 ! transverse pericardial sinus
xref: FMA:77132 ! Transverse pericardial sinus
xref: MA:0001880 ! transverse pericardial sinus
xref: EHDAA2:0002077 ! transverse pericardial sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray489.png/200px-Gray489.png
xref: EMAPA:16214 ! transverse pericardial sinus
is_a: UBERON:0010279 ! pericardial sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005601 {source="MA"} ! dorsal mesocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010283
name: oblique pericardial sinus
def: "The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pericardial_sinus]
synonym: "oblique sinus of pericardial cavity" EXACT  [FMA:77133]
is_a: UBERON:0010279 ! pericardial sinus
xref: FMA:77133 ! oblique pericardial sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002249
name: median artery
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:77142 ! Median artery
xref: MA:0001999 ! median artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Median_Artery ! Median Artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: UMLS:C0687034

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002250
name: popliteal artery
def: "In human anatomy, the popliteal artery is defined as the extension of the 'superficial' femoral artery after passing through the adductor canal and adductor hiatus above the knee. The termination of the popliteal artery is its bifurcation into the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery. The popliteal artery, through numerous smaller branches, supplies blood to the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf. It is accompanied, along its length, by the popliteal vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Popliteal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77155 ! Popliteal artery
xref: GAID:504 ! popliteal artery
xref: MA:0002021 ! popliteal artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvduV6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Popliteal_Artery ! Popliteal Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvduV6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! popliteal artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Popliteal_artery.png/200px-Popliteal_artery.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.681 ! popliteal artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:181350008 ! Entire popliteal artery
synonym: "arteria poplitea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Popliteal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Popliteal_artery.png
xref: UMLS:C0032649

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002251
name: iliocostalis muscle
def: "The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "lateral column of erector spinae" RELATED []
synonym: "iliocostalis" EXACT []
synonym: "iliocostal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus iliocostalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77177 ! Iliocostalis
xref: MA:0002319 ! iliocostalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliocostal_Muscle ! iliocostal muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Iliostalis.png/200px-Iliostalis.png
xref: SCTID:244854008  ! Entire iliocostalis muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002462 {source="Wikipedia"} ! erector spinae
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0006839 {source="dbpedia"} ! posterior ramus of spinal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="Ribs"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003690 {source="dbpedia", notes="Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae"} ! sacrum
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae"} ! spinous process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Iliostalis.png
xref: UMLS:C0224304

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008546
name: iliocostalis cervicis muscle
def: "The iliocostalis cervicis (cervicalis ascendens) arises from the angles of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs, and is inserted into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae.." [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis#Iliocostalis_cervicis]
synonym: "iliocostalis cervicis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "cervicalis ascendens" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "cervicalis ascendens muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
is_a: UBERON:0002251 {source="FMA"} ! iliocostalis
xref: FMA:22704 ! iliocostalis cervicis
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0006839 {source="dbpedia"} ! posterior ramus of spinal nerve
xref: SCTID:244851000 ! Entire splenius cervicis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001400
name: iliocostalis thoracis muscle
def: "The iliocostalis dorsi (musculus accessorius; iliocostalis thoracis) arises by flattened tendons from the upper borders of the angles of the lower six ribs medial to the tendons of insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum; these become muscular, and are inserted into the upper borders of the angles of the upper six ribs and into the back of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra." [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis#Iliocostalis_thoracis]
synonym: "musculus accessorius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "iliocostalis thoracis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "iliocostalis thoracis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
xref: FMA:22703 ! Iliocostalis thoracis
xref: MA:0002320 ! iliocostalis thoracis
is_a: UBERON:0002251 ! iliocostalis
xref: SCTID:244856005 ! Entire iliocostalis thoracis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011207
name: iliocostalis lumborum
def: "The iliocostalis lumborum (iliocostalis muscle; sacrolumbalis muscle) is inserted, by six or seven flattened tendons, into the inferior borders of the angles of the lower six or seven ribs." [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis#Iliocostalis_lumborum]
synonym: "sacrolumbalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "sacrolumbalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
is_a: UBERON:0002251 {source="FMA"} ! iliocostalis
xref: FMA:22702 ! iliocostalis lumborum
xref: SCTID:244855009 ! Entire iliocostalis lumborum muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002252
name: splenius
def: "." [Wikipedia:Splenius]
synonym: "splenius muscle" EXACT []
comment: Muscle of neck in NA
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77180 ! Splenius
xref: MA:0002382 ! splenius
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenius ! Splenius
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
xref: UMLS:C1185944

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002254
name: thyroglossal duct
def: "The thyroglossal duct is an embryological anatomical structure forming an open connection between the initial area of development of the thyroid gland and its final position. The thyroid gland starts developing in the oropharynx in the fetus and descends to its final position taking a path through the tongue, hyoid bone and neck muscles. The connection between its original position and its final position is the thyroglossal duct. This duct normally atrophies and closes off before birth but can remain open in some people. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thyroglossal_duct]
synonym: "ductus thyreoglossus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Thyroglossal_duct]
comment: FMA treats this as vestigial
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77274 ! Thyroglossal duct
xref: VHOG:0000746 ! thyroglossal duct
xref: MA:0000130 ! thyroglossal duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroglossal_Duct ! Thyroglossal Duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Illu08_thyroid.jpg/200px-Illu08_thyroid.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17070 ! thyroglossal duct of thyroid of gland of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18833 ! thyroglossal duct of thyroid of gland of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
is_a: UBERON:0006590 ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
xref: SCTID:308822005 ! Entire thyroglossal duct
synonym: "ductus thyroglossalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroglossal_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Illu08_thyroid.jpg
property_value: external_definition "An embryonic duct extending between the thyroid primordium and the posterior tongue. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000746", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thyroglossal+duct", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "A duct, called the thyroglossal duct in mammals, is considered to be characteristic of thyroid development. The thyroglossal duct, degenerating in many species during late development, marks the way the thyroid primordium relocates during embryonic development from the pharynx to its position deep in the cervical mesenchyme. We cannot exclude that the duct of the endostyle and the thyroglossal duct may have evolved independently, but as they both represent a more or less persistent connection of the organ to the pharynx, it is likely that they are homologous structures.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000746", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1007/s00427-004-0450-0 Kluge B\, Renault N\, Rohr KB\, Anatomical and molecular reinvestigation of lamprey endostyle development provides new insight into thyroid gland evolution. Development genes and evolution (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231104

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009954 ! vomeronasal system
name: vomeronasal system
def: "a vertebrate nasal chemosensory system that is responsible for detecting intraspecific pheromonal cues as well as environmental odorants" []
comment: Editor note: check relationship to olfactory system. Evolution: The morphological components of the VNS are found only in tetrapods, but the genetic components of the system have been found in teleost fish, in addition to tetrapods. In tetrapods, the VNS was thought to be the olfactory system for detecting pheromones, while the main olfactory system detected general odorants (Scalia and Winans 1975). However, experimental evidence suggests that there is not such a clear functional distinction (Restrepo et al. 2004; Baxi, Dorries, and Eisthen 2006; Spehr et al. 2006; Kelliher 2007). Sea lampreys produce unique bile acids which act as pheromones both in migration and mate finding (Li, Sorensen, and Gallaher 1995; Li et al. 2002; Siefkes and Li 2004). However, bile acids in teleost fish are known to require components of the main olfactory signal transduction pathway (Hansen et al. 2003), and interruption of the VNS signal transduction pathway had no effect on bile acid olfactory response (Hansen et al. 2003)[Grus - EVOLUTION OF THE VOMERONASAL SYSTEM VIEWED THROUGH SYSTEM-SPECIFIC GENES]
is_a: UBERON:0001032 ! sensory system
relationship: capable_of GO:0043695 {source="Wikipedia"} ! detection of pheromone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005725 ! olfactory system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002255
name: vomeronasal organ
def: "The vomeronasal organ (VNO), or Jacobson's organ, is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals. It was discovered by Ludwig Jacobson in 1813. During embryological development, it forms from the nasal (olfactory) placode, at the anterior edge of the neural plate. It is a chemoreceptor organ which is completely separated from the nasal cavity the majority of the time, being enclosed in a separate bony or cartilaginous capsule which opens into the base of the nasal cavity. It is a tubular crescent shape and split into two pairs, separated by the nasal septum. It is the first processing stage of the accessory olfactory system, after which chemical stimuli go to the accessory olfactory bulb, then to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus. The vomeronasal organ is mainly used to detect pheromones, chemical messengers that carry information between individuals of the same species, hence is sometimes referred to as the 'sixth sense. ' The VNO has two separate types of neuronal receptors, V1R and V2R, which are seven-transmembrane receptors that are coupled to G proteins. The receptors are distinct from each other and form the large family of receptors in the main olfactory system. Evidence shows that the VNO responds to nonvolatile cues which stimulate the receptor neurons. Information is then transferred to the accessory olfactory bulb as well as other centres of the brain such as the anterior part of the hypothalamus. Its presence in many animals has been widely studied and the importance of the vomeronasal system to the role of reproduction and social behavior (through influence on anterior hypothalamus) has been shown in many studies. Its presence and functionality in humans is widely controversial, though most studies agree the organ regresses during fetal development. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_organ, Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_organ]
comment: Taxon notes: Generally formed only in tetrapods; lungfish have rudimentary VN organs; true VN organs are not normally found in recent fishes, birds, aquatic reptiles, aquatic mammals (Bertmar 1980). Humans: Its presence in many animals has been widely studied and the importance of the vomeronasal system to the role of reproduction and social behavior (through influence on anterior hypothalamus) has been shown in many studies. Its presence and functionality in humans was controversial, though most studies agree the organ regresses during fetal development. Many genes essential for VNO function in animals (such as TRPC2) are non-functional in humans (Liman ER. Use it or lose it: molecular evolution of sensory signaling in primates. Pflugers Arch. 2006;453(2):125-31.)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Jacobson's organ" EXACT [XAO:0000272]
synonym: "organ of Jacobsen" RELATED []
synonym: "organum vomeronasale" EXACT [BTO:0002608]
synonym: "organon vomeronasale" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:7865 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: FMA:77280 ! Vomeronasal organ
xref: GAID:354 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: VHOG:0000665 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: MA:0000289 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: BTO:0002608 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: EFO:0001934 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: EHDAA2:0002211 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gray51.png/200px-Gray51.png
xref: XAO:0000272 ! Jacobson's organ
xref: EMAPA:17612 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: MESH:A04.531.591.940 ! vomeronasal organ
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009954 ! vomeronasal system
relationship: capable_of GO:0043695 {source="Wikipedia"} ! detection of pheromone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003050 {source="Wikipedia"} ! olfactory placode
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0009714 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! intermaxillary process
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda
xref: AAO:0000997 ! vomeronasal organ
xref: SCTID:361346007 ! Entire vomeronasal organ
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "organum vomeronasale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_organ]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Gray51.png
synonym: "VNO" RELATED [VHOG:0000665]
property_value: external_definition "An organ thought to supplement the olfactory system in receiving pheromonic communication. The sensory part of the organ is in two long, thin sacs, situated on either side of the nasal septum at its base. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000665", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vomeronasal+organ", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) the vomeronasal organ is known only in some tetrapods. It is absent in most turtles, crocodiles, birds, some bats, and aquatic mammals. In amphibians, it is in a recessed area off the main nasal cavity. (...) In mammals possesing this organ, it is an isolated area of olfactory membrane within the nasal cavity that is usually connected to the mouth via the nasopalatine duct (reference 1); The opinions concerning the presence and functioning of the vomeronasal organ in humans are controversial. The vomeronasal cavities appear early in human foetuses. (...) Historical examination of the nasal septum revealed the presence of vomeronasal cavities in approximately 70% of adults. In contrast to the situation in other mammals, the organ is not supported by a rigid tube of bone or cartilage (reference 2); (...) the best evidence for the homology of the human VNO to that of other primates (and of mammals in general) is ontogenetic in nature, based on a common embryonic origin from a thickening (vomeronasal primordium) on the medial aspect of each olfactory pit (reference 3); (...) suggesting that lungfish possess a region homologous to the accessory olfactory bulb of tetrapods. Based on these results, it seems appropriate to refer to the recess epithelium as a primordium of the vomeronasal organ (reference 4). [debated][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000665", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.669 (ref.1)\, PMID:9866877 Doving KB\, Trotier D\, Review: Structure and function of the vomeronasal organ. The Journal of Experimental Biology (1998) (ref.2)\, DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19810077.x Smith TD\, Siegel MI\, Bonar CJ\, Bhatnagar KP\, Mooney MP\, Burrows AM\, Smith MA\, Maico LM\, The existence of the vomeronasal organ in postnatal chimpanzees and evidence for its homology with that of humans. J Anat (2001) (ref.3) \, DOI:10.1002/ar.22415 Nakamuta S\, Nakamuta N\, Taniguchi K\, Taniguchi K\, Histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the primordial vomeronasal organ in lungfish. Anat Rec (Hoboken) (2012) (ref.4)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003367 ! epithelium of vomeronasal organ
name: epithelium of vomeronasal organ
def: "An epithelium that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Jacobson's organ epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Jacobson's organ epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of Jacobson's organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of vomeronasal organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of Jacobson's organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vomeronasal organ epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vomeronasal organ epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vomeronasal organ sensory epithelium" EXACT [MA:0001328]
synonym: "vomeronasal epithelium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004102]
xref: EMAPA:18444 ! epithelium of vomeronasal organ
xref: MA:0001328 ! vomeronasal organ sensory epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004102 ! vomeronasal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001997 {source="EHDAA2"} ! olfactory epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002255 ! vomeronasal organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007822
name: vomeronasal cartilage
def: "The vomeronasal cartilage (or Jacobson's cartilage) is a narrow strip of cartilage, low on the medial wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the cartilaginous nasal septum and the vomer. The cartilage lies below, but is not connected to, the rudimentary vomeronasal organ of Jacobson[WP]." [Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_cartilage]
synonym: "Huschke's cartilage" EXACT  [FMA:59514]
synonym: "Jacobson's cartilage" EXACT  [FMA:59514]
xref: FMA:59514 ! Vomeronasal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage
xref: SCTID:368123006 ! Entire vomeronasal cartilage
synonym: "cartilago vomeronasalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_cartilage]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Gray51.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003421
name: mesenchyme of vomeronasal organ
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Jacobson's organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of Jacobson's organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vomeronasal organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18445 ! mesenchyme of vomeronasal organ
xref: EHDAA2:0004103 ! vomeronasal mesenchyme
synonym: "vomeronasal mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004103]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002255 ! vomeronasal organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009204 {source="EHDAA2"} ! medial nasal process mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009121
name: vomeronasal nerve
def: "Nerve carrying fibers from the vomeronasal organ to the accessory olfactory bulb[AAO]. originates in the olfactory epithelial cells of Jacobson's organ, and that passes through the submucous tissue of the nasal septum and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulb[BTO]." [AAO:DSM, BTO:0001351, ISBN10:0471888893]
comment: in the human this disappears before birth
is_a: UBERON:0001785 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! cranial nerve
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003367 {source="Wikipedia"} ! epithelium of vomeronasal organ
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002264 ! olfactory bulb
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003050 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! olfactory placode
xref: AAO:0010608 ! vomeronasal nerve
xref: BTO:0001351 ! vomeronasal nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005018 ! Vomeronasal nerve
property_value: external_definition "Nerve carrying fibers from the vomeronasal organ to the accessory olfactory bulb.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010608", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:DSM"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002318
name: white matter of spinal cord
def: "the regions of the spinal cord that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites." [MP:0008027]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "spinal cord white matter" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord white matter of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord white substance" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "white matter of neuraxis of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "white substance of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:83945 ! White matter of spinal cord
xref: MA:0000910 ! spinal cord white matter
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:White_Matter_of_the_Spinal_Cord ! White Matter of the Spinal Cord
xref: SCTID:279436006 ! Entire spinal cord white matter
xref: UMLS:C0458457

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006127 ! funiculus of spinal cord
name: funiculus of spinal cord
synonym: "spinal cord funiculus" EXACT [FMA:77460]
synonym: "white column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:77460]
xref: FMA:77460 ! funiculus of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0006080 ! segment of white matter of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0006133 ! funiculus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002258 ! dorsal funiculus
name: dorsal funiculus
def: "The portion of the medulla spinalis which lies between the posterolateral sulcus and the posterior median sulcus is named the posterior funiculus. This area includes the dorsal columns (also called the posterior columns) which contains the fasciculus gracilis and, higher in the body, the fasciculus cuneatus, which are separated by a partition of glial cells. Histologically, these two fasciculi are on other sides of the dorsal intermediate sulcus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_funiculus]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior funiculus" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal white column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:77461]
synonym: "posterior white column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:77461]
synonym: "funiculus dorsalis" EXACT [ZFA:0000501]
xref: FMA:77461 ! Dorsal funiculus of spinal cord
xref: TAO:0000501 ! dorsal funiculus
xref: ZFA:0000501 ! dorsal funiculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0006127 ! funiculus of spinal cord
synonym: "funiculus posterior medullae spinalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77461]
xref: SCTID:362432005 ! Entire dorsal funiculus
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002318 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! white matter of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002179 ! lateral funiculus
name: lateral funiculus
def: "The most lateral of the bundles of the anterior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line that separates the antero-lateral region into two parts, viz. , an anterior funiculus, between the anterior median fissure and the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots; and a lateral funiculus, between the exit of these roots and the postero-lateral sulcus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_funiculus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral white column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:74000]
xref: FMA:74000 ! Lateral funiculus of spinal cord
xref: TAO:0000533 ! lateral funiculus
xref: ZFA:0000533 ! lateral funiculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0006127 ! funiculus of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:362434006 ! Entire lateral funiculus
synonym: "funiculus lateralis medullae spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_funiculus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002180 ! ventral funiculus
name: ventral funiculus
def: "The most lateral of the bundles of the anterior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line that separates the antero-lateral region into two parts, viz. , an anterior funiculus, between the anterior median fissure and the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots; and a lateral funiculus, between the exit of these roots and the postero-lateral sulcus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_funiculus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior funiculus" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior white column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:74003]
synonym: "ventral white column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:74003]
xref: FMA:74003 ! Ventral funiculus of spinal cord
xref: TAO:0000605 ! ventral funiculus
xref: ZFA:0000605 ! ventral funiculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0006127 ! funiculus of spinal cord
synonym: "funiculus anterior medullae spinalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74003]
xref: SCTID:362429007 ! Entire ventral funiculus
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002318 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! white matter of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006080 ! segment of white matter of spinal cord
name: segment of white matter of spinal cord
xref: FMA:258174 ! segment of white matter of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0002318 ! white matter of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002256
name: dorsal horn of spinal cord
def: "the pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO]." [Wikipedia:Posterior_horn_of_spinal_cord, GO:0021516, MP:0006282, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=36855&atid=440764]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal grey column of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal spinal cord" BROAD []
synonym: "dorsal region of spinal cord" BROAD []
synonym: "dorsal region of mature spinal cord" BROAD []
synonym: "posterior horn of spinal cord" EXACT [Wikipedia:Posterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]
synonym: "posterior grey column of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord dorsal horn" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord dorsal horns" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "dorsal gray column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256530]
synonym: "dorsal gray matter of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256530]
synonym: "posterior gray column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256530]
synonym: "posterior gray horn of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256530]
synonym: "dorsal horn spinal cord" EXACT [ZFA:0000649]
synonym: "cornu dorsale" EXACT [ZFA:0000649]
synonym: "dorsal horn" BROAD [ZFA:0000649]
synonym: "dorsal gray horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2667]
synonym: "spinal cord posterior horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2667]
synonym: "dorsal grey horn" BROAD [EMAPA:18574]
synonym: "cornu posterius medullae spinalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]
xref: FMA:256530 ! Dorsal gray column of spinal cord
xref: VHOG:0001287 ! spinal cord dorsal horn
xref: MA:0001119 ! spinal cord dorsal horn
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2667 ! Spinal cord dorsal horn
xref: ZFA:0000649 ! dorsal horn spinal cord
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18574 ! dorsal grey horn
xref: BM:SpC-DH ! dorsal horn
is_a: UBERON:0001948 ! regional part of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002315 ! gray matter of spinal cord
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="GO"} ! proprioception
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002315 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! gray matter of spinal cord
relationship: has_part CL:0000101 ! sensory neuron
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Horn_of_the_Spinal_Cord ! Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord
xref: SCTID:180961004 ! Entire dorsal spinal cord
xref: TAO:0000649 ! dorsal horn spinal cord
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg
xref: UMLS:C0228575

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002257
name: ventral horn of spinal cord
def: "the ventral grey column of the spinal cord[MP]. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output[GO]." [GO:0021517, MP:0005112, Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=36855&atid=440764]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior grey column of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord ventral horn" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral region of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral grey column of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral gray column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256541]
synonym: "anterior gray column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256541]
synonym: "anterior gray horn of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256541]
synonym: "ventral gray matter of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256541]
synonym: "ventral horn spinal cord" EXACT [ZFA:0000702]
synonym: "anterior horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2668]
synonym: "spinal cord anterior horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2668]
synonym: "ventral grey horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2668]
synonym: "ventral horns spinal cord" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0001288]
synonym: "anterior column" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]
synonym: "anterior column of the spinal cord" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]
synonym: "anterior horn (spinal cord)" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]
synonym: "cornu anterius medullae spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]
xref: VHOG:0001288 ! spinal cord ventral horn
xref: MA:0001134 ! spinal cord ventral horn
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2668 ! Spinal cord ventral horn
xref: FMA:256541 ! Ventral gray column of spinal cord
xref: ZFA:0000702 ! ventral horn spinal cord
xref: EMAPA:18575 ! ventral grey horn
is_a: UBERON:0001948 ! regional part of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002315 ! gray matter of spinal cord
relationship: has_part CL:0000100 ! motor neuron
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002315 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! gray matter of spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Ventral_Horn_of_the_Spinal_Cord ! Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord
xref: SCTID:279443000 ! Entire anterior gray horn of spinal cord
xref: TAO:0000702 ! ventral horn spinal cord
xref: UMLS:C0228590
property_value: external_definition "The anterior horn of the spinal cord (or anterior cornu, or anterior column, or ventral horn) is the ventral (front) grey matter section of the spinal cord. The anterior horn contains motor neurons that affect the axial muscles while the posterior horn receives information regarding touch and sensation. The anterior horn is where the cell bodies of alpha motorneurons are located[Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_spinal_cord"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005373 ! spinal cord dorsal column
name: spinal cord dorsal column
def: "area of white matter in the dorsomedial side of the spinal cord. It is made up of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus and itself is part of the dorsal funiculus. It is part of an ascending pathway that is important for well-localized fine touch and conscious proprioception called the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway[WP]. The dorsal portion of the gray substance of the spinal cord, in transverse section seen as a horn[TFD]. The dorsal column is a part of the spinal cord which is responsible for transporting sensory input from the body to the cerebral cortex. This part of the spinal cord is key in perceiving fine touch, such as that used to distinguish textures, along with vibration. The dorsal column also contributes to the body's system of proprioception, used to orient the body in space and to coordinate muscle movements, given information about the body's position." [Wikipedia:Posterior_column]
comment: TODO - relationship with dorsal horn?
synonym: "dorsal column" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal column of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior column" EXACT [Wikipedia:Posterior_column]
synonym: "spinal cord posterior column" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002749 ! spinal cord dorsal column
xref: EV:0100317 ! dorsal column
is_a: UBERON:0002318 ! white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002258 ! dorsal funiculus
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Column ! Posterior Column
xref: VHOG:0001623 ! spinal cord dorsal column
property_value: external_definition "The dorsolateral ridge of gray matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001623", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/posterior+column+of+spinal+cord", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0458459

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006079 ! subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column
name: subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column
subset: non_informative
synonym: "segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord" RELATED [FMA:258190]
xref: FMA:258190 ! Segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0006080 ! segment of white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005373 ! spinal cord dorsal column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005839
name: thoracic spinal cord dorsal column
synonym: "thoracic spinal cord posterior column" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1442]
synonym: "thoracic segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258178]
synonym: "dorsal funiculus of thoracic segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258178]
synonym: "dorsal white column of thoracic segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258178]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1442 ! Thoracic spinal cord dorsal column
xref: FMA:258178 ! thoracic segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0006079 ! subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003038 ! thoracic spinal cord
def: "A subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column that is part of a thoracic spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005840
name: sacral spinal cord dorsal column
synonym: "sacral spinal cord posterior column" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1514]
synonym: "sacral subsegment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258198]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1514 ! Sacral spinal cord dorsal column
xref: FMA:258198 ! sacral subsegment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0006079 ! subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005843 ! sacral spinal cord
def: "A subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column that is part of a sacral spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005841
name: cervical spinal cord dorsal column
synonym: "cervical spinal cord posterior column" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_736]
synonym: "cervical segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258176]
synonym: "dorsal funiculus of cervical segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258176]
synonym: "dorsal white column of cervical segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258176]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_736 ! Cervical spinal cord dorsal column
xref: FMA:258176 ! cervical segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0006079 ! subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002726 ! cervical spinal cord
def: "A subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column that is part of a cervical spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005842
name: lumbar spinal cord dorsal column
synonym: "lumbar spinal cord posterior column" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_834]
synonym: "lumbar segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258180]
synonym: "dorsal funiculus of lumbar segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258180]
synonym: "dorsal white column of lumbar segment of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258180]
synonym: "lumbar segment of gracile fasciculus of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:258180]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_834 ! Lumbar spinal cord dorsal column
xref: FMA:258180 ! lumbar segment of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0006079 ! subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002792 ! lumbar spinal cord
def: "A subdivision of spinal cord dorsal column that is part of a lumbar spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005374 ! spinal cord lateral column
name: spinal cord lateral column
comment: TODO - check relationship between column and funiculus. Also check white vs grey matter. See ventral column. Note also ZFA term 'lateral column' is part of reticular formation
synonym: "lateral column" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002750 ! spinal cord lateral column
xref: EV:0100322 ! lateral column
xref: ZFA:0000531 ! lateral column
is_a: UBERON:0002318 {source="MA"} ! white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002179 {notes="checkme"} ! lateral funiculus
xref: TAO:0000531 ! lateral column
xref: VHOG:0001621 ! spinal cord lateral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004676
name: spinal cord lateral horn
def: "a triangular field that is a lateralward projection of the postero-lateral part of the anterior column[WP, modified by cjm]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_horn_of_spinal_cord]
comment: todo - check relationship to spinal cord lateral column. in FMA funiculus=white and horn=grep
synonym: "spinal cord lateral horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2666]
synonym: "intermediate gray column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256536]
synonym: "intermediate grey column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256536]
synonym: "lateral gray matter of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256536]
synonym: "lateral horn of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256536]
synonym: "lateral gray column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256536]
synonym: "spinal cord intermediate horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2666]
synonym: "lateral gray horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2666]
xref: FMA:256536 ! lateral gray column of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2666 ! Spinal cord lateral horn
is_a: UBERON:0002315 {source="FMA"} ! gray matter of spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Horn_of_the_Spinal_Cord ! Lateral Horn of the Spinal Cord
synonym: "cornu laterale medullae spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_horn_of_spinal_cord]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray675.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002315 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! gray matter of spinal cord
xref: UMLS:C0228582

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006078 ! subdivision of spinal cord lateral column
name: subdivision of spinal cord lateral column
subset: non_informative
is_a: UBERON:0006080 ! segment of white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005374 ! spinal cord lateral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005847
name: thoracic spinal cord lateral column
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1439 ! Thoracic spinal cord lateral column
intersection_of: UBERON:0006078 ! subdivision of spinal cord lateral column
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003038 ! thoracic spinal cord
def: "A subdivision of spinal cord lateral column that is part of a thoracic spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005848
name: sacral spinal cord lateral column
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1587 ! Sacral spinal cord lateral column
intersection_of: UBERON:0006078 ! subdivision of spinal cord lateral column
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005843 ! sacral spinal cord
def: "A subdivision of spinal cord lateral column that is part of a sacral spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005849
name: cervical spinal cord lateral column
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_729 ! Cervical spinal cord lateral column
intersection_of: UBERON:0006078 ! subdivision of spinal cord lateral column
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002726 ! cervical spinal cord
def: "A subdivision of spinal cord lateral column that is part of a cervical spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005850
name: lumbar spinal cord lateral column
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_828 ! Lumbar spinal cord lateral column
intersection_of: UBERON:0006078 ! subdivision of spinal cord lateral column
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002792 ! lumbar spinal cord
def: "A subdivision of spinal cord lateral column that is part of a lumbar spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005375 ! spinal cord ventral column
name: spinal cord ventral column
comment: in MA, this is a subclass of white matter, but in WP/Gray's, the anterior column is a synonym of the grey matter section. is this the same as funiculus? See lateral column.
synonym: "ventral column" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior column" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord anterior column" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002751 ! spinal cord ventral column
xref: EV:0100326 ! ventral column
is_a: UBERON:0002318 ! white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002180 ! ventral funiculus
xref: VHOG:0001622 ! spinal cord ventral column
property_value: external_definition "The ventral ridge of gray matter in each half of the spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001622", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anterior+column+of+spinal+cord", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005852
name: thoracic spinal cord ventral column
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1448 ! Thoracic spinal cord ventral column
is_a: UBERON:0002318 ! white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005375 ! spinal cord ventral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003038 ! thoracic spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005853
name: sacral spinal cord ventral column
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1520 ! Sacral spinal cord ventral column
is_a: UBERON:0002318 ! white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005375 ! spinal cord ventral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005843 ! sacral spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005854
name: cervical spinal cord ventral column
synonym: "cervical spinal cord anterior column" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1660]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1660 ! Cervical spinal cord ventral column
is_a: UBERON:0002318 ! white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005375 ! spinal cord ventral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002726 ! cervical spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005855
name: lumbar spinal cord ventral column
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_840 ! Lumbar spinal cord ventral column
is_a: UBERON:0002318 ! white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005375 ! spinal cord ventral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002792 ! lumbar spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005821 ! gracile fasciculus
name: gracile fasciculus
alt_id: UBERON:0004168
def: "a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb[GO]. The fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll) is a bundle of axon fibres in the dorsomedial spinal cord that carries information about fine touch, vibrations, and conscious proprioception from the lower part of the body to the brain stem. It is part of the posterior column of the spinal cord, which also contains the fasciculus cuneatus, which carries the same information from the upper part of the body. This tract and its continuation in the brain stem is often referred to as the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The fasciculus gracilis is wedge-shaped on transverse section and lies next the posterior median septum, its base being at the surface of the medulla spinalis, and its apex directed toward the posterior gray commissure. It increases in size from below upward, and consists of long thin fibers that are derived from the posterior nerve roots, and ascend as far as the medulla oblongata, where they end in the nucleus gracilis. The tract of Goll was named after Swiss neuroanatomist Friedrich Goll[WP]." [Wikipedia:Gracile_fasciculus, GO:0021958]
comment: distinction between axon tract and fasicule is unclear, we create is_a parentage to both
synonym: "gracile column" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gracile_fasciculus]
synonym: "gracile tract" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gracile_fasciculus]
synonym: "fasciculus gracilis" EXACT [FMA:258416]
synonym: "gracile fascicle" EXACT [FMA:258416]
synonym: "tract of Goll" EXACT [GO:0021958]
synonym: "gracilis tract" EXACT [GO:0021958]
xref: FMA:258416 ! gracile fasciculus
xref: BM:Me-GF ! gracile fasciculus
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
is_a: UBERON:0001019 ! fascicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="GO"} ! proprioception
xref: ncithesaurus:Tract_of_Goll ! Tract of Goll
xref: SCTID:369079001 ! Entire fasciculus gracilis
synonym: "f. gracilis medullae spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gracile_fasciculus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg
xref: UMLS:C0228522

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002653
name: gracile fasciculus of medulla
synonym: "column of goll" EXACT []
synonym: "fasciculus of goll" EXACT []
synonym: "goll's tract" EXACT [FMA:72624]
synonym: "gracile fascicle of medulla" EXACT [FMA:72624]
synonym: "medulla segment of fasciculus gracilis" EXACT [FMA:72624]
synonym: "medulla segment of gracile fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:72624]
synonym: "tract of gall" EXACT []
synonym: "gracile fascicle (gall)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1282]
xref: FMA:72624 ! Gracile fasciculus of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1282 ! Gracile fasciculus of medulla
intersection_of: UBERON:0005821 ! gracile fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
def: "A gracile fasciculus that is part of a medulla oblongata." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005826
name: gracile fasciculus of spinal cord
comment: editor note: check ontology structure, isa parentage to fasciculus of spinal cord should be inferred
synonym: "gracile fascicle of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:73938]
synonym: "spinal cord segment of fasciculus gracilis" EXACT [FMA:73938]
synonym: "spinal cord segment of gracile fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:73938]
xref: FMA:73938 ! gracile fasciculus of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0005837 ! fasciculus of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0005821 ! gracile fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005373 ! spinal cord dorsal column
def: "A gracile fasciculus that is part of a spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002318 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! white matter of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005832 ! cuneate fasciculus
name: cuneate fasciculus
alt_id: UBERON:0004169
comment: we assign the synonym 'Burdachs tract' to the subclass
synonym: "cuneate column" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus]
synonym: "cuneate tract" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus]
synonym: "fasciculus cuneatus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus]
synonym: "fasciculus cuneus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus]
synonym: "cuneatus tract" EXACT [GO:0021959]
xref: Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus ! cuneate fasciculus
xref: BM:Me-CF ! cuneate fasciculus
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002642
name: cuneate fasciculus of medulla
comment: TODO - change definition to be the *whole* of the CF in the MO. isa parentage to fasciculus of brain should be inferred
xref: FMA:72623 ! Cuneate fasciculus of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1242 ! Cuneate fasciculus of medulla
is_a: UBERON:0005838 ! fasciculus of brain
intersection_of: UBERON:0005832 ! cuneate fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
def: "A cuneate fasciculus that is part of a medulla oblongata." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005835
name: cuneate fasciculus of spinal cord
def: "The fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach, named for Karl Friedrich Burdach) is a bundle of nerves in the spinal cord which primarily transmits information from the arms. It is part of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway." [Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus, GO:0021959]
comment: editor note: check ontology structure, isa parentage to fasciculus of spinal cord should be inferred. TODO - change definition to be the *whole* of the CF in the SC
synonym: "burdach's tract" EXACT [FMA:73941]
synonym: "cuneate fascicle of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:73941]
synonym: "cuneate fasciculus" BROAD [FMA:73941]
synonym: "tract of Burdach" EXACT [GO:0021959]
xref: FMA:73941 ! cuneate fasciculus of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0005837 ! fasciculus of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0005832 ! cuneate fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005373 ! spinal cord dorsal column
synonym: "fasciculus cuneatus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:73941]
xref: ncithesaurus:Tract_of_Burdach ! Tract of Burdach
xref: SCTID:314792006 ! Entire fasciculus cuneatus
synonym: "fasciculus cuneatus medullae spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cuneate_fasciculus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg
xref: UMLS:C0228578

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009623
name: spinal nerve root
def: "The paired bundles of nerve fibers entering and leaving the spinal cord at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and autonomic preganglionic neurons. There are, however, some exceptions to this afferent/efferent rule." [MESH:A08.800.800.720.725]
comment: ZFA has part_of to spinal cord but this causes spatial disjointness violations (CNS/PNS)
synonym: "spinal neural root" EXACT  [FMA:14060]
synonym: "root of spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:14060]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002211 ! nerve root
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001780 ! spinal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002211 {source="FMA"} ! nerve root
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001780 {source="FMA"} ! spinal nerve
xref: GAID:717 ! spinal nerve root
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.725 ! spinal nerve root
xref: ZFA:0005578 ! spinal nerve root
xref: FMA:14060 ! root of spinal nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve_Root ! Spinal Nerve Root
xref: SCTID:362436008 ! Entire dorsal spinal nerve root (also: UBERON:0002261 'dorsal root of spinal cord')
xref: UMLS:C0037940

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002260
name: ventral root of spinal cord
def: "The efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. At its distal end, the ventral root joins with the dorsal root to form a mixed spinal nerve." [Wikipedia:Anterior_root_of_spinal_nerve]
comment: FMA:77516 xref is a 'general anatomical term'. We xref both to ensure equivalence.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior nerve root" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_root_of_spinal_nerve]
synonym: "anterior root" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_root_of_spinal_nerve]
synonym: "ventral root" BROAD [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090209]
xref: FMA:77516 ! Ventral root
xref: FMA:5979 ! Anterior root of spinal nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090209 ! Ventral root
xref: TAO:0000705 ! ventral root
xref: ZFA:0000705 ! ventral root
xref: BTO:0000865 ! anterior spinal root
synonym: "anterior spinal root" EXACT [BTO:0000865]
xref: ncithesaurus:Ventral_Nerve_Root ! Ventral Nerve Root
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/200px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0009623 {source="FMA", different_relation_from="ZFA"} ! spinal nerve root
synonym: "radix anterior nervi spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_root_of_spinal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg
synonym: "anterior root of spinal nerve" RELATED [FMA:5979]
synonym: "motor root of spinal nerve" RELATED [FMA:5979]
synonym: "radix anterior (nervus spinalis)" RELATED [FMA:5979]
synonym: "radix motoria (nervus spinalis)" RELATED [FMA:5979]
synonym: "ventral root of spinal nerve" RELATED [FMA:5979]
synonym: "ventral spinal nerve root" RELATED [FMA:5979]
xref: UMLS:C0205956

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002261
name: dorsal root of spinal cord
def: "In anatomy and neurology, the dorsal root (or posterior root) is the afferent sensory root of a spinal nerve. At the distal end of the dorsal root is the dorsal root ganglion, which contains the neuron cell bodies of the nerve fibres conveyed by the root. If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were severed it would lead to numbness in certain areas of the body. The lateral division of the dorsal root contains lightly myelinated and unmyelinated axons of small diameter. These transmit pain and temperature sensation from the body. These fibers cross through the anterior white commissure to form the Anterior lateral system in the lateral funiculus. The medial division of the dorsal root contains myelinated axons of larger diameter. These transmit information of discriminative touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception originating from spinal levels C2 through S5. These fibers are pushed in towards the posterior medial sulcus to form the fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Posterior_root_of_spinal_nerve]
comment: FMA xref is 'general anatomical term'. We xref both to ensure equivalence.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal root" EXACT [ZFA:0000652]
synonym: "radix dorsalis" EXACT [ZFA:0000652]
synonym: "posterior root of spinal nerve" EXACT [Wikipedia:Posterior_root_of_spinal_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal root of spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:5980]
synonym: "dorsal spinal nerve root" EXACT [FMA:5980]
synonym: "radix posterior (nervus spinalis)" EXACT [FMA:5980]
synonym: "radix sensoria (nervus spinalis)" EXACT [FMA:5980]
synonym: "sensory root of spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:5980]
xref: FMA:5980 ! posterior root of spinal nerve 
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090208 ! Dorsal root
xref: TAO:0000652 ! dorsal root
xref: ZFA:0000652 ! dorsal root
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090208 ! Dorsal root
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/200px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png
xref: BTO:0000360 ! posterior spinal root
is_a: UBERON:0009623 {source="FMA"} ! spinal nerve root
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Root_of_the_Spinal_Nerve ! Dorsal Root of the Spinal Nerve
xref: SCTID:362436008 ! Entire dorsal spinal nerve root (also: UBERON:0009623 'spinal nerve root')
synonym: "radix posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_root_of_spinal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg
xref: UMLS:C0205955

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009630
name: root of thoracic nerve
synonym: "thoracic nerve root" EXACT  [FMA:14064]
synonym: "thoracic neural root" EXACT  [FMA:14064]
synonym: "nerve root part of thoracic spinal cord" EXACT  [NIF:NIF]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009623 ! spinal nerve root
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003726 ! thoracic nerve
xref: FMA:14064 ! root of thoracic nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_836 ! Nerve root part of thoracic spinal cord
def: "A spinal nerve root that is part of a thoracic nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009631
name: root of lumbar spinal nerve
synonym: "lumbar spinal nerve root" EXACT  [FMA:16421]
synonym: "lumbar spinal neural root" EXACT  [FMA:16421]
synonym: "nerve root part of lumbar spinal cord" EXACT  [NIF:NIF]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009623 ! spinal nerve root
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009624 ! lumbar nerve
xref: FMA:16421 ! root of lumbar spinal nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1613 ! Nerve root part of lumbar spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Spinal_Nerve_Root ! Lumbar Spinal Nerve Root
xref: SCTID:180968005 ! Entire lumbar spinal nerve root
def: "A spinal nerve root that is part of a lumbar nerve." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0581666

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009632
name: root of cervical nerve
synonym: "cervical neural root" EXACT  [FMA:16422]
synonym: "cervical spinal root" EXACT  [FMA:16422]
synonym: "root of cervical spinal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:16422]
synonym: "nerve root part of cervical spinal cord" EXACT  [NIF:NIF]
is_a: UBERON:0009623 ! spinal nerve root
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000962 ! cervical nerve
xref: FMA:16422 ! root of cervical nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_955 ! Nerve root part of cervical spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spinal_Nerve_Root ! Cervical Spinal Nerve Root
xref: SCTID:180966009 ! Entire cervical spinal nerve root
xref: UMLS:C0581631

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009633
name: root of sacral nerve
synonym: "root of sacral spinal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:18028]
synonym: "sacral neural root" EXACT  [FMA:18028]
synonym: "nerve root part of sacral spinal cord" EXACT  [NIF:NIF]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009623 ! spinal nerve root
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009625 ! sacral nerve
xref: FMA:18028 ! root of sacral nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1518 ! Nerve root part of sacral spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacral_Spinal_Nerve_Root ! Sacral Spinal Nerve Root
xref: SCTID:244454000 ! Entire sacral spinal nerve root
def: "A spinal nerve root that is part of a sacral nerve." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0581672

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009634
name: root of coccygeal nerve
synonym: "coccygeal neural root" EXACT  [FMA:18131]
synonym: "coccygeal spinal nerve root" EXACT  [FMA:18131]
synonym: "root of coccygeal spinal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:18131]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009623 ! spinal nerve root
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009629 ! coccygeal nerve
xref: FMA:18131 ! root of coccygeal nerve
def: "A spinal nerve root that is part of a coccygeal nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002262
name: celiac ganglion
def: "The celiac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of nerve tissue in the upper abdomen. Part of the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the two celiac ganglia are the largest ganglia in the ANS, and they innervate most of the digestive tract. They have the appearance of lymph glands and are placed on either side of the midline in front of the crura of the diaphragm, close to the suprarenal glands (also called adrenal glands). The ganglion on the right side is placed behind the inferior vena cava. They are sometimes referred to as the semilunar ganglia or the solar ganglia. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Celiac_ganglia]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coeliac ganglion" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA:8946 ! coeliac ganglion
xref: FMA:77570 ! Celiac ganglion
xref: MA:0001158 ! celiac ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Coeliac_Ganglion ! Celiac Ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0000266 ! coeliac ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray848.png/200px-Gray848.png
xref: EMAPA:19321 ! coeliac
is_a: UBERON:0003964 ! prevertebral ganglion
xref: SCTID:362492008 ! Entire celiac ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray848.png
xref: UMLS:C0007571

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002263
name: lentiform nucleus
def: "The lentiform nucleus or lenticular nucleus comprises the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule. [WP,unvetted]. The part of the corpus striatum somewhat resembling a biconvex lens, divided into an external, larger, lateral part (putamen) and an internal, smaller, lighter colored medial part (globus pallidus), which is in turn subdivided into a smaller, medial, and a larger, lateral part by the medial medullary lamina[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Lentiform_nucleus, BTO:0002250]
comment: AO notes: the EMAPA class is unclear. Editor notes: TODO - add parts
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nucleus lentiformis" EXACT [BTO:0002250]
synonym: "nucleus lenticularis" EXACT [BTO:0002250]
synonym: "lenticular nucleus" RELATED [BTO:0002250]
xref: FMA:77615 ! Lentiform nucleus
xref: MA:0000896 ! lentiform nucleus
xref: EMAPA:18208 ! lentiform nucleus
xref: EMAPA:19147 ! lenticular nucleus
xref: BTO:0002250 ! nucleus lentiformis
xref: ncithesaurus:Lenticular_Nucleus ! Lenticular Nucleus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvyH2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lentiform nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gray741.png/200px-Gray741.png
xref: EV:0100186 ! lentiform nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000369 ! corpus striatum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005403 ! ventral striatum
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001874 ! putamen
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001875 ! globus pallidus
xref: SCTID:279319002 ! Entire lentiform nucleus
synonym: "nucleus lentiformis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lentiform_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Gray741.png
xref: UMLS:C0162342

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002265 ! olfactory tract
name: olfactory tract
def: "White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (Maryann Martone)" [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1663, Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract, ISBN10:0471888893]
comment: AO notes: sources differ as to whether this is part of the bulb (BTO), or cortex (MA). We represent this as the connection between the two, and is thus entirely part of neither, yet overlaps both. Note that the NIF class has been retired
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "olfactory peduncle" RELATED [BTO:0003647]
synonym: "tractus olfactorius" RELATED [BTO:0003647]
synonym: "tractus olfactorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract]
xref: FMA:77626 ! Olfactory tract
xref: MA:0000975 ! olfactory tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1663 ! Olfactory tract
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Tract ! Olfactory Tract
xref: BTO:0003647 ! olfactory tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png
xref: SCTID:362356008 ! Entire olfactory tract
intersection_of: UBERON:0007702 ! tract of brain
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0002894 ! olfactory cortex
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0002264 ! olfactory bulb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Tract of brain which is continuous with olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex.[FMA]" xsd:string {source="FMA"}
property_value: external_definition "A nervelike, white band composed primarily of nerve fibres originating from the mitral cells and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb but also containing the scattered cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus[BTO:0003647]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0003647"}
property_value: external_definition "The olfactory tract is a bundle of axons connecting the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb to several target regions in the brain, including piriform cortex, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex. It is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. It lies in the olfactory sulcus on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe, and divides posteriorly into two striæ, a medial olfactory stria and a lateral olfactory stria.[Wikipedia]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract"}
property_value: external_definition "White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (Maryann Martone)" xsd:string {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1663", notes="deprecated class"}
xref: UMLS:C0162435

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001888
name: lateral olfactory tract
def: "The lateral olfactory stria is directed across the lateral part of the anterior perforated substance and then bends abruptly medialward toward the uncus of the hippocampal gyrus." [Wikipedia:Lateral_olfactory_stria]
comment: Editor notes: We follow neurolex and use 'tract' rather than 'stria' as the primary label. We make this a subtype of olfactory tract. Currently this groups teleost and mammalian structures by the same name, but this may be a false grouping. For example, in zebrafish, the difference between medial and lateral depends on the region of telencephalon (dorsal or ventral). Taxon notes: In mammals the fibers of the dorsal lateral olfactory tract either pass under the accessory olfactory formation, or they penetrate through it separating the internal granule cells from the output cells.[PMID:7437895]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "LOT" RELATED ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "lateral olfactory stria" RELATED  [FMA:61971]
synonym: "tractus olfactorius lateralis" EXACT LATIN [ZFA:0000229]
synonym: "stria olfactoria lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_olfactory_stria]
xref: FMA:61971 ! Lateral olfactory stria
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1559 ! Lateral olfactory stria
xref: TAO:0000229 ! lateral olfactory tract
xref: ZFA:0000229 ! lateral olfactory tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png
xref: EV:0100175 ! lateral olfactory stria
xref: BM:Tel-LOT ! lateral olfactory tract
xref: SCTID:369107001 ! Entire lateral olfactory striae
is_a: UBERON:0002265 ! olfactory tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png
property_value: external_definition "Telencephalic white matter which extends between the olfactory bulb and the ipsilateral dorsal telencephalon and carries secondary olfactory fibers. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain[ZFA:0000229]." xsd:string {source="ZFA:0000229"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001883
name: olfactory tubercle
def: "a multi-sensory processing center in the olfactory cortex that plays a role in reward behaviors. The OT is a composite structure that receives direct input from the olfactory bulb and contains the morphological and histochemical characteristics of the ventral pallidum and the striatum of the forebrain (Heimer & Wilson 1975)." [Wikipedia:Anterior_perforated_substance]
comment: AO notes: NIF has separate classes for exact syns in FMA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior perforated area" EXACT  [FMA:61891]
synonym: "anterior perforated space" EXACT  [FMA:61891]
synonym: "olfactory area (Mai)" EXACT  [FMA:61891]
synonym: "anterior perforated substance" EXACT  [FMA:61891]
xref: FMA:61891 ! Anterior perforated substance
xref: MA:0000976 ! olfactory tubercle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1096 ! Anterior perforated substance
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005037 ! Olfactory tubercle
xref: BTO:0001869 ! olfactory tubercle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png
xref: EV:0100177 ! olfactory tubercle
xref: ABA:OT ! Olfactory tubercle
xref: BM:Tel-OLT ! olfactory tubercle
xref: EHDAA2:0004701 ! olfactory tubercle
is_a: UBERON:0005813 {source="FMA"} ! tubercle
is_a: UBERON:0002020 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002894 {source="MA", source="Wikipedia", source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! olfactory cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005401 {source="BTO"} ! cerebral grey matter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 {source="FMA"} ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001882 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus accumbens
synonym: "tuberculum olfactorium" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61891]
xref: SCTID:369108006 ! Entire anterior perforated substance
synonym: "substantia perforata anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_perforated_substance]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png
xref: VHOG:0001625 ! olfactory tubercle
property_value: external_definition "Subdivision of telencephalon which is a region on the ventro-medial aspect of the telencephalon penetrated by numerous blood vessels.  It is bounded by the optic tract posteriorly and the olfactory trigone anteriorly[FMA:61891, Wikipedia:Anterior_perforated_substance]." xsd:string {source="FMA:61891"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002893
name: nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
comment: part of amygdala in FMA but this leads to inconsistency when combined with ABA partitions
synonym: "lateral olfactory tract nucleus" EXACT [FMA:61865]
synonym: "nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (ganser)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2702]
xref: FMA:61865 ! Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2702 ! Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
xref: ABA:NLOT ! Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract
xref: BM:Tel-NLOT ! nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002264 {source="ABA"} ! olfactory bulb
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004069 {source="ABA"} ! accessory olfactory bulb
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002266 {source="ABA"} ! anterior olfactory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002590 {source="ABA"} ! prepyriform area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002266
name: anterior olfactory nucleus
def: "The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON; also called the anterior olfactory cortex) is a portion of the forebrain of vertebrates. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "retrobulbar nucleus [a8]" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior olfactory cortex" RELATED [BTO:0003649]
synonym: "AON" RELATED [BTO:0003649]
xref: FMA:77628 ! Anterior olfactory nucleus
xref: MA:0000968 ! anterior olfactory nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1085 ! Anterior olfactory nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Olfactory_Nucleus ! Anterior Olfactory Nucleus
xref: BTO:0003649 ! anterior olfactory nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG
xref: EV:0100174 ! anterior olfactory nucleus
xref: ABA:AON ! Anterior olfactory nucleus
xref: BM:Tel-OAN ! anterior olfactory nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002264 {source="ABA"} ! olfactory bulb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002894 ! olfactory cortex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004069 {source="ABA"} ! accessory olfactory bulb
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002893 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002590 {source="ABA"} ! prepyriform area
synonym: "nucleus retrobulbaris [a8]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77628]
synonym: "nucleus olfactorius anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG
xref: UMLS:C0175225

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002267
name: laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
def: "The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (or lateroposterior tegmental nucleus) is a nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Laterodorsal_tegmental_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateroposterior tegmental nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77654 ! Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: MA:0001016 ! laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: BTO:0004016 ! laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
xref: ABA:LDT ! Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003004 {source="ABA"} ! median raphe nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002148 {source="ABA"} ! locus ceruleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002047 {source="ABA"} ! pontine raphe nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002587 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus subceruleus
synonym: "nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77654]
synonym: "nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Laterodorsal_tegmental_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002269
name: pupillary membrane
def: "The pupillary membrane in mammals exists in the fetus as a source of blood supply for the lens. It normally atrophies from the time of birth to the age of four to eight weeks." [Wikipedia:Persistent_pupillary_membrane]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:77663 ! Pupillary membrane
xref: MA:0001293 ! pupillary membrane
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001771 {source="MA-modified"} ! pupil
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002271
name: periventricular zone of hypothalamus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hypothalamus periventricular zone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77682 ! Periventricular zone of hypothalamus
xref: VHOG:0000623 ! hypothalamus periventricular zone
xref: MA:0000846 ! hypothalamus periventricular zone
xref: ABA:PVZ ! Periventricular zone
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002272
name: medial zone of hypothalamus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hypothalamus medial zone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77683 ! Medial zone of hypothalamus
xref: MA:0000837 ! hypothalamus medial zone
xref: ABA:MEZ ! Hypothalamic medial zone
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002273
name: lateral zone of hypothalamus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hypothalamus lateral zone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77684 ! Lateral zone of hypothalamus
xref: MA:0000833 ! hypothalamus lateral zone
xref: ABA:LZ ! Hypothalamic lateral zone
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002274
name: perifornical nucleus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:77688 ! Perifornical nucleus
xref: MA:0000836 ! perifornical nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002273 ! lateral zone of hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010267
name: obsolete inferior reticular formation
def: "." [GO:0021728]
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010268
name: obsolete superior reticular formation
def: "." [GO:0021729]
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002275
name: reticular formation
comment: note that this class denotes the generic structure, and not a specific one such as medullary or pontine reticular formation. 
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77719 ! Reticular formation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gray701.png/200px-Gray701.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.772 ! reticular formation
is_a: UBERON:0000073 ! regional part of nervous system
xref: SCTID:361552007 ! Entire reticular formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002559 ! medullary reticular formation
name: medullary reticular formation
def: "The reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata" [GO:0021723]
comment: note that ZFA:0000421 is part of the the medulla oblongata, so it is placed here, rather than with the generic term
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bulbar reticular formation" EXACT [FMA:72241]
synonym: "reticular formation of medulla" EXACT [FMA:72241]
synonym: "rhombencephalic reticular formation" EXACT [GO:0021723]
synonym: "medullary reticular nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001049]
synonym: "reticular formation" BROAD [ZFA:0000421]
synonym: "bulb reticular formation" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblongata reticular formation" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblonmgata reticular formation" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metepencephalon reticular formation" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular formation of bulb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular formation of medulla oblongata" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular formation of medulla oblonmgata" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular formation of metepencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72241 ! Medullary reticular formation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1020 ! Medullary reticular formation
xref: MA:0001049 ! medullary reticular nucleus
xref: TAO:0000421 ! reticular formation
xref: ZFA:0000421 ! reticular formation
xref: GAID:588 ! reticular formation
xref: ABA:MDRN ! Medullary reticular nucleus
xref: BM:Me-MeRF ! medullary reticular formation
is_a: UBERON:0002275 {source="FMA"} ! reticular formation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="FMA"} ! medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0002275 ! reticular formation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus
xref: SCTID:369059009 ! Entire reticular formation of medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002573
name: pontine reticular formation
def: "The reticular formation is a part of the brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/sleeping cycle, and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli. It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pontine_reticular_formation]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "reticular formation of pons" EXACT [FMA:68876]
synonym: "pons of varolius reticular formation" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pons reticular formation" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular formation of pons of varolius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pontine reticular nucleus" EXACT [ABA:PRNr]
xref: FMA:68876 ! Pontine reticular formation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1050 ! Pontine reticular formation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gray701.png/200px-Gray701.png
xref: BM:Pons-PRF ! pontine reticular formation
xref: ABA:PRNr ! Pontine reticular nucleus (also: UBERON:0007413 'nucleus of pontine reticular formation')
is_a: UBERON:0002275 {source="FMA"} ! reticular formation
intersection_of: UBERON:0002275 ! reticular formation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 {source="FMA"} ! pontine tegmentum
xref: SCTID:362403007 ! Entire reticular formation of pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002639 ! midbrain reticular formation
name: midbrain reticular formation
synonym: "reticular formation of midbrain" EXACT [FMA:62406]
synonym: "tegmental reticular formation" EXACT [FMA:62406]
xref: FMA:62406 ! Midbrain reticular formation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1235 ! Midbrain reticular formation
xref: BM:MB-MBRF ! midbrain reticular formation
is_a: UBERON:0002275 ! reticular formation
intersection_of: UBERON:0002275 ! reticular formation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002142 ! pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
xref: SCTID:369234009 ! Entire reticular formation of midbrain
def: "A reticular formation that is part of a midbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007415
name: nucleus of midbrain reticular formation
synonym: "midbrain reticular formation nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:62443]
synonym: "midbrain reticular nucleus" EXACT [ABA:MRN]
xref: FMA:62443 ! nucleus of midbrain reticular formation
xref: ABA:MRN ! Midbrain reticular nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0007414 ! nucleus of midbrain tegmentum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002639 ! midbrain reticular formation
def: "A nucleus of midbrain tegmentum that is part of a midbrain reticular formation." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009775
name: lateral medullary reticular complex
synonym: "lateral group of medullary reticular formation" EXACT  [FMA:72573]
synonym: "lateral medullary reticular group" EXACT  [FMA:72573]
synonym: "lateral reticular formation of the medulla oblongata" EXACT  [FMA:72573]
is_a: UBERON:0007245 {source="FMA"} ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002559 {source="FMA"} ! medullary reticular formation
xref: FMA:72573 ! lateral medullary reticular complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002154
name: lateral reticular nucleus
def: "The lateral reticular nucleus, of the funiculus, can be divided into three subnuclei, the parvocellular, magnocellular and the subtrigeminal. As is typical of the reticular formation, none of these are very distinct subnuclei, but rather blurred distinctions between cell types and location. The lateral reticular nucleus sends all of its projections to the cerebellum. The parvocellular portion of the LRN and the immediately adjacent magnocellular portion send most their projections to the vermis of the cerebellum. The rest of the magnocellular subnucleus sends its projections to the hemisphere regions of the cerebellum. The subtrigeminal nucleus sends its projections to the flocculonodular lobe. All of these efferent pathways are projected in an ipsilateral manner to the cerebellum, the most abundant of which are those to the vermis. This nucleus is also involved in the mediation of inspiration (in-breathing) with a part of the ventral r. nucleus. The afferent pathways to the LRN come from the spinal cord and higher brain structures. Most of the afferents come from the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord and project exclusively to the parts of the LRN that do not receive input from the cortex. The spinal cord projections terminate mostly in the parvocellular region along with the adjacent magnocellular cells. This implies that most input from the spinal cord is relayed into the vermis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_reticular_nucleus]
comment: Comment: note in ABA this is disjoint from MDR, but we relax this here to accomodate FMA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral reticular nucleus (medulla)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72574 ! Lateral reticular nucleus
xref: MA:0001047 ! lateral reticular nucleus
xref: TAO:0000535 ! lateral reticular nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000535 ! lateral reticular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081246 ! Lateral reticular nucleus
xref: ABA:LRN ! Lateral reticular nucleus
xref: BM:LR ! lateral reticular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0007635 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of medulla oblongata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009775 {source="FMA"} ! lateral medullary reticular complex
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009775  ! lateral medullary reticular complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus
synonym: "nucleus reticularis lateralis medullae oblongatae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_reticular_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009776 ! intermediate reticular formation
name: intermediate reticular formation
def: "." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3413098&group_id=36855]
xref: TAO:0000219 ! intermediate reticular formation
is_a: UBERON:0007245 {source="UBERON:cjm"} ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002559 {source="GOC:pr", source="brainspan.org"} ! medullary reticular formation
xref: ZFA:0000219 ! intermediate reticular formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009777
name: intermediate reticular nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009776 ! intermediate reticular formation
xref: FMA:84336 ! intermediate reticular nucleus
xref: ABA:IRN ! Intermediate reticular nucleus
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a intermediate reticular formation." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002277
name: spiral sulcus
def: "A concavity in the floor of the cochlear duct, formed by either the overhanging vestibular lip (inner spiral sulcus) or the spiral prominence and the spiral organ (outer spiral sulcus)." []
synonym: "sulcus spiralis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77744 ! Spiral sulcus
xref: MA:0001195 ! spiral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 {source="MA"} ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008831
name: inner spiral sulcus
def: "a concavity in the floor of the cochlear duct formed by the overhanging vestibular lip." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/inner-spiral-sulcus.html]
is_a: UBERON:0002277 {source="FMA"} ! spiral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus spiralis internus" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/inner-spiral-sulcus.html]
synonym: "internal spiral sulcus" EXACT [MA:0001197]
comment: part_of spiral sulcus in MA
xref: FMA:77850 ! inner spiral sulcus
xref: MA:0001197 ! internal spiral sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008832
name: outer spiral sulcus
def: "a concavity in the outer wall of the cochlear duct between the spiral prominence and the spiral organ." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/outer-spiral-sulcus.html]
is_a: UBERON:0002277 {source="FMA"} ! spiral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus spiralis externus" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/outer-spiral-sulcus.html]
comment: part_of spiral sulcus in MA
xref: FMA:77851 ! outer spiral sulcus
xref: MA:0001196 ! external spiral sulcus
synonym: "external spiral sulcus" EXACT [MA:0001196]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002279
name: vestibular aqueduct
def: "At the hinder part of the medial wall of the vestibule is the orifice of the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It transmits a small vein, and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the ductus endolymphaticus, which ends in a cul-de-sac between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vestibular_aqueduct]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77821 ! Vestibular aqueduct
xref: GAID:885 ! vestibular aqueduct
xref: MA:0001186 ! vestibular aqueduct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.957 ! vestibular aqueduct
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005236 ! osseus labyrinth vestibule
synonym: "aqueductus vestibuli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibular_aqueduct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray921.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002280 ! otolith
name: otolith
def: "Acellular structure composed of calcium carbonate located in the otolith organ." [Wikipedia:Otolith, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Currently represented as part of the otolith membrane, but they may also be considered to be embedded in this membrane
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "immature otolith" RELATED []
synonym: "immature otoliths" RELATED []
synonym: "otoconial crystal" RELATED [MP:0002894]
synonym: "statolith" RELATED []
synonym: "otoliths" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "statoconium" EXACT []
synonym: "otoconium" EXACT []
synonym: "otoconia" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: FMA:77826 ! Otolith
xref: TAO:0001621 ! otolith
xref: ZFA:0001617 ! otolith
xref: ncithesaurus:Otolith ! Otolith
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg/200px-Bigotolith.jpg
xref: ANISEED:777311 ! otolith
xref: ANISEED:874485 ! otolith
xref: SCTID:368951003 ! Entire otoconia
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002519 {source="Wikipedia"} ! otolithic membrane
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: composed_primarily_of CHEBI:3311 ! calcium carbonate
relationship: has_function_in GO:0009590 ! detection of gravity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Portion of organism substance composed of calcium carbonate located in the otolith organ.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001621", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from immature otolith (TAO:0000139)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001621", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "otolithic" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "otoconial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0029894

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006582
name: statolith
def: "Acellular mineralized structure located in the statocyst (balance organ) of some aquatic invertebrates[WP,CJM]." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "calcareousstatoliths" NARROW []
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006583 ! statocyst
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: has_function_in GO:0009590 ! detection of gravity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006583
name: statocyst
def: "a balance sensory receptor present in some aquatic invertebrates[WP]." [Wikipedia:Statocyst]
synonym: "statocyst organ" RELATED []
synonym: "balance organ" RELATED []
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Statocyst.jpg/180px-Statocyst.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: capable_of GO:0050973 ! detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:147099 {source="Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha"} ! Acoelomorpha
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6073 ! Cnidaria
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6544 ! Bivalvia
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6657 ! Crustacea
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:110815 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Xenoturbella
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012256
name: digestive syncytial vacuole
comment: Taxon notes: in Aceola, Digestion is accomplished by means of a syncytium that forms a vacuole around ingested food. There are no epithelial cells lining the digestive vacuole, although there is sometimes a short pharynx leading from the mouth to the vacuole[WP]
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:147099 {source="Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha"} ! Acoelomorpha
relationship: part_of CL:0000228 ! multinucleate cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002281
name: vestibular membrane of cochlear duct
def: "a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates scala media from scala vestibuli. Together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. Histologically, the membrane is composed of two layers of flattened epithelium, separated by a basal lamina. Its structure suggests that its function is transport of fluid and electrolytes." [Wikipedia:Reissner's_membrane]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Reissner's membrane" EXACT  [FMA:77829]
synonym: "superior wall of cochlear duct" EXACT  [FMA:77829]
synonym: "vestibular membrane of Reissner" EXACT  [FMA:77829]
synonym: "vestibular membrane" EXACT [MA:0001200]
synonym: "membrana vestibularis ductus cochlearis" EXACT  [MP:0006021]
synonym: "paries vestibularis ductus cochlearis" EXACT  [MP:0006021]
synonym: "vestibular membrane" RELATED  [MP:0006021]
synonym: "vestibular wall of cochlear duct" EXACT  [MP:0006021]
xref: FMA:77829 ! Vestibular membrane of cochlear duct
xref: MA:0001200 ! vestibular membrane
is_a: UBERON:0000094 ! membrane organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001863 ! scala vestibuli
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002295 ! scala media
xref: SCTID:362575002 ! Entire vestibular membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cochlea-crosssection.png/250px-Cochlea-crosssection.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011922
name: cochlear basement membrane
def: "The the continuous basement membrane found within the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea, known to extend from the limbus, down to the inner sulcus, across the basilar membrane, up to the external sulcus to the spiral prominence and radiating into the spiral ligament ensheathing the root cell processes" [MP:0004598]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005769 ! basement membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002499 ! cochlear labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002282 ! stria vascularis of cochlear duct
name: stria vascularis of cochlear duct
def: "The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis. It produces endolymph for the scala media, one of the three fluid-filled compartments of the cochlea. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Stria_vascularis]
comment: AO notes: represented as a wall in FMA. MESH def implies part of spiral ligament but better represented as adjacency / overlaps
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "stria vascularis" EXACT []
synonym: "stria vascularis of cochlea" EXACT  [FMA:77832]
synonym: "stria vascularis ductus cochlearis" RELATED LATIN [BTO:0001819]
synonym: "vascular stria of cochlear duct" RELATED [BTO:0001819]
synonym: "vascular stripe of cochlear duct" EXACT [MP:0000048]
synonym: "psalterial cord" EXACT [MP:0000048]
xref: FMA:77832 ! Stria vascularis of cochlear duct
xref: GAID:875 ! stria vascularis
xref: MA:0001198 ! stria vascularis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2525 ! Stria Vascularis
xref: BTO:0001819 ! stria vascularis
xref: EFO:0001644 ! stria vascularis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246.292.876 ! stria vascularis
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 {source="MA", source="FMA"} ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="NBK53175", notes="pigment cells"} ! neural crest
xref: SCTID:279842002 ! Entire stria vascularis of cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007352
name: stria vascularis vasculature
def: "blood vessels supplying the stria vascularis in the cochlea of the inner ear." [MP:0004368]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002282 ! stria vascularis of cochlear duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002285
name: telencephalic ventricle
def: "A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere" [Wikipedia:Lateral_ventricle, UBERON:cjm]
comment: modeled as space in EHDAA2
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "telencephalic vesicle" RELATED  [ZFA:0000696]
synonym: "telencephalic ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0000696, VHOG:0000643]
synonym: "telencephalon lateral ventricle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001984]
synonym: "lateral ventricle of brain" RELATED [BTO:0000879]
synonym: "lateral ventricle" EXACT [MA:0000192]
synonym: "forebrain ventricle" RELATED []
synonym: "tectal ventricle" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000879
xref: EHDAA:3502 ! lateral ventricle
xref: EHDAA:6576 ! lateral ventricles
xref: FMA:78448 ! Lateral ventricle
xref: GAID:611 ! lateral ventricle
xref: MA:0000192 ! lateral ventricle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1263 ! Lateral ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYsFdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ZFA:0000696 ! telencephalic ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0001984 ! telencephalon lateral ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Ventricle ! Lateral Ventricle
xref: EFO:0001961 ! lateral ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYsFdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lateral ventricle
xref: VHOG:0000643 ! telencephalic ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray734.png/200px-Gray734.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276.650 ! lateral ventricle
xref: EV:0100307 ! lateral ventricle
xref: BM:Tel-LV ! lateral ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523", notes="evaginated"} ! cerebral hemisphere
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001893 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32523", notes="evaginated"} ! telencephalon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009676 {source="EHDAA2", notes="material to immaterial"} ! early telencephalic vesicle
xref: SCTID:180930008 ! Entire lateral ventricle
xref: TAO:0000696 ! telencephalic ventricle
property_value: homology_notes "The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000643", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: external_definition  "The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle[GO]." xsd:string {source="GO:0021670"}
property_value: external_definition  "The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles. The lateral ventricles connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramina of Monro[WP]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Lateral_ventricle"}
xref: UMLS:C0152279

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013161
name: left lateral ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002812 {source="FMA"} ! left cerebral hemisphere
synonym: "left telencephalic ventricle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:78450 ! left lateral ventricle
xref: SCTID:368593005 ! Entire left lateral ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013162
name: right lateral ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002285  ! telencephalic ventricle
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002813 {source="FMA"} ! right cerebral hemisphere
synonym: "right telencephalic ventricle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:78449 ! right lateral ventricle
xref: SCTID:368571000 ! Entire right lateral ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005683
name: obsolete telencephalon lateral ventricle
consider: EHDAA2:0001984 ! telencephalon lateral ventricle
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002286
name: third ventricle
def: "Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large cavity in the midline of the diencephalon; it is continuous with the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen and the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct (Maryann Martone). A narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the HYPOTHALAMUS, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by EPENDYMA. It communicates with the FOURTH VENTRICLE by the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT, and with the LATERAL VENTRICLES by the interventricular foramina[GAID]." [Wikipedia:Third_ventricle, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_714, GAID:614]
comment: Editor's note: consider adding class for secondary vesicle precursor
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "3rd ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "diencephalic ventricle" RELATED []
synonym: "diencephalic vesicle" NARROW []
synonym: "ventriculus diencephali" EXACT [ZFA:0000161]
xref: FMA:78454 ! Third ventricle
xref: GAID:614 ! third ventricle
xref: VHOG:0000007 ! third ventricle
xref: MA:0000182 ! third ventricle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_714 ! Third ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvakhcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000161 ! third ventricle
xref: ZFA:0000161 ! third ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Third_Ventricle_of_Brain ! Third Ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvakhcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! third ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0000084 ! 3rd ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray734.png/200px-Gray734.png
xref: EMAPA:16900 ! 3rd ventricle of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276.840 ! third ventricle
xref: EV:0100308 ! third ventricle
xref: BM:Die-3V ! third ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006284 {source="EHDAA2"} ! prosencephalic vesicle
xref: SCTID:180931007 ! Entire third ventricle
synonym: "ventriculus tertius cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Third_ventricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray734.png
property_value: external_definition "Fluid-filled brain cavity. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000161", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from forebrain ventricle (TAO:0001259)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000161", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000007", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0149555

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002287
name: optic recess of third ventricle
def: "At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle, immediately above the optic chiasma, the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess (or supraoptic recess). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Optic_recess]
comment: TODO - check taxonomic grouping
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "optic recess" EXACT []
synonym: "preoptic recess" EXACT []
synonym: "supraoptic recess" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:1343 ! optic recess
xref: EHDAA:1973 ! optic recess
xref: EHDAA:2649 ! optic recess
xref: EHDAA:3478 ! optic recess
xref: FMA:78455 ! Optic recess of third ventricle
xref: VHOG:0000595 ! optic recess
xref: TAO:0000049 ! optic recess
xref: ZFA:0000049 ! optic recess
xref: EHDAA2:0001317 ! optic recess
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray721.png/200px-Gray721.png
xref: EMAPA:16644 ! optic recess of 3rd ventricle of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16902 ! optic recess of 3rd ventricle of diencephalon of forebrain
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
synonym: "recessus supraopticus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:78455]
xref: SCTID:369279008 ! Entire optic recess of third ventricle
synonym: "recessus supraopticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Optic_recess]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray721.png
synonym: "optic recesses" RELATED [VHOG:0000595]
property_value: external_definition "The optic recess of the third ventricle, i.e. the pouch of the ventricle penetrating into the interval between the initial optic tracts. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000595", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002288
name: choroid plexus of third ventricle
def: "A choroid plexus that is part of a third ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "3rd ventricle choroid plexus" RELATED []
synonym: "chorioid plexus of third ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "third ventricle choroid plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus third ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0001444]
synonym: "diencephalic choroid plexus " EXACT [ZFA:0001444]
xref: FMA:78462 ! Choroid plexus of third ventricle
xref: MA:0000879 ! third ventricle choroid plexus
xref: ZFA:0001444 ! choroid plexus third ventricle
xref: VHOG:0001374 ! choroid plexus third ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_of_the_Third_Ventricle ! Choroid Plexus of the Third Ventricle
xref: SCTID:61576002 ! Entire choroid plexus of third ventricle
xref: TAO:0001444 ! choroid plexus third ventricle
xref: UMLS:C0152291

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002289
name: midbrain cerebral aqueduct
alt_id: UBERON:0005684
def: "The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle, which is between the pons and cerebellum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct]
comment: AO notes: Two distinct classes in ncit. We classify this as a brain ventricle even though it is not classifically regarded as one (3rd = diencephalon, 4th = hindbrains)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mesencephalic duct" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct]
synonym: "Sylvian aqueduct" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct]
synonym: "aqueduct (Sylvius)" EXACT []
synonym: "aqueduct of midbrain" EXACT []
synonym: "aqueduct of Sylvius" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebral aquaduct" EXACT [ZFA:0000159]
synonym: "tectal ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0000159]
synonym: "midbrain cerebral aqueduct" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001163]
synonym: "medial tectal ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0000159]
synonym: "mesencephalic ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0000159]
synonym: "mesencephalic vesicle" RELATED [ZFA:0000159]
synonym: "midbrain ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0000159]
synonym: "cerebral aqueduct" EXACT [MA:0000208]
synonym: "aqueductus mesencephali" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:78467]
synonym: "aqueductus mesencephali" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct]
xref: EHDAA:3696 ! midbrain cerebral aqueduct
xref: FMA:78467 ! Cerebral aqueduct
xref: GAID:583 ! cerebral aqueduct
xref: VHOG:0000832 ! cerebral aqueduct
xref: MA:0000208 ! cerebral aqueduct
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1261 ! Cerebral aqueduct
xref: ZFA:0000159 ! tectal ventricle 
xref: EHDAA2:0001163 ! midbrain cerebral aqueduct
xref: ncithesaurus:Aqueduct_of_Sylvius ! Aqueduct of Sylvius
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Aqueduct ! Cerebral Aqueduct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png
xref: EMAPA:17795 ! cerebral aqueduct
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.822.187 ! cerebral aqueduct
xref: EV:0100309 ! cerebral aqueduct
xref: BM:MB-AQ ! cerebral aqueduct
xref: EFO:0003501 ! tectal ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013148 {source="EHDAA2"} ! midbrain vesicle
xref: SCTID:279249003 ! Entire cerebral aqueduct
xref: TAO:0000159 ! tectal ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png
property_value: homology_notes "The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000832", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0007769

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002721
name: lateral sulcus
def: "A sulcus that divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below. It is in both hemispheres of the brain but is longer in the left hemisphere. The lateral sulcus is one of the earliest-developing sulci of the human brain. It first appears around the fourteenth gestational week[WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Sylvian sulcus" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "fissure of Sylvius" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral cerebral fissure" EXACT [FMA:77801]
synonym: "lateral cerebral sulcus" EXACT [FMA:77801]
synonym: "lateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:77801]
synonym: "lateral fissure of Sylvius" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral cerebral fissure" EXACT []
synonym: "transverse cerebral fissure" EXACT [FMA:77801]
synonym: "fissura lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487]
synonym: "fissura lateralis cerebri" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487]
synonym: "fissura lateralis cerebri (sylvii)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487]
synonym: "sulcus lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487]
synonym: "Sylvian fissure" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487]
synonym: "sulcus lateralis cerebri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77801]
synonym: "fissura transversa cerebri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77801]
synonym: "sulcus lateralis cerebri" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_sulcus]
xref: FMA:77801 ! Lateral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1487 ! Lateral sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Fissure_of_Sylvius ! Fissure of Sylvius
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-LS ! lateral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0008334 {source="FMA"} ! subarachnoid sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Lateral_sulcus2.png
xref: SCTID:369226003 ! Entire fissure of Sylvius
xref: UMLS:C0228187

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013591
name: postsylvian sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0008334 ! subarachnoid sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013592
name: presylvian sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0008334 ! subarachnoid sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013593
name: suprasylvian sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0008334 ! subarachnoid sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013594
name: ectosylvian sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0008334 ! subarachnoid sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013595
name: postlateral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0008334 ! subarachnoid sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013596
name: brain coronal sulcus
synonym: "coronal sulcus" BROAD INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "coronal sulcus of brain" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008334 ! subarachnoid sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013598
name: accessory nucleus of optic tract
def: "One of a set of small groups of neuron cell bodies located along the trajectory of optic fibers in the mesencephalon. These consist of the posterior nucleus [TA] (nucleus posterior [TA]), medial nucleus [TA] (nucleus medialis [TA]), and lateral nucleus [TA] (nucleus lateralis [TA]), which are also called the posterior, medial, and lateral terminal nuclei. The connections of these nuclei, along with the nucleus of the optic tract, make up the accessory optic system that appears to be concerned with retinal slip in specific directions" [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=61308]
synonym: "nuclei accessorii tractus optici" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "nucleus of accessory optic system" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002308 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of  UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
xref: FMA:256154 ! accessory nucleus of optic tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013599
name: dorsal accessory nucleus of optic tract
synonym: "posterior accessory nucleus of optic tract" EXACT  [FMA:77651]
is_a: UBERON:0013598 {source="FMA"} ! accessory nucleus of optic tract
xref: FMA:77651 ! Dorsal accessory nucleus of optic tract
xref: ABA:DT ! Dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
synonym: "dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract" EXACT [ABA:DT]
synonym: "posterior terminal nucleus of accessory optic tract" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal terminal nucleus of accessory optic tract" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013600
name: lateral accessory nucleus of optic tract
is_a: UBERON:0013598 {source="FMA"} ! accessory nucleus of optic tract
xref: FMA:77652 ! Lateral accessory nucleus of optic tract
xref: ABA:LT ! Lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
synonym: "lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract" EXACT [ABA:LT]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013601
name: medial accessory nucleus of optic tract
comment: The  medial terminal nucleus is usually very prominent but it is reduced in primates (except, curiously, the tarsier), megachiropterans, Cynocephalus and Bradypus.  Metatherians have a large medial terminal nucleus[Pettigrew et al. (1989)]
is_a: UBERON:0013598 {source="FMA"} ! accessory nucleus of optic tract
xref: FMA:77653 ! Medial accessory nucleus of optic tract
xref: ABA:MT ! Medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
synonym: "medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract" EXACT [ABA:MT]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002737
name: lateral inferior limiting sulcus
xref: FMA:74523 ! Lateral inferior limiting sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1540 ! Lateral inferior limiting sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0008334 {source="FMA"} ! subarachnoid sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002290
name: choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
def: "A choroid plexus that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "4th ventricle choroid plexus" RELATED []
synonym: "chorioid plexus of fourth ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "fourth ventricle choroid plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus fourth ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0001446]
xref: FMA:78492 ! Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
xref: MA:0000983 ! fourth ventricle choroid plexus
xref: ZFA:0001446 ! choroid plexus fourth ventricle
xref: VHOG:0001375 ! choroid plexus fourth ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002422 ! fourth ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_of_the_Fourth_Ventricle ! Choroid Plexus of the Fourth Ventricle
xref: SCTID:42214001 ! Entire choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
xref: TAO:0001446 ! choroid plexus fourth ventricle
xref: UMLS:C0152293

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009571 ! ventral midline
name: ventral midline
def: "In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate." [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators, PMID:12075342]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="FMA"} ! embryonic structure
xref: FBbt:00000093 ! ventral midline

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002291 ! central canal
name: central canal
alt_id: UBERON:0002220
def: "Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: previously mapped to FMA:75364. Note some ontologies (NIF, SNOMED) subdivide this into lumbar, thoracic, etc. Note we follow FMA in distinguishing between the canal and the lumen
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "central canal of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "neural lumen" RELATED []
synonym: "spinal cord central canal" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricle of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:78497]
synonym: "canalis centralis" EXACT [ZFA:0000938]
xref: FMA:78497 ! Central canal of spinal cord
xref: MA:0001117 ! spinal cord central canal
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1409
xref: TAO:0000938 ! central canal
xref: ZFA:0000938 ! central canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Central_Canal ! Central Canal of Spinal Cord
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0004111 {source="cjm"} ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 {source="MA"} ! spinal cord
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001359 ! cerebrospinal fluid
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005281 {source="FMA"} ! ventricular system of central nervous system
xref: SCTID:279447004 ! Entire central spinal cord canal
xref: EHDAA2:0004361 ! spinal cord central canal
xref: UMLS:C0459414

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009572
name: lumen of central canal of spinal cord
def: "A cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord. The central canal is contiguous with the ventricular system of the brain. The central canal represents the adult remainder of the neural tube." [Wikipedia:Central_canal]
synonym: "cavity of central canal of spinal cord" EXACT  [FMA:242845]
synonym: "central canal lumen" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0002291 ! central canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002291 ! central canal
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001359 ! cerebrospinal fluid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005281 {source="FMA-modified"} ! ventricular system of central nervous system
xref: FMA:242845 ! lumen of central canal of spinal cord


[Term]
id: UBERON:0001173
name: biliary tree
def: "Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consists of the bile ducts[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Biliary_tract, FMA:14665]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "biliary tract" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14665 ! Biliary tree
xref: XAO:0000455 ! biliary tree
xref: GAID:279 ! biliary tract
xref: MA:0001273 ! biliary tract
xref: ncithesaurus:Biliary_Tract ! Biliary Tract
xref: MESH:A03.159 ! biliary tract
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004912 ! biliary bud
xref: AAO:0011020 ! biliary tree
xref: SCTID:181267003 ! Entire biliary tract
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011020", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="UBERON:0001173"}
xref: UMLS:C0005423

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002294
name: biliary system
def: "Anatomical system that consists of the organs and ducts (bile ducts, gallbladder, and associated structures) that are involved in the production and transportation of bile." [Wikipedia:Biliary_system]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "biliary apparatus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:79646 ! Biliary system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png/200px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: SCTID:361354009 ! Entire biliary system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002295
name: scala media
def: "An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Scala media houses the organ of Corti. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scala_media]
comment: TODO: check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cochlear duct" RELATED []
xref: FMA:79789 ! Scala media
xref: MA:0002458 ! scala media
xref: EHDAA2:0000262 ! cochlear duct (also: UBERON:0001855 'cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gray928.png/200px-Gray928.png
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009664
name: gut mesentery
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001179 {source="EHDAA2"} ! peritoneal cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0004566 ! gut mesentery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002296 ! dorsal mesentery
name: dorsal mesentery
def: "The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery, Wikipedia:Mesentery#Development, ZFIN:curator]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal mesogastrium" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery]
xref: EHDAA:3019 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: EHDAA:3033 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: EHDAA:3921 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: EHDAA:3934 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: EHDAA:3957 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: EHDAA:3971 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: EHDAA2:0004560 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: FMA:79795 ! Dorsal mesentery
xref: TAO:0005130 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: ZFA:0005130 ! dorsal mesentery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gray985.png/200px-Gray985.png
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="FMA"} ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009664 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gut mesentery
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
xref: SCTID:308823000 ! Entire dorsal mesentery
synonym: "mesenterium dorsale commune" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray985.png
property_value: external_definition "The mesentery that originates from the dorsal side of the peritoneal cavity.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005130", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005602
name: dorsal mesogastrium
def: "The portion of mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is named the dorsal mesentery (or dorsal mesogastrium, when referring to the portion at the stomach), and the part which suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery]
synonym: "dorsal mesentery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dorsal_mesentery]
xref: MA:0001618 ! dorsal mesogastrium
xref: EHDAA2:0000416 ! dorsal mesogastrium
xref: EMAPA:17025 ! dorsal mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18903 ! dorsal mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of gut
xref: VHOG:0000352 ! dorsal mesogastrium
xref: EHDAA:3001 ! dorsal mesogastrium
is_a: UBERON:0003281 {source="MA"} ! mesentery of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003281 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesentery of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002296 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dorsal mesentery
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Mesogastrium ! Dorsal Mesogastrium
property_value: external_definition "The dorsal sheet of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach. The greater omentum develops from the dorsal mesogastrium. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000352", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1512038

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009668
name: ventral mesentery
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009664 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gut mesentery
xref: EHDAA2:0004569 ! ventral mesentery
xref: SCTID:361430000 ! Ventral mesentery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005626
name: ventral mesogastrium
def: "Ventral mesentery is the part of the peritoneum closest to the navel." [Wikipedia:Ventral_mesentery]
comment: "The primitive gut is enveloped by a mesentery that has a dorsal and a ventral aspect. The ventral mesentery degenerates during development with the exception of the foregut ventral mesentery, which develops into specialized structures (see foregut embryology)" [http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/embryology/gi/pgm.htm]. todo - check
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ventral mesentery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ventral_mesentery]
xref: MA:0001621 ! ventral mesogastrium
xref: EHDAA2:0002176 ! ventral mesogastrium
xref: ZFA:0005133 ! ventral mesentery
xref: EMAPA:17026 ! ventral mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18907 ! ventral mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of gut
xref: VHOG:0000351 ! ventral mesogastrium
xref: EHDAA:3005 ! ventral mesogastrium
is_a: UBERON:0003281 ! mesentery of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003281 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesentery of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009668 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ventral mesentery
xref: ncithesaurus:Ventral_Mesogastrium ! Ventral Mesogastrium
xref: TAO:0005133 ! ventral mesentery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray984.png
property_value: external_definition "The mesentery that originates from the ventral side of the peritoneal cavity.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005133", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The ventral sheet of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach. The lesser omentum develops from the ventral mesogastrium. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000351", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1519967

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003281
name: mesentery of stomach
def: "The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium]
comment: todo - check primitive vs developed
synonym: "stomach mesentery" EXACT [Obol:obol]
synonym: "mesogastium" EXACT [MA:0001617]
synonym: "mesogaster" EXACT [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium]
synonym: "mesogastrium" EXACT [http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html]
synonym: "mesentery of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:2999 ! mesentery
xref: MA:0001617 ! stomach mesentery
xref: VHOG:0000358 ! mesogastrium
xref: EHDAA2:0001922 ! stomach mesentery
xref: EMAPA:17024 ! mesentery of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18902 ! mesentery of stomach of gut
is_a: UBERON:0004854 {source="MA"} ! gastrointestinal system mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000945 {source="MA"} ! stomach
xref: SCTID:261623000 ! Entire mesogastrium
property_value: external_definition "The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000358", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesogastrium", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013211
name: cerumen gland
def: "A specialized sudoriferous gland (sweat glands) located subcutaneously in the external auditory canal. Ceruminous glands are simple, coiled, tubular glands made up of an inner secretory layer of cells and an outer myoepithelial layer of cells. The glands drain into larger ducts, which then drain into the guard hairs that reside in the external auditory canal. Here they produce cerumen, or earwax, by mixing their secretion with sebum and dead epidermal cells. Cerumen keeps the eardrum pliable, lubricates and cleans the external auditory canal, waterproofs the canal, kills bacteria, and serves as a barrier to trap foreign particles (dust, fungal spores, etc.) by coating the guard hairs of the ear, making them sticky." [Wikipedia:Ceruminous_glands]
synonym: "ceruminous gland" EXACT  []
synonym: "cerumen-secreting gland" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0000382 ! apocrine sweat gland
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001352 ! external acoustic meatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
relationship: secretes UBERON:0002297 ! cerumen
xref: ncithesaurus:Ceruminous_Gland ! ceruminous gland
xref: SCTID:368648008 ! Entire ceruminous gland
xref: UMLS:C0229352

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002297
name: cerumen
def: "The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal[MESH]." [MESH:A12.200.147, Wikipedia:Cerumen]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ear wax" EXACT []
xref: ENVO:02000028
xref: FMA:79869 ! Cerumen
xref: GAID:1158 ! cerumen
xref: MA:0002506 ! cerumen
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerumen ! Cerumen
xref: MESH:A12.200.147 ! cerumen
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001352 ! external acoustic meatus
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cerumenous" xsd:string
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cerumenal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0740486

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002300
name: obsolete ventricle
is_obsolete: true
def: "A chamber of an organ with cavitated organ parts. Examples: right ventricle of heart, lateral ventricle of brain." [Wikipedia:Ventricle_of_the_larynx]
consider: FMA:82553 ! Ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002301
name: layer of neocortex
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "cerebral cortex layer" RELATED [MA:0000186]
synonym: "neocortex layer" EXACT []
synonym: "cortical layer" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83138 ! Layer of neocortex
xref: MA:0000186 ! neocortex layer
xref: ABA:CTX1-6b ! Cerebral cortex, layers 1-6b
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005390
name: cortical layer I
def: "The most superficial layer of the neocortex characterized by a paucity of cell bodies." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "molecular layer" RELATED []
synonym: "plexiform layer" RELATED []
synonym: "molecular layer of neocortex" EXACT [FMA:83900]
synonym: "neocortex layer I" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "layer 1 of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "layer I of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "molecular layer of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "neocortex layer 1" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "neocortex molecular layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "neocortex plexiform layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "plexiform layer of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807]
synonym: "molecular layer of isocortex [layer i]" EXACT [FMA:83900]
synonym: "cerebral cortex, layer 1" EXACT [ABA:CTX1]
synonym: "molecular layer of cerebral cortex" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Molecular_layer]
xref: MA:0000897 ! cortical layer I
xref: FMA:83900 ! Molecular layer of neocortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090807 ! Neocortex layer 1 
xref: BTO:0004906 ! molecular layer
xref: ABA:CTX1 ! Cerebral cortex, layer 1
xref: ncithesaurus:Molecular_Layer ! Molecular Layer of the Cerebral Cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002301 ! layer of neocortex
synonym: "lamina molecularis isocorticis [lamina i]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83900]
xref: UMLS:C1709063

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005391
name: cortical layer II
def: "Layer of neocortex lying just deep to molecular layer characterized by numerous small cell bodies." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808]
synonym: "external granule cell layer of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808]
synonym: "layer II of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808]
synonym: "neocortex layer 2" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808]
synonym: "neocortex layer II" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808]
synonym: "external granular layer" RELATED []
synonym: "external granular layer of cerebral cortex" RELATED []
synonym: "external granular layer of neocortex" EXACT [FMA:77804]
synonym: "external granular layer of isocortex [layer ii]" EXACT [FMA:77804]
synonym: "cerebral cortex, layer 2" EXACT [ABA:CTX2]
xref: MA:0000898 ! cortical layer II
xref: FMA:77804 ! External granular layer of neocortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090808 ! Neocortex layer 2
xref: ABA:CTX2 ! Cerebral cortex, layer 2
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Granular_Layer ! External Granular Layer of the Cerebral Cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002301 ! layer of neocortex
relationship: immediately_deep_to UBERON:0005390 ! cortical layer I
synonym: "lamina granularis externa isocorticis [lamina ii]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77804]
xref: UMLS:C1517039

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005392
name: cortical layer III
def: "Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external granule cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by numerous small pyramidal neurons." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809]
synonym: "external pyramidal cell layer of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809]
synonym: "layer 3 of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809]
synonym: "layer III of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809]
synonym: "neocortex external pyramidal cell layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809]
synonym: "neocortex layer 3" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809]
synonym: "neocortex layer III" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809]
synonym: "pyramidal layer" RELATED []
synonym: "external pyramidal layer of neocortex" EXACT [FMA:77810]
synonym: "external pyramidal cell layer" EXACT [FMA:77810]
synonym: "external pyramidal layer of isocortex [layer iii]" EXACT [FMA:77810]
synonym: "external pyramidal layer of cerebral cortex" RELATED [ncithesaurus:External_Pyramidal_Cell_Layer]
synonym: "cerebral cortex, layer 3" EXACT [ABA:CTX3]
xref: ABA:CTX3 ! Cerebral cortex, layer 3
xref: MA:0000899 ! cortical layer III
xref: FMA:77810 ! External pyramidal layer of neocortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090809 ! Neocortex layer 3
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Pyramidal_Cell_Layer ! External Pyramidal Cell Layer of the Cerebral Cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002301 ! layer of neocortex
relationship: immediately_deep_to UBERON:0005391 ! cortical layer II
synonym: "lamina pyramidalis externa isocorticis [lamina iii]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77810]
xref: UMLS:C1517046

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005393
name: cortical layer IV
def: "Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by the presence of numerous small cells" [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "internal granule cell layer of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "layer 4 of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "layer IV of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "neocortex internal granule cell layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "neocortex layer 4" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "neocortex layer IV" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "neocortical internal granule cell layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "neocortical layer IV" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810]
synonym: "internal granular layer" RELATED []
synonym: "internal granular layer of neocortex" EXACT [FMA:77811]
synonym: "internal granular layer of isocortex [layer iv]" EXACT [FMA:77811]
synonym: "cerebral cortex, layer 4" EXACT [ABA:CTX4]
xref: MA:0000900 ! cortical layer IV
xref: FMA:77811 ! Internal granular layer of neocortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090810 ! Neocortex layer 4
xref: ABA:CTX4 ! Cerebral cortex, layer 4
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Granular_Layer ! Internal Granular Layer of the Cerebral Cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002301 ! layer of neocortex
relationship: immediately_deep_to UBERON:0005392 ! cortical layer III
synonym: "lamina granularis interna isocorticis [lamina iv]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77811]
xref: UMLS:C1512872

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005394
name: cortical layer V
def: "Layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal granule cell layer (layer 4) defined cytoarchitecturally by the predominance of large pyramidal cell bodies" [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "internal pyramidal cell layer of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "layer 5 of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "layer V of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "neocortex internal pyramidal cell layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "neocortex layer 5" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "neocortex layer V" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "neocortical layer 5" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "neocortical layer V" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811]
synonym: "ganglionic layer" RELATED []
synonym: "ganglionic layer of cerebral cortex" RELATED []
synonym: "internal pyramidal layer of neocortex" EXACT [FMA:77812]
synonym: "betz' cells" EXACT [FMA:77812]
synonym: "internal pyramidal layer of isocortex [layer v]" EXACT [FMA:77812]
synonym: "cerebral cortex, layer 5" EXACT [ABA:CTX5]
xref: MA:0000901 ! cortical layer V
xref: FMA:77812 ! Internal pyramidal layer of neocortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090811 ! Neocortex layer 5
xref: ABA:CTX5 ! Cerebral cortex, layer 5
xref: ncithesaurus:Ganglionic_Layer ! Ganglionic Layer of the Cerebral Cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002301 ! layer of neocortex
relationship: immediately_deep_to UBERON:0005393 ! cortical layer IV
synonym: "lamina pyramidalis interna isocorticis [lamina v]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77812]
xref: UMLS:C1517447

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005395
name: cortical layer VI
def: "Innermost layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by cells of varying size." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "layer VI of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "multiform layer of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "neocortex layer 6" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "neocortex layer VI" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "neocortex multiform layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "neocortical layer 6" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "neocortical layer VI" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "pleiomorphic layer of neocortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812]
synonym: "multiform layer" RELATED []
synonym: "multiform layer of neocortex" EXACT [FMA:77805]
synonym: "multiform layer of isocortex [layer vi]" EXACT [FMA:77805]
synonym: "cerebral cortex, layer 6 " EXACT [ABA:CTX6]
xref: MA:0000902 ! cortical layer VI
xref: FMA:77805 ! Multiform layer of neocortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090812 ! Neocortex layer 6
xref: ABA:CTX6 ! Cerebral cortex, layer 6 
is_a: UBERON:0002301 ! layer of neocortex
relationship: immediately_deep_to UBERON:0005394 ! cortical layer V
synonym: "lamina multiformis isocorticis [lamina vi]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77805]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005168 ! interlobular vein
name: interlobular vein
def: "The venae stellatae join to form the interlobular veins, which pass inward between the rays, receive branches from the plexuses around the convoluted tubules, and, having arrived at the bases of the renal pyramids, join with the venae rectae" [Wikipedia:Interlobular_veins]
xref: EMAPA:28218 ! interlobular vein
xref: MA:0002594 ! interlobular vein
xref: FMA:71634 ! set of interlobular veins of kidney
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
synonym: "venae interlobulares renis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71634]
synonym: "venae interlobulares renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Interlobular_veins]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png
synonym: "set of interlobular veins of kidney" RELATED [FMA:71634]
synonym: "interlobular veins of kidney" RELATED [FMA:71634]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002303
name: juxtaglomerular apparatus
def: "An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP]." [GO:0072206, Wikipedia:Juxtaglomerular_apparatus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "complexus juxtaglomerularis" RELATED LATIN []
synonym: "juxtaglomerular complex" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83599 ! Juxtaglomerular complex
xref: GAID:432 ! juxtaglomerular apparatus
xref: MA:0002546 ! juxtaglomerular complex
xref: EMAPA:30449 ! juxtaglomerular complex
xref: ncithesaurus:Juxtaglomerular_Apparatus ! Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.520.520 ! juxtaglomerular apparatus
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
relationship: has_part CL:0000648 ! juxtaglomerular cell
relationship: capable_of GO:0003093 {source="GO"} ! regulation of glomerular filtration
xref: SCTID:362219002 ! Entire juxtaglomerular apparatus
xref: UMLS:C0022445

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004738
name: metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus
def: "juxtaglomerular apparatus of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros." [GO:0072206]
synonym: "juxtaglomerular apparatus of metanephros" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002303 ! juxtaglomerular apparatus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010533 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephros cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002310
name: hippocampus fimbria
def: "A prominent band of white matter along the medial edge of the hippocampus[WP]." [Wikipedia:Fimbria_of_hippocampus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hippocampal fimbria" EXACT [MP:0009324]
synonym: "fimbria hippocampus" EXACT []
synonym: "neuraxis fimbria" EXACT []
synonym: "fimbria" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1502]
synonym: "fimbria of the fornix" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1502]
synonym: "fimbria-fornix" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1502]
synonym: "fimbria of hippocampus" EXACT [FMA:83866]
xref: FMA:83866 ! Fimbria of hippocampus
xref: MA:0000949 ! fimbria hippocampus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1502 ! Fimbria of hippocampus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray749.png/200px-Gray749.png
xref: BM:Tel-FI ! fimbria of hippocampus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001954 {source="MA"} ! hippocampus
xref: ncithesaurus:Fimbria ! Fimbria
xref: SCTID:369096000 ! Entire fimbria of hippocampus
synonym: "fimbria hippocampi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fimbria_of_hippocampus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray749.png
xref: UMLS:C0152315

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002305
name: layer of hippocampus
def: "the layers of the laminar structure of the hippocampus." [MP:0000813, Wikipedia:Hippocampus_anatomy#Hippocampal_Cells_and_Layers]
comment: TODO - check NIF xref
synonym: "hippocampus layer" EXACT []
synonym: "cytoarchitectural fields of hippocampal formation" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1192]
xref: FMA:83679 ! Layer of hippocampus
xref: MA:0002427 ! hippocampus layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1192 ! Cytoarchitectural fields of hippocampal formation
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001954 ! Ammon's horn

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007639
name: hippocampus alveus
def: "Regional part of fornix consisting of a thin layer of white matter on the surface of the hippocampal formation, bordering the wall of the lateral ventricle and composed of white, myelinated fibers. The alveus arises from cell bodies in the subiculum and hippocampus, and eventually merges with the fimbria of the hippocampus. The fimbria goes on to become the fornix (MM: 2006-10-26)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1510]
comment: todo - check xref: ncithesaurus:Alveus ! Alveus
synonym: "alveus" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1510]
synonym: "neuraxis alveus" EXACT  [FMA:83867]
synonym: "alveus of hippocampus" EXACT  [FMA:83867]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1510 ! Alveus
xref: FMA:83867 ! alveus of hippocampus
is_a: UBERON:0002305 {source="Wikipedia"} ! layer of hippocampus
xref: SCTID:369094002 ! Entire alveus of hippocampus
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveus ! Alveus
xref: UMLS:C0228247

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005371
name: hippocampus stratum oriens
def: "The term Stratum oriens is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the hippocampus that is deep to the Stratum pyramidale hippocampi and superficial to the alveus (Stephan-75)." [nif_annot:NeuroNames_defSource]
synonym: "stratum oriens" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113]
synonym: "oriens layer of hippocampus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113]
synonym: "polymorphic layer of hippocampus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113]
synonym: "oriens layer of the hippocampus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113]
synonym: "polymorphic layer of the hippocampus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113]
xref: MA:0000958 ! hippocampus stratum oriens
xref: FMA:83893 ! Oriens layer of hippocampus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4113 ! Stratum oriens
is_a: UBERON:0002305 ! layer of hippocampus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002313
name: hippocampus pyramidal layer
alt_id: UBERON:0005369
def: "A cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the hippocampus in which pyramidal cells are predominant. Its location is superficial to the Stratum oriens; it is deep to the Stratum radiatum in area CA1 and area CA2 and deep to the Stratum lucidum in area CA3 (Stephan-75) (NeuroNames)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444]
synonym: "hippocampus stratum pyramidale" RELATED []
synonym: "stratum pyramidale hippocampi" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444]
synonym: "pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444]
synonym: "stratum pyramidale" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444]
synonym: "pyramidal layer of hippocampus" EXACT [FMA:83895]
xref: FMA:83895 ! Pyramidal layer of hippocampus
xref: MA:0000956 ! hippocampus pyramidal layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1444 ! Stratum pyramidale hippocampi
xref: BTO:0001066 ! hippocampal pyramidal layer
is_a: UBERON:0002305 ! layer of hippocampus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007637
name: hippocampus stratum lucidum
def: "A cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the CA3 field of the HIPPOCAMPUS that is deep to the Stratum pyramidale hippocampi and superficial to the Stratum radiatum (Hof-2000)." [nif_annot:NeuroNames_defSource, Wikipedia:Stratum_lucidum_of_hippocampus]
synonym: "stratum lucidum" BROAD  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4108]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4108 ! Stratum lucidum
is_a: UBERON:0002305 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! layer of hippocampus
xref: ncithesaurus:Stratum_Lucidum ! Stratum Lucidum (also: UBERON:0002071 'stratum lucidum of epidermis')
synonym: "stratum lucidum hippocampi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stratum_lucidum_of_hippocampus]
xref: SCTID:419156002 ! Entire stratum lucidum (also: UBERON:0002071 'stratum lucidum of epidermis')
xref: UMLS:C0221922

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005372
name: hippocampus stratum radiatum
def: "The layer located immediately above the pyramidal cell layer in CA2 and CA1 and superficial to the stratum lucidum in CA3. Suprapyramidal region in which CA3 to CA3 associational connections and CA3 to CA1 Schaffer collateral connections are located." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1298]
synonym: "stratum radiatum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1298]
synonym: "radiate layer of hippocampus" EXACT [FMA:83894]
xref: MA:0000959 ! hippocampus stratum radiatum
xref: FMA:83894 ! Radiate layer of hippocampus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1298 ! Stratum radiatum
is_a: UBERON:0002305 ! layer of hippocampus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007640 ! hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare
name: hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare
def: "A cytoarchitectural term denoting the outermost layer of the hippocampus (Stephan-75) (NeuroNames)." [nif_annot:NeuroNames_defSource]
synonym: "stratum lacunosum moleculare" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1359]
synonym: "stratum lacunosum-moleculare" EXACT [ABA:ABA]
synonym: "lacunar-molecular layer of hippocampus" EXACT [FMA:83149]
xref: FMA:83149 ! Lacunar-molecular layer of hippocampus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1359 ! Stratum lacunosum moleculare
is_a: UBERON:0002305 ! layer of hippocampus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005370
name: hippocampus stratum lacunosum
comment: Due to its small size, it is often grouped together with stratum moleculare into a single stratum called stratum lacunosum-moleculare[WP]
synonym: "lacunar layer of hippocampus" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000957 ! hippocampus stratum lacunosum
is_a: UBERON:0002305 ! layer of hippocampus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007640 ! hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005368
name: hippocampus molecular layer
def: "A cytoarchitectural region of the hippocampus consisting of a composite of the two outermost layers of the hippocampus, the Stratum lacunosum-moleculare and the Stratum radiatum (Carpenter-83)." [nif_annot:NeuroNames_defSource]
synonym: "hippocampus stratum moleculare" RELATED []
synonym: "hippocampal molecular layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1211]
synonym: "molecular layer of hippocampus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1211]
xref: MA:0000955 ! hippocampus molecular layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1211 ! Hippocampal molecular layer
is_a: UBERON:0002305 ! layer of hippocampus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007640 ! hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005367
name: hippocampus granule cell layer
comment: todo - check
xref: MA:0000954 ! hippocampus granule cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0002305 ! layer of hippocampus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002306
name: nasal mucus
def: "In the respiratory system mucus aids in the protection of the lungs by trapping foreign particles that enter it, particularly through the nose, during normal breathing. Phlegm is a specialized term for mucus that is restricted to the respiratory tract, while the term mucus more globally describes secretions of the nasal passages as well." [Wikipedia:Nasal_mucus#Respiratory_system]
comment: TODO - split nasal vs respiratory tract?
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "respiratory mucus" EXACT [BTO:0003603]
xref: FMA:83688 ! Nasal mucus
xref: MA:0002535 ! nasal mucus
xref: BTO:0003603 ! respiratory mucus
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Mucus ! Nasal Mucus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000912 ! mucus
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0004785 ! respiratory system mucosa
xref: UMLS:C0225392

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002307
name: choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
def: "A choroid plexus that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "chorioid plexus of lateral ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral ventricle choroid plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0001447]
xref: FMA:83711 ! Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
xref: MA:0000961 ! lateral ventricle choroid plexus
xref: ZFA:0001447 ! choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle
xref: VHOG:0001376 ! choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! lateral ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! lateral ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle ! Choroid Plexus of the Lateral Ventricle
xref: SCTID:70064002 ! Entire choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0004449 ! lateral ventricle choroid plexus
xref: TAO:0001447 ! choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle
xref: UMLS:C0152289

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002309
name: medial longitudinal fasciculus
def: "The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a pair of crossed fiber tracts, one on each side of the brainstem. These bundles of axons are situated near the midline of the brainstem and are composed of both ascending and descending fibers that arise from a number of sources and terminate in different areas. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "MLF" RELATED [ZFA:0000543]
xref: FMA:83846 ! Medial longitudinal fasciculus
xref: TAO:0000543 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
xref: ZFA:0000543 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
xref: BTO:0003951 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gray711.png/200px-Gray711.png
is_a: UBERON:0005838 ! fasciculus of brain
xref: SCTID:362397001 ! Entire medial longitudinal fasciculus
synonym: "fasciculus longitudinalis medialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray711.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005159
name: pyramid of medulla oblongata
def: "The anterior or ventral portion of the medulla oblongata is named the pyramid and lies between the anterior median fissure and the antero-lateral sulcus. Its upper end is slightly constricted, and between it and the pons the fibers of the abducent nerve emerge; a little below the pons it becomes enlarged and prominent, and finally tapers into the anterior funiculus of the medulla spinalis, with which, at first sight, it appears to be directly continuous[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pyramid_(brainstem)]
synonym: "lobule VIII of Larsell" EXACT [FMA:75254]
synonym: "medullary pyramid" EXACT [FMA:75254]
synonym: "pyramid of medulla oblongata" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pyramid_(brainstem)]
synonym: "pyramid of medulla" EXACT [FMA:75254]
xref: FMA:75254 ! pyramid of medulla
xref: BM:Me-Py ! pyramid
is_a: UBERON:0002678 ! regional part of medulla oblongata
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004200 ! kidney pyramid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:9535007 ! Pyramid of medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002315
name: gray matter of spinal cord
def: "the ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue." [MP:0008503]
synonym: "grey matter of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "grey substance of spinal cord" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal cord grey matter" EXACT []
synonym: "gray matter of neuraxis of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord gray matter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord gray matter of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord grey substance" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:256580 ! Gray matter of spinal cord
xref: MA:0000002 ! spinal cord grey matter
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100204 ! Spinal cord grey matter
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Gray_Matter_of_the_Spinal_Cord ! Gray Matter of the Spinal Cord
xref: SCTID:279441003 ! Entire spinal cord gray matter
synonym: "gray substance of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256580]
xref: UMLS:C0475853

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002316
name: white matter
def: "Neural tissue consisting of myelinated axons connecting grey matter areas of the central nervous system." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:White_matter]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "white substance" EXACT []
synonym: "white matter of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:83929]
synonym: "neuronal white matter" EXACT [AEO:0001011]
xref: FMA:83929 ! White matter of neuraxis
xref: MA:0001135 ! white matter
xref: ZFA:0001682 ! white matter
xref: ncithesaurus:White_Matter ! White Matter
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOAsDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! white matter
xref: AEO:0000139 ! white matter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg/200px-Spinal_nerve.svg.png
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:Class_2 ! White matter
xref: AEO:0001011 ! neuronal white matter
is_a: UBERON:0003714 {source="AEO"} ! neural tissue
is_a: UBERON:0011215 {source="FMA"} ! cell part cluster of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
relationship: has_part UBERON:0006135 ! myelinated nerve fiber
relationship: has_part GO:0043209 ! myelin sheath
relationship: has_part GO:0030424 ! axon
xref: TAO:0000145 ! CNS tracts and commissures
xref: TAO:0002142 ! white matter
xref: TAO:0002143 ! CNS white matter
synonym: "substantia alba" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:White_matter]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Grey_matter_and_white_matter_-_very_high_mag.jpg
xref: VHOG:0001764 ! white matter
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue structure comprised largely of myelinated axons.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002142", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "white mater" RELATED [VHOG:0001764]
synonym: "CNS tracts and commissures" RELATED [TAO:0000145]
synonym: "CNS white matter" RELATED [TAO:0002143]
property_value: homology_notes "The myelination of axons by glial cells was the last major step in the evolution of cells in the vertebrate nervous system, and white-matter tracts are key to the architecture of the mammalian brain.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001764", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nature09614 Nave KA\, Myelination and support of axonal integrity by glia. Nature (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: external_definition "Cell part cluster consisting predominantly of neurites in the brain and the spinal cord[FMA:83929]." xsd:string {source="FMA:83929"}
xref: UMLS:C0682708

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002317
name: white matter of cerebellum
comment: note that in NIF this is a composite structure; in MA and FMA it is explicitly part of cerebellum. This leads to consistency problems with strict parcellation schemes like ABA, see cerebellar peduncles. In NIF this is a composite structure, this is followed partially here in weakening the relationship to overlaps
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cerebellum white matter" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellar white matter" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83943 ! White matter of cerebellum
xref: MA:0002430 ! cerebellum white matter
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebellum_White_Matter ! Cerebellum White Matter
xref: ZFA:0001708 ! cerebellar white matter
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1562 ! Cerebellar white matter
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002037 {source="FMA-weakened",source="MA-weakened"} ! cerebellum
xref: SCTID:362412009 ! Entire cerebellar white matter
xref: TAO:0002183 ! cerebellar white matter
property_value: external_definition "CNS white matter that is part of the cerebellum.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002183", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0152381

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002319
name: mesangium
def: "inner layer of the glomerulus, within the basement membrane surrounding the glomerular capillaries." [Wikipedia:Mesangium, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=974957]
comment: WP considers this the same as glomerular mesangium. In MA, glomerular and extraglomerular are distingsuished.
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:84139 ! Mesangium
xref: MA:0002617 ! mesangium
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesangium ! Mesangium
xref: BTO:0002494 ! mesangium
xref: EMAPA:28248 ! glomerular mesangium of glomerular tuft (also: UBERON:0002320 'glomerular mesangium')
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.520.380 ! glomerular mesangium (also: UBERON:0002320 'glomerular mesangium')
is_a: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005215 ! kidney interstitium
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mesangial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0017655

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002320
name: glomerular mesangium
def: "A thin membrane which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. It is connective tissue composed of mesangial cells - myofibroblasts phenotypically related to vascular smooth muscle cells (MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR), PHAGOCYTES and the mesangial EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX." [Wikipedia:Glomerular_mesangium, MESH:A05.810.453.736.520.380]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:84140 ! Glomerular mesangium
xref: GAID:430 ! glomerular mesangium
xref: MA:0002606 ! glomerular mesangium
xref: EMAPA:27961 ! glomerular mesangium of maturing glomerular tuft
xref: EMAPA:28248 ! glomerular mesangium of glomerular tuft (also: UBERON:0002319 'mesangium')
xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.520.380 ! glomerular mesangium (also: UBERON:0002319 'mesangium')
is_a: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002319 ! mesangium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004190 {source="GO"} ! glomerulus vasculature
xref: SCTID:244574009 ! Entire glomerular mesangium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002321
name: extraglomerular mesangium
comment: editor note - check MA part_ofs - should be spatially disjoint from renal glomerulus?
xref: FMA:84141 ! Extraglomerular mesangium
xref: MA:0002602 ! extraglomerular mesangium
xref: EMAPA:28278 ! extraglomerular mesangium
is_a: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001229 {source="MA"} ! renal corpuscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002303 {source="MA"} ! juxtaglomerular apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002319 {source="MA"} ! mesangium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012352
name: mesangial matrix
def: "Extracellular matrix secreted by intraglomerular mesangial cells" [MP:0011338]
synonym: "extracellular mesangial matrix" EXACT  [MP:0011338]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002319 ! mesangium
relationship: secreted_by UBERON:0002320 ! glomerular mesangium
relationship: composed_primarily_of GO:0031012 ! extracellular matrix

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002322
name: periventricular nucleus
def: "." [Wikipedia:Periventricular_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ventral zone of periventricular hypothalamus" EXACT [ZFA:0000260]
xref: FMA:84354 ! Periventricular nucleus
xref: TAO:0000260 ! periventricular nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000260 ! periventricular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002324
name: muscle of back
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "back muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "back muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:85216 ! Muscle of back
xref: MA:0000496 ! back muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002325
name: epithelium of urethra
def: "The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.." [GO:0061071]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "urethra epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "urethral epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:85275 ! Epithelium of urethra
xref: MA:0001686 ! urethra epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Urethra_Epithelium ! Urethra Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="GO"} ! epithelial tube
is_a: UBERON:0005911 ! endo-epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
xref: UMLS:C1710584

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002326
name: lamina propria of urethra
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "urethra lamina propria" EXACT []
synonym: "urethral lamina propria" RELATED []
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:85276 ! Lamina propria of urethra
xref: MA:0001689 ! urethra lamina propria
is_a: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002327
name: trunk of intercostal nerve
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "intercostal nerve trunk" EXACT []
synonym: "intercostal neural trunk" EXACT []
xref: FMA:85315 ! Trunk of intercostal nerve
xref: MA:0001176 ! intercostal nerve trunk
is_a: UBERON:0001147 ! trunk of peripheral nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002328
name: notochord
def: "a flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube." [ISBN:0815318960, Wikipedia:Notochord, http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/25]
comment: Development notes: In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord. // The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "embryonic notocord" EXACT []
synonym: "notocord" EXACT [ZFA:0000135]
xref: AAO:0000327 ! notochord
xref: EHDAA:1241 ! notochord
xref: EHDAA:6021 ! notochord
xref: FMA:85521 ! Notochord
xref: GAID:1311 ! notochord
xref: VHOG:0000199 ! notochord
xref: MAT:0000281 ! notochord
xref: TAO:0000135 ! notochord
xref: XAO:0000055 ! notochord
xref: ZFA:0000135 ! notochord
xref: ncithesaurus:Notochord ! Notochord
xref: BTO:0001768 ! notochord
xref: EHDAA2:0001277 ! notochord
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png
xref: EMAPA:16191 ! notochord
xref: MESH:A16.254.610 ! notochord
xref: EV:0100002 ! notochord
xref: VSAO:0000032 ! notochord
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="VSAO"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: existence_starts_during UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004880 {source="ZFA"} ! chordamesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006267 {source="EHDAA2"} ! notochordal plate
relationship: dorsal_to UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
relationship: ventral_to UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499"} ! Chordata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011137 ! axial skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674"} ! embryo
relationship: secretes PR:000014841 ! sonic hedgehog protein
xref: SCTID:308820002 ! Entire notochord
synonym: "notochorda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Notochord]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png
xref: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/history/notochords.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000327", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000327", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000135", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000032", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000199", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "notochordal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0028439

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006267
name: notochordal plate
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
def: "The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord." [VHOG:0001212]
comment: TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB
xref: EMAPA:16101 ! notochordal plate
xref: EHDAA2:0001278 ! notochordal plate
xref: VHOG:0001212 ! notochordal plate
xref: EHDAA:264 ! notochordal plate
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006268 {source="EHDAA2"} ! notochordal process
xref: ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Plate ! Notochordal Plate
property_value: external_definition "The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001212", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1518429

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006268
name: notochordal process
def: "a midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot" [http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/05embryonicperiod.htm]
comment: The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth.  In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm.  This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth.  At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus.
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "chordamesoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "presumptive notochord" RELATED []
xref: EMAPA:16102 ! notochordal process
xref: EHDAA2:0001279 ! notochordal process
xref: VHOG:0001213 ! notochordal process
xref: EHDAA:224 ! notochordal process
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ectoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Notochordal_Process ! Notochordal Process
xref: UMLS:C1518430

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003068
name: axial mesoderm
def: "The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord." [GO:0048318, Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "chordamesoderm" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chordamesoderm]
xref: VHOG:0000107 ! axial mesoderm
xref: TAO:0001204 ! axial mesoderm
xref: XAO:0000205 ! axial mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0001204 ! axial mesoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png
xref: EFO:0003647 ! axial mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011017 ! axial mesoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png
property_value: external_definition "The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000107", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004880 ! chordamesoderm
name: chordamesoderm
def: "The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: note that WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm. Induces neural tube. Gilbert: contains an anterior head process and the notochord.
synonym: "axial chorda mesoderm" EXACT [ZFA:0000091]
synonym: "presumptive notochord" EXACT [ZFA:0000091]
synonym: "chorda mesoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal mesoderm" EXACT [UBERONREF:0000002]
xref: ZFA:0000091 ! axial chorda mesoderm
xref: AAO:0000478 ! presumptive notochord
xref: EFO:0003426 ! axial chorda mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003068 ! axial mesoderm
xref: TAO:0000091 ! axial chorda mesoderm
property_value: external_definition "Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]." xsd:string {source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011288
name: stomochord
def: "A flexible, hollow tube that arises in embryonic development as an outpocketing from the roof of the embryonic gut anterior to the pharynx. In adults, they extend dorsally from the pharynx into the probiscis, and serve to communicate with the oral cavity. Their walls are composed primarily of epithelial cells, but ciliated and glandular cells are also present" [Wikipedia:Stomochord]
synonym: "stomatochord" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:10219 ! Hemichordata
relationship: existence_starts_during UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007026 ! primitive gut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002330
name: exocrine system
def: "Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]." [Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "exocrine glandular system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002225]
xref: FMA:85539 ! Exocrine system
xref: MA:0002411 ! exocrine system
xref: EHDAA2:0002225 ! exocrine glandular system
xref: ncithesaurus:Exocrine_System ! Exocrine System
xref: WikipediaCategory:Exocrine_system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: UMLS:C1516995

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002333 ! pulmonary trunk
name: pulmonary trunk
def: "Pulmonary arterial trunk which is continuous with the right ventricle.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vessel_or_tree
synonym: "pulmonary artery (trunk)" EXACT []
synonym: "trunk of pulmonary arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: FMA:8612 ! Pulmonary trunk
xref: VHOG:0001134 ! pulmonary trunk
xref: MA:0002033 ! pulmonary trunk
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-6d0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EFO:0001399 ! pulmonary artery (also: UBERON:0002012 'pulmonary artery')
xref: EHDAA:9831 ! pulmonary trunk
xref: galen:PulmonaryTrunk ! pulmonary trunk
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-6d0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pulmonary trunk
xref: EHDAA2:0001576 ! pulmonary trunk
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png
xref: EMAPA:17015 ! pulmonary trunk of aortico-pulmonary spiral septum
xref: EMAPA:18240 ! pulmonary trunk of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png
property_value: external_definition "An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001134", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+trunk", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001134", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.481", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002337
name: endometrial stroma
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "endometrium stroma" EXACT []
synonym: "stroma of endometrium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86487 ! Endometrial stroma
xref: MA:0002734 ! endometrium stroma
xref: ncithesaurus:Endometrial_Stroma ! Endometrial Stroma
is_a: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001295 ! endometrium
xref: SCTID:254115004 ! Entire endometrial stroma
xref: UMLS:C0227849

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002338
name: lamina propria of bronchus
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "bronchus lamina propria" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchi lamina propria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk lamina propria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus lamina propria mucosae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:86619 ! Lamina propria of bronchus
xref: MA:0001836 ! bronchus lamina propria
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Lamina_Propria ! Bronchus Lamina Propria
is_a: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000410 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! bronchial mucosa
xref: UMLS:C1707054

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002339
name: epithelium of lobar bronchus
def: "the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus." [GO:0060481]
synonym: "lobar bronchial epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "lobar bronchus epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:86624 ! Epithelium of lobar bronchus
xref: MA:0001842 ! lobar bronchus epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17390 ! epithelium of lobar bronchus of left lung rudiment
xref: EMAPA:17658 ! epithelium of lobar bronchus of left lung
xref: EMAPA:17666 ! epithelium of lobar bronchus of right lung
xref: EMAPA:17984 ! epithelium of lobar bronchus of accessory lobe
xref: EMAPA:17989 ! epithelium of lobar bronchus of caudal lobe
xref: EMAPA:17994 ! epithelium of lobar bronchus of cranial lobe
xref: EMAPA:18000 ! epithelium of lobar bronchus of middle lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002340
name: epithelium of main bronchus
alt_id: UBERON:0003245
def: "An epithelium that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "main bronchial epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "main bronchus epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchus principalis epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:86625 ! Epithelium of main bronchus
xref: VHOG:0001034 ! main bronchus epithelium
xref: MA:0001847 ! main bronchus epithelium
xref: EHDAA:5003 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001047 ! main bronchus epithelium
xref: EMAPA:16851 ! epithelium of main bronchus
is_a: UBERON:0002031 ! epithelium of bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002341
name: epithelium of segmental bronchus
def: "An epithelium that is part of a segmental bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "segmental bronchial epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "segmental bronchus epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of segmental bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of tertiary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of tertiary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segmental bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tertiary bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tertiary bronchus epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:86626 ! Epithelium of segmental bronchus
xref: MA:0001850 ! segmental bronchus epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0002031 ! epithelium of bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002345
name: descending thoracic aorta
def: "the part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest." [MP:0009868]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:87217 ! Descending thoracic aorta
xref: MA:0002572 ! descending thoracic aorta
xref: EFO:0002527 ! descending thoracic aorta
xref: EMAPA:18605 ! descending (also: UBERON:0001514 'descending aorta')
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001514 ! descending aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001515 ! thoracic aorta
xref: SCTID:181301002 ! Entire descending thoracic aorta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002348
name: epicardium
def: "Region of visceral serous pericardium which has as its part, the mesothelium, subepicardial layer of epicardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that is attached to the myocardium and is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium[FMA]. External layer of the heart[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Epicardium, ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium -- When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "heart epicardium" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral serous pericardium of heart" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral serous pericardium proper" EXACT [FMA:9461]
xref: FMA:9461 ! Epicardium
xref: galen:Epicardium
xref: TAO:0005057 ! epicardium
xref: XAO:0000316 ! epicardium
xref: AAO:0010409 ! epicardium
xref: ZFA:0005057 ! epicardium
xref: ncithesaurus:Epicardium ! Epicardium
xref: VHOG:0000119 ! heart epicardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004160 ! proepicardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002425 ! visceral serous pericardium
xref: AAO:0010409 ! epicardium
xref: EHDAA2:0002202 ! epicardium
synonym: "lamina visceralis pericardii serosi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Epicardium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray968.png
property_value: external_definition "The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010409", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "External layer of the heart.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005057", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0225968

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002425
name: visceral serous pericardium
def: "Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Visceral_pericardium]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "epicardium" RELATED [MA:0000484]
synonym: "visceral lamina of serous pericardium" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral layer of serous pericardium" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral pericardium" EXACT []
synonym: "serous visceral pericardium" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina visceralis pericardii serosi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Epicardium]
xref: FMA:84882 ! Visceral serous pericardium
xref: VHOG:0000538 ! visceral pericardium
xref: MA:0000484 ! visceral serous pericardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png
xref: EMAPA:17176 ! visceral pericardium
xref: EMAPA:19032 ! visceral of serosal pericardium
is_a: UBERON:0002357 ! serous pericardium
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
xref: SCTID:243955001 ! Entire visceral pericardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010131
name: conducting tissue of heart
synonym: "specialized conducting tissue of heart" EXACT  [FMA:83378]
synonym: "specialized muscle tissue of heart" EXACT  [FMA:83378]
is_a: UBERON:0001133 {source="FMA"} ! cardiac muscle tissue
xref: FMA:83378 ! conducting tissue of heart
xref: EHDAA2:0004528 ! conducting muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002350
name: conducting system of heart
def: "The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]" [GO:0003161]
comment: Editor notes: EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue 
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac conduction system" EXACT []
synonym: "cardionector" EXACT []
synonym: "central conduction system" RELATED []
synonym: "impulse conducting system" EXACT [MA:0000094]
synonym: "cardiac impulse conducting system" EXACT [GO:0003161]
synonym: "heart conduction system" EXACT [GO:0003161]
xref: FMA:9476 ! Conducting system of heart
xref: VHOG:0001271 ! cardiac conducting system
xref: TAO:0005063 ! cardiac conduction system
xref: ZFA:0005063 ! cardiac conduction system
xref: MESH:A07.541.409 ! heart conduction system
xref: EV:0100025 ! cardiac conducting system
xref: EFO:0003909 ! heart conduction system
xref: MA:0000094 ! impulse conducting system
is_a: UBERON:0010131 {source="FMA"} ! conducting tissue of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002349 {source="FMA"} ! myocardium
relationship: has_part CL:0002068 {source="FMA"} ! Purkinje myocyte
relationship: has_part CL:0002073 {source="FMA"} ! transitional myocyte
relationship: has_part CL:0002074 {source="FMA"} ! myocardial endocrine cell
relationship: has_part CL:1000409 {source="FMA"} ! myocyte of sinuatrial node
relationship: has_part CL:1000410 {source="FMA"} ! myocyte of atrioventricular node
xref: SCTID:281489000 ! Entire cardiac conducting system
xref: EHDAA2:0004185 ! heart muscle conducting system
synonym: "cardiac conducting system" EXACT [VHOG:0001271]
property_value: homology_notes "The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001271", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM\, Christoffels VM\, Cardiac Chamber Formation:  Development\, Genes\, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002351
name: sinoatrial node
def: "The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node, GO:0003163]
comment: WP:Heart states: "The SA node is found in all amniotes but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Indeed, since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely homologous with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium.". Note however that ZFA has SA node. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac pacemaker" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "Koch's node" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "node of Keith-Flack" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "SA nodal muscle tissue" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "SA node" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinoatrial node" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinu-atrial node" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinus node" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinus node of Keith and Flack" EXACT  [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinuatrial node" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "nodus sinuatrialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9477]
xref: FMA:9477 ! Sinuatrial node
xref: GAID:561 ! sinoatrial node
xref: MA:0000097 ! sinoatrial node
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rOhejDGMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g
xref: TAO:0005069 ! sinoatrial node
xref: ZFA:0005069 ! sinoatrial node
xref: ncithesaurus:Sinoatrial_Node ! Sinoatrial Node
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rOhejDGMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g ! sinoatrial node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg/200px-Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg
xref: BTO:0004358 ! sinus node
xref: MESH:A07.541.409.819 ! sinoatrial node
xref: EHDAA2:0004184 ! sinoatrial node
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="ZFA"} ! conducting system of heart
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060048 ! cardiac muscle contraction
relationship: capable_of GO:0002027 ! regulation of heart rate
xref: SCTID:277687007 ! Entire sinoatrial node
synonym: "nodus sinuatrialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Sinoatrial_node_2_low_mag.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0037189

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002352
name: atrioventricular node
def: "Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is located in the muscular part of the interatrial septum that is continuous with the atrioventricular bundle.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "aschoff-tawara node" EXACT []
synonym: "atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "av nodal muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "av node" EXACT []
synonym: "node of tawara" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000276 ! atrioventricular node
xref: FMA:9478 ! Atrioventricular node
xref: GAID:558 ! atrioventricular node
xref: VHOG:0001474 ! atrioventricular node
xref: MA:0000095 ! atrioventricular node
xref: MAT:0000498 ! atrioventricular node
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rMfD91mMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g
xref: TAO:0005070 ! atriovetricular node
xref: ZFA:0005070 ! atrioventricular node
xref: ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Node ! Atrioventricular Node
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rMfD91mMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g ! atrioventricular node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray501.png/200px-Gray501.png
xref: MESH:A07.541.409.147 ! atrioventricular node
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart
xref: SCTID:277688002 ! Entire atrioventricular node
xref: EHDAA2:0004183 ! atrioventricular node
synonym: "nodus atrioventricularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png
synonym: "atriovetricular node" RELATED [TAO:0005070]
property_value: homology_notes "Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus. Furthermore, within the ventricular component a compact outer myocardial component and an interiorly localized extensive trabecular component can be distinguished. The specific activation of the ventricle adds to its complexity as follows. The depolarizing impulse travels rapidly from the atrioventricular node toward the apex and then toward the conal region, achieving activation from apex to base.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001474", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM\, Christoffels VM\, Cardiac Chamber Formation:  Development\, Genes\, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0004247

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002353
name: atrioventricular bundle
def: "A part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers[GO]" [Wikipedia:Bundle_of_His, GOC:mtg_heart, GO:0003166]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "atrioventricular bundle muscle tissue" EXACT  [FMA:9484]
synonym: "atrioventricular fasciculus" EXACT  [FMA:9484]
synonym: "bundle of His" EXACT  [FMA:9484, GO:0003166]
synonym: "His bundle" EXACT []
synonym: "fasciculus atrioventricularis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Bundle_of_His]
xref: FMA:9484 ! Atrioventricular bundle
xref: GAID:559 ! bundle of his
xref: galen:BundleOfHis
xref: MA:0002576 ! atrioventricular bundle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rUv1WcGPJEd2AAABQjYGu0g
xref: ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Bundle ! Atrioventricular Bundle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/ECG_Principle_fast.gif/200px-ECG_Principle_fast.gif
xref: MESH:A07.541.409.273 ! bundle of his
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004146 {source="GO"} ! His-Purkinje system
relationship: has_part CL:1000410 {source="FMA"} ! myocyte of atrioventricular node
xref: SCTID:362022007 ! Entire atrioventricular bundle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png
xref: UMLS:C0006382

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002354
name: purkinje fiber
def: "Conducting tissue of heart which consists of Purkinje myocytes.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Purkinje_fiber, FMA:FMA]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "myofibra conducens cardiacus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9492 ! Purkinje fiber
xref: GAID:560 ! purkinje fiber
xref: MA:0000096 ! purkinje fiber
xref: ncithesaurus:Purkinje_Fiber ! Purkinje Fiber
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray498.png/200px-Gray498.png
xref: MESH:A07.541.409.683 ! purkinje fiber (also: UBERON:0004147 'cardiac Purkinje fiber')
is_a: UBERON:0010131 {source="FMA"} ! conducting tissue of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart
relationship: has_part CL:0002068 {source="FMA"} ! Purkinje myocyte
xref: UMLS:C0034144

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002356
name: perineum
def: "Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the pelvis by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the perineofemoral lines; together with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, it constitutes the trunk[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Perineum, FMA:9579]
comment: AO Note: FMA has class anal part of perineum, which may be the same as what EHDAA2 calls perineum
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "perineal region" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9579 ! Perineum
xref: GAID:90 ! perineum
xref: MA:0002466 ! perineum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcHSh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Perineum ! Perineum
xref: galen:Perineum ! perineum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcHSh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! perineum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Gray406.png/200px-Gray406.png
xref: MESH:A01.719 ! perineum
xref: EV:0100013 ! perineum
is_a: UBERON:0009569 {source="FMA-modified"} ! subdivision of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012469 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external anal region
synonym: "regio perinealis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9579]
xref: EHDAA2:0004015 ! perineum
xref: SCTID:243990009 ! Entire perineum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Gray406.png
xref: EFO:0004141 ! perineum
property_value: has_relational_adjective "perianal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0031066

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012336
name: perianal skin
synonym: "skin of perianal area" EXACT []
xref: FMA:29350 ! perianal skin
xref: SCTID:181522009 ! Entire skin of perianal area
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002356 ! perineum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002357
name: serous pericardium
def: "Serous membrane which has as its parts the epicardium and parietal serous pericardium that surrounds pericardial cavity." [Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "serous portion of pericardium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9582 ! Serous pericardium
xref: MA:0002739 ! serous pericardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002406 ! pericardial sac
xref: SCTID:243954002 ! Entire serous pericardium
synonym: "pericardium serosum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Serous_pericardium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray968.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003684
name: abdominal cavity
def: "body cavity of the human body (and animal bodies) that holds the bulk of the viscera. It is located below (or inferior to) the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. It is a part of the abdominopelvic cavity. Organs of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, and large intestine. The abdominal cavity is lined with a protective membrane termed the peritoneum. The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum, in the retroperitoneum. The viscera are also covered, in the front, with a layer of peritoneum called the greater omentum (or omental apron)." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_cavity]
synonym: "cavitas abdominis" RELATED [GAID:17]
synonym: "cavity of abdominal compartment" EXACT [FMA:12266]
synonym: "cavity of compartment of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:12266]
synonym: "space of abdominal compartment" EXACT [FMA:12266]
xref: FMA:12266 ! Abdominal cavity
xref: GAID:17 ! abdominal cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Cavity ! Abdominal Cavity
xref: EFO:0000213 ! abdominal cavity
xref: galen:AbdominalCavity ! abdominal cavity
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZR1TJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! abdominal cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg/200px-Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg.png
xref: MESH:A01.047.025 ! abdominal cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: SCTID:361294009 ! Entire abdominal cavity
synonym: "cavitas abdominis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abdominal_cavity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg
xref: UMLS:C0230168

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003887
name: intraembryonic coelom
def: "In the development of the human embryo the intraembryonic coelom (or somatic coelom) is a portion of the conceptus forming in the mesoderm. During the second week of development, the lateral mesoderm splits into a dorsal somatic mesoderm (somatopleure) and a ventral splanchnic mesoderm (splanchnopleure). The resulting cavity between the somatopleure and splanchnopleure is called the intraembryonic coelom. This space will give rise to the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It briefly has a connection with the extraembryonic coelom[WP]." [Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom]
comment: Editor notes: consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. Todo: check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults
synonym: "somatic coelom" EXACT [Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom]
xref: VHOG:0000316 ! intraembryonic coelom
xref: EHDAA:251 ! intraembryonic coelom
xref: ncithesaurus:Intraembryonic_Coelom ! Intraembryonic Coelom
xref: EMAPA:16088 ! intraembryonic coelom
is_a: UBERON:0003886 ! body cavity precursor
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003081 {source="Wikipedia"} ! lateral plate mesoderm
property_value: homology_notes " (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000316", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.166", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1512940

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003888
name: extraembryonic coelom
def: "cavity between Heuser's membrane and the Trophoblast[WP]." [Wikipedia:Extraembryonic_coelom]
synonym: "chorionic cavity" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000246]
synonym: "chorion cavity" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000246]
synonym: "extraembryonic celom" EXACT [FMA:63943]
synonym: "extraembryonic coelomic cavity" RELATED  [VHOG:0001671]
synonym: "exocoelomic cavity " RELATED [VHOG:0001671]
xref: FMA:63943 ! Extraembryonic celom
xref: EHDAA:146 ! chorionic cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Extraembryonic_Coelom ! Extraembryonic Coelom
xref: EHDAA2:0000246 ! chorionic cavity
xref: VHOG:0001671 ! exocoelomic cavity 
xref: EMAPA:16081 ! exocoelomic cavity
is_a: UBERON:0003886 ! body cavity precursor
relationship: located_in UBERON:0012466 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic cavities
xref: SCTID:362843009 ! Entire chorionic cavity
synonym: "exocoelomic cavity" EXACT [VHOG:0001671]
xref: UMLS:C1517055

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004364 ! ectoplacental cone
name: ectoplacental cone
def: "thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta" [MP:0001717, PMID:19829370]
comment: Development notes: derivative of the early postimplantation trophoblast, which probably gives rise to the spongiotrophoblast.[PMID:19829370]
synonym: "epamniotic cone" EXACT []
synonym: "placenta - ectoplacental cone" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:16059 ! ectoplacental cone
xref: BTO:0001715 ! ectoplacental cone
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000088 ! trophoblast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008851 ! ectoplacental cavity
name: ectoplacental cavity
def: "closed space within the ectoplacental cone, formed by the fusion of the parts of the amniotic fold that separate it from the amniotic cavity[MP]. a developmental cavity that exists in some mammals and is derived by division of the proamniotic space; it is further removed from the embryo than the amniotic cavity in some mammals" [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=epamniotic+cavity, MP:0011207]
synonym: "epamniotic cavity" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=epamniotic+cavity]
synonym: "chorionic cavity" RELATED [MP:0011207]
synonym: "epamniotic cavity" RELATED [MP:0011207]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0004364 ! ectoplacental cone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004364 ! ectoplacental cone
xref: EMAPA:16080 ! ectoplacental cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003886
name: body cavity precursor
subset: grouping_class
subset: non_informative
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: located_in UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
def: "An anatomical cavity that develops_into a coelemic cavity lumen." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011997
name: coelom
def: "The structure that contains the coelemic cavity." [Wikipedia:Body_cavity, Wikipedia:Coelom]
synonym: "coelomic cavity" RELATED [EHDAA2:0004731]
synonym: "coelem" RELATED []
comment: Editor notes: EHDAA2 distingsuishes between the lumen, the lining, and the 'coelomic cavity', which despire it's name, is not a space - it is the aggregate of space plus lining.
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryo
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:147099 {source="Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha"} ! Acoelomorpha
xref: EHDAA2:0004731 ! coelomic cavity
property_value: has_relational_adjective "coelomic" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002323
name: coelemic cavity lumen
def: "The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities." [BTO:0001707]
alt_id: UBERON:0000169
comment: Taxon notes: In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. editor note: check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ventral body cavity" NARROW []
synonym: "coelom" RELATED []
synonym: "coelomic cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "space of body compartment" EXACT [FMA:85006]
synonym: "celom" RELATED [BTO:0001707]
synonym: "coelome" RELATED [BTO:0001707]
synonym: "hemocoel" RELATED [FBbt:00005060]
synonym: "coelomic cavity" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000267]
synonym: "coelomic cavity lumen" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000267]
xref: FBbt:00005060 ! hemocoel
xref: TAO:0001438 ! coelom
xref: ZFA:0001438 ! coelom
xref: FMA:85006 ! Body cavity
xref: galen:BodyCavity
xref: MA:0002447 ! body cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Cavity ! Body Cavity
xref: BTO:0001707 ! coelom
xref: EHDAA2:0000267 ! coelomic cavity lumen
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186  ! body cavity
xref: AEO:0000186 ! body cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
is_a: UBERON:0004458 {notes="pre-inferred via union_of"} ! body cavity or lining
xref: SCTID:361348008 ! Entire body cavity
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003886 {evidence="definitional"} ! body cavity precursor
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]." xsd:string {ontology="ZFA", external_class="ZFA:0001438", date_retrieved="2012-09-12", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]." xsd:string {ontology="BTO", external_class="BTO:0001707", date_retrieved="2012-09-12", source="BTO"}
xref: UMLS:C0333343

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012054
name: myocoele
def: "The cavity within a myotome" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myocoele]
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003082 {source="VHOG"} ! myotome
xref: VHOG:0001283 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16415 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16418 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16421 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16424 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16427 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16430 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16433 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16436 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16439 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16443 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16447 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16451 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16455 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16459 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16463 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16467 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16602 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16606 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16610 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16614 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16618 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16622 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16626 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16630 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16634 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16638 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16863 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16867 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16871 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16875 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:16879 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17051 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17055 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17059 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17063 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17219 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17223 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17227 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17231 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17235 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17239 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17401 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17405 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17409 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17686 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17690 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17694 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:17698 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:18032 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:18036 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:18040 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:18352 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:18356 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:18360 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:18364 ! myocoele
xref: EMAPA:18368 ! myocoele
property_value: homology_notes "The central cavity within the mesoderm is the paired primary or embryonic coelom. Parts of the embryonic coelom often become enclosed in the mesoderm, forming a myocoel within the epimere, a nephrocoel within the mesomere, and simple coelom (body cavity) within the lateral plate mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001283", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.166 and Figure 5.6", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001179
name: peritoneal cavity
def: "Cavity of serous sac surrounded by the peritoneum.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cavitas peritonealis" RELATED [BTO:0001782]
xref: FMA:14704 ! Peritoneal cavity
xref: GAID:24 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: VHOG:0000852 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: MA:0000054 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Cavity ! Peritoneal Cavity
xref: BTO:0001782 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0001446 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: EMAPA:18452 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: EMAPA:18454 ! cavity of greater sac of peritoneal cavity (also: UBERON:0005450 'greater sac cavity')
xref: EMAPA:18461 ! cavity of omental bursa of peritoneal cavity (also: UBERON:0005252 'omental bursa cavity')
xref: MESH:A01.047.025.600.678 ! peritoneal cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005906 ! serous sac
intersection_of: surrounded_by UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003887 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intraembryonic coelom
xref: SCTID:181616008 ! Entire peritoneal cavity
synonym: "cavitas peritonealis; saccus serosus peritonei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Peritoneal_cavity]
property_value: external_definition "The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which are normally in contact. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sac. The greater sac is the peritoneal cavity, and the lesser sac is the omental bursa. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000852", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/peritoneal+cavity", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000852", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1704247

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002358
name: peritoneum
def: "A serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom — it covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs — in higher vertebrates and some invertebrates (annelids, for instance). It is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The peritoneum both supports the abdominal organs and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves[WP]. The smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen of a mammal and is folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera[BTO]. The endothelial lining of the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the ABDOMINAL WALL and the visceral peritoneum covers the bowel, the MESENTERY, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall[GAID]." [Wikipedia:Peritoneum, ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - in ZFA is_a epithelium
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:9584 ! Peritoneum
xref: GAID:18 ! peritoneum
xref: VHOG:0001257 ! peritoneum
xref: TAO:0005120 ! peritoneum
xref: XAO:0000139 ! peritoneum
xref: ZFA:0005120 ! peritoneum
xref: ncithesaurus:Peritoneum ! Peritoneum
xref: BTO:0001472 ! peritoneum
xref: galen:Peritoneum ! peritoneum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvjJ72ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! peritoneum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1040.png/200px-Gray1040.png
xref: MESH:A01.047.025.600 ! peritoneum
xref: EV:0100087 ! peritoneum
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003684 ! abdominal cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003697 {source="MP"} ! abdominal wall
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
xref: AAO:0010814 ! peritoneum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray1040.png
property_value: external_definition "Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010814", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:JMG"}
property_value: external_definition "An epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005120", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "peritonaeum" RELATED [VHOG:0001257]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "peritoneal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0031153

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001366
name: parietal peritoneum
alt_id: UBERON:0004459
def: "The peritoneum that lines the walls of the peritoneal cavity." [Wikipedia:Parietal_peritoneum, ZFIN:curator]
comment: fix coordinated with ZFA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "peritoneal cavity lining" EXACT [MA:0000449]
xref: FMA:21451 ! Parietal peritoneum
xref: VHOG:0001527 ! parietal peritoneum
xref: TAO:0005131 ! parietal peritoneum
xref: ZFA:0005131 ! parietal peritoneum
xref: MA:0000449 ! peritoneal cavity lining
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1040.png/200px-Gray1040.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001179 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: AAO:0010816 ! parietal peritoneum
xref: SCTID:362700006 ! Entire parietal peritoneum
property_value: external_definition "Peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010816", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:JMG"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001178
name: visceral peritoneum
def: "The peritoneum that covers the external surfaces of most abdominal organs." [Wikipedia:Visceral_peritoneum, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:14703 ! Visceral peritoneum
xref: VHOG:0001528 ! visceral peritoneum
xref: TAO:0005132 ! visceral peritoneum
xref: ZFA:0005132 ! visceral peritoneum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1040.png/200px-Gray1040.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
xref: SCTID:362702003 ! Entire visceral peritoneum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007111
name: Douglas' pouch
def: "The rectouterine pouch (or rectouterine excavation, rectovaginal, Ehrhardt-Cole Recess or Pouch of Douglas) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and back wall of the uterus in the female human body. The rectouterine pouch is used in the treatment of end-stage renal failure in patients who are treated by peritoneal dialysis. The tip of the dialysis catheter is placed into the deepest point of the pouch. In women it is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity, posterior to (behind) the uterus and anterior to (in front of) rectum. (The pouch on the other side of the uterus is the vesicouterine excavation. ) It is near the posterior fornix of the vagina. In men, the region corresponding to the rectouterine pouch is the rectovesical excavation, which lies between the urinary bladder and rectum. (There is no equivalent to the vesicouterine excavation.)" [Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "cul de sac of douglas" RELATED [MESH:A01.047.025.600.225]
synonym: "cul-de-sac of douglsa" RELATED [MESH:A01.047.025.600.225]
synonym: "douglas cul-de-sac" RELATED [MESH:A01.047.025.600.225]
synonym: "douglas pouch" RELATED [MESH:A01.047.025.600.225]
synonym: "douglas' cul de sac" RELATED [MESH:A01.047.025.600.225]
synonym: "douglas' cul-de-sac" RELATED [MESH:A01.047.025.600.225]
synonym: "douglas' pouch" RELATED [MESH:A01.047.025.600.225]
synonym: "rectouterine pouch" EXACT [FMA:14728, MESH:A01.047.025.600.225]
synonym: "recto-uterine pouch" EXACT [FMA:14728]
synonym: "excavatio recto-uterina" EXACT [FMA:14728]
synonym: "rectouterine excavation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "recto-uterine pouch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_pouch]
xref: MESH:A01.047.025.600.225 ! douglas' pouch
xref: GAID:20 ! douglas' pouch
xref: FMA:14728 ! Rectouterine pouch
xref: ncithesaurus:Recto-Vaginal_Pouch ! recto-vaginal pouch
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
synonym: "excavatio rectouterina" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14728]
xref: SCTID:181447009 ! Entire rectouterine pouch
synonym: "excavatio rectouterina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "cavum Douglassi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "fossa Douglasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_pouch]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif
synonym: "pouch of douglas" EXACT [FMA:14728]
synonym: "rectouterine space" RELATED [FMA:14728]
xref: UMLS:C1514801

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011204
name: rectovesical pouch
def: "Between the rectum and the bladder the peritoneal cavity forms, in the male, a pouch, the rectovesical excavation (or rectovesical pouch), the bottom of which is slightly below the level of the upper ends of the vesiculae seminalesbi. e. , about 7.5 cm. from the orifice of the anus. its lowest part membranous partition called Rectoprostatic fascia. The corresponding structure in women is the rectouterine pouch." [Wikipedia:Recto-vesical_pouch]
synonym: "excavatio rectovesicalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Recto-vesical_pouch]
synonym: "rectovesical" RELATED [Wikipedia:Recto-vesical_pouch]
synonym: "rectovesical excavation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Recto-vesical_pouch]
synonym: "rectovesical pouch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Recto-vesical_pouch]
synonym: "retrovesical excavation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Recto-vesical_pouch]
synonym: "excavatio rectovesicalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "recto-vesical pouch" EXACT  [FMA:14727]
synonym: "rectovesical space" EXACT  [FMA:14727]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
xref: FMA:14727 ! rectovesical pouch
xref: ncithesaurus:Recto-Vesical_Pouch ! recto-vesical pouch
xref: SCTID:261416006 ! Entire rectovesical pouch
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Gray1228.png
xref: UMLS:C0230301

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007136
name: rectouterine fold
def: "These folds of the rectouterine excavation are named the sacrogenital or rectouterine folds. They contain a considerable amount of fibrous tissue and non-striped muscular fibers which are attached to the front of the sacrum and constitute the uterosacral ligaments." [Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_fold]
synonym: "fold of Douglas" EXACT [FMA:16533]
synonym: "posterior ligament of uterus" EXACT [FMA:16533]
synonym: "recto-uterine fold" EXACT [FMA:16533]
synonym: "rectovaginal fold" EXACT [FMA:16533]
xref: FMA:16533 ! rectouterine fold
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
synonym: "plica rectouterina" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:16533]
xref: SCTID:361301006 ! Entire posterior ligament of uterus
synonym: "plica rectouterina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Recto-uterine_fold]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Gray1165.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001297
name: serosa of uterus
def: "Outer serosa layer of the uterus." [Wikipedia:Perimetrium]
comment: TODO - check for parallel structure with peritoneum
synonym: "perimetrium" EXACT [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perimetrium]
synonym: "serous coat of uterus" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica serosa (perimetrium)" EXACT []
synonym: "uterine serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "uterus serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of uterus" EXACT []
synonym: "serous membrane of uterus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterus serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica serosa uteri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:17744]
xref: FMA:17744 ! Serosa of uterus
xref: MA:0001729 ! uterus serosa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
xref: ncithesaurus:Perimetrium ! Perimetrium
xref: SCTID:253705006 ! Entire uterine serosa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000459 {source="reference_0000032"} ! uterine wall
xref: UMLS:C0227824

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005741
name: adventitia of uterus
xref: EMAPA:29925 ! adventitia
xref: EMAPA:29933 ! adventitia of cervix uteri
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0001297 ! serosa of uterus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002359
name: fibrous pericardium
def: "Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Fibrous_pericardium, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fibrous portion of pericardium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9586 ! Fibrous pericardium
xref: MA:0002738 ! fibrous pericardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png
xref: EMAPA:19029 ! fibrous pericardium
is_a: UBERON:0000094 ! membrane organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002407 ! pericardium
xref: SCTID:243953008 ! Entire fibrous portion of pericardium
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "pericardium fibrosum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fibrous_pericardium]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray968.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007646 ! endomeninx
name: endomeninx
def: "the layer of embryonic mesoderm from which the arachnoid coat and pia mater of the brain develop." [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/endomeninx]
is_a: UBERON:0007645 ! future meninx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007647 ! ectomeninx
name: ectomeninx
def: "the layer of mesoderm from which the dura mater and much of the membrane bone of the skull develop in the higher vertebrate embryo." [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/ectomeninx]
is_a: UBERON:0007645 ! future meninx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007645 ! future meninx
name: future meninx
comment: The zebrafish primitive meninx develops from neural crest[UBERONREF:0000002]. In EHDAA2 the meninges are divided by layer and location, each has differing developmental origins - mesenchyme from mesoderm/endoderm, mesenchyme from NC
synonym: "primitive meninx" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! neural crest
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010743 ! meningeal cluster
name: meningeal cluster
def: "The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: In some primitive organisms, the meningeal cluster includes only the primitive meninx
synonym: "cluster of meninges" EXACT  [FMA:231572]
synonym: "meninges" EXACT  [FMA:231572]
xref: FMA:231572 ! Meningeal cluster
xref: EHDAA2:0004661 ! meninges
xref: SCTID:362879001 ! Entire meninges
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
property_value: has_relational_adjective "meningeal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002360
name: meninx
def: "Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord." [http://www.shsu.edu/~bio_mlt/Chap15.html, Wikipedia:Meninx, FMA:9589]
comment: Editor note: consider separate term for meninges aka collection of meninges. Note in EHDAA2 pia mater etc are part of the meninges. Also consider a new class for primary/primitive meninx. AO notes: Not consider part of the CNS/neuraxis in FMA. Taxon notes: Whereas cyclostomes and fishes only have a single envelope called the primitive meninx, amphibians have two layers, consisting of an outer dura mater which is extremely dense and protective, and a pia-arachnoid or secondary meninx which is more delicate and vascular. Mammals have three meninges: pia mater (which follows all the convolutions of the brain and is the most interior), the arachnoid layer (which is delicate and sends strands to the pia mater), and the dura mater (the outer, more protective meninx). 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "layer of meninges" EXACT []
synonym: "meningeal layer" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000144
xref: EFO:0000584
xref: EFO:0000867 ! meninges
xref: FMA:9589 ! Meninx
xref: GAID:687 ! meninge
xref: VHOG:0001295 ! meninges
xref: MA:0001113 ! meninges
xref: MAT:0000113 ! meninges
xref: ncithesaurus:Meninges
xref: ZFA:0001355 ! primitive meninx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwDOl8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! meninx
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090204 ! Meninx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Illu_meninges.jpg/200px-Illu_meninges.jpg
xref: MESH:A08.186.566 ! meninge
xref: EV:0100312 ! meninges (also: UBERON:0003547 'brain meninx')
is_a: UBERON:0000094 {source="FMA"} ! membrane organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010743 ! meningeal cluster
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7955", notes="primitive", source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
subset: organ_slim
xref: TAO:0001355 ! primitive meninx
synonym: "meninx primitiva" NARROW [VHOG:0001295]
property_value: external_definition "Membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. It is represented by a single layer in fishes, two in amphibians, reptiles and birds and three in mammals (named dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater). [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001295", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/meninges", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001295", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "meningeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0025285

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000391 ! leptomeninx
name: leptomeninx
def: "pia mater or arachnoid mater." [Wikipedia:Leptomeninges]
comment: AO notes: in FMA/NIF this is a superclass of PM/AM - in BTO it is the mereological sum. We go with superclass here, as we are naming the class in the singular. Editor notes: check relationship to secondary meninx
synonym: "leptomeninges" EXACT PLURAL [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090207]
synonym: "arachnoidea mater et pia mater" RELATED [BTO:0001634]
synonym: "pia-arachnoid" RELATED [BTO:0001634]
xref: BTO:0001634
xref: FMA:231515 ! Leptomeninx
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090207 ! Leptomeninx
is_a: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007646 ! endomeninx
xref: ncithesaurus:Leptomeninges ! Leptomeninges
xref: SCTID:362303006 ! Entire leptomeninges
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0228126

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002361
name: pia mater
def: "delicate innermost layer of the meninges—the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The thin, mesh-like pia mater closely envelops the entire surface of the brain, running down into the fissures of the cortex. It joins with the ependyma which lines the ventricles to form choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid. In the spinal cord, the pia mater attaches to the dura mater by the denticular ligaments through the arachnoid membrane. The pia mater is a neural crest derivative." [Wikipedia:Pia_mater]
comment: Editor note: consider adding adjacency relationship to neuraxis (brain+spinal cord); however note that at this time the meninges may be considered part of the nervous system
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT []
synonym: "pial membrane" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090209]
xref: EHDAA:1367 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:1961 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:2001 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:2099 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:2685 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:2833 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:2867 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:3692 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:3710 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:6566 ! pia mater
xref: EHDAA:6583 ! pia mater
xref: FMA:9590 ! Pia mater
xref: GAID:693 ! pia mater
xref: MA:0001116 ! pia mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Pia_Mater ! Pia Mater
xref: BTO:0001635 ! pia mater
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtesBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pia mater
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090209 ! Pial membrane
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001464 ! pia mater
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gray770.png/200px-Gray770.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.566.731 ! pia mater
xref: EV:0100315 ! pia mater (also: UBERON:0003549 'brain pia mater')
is_a: UBERON:0000391 ! leptomeninx
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="ISBN10:0073040584", notes="check-aves"} ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:362305004 ! Entire pia mater
xref: EHDAA2:0004318 ! pia mater
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray770-en.svg
xref: UMLS:C0031869

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002362
name: arachnoid mater
def: "A think avascular meningeal layer, between the pia mater and the dural mater. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space." [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_mater, ISBN10:0471888893]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arachnoid" EXACT []
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT []
synonym: "arachnoid membrane" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090208]
synonym: "arachnoidea mater" RELATED [BTO:0001636]
xref: ncithesaurus:Arachnoid_Membrane ! Arachnoid Membrane
xref: FMA:9591 ! Arachnoid mater
xref: GAID:688 ! arachnoid
xref: MA:0001114 ! arachnoid mater
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rve5HlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090208 ! Arachnoid membrane
xref: BTO:0001636 ! arachnoid mater
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rve5HlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! arachnoid mater
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090208 ! Arachnoid membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray767.png/200px-Gray767.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.566.166 ! arachnoid
xref: EV:0100314 ! arachnoid
is_a: UBERON:0000391 ! leptomeninx
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! Mammalia
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002049 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! vasculature
xref: SCTID:362304000 ! Entire arachnoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Gray767.png
xref: UMLS:C1510935

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000437
name: arachnoid barrier layer
def: "The arachnoid barrier layer is a part of the arachnoid meningeal layer. It is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries in the arachnoid mater." [BTO:0002498]
xref: BTO:0002498
xref: FMA:231559 ! Arachnoid barrier layer
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002362 {source="FMA"} ! arachnoid mater

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000416
name: subdural space
def: "A narrow fluid-containing space, often only a potential space, between the dura mater and the arachnoid." [BTO:0002082, Wikipedia:Subdural_space, PMID:8421539]
comment: Consider obsoleting - see PMID:8421539
synonym: "cavum subdurale" RELATED [BTO:0002082]
synonym: "spatium subdurale" RELATED [BTO:0002082]
synonym: "subdural cavity" RELATED [BTO:0002082]
synonym: "subdural cleavage" RELATED [BTO:0002082]
synonym: "subdural cleft" RELATED [BTO:0002082]
xref: BTO:0002082
xref: FMA:83803 ! Subdural space
xref: GAID:692 ! subdural space
xref: MESH:A08.186.566.395.687 ! subdural space
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
xref: SCTID:362308002 ! Entire subdural space
synonym: "spatium subdurale, cavum subdurale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subdural_space]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray769-en.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005397
name: brain arachnoid mater
synonym: "cranial arachnoid mater" EXACT [FMA:83981]
synonym: "brain arachnoid matter" EXACT [MA:0000814]
xref: MA:0000814 ! brain arachnoid matter
xref: VHOG:0000230 ! brain arachnoid mater
xref: FMA:83981 ! cranial arachnoid mater
intersection_of: UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003547 ! brain meninx
property_value: external_definition "The middle membrane of the three mammalian meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000230", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arachnoid+mater", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000230", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An arachnoid mater that surrounds a brain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010115
name: future dura mater
is_a: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
xref: EHDAA2:0004317 ! future dura mater
def: "A meninx that develops_into a dura mater." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002363
name: dura mater
def: "the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. The dura surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for keeping in the cerebrospinal fluid." [Wikipedia:Dura_mater]
comment: Function notes: capable of inducing chondrogenesis - requires contact with an epithelium - PMID:16496288. AO notes: in ncit this is divided into periosteal layer and meningeal layer
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT []
synonym: "pachymeninges" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090206]
synonym: "dura" RELATED [BTO:0001637]
xref: FMA:9592 ! Dura mater
xref: GAID:691 ! dura mater
xref: MA:0001115 ! dura mater
xref: EMAPA:17776 ! dura mater of meninges of telencephalon of forebrain
xref: ncithesaurus:Dura_Mater ! Dura Mater
xref: BTO:0001637 ! dura mater
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvmzqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! dura mater
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090206 ! Dura mater
xref: MESH:A08.186.566.395 ! dura mater
xref: EV:0100313 ! dura mater (also: UBERON:0002092 'brain dura mater')
is_a: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007647 ! ectomeninx
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010115 {evidence="definitional"} ! future dura mater
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! Teleostei
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001773 {source="PMID:16496288"} ! sclera
xref: SCTID:362301008 ! Entire dura mater
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Meninges-en.svg
xref: UMLS:C0013313

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010507
name: layer of dura mater
def: "The intracranial dura mater, consisting of two layers: the outer periosteal layer which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault; and the inner meningeal layer which in most places is fused with the outer. The two layers separate to accommodate meningeal vessels and large venous (dural) sinuses. The meningeal layer is also involved in the formation of the various dural folds, such as the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli and is comparable to and continuous with the dural mater of the spinal cord. The cranial epidural space is then a potential space between the bone and the combined periosteum/periosteal layer of the dura mater realised only pathologically and is neither continuous with or comparable to the vertebral epidural space" [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?periosteal+layer+of+dura+mater] 
comment: Editors note: not clear whether this should be classified as part of cranial dura mater, as the division only makes sense in this area
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002363 {source="FMA"} ! dura mater
xref: FMA:231545 ! layer of dura mater

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010505 ! periosteal dura mater
name: periosteal dura mater
def: "The outermost of the two layers of the cranial dura mater which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "periosteal layer of dura mater" EXACT  [FMA:231547]
synonym: "outer periosteal layer of dura mater" EXACT  []
synonym: "periosteal dura" EXACT [FMA:231547]
synonym: "outer layer of dura mater" EXACT [FMA:231547]
is_a: UBERON:0010507 {source="FMA"} ! layer of dura mater
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002092 ! cranial dura mater
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003129 ! skull
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002515 ! periosteum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0010506 ! meningeal dura mater
xref: FMA:231547 ! outer layer of dura mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Periosteal_Layer_of_the_Dura_Mater ! periosteal layer of the dura mater
xref: UMLS:C1518991

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010506 ! meningeal dura mater
name: meningeal dura mater
comment: Editors note: not clear whether this should be classified as part of cranial dura mater, as the division only makes sense in this area
synonym: "meningeal layer of dura mater" EXACT  [FMA:231549]
synonym: "meningeal dura" EXACT [FMA:231549]
synonym: "inner layer of dura mater" EXACT [FMA:231549]
is_a: UBERON:0010507 {source="FMA"} ! layer of dura mater
xref: FMA:231549 ! inner layer of dura mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Meningeal_Layer_of_the_Dura_Mater ! meningeal layer of the dura mater
xref: UMLS:C1513121

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010090
name: future falx cerebri
is_a: UBERON:0007524 ! dense mesenchyme tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0006059 ! falx cerebri
xref: EHDAA2:0000608 ! future falx cerebri
def: "A developing anatomical structure that develops_into a falx cerebri." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006059
name: falx cerebri
def: "The falx cerebri, also known as the cerebral falx, so named from its sickle-like form, is a strong, arched fold of dura mater which descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres. It is narrow in front, where it is attached to the crista galli of the ethmoid; and broad behind, where it is connected with the upper surface of the tentorium cerebelli. Its upper margin is convex, and attached to the inner surface of the skull in the middle line, as far back as the internal occipital protuberance; it contains the superior sagittal sinus. Its lower margin is free and concave, and contains the inferior sagittal sinus. The falx cerebri is known to calcify with age." [Wikipedia:Falx_cerebri]
synonym: "cerebral falx" EXACT [FMA:83967]
xref: EMAPA:18551 ! falx cerebri
xref: FMA:83967 ! falx cerebri
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Falx_Cerebri ! Falx Cerebri
xref: SCTID:279275004 ! Entire falx cerebri
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010090 {evidence="definitional"} ! future falx cerebri
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Falxcerebri.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0228120

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002365
name: exocrine gland
def: "A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas" [Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland]
comment: Editor's note: Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ducted gland" EXACT [AEO:0000097]
xref: BTO:0000765
xref: FMA:9596 ! Exocrine gland
xref: GAID:34 ! exocrine gland
xref: MA:0002564 ! exocrine gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Gland ! Exocrine Gland
xref: EHDAA2:0003097 ! ducted gland
xref: AEO:0000097 ! ducted gland
xref: MESH:A10.336 ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000058 ! duct
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glandula exocrina" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Exocrine_gland]
xref: UMLS:C0015282

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002366 ! bulbo-urethral gland
name: bulbo-urethral gland
def: "Any of the small paired racemose glands below the apex of the prostate in males, located posterolateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, in the deep perineal pouch, and  enclosed by transverse fibers of the sphincter urethrae membranaceae muscle; homologous to the greater vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in the female[MP]" [Wikipedia:Bulbourethral_gland, MP:anna]
comment: Structure notes: The bulbourethral glands are compound tubulo-alveolar glands. AO notes: see comments for paraurethral gland - ncita placement may not be correct
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bulbourethral gland" EXACT  [FMA:9599]
synonym: "Cowper's gland" EXACT  [FMA:9599]
synonym: "Cowper's glands" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:9599]
synonym: "Mery's gland" EXACT []
synonym: "Méry gland" EXACT [MP:anna]
synonym: "glandula bulbourethralis" EXACT LATIN [MP:anna]
xref: FMA:9599 ! Bulbo-urethral gland
xref: GAID:387 ! bulbourethral gland
xref: MA:0000401 ! bulbourethral gland
xref: BTO:0001698 ! bulbourethral gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_anatomy.png/200px-Male_anatomy.png
xref: EMAPA:19286 ! bulbourethral gland
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.123 ! bulbourethral gland
is_a: UBERON:0010147 ! male accessory sex gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001333 {source="MA", notes="check this"} ! male urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0000460 ! major vestibular gland
relationship: secretes UBERON:0004691 ! bulbourethral gland secretion
property_value: external_definition "Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the bulbar part of the urethra. Examples: There only two instances, right and left bulbo-urethral glands[FMA]" xsd:string {ontology="FMA", source="FMA:9599"}
property_value: external_definition "Either of two small racemose glands that are located below the prostate and discharge a component of the seminal fluid into the urethra. They are homologous to the Bartholin's glands in the female[BTO]." xsd:string {ontology="BTO", source="BTO:0001698"}
property_value: external_definition "any of the small paired racemose (compound tubulo-alveolar) glands below the apex of the prostate in males, located posterolateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, in the deep perineal pouch, and enclosed by transverse fibers of the sphincter urethrae membranaceae muscle; they secrete a clear fluid known as pre-ejaculate (Cowper's fluid), and are homologous to the greater vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in the female[MP]." xsd:string {ontology="MP", source="MP:0001169"}
xref: SCTID:278918009 ! Entire bulbourethral gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Cowper_s_Gland ! cowper gland
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Male_anatomy.png
xref: UMLS:C0006366

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010151 ! duct of bulbourethral gland
name: duct of bulbourethral gland
synonym: "bulbourethral gland duct" EXACT  [FMA:20091]
synonym: "duct of bulbo-urethral gland" EXACT  [FMA:20091]
synonym: "ductus glandulae bulbourethralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002366 ! bulbo-urethral gland
xref: FMA:20091 ! duct of bulbourethral gland
xref: SCTID:279709005 ! Entire duct of bulbourethral gland
def: "A duct that is part of a bulbo-urethral gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009847 ! prostate field
name: prostate field
def: "a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop." [GOC:dph, PMID:18977204,  GO:0060515]
synonym: "prostate primordium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004902 {source="PMID:18977204"} ! urogenital sinus epithelium
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0009845 {source="PMID:18977204"} ! urogenital sinus mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003820 ! prostate bud
name: prostate bud
def: "A region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium destined to become the prostate[GO]." [GO:0060513]
comment: AR activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth. There are three phases of prostatic budding: (1) the specification phase, when instructive developmental cues define where buds will form in the UGS, (2) the initiation phase, when prostatic buds begin to form, and (3) the elongation phase, when proliferation, cell adhesion, and cell migration coordinate outgrowth of prostatic buds into UGM. Timing of prostatic bud formation and the quantity and pattern of buds that are formed in the UGS are strictly regulated [3, 4]. The position of prostatic buds as they emerge from the UGS in utero determines the arrangement of prostate ducts in adulthood.[PMID:18977204]
synonym: "prostatic bud" EXACT []
synonym: "prostate ductal progenitor" EXACT [PMID:18977204]
is_a: UBERON:0005153 {source="GO:0060572"} ! epithelial bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009847 {source="PMID:18977204"} ! prostate field

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004179
name: prostate glandular acinus
def: "A saclike structure of the prostate gland, comprised of at least three cell layers: an innermost layer of secretory columnar luminal epithelium, a middle layer of squamous basal epithelium that also contains neuroendocrine cells, transit amplifying cells, and stem cells, and an outer layer of smooth muscle intermixed with other stromal cells" [GO:0060525, PMID:18977204]
comment: Concurrent with branching morphogenesis, the solid cords of epithelium formed by budding arborize and differentiate postnatally into glandular acin. The basic prostate architecture is established by puberty and acquires secretory function thereafter[PMID:18977204]
synonym: "prostatic follicle" EXACT  [FMA:66808]
synonym: "prostatic acinus" EXACT [FMA:66808]
is_a: UBERON:0009842 {source="FMA"} ! acinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! prostate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000428 {source="GO"} ! prostate epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009843 {source="PMID:18977204"} ! prostate epithelial cord
xref: FMA:66808 ! prostatic acinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002367
name: prostate gland
def: "The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid." [Wikipedia:Prostate, GO:0030850]
comment: TODO - FMA treats the gland as part of the prostate - see also FMA:74119.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: major_organ
synonym: "prostate" EXACT []
synonym: "male prostate" EXACT [PMID:10668204]
xref: BTO:0001129
xref: EFO:0000858 ! prostate
xref: FMA:9600 ! Prostate
xref: GAID:392 ! prostate
xref: VHOG:0001261 ! prostate
xref: MA:0000404 ! prostate gland
xref: MAT:0000078 ! prostate
xref: MIAA:0000078 ! prostate
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostate_Gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6trqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: galen:ProstateGland ! prostate gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6trqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! prostate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Prostatelead.jpg/200px-Prostatelead.jpg
xref: EMAPA:19287 ! prostate gland
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.575 ! prostate
xref: EV:0100104 ! prostate
is_a: UBERON:0010147 ! male accessory sex gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003820 ! prostate bud
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:181422007 ! Entire prostate
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "prostata" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Prostate]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Prostatelead.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "prostatic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0033572

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002485
name: prostate duct
def: "the minute canals that pass the prostatic secretions to the urethra." [MP:0009734]
synonym: "duct of prostate" EXACT []
synonym: "duct of prostate gland" EXACT []
synonym: "prostate gland duct" EXACT []
synonym: "prostate duct" EXACT []
synonym: "prostatic duct" EXACT []
xref: FMA:19580 ! Prostatic duct
xref: MA:0002785 ! prostate duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Duct ! Prostatic Duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! prostate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003820 {source="PMID:18977204"} ! prostate bud
xref: SCTID:362276000 ! Entire prostatic duct
xref: UMLS:C0227965

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012247
name: cervical gland
def: "mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cervical+glands]
is_a: UBERON:0000414 ! mucous gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000002 ! uterine cervix
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012248 ! cervical mucosa
synonym: "glandulae cervicales" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Gland ! cervical gland
xref: FMA:71646 ! set of cervical glands
xref: SCTID:280836000 ! Entire endocervical gland
xref: UMLS:C2724437

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012248 ! cervical mucosa
name: cervical mucosa
def: "Lining of the head of the uterus (cervix); contains large branched glands; does not undergo sloughing." [BTO:0000411]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000002 ! uterine cervix
xref: BTO:0000411 ! cervical mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000316
name: cervical mucus
def: "A substance produced by the cervix and endocervical glands[BTO]. Thick acidic mucus that blocks the cervical os after mestruation[WP]. This 'infertile' mucus blocks spermatozoa from entering the uterus." [BTO:0000242, Wikipedia:Cervix#Cervical_mucus, Wikipedia:Mucus#Reproductive_system]
synonym: "cervix mucus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000242
xref: FMA:83689 ! Cervical mucus
xref: MESH:A12.200.503.339 ! cervix mucus
is_a: UBERON:0000912 {source="FMA"} ! mucus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012249
alt_id: UBERON:0010182
name: ectocervix
def: "The part of the cervix uteri that protrudes into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium." [BTO:0001850, Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix]
comment: AO notes: distinction between two FMA classes not clear - we merge them here
synonym: "ectocervix" EXACT  [BTO:0001850]
synonym: "exocervix" RELATED  [BTO:0001850]
synonym: "portio vaginalis cervicis" EXACT LATIN [BTO:0001850]
synonym: "portio vaginalis" EXACT []
synonym: "vaginal part of cervix" EXACT [FMA:77056]
synonym: "ectocervix" EXACT [FMA:86484]
synonym: "uterine ectocervix" EXACT [CALOHA:TS-1098]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: distal_part_of UBERON:0000002 ! uterine cervix
relationship: proximal_to UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000002 {source="BTO"} ! uterine cervix
relationship: has_part UBERON:0010304 ! nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
xref: BTO:0001850 ! portio vaginalis cervicis
xref: FMA:86484 ! ectocervix
xref: FMA:77056 ! vaginal part of cervix
xref: ncithesaurus:Ectocervix ! ectocervix
xref: SCTID:264459002 ! Entire ectocervix
xref: CALOHA:TS-1098 ! Uterine ectocervix
xref: UMLS:C0227829

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000458
name: endocervix
def: "1. The mucous membrane lining the canal of the cervix uteri. 2. The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity." [BTO:0003002]
xref: BTO:0003002
xref: FMA:86485 ! Endocervix
xref: ncithesaurus:Endocervix
intersection_of: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: proximal_part_of UBERON:0000002 ! uterine cervix
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
xref: SCTID:264460007 ! Entire endocervix
xref: UMLS:C0227837

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004801
name: cervix epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Histology notes: The epithelium of the cervix is varied. The ectocervix (more distal, by the vagina) is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The endocervix (more proximal, within the uterus) is composed of simple columnar epithelium[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix#Histology]
synonym: "cervical canal epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cervical canal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cervix epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of cervix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cervical epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0000241]
xref: MA:0001724 ! cervix epithelium
xref: BTO:0000241 ! cervical epithelium
xref: EFO:0001913 ! cervix epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000002 ! part_of uterine cervix
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervix_Epithelium ! Cervix Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1711358

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012250 ! cervix glandular epithelium
name: cervix glandular epithelium
comment: Histology notes: The “glandular” or columnar epithelium of the cervix is located cephalad to the squamocolumnar junction. It covers a variable amount of the ectocervix and lines the endocervical canal. It is comprised of a single layer of mucin-secreting cells. The epithelium is thrown into longitudinal folds and invaginations that make up the so-called endocervical glands (they are not true glands). These infolding crypts and channels make the cytologic and colposcopic detection of neoplasia less reliable and more problematic. The complex architecture of the endocervical glands gives the columnar epithelium a papillary appearance through the colposcope and a grainy appearance upon gross visual inspection. The single cell layer allows the coloration of the underlying vasculature to be seen more easily. Therefore, the columnar epithelium appears more red in comparison with the more opaque squamous epithelium.[http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx]
synonym: "cervix columnar epithelium" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0006799 ! glandular epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000002 ! uterine cervix
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervix_Columnar_Epithelium ! cervix glandular epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1707350

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006922 ! cervix squamous epithelium
name: cervix squamous epithelium
def: "The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane." [http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx]
xref: MA:0001725 ! cervix squamous epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0010304 ! nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0006914 ! squamous epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000002 ! part_of uterine cervix
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervix_Squamous_Epithelium ! Cervix Squamous Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1707351

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012251
name: ectocervical epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0012249 ! ectocervix
synonym: "exocervical epithelium" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:361376000 ! Entire exocervical epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012252
name: endocervical epithelium
synonym: "endocervical glandular epithelium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0006799 ! glandular epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000458 ! endocervix
xref: SCTID:362256006 ! Entire endocervical epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Endocervical_Glandular_Epithelium ! endocervical glandular epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012253
name: cervical squamo-columnar junction
def: "Region of cervical epithelium where columnar epithelium of endocervic and the stratified non-keratinising squamous epithelium of the ectocervic meet" [http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx]
comment:  Site of 90% of lower genital tract neoplasia. This junction is presumed, but not proven, to be the embryologic junction of the Müllerian and urogenital sinus epithelia.
synonym: "squamocolumnar junction" BROAD []
synonym: "squamocolumnar junction of uterine cervix" EXACT []
synonym: "squamo-columnar junction of uterine cervix" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:280451001 ! Entire squamocolumnar junction of uterine cervix
xref: ncithesaurus:Squamocolumnar_Junction ! squamocolumnar junction
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000002 ! part_of uterine cervix
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0012250 ! cervix glandular epithelium
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0006922 ! cervix squamous epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002368 ! endocrine gland
name: endocrine gland
def: "Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The main endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus is a neuroendocrine organ. Other organs which are not so well known for their endocrine activity include the stomach, which produces such hormones as ghrelin[WP]." [Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ductless gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ductless_gland]
synonym: "ductless gland" EXACT [AEO:0000098]
synonym: "glandula endocrina" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9602 ! Endocrine gland
xref: GAID:335 ! endocrine gland
xref: MA:0002563 ! endocrine gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkiRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Endocrine_Gland ! Endocrine Gland
xref: BTO:0001488 ! endocrine gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkiRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! endocrine gland
xref: EHDAA2:0003098 ! ductless gland
xref: AEO:0000098 ! ductless gland
xref: MESH:A06.407 ! endocrine gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
relationship: capable_of GO:0060986 ! endocrine hormone secretion
xref: SCTID:40818001 ! Entire endocrine gland
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glandulae endocrinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Endocrine_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_endocrine_system.png
xref: UMLS:C0014133

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010133
name: neuroendocrine gland
xref: MA:0000720 ! neuroendocrine gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002368 ! endocrine gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
relationship: has_part CL:0000165 ! neuroendocrine cell
def: "An endocrine gland that is part of a nervous system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009113 ! thymic region
name: thymic region
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000974 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! neck
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003728 ! mediastinum
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002224 {source="MA-modified"} ! thoracic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000153 ! anterior region of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009114
name: cervical thymus
def: "A mature thymus that is entirely part of the cervical region." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: A cervical thymus is a pathological structure in a human - it can form during the migration of the thymus to its location in the mediastinum. Some mice have a cervical thymus. There are examples of cervical thymi in marsupials and prosimians[ISBN-10:0781714125]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9263 ! Metatheria
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009115
name: thoracic thymus
def: "A mature thymus that is entirely part of thoracic region." [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002224 {source="MA-modified"} ! thoracic cavity
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009116
name: thymoid
def: "A thymus-like lympho-epithelial structures, in the tips of the gill filaments and the neighbouring secondary lamellae (both within the gill basket) of lamprey larvae." [PMID:21293377]
comment: Genes: FOXN1
is_a: UBERON:0002368 ! endocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009101 ! ammocoete
relationship: has_part PR:000007636 {source="PMID:21293377"} ! forkhead box protein N1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009119 ! branchial basket
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002370
name: thymus
def: "Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop." [NLM:thymus, Wikipedia:Thymus]
comment: check - a subtype of gland? not in GO. NCIT has thymus and thymus gland. EHDAA2 has ductless gland.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "thymus gland" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001374
xref: EFO:0000860 ! thymus
xref: EHDAA:9119 ! thymus
xref: FMA:9607 ! Thymus
xref: GAID:464 ! thymus gland
xref: VHOG:0000253 ! thymus
xref: MA:0000142 ! thymus
xref: MAT:0000080 ! thymus
xref: MIAA:0000080 ! thymus
xref: TAO:0001078 ! thymus
xref: XAO:0000163 ! thymus
xref: ZFA:0001078 ! thymus
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymus_Gland ! Thymus Gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvpIympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! thymus
xref: EHDAA2:0002017 ! thymus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Illu_thymus.jpg/200px-Illu_thymus.jpg
xref: EMAPA:18768 ! thymus
xref: MESH:A06.407.850 ! thymus gland (also: UBERON:0003483 'thymus lymphoid tissue')
xref: EV:0100138 ! thymus
is_a: UBERON:0002368 {source="EHDAA2"} ! endocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009113 ! thymic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 {source="FMA"} ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 {source="XAO"} ! endocrine system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 {source="XAO"} ! immune system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005562 {source="ZFA"} ! thymus primordium
relationship: has_part CL:0000827 {source="ZFA"} ! pro-T cell
relationship: site_of GO:0030217 ! T cell differentiation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 {source="multiple sources - true thymus appears in jawed vertebrates"} ! Gnathostomata
xref: AAO:0010548 ! thymus gland
xref: SCTID:118507000 ! Entire thymus
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Illu_thymus.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure which originates as several paired thickenings on the dorsal side of the pharyngeal pouches and secretes thymosin.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010548", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: homology_notes "A thymus develops in all vertebrates from the endodermal epithelium of certain pharyngeal pouches and from the adjacent ectodermal epithelium. In fishes, all the pouches, or the first four, contribute to thymus formation, but in tetrapods, the number is more restricted. In mammals, only the third and fourth are involved, and the contribution of the third is by far the greater.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000253", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.558", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "thymic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0040113

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002371
name: bone marrow
def: "flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[WP]." [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow]
comment: TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior kidney" RELATED []
synonym: "head kidney" BROAD []
synonym: "kidney marrow" RELATED []
synonym: "medulla ossea" EXACT []
synonym: "medulla of bone" RELATED [BTO:0000141]
synonym: "medulla ossium" RELATED [BTO:0000141]
xref: BTO:0000141 ! bone marrow
xref: BTO:0000829 ! marrow
xref: EFO:0000868 ! bone marrow
xref: FMA:9608 ! Bone marrow
xref: GAID:1287 ! bone marrow
xref: galen:BoneMarrow
xref: VHOG:0001218 ! bone marrow
xref: MA:0000134 ! bone marrow
xref: MAT:0000084 ! bone marrow
xref: MIAA:0000084 ! bone marrow
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000123 ! bone marrow
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_Marrow ! Bone Marrow
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! bone marrow
xref: MESH:A15.382.216 ! bone marrow
xref: EV:0100046 ! bone marrow
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: site_of GO:0030097 ! hemopoiesis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
xref: AAO:0011007 ! bone marrow
xref: SCTID:421320006 ! Structure of marrow of a bone
synonym: "medulla ossium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray72-en.svg
property_value: homology_notes "The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001218", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V\, Blood Cells and Blood Cell Development in the Animal Kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0005953

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000332
name: yellow bone marrow
def: "bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Yellow+Marrow]
synonym: "fat marrow" RELATED [BTO:0000635]
synonym: "medulla ossium flava" EXACT LATIN [BTO:0000635]
synonym: "yellow marrow" RELATED [BTO:0000635]
xref: BTO:0000635
xref: FMA:74596 ! Yellow bone marrow
intersection_of: UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CL:0000136 ! fat cell
xref: SCTID:5023006 ! Structure of yellow bone marrow
xref: SCTID:328639002 ! All yellow bone marrow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000361
name: red bone marrow
def: "The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/red+marrow]
synonym: "medulla ossium rubra" EXACT LATIN [BTO:0001160]
synonym: "red marrow" RELATED [BTO:0001160]
xref: BTO:0001160
xref: FMA:74595 ! Red bone marrow
intersection_of: UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CL:0000988 ! hematopoietic cell
xref: SCTID:75330005 ! Structure of red bone marrow
xref: SCTID:328538003 ! All red bone marrow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007132 ! head kidney
name: head kidney
def: "The zebrafish head kidney consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-040923-1, doi:10.1242/dev.00427]
comment: in GO, head kidney isa pronephros. Modified the ZFA relationships - the HK is derived from the anterior part of the pronephros and persists until adulthood
synonym: "anterior kidney" EXACT [ZFA:0000669]
synonym: "kidney marrow" EXACT [ZFA:0000669]
xref: TAO:0000669 ! head kidney
xref: ZFA:0000669 ! head kidney
xref: BTO:0005189 ! head kidney
is_a: UBERON:0003103 ! compound organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: site_of GO:0030097 ! hemopoiesis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002120 {source="cjm"} ! pronephros
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "The zebrafish head kidney consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.  It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis.   Davidson and Zon 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000669", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009099
name: typhlosole
def: "an invagination of the intestinal epithelium that emanates from a lamina of mesenchymal cells located between the dorsal aorta and the upper intestine and constitute one of the two principal hematopoietic organs at the ammocoete stage of development." [Wikipedia:Typhlosole, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2093943/]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001277 ! intestinal epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009101 ! ammocoete
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009100
name: nephric fold 
def: "." [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2093943/]
comment: Lymphocytes are also abundant in the lamprey kidney, where large populations are intermingled around the renal tubules
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009101 ! ammocoete

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009101 ! ammocoete
name: ammocoete
def: "lamprey at larval stage" []
is_a: UBERON:0002548 ! larva
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7746 ! Petromyzontidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009102
name: supraneural body
def: "One of the primary immunological organs of the adult lamprey is the supraneural body. This structure lies dorsal to spinal column and becomes heavily populated with lymphocytes following after immune challenge [13–15]. The supraneural body from hematopoietically stimulated lampreys appears to be histologically-similar to ‘bone marrow’ in higher vertebrates and contains all blood cell lineages and their precursors, including lymphocytes at all stages of maturity[16]." [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823822/#R16]
synonym: "pro-vertebral arch" EXACT [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2093943/]
synonym: "dorsal fat body" EXACT [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2093943/]
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7746 ! Petromyzontidae
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004461 ! musculature of head
name: musculature of head
def: "A musculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head musculature" EXACT [FMA:71287]
synonym: "muscle group of head" EXACT [FMA:71287]
synonym: "muscles of head" EXACT [FMA:71287]
xref: FMA:71287 ! Musculature of head
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! part_of head
synonym: "musculi capitis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71287]
synonym: "set of muscles of head" EXACT [FMA:71287]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010959 ! craniocervical muscle
name: craniocervical muscle
synonym: "muscle of head or neck" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle of head and neck" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007811 ! craniocervical region
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck_Muscle ! head and neck muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a craniocervical region." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0448281

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002376
name: muscle of head
def: "Any muscle that is part of a head[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check ZFA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "head muscle" EXACT [MA:0000578]
synonym: "cephalic musculature" EXACT []
synonym: "head muscles" RELATED []
synonym: "musculus caput" EXACT []
synonym: "adult head muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cephalic muscle" EXACT [ZFA:0001652]
synonym: "cranial muscle " RELATED [ZFA:0001652]
xref: BTO:0000021
xref: FMA:9616 ! Muscle of head
xref: MA:0000578 ! head muscle
xref: TAO:0000328 ! cephalic musculature
xref: ZFA:0000328 ! cephalic musculature
xref: ZFA:0001652 ! head muscle
xref: AAO:0000107 ! cranial muscles
xref: EMAPA:18171 ! cranial muscle
xref: EFO:0003524 ! cephalic musculature
is_a: UBERON:0010959 ! craniocervical muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004461 ! musculature of head
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7742"} ! neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000322 ! cranial muscle system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002377
name: muscle of neck
def: "Muscle organ which is a part of the neck. Examples: platysma, sternocleidomastoid, cricothyroid muscle.[FMA]" [FMA:9617]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "neck muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:9617 ! Muscle of neck
xref: GAID:149 ! neck muscle
xref: MA:0000587 ! neck muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Neck_Muscle ! Neck Muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.650 ! neck muscle (also: UBERON:0004465 'musculature of neck')
is_a: UBERON:0010959 ! craniocervical muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: UMLS:C0027532

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002343
name: abdomen musculature
def: "Set of all muscles in abdomen." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: note distinction between abdomen muscle and abdomen musculature
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "abdominal musculature" EXACT []
synonym: "musculature of abdomen" EXACT []
synonym: "musculature of abdominal wall" EXACT [FMA:86917]
synonym: "muscle group of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:71294]
synonym: "muscles of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:71294]
xref: FMA:86917 ! Musculature of abdomen
xref: TAO:0001327 ! abdominal musculature
xref: ZFA:0001327 ! abdominal musculature
xref: FMA:71294 ! Set of muscles of abdomen
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
synonym: "set of muscles of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:71294]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003833
name: abdominal segment muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000527 ! abdominal segment muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002378
name: muscle of abdomen
def: "Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "abdomen muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "abdominal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "abdominal wall muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "abdomen muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001261
xref: FMA:9620 ! Muscle of abdomen
xref: GAID:89 ! abdominal muscle
xref: MA:0000520 ! abdomen muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Muscle ! Abdominal Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlygNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! abdominal muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.050 ! abdominal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003697 ! abdominal wall
xref: SCTID:361352008 ! Entire abdominal wall muscle
xref: UMLS:C0000739

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001339
name: ischiocavernosus muscle
def: "The ischiocavernosus muscle is a muscle just below the surface of the perineum, present in both men and women. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "erector penis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus_muscle]
synonym: "ischiocavernosi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus_muscle]
synonym: "ischiocavernosus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus_muscle]
synonym: "ischiocavernous muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus_muscle]
synonym: "ishiocavernosus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus_muscle]
synonym: "ishiocavernosus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus ishiocavernosus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus_muscle]
xref: FMA:19730 ! Ischiocavernosus
xref: MA:0002330 ! ischiocavernosus
xref: ncithesaurus:Ischiocavernosus ! Ischiocavernosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ischiocavernosus-female.png/200px-Ischiocavernosus-female.png
is_a: UBERON:0002379 ! perineal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001274 ! ischium
subset: organ_slim
xref: SCTID:244975004 ! Entire ischiocavernosus muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224401

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002380
name: trapezius
def: "In human anatomy, the trapezius is a large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "trapezius muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9626 ! Trapezius
xref: VHOG:0000834 ! trapezius
xref: MA:0002398 ! trapezius
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trapezius.png/200px-Trapezius.png
xref: EMAPA:18183 ! trapezius
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010955 ! trapezius pre-muscle mass
xref: ncithesaurus:Trapezius_Muscle ! Trapezius Muscle
xref: SCTID:181740005 ! Entire trapezius muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001112 {source="dbpedia"} ! latissimus dorsi
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001125 {source="dbpedia"} ! serratus anterior
synonym: "musculus trapezius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007173 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion process and spine of scapula"} ! lateral border of scapula
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002497 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion process and spine of scapula"} ! acromion
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000351 {source="dbpedia", notes="external occipital protuberance nuchal ligament medial superior nuchal line spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12"} ! nuchal ligament
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="external occipital protuberance nuchal ligament medial superior nuchal line spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12"} ! spinous process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Trapezius.png
property_value: homology_notes "The sternomastoid and the three parts of the trapezius are branchiomeric muscles that have secondarily acquired an attachment to the pectoral girdle. They evolved from the fish cucullaris.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000834", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.345", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0224361

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010955 ! trapezius pre-muscle mass
name: trapezius pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0002079 ! trapezius pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010989
name: transverospinalis pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
xref: EHDAA2:0002076 ! transverospinalis pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010990
name: transversospinales muscle
def: "The transversospinal muscles are a group of muscles of the human back. Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. They include: semispinalis, spanning 4-6 vertebral segments semispinalis dorsi semispinalis cervicis semispinalis capitis multifidus, spanning 2-4 vertebral segments rotatores, spanning 1-2 vertebral segments rotatores cervicis rotatores thoracis rotatores lumborum" [Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles]
synonym: "deep dorsal muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles]
synonym: "transversospinal group of muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles]
synonym: "musculi transversospinales" RELATED [FMA:TA]
synonym: "transverospinalis" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002075]
synonym: "transversospinales" RELATED  [FMA:71304]
synonym: "transversospinales muscle group" RELATED [FMA:71304]
is_a: UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010989 {source="EHDAA2"} ! transverospinalis pre-muscle mass
xref: EHDAA2:0002075 ! transverospinalis
xref: FMA:71304 ! transversospinales muscle group
xref: SCTID:244866002 ! Entire transversospinalis muscle
xref: EHDAA:9465 ! transverospinalis
synonym: "musculi transversospinales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gray384.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002382
name: rectus abdominis muscle
def: "The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals). There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis/pubic crest inferiorly to the xiphisternum/xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages (5–7) superiorly. It is contained in the Rectus sheath. The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands licked by the tendinous inscriptions. While the 'sixpack' is by far the most common configuration of the muscle bellies of the rectus, there exist rare anatomic variations which result in the appearance of eight ('eightpack'), ten, or—even rarer—asymmetrically arranged segments. All these variations are functionally equivalent. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Rectus_abdominis_muscle]
synonym: "m. rectus abdominis" EXACT [AAO:0010789]
synonym: "musculus rectus abdominis" EXACT [AAO:0010789]
synonym: "rectus abdominis" EXACT [MA:0002364]
synonym: "six pack" RELATED []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:8252 ! rectus abdominis
xref: FMA:9628 ! Rectus abdominis
xref: GAID:142 ! rectus abdominis
xref: VHOG:0000863 ! rectus abdominis
xref: MA:0002364 ! rectus abdominis
xref: ncithesaurus:Rectus_Abdominis ! Rectus Abdominis
xref: EHDAA2:0001595 ! rectus abdominis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Rectus_abdominis.png/200px-Rectus_abdominis.png
xref: EMAPA:18164 ! rectus abdominis
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.050.800 ! rectus abdominis
xref: SCTID:256672008 ! Entire rectus abdominis muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002378 ! muscle of abdomen
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007832 ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: has_muscle_insertion  UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008777 {source="XAO"} ! hypaxial musclulaturex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006635 {source="VHOG"} ! anterior abdominal wall
subset: organ_slim
xref: AAO:0010789 ! m. rectus abdominis
xref: XAO:0004128 ! rectus abdominus
xref: UMLS:C0206066

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002383
name: supraspinatus muscle
def: "The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Supraspinatus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus supraspinatus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Supraspinatus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:8319 ! supraspinatus
xref: FMA:9629 ! Supraspinatus
xref: VHOG:0000848 ! supraspinatus
xref: MA:0002389 ! supraspinatus
synonym: "supraspinatus" EXACT [MA:0002389]
xref: ncithesaurus:Supraspinatus ! Supraspinatus
xref: EHDAA2:0001967 ! supraspinatus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png
xref: EMAPA:18182 ! supraspinatus
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003683 {source="Wikipedia"} ! rotator cuff
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011187 {source="dbpedia", notes="middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus"} ! greater tubercle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006849 {source="dbpedia", notes="supraspinous fossa of the scapula"} ! scapula
xref: SCTID:181626001 ! Entire supraspinatus
xref: UMLS:C0584869

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002384
name: connective tissue
def: "Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibres and ground substance." [VSAO:0000017]
comment: AO notes: MA also has set of connective tissues
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "portion of connective tissue" EXACT [FMA:9640]
synonym: "textus connectivus" EXACT []
synonym: "Bindegewebe" RELATED [BTO:0000421]
xref: AAO:0000098 ! connective_tissue
xref: BTO:0000421
xref: FMA:9640 ! Portion of connective tissue
xref: GAID:100 ! connective tissue
xref: galen:ConnectiveTissue
xref: MA:0000011 ! connective tissue
xref: MAT:0000301 ! connective tissue
xref: MIAA:0000301 ! connective tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Connective_Tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0001017 ! portion of connective tissue
xref: ZFA:0001632 ! portion of connective tissue
xref: EFO:0000952 ! connective tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! connective tissue
xref: VSAO:0000017 ! portion of connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
xref: SCTID:361919005 ! Entire connective tissue
xref: TAO:0001641 ! portion of connective tissue
xref: MESH:A10.165 ! connective tissue
property_value: external_definition "One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000098", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000017", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001641", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
xref: UMLS:C0009780

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007845
name: regular connective tissue
def: "Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue." [FMA:20103]
comment: Editor notes: the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification). 
xref: FMA:20103 ! regular connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002384 {source="FMA"} ! connective tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011821
name: irregular connective tissue
def: "Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium." [FMA:20107]
is_a: UBERON:0002384 {source="FMA"} ! connective tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0007845 ! regular connective tissue
xref: FMA:20107 ! irregular connective tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011823
name: dense connective tissue
def: "Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets" [Wikipedia:Dense_connective_tissue]
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
xref: AAO:0000121 ! dense connective tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue ! dense connective tissue
property_value: external_definition "Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates.  The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT]" xsd:string {ontology="NCIT", external_class="ncithesaurus:Dense_Connective_Tissue", date_retrieved="2012-08-29"}
xref: UMLS:C1511770

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011824
name: fibrous connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0011822 {source="FMA"} ! dense irregular connective tissue
xref: FMA:75634 ! fibrous connective tissue
xref: SCTID:363130003 ! Fibrous connective tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011825
name: loose connective tissue
def: "Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue." [FMA:19783, Wikipedia:Loose_connective_tissue]
is_a: UBERON:0011821 {source="FMA"} ! irregular connective tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0011823 ! dense connective tissue
xref: FMA:19783 ! loose connective tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Loose_Connective_Tissue ! Loose Connective Tissue
xref: UMLS:C1253917

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007846
name: dense regular connective tissue
def: "Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts)[VSAO]" [VSAO:0000050, Wikipedia:Dense_regular_connective_tissue]
synonym: "dense fibrous connective tissue" EXACT  [FMA:64781]
synonym: "dense regular collagenous connective tissue" EXACT  [FMA:64781]
synonym: "typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus)" EXACT  [FMA:64781]
synonym: "dense regular collagenous tissue" EXACT [FMA:64781]
synonym: "regular dense connective tissue" EXACT []
xref: FMA:64781 ! dense regular collagenous tissue
xref: VSAO:0000050 ! dense regular connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0007845 {source="FMA"} ! regular connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0011823 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! dense connective tissue
relationship: composed_primarily_of GO:0005581 ! collagen
xref: ncithesaurus:Regular_Dense_Connective_Tissue ! Regular Dense Connective Tissue
xref: SCTID:22560007 ! Dense fibrous connective tissue
xref: XAO:0004030 ! dense regular connective tissue
property_value: external_definition "Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000050", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
property_value: external_definition "Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA]" xsd:string {ontology="FMA", external_class="FMA:64781", date_retrieved="2012-08-29"}
xref: UMLS:C0225333

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011822
name: dense irregular connective tissue
def: "Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium." [FMA:20109, Wikipedia:Dense_irregular_connective_tissue]
synonym: "typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus)" EXACT  [FMA:20109]
synonym: "irregular dense connective tissue" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011821 {source="FMA"} ! irregular connective tissue
xref: FMA:20109 ! dense irregular connective tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Irregular_Dense_Connective_Tissue ! irregular dense connective tissue
property_value: external_definition "Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT]" xsd:string {ontology="NCIT", external_class="ncithesaurus:Irregular_Dense_Connective_Tissue", date_retrieved="2012-08-29"}
xref: UMLS:C0738366

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002387
name: pes
def: "distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits." [Wikipedia:Foot, Wikipedia:Pes_(anatomy)]
comment: Editors note: consider renaming using less human-centric terminology
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pes" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT []
synonym: "hind-paw" NARROW SENSU [EMAPA:17428]
synonym: "hind paw" NARROW SENSU [EMAPA:17428, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopodium" RELATED [VHOG:0000350]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopodium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot" EXACT [MA:0000044]
synonym: "hindfoot of quadruped" NARROW []
synonym: "hindfoot" NARROW []
synonym: "hind foot" NARROW []
xref: BTO:0000476
xref: FMA:9664 ! Foot
xref: GAID:40 ! foot
xref: galen:Foot
xref: MA:0000044 ! foot
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi-k5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EMAPA:17459 ! hind-paw
xref: EHDAA2:0000546 ! foot region
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot ! Foot
xref: VHOG:0000350 ! hindlimb autopodium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Male_Right_Foot_1.jpg/200px-Male_Right_Foot_1.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.378.610.250 ! foot
xref: EFO:0003065 ! foot
intersection_of: UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006871 ! footplate
xref: SCTID:302545001 ! Entire foot
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Male_Right_Foot_1.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pedal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0016504

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002389
name: manual digit
alt_id: UBERON:0000028
def: "A digit that is part of a manus (hand)." [Wikipedia:Finger]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "digit of manus" EXACT []
synonym: "digitus manus" EXACT []
synonym: "forelimb digit" EXACT []
synonym: "fore digit" EXACT [AAO:0000857, XAO:0003036]
synonym: "finger" EXACT [FMA:9666]
synonym: "hand digit" EXACT [MA:0000041]
xref: FMA:9666 ! Finger
xref: GAID:57 ! finger
xref: galen:Finger
xref: MA:0000041 ! hand digit
xref: AAO:0000857 ! fore digit
xref: XAO:0003036 ! fore digit
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi_f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Finger ! Finger
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi_f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! finger
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090602 ! Finger
xref: BTO:0004669 ! finger
xref: EHDAA2:0000404 ! digital region
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.667.430 ! finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! manual digitopodium region
xref: SCTID:283992002 ! Entire digit of hand
property_value: external_definition "One of the fingers of the manus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000857", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
synonym: "digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:9666]
xref: UMLS:C0016129

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002391
name: lymph
def: "Transudate contained in the lumen of lymphatic vessel[FMA]. Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system[WP]." [FMA:9671, Wikipedia:Lymph]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: ZFA:0005658 ! lymph
xref: BTO:0000855
xref: EFO:0000871 ! lymph
xref: ENVO:02000041
xref: FMA:9671 ! Lymph
xref: GAID:1186 ! lymph
xref: MA:0002520 ! lymph
xref: MAT:0000055 ! lymph
xref: MIAA:0000055 ! lymph
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymph ! Lymph
xref: galen:Lymph ! lymph
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvpDOU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lymph
xref: MESH:A12.207.630 ! lymph
xref: EV:0100049 ! lymph
is_a: UBERON:0000179 ! haemolymphatic fluid
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000913 ! interstitial fluid
synonym: "lympha" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lymph]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Illu_lymph_capillary.png
xref: VHOG:0001590 ! lymph
xref: UMLS:C0024202

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002396
name: vomer
def: "." [Wikipedia:Vomer]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vomer bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000633 ! vomer
xref: FMA:9710 ! Vomer
xref: MA:0001496 ! vomer bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6jKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ZFA:0000308 ! prevomer
xref: ncithesaurus:Vomer ! Vomer
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6jKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! vomer
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012072 {source="Kardong", notes="palatal series"} ! palatal part of dermatocranium
xref: SCTID:272678009 ! Entire vomer bone
xref: TAO:0000308 ! vomer
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001677 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! sphenoid bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001679 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! ethmoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Paired, palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie ventral to the olfactory region and help to floor the nasal capsules.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000633", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that underlies the mesethmoid and inserts in a fossa on the anteroventral surface of the parasphenoid.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000308", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-vomer joint (TAO:0001680)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000308", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-vomer joint (TAO:0001784)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000308", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "prevomer" RELATED [TAO:0000308]
property_value: external_comment "The vomer is paired in some taxa (e.g., Amia) while unpaired in others (e.g., teleosts).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000308", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In bony fish, the vomers are flattened, paired, bones forming the anterior part of the roof of the mouth, just behind the premaxillary bones. In many species, they have teeth, supplementing those in the jaw proper; in some extinct species the teeth on the vomers were actually larger than the primary set. In amphibians and reptiles, the vomers become narrower, due to the presence of the enlarged choanae (the inner part of the nostrils) on either side, and they may extend further back in the jaw. They are typically small in birds, where they form the upper hind part of the beak, again being located between the choanae. In mammals, the vomers have become narrower still, and are fused into a single, vertically oriented bone. The development of the hard palate beneath the vomer means that the bone is now located in a nasal chamber, separate from the mouth[WP]" xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomer#In_other_animals"}
xref: UMLS:C0242403

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012360
name: bone of jaw
synonym: "jaw bone" EXACT []
comment: Editor notes: Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! facial bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011595 ! jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw skeleton
xref: SCTID:369003004 ! Entire bone of jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004768
name: bone of lower jaw
def: "Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "lower jaw bone" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011597 ! bone of upper jaw
name: bone of upper jaw
def: "Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species)." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "upper jaw bone" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002398
name: manus
def: "distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits." [Wikipedia:Hand, Wikipedia:Manus_(anatomy)]
comment: Usage notes: like all limb segments, this class encompasses both the unformed hand region of the embryo to the fully formed structure complete with skeleton
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hand" EXACT [MA:0000037]
synonym: "forefoot of quadruped" NARROW []
synonym: "forefoot" NARROW INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "fore foot" NARROW INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "fore-paw" NARROW SENSU [EMAPA:17428]
synonym: "fore paw" NARROW SENSU [EMAPA:17428, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb autopodium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand region" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000728]
xref: FMA:9712 ! Hand
xref: GAID:56 ! hand
xref: galen:Hand
xref: MA:0000037 ! hand
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViGVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: EMAPA:17428 ! fore-paw
xref: EHDAA2:0000728 ! hand region
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand ! Hand
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViGVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! hand
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090603 ! Hand
xref: VHOG:0000344 ! forelimb autopodium
xref: BTO:0004668 ! hand
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.667 ! hand
xref: AAO:0010803 ! manus
xref: SCTID:302539009 ! Entire hand
intersection_of: UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006875 ! handplate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/LeftHand0.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "manual" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0018563

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002399
name: lesser omentum
def: "The double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lesser_omentum]
comment: editor note: exact part of and develops from relationships need to be established
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gastrohepatic omentum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lesser_omentum]
synonym: "small omentum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lesser_omentum]
xref: EHDAA:4858 ! lesser omentum
xref: FMA:9715 ! Lesser omentum
xref: VHOG:0000357 ! lesser omentum
xref: MA:0001623 ! lesser omentum
xref: ncithesaurus:Lesser_Omentum ! Lesser Omentum
xref: EHDAA2:0000991 ! lesser omentum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gray984.png/200px-Gray984.png
xref: EMAPA:17890 ! lesser omentum of ventral mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18909 ! lesser omentum of ventral mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of gut
xref: EV:0100086 ! lesser omentum
is_a: UBERON:0003688 ! omentum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001178 {source="FMA"} ! visceral peritoneum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005626 {source="MA"} ! ventral mesogastrium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005626 {source="Wikipedia", source="EHDAA2"} ! ventral mesogastrium
xref: SCTID:362712005 ! Entire lesser omentum
synonym: "omentum minus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lesser_omentum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gray984.png
property_value: external_definition "A membranous extension of the peritoneum from the peritoneal layers covering the ventral and the dorsal surfaces of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum. The lesser omentum extends from the portal fissure of the liver to the diaphragm, where the layers separate to enclose the end of the esophagus. It also forms two ligaments, one associated with the liver, the hepatogastric ligament, and the other, the heptatoduodenal ligament, with the duodenum. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000357", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lesser+omentum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0230260

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002400
name: parietal pleura
def: "Parietal serous membrane which is continuous with the visceral pleura and is attached to the dome of the diaphragm.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Parietal_pleura, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:9733 ! Parietal pleura
xref: VHOG:0001495 ! parietal pleura
xref: MA:0002488 ! parietal pleura
xref: ncithesaurus:Parietal_Pleura ! Parietal Pleura
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvv2Uq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! parietal pleura
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000977 ! mesothoracic pleurum
xref: SCTID:361998003 ! Entire parietal pleura
synonym: "pleura parietalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parietal_pleura]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray968.png
xref: UMLS:C0225777

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000977
name: pleura
def: "The delicate serous membrane that lines each half of the thorax of mammals and is folded back over the surface of the lung of the same side[BTO]." [Wikipedia:Pleura]
comment: In mouse, is_a cavity lining. In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term 'pleura' is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue).  See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pleura" RELATED []
synonym: "wall of pleural sac" EXACT []
synonym: "pleural tissue" RELATED [BTO:0001791]
xref: FMA:9583 ! Pleura
xref: GAID:360 ! pleura
xref: VHOG:0000394 ! pleura
xref: MA:0000433 ! pleura
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3zwLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Pleural_Tissue ! Pleura
xref: BTO:0001791 ! pleura
xref: EFO:0001980 ! pleura
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gray965.png/200px-Gray965.png
xref: MESH:A04.716 ! pleura
xref: EV:0100044 ! pleura
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009778 ! pleural sac
is_a: UBERON:0000042 {source="MESH"} ! serous membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009778 {source="FMA"} ! pleural sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002402 ! pleural cavity
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:181609007 ! Entire pleura
property_value: external_definition "The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the pleural cavity. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.264][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000394", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pleural" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0032225

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009778
name: pleural sac
def: "Serous sac, which has as parts the pleura and the pleural cavity. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, right and left pleural sacs." [FMA:9690]
is_a: UBERON:0005906 {source="FMA"} ! serous sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001558 {source="FMA"} ! lower respiratory tract
xref: FMA:9690 ! pleural sac
xref: SCTID:361996004 ! Entire pleural sac
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001004 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002401
name: visceral pleura
def: "Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal pleura and is attached to the parenchyma of lobe of lung.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura, FMA:FMA]
comment: See comments for pleura
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pleura visceralis (pulmonalis)" EXACT []
synonym: "pulmonary pleura" EXACT []
synonym: "lung pleura" RELATED []
synonym: "lung mesothelium" RELATED [EHDAA2:0002205]
synonym: "pleura pulmonalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9734]
synonym: "pleura visceralis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]
xref: FMA:9734 ! Visceral pleura
xref: MA:0002489 ! visceral pleura
xref: ncithesaurus:Visceral_Pleura ! Visceral Pleura
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNFqppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! visceral pleura
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray968.png/200px-Gray968.png
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000977 ! mesothoracic pleurum
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0008946 ! lung parenchyma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 {source="FMA"} ! lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000977 {source="FMA"} ! pleura
xref: SCTID:361997008 ! Entire visceral pleura
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray968.png
xref: VHOG:0001496 ! visceral pleura
xref: EHDAA2:0002205 ! lung mesothelium
property_value: external_definition "Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura"}
xref: UMLS:C0225776

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002402
name: pleural cavity
def: "Cavity of serous sac surropunded by the pleura.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity, FMA:FMA]
comment: Note the EHDAA2 class is not quite equivalent. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:9740 ! Pleural cavity
xref: GAID:95 ! pleural cavity
xref: VHOG:0000581 ! pleural cavity
xref: MA:0000055 ! pleural cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Pleural_Cavity ! Pleural Cavity
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCKAppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pleural cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0001475 ! pleural cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gray965.png/200px-Gray965.png
xref: BTO:0004422 ! pleural cavity
xref: EMAPA:18462 ! pleural cavity
xref: MESH:A01.911.800.650 ! pleural cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009778 ! pleural sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009778 {source="FMA"} ! pleural sac
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003887 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intraembryonic coelom
xref: SCTID:361999006 ! Entire pleural cavity
synonym: "cavitas pleurallis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pleural_cavity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Gray965.png
property_value: homology_notes "In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000581", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0178802

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002403
name: internal intercostal muscle
def: "Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. There are three principal layers; the external intercostal muscles, which aid in quiet and forced inhalation. They originate on ribs 1-11 and have their insertion on ribs 2-12. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Located around the ribs the internal intercostal muscles, which aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2-12 and have their insertions on ribs 1-11. The internal intercostals are responsible for the depression of the ribs decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. the innermost intercostal muscle, the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by the neurovascular bundle. Both the external and internal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, and are provided by the intercostal arteries and intercostal veins. Their fibers run in opposite directions. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intercostal_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intercostal muscle internal layer" RELATED []
synonym: "intercostales internus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9757 ! Internal intercostal muscle
xref: VHOG:0000905 ! intercostales internus
xref: MA:0002326 ! intercostales internus
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Intercostal_Muscle ! Internal Intercostal Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlj6HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! internal intercostal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000875 ! internal intercostal muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png
is_a: UBERON:0001111 ! intercostal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010981 {source="EHDAA2"} ! internal intercostal pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:244890001 ! Entire internal intercostal muscle
property_value: homology_notes "Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000905", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.193", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1744536

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010981
name: internal intercostal pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0010970 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intercostal pre-muscle mass
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
xref: EHDAA2:0000876 ! internal intercostal pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002404
name: transversus thoracis
def: "The tranversus thoracis lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles. It arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs. Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. The lowest fibers of this muscle are horizontal in their direction, and are continuous with those of the Transversus abdominis; the intermediate fibers are oblique, while the highest are almost vertical. This muscle varies in its attachments, not only in different subjects, but on opposite sides of the same subject. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transversus_thoracis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:9760 ! Transversus thoracis
xref: MA:0002397 ! transversus thoracis
xref: ncithesaurus:Transversus_Thoracis ! Transversus Thoracis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Transversus_thoracis.png/200px-Transversus_thoracis.png
xref: EMAPA:19267 ! transversus thoracis
is_a: UBERON:0002426 ! chest muscle
xref: SCTID:244933000 ! Entire transversus thoracis
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C1744608

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002405
name: immune system
def: "Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies." [NLM:immune+system, Wikipedia:Immune_system]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: BILA:0000104
xref: FMA:9825 ! Immune system
xref: GAID:328 ! immune system
xref: VHOG:0001247 ! immune system
xref: MA:0002711 ! immune system
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNkm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001159 ! immune system
xref: XAO:0003152 ! immune system
xref: ZFA:0001159 ! immune system
xref: ncithesaurus:Immune_System ! Immune System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNkm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! immune system
xref: MESH:A15.382 ! immune system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004456 ! entire sense organ system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002294 ! biliary system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
xref: AAO:0011003 ! immune system
xref: SCTID:362590003 ! Entire immune system
property_value: homology_notes "The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001247", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:21046016 Dzik JM\, The ancestry and cumulative evolution of immune reactions. Acta biochimica Polonica (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0020962

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002406
name: pericardial sac
def: "Serous sac, which has as parts the serous pericardium and the pericardial cavity [FMA]." [FMA:9868]
comment: We follow FMA in dividing pericardial sac in pericardium and pericardial cavity
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pericardium" RELATED []
xref: FMA:9868 ! Pericardial sac
xref: TAO:0000054 ! pericardial sac (also: UBERON:0002407 'pericardium')
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 ! pericardium (also: UBERON:0002407 'pericardium')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray489.png/200px-Gray489.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0005906 ! serous sac
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0001074 ! pericardial cavity
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0002357 ! serous pericardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002407 ! pericardium
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0002359 {source="FMA"} ! fibrous pericardium
xref: SCTID:361326002 ! Entire pericardial sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002407
name: pericardium
def: "The outer membrane/wall of the developing heart, surrounding the myocardium. " [Wikipedia:Pericardium]
comment: We follow FMA in dividing pericardial sac in pericardium and pericardial cavity
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: BTO:0000717
xref: EFO:0000820 ! pericardium
xref: EHDAA:5376 ! pericardium
xref: FMA:9869 ! Pericardium
xref: GAID:569 ! pericardium
xref: VHOG:0001280 ! pericardium
xref: MA:0000099 ! pericardium
xref: MAT:0000454 ! pericardium
xref: ZFA:0000054 ! pericardium
xref: ncithesaurus:Pericardium ! Pericardium
xref: galen:Pericardium ! pericardium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvoCLgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pericardium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001443 ! pericardium (also: UBERON:0002406 'pericardial sac')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray489.png/200px-Gray489.png
xref: EMAPA:17174 ! pericardium
xref: MESH:A07.541.795 ! pericardium
xref: EV:0100023 ! pericardium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 {source="GO"} ! epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0004457 ! cavity lining
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002359 ! fibrous pericardium
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002406 ! pericardial sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 {source="XAO"} ! heart
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
xref: AAO:0010817 ! pericardium
xref: SCTID:181295003 ! Entire pericardium
xref: XAO:0004182 ! pericardium
xref: TAO:0000054 ! pericardial sac (also: UBERON:0002406 'pericardial sac')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray489.png
property_value: external_definition "Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010817", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:JMG"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pericardial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0031050

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002408
name: parietal serous pericardium
def: "Parietal serous membrane which is continuous with the visceral serous pericardium and is attached to the central tendon of diaphragm.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Parietal_pericardium, FMA:FMA]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lamina parietalis (pericardii serosum)" EXACT []
synonym: "parietal layer of serous pericardium" EXACT []
synonym: "parietal pericardium" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:3422 ! parietal pericardium
xref: EHDAA:5378 ! parietal pericardium
xref: FMA:9870 ! Parietal serous pericardium
xref: VHOG:0000537 ! parietal pericardium
xref: MA:0000483 ! parietal serous pericardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray489.png/200px-Gray489.png
xref: EMAPA:17175 ! parietal pericardium
xref: EMAPA:19031 ! parietal of serosal pericardium
is_a: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002357 ! serous pericardium
synonym: "lamina parietalis pericardii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9870]
xref: SCTID:243956000 ! Entire parietal pericardium
xref: ncithesaurus:Parietal_Pericardium ! parietal pericardium
xref: UMLS:C0225969

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002409
name: pericardial fluid
def: "Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Pericardial_fluid, FMA:9887]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0001016
xref: FMA:9887 ! Pericardial fluid
xref: MA:0002530 ! pericardial fluid
is_a: UBERON:0007794 {source="FMA"} ! serous fluid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0002425 ! visceral serous pericardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002410
name: autonomic nervous system
def: "The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]." [Wikipedia:Autonomic_nervous_system]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ANS" RELATED []
synonym: "visceral nervous system" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000033 ! autonomic_nervous_system
xref: EHDA:10095 ! autonomic
xref: FMA:9905 ! Autonomic nervous system
xref: GAID:706 ! autonomic nervous system
xref: VHOG:0000396 ! autonomic nervous system
xref: MA:0000219 ! autonomic nervous system
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1123 ! Autonomic nervous system
xref: TAO:0001574 ! autonomic nervous system
xref: ZFA:0001574 ! autonomic nervous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Autonomic_Nervous_System ! Autonomic Nervous System
xref: BTO:0002507 ! autonomic nervous system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gray839.png/200px-Gray839.png
xref: EMAPA:16984 ! autonomic (also: UBERON:0005433 'autonomic peripheral nervous system')
xref: MESH:A08.800.050 ! autonomic nervous system (also: UBERON:0005433 'autonomic peripheral nervous system')
xref: EHDAA:3767 ! autonomic (also: UBERON:0005433 'autonomic peripheral nervous system')
is_a: UBERON:0011216 {source="cjm"} ! organ system subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: SCTID:362481007 ! Entire autonomic nervous system
synonym: "divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Autonomic_nervous_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png
property_value: external_definition "Part of the peripheral nervous system which regulates involuntary functions of the body and consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000033", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Nervous system including a portion of the central and peripheral systems and presiding over the control and coordination of the vegetative functions of the organism. It innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glandular tissues and is responsible for many actions which are more or less automatic (e.g. secretion, vasoconstriction etc.). It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000396", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000396", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/1097-0185(20000615)261:3<111::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-F Butler AB\, Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates: An old brain in a new head. AnaT Rec (New Anat) (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0004388

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002411
name: clitoris
def: "The clitoris is a sexual organ that is present only in female mammals. In humans, the visible button-like portion is located near the anterior junction of the labia minora, above the opening of the urethra and vagina. Unlike the penis, which is homologous to the clitoris, the clitoris does not contain the distal portion of the urethra. The only known exception to this is in the Spotted Hyena. In this species, the urogenital system is unique in that the female urinates, mates and gives birth via an enlarged, erectile clitoris, known as a pseudo-penis. In humans, the clitoris is the most sensitive erogenous zone of a woman, the stimulation of which may produce sexual excitement and clitoral erection; its continuing stimulation may produce sexual pleasure in the woman and orgasm. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Clitoris]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:9909 ! Clitoris
xref: GAID:385 ! clitoris
xref: galen:Clitoris
xref: VHOG:0000700 ! clitoris
xref: MA:0000382 ! clitoris
xref: ncithesaurus:Clitoris
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjr6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: BTO:0002020 ! clitoris
xref: EHDAA:9360 ! clitoris
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjr6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! clitoris
xref: EHDAA2:0000255 ! clitoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Clitoris_anatomy_labeled-en.svg/200px-Clitoris_anatomy_labeled-en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:30819 ! clitoris
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.887.436 ! clitoris
is_a: UBERON:0000062 {source="Wikipedia"} ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000997 {source="MA"} ! vulva
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005876 {source="Wikipedia", source="EHDAA2"} ! genital tubercle
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:181442003 ! Entire clitoris
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Clitoris_anatomy_labeled-en.svg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "clitoral" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0008984

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002415
name: tail
def: "section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso[WP]." [ISBN:0471209627, OMD:tail, Wikipedia:Tail, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Editor notes: Note we also have a subclass post-anal tail, for the chordate specific structure. currently defined very generally, inclusive of caudal fin
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "caudal subdivision" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: BTO:0001348
xref: EHDAA:9198 ! tail
xref: GAID:1245 ! tail
xref: MAT:0000094 ! tail
xref: MIAA:0000094 ! tail
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: WBbt:0005741 ! tail
xref: EFO:0000963 ! tail
xref: AEO:0000109 ! tail
xref: MESH:A13.895 ! tail
xref: BILA:0000117 ! tail
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000154 ! posterior region of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail
name: post-anal tail
def: "a tail that extends from the posterior tip of the organism to the anus, contains muscle and skeleton." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: present at some time in chordate life history (eg in Urochordates, present only in free-swimming larvae). Function: propellor locomotion (in some species)
synonym: "post-anal fin tail" NARROW SENSU [http://purl.oboibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/185]
synonym: "postanal tail" EXACT []
synonym: "muscular postanal tail" EXACT []
synonym: "post-vent region" RELATED [TAO:0001117]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: MA:0000008 ! tail
xref: ZFA:0001117 ! post-vent region
xref: EHDAA2:0003109 ! tail
xref: XAO:0003026 ! tail
xref: ncithesaurus:Tail ! Tail
xref: AAO:0010338 ! tail
is_a: UBERON:0002415 ! tail
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002533 ! tail bud
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="cjm"} ! Chordata
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007626 ! locomotory behavior
xref: TAO:0001117 ! post-vent region
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the organism.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010338", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the vent which includes the anal and caudal fins.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001117", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0039259

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
name: cartilage element
def: "Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient." [VSAO:curator]
comment: AO notes: TAO still mixes tissue and element
synonym: "chondrogenic element" EXACT  [VSAO:0000000]
synonym: "cartilage organ" EXACT [FMA:55107]
synonym: "cartilage" RELATED [VSAO:0000000]
synonym: "cartilaginous element" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: VSAO:0000000 ! cartilage element
xref: FMA:55107 ! cartilage organ
xref: ZFA:0001501 ! cartilage element
xref: XAO:0004013 ! cartilage element
xref: AAO:0011130 ! cartilage element
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002418 {source="VSAO"} ! cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005863 {source="VSAO"} ! cartilaginous condensation
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002418
name: cartilage tissue
def: "Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000040, Wikipedia:Cartilage, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=2257941&aid=3396584&group_id=76834]
comment: Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cartilage" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilage tissue" EXACT [FMA:37377]
synonym: "cartilaginous tissue" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000060 ! cartilage
xref: BTO:0000206
xref: GAID:99 ! cartilage
xref: galen:Cartilage
xref: VHOG:0001207 ! cartilage
xref: MA:0000104 ! cartilage tissue
xref: MAT:0000189 ! cartilage
xref: MIAA:0000189 ! cartilage
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjeOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001501 ! cartilage
xref: XAO:0000170 ! cartilage tissue
xref: FMA:37377 ! Cartilage tissue
xref: EFO:0000949 ! cartilage
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjeOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cartilage
xref: EHDAA2:0003087 ! cartilage
xref: AEO:0000087 ! cartilage
xref: MESH:A02.165 ! cartilage
xref: EV:0100141 ! cartilage
xref: VSAO:0000040 ! cartilage tissue
xref: ZFA:0005622 ! cartilage tissu
xref: ncithesaurus:Cartilagenous_Tissue ! cartilaginous tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
relationship: has_part CL:0000138 ! chondrocyte
xref: SCTID:309312004 ! Cartilage tissue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg
property_value: external_definition "A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000060", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000060", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001501", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000040", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
synonym: "cartilages" RELATED [VHOG:0001207]
synonym: "chondrogenic tissue" EXACT [VSAO:0000040]
property_value: homology_notes "Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001207", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00520.x Hall BK\, Parallelism\, deep homology\, and evo-devo. Evolution and Development (2012)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0007301

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010364
name: dermal skeleton
def: "Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements." [VSAO:0000035]
comment: This ontology covers metazoa, so we do not use exoskeleton as primary label, as in VSAO
synonym: "dermal skeletal system" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "dermoskeleton" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "desmoskeleton" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "exoskeleton" BROAD INCONSISTENT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010912 {source="VSAO"} ! subdivision of skeleton
xref: VSAO:0000035 ! dermal skeleton
xref: XAO:0004025 ! dermal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010365
name: odontoid tissue
def: "Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla." [VSAO:0000063]
synonym: "tooth tissue" RELATED []
synonym: "dental tissue" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "odontogenic tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010364 ! dermal skeleton
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0001763 ! odontogenic papilla
xref: VSAO:0000063 ! odontoid tissue
xref: XAO:0004046 ! odontoid tissue
xref: ZFA:0005623 ! odontoid tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth_Tissue ! Odontogenic Tissue
xref: UMLS:C1519551

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002419
name: skin gland
def: "A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: check FMA, use plural for now as general class not there
synonym: "skin glands" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "skin glands set" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: FMA:71878 ! Set of skin glands
xref: MA:0000146 ! skin gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
synonym: "glandulae cutis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71878]
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "set of skin glands" RELATED [FMA:71878]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010009
name: aggregate regional part of brain
def: "A regional part of brain consisting of multiple brain regions that are not related through a simple volummetric part of hierarchy, e.g., basal ganglia[NIF]." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090509]
synonym: "set of nuclei of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:256381]
is_a: UBERON:0002616 {source="NIF"} ! regional part of brain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090509 ! Aggregate regional part of brain
xref: FMA:256381 ! set of nuclei of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010011 ! collection of basal ganglia
name: collection of basal ganglia
comment: Editor note: it is necessary to introduce two classes, one representing an individual basal ganglion, another representing the aggregate structure, in order to have consistent classification amongst AOs (e.g. in MA the aygdala is part of the BG, in FMA and BTO it is a subclass). Apart from achieving this consistency, the value of having two distinct classes is questionable, since the BG-plural is trivially the collection of all BGs-singular.  it would be better for all AOs to decide on one single way of doing this. Do not merge until this is done.
synonym: "basal ganglia" EXACT  [FMA:84013]
synonym: "basal ganglia set" EXACT  [FMA:84013]
synonym: "set of basal ganglia" EXACT [FMA:84013]
is_a: UBERON:0010009 {source="FMA"} ! aggregate regional part of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000454 {source="FMA"} ! cerebral subcortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 {source="NIF"} ! telencephalon
xref: GAID:617 ! basal ganglia
xref: FMA:84013 ! set of basal ganglia
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105 ! basal ganglia
xref: BM:Tel-BG ! basal ganglia
xref: MA:0000184 ! basal ganglia
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_826 ! Basal ganglia
xref: ncithesaurus:Basal_Ganglia ! Basal Ganglia
xref: VHOG:0001696 ! basal ganglia
property_value: homology_notes "All nuclei of the mammalian basal ganglia are also present in the oldest vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001696", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.001 Stephenson-Jones M\, Samuelsson E\, Ericsson J\, Robertson B\, Grillner S\, Evolutionary conservation of the basal ganglia as a common vertebrate mechanism for action selection. Current Biology (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0004781

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002420
name: basal ganglion
def: "one of a group of nuclei in the brains of vertebrates, situated at the base of the forebrain and strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other areas.ganglion in the head. The main components of the basal ganglia are the striatum, pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus[WP]. Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF]." [Wikipedia:Basal_ganglia]
comment: Editor note: it is necessary to introduce two classes, one representing an individual basal ganglion, another representing the aggregate structure, in order to have consistent classification amongst AOs (e.g. in MA the aygdala is part of the BG, in FMA and BTO it is a subclass). Apart from achieving this consistency, the value of having two distinct classes is questionable, since the BG-plural is trivially the set of all BGs-singular.  it would be better for all AOs to decide on one single way of doing this. Do not merge until this is done.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "basal ganglia" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "basal ganglion of telencephalon" EXACT []
synonym: "basal nucleus" RELATED  [MA:0000184]
xref: FMA:62514 ! Basal ganglion of telencephalon
xref: EFO:0000904 ! basal ganglion
xref: BTO:0000235 ! basal ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Basal_Ganglia_and_Related_Structures.svg/200px-Basal_Ganglia_and_Related_Structures.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0007245 {source="FMA"} ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010011 ! collection of basal ganglia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000045 {inconsistent_with="BTO"} ! ganglion
xref: SCTID:244434001 ! Entire basal ganglion
synonym: "nuclei basales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Basal_ganglia]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Basal_Ganglia_and_Related_Structures.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010010
name: basal nucleus of telencephalon
def: "Subdivision of telencephalon which is actually several islands of neurons lying within the substantia innominata, located ventral to the basal ganglia and anterior to the hypothalamus." [FMA:61887, Wikipedia:Nucleus_basalis_of_Meynert]
comment: AO notes: MA has basal nucleus as synonym for BG. Function notes: rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase[WP]. Location notes: The NBM is inferior to the globus pallidus and within an area known as the substantia innominata
synonym: "nucleus basalis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1107]
synonym: "nucleus basalis of Meynert" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1107]
synonym: "basal nucleus" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1107]
synonym: "basal magnocellular nucleus (substantia innominata)" EXACT  [FMA:61887]
synonym: "basal nuclei of Meynert" EXACT  [FMA:61887]
synonym: "basal nucleus of Meynert" EXACT  [FMA:61887]
synonym: "basal substance of telencephalon" EXACT  [FMA:61887]
synonym: "ganglion of Meynert" EXACT  [FMA:61887]
synonym: "Meynert's nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:61887]
synonym: "substantia basalis telencephali" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0002308 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003017 {source="WP"} ! substantia innominata
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1107 ! basal nucleus
xref: FMA:61887 ! basal nucleus of telencephalon
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002266 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! anterior olfactory nucleus
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001883 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! anterior perforated substance
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001881 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! island of calleja
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002599 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! medial olfactory gyrus
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002264 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! olfactory bulb
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001882 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! nucleus accumbens
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003017 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! substantia innominata
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003020 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! subcallosal area
synonym: "nucleus basalis telencephali" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nucleus_basalis_of_Meynert]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG
xref: SCTID:369109003 ! Entire nucleus basalis of Meynert

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002107
name: liver
def: "An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]." [BTO:0000759, Wikipedia:Liver]
comment: AO notes: Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. Taxon notes: WP: The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates.[7] An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. //  The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003).
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
xref: BTO:0000759
xref: EFO:0000887 ! liver
xref: EHDAA:2197 ! liver
xref: FMA:7197 ! Liver
xref: GAID:288 ! liver
xref: VHOG:0000257 ! liver
xref: MA:0000358 ! liver
xref: MAT:0000097 ! liver
xref: MIAA:0000097 ! liver
xref: ncithesaurus:Liver
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000123 ! liver
xref: XAO:0000133 ! liver
xref: ZFA:0000123 ! liver
xref: galen:Liver ! liver
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! liver
xref: EHDAA2:0000997 ! liver
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg/200px-Leber_Schaf.jpg
xref: EMAPA:16846 ! liver
xref: MESH:A03.620 ! liver
xref: EV:0100089 ! liver
is_a: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
relationship: has_part CL:0000182 ! hepatocyte
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 {source="FMA"} ! abdomen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 {source="EHDAA2"} ! endocrine system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 {source="EHDAA2"} ! exocrine system
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002405 {source="ZFA-weakened"} ! immune system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002423 {source="ZFA"} ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 {source="ZFA"} ! digestive system
relationship: site_of GO:0002384 ! hepatic immune response
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004161 {source="EHDAA2"} ! septum transversum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008836 {source="http://www.stembook.org/node/512"} ! liver bud
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: AAO:0010111 ! liver
xref: SCTID:181268008 ! Entire liver
subset: organ_slim
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003894 {evidence="definitional"} ! liver primordium
synonym: "jecur" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Liver]
synonym: "iecur" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Liver]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Leber_Schaf.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010111", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010111", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: homology_notes "All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000257", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.526\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "hepatic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0023884


[Term]
id: UBERON:0002426
name: chest muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "musculus thoracicus" EXACT []
synonym: "thoracic muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior thoracic region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of thorax" EXACT [FMA:9619]
xref: FMA:9619 ! Muscle of thorax
xref: MA:0000548 ! chest muscle
xref: BTO:0000508 ! thorax muscle (also: UBERON:0004464 'musculature of thorax')
is_a: UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002427
name: arm skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:37721 ! Skin of arm
xref: MA:0000596 ! arm skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Arm_Skin ! Arm Skin
xref: EMAPA:18062 ! skin of upper arm (also: UBERON:0004263 'upper arm skin')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
xref: UMLS:C0222204

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002428
name: limb bone
def: "A bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: NCITA includes clavicle. MA:'limb bone' is actually a bone of limb or girdle // Note that the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids
synonym: "free limb bone" EXACT [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "bone of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of extremity" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0000880 ! limb bone
xref: MAT:0000151 ! limb bone
xref: MIAA:0000151 ! limb bone
xref: EFO:0000945 ! limb bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Extremity ! bone of the extremity
xref: SCTID:304149004 ! Entire bone of extremity
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004381 ! skeleton of limb
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010881 ! limb bone cartilaginous condensation
xref: UMLS:C0582791

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010740
name: bone of appendage girdle complex
def: "A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle)." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "bone of extended limb/fin region" RELATED [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "limb bone" RELATED [MA:0000688, UBERONREF:0000003]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010707 ! appendage girdle complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 {notes="UBERONREF:0000003"} ! entire appendicular skeleton
xref: MA:0000688 ! limb bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002429
name: cervical lymph node
def: "Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cervical_lymph_node]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lymph node of neck" EXACT []
xref: FMA:61213 ! Lymph node of neck
xref: MA:0000736 ! cervical lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Lymph_Node ! Cervical Lymph Node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lymph_node_regions.jpg/200px-Lymph_node_regions.jpg
intersection_of: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
xref: SCTID:181757009 ! Entire cervical lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0588054

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002430
name: lateral hypothalamic area
def: "The lateral hypothalamus or lateral hypothalamic area is a part of the hypothalamus. It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this area can cause reduced food intake. Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus causes a desire to eat, while stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus causes a desire to stop eating. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_hypothalamic_area]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral division of hypothalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral group of hypothalamic nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral hypothalamic group" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral hypothalamic nucleus" RELATED [MA:0000834]
synonym: "lateral hypothalamic zone (crosby)" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral hypothalamic region" EXACT [FMA:62030]
xref: FMA:62030 ! Lateral hypothalamic region
xref: MA:0000834 ! lateral hypothalamic area
xref: GAID:640 ! lateral hypothalamic area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4037 ! Lateral hypothalamic area
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.300 ! lateral hypothalamic area
xref: ABA:LHA ! Lateral hypothalamic area
xref: BM:Die-Hy-HLA ! lateral hypothalamic area
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002273 ! lateral zone of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001931 {source="ABA"} ! lateral preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001933 {source="ABA"} ! retrochiasmatic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001906 {source="ABA"} ! subthalamic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001907 {source="ABA"} ! zona incerta
synonym: "area hypothalamica lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62030]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006964 ! pars distalis of adenohypophysis
name: pars distalis of adenohypophysis
def: "The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource, Wikipedia:Pars_distalis]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pars distalis adenohypophyseos" RELATED [BTO:0001787]
synonym: "pars distalis lobi anterioris hypophyseos" RELATED [BTO:0001787]
synonym: "pars anterior of adenohypophysis" EXACT [FMA:74630]
synonym: "pars distalis of anterior lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT [FMA:74630]
synonym: "pars glandularis of adenohypophysis" EXACT [FMA:74630]
synonym: "anterior lobe" RELATED [MA:0000854]
synonym: "pars distalis" RELATED [MA:0000854]
synonym: "pars glandularis" RELATED [MA:0000854]
synonym: "pars anterior" BROAD [MA:0000854, ZFA:0001195, EHDAA2:0001416]
xref: FMA:74630 ! pars distalis of adenohypophysis
xref: VHOG:0000244 ! pars anterior
xref: MA:0000854 ! pars anterior
xref: EMAPA:17515 ! pars anterior
xref: BTO:0001787 ! pars distalis
xref: EHDAA:7532 ! pars anterior
xref: ZFA:0001195 ! pars distalis
xref: EHDAA2:0001416 ! pars anterior
is_a: UBERON:0000483 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002196 {source="MA"} ! adenohypophysis
synonym: "pars distalis adenohypophysis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74630]
synonym: "pars distalis (glandula pituitaria)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74630]
xref: AAO:0010542 ! pars distalis
xref: TAO:0001195 ! pars anterior
property_value: external_definition "Region of the adenohypophysis which produces the follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, and adrenocorticotropin.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010542", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The anterior part of the adenohypophysis. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000244", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pars+anterior", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000244", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002431
name: obsolete pars anterior
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0006965

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002555
name: intermediate hypothalamic region
def: "." [Wikipedia:Pituitary_gland#Intermediate_lobe]
comment: See notes for pars intermedia of adenohypophysis
synonym: "intermediate hypothalamic area" EXACT [FMA:62028]
xref: FMA:62028 ! Intermediate hypothalamic region
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1015 ! Intermediate hypothalamic region
xref: TAO:0006000 ! intermediate hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus
synonym: "area hypothalamica intermedia" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62028]
property_value: external_definition "Brain structure that lies perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the embryonic neural tube, is continuous with the rostral hypothalamic proliferation and whose most lateral extent is deflected dorsally within the inferior lobe.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0006000", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-001018-1", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-020730-6", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-081114-19"}
synonym: "intermediate hypothalamus" RELATED [TAO:0006000]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002432
name: pars intermedia of adenohypophysis
def: "boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary. It contains three types of cells: basophils, chromophobes, and colloid-filled cysts. The cysts are the remainder of Rathke's pouch. In human fetal life, this area produces melanocyte stimulating hormone or MSH which causes the release of melanin pigment in skin melanocytes (pigment cells). However, the pars intermedia is normally either very small or entirely absent in adulthood. In lower vertebrates (fish, amphibians) MSH from the pars intermedia is responsible for darkening of the skin, often in response to changes in background color. This color change is due to MSH stimulating the dispersion of melanin pigment in dermal (skin) melanophore cells." [Wikipedia:Pars_intermedia]
comment: The intermediate part of adenohypophysis: an ill-defined region between the two lobes of the hypophysis; some systems of nomenclature consider it part of the neurohypophysis. In humans a defined structure develops during embryogenesis, but only scattered cells are retained when the gland matures[BTO].
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pars intermedia" EXACT [MA:0000855]
synonym: "intermediate lobe" RELATED [BTO:0001788]
synonym: "intermediate lobe of adenohypophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "intermediate lobe of pituitary" EXACT []
synonym: "pars intermedia adenohypophyseos" RELATED [BTO:0001788]
synonym: "pars intermedia lobi anterior hypophyseos" RELATED [BTO:0001788]
xref: EHDAA:8765 ! pars intermedia
xref: VHOG:0001178 ! pars intermedia
xref: MA:0000855 ! pars intermedia
xref: ZFA:0001197 ! pars intermedia
xref: BTO:0001788 ! pars intermedia
xref: EHDAA2:0001417 ! pars intermedia
xref: FMA:74632 ! Pars intermedia of adenohypophysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray1181.png/200px-Gray1181.png
xref: EMAPA:17516 ! pars intermedia
xref: SCTID:245534008 ! Entire pars intermedia of pituitary gland
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002196 {source="ZFA", source="FMA"} ! adenohypophysis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0006377 ! remnant of Rathke's pouch
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002198 ! neurohypophysis
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! Aves
synonym: "pars intermedia adenohypophysis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74632]
synonym: "pars intermedia (glandula pituitaria)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74632]
xref: TAO:0001197 ! pars intermedia
synonym: "pars intermedia adenohypophyseos" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pars_intermedia]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray1181.png
synonym: "pars intermedia of anterior lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT [FMA:74632]
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001178", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002433
name: pars tuberalis of adenohypophysis
def: "The pars tuberalis is part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and wraps the pituitary stalk in a highly vascularized sheath. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pars_tuberalis]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pars tuberalis" EXACT [MA:0000856]
xref: EHDAA:8767 ! pars tuberalis
xref: VHOG:0001114 ! pars tuberalis
xref: MA:0000856 ! pars tuberalis
xref: BTO:0001739 ! pars tuberalis
xref: EHDAA2:0001419 ! pars tuberalis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG/200px-Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG
xref: EMAPA:17517 ! pars tuberalis
xref: FMA:74631 ! Pars tuberalis of adenohypophysis
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002196 ! adenohypophysis
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="ZFA:0001196"} ! Danio rerio
relationship: homologous_to ZFA:0005581 {notes="functional", source="ZFA:0001196"} ! proximal pars anterior
synonym: "pars tuberalis adenohypophysis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74631]
synonym: "pars tuberalis (glandula pituitaria)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74631]
synonym: "pars tuberalis adenohypophyseos" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pars_tuberalis]
xref: TAO:0001196 ! pars tuberalis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG
synonym: "pars infundibularis of adenohypophysis" EXACT [FMA:74631]
synonym: "pars tuberalis of anterior lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT [FMA:74631]
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001114", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002434 ! pituitary stalk
name: pituitary stalk
alt_id: UBERON:0003014 ! infundibulum of hypophysis
def: "The pituitary stalk (also known as the infundibular stalk or simply the infundibulum) is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. It carries axons from the magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus down to the posterior pituitary where they release their hormones into the blood. This connection is called the hypothalamohypophyseal tract, and is responsible for the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pituitary_stalk]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hypophyseal stalk" EXACT [MP:0009463]
synonym: "hypophysial stalk" RELATED [ZFA:0001199]
synonym: "infundibulum" EXACT [ZFA:0001199]
synonym: "infundibulum of hypothalamus" RELATED [ZFA:0001199]
synonym: "infundibular stem" BROAD [MP:0009463]
synonym: "infundibular stem of neurohypophysis" EXACT [FMA:74635]
synonym: "infundibulum of pituitary gland" EXACT [FMA:74635]
synonym: "infundibulum of posterior lobe of pituitary gland" EXACT [FMA:74635]
synonym: "neurohypophysis infundibulum" EXACT [FMA:74635]
synonym: "tuberal part of hypophysis" EXACT [FMA:74635]
synonym: "infundibulum" EXACT [MA:0000858, ZFA:0001199]
synonym: "infundibulum of neurohypophysis" EXACT [FMA:74635]
xref: MA:0000858 ! infundibulum
xref: ncithesaurus:Pituitary_Stalk ! Pituitary Stalk
xref: BTO:0000768 ! infundibulum
xref: EHDAA2:0000828 ! infundibulum
xref: EHDAA:7538 ! infundibulum 
xref: EMAPA:17520 ! infundibulum of neurohypophysis
xref: FMA:74635 ! Infundibulum of neurohypophysis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_912 ! Tuberal part of hypophysis
xref: VHOG:0000245 ! infundibulum
xref: ZFA:0001199 ! infundibulum
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002198 ! neurohypophysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
synonym: "infundibulum (lobus posterior) (glandula pituitaria)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74635]
synonym: "infundibulum hypophysis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74635]
xref: SCTID:245529009 ! Entire infundibulum of pituitary gland
xref: XAO:0004210 ! infundibulum
xref: TAO:0001199 ! infundibulum
synonym: "infundibulum neurohypophyseos" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pituitary_stalk]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Pituitary_gland_representation.PNG
property_value: external_definition "A short stalk connecting the pituitary with the brain. Axons of secretory cells in the floor of the diencephalon traverse the infundibulum and terminate in the neurohypophysis.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001199", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. An infundibulum grows ventrally from the diencephalon of the brain, and Rathke's pouch extends dorsally from the roof of the developing mouth, or stomodaeum. The infundibulum remains connected to the floor of the diencephalon, which becomes the hypothalamus, and gives rise to the part of the gland known as the neurohypophysis. (...) Rathke's pouch loses its connection with the stomodaeum in most adult vertebrates and gives rise to the rest of the gland, the adenohypophysis. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000245", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.510 and Figure 15-5", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0751440

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006250
name: infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle
def: "The floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downward as a funnel-shaped recess, the infundibular recess, into the infundibulum, and to the apex of the latter the hypophysis or pititary is attached" [Wikipedia:Infundibular_recess]
comment: Editor note: in FMA this is a cavity, whereas in EHDAA2 it is an epithelial sac
synonym: "infundibular recess" EXACT  [FMA:78456]
synonym: "recessus infundibularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "recessus infundibuli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:16648 ! infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle of pituitary of gland of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16899 ! infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle of pituitary of gland of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000827 ! infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle
xref: EHDAA:4479 ! infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle
xref: SCTID:369280006 ! Entire infundibular recess of third ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003309 {source="EHDAA2"} ! floor plate of diencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000007 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pituitary gland
xref: FMA:78456 ! infundibular recess of third ventricle
synonym: "recessus infundibuli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Infundibular_recess]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray654.png
synonym: "infundibular recess of third ventricle" EXACT [FMA:78456]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000411
name: visual cortex
def: "Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision." [MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.571.735]
comment: Editor note: merge with primary visual cortex? FMA and BTO treat as distinct
synonym: "V1" RELATED [Wikipedia:Visual_cortex]
synonym: "striate cortex" RELATED  [MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.571.735]
xref: BTO:0001857
xref: EFO:0000916 ! visual cortex
xref: FMA:242644 ! Visual cortex
xref: GAID:679 ! visual cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png/200px-Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.571.735 ! visual cortex
xref: EV:0100171 ! visual
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! region of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002021 {source="BTO"} ! occipital lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002436
name: primary visual cortex
def: "The term area 17 of Brodmann (human) refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex in the human. Defined by the band of Gennari, which gives it the name striate (furrowed) area, it occupies the banks of the calcarine sulcus which are located in the cuneus and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the area 18 of Brodmann (human) which surrounds it ( Brodmann-1909 ). In the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) it is located on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere[BrainInfo]." [Wikipedia:Visual_cortex, BrainInfo:2102]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "occipital visual neocortex" RELATED [GEO:GSM336648]
synonym: "calcarine cortex" RELATED [BrainInfo:2102]
synonym: "area striata" RELATED []
synonym: "BA17" RELATED [Wikipedia:Visual_cortex]
synonym: "Brodmann area 17" EXACT [Wikipedia:Visual_cortex]
synonym: "BA17" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "striate cortex" EXACT [FMA:236871]
synonym: "V1" RELATED []
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 17" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748]
synonym: "b09-17" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748]
synonym: "Brodmann area 17, striate" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748]
synonym: "area 17 of brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748]
synonym: "visual association area" RELATED [Wikipedia:Visual_cortex]
synonym: "visual association cortex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Visual_cortex]
synonym: "area 17 of brodmann" RELATED [Wikipedia:Visual_cortex]
synonym: "Brodmann area 17" RELATED [Wikipedia:Visual_cortex]
synonym: "BA17" RELATED ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:236871 ! Striate cortex
xref: MA:0000914 ! primary visual cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1748 ! Brodmann (1909) area 17
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png/200px-Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png
xref: BTO:0004703 ! striate cortex
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-V1 ! primary visual cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! region of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002021 ! occipital lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Primary_Visual_Cortex ! primary visual cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Brodmann_areas_17_18_19.png
xref: SCTID:384772005 ! Entire Brodmann area 17, striate
xref: UMLS:C0038446

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011299
alt_id: UBERON:0013202
name: white matter of telencephalon
def: "A partion of white matter that is part of a telencephalon. This can be further subdivided in some species, for example, into hemisphere white matter and the corpus callosum." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "telencephalic tract/commissure" EXACT  [ZFA:0000597]
synonym: "telencephalic tracts" NARROW [TAO:0000597]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
xref: FMA:83930 ! white matter of telencephalon
xref: ZFA:0000597 ! telencephalic white matter
xref: TAO:0000597 ! telencephalic tracts
property_value: external_definition "CNS white matter that is part of the telencephalon[ZFA:0000597]." xsd:string {source="ZFA:0000597"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011300
name: gray matter of telencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
xref: FMA:83911 ! gray matter of telencephalon
def: "A portion of gray matter of neuraxis that is part of a telencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002437
name: cerebral white matter
def: "White matter that is part of a cerebral hemisphere." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Usage notes: sometimes the term 'cerebral white matter' may be used generically but here is refers specifically to the white matter in a hemisphere. AO notes: The BTO class is inconsistent as it is part of the brain and spinal cord. 
synonym: "hemisphere white matter" RELATED []
synonym: "cerebral hemisphere white matter" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000236
xref: FMA:241998 ! Cerebral white matter
xref: MA:0000945 ! cerebral white matter
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_White_Matter ! Cerebral White Matter
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_711 ! Cerebral white matter
intersection_of: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
xref: SCTID:361691006 ! Entire cerebral white matter
xref: UMLS:C0152295

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005401
name: cerebral grey matter
comment: AO notes: BTO may actually be a more generic structure; FMA may represent a more specific structure. Consider merging with gray matter of telencephalon
synonym: "cerebral gray matter" EXACT [BTO:0000823]
xref: MA:0000944 ! cerebral grey matter
xref: BTO:0000823 ! cerebral gray matter
xref: FMA:61821 ! gray matter structure of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: UBERON:0003528 ! brain grey matter
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002438
name: ventral tegmental nucleus
comment: AO notes: ventral and anterior tegmental nucleus are synonyms in FMA, but we split these into seperate classes. This is consistent with MA, ABA and neuronames, which treat these as distinct (NN suggest the anterior is a rodent specific structure). Location notes: this is part of pons and brainstem in MA, but this leads to an inconsistency with ABA. We err on the side of safety, and exclude the relationship to the pons here.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "nucleus of Gudden" RELATED  [MA:0001031]
synonym: "anterior tegmental nuclei" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [FMA:72435]
synonym: "anterior tegmental nucleus" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [FMA:72435, http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=61761]
synonym: "deep tegmental nucleus of Gudden" EXACT  [FMA:72435]
synonym: "nucleus tegmentales anteriores" RELATED [FMA:TA]
synonym: "nucleus tegmentalis anterior" RELATED [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ventral raphe tegmental nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:72435]
synonym: "ventral tegmental nuclei" EXACT  [FMA:72435]
synonym: "ventral tegmental nucleus (gudden)" EXACT  [FMA:72435]
synonym: "ventral tegmental nucleus of gudden" EXACT  [FMA:72435]
xref: FMA:72435 ! Ventral tegmental nucleus
xref: MA:0001031 ! ventral tegmental nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1421 ! Ventral tegmental nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000275 ! rostral tegmental nucleus
xref: ABA:VTN ! Ventral tegmental nucleus
xref: SCTID:369244006 ! Entire ventral tegmental nuclei of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 {source="NIF"} ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
xref: TAO:0000275 ! rostral tegmental nucleus
synonym: "rostral tegmental nucleus" RELATED [TAO:0000275]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010036
name: anterior tegmental nucleus
def: "a group of cells located ventral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and rat ( Swanson-1998 )" [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1115]
is_a: UBERON:0006331 {source="MA"} ! brainstem nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001891 {source="MA", source="ABA"} ! midbrain
xref: MA:0001055 ! anterior tegmental nucleus
xref: ABA:AT ! Anterior tegmental nucleus
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002438 ! ventral tegmental nucleus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9989 {source="NN"} ! Rodentia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000429 ! enteric plexus
alt_id: UBERON:0012372
name: enteric plexus
def: "A plexus of autonomic nerve fibers within the wall of the digestive tube, and made up of the submucosal, myenteric, and subserosal plexuses; it contains visceral afferent fibers, sympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, and parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies." [BTO:0002437]
synonym: "plexus entericus" EXACT [BTO:0002437]
synonym: "enteric nerve plexus" EXACT [FMA:77597]
synonym: "sympathetic enteric nerve plexus" EXACT [FMA:77597]
synonym: "intrinsic nerve plexus" EXACT [MA:0001147]
synonym: "plexus nervosus entericus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77597]
xref: BTO:0002437
xref: FMA:77597 ! Enteric plexus
xref: MA:0001147 ! intrinsic nerve plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001810 ! nerve plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002005 ! enteric nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012374
name: subserosal plexus
def: "The subserous part of the enteric plexus of autonomic nerves" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/subserous+plexus]
synonym: "subserous nerve plexus" EXACT  [FMA:77598]
synonym: "subserous plexus" EXACT [FMA:77598]
synonym: "tela subserosa" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000429 ! enteric plexus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012375 ! subserosa
xref: FMA:77598 ! subserous plexus
xref: SCTID:110699000 ! Subserosal plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012375 ! subserosa
name: subserosa
def: "a layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa." [Wikipedia:Subserosa]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
xref: FMA:45636 ! subserosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Subserosa ! subserosa
xref: SCTID:2255006 ! Subserosa
xref: UMLS:C0225334

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002439
name: myenteric nerve plexus
def: "plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies lying in the muscular coat of the esophagus, stomach and intestines that communicate with the submucosal, subserosal and enteric plexuses[MP]. Part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbach's plexus (or myenteric plexus) exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucosa, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input, whereas Meissner's plexus has only parasympathetic fibers. It arises from cells in the Nucleus ala cinerea, the parasympathetic nucleus of origin for the tenth cranial nerve, located in the medulla oblongata. The fibers are carried by both the anterior and posterior vagal nerves. It is found in the muscles of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and control GI tract motility[WP]." [Wikipedia:Auerbach's_plexus, MP:0010801]
comment: AO notes: note that FMA uses Meissner's plexus as a synonym, rather than separate class
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Auerbach's plexus" EXACT [FMA:63252, HP:0002251]
synonym: "Meissner's plexus" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:63252]
synonym: "myenteric plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "Remak's plexus" EXACT [FMA:63252]
synonym: "submucous plexus" RELATED []
synonym: "Auberbach plexus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100306]
synonym: "Auberbach's plexus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100306]
synonym: "Auberbachs plexus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100306]
synonym: "plexus myentericus" RELATED [BTO:0002436]
xref: FMA:63252 ! Myenteric nerve plexus
xref: MA:0001148 ! myenteric nerve plexus
xref: BTO:0002436 ! myenteric plexus
xref: GAID:798 ! myenteric plexus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100306 ! Myenteric Plexus
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.050.500 ! myenteric plexus
is_a: UBERON:0000429 ! enteric plexus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012367 {source="FMA"} ! muscle layer of intestine
relationship: has_function_in GO:0030432 ! peristalsis
synonym: "plexus nervosus submucosus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:63252]
synonym: "plexus submucosus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:63252]
xref: ncithesaurus:Myenteric_Nerve_Plexus ! Myenteric Nerve Plexus
xref: SCTID:267716001 ! Entire Auerbach's plexus
xref: UMLS:C0027028

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005304
name: submucous nerve plexus
def: "The nerves of the small intestines are derived from the plexuses of parasympathetic nerves around the superior mesenteric artery. From this source they run to the myenteric plexus of nerves and ganglia situated between the circular muscular fibers and the mucosal cells. From this a secondary plexus, the plexus of the submucosa (Meissner's plexus, Submucous plexus, submucosal plexus) is derived, and it is formed by branches that have perforated the circular muscular fibers. This plexus lies in the submucous coat of the intestine; it also contains ganglia from which nerve fibers pass to the muscularis mucosae and to the mucous membrane. The nerve bundles of the submucous plexus are finer than those of the myenteric plexus. Its function is to innervate cells in the epithelial layer and the smooth muscle of the[WP]." [Wikipedia:Meissner's_plexus]
comment: AO notes: in FMA this is part of the esophagus, duodenum and intestine; this violates part-disjointness axioms in uberon
synonym: "Henle's plexus" RELATED  [MA:0001149]
synonym: "meissner's plexus" RELATED  [MA:0001149]
synonym: "Meissner's plexus" RELATED [MA:0001149, HP:0002251]
synonym: "submucosal nerve plexus" EXACT [FMA:21542, Wikipedia:Meissner's_plexus]
xref: MA:0001149 ! submucous nerve plexus
xref: FMA:21542 ! submucosal nerve plexus
xref: GAID:801 ! submucous plexus
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.050.850 ! submucous plexus
is_a: UBERON:0000429 ! enteric plexus
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001974 {source="FMA-modified"} ! lamina propria of esophagus
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001205 {source="FMA-modified"} ! submucosa of small intestine
xref: ncithesaurus:Submucous_Nerve_Plexus ! Submucous Nerve Plexus
xref: SCTID:322349001 ! Entire Meissner's plexus
xref: UMLS:C0038564

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001816
name: autonomic nerve plexus
def: "A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "autonomic plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral nerve plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral plexus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:5910 ! Autonomic nerve plexus
xref: MA:0000221 ! autonomic nerve plexus
xref: EMAPA:18224 ! nerve plexus of autonomic
intersection_of: UBERON:0001810 ! nerve plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
synonym: "plexus nervosus visceralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5910]
synonym: "plexus visceralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5910]
synonym: "plexus autonomicus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5910]
xref: SCTID:362482000 ! Entire autonomic plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012373
name: sympathetic nerve plexus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001810 ! nerve plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000013 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: MA:0001160 ! sympathetic nerve plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002440
name: inferior cervical ganglion
def: "The inferior cervical ganglion is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery. Its form is irregular; it is larger in size than the middle cervical ganglion, and is frequently fused with the first thoracic ganglion. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_cervical_ganglion]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "stellate ganglion" RELATED [MA:0001154]
synonym: "variant cervical ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "ganglion cervicale inferioris" RELATED [BTO:0000240]
xref: BTO:0000240
xref: EHDAA:8939 ! inferior cervical ganglion
xref: FMA:6961 ! Inferior cervical ganglion
xref: MA:0001154 ! inferior cervical ganglion
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000815 ! inferior cervical ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray844.png/200px-Gray844.png
xref: EMAPA:18439 ! inferior of cervical
is_a: UBERON:0001991 ! cervical ganglion
xref: SCTID:279280008 ! Entire inferior cervical ganglion
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Cervical_Ganglion ! inferior cervical ganglion
synonym: "ganglion cervicale inferius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_cervical_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Gray844.png
xref: UMLS:C0229000

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002441
name: cervicothoracic ganglion
def: "The stellate ganglion (or cervicothoracic ganglion) is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion. Stellate ganglion is located at the level of C7, anterior to the transverse process of C7, posterior to the neck of the first rib, and just below the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cervicothoracic_ganglion]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "stellate ganglion" EXACT []
xref: FMA:6469 ! Cervicothoracic ganglion
xref: MA:0001157 ! cervicothoracic ganglion
xref: BTO:0001815 ! stellate ganglion
xref: GAID:711 ! stellate ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gray845.png/200px-Gray845.png
xref: EMAPA:18226 ! cervico-thoracic
xref: MESH:A08.340.315.350.800 ! stellate ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001991 ! cervical ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001991 ! cervical ganglion
synonym: "ganglion stellatum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6469]
xref: SCTID:181101006 ! Entire stellate ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002442
name: axillary nerve trunk
synonym: "circumflex nerve trunk" RELATED [MA:0001175]
synonym: "right axillary neural trunk" EXACT []
synonym: "trunk of right axillary nerve" EXACT [FMA:65265]
xref: FMA:65265 ! Trunk of right axillary nerve
xref: MA:0001175 ! axillary nerve trunk
is_a: UBERON:0001147 ! trunk of peripheral nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002443
name: choroidal blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: cannot find singular in FMA, using Set class
synonym: "choroid blood vessels" EXACT []
synonym: "choroid blood vessels set" EXACT []
synonym: "blood vessel of choroid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of choroid coat" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of choroidea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of posterior uvea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid coat blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroidea blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior uvea blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:76550 ! Set of choroid blood vessels
xref: MA:0001237 ! choroidal blood vessel
xref: EMAPA:17828 ! choroidal blood vessels
is_a: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001776 ! optic choroid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001776 ! optic choroid
synonym: "vasa sanguinea choroideae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76550]
synonym: "set of choroid blood vessels" RELATED [FMA:76550]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002445
name: ulnare
def: "The postaxial bone of the proximal carpal region. Found in close approximation to the ulna, often in articulation[PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [Wikipedia:Triquetral]
comment: note this bone is termed the triquetral bone in some mammalian taxa, notably humans
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneiform bone of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "cuneiform bone of manus" EXACT []
synonym: "cuneiform of hand" RELATED [MA:0001347]
synonym: "triangular" RELATED [MA:0001347]
synonym: "triangular bone" EXACT []
synonym: "triquetral bone" EXACT []
synonym: "triquetrum" RELATED [MA:0001347]
synonym: "ulnar carpal bone" RELATED [MA:0001347]
synonym: "triquetral" EXACT [MA:0001347, NCBITaxon:9606]
synonym: "os triquetrum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:23715]
synonym: "os ulnare" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:23715 ! Triquetral
xref: MA:0001347 ! triquetral
xref: AAO:0000845 ! ulnare
xref: ncithesaurus:Triangular_Bone ! Triangular Bone
xref: galen:Triquetral ! triquetral
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
is_a: UBERON:0001480 ! proximal carpal bone
relationship: postaxial_part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0001480 ! proximal carpal bone
intersection_of: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001429 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", connected_by="UBERON:0011870 or UBERON:0011869", source="Wikipedia"} ! pisiform
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001428 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="Wikipedia"} ! lunate
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001433 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="Wikipedia", notes="hamate"} ! distal carpal bone 4
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001424 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8292", source="Wikipedia", source="AAO", notes="Amphibia"} ! ulna
xref: SCTID:181965000 ! Entire triangular bone
property_value: external_definition "One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates with the ulna, radius, radiale, centrale (element Y), and carpal 5(4). This element originates from one condensation center or the fusion of two elements (ulnare and intermedium). Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the radiale, or other elements.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000845", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0223739

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002447
name: palatine gland
def: "The palatine glands form a continuous layer on its posterior surface and around the uvula. They are primarily mucous secreting glands, as opposed to serous or mixed secreting glands. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Palatine_glands]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "salivary palatine gland" EXACT []
synonym: "palatine salivary gland" EXACT []
synonym: "palatine glands set" EXACT []
xref: FMA:59795 ! palatine salivary gland
xref: MA:0001584 ! palatine gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Palatine_Salivary_Gland ! Palatine Salivary Gland
is_a: UBERON:0001830 ! minor salivary gland
xref: SCTID:13604002 ! Palatine gland
xref: UMLS:C0930557

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009471
name: dorsum of tongue
def: "the superior surface of the tongue divided by the sulcus terminalis into an anterior two-thirds, the presulcal part (pars presulcalis). and a posterior one-third, the postsulcal part (pars postsulcalis)." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/dorsum-of-tongue.html]
synonym: "dorsal tongue" EXACT  [FMA:54651]
synonym: "tongue dorsum" EXACT  [FMA:54651]
synonym: "dorsum linguae" EXACT  [http://www.drugs.com/dict/dorsum-of-tongue.html]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 {source="FMA"} ! tongue
xref: FMA:54651 ! dorsum of tongue
xref: SCTID:66938003 ! Structure of dorsum of tongue
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsum_of_the_Tongue ! Dorsum of the Tongue
xref: UMLS:C0226952

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002448 ! fungiform papilla
name: fungiform papilla
def: "The fungiform papillae are mushroom shaped e (projections) on the tongue. They are located on the top (dorsal) surface of the tongue, scattered throughout the filiform papilla but mainly at the tip and lateral margins of the tongue. They have taste buds on their superior (upper) surface which can distinguish the five tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. They have a core of connective tissue. They are innervated by the seventh cranial nerve, more specifically via the submandibular ganglion, chorda tympani, and geniculate ganglion ascending to the solitary nucleus (the sensory component of the Vagus nerve in the brainstem). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fungiform papillae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "fungiform papillae set" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "fungiform papilla of tongue" EXACT [FMA:54821]
xref: FMA:54821 ! fungiform papilla of tongue
xref: MA:0001595 ! fungiform papilla
xref: ncithesaurus:Fungiform_Papilla ! Fungiform Papilla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4106 ! Fungiform papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gray1014.png/200px-Gray1014.png
xref: EMAPA:18657 ! fungiform papillae of epithelium of tongue of pharynx of foregut
is_a: UBERON:0001726 {source="MA"} ! papilla of tongue
xref: SCTID:80673002 ! Entire fungiform papillae of tongue
synonym: "papillae fungiformes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fungiform_papilla]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Gray1014.png
xref: UMLS:C0545784

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002451
name: uterine gland
def: "tube like gland lined by ciliated columnar epithelium[WP]. The mucous secreting gland associated with the epithelium lining the uterus. These glands develop and secrete each menstrual cycle and are thought to provide initial blastocyst nutrition prior to implantation[BTO]" [Wikipedia:Uterine_glands]
comment: todo - check FMA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "uterine glands" EXACT []
synonym: "uterine glands set" EXACT []
xref: FMA:71647 ! Set of uterine glands
xref: FMA:86488 ! glandular part of endometrium
xref: MA:0001726 ! uterine gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Uterine_Gland ! Uterine Gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray1169.png/200px-Gray1169.png
xref: BTO:0004518 ! uterine gland
xref: EMAPA:29919 ! uterine gland
xref: SCTID:361377009 ! Entire endometrial gland
xref: BTO:0003433 ! endometrial gland
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
relationship: has_part UBERON:0007592 {source="Wikipedia"} ! ciliated columnar epithelium
relationship: has_quality PATO:0001873 {source="Wikipedia:Tubular_gland"} ! cylindrical
synonym: "glandulae uterinae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71647]
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "glandulae uterinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Uterine_glands]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray1169.png
synonym: "set of uterine glands" RELATED [FMA:71647]
synonym: "glandular part of endometrium" RELATED [FMA:86488]
xref: UMLS:C1183035

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000428
name: prostate epithelium
alt_id: UBERON:0002452
def: "the prostate epithelium." [MP:0001168]
comment: TODO - check 2 FMA IDs
synonym: "prostate gland epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "prostatic gland epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic epithelium" EXACT [FMA:66812]
synonym: "epithelium of prostatic gland" EXACT [FMA:79643]
xref: BTO:0002397
xref: FMA:66812 ! Prostatic epithelium
xref: FMA:79643 ! Epithelium of prostatic gland
xref: MA:0001737 ! prostate gland epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Epithelium ! Prostatic Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0005911 ! endo-epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! prostate
xref: UMLS:C1179826

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009843 ! prostate epithelial cord
name: prostate epithelial cord
def: "A solid cord of prostate epithelium." [PMID:18977204, GO:0060527, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial cord of prostate" EXACT []
synonym: "cord of prostate epithelium" EXACT [PMID:18977204]
comment: Complexity is conferred on the prostate during a postnatal development phase known as branching morphogenesis. Solid cords of prostate epithelium formed in utero elongate postnatally and their tips are bifurcated into primary, secondary, and tertiary branches in a pattern that is unique for each prostate lobe. Branching morphogenesis proceeds differentially for each of the three mouse prostate lobes (ventral, dorsolateral, and anterior) and is completed by about postnatal day 20 in mice, providing each lobe with unique glandular architecture [5]. It is important to note that the developing human prostate undergoes a similar series of morphogenetic events especially during prostatic bud formation, but gives rise to a mature glandular prostate that is unique from the rodent and features peripheral, central, and transitional zones[PMID:18977204]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005154 ! epithelial cord
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! prostate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002453
name: ethmoid sinus
def: "The ethmoid sinus, one of the paranasal sinuses, is the collective name for the ethmoidal air cells. Each ethmoid sinus is an air-space enclosed within the ethmoid bone. The ethmoidal air cells consist of numerous thin-walled cavities situated in the ethmoidal labyrinth and completed by the frontal, maxilla, lacrimal, sphenoidal, and palatine bones. They lie between the upper parts of the nasal cavities and the orbits, and are separated from these cavities by thin bony laminæ. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone_sinus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ethmoidal sinus" EXACT [FMA:84115]
xref: FMA:84115 ! Ethmoidal sinus
xref: MA:0001792 ! ethmoid sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Ethmoid_Sinus
xref: GAID:356 ! ethmoid sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nnh_front.svg/200px-Nnh_front.svg.png
xref: MESH:A04.531.621.267 ! ethmoid sinus
is_a: UBERON:0001825 ! paranasal sinus
xref: SCTID:181206009 ! Entire ethmoid sinus
synonym: "cellulae ethmoidales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ethmoid_sinus]
xref: UMLS:C0015028

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002454
name: dorsal metacarpal artery
def: "Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_metacarpal_artery]
comment: check FMA, singular. specific subtypes e.g. FMA:22761 first dorsal metacarpal artery
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal metacarpal arteries" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal metacarpal arteries set" EXACT []
xref: FMA:70800 ! set of dorsal metacarpal arteries
xref: MA:0001944 ! dorsal metacarpal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Metacarpal_Artery ! Dorsal Metacarpal Artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray529.png/200px-Gray529.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
synonym: "arteriae metacarpales dorsales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:70800]
xref: SCTID:244320002 ! Entire dorsal metacarpal artery
synonym: "set of dorsal metacarpal arteries" RELATED [FMA:70800]
xref: UMLS:C0447094

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002456
name: internal thoracic artery
def: "In human anatomy, the internal thoracic artery (ITA), previously known as the internal mammary artery (a name still common among surgeons), is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery]
comment: note MA has both mammary and thoracic
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "internal mammary artery" EXACT ATTRIBUTION_REQUIRED [MA:0001982]
synonym: "internal thoracic mammary artery" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:8585 ! internal thoracic artery
xref: FMA:3960 ! Internal thoracic artery
xref: MA:0001984 ! internal thoracic artery
xref: MA:0001982 ! internal mammary artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rMe0MIao8EduQrwACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Mammary_Artery ! Internal Mammary Artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rMe0MIao8EduQrwACs5b6Bw ! internal thoracic artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000880 ! internal thoracic artery
xref: EMAPA:18617 ! internal thoracic artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001533 ! subclavian artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001533 ! subclavian artery
xref: SCTID:244239009 ! Entire internal thoracic artery
synonym: "arteria thoracica interna, arteria mammaria interna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray522.png
xref: UMLS:C0226276

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002457
name: intersegmental artery
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "7th intersegmental artery" EXACT []
synonym: "seventh intersegmental artery" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:4340 ! intersegmental artery
xref: VHOG:0000225 ! intersegmental artery
xref: MA:0001985 ! intersegmental artery
xref: ZFA:0001061 ! intersegmental artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000882 ! intersegmental artery
xref: EMAPA:17616 ! intersegmental artery
xref: SCTID:338130007 ! Entire seventh intersegmental artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: TAO:0001061 ! intersegmental artery
property_value: homology_notes "Few changes of evolutionary significance occur in the branching pattern of the dorsal aorta. All vertebrates have (...) paired intersegmental arteries to the trunk, tail, and paired appendages.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000225", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.612", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002459
name: inferior palpebral vein
comment: check FMA, singular.
synonym: "inferior palpebral veins" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior palpebral veins set" EXACT []
synonym: "lower palpebral vein" RELATED [MA:0002147]
xref: FMA:70847 ! Set of inferior palpebral veins
xref: MA:0002147 ! inferior palpebral vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Palpebral_Vein ! Inferior Palpebral Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
synonym: "venae palpebrales inferiores" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:70847]
xref: SCTID:422559003 ! Structure of inferior palpebral vein
synonym: "set of inferior palpebral veins" RELATED [FMA:70847]
xref: UMLS:C1760539

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002460
name: vesical vein
def: "The vesical veins are tributaries of the internal iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vesical_veins]
comment: check FMA, singular.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vesical veins" EXACT []
synonym: "vesical veins set" EXACT []
xref: FMA:70911 ! Set of vesical veins
xref: MA:0002263 ! vesical vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray585.png/200px-Gray585.png
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
synonym: "venae vesicales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:70911]
xref: SCTID:12683000 ! Entire vesical vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png
synonym: "set of vesical veins" RELATED [FMA:70911]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002461
name: anterior abdominal wall muscle
synonym: "muscle of anterior abdominal wall" EXACT [FMA:20278]
xref: FMA:20278 ! Muscle of anterior abdominal wall
xref: MA:0002268 ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Abdominal_Wall_Muscle ! Anterior Abdominal Wall Muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000125 ! anterior abdominal wall muscle system
is_a: UBERON:0002378 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of abdomen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006635 ! anterior abdominal wall
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a anterior abdominal wall." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1744565

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002462
name: erector spinae muscle group
def: "A bundle of muscles and tendons that is paired and runs more or less vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral column." [Wikipedia:Erector_spinae_muscles]
comment: AO notes: isa muscle organ in MA. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "erector spinae" EXACT [MA:0002289]
synonym: "extensor spinae muscles" EXACT [Wikipedia:Erector_spinae]
synonym: "extensor spinae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Erector_spinae]
synonym: "extensor spinae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Erector_spinae]
synonym: "sacrospinalis" EXACT DEPRECATED [BTO:0001652]
xref: FMA:71302 ! Erector spinae muscle group
xref: VHOG:0000984 ! erector spinae
xref: MA:0002289 ! erector spinae
xref: ncithesaurus:Erector_Spinae ! Erector Spinae
xref: EHDAA:9456 ! erector spinae
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwC7lnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! erector spinae
xref: EHDAA2:0000454 ! erector spinae
xref: BTO:0001652 ! sacrospinalis
xref: EMAPA:18168 ! erector spinae
xref: SCTID:244852007  ! Entire erector spinae muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001015 {source="FMA"} ! musculature
is_a: UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010961 {source="EHDAA2"} ! erector spinae pre-muscle mass
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0006839 {source="dbpedia"} ! posterior ramus of spinal nerve
synonym: "m. erector spinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Erector_spinae_muscles]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae"} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia", notes="Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae"} ! cervical vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Gray1124.png
xref: UMLS:C0224301

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010961
name: erector spinae pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
xref: EHDAA2:0000455 ! erector spinae pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002464
name: nerve trunk
synonym: "trunk of nerve" EXACT []
subset: vessel_or_tree
xref: BTO:0000927
xref: EHDAA:4675 ! nerve trunk
xref: FMA:5913 ! Nerve trunk
xref: MA:0002408 ! nerve trunk
xref: EMAPA:16986 ! nerve trunk (also: UBERON:0001147 'trunk of peripheral nerve') (also: UBERON:0003439 'nerve of trunk region') (also: UBERON:0004295 'sympathetic nerve trunk')
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
xref: SCTID:281248001 ! Nervous structure of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002466
name: intestine secretion
def: "Clear to pale yellow watery secretions from the glands lining the small intestine walls. Secretion is stimulated by the mechanical pressure of partly digested food in the intestine." [Wikipedia:Succus_entericus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "succus entericus" EXACT []
synonym: "intestinal secretion" EXACT [FMA:62974]
xref: FMA:62974 ! Intestinal secretion
xref: MA:0002515 ! intestine secretion
xref: ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Secretion ! Intestinal Secretion
xref: GAID:1162 ! intestinal secretion
xref: BTO:0000644 ! intestinal juice
xref: MESH:A12.200.390 ! intestinal secretion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
xref: UMLS:C0021849

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002467
name: filiform papilla
def: "The filiform papillae are thin, long 'V'-shaped cones that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous. These papillae are mechanical and not involved in gustation covering most of the dorsum (upper surface). They are small and arranged in lines parallel to the V-shaped row of circumvallate papillae, except at the tip of the tongue where they are aligned transversely. Projecting from their apices are numerous filamentous processes, or secondary papillae. These are of a whitish tint, owing to the thickness and density of the epithelium of which they are composed. This epithelium has undergone a peculiar modification as the cells have become cornified and elongated into dense, imbricated, brush-like processes. They contain also a number of elastic fibers, which render them firmer and more elastic than the papillae of mucous membrane generally. The larger and longer papillae of this group are sometimes termed papillae conicae. Fungiform papillae are found dispersed throughout the filiform papillae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Filiform_papilla, Wikipedia:Filiform_papilla]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "filiform papillae" EXACT []
synonym: "filiform papillae set" EXACT []
synonym: "filiform papilla of tongue" EXACT [FMA:54820]
xref: FMA:54820 ! filiform papilla of tongue
xref: MA:0002678 ! filiform papilla
xref: ncithesaurus:Filiform_Papilla ! Filiform Papilla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4104 ! Filiform papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gray1016.png/200px-Gray1016.png
xref: EMAPA:18655 ! filiform papillae of epithelium of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18873 ! filiform papillae of tongue of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0001726 ! papilla of tongue
xref: SCTID:58743008 ! Entire filiform papillae of tongue
synonym: "papillae filiformes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Filiform_papilla]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Gray1016.png
xref: UMLS:C0545782

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002468
name: foliate papilla
def: "Taste-buds, the end-organs of the gustatory sense, are scattered over the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue at irregular intervals. They occur especially in the sides of the vallate papillae. There is a localized area at the side of the base of the tongue, the foliate papillae, in which they are especially abundant. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "foliate papillae" EXACT []
synonym: "foliate papillae set" EXACT []
synonym: "foliate papilla of tongue" EXACT [FMA:54823]
xref: FMA:54823 ! foliate papilla of tongue
xref: MA:0002679 ! foliate papilla
xref: ncithesaurus:Foliate_Papilla ! Foliate Papilla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4105 ! Foliate papilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray1021.png/200px-Gray1021.png
is_a: UBERON:0001726 ! papilla of tongue
xref: SCTID:362098003 ! Entire foliate papillae of tongue
synonym: "papillae foliatae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foliate_papilla]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray1021.png
xref: UMLS:C0545785

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004648
name: esophagus muscularis mucosa
synonym: "lamina muscularis of esophageal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:63059]
synonym: "muscularis mucosae of esophagus" EXACT [FMA:63059]
synonym: "esophagus muscularis mucosae" EXACT []
xref: FMA:63059 ! Muscularis mucosae of esophagus
xref: MA:0002681 ! esophagus muscularis mucosa
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Muscularis_Mucosa ! Esophageal Muscularis Mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002469 ! esophagus mucosa
xref: SCTID:47720007 ! Lamina muscularis of esophageal mucous membrane
def: "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a esophagus." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0227177

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002469
name: esophagus mucosa
alt_id: UBERON:0003345
def: "A mucosa that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophageal mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "esophagus mucosa" EXACT [FMA:62996]
synonym: "oesophageal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:62996]
synonym: "oesophagus mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "mucous membrane of esophagus" EXACT []
synonym: "mucous membrane of oesophagus" EXACT [FMA:62996]
synonym: "muscularis mucosae of oesophagus" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:62996]
synonym: "esophagus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica mucosa oesophagi" RELATED [BTO:0002859]
xref: FMA:62996 ! Mucosa of esophagus
xref: MA:0002680 ! esophagus mucosa
xref: EMAPA:26981 ! mucosa of oesophagus of foregut
xref: EMAPA:26991 ! mucosa of oesophagus of gut
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Mucosa ! Esophageal Mucosa
xref: BTO:0002859 ! esophageal mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001096 ! wall of esophagus
synonym: "lamina muscularis mucosae oesophageae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62996]
synonym: "tunica mucosa oesophageae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62996]
synonym: "tunica mucosa oesophagi" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica mucosa esophagi" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:362127004 ! Entire esophageal mucous membrane
xref: UMLS:C0227176

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001020
name: commissure
def: "White matter fiber bundle that crosses the midline of the brain or spinal cord[NIF]. In the context of Drosophila refers to a broad band of axons connecting the same neuropils each side of the brain[FBbt]." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090513, Wikipedia:Commissure]
comment: *not* the same as FMA:76741 Commissure
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "commissure of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:83906]
synonym: "neuraxis commissure" EXACT [FMA:83906]
xref: FBbt:00005103 ! commissure
xref: FMA:83906 ! Commissure of neuraxis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdBrmE6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw
xref: ncithesaurus:Commissure ! Commissure
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdBrmE6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw ! commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090513 ! Commissure
xref: TADS:0000201 ! adult synganglion commissure
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
property_value: has_relational_adjective "commissural" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1185742

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005970
name: brain commissure
intersection_of: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: in_median_plane_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
property_value: external_definition "any of the nerve fiber tracts that span the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral and/or cerebellar hemispheres of the brain[MP]" xsd:string {ontology="MP", external_class="MP:0002199", date_retrieved="2012-08-08"}
def: "A commissure that is part of a brain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007417 ! peduncle of neuraxis
name: peduncle of neuraxis
synonym: "neuraxis peduncle" EXACT  [FMA:83860]
xref: FMA:83860 ! peduncle of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002623
name: cerebral peduncle
def: "The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. The region includes the midbrain tegmentum, crus cerebri, substantia nigra and pretectum. By this definition, the cerebral peduncles are also known as the basis pedunculi, while the large ventral bundle of efferent fibers is referred to as the crus cerebri or the pes pedunculi There are numerous nerve tracts located within this section of the brainstem. Of note, in the cerebral peduncular loop fibers from motor areas of the brain project to the cerebral peduncle and then project to various thalamic nuclei. In as much as the peduncles are an anatomic landmark, for details regarding the function of this area interested readers are referred to the individual referenced articles. On a broad scale, though, this area contains many nerve tracts conveying motor information to and from the brain to the rest of the body. Important fibers running through the cerebral peduncles include the corticospinal tract and the corticobulbar tract, among others. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cerebral_peduncle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cerebral peduncle" EXACT [FMA:62394]
synonym: "peduncle of midbrain" EXACT [FMA:62394]
xref: FMA:62394 ! Peduncle of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1202 ! Cerebral peduncle
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Peduncle ! Cerebral Peduncle
xref: EFO:0001987 ! cerebral peduncle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray689.png/200px-Gray689.png
xref: BTO:0004676 ! cerebral peduncle
xref: BM:CP ! cerebral peduncle
is_a: UBERON:0007417 {source="FMA"} ! peduncle of neuraxis
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002038 ! substantia nigra
synonym: "pedunculus cerebri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62394]
xref: SCTID:362391000 ! Entire cerebral peduncle
synonym: "pedunculus cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebral_peduncle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray689.png
xref: UMLS:C0007793

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002474 ! cerebellar peduncular complex
name: cerebellar peduncular complex
def: "A composite structure of the brain stem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain (MM)[NIF]." [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_peduncle, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_970]
comment: todo - this requires work for making consistent with ABA, which strictly separates cerebellum from brainstem. in MA, cerebellar peduncle is part of both brainstem and cerebellar white matter. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cerebellum peduncles" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellar peduncles" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellar peduncles set" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellar peduncles and decussations" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_970]
xref: FMA:77791 ! set of cerebellar peduncles 
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_970 ! Cerebellar penducular complex
is_a: UBERON:0002317 {source="NIF"} ! white matter of cerebellum
synonym: "pedunculi cerebellares" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77791]
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Peduncle ! cerebellar peduncle (also: UBERON:0007416 'cerebellar peduncle')
synonym: "set of cerebellar peduncles" RELATED [FMA:77791]
xref: UMLS:C0228515

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007416 ! cerebellar peduncle
name: cerebellar peduncle
xref: MA:0002742 ! cerebellar peduncle
xref: FMA:272298 ! cerebellar peduncle
is_a: UBERON:0007417 {source="FMA"} ! peduncle of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002474 ! cerebellar peduncular complex
xref: SCTID:362417003 ! Entire cerebellar peduncle
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Peduncle ! cerebellar peduncle (also: UBERON:0002474 'cerebellar peduncular complex')
xref: UMLS:C0228515

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002152
name: middle cerebellar peduncle
def: "The middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis) are composed entirely of centripetal fibers, which arise from the cells of the nuclei pontis of the opposite side and end in the cerebellar cortex; the fibers are arranged in three fasciculi, superior, inferior, and deep. The superior fasciculus, the most superficial, is derived from the upper transverse fibers of the pons; it is directed backward and lateralward superficial to the other two fasciculi, and is distributed mainly to the lobules on the inferior surface of the cerebellar hemisphere and to the parts of the superior surface adjoining the posterior and lateral margins. The inferior fasciculus is formed by the lowest transverse fibers of the pons; it passes under cover of the superior fasciculus and is continued downward and backward more or less parallel with it, to be distributed to the folia on the under surface close to the vermis. The deep fasciculus comprises most of the deep transverse fibers of the pons. It is at first covered by the superior and inferior fasciculi, but crosses obliquely and appears on the medial side of the superior, from which it receives a bundle; its fibers spread out and pass to the upper anterior cerebellar folia. The fibers of this fasciculus cover those of the restiform body. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "brachium pontis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1529]
xref: FMA:72515 ! Middle cerebellar peduncle
xref: MA:0002745 ! middle cerebellar peduncle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1529 ! Middle cerebellar peduncle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1699
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Gray705.png/200px-Gray705.png
xref: BM:Pons-BP ! brachium pontis
is_a: UBERON:0007416 ! cerebellar peduncle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002298 ! brainstem
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002567 {source="FMA"} ! basal part of pons
xref: SCTID:279219000 ! Entire middle cerebellar peduncle
synonym: "pedunculus cerebellaris medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray705.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002163
name: inferior cerebellar peduncle
def: "The upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata is occupied by the inferior peduncle, a thick rope-like strand situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Each cerebellar inferior peduncle connects the medulla spinalis and medulla oblongata with the cerebellum, and comprises the juxtarestiform body and restiform body. Important fibers running through the inferior cerebellar peduncle include the spinocerebellar tract and axons from the inferior olivary nucleus, among others. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "restiform body" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1691]
synonym: "inferior peduncle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle]
xref: FMA:72615 ! Inferior cerebellar peduncle
xref: MA:0002744 ! inferior cerebellar peduncle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1645
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1691 ! Inferior cerebellar peduncle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gray677.png/200px-Gray677.png
xref: BM:RB ! restiform body
is_a: UBERON:0007416 ! cerebellar peduncle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="FMA"} ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "corpus restiforme" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72615]
xref: SCTID:362418008 ! Entire inferior cerebellar peduncle
synonym: "pedunculus cerebellaris inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Gray677.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002150 ! superior cerebellar peduncle
name: superior cerebellar peduncle
def: "The superior cerebellar peduncles (brachium conjunctivum), two in number, emerge from the upper and medial part of the white substance of the hemispheres and are placed under cover of the upper part of the cerebellum. They are joined to each other across the middle line by the anterior medullary velum, and can be followed upward as far as the inferior colliculi, under which they disappear. Below, they form the upper lateral boundaries of the fourth ventricle, but as they ascend they converge on the dorsal aspect of the ventricle and thus assist in roofing it in. All fibers (except vestibular fibers to the vestibular nuclei through the inferior cerebellar peduncle) carrying information from the cerebellum to the midbrain and pons pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle]
comment: Editor notes: we follow NIF in dividing this into 3 parts. This allows for consistency with ABA. AO notes: we make the TAO class disjoint for now as it's not clear if this is the analagous structure
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "brachium conjunctivum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1711]
synonym: "superior peduncle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle]
xref: MA:0002746 ! superior cerebellar peduncle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1711 ! Superior cerebellar peduncle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray704.png/200px-Gray704.png
xref: BM:BC ! brachium conjunctivum
is_a: UBERON:0007416 ! cerebellar peduncle
xref: SCTID:279218008 ! Entire superior cerebellar peduncle
synonym: "pedunculus cerebellaris superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray704.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007707
name: superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain
def: "Regional part of superior cerebellar peduncle, located in the midbrain, consisting of a large bundle of fibers largely projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the midbrain and thalamus.  It is continuous with the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons. (MM)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1162]
synonym: "SCPMB" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1162]
synonym: "superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1162]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1162 ! Superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002150 ! superior cerebellar peduncle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 {source="NIF"} ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007709
name: superior cerebellar peduncle of pons
comment: note that FMA:72495 most likely denotes this class rather than the more generic parent, due to the part of relationship to pontine tegmentum.
synonym: "SCPP" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1726]   
synonym: "superior cerebellar peduncle of pons" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1726]
xref: NeuroNames:1007150190
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1726 ! Superior cerebellar peduncle of pons
xref: FMA:72495 ! Superior cerebellar peduncle
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002150 ! superior cerebellar peduncle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 ! pontine tegmentum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 {source="FMA"} ! pontine tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002588
name: decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
alt_id: UBERON:0003032
def: "Regional part of superior cerebellar peduncle located in the caudal midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus, consisting of a large bundle of fibers crossing the midline.  It contains fibers projecting from the deep cerebellar nucleus to the midbrain and thalamus through the superior cerebellar peduncle (MM). The decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle is the portion of the superior cerebellar peduncle which crosses into the midbrain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Decussation_of_superior_cerebellar_peduncle, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1089]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "decussation of brachium conjunctivum" EXACT [FMA:72455]
synonym: "decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles" EXACT [FMA:72455]
synonym: "superior cerebellar peduncle decussation" EXACT [FMA:72455]
synonym: "Wernekink's decussation" EXACT [FMA:72455]
xref: FMA:72455 ! Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1089 ! Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gray711.png/200px-Gray711.png
xref: BM:BCX ! decussation of brachium conjunctivum
is_a: UBERON:0007418 ! decussation of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 {source="FMA"} ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002150 ! superior cerebellar peduncle
synonym: "decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72455]
xref: SCTID:369252009 ! Entire decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002475
name: saphenous nerve
def: "The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Saphenous_nerve]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:45262 ! Saphenous nerve
xref: MA:0002761 ! saphenous nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvY0kgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvY0kgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! saphenous nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gray827.png/200px-Gray827.png
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001267 ! femoral nerve
xref: SCTID:181079005 ! Entire saphenous nerve
synonym: "nervus saphenus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Saphenous_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Gray827.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002476
name: lateral globus pallidus
def: "The lateral globus pallidus (or external, GPe) receives a strong glutamatergic projection from the subthalamic nucleus. The two form a particular system: a coupled pacemaker. The axons of the external globus pallidum go essentially to the subthalamic nucleus. They go also to other elements of the basal ganglia system, the striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the internal globus pallidus, where they release the neurotransmitter GABA. GPe is particular in comparison to the other elements of the set by the fact that it does not work as an output base of the basal ganglia (not sending axons to the thalamus) but as the main regulator of the basal ganglia system. It is sometimes used as a target for deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_globus_pallidus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external globus pallidus" EXACT []
synonym: "globus pallidus external segment" EXACT [MA:0002767, FMA:61839, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610]
synonym: "globus pallidus externus" EXACT []
synonym: "globus pallidus lateral segment" RELATED [MA:0002767]
synonym: "globus pallidus, lateral segment" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral pallidal segment" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral part of globus pallidus" EXACT []
synonym: "pallidus II" EXACT [FMA:61839]
synonym: "globus pallidus lateralis" EXACT [BTO:0002247]
synonym: "external pallidum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610]
synonym: "external part of globus pallidus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610]
synonym: "lateral pallidum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610]
synonym: "lateral segment of globus pallidus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610]
synonym: "pallidum I" RELATED [BTO:0002247]
xref: FMA:61839 ! Lateral globus pallidus
xref: MA:0002767 ! lateral globus pallidus
xref: BTO:0002247 ! globus pallidus lateralis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1610 ! Globus pallidus external segment
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif/200px-Brain_structure.gif
xref: ABA:GPe ! Globus pallidus, external segment
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001875 ! globus pallidus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002477 {source="ABA"} ! medial globus pallidus
synonym: "pars lateralis globi pallidi medialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61839]
xref: SCTID:361560008 ! Entire lateral globus pallidus
xref: EHDAA2:0004462 ! globus pallidus externus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000432
name: endopeduncular nucleus
def: "A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial GLOBUS PALLIDUS (NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc. washington.edu/neuronames/ (September 28, 1998)). In non-primates, the entopeduncular nucleus is analogous to both the medial globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus of human." [MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.800.240]
comment: The term entopeduncular nucleus in human neuroanatomy refers to a portion of the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis described variously as located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule ( Riley-1943 ), along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle ( Crosby-1962 ), or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial segment of the globus pallidus ( Nomina-1983 ).[NN]
synonym: "nucleus endopeduncularis" RELATED [BTO:0002475]
synonym: "nucleus entopeduncularis" RELATED []
synonym: "entopeduncular nucleus" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0002475
xref: FMA:77691 ! Endopeduncular nucleus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.800.240 ! entopeduncular nucleu
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009641 {source="NN"} ! ansa lenticularis
xref: SCTID:82705008 ! Entire endopeduncular nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002477
name: medial globus pallidus
def: "The medial globus pallidus (or internal, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. The GABA-containing neurons send their axons to specific nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (VA and VL), to the centromedian complex and to the pedunculopontine complex. The efferent bundle is constituted first of the ansa and fasciculus lenticularis, then crosses the internal capsule as the Edinger's comb system then arrives at the laterosuperior corner of the subthalamic nucleus and constitutes the Forel's field H2, then H, and suddenly changes its direction to form H1 that goes to the inferior part of the thalamus. The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_globus_pallidus]
comment: See also: endopeduncular nucleus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "entopeduncular nucleus (monakow)" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "globus pallidus internal segment" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "globus pallidus internus" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "globus pallidus medial segment" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "globus pallidus medialis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "globus pallidus, medial segment" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "internal globus pallidus" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "medial pallidal segment" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "medial part of globus pallidus" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "mesial pallidum" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "pallidus I" EXACT  [FMA:61840]
synonym: "globus pallidus interna" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "globus pallidus internus" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "globus pallidus medialis" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "entopeduncular nucleus" RELATED [MA:0002768]
synonym: "entopeduncular nucleus (monakow)" EXACT []
synonym: "globus pallidus inernal segment" RELATED [MA:0002768]
synonym: "globus pallidus internal segment" EXACT []
synonym: "globus pallidus internus" EXACT []
synonym: "globus pallidus medial segment" RELATED [MA:0002768]
synonym: "globus pallidus, medial segment" EXACT []
synonym: "internal globus pallidus" EXACT []
synonym: "medial pallidal segment" EXACT []
synonym: "medial part of globus pallidus" EXACT []
synonym: "mesial pallidum" EXACT []
synonym: "globus pallidus medialis" EXACT [BTO:0002248]
synonym: "internal pallidum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1555]
synonym: "internal part of globus pallidus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1555]
synonym: "medial segment of globus pallidus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1555]
synonym: "pallidum I" RELATED []
synonym: "pallidus I" RELATED []
synonym: "pars medialis globi pallidi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61840]
xref: FMA:61840 ! Medial globus pallidus
xref: MA:0002768 ! medial globus pallidus
xref: BTO:0002248 ! globus pallidus medialis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1555 ! Globus pallidus internal segment
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif/200px-Brain_structure.gif
xref: ABA:GPi ! Globus pallidus, internal segment
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001875 {source="MA"} ! globus pallidus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002476 {source="ABA"} ! lateral globus pallidus
xref: SCTID:361562000 ! Entire medial globus pallidus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Brain_structure.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002479
name: dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
def: "The main division of the lateral geniculate body; consists of two magnocellular layers [TA] (strata magnocellularia [TA]) and four parvocellular layers [TA] (strata parvocellularia [TA]) and serves as a processing station in the major pathway from the retina to the cerebral cortex, receiving fibers from the optic tract and giving rise to the geniculocalcarine radiation to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=61422]
synonym: "dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body" RELATED [MA:0002775]
synonym: "lateral geniculate complex, dorsal part" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1595]
synonym: "nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62214]
xref: FMA:62214 ! Dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body
xref: MA:0002775 ! dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1595 ! Dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body
xref: ABA:LGd ! Dorsal part of the lateral geniculate complex
xref: BM:GLd ! dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001926 ! lateral geniculate body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001927 {source="ABA"} ! medial geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002480
name: ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
synonym: "lateral geniculate complex, ventral part" EXACT []
synonym: "pregeniculate nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body" RELATED [MA:0002776]
synonym: "dorsal_nucleus_of_lateral_geniculate_body" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "corpus geniculatum externum, nucleus accessorius" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "corpus geniculatum laterale, pars oralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "griseum praegeniculatum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "lateral geniculate complex, ventral part (kolliker)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis, pars ventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "nucleus praegeniculatus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "nucleus pregeniculatum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "praegeniculatum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
synonym: "ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597]
xref: FMA:62215 ! Ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body
xref: MA:0002776 ! ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1597 ! Ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body
xref: ABA:LGv ! Ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex
xref: BM:LGv ! ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001926 ! lateral geniculate body
synonym: "nucleus pregeniculatus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62215]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62215]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013605
name: layer of lateral geniculate body
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001926 ! lateral geniculate body
xref: FMA:76988 ! Koniocellular layer of dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013615
name: koniocellular layer of dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body
comment: Short-wavelength "blue" cones.[WP]
synonym: "konioocellular layer of lateral geniculate nucleus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0013605 ! layer of lateral geniculate body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002479 ! dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
xref: FMA:76988 ! Koniocellular layer of dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013606
name: magnocellular layer of dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body
comment: Rods; necessary for the perception of movement, depth, and small differences in brightness[WP]
synonym: "magnocellular layer of lateral geniculate nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral geniculate nucleus magnocellular layer " EXACT []
synonym: "strata magnocellularia " BROAD []
intersection_of: UBERON:0013605 ! layer of lateral geniculate body
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CL:0011003 ! magnocellular neurosecretory cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002479 ! dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
xref: FMA:76989 ! Magnocellular layer of dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013607
name: parvocellular layer of dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body
comment: Cones; long- and medium-wavelength ("red" and "green" cones); necessary for the perception of color and form (fine details).[WP]
synonym: "parvocellular layer of lateral geniculate nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "strata parvocellularia " BROAD []
intersection_of: UBERON:0013605 ! layer of lateral geniculate body
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CL:1001505 ! parvocellular neurosecretory cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002479 ! dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
xref: FMA:76992 ! Parvocellular layer of dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue
name: skeletal tissue
def: "A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]" [VSAO:0000015, GO_REF:0000034, PSPUB:0000170]
comment: Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from
synonym: "mineralized tissue" NARROW []
xref: VSAO:0000015 ! skeletal tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002384 {source="VSAO"} ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: develops_from CL:0007001 {source="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000015", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"} ! skeletogenic cell
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003714 ! neural tissue
xref: SCTID:309311006 ! Skeletal tissue
xref: XAO:0004038 ! skeletal tissue
xref: ZFA:0005619 ! skeletal tissue
property_value: external_definition "A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000015", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170", notes="taken from version of VSAO used in TAO and used directly in Uberon"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002481
name: bone tissue
def: "Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts[VSAO]." [Wikipedia:Bone_tissue, VSAO:0000047]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "osseous tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "calcium tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "osteogenic tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
xref: FMA:224804 ! Bone tissue
xref: galen:BoneTissue
xref: MA:0002780 ! bone tissue
xref: MESH:A02.835.232 ! bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_Tissue ! Bone Tissue
xref: VSAO:0000047 ! bone tissue
xref: ZFA:0005621 ! bone tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004755 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: has_part CHEBI:52255 ! hydroxylapatite
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000047", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="GO_REF:0000034", source="PSPUB:0000170"}
xref: UMLS:C0391978

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002482
name: lamellar bone
def: "Bone tissue that has a regular parallel alignment of collagen into sheets (lamellae) and is mechanically strong." [Wikipedia:Bone#Woven_or_lamellar]
comment: histological classification, lamellar vs woven. Note that only FMA has woven
xref: FMA:224806 ! Lamellar bone
xref: galen:LamellarBone
xref: MA:0002781 ! lamellar bone
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002484
name: bone marrow cavity
def: "the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity. Located in the main shaft (cortical bone) of a long bone (diaphysis) (consisting mostly of compact bone), the medullary cavity has walls composed of spongy bone (cancellous bone) and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane (endosteum)" [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_cavity]
comment: AO notes: not clear if the FMA intends to have two classes. MP:0000065: "the medullary cavities of the bones.". NCITA also has "medullary bone"
synonym: "marrow cavity" EXACT  [FMA:83698]
synonym: "cavity of cancellous bone" EXACT []
synonym: "medullary cavity" EXACT [FMA:83698]
xref: FMA:75147 ! Bone marrow cavity
xref: FMA:83698 ! medullary cavity
xref: MA:0002783 ! bone marrow cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7955 {source="doi:10.1177/0192623311409597"} ! Danio rerio

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002486
name: glottis
def: "The glottis is defined as the combination of the vocal folds and the space in between the folds. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Glottis]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:55414 ! Glottis
xref: MA:0002788 ! glottis
xref: ncithesaurus:Glottis ! Glottis
xref: BTO:0001627 ! glottis
xref: GAID:343 ! glottis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arytenoid_cartilage.png/200px-Arytenoid_cartilage.png
xref: MESH:A04.329.364 ! glottis
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
xref: AAO:0010610 ! glottis
xref: SCTID:264482000 ! Entire glottis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Arytenoid_cartilage.png
property_value: external_definition "A small, slit-like aperture lying longitudinally on the floor of the pharynx.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010610", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BMZ"}
xref: UMLS:C0017681

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002487
name: tooth cavity
def: "." [Wikipedia:Tooth_cavity]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cavitas dentis" EXACT []
synonym: "cavity of tooth" RELATED [MA:0002792]
synonym: "pulp cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "pulp cavity of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "tooth pulp cavity" RELATED [MA:0002792]
xref: FMA:55660 ! Cavity of tooth
xref: MA:0002792 ! tooth cavity
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.265 ! dental pulp cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002558 ! organ cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
synonym: "cavitas pulparis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:55660]
xref: SCTID:362105008 ! Entire cavity of tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002488
name: helix
def: "." [Wikipedia:Helix]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "helical part of pinna" EXACT []
synonym: "helix (auricula)" EXACT []
synonym: "helix of auricle of ear" EXACT []
synonym: "helix of ear" EXACT []
synonym: "helix of pinna" EXACT []
xref: FMA:60992 ! Helix
xref: MA:0002793 ! helix
xref: ncithesaurus:Helix ! Helix
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwRDEk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! helix
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 ! pinna
xref: SCTID:279607004 ! Entire helix of ear
xref: UMLS:C0229304

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010361
name: synostosis
def: "Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones are connected by bone. Examples: epiphyseal junction, manubriosternal synostosis." [FMA:7499]
synonym: "bony union" EXACT  [FMA:7499]
synonym: "junctura ossea" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0011134 {source="FMA"} ! nonsynovial joint
xref: ZFA:0005610 ! synostosis
xref: FMA:7499 ! synostosis
xref: SCTID:1216008 ! Synostosis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011161
name: spheno-occipital synchondrosis
def: "the cartilaginous junction between the basisphenoid and basioccipital bones of the mammalian skull that in humans is usually closed by the age of 25" [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/spheno-occipital%20synchondrosis]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001725  ! cranial synchondrosis
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006428 ! basisphenoid bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001692 ! basioccipital bone
xref: FMA:54818 ! spheno-occipital synchondrosis
xref: SCTID:140895003 ! Entire sphenooccipital synchondrosis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000969 ! joint connecting hardened body parts
name: obsolete joint connecting hardened body parts
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009198 ! craniofacial suture
name: craniofacial suture
comment: Editor notes: we follow GO in dividing sutures into cranial and facial and making a grouping class, but this is not consistent with FMA
def: "any suture between cranial and/or facial bones." [GO:0097094]
synonym: "joint of the skull bones" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulation of skull bones" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0002209 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! fibrous joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003685
name: cranial suture
def: "Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture." [ISBN:3110148986, Wikipedia:Suture_(joint), FMA:71385]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sutura" EXACT []
synonym: "suture" EXACT [FMA:71385]
synonym: "suture joint of skull" EXACT [SCTID:244509003]
synonym: "cranium suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "suture of cranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: GAID:211 ! cranial suture
xref: MA:0001475 ! cranial suture
xref: FMA:7493 ! Suture
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.200 ! cranial suture
is_a: UBERON:0009198 {source="GO"} ! craniofacial suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0002209 ! fibrous joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0002363 {source="PMID:16496288"} ! dura mater
xref: SCTID:244509003 ! Entire suture joint of skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009199 ! facial suture
name: facial suture
def: "any suture between facial bones." [GO:0097096]
is_a: UBERON:0009198 ! craniofacial suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0009198 ! craniofacial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003462 {cardinality="2"} ! facial bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0003462 {notes="between two adjacent facial bones"} ! facial bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011160 ! nasal suture
name: nasal suture
def: "a suture joining a nasal bone to another bone." []
intersection_of: UBERON:0009199 ! facial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001681 ! nasal bone
xref: SCTID:368992007 ! Entire nasal suture of skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009203
name: internasal suture
def: "a suture joining the nasal bones." [Wikipedia:Internasal_suture]
synonym: "internasal suture of skull" EXACT  [FMA:52959]
synonym: "inter-nasal suture" EXACT []
synonym: "sutura internasalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Internasal_suture]
synonym: "nasal suture" BROAD [GO:0097097]
is_a: UBERON:0011160 ! nasal suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0009199 ! facial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001681 {cardinality="2"} ! nasal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001681 {notes="between both nasal bones"} ! nasal bone
xref: FMA:52959 ! internasal suture
xref: SCTID:368990004 ! Entire internasal suture of skull
synonym: "sutura internasalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internasal_suture]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005404
name: frontonasal suture
def: "A suture between frontal and nasal bones" [GO:0097095, PMID:12416537]
synonym: "frontonasal suture of skull" EXACT [FMA:52948]
synonym: "articulation of the nasal bone with frontal bone" RELATED []
xref: FMA:52948 ! Frontonasal suture
xref: MA:0002973 ! frontonasal suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0009198 ! craniofacial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001681 ! nasal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
xref: SCTID:368982004 ! Entire frontonasal suture of skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002489
name: coronal suture
def: "The coronal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Coronal_suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coronal suture of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "fronto-parietal suture" EXACT [PMID:11784098]
synonym: "frontoparietal suture" EXACT [PMID:11784098]
xref: FMA:52928 ! Coronal suture
xref: MA:0002795 ! coronal suture
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2eGHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2eGHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! coronal suture
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gray188-Coronal_suture.png/200px-Gray188-Coronal_suture.png
xref: EMAPA:19225 ! coronal suture
is_a: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000210 ! tetrapod parietal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 ! vault of skull
xref: SCTID:244510008 ! Entire coronal suture of skull
synonym: "sutura coronalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coronal_suture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray188-Coronal_suture.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002490
name: frontal suture
def: "The frontal suture is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. It usually disappears by the age of six, with the two halves of the frontal bone being fused together. If it does not disappear it may be called a 'metopic suture' or 'sutura frontalis persistens. ' If the suture is not present at birth (craniosynostosis) it will cause a keel-shaped deformity of the skull called 'trigonocephaly. ' It is present in a fetal skull so that the skull can bend and is very elastic at the time of birth. The baby's head literally bends when coming out of the mother's womb. The space is filled as the child grows older. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Frontal_suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "frontal suture of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "metopic suture" RELATED [MA:0002796]
synonym: "sutura frontalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Frontal_suture]
xref: FMA:52989 ! Frontal suture
xref: MA:0002796 ! frontal suture
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gray134.png/200px-Gray134.png
xref: EMAPA:19226 ! metopic suture
is_a: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000209 {cardinality="2"} ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0000209 {notes="two halves of the frontal bone"} ! tetrapod frontal bone
synonym: "sutura metopica" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:52989]
xref: SCTID:136854008 ! Entire frontal suture of skull
synonym: "sutura frontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontal_suture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Frontal_suture.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002491
name: lambdoid suture
def: "The lambdoid suture (or lambdoidal suture) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone. Its name comes from its lambda-like shape. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lambdoid suture of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "lambdoidal suture" RELATED [MA:0002797]
synonym: "sutura lambdoidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture]
xref: FMA:52933 ! Lambdoid suture
xref: MA:0002797 ! lambdoid suture
xref: EMAPA:19227 ! lambdoidal suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000210 ! tetrapod parietal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 {source="HP"} ! vault of skull
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
xref: SCTID:361830007 ! Entire lambdoid suture of skull
synonym: "sutura lambdoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Gray188-Lambdoid_suture.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002492
name: sagittal suture
def: "The sagittal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. If certain bones of the skull grow too fast then 'premature closure' of the sutures may occur. This can result in skull deformities. If the sagittal suture closes early the skull becomes long, narrow, and wedge-shaped, a condition called 'scaphocephaly. ' Two anatomical landmarks are found on the sagittal suture: the bregma and the vertex of the skull. The bregma is formed by the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures, and the vertex is the highest point on the skull and is many times near the midpoint of the sagittal suture. The sagittal suture is also known as the 'interparietal suture' and the 'sutura interparietalis. ' The term is derived from the Latin word Sagitta, meaning 'arrow'. The derivation of this term may be demonstrated by observing how the sagittal suture is notched posteriorly, like an arrow, by the lambdoid suture. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sagittal_suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sagittal suture of skull" EXACT []
xref: FMA:52929 ! Sagittal suture
xref: MA:0002798 ! sagittal suture
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kort-lang-skalle.gif/200px-Kort-lang-skalle.gif
xref: EMAPA:19224 ! sagittal suture
is_a: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000210 {cardinality="2"} ! tetrapod parietal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0000210 {notes="both parietals"} ! tetrapod parietal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 ! vault of skull
xref: SCTID:244511007 ! Entire sagittal suture of skull
synonym: "sutura sagittalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sagittal_suture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Kort-lang-skalle.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002493
name: uterine artery
def: "The uterine artery is an artery in females that supplies blood to the uterus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Uterine_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:18829 ! Uterine artery
xref: MA:0002799 ! uterine artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gray1170.png/200px-Gray1170.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
xref: SCTID:244300003 ! Entire uterine artery
synonym: "arteria uterina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Uterine_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray1170.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000995 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! uterus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002494
name: papillary muscle
def: "In anatomy, the papillary muscles of the heart serve to limit the movements of the mitral and tricuspid valves. These muscles contract to tighten the chordae tendineae, which in turn prevent inversion. This occurs in response to pressure gradients. Instead they brace the valves against the high pressure, preventing regurgitation of ventricular blood back into the atrial cavities. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Papillary_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "papillary muscle of ventricle" EXACT [MA:0002800]
synonym: "ventricular papillary muscle" EXACT [MA:0002800]
synonym: "ventricule papillary muscle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:8655 ! papillary muscles
xref: FMA:12154 ! Papillary muscle
xref: VHOG:0001392 ! papillary muscle
xref: MA:0002800 ! papillary muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rDid0jLYYEduAAAACs2IKfQ
xref: ncithesaurus:Papillary_Muscle ! Papillary Muscle
xref: GAID:175 ! papillary muscle
xref: galen:PapillaryMuscle ! papillary muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rDid0jLYYEduAAAACs2IKfQ ! papillary muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Papillary_muscles.png/200px-Papillary_muscles.png
xref: MESH:A02.633.580.680 ! papillary muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: SCTID:279329009 ! Entire papillary muscle
synonym: "musculus papillaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Papillary_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Papillary_muscles.png
property_value: homology_notes "On the internal or parietal surface of the left ventricle in man and in mammals are two papillary muscles, which are almost identical and well developed.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001392", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00345.x", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0030352

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004523
name: papillary muscle of right ventricle
def: "A papillary muscle that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7259 ! Papillary muscle of right ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002494 ! papillary muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! part_of right ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0004544 ! right ventricle papillary muscles
xref: SCTID:244356004 ! Entire papillary muscles of right ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004524
name: papillary muscle of left ventricle
def: "A papillary muscle that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:9352 ! Papillary muscle of left ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002494 ! papillary muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! part_of left ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0001398 ! left ventricle papillary muscles
xref: SCTID:244347007 ! Entire papillary muscles of left ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002495
name: long bone
def: "Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO]." [VSAO:wd, Wikipedia:Long_bone]
comment: Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:7474 ! Long bone
xref: MA:0002802 ! long bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6axr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Long_Bone ! Long Bone
xref: galen:LongBone ! long bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6axr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! long bone
xref: BTO:0004256 ! long bone
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: SCTID:332709000 ! Entire long bone
xref: UMLS:C0222647

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002496
name: stapes base
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "base of stapes" RELATED [MA:0002804]
synonym: "footplate" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [FMA:52769]
synonym: "stapes footplate" RELATED [MA:0002804]
xref: FMA:52769 ! Base of stapes
xref: MA:0002804 ! stapes base
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001687 {source="MA"} ! stapes
xref: SCTID:279685009 ! Entire base of stapes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002497
name: acromion
def: "Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa." [VSAO:0005067, Wikipedia:Acromion]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "acromion of the scapula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Acromion]
synonym: "acromion process" EXACT [VSAO:0005067]
synonym: "scapular acromion" EXACT [VSAO:0005067]
xref: AAO:0000826 ! acromion
xref: FMA:23260 ! Acromion
xref: MA:0002805 ! acromion
xref: ncithesaurus:Acromion ! Acromion
xref: GAID:187 ! acromion
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmrF8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! acromion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gray206.png/200px-Gray206.png
xref: EMAPA:25119 ! acromion
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.783.261 ! acromion
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral limb scapula
xref: SCTID:181911000 ! Entire acromion
xref: VSAO:0005067 ! scapular acromion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Gray206.png
property_value: external_definition "Anterior rounded projection of the pars acromialis of the scapula.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000826", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of pars acromialis (AAO:0000752)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000826", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0001209

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002498
name: deltopectoral crest
def: "The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tuberositas deltoidea (corpus humeri)" EXACT []
synonym: "deltoid tuberosity" EXACT [FMA:23418]
synonym: "deltoid crest" EXACT [MP:0004353]
synonym: "deltoid eminence" EXACT [MP:0004353]
synonym: "deltoid impression" EXACT [MP:0004353]
synonym: "deltoid process" EXACT [MP:0004353]
synonym: "tuberositas deltoidea" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:23418]
synonym: "crista ventralis" EXACT [AAO:0000736]
synonym: "crista ventralis humeri" RELATED  [AAO:0000736]
synonym: "deltoid crest" RELATED  [AAO:0000736]
synonym: "deltoid tuberosity of humerus" EXACT [FMA:23418]
xref: FMA:23418 ! deltoid tuberosity of humerus
xref: MA:0002808 ! deltoid tuberosity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/HumerusFront.png/200px-HumerusFront.png
xref: EMAPA:25052 ! deltoid tuberosity
xref: AAO:0000736 ! crista ventralis
is_a: UBERON:0005813 ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004652 ! humerus diaphysis
synonym: "tuberositas deltoidea humeri" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/HumerusFront.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011187
name: greater tubercle of humerus
def: "The greater tubercle of the humerus is situated lateral to the head of the humerus and posteriolateral to the lesser tubercle. Its upper surface is rounded and marked by three flat impressions. the highest of these gives (\"superior facet\") insertion to the Supraspinatus the middle (\"middle facet\") to the Infraspinatus. the lowest one (\"inferior facet\"), and the body of the bone for about 2.5 cm. below it, to the Teres minor. The lateral surface of the greater tubercle is convex, rough, and continuous with the lateral surface of the body. Between the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle is the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)." [Wikipedia:Greater_tubercle]
synonym: "greater tubercle of the humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_tubercle]
synonym: "greater tuberosity" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_tubercle]
synonym: "greater tubercle" EXACT  [FMA:23390]
synonym: "greater tuberosity of humerus" EXACT  [FMA:23390]
synonym: "tuberculum majus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "tuberculum majus humeri" EXACT [Wikipedia:Greater_tubercle]
is_a: UBERON:0005813 {source="FMA"} ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004411 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of humerus
xref: FMA:23390 ! greater tubercle of humerus
xref: SCTID:181934009 ! Entire greater tuberosity of humerus
xref: ncithesaurus:Greater_Tuberosity ! greater tuberosity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray326.png
xref: UMLS:C1512275

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011188
name: lesser tubercle of humerus
def: "The lesser tubercle of the humerus, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medially and anteriorly. Above and in front it presents an impression for the insertion of the tendon of the Subscapularis." [Wikipedia:Lesser_tubercle]
synonym: "lesser tubercle of humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lesser_tubercle]
synonym: "lesser tubercle of the humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lesser_tubercle]
synonym: "lesser tubercle" EXACT  [FMA:23393]
synonym: "lesser tuberosity of humerus" EXACT  [FMA:23393]
synonym: "tuberculum minus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0005813 {source="FMA"} ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004411 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of humerus
xref: FMA:23393 ! lesser tubercle of humerus
xref: SCTID:181935005 ! Entire lesser tuberosity of humerus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lesser_Tuberosity ! lesser tuberosity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Tuberculumminushumeri.png
xref: UMLS:C0223687

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002499
name: cochlear labyrinth
def: "The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. It is named by analogy with the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur, because of its appearance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cochlear_labyrinth]
comment: Editor notes: we follow the FMA in placing this in the membranous labyrinth. Notes: The labyrinth can be divided by layer or by region. Bony vs. membranous / Vestibular vs. cochlear
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61259 ! Cochlear labyrinth
xref: MA:0002809 ! cochlear labyrinth
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Labyrinth ! Cochlear Labyrinth
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png
xref: BTO:0004686 ! cochlear labyrinth
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001849 {source="FMA"} ! membranous labyrinth
xref: UMLS:C0931689

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002501
name: oval window
def: "The oval window (or vestibular window) is a membrane-covered opening which leads from the middle ear to the vestibule of the inner ear. Vibrations that come into contact with the tympanic membrane travel through the three ossicles and into the inner ear. The oval window is the intersection of the middle ear with the inner ear, and is directly contacted by the stapes; by the time vibrations reach the oval window, they have been amplified over twenty times from what they were when they contacted the tympanic membrane, a testament to the amplifying power of the middle ear. It is a reniform (kidney-shaped) opening leading from the tympanic cavity into the vestibule of the internal ear; its long diameter is horizontal, and its convex border is upward. In the recent state it is occupied by the base of the stapes, the circumference of which is fixed by the annular ligament to the margin of the foramen. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Oval_window]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "oval window of petrous part of temporal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibular window" RELATED [MA:0002813]
xref: FMA:56913 ! Oval window
xref: MA:0002813 ! oval window
xref: GAID:882 ! oval window
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/200px-Gray911.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.551 ! oval window
is_a: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 ! petrous part of temporal bone
synonym: "fenestra vestibuli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oval_window]
synonym: "fenestra ovalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oval_window]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Gray911.png
xref: SCTID:362561009 ! Entire vestibular window

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002502
name: round window
def: "The round window is one of the two openings into the cochlea of the inner ear. It is closed off from the middle ear by the round window membrane, which vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations entering the cochlea through the oval window. It allows fluid in the cochlea to move, which in turn ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and that audition will occur. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Round_window]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cochlear window" RELATED [MA:0002814]
synonym: "round window of petrous part of temporal bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:56932 ! Round window
xref: MA:0002814 ! round window
xref: GAID:878 ! round window
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/200px-Gray911.png
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246.814 ! round window
is_a: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 ! petrous part of temporal bone
synonym: "fenestra cochleae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Round_window]
synonym: "fenestra rotunda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Round_window]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Gray911.png
xref: SCTID:279785002 ! Entire cochlear window

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000022
name: Zymbal's gland
def: "A modified sebaceous glands that are located at the base of the external ear and secrete into the auditory canal" [http://ctrgenpath.net/static/atlas/mousehistology/Windows/senses/zymbalgland.html]
comment: Structure notes: Zymbal’s glands are located beneath squamous epithelium at the anterior and posterior aspect of the ear canal, and as a single external gland that is located anterior and ventral to the base of the external ear canal. The bilateral Zymbal’s glands are adjacent to the auditory canal and are made up of several lobules of modified sebaceous glands - http://ratguide.com/health/neoplasia/zymbals_gland_tumor.php. Editor notes: modified sebacious gland or subtype?
synonym: "Zymbal gland" RELATED  [MA:0002900]
synonym: "gland of Zymbal" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0001821 {source="MA"} ! sebaceous gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 {source="cjm"} ! external ear
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9989 ! Rodenti
xref: MA:0002900 ! zymbal gland
xref: SCTID:105587007 ! Zymbal's gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Zymbal_Gland
xref: UMLS:C0687056

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012102 ! buccal salivary gland
name: buccal salivary gland
is_a: UBERON:0001830 {source="FMA"} ! minor salivary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 {source="FMA"} ! mouth
xref: FMA:59793 ! buccal salivary gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010241
name: molar gland
comment: a variety of mammals have salivary glands variously terms upper molar/buccal gland - this class groups all of these
intersection_of: UBERON:0001830 ! minor salivary gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001567 ! cheek
xref: FMA:59794 ! molar salivary gland
synonym: "molar salivary gland" EXACT [FMA:59794]
xref: SCTID:59637006 ! Molar gland
def: "A minor salivary gland that is part of a cheek." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010240
name: zygomatic gland
def: "a salivary gland best developed in carnivores; located above the zygomatic arch and below the eye. Enlargement or mucocele of the gland causes exophthalmos" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/zygomatic+gland]
synonym: "orbital gland" RELATED []
synonym: "upper molar gland" RELATED []
synonym: "superior buccal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "superior buccal salivary gland" RELATED []
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomatic_Gland ! Zygomatic Gland
is_a: UBERON:0012102 ! buccal salivary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001567 ! cheek
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:33554 ! Carnivora
xref: UMLS:C2700338

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010242
name: anterior buccal gland
synonym: "anterior buccal salivary gland" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0012102 ! buccal salivary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001567 ! cheek
xref: MA:0002700 ! anterior buccal gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000980
name: trochanter
def: "bony prominences near the upper extremity of the femur; there are two in human (greater and lesser trochanters) and three in many other mammalian species (greater, lesser and third); these normally serve as attachment points for hip and thigh muscles[MP]" [Wikipedia:Trochanter]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "femoral trochanter" EXACT [AAO:0000897]
synonym: "trochanter of femur" EXACT []
xref: FMA:82513 ! Trochanter
xref: MA:0002821 ! trochanter
xref: AAO:0000897 ! femoral trochanter
xref: ncithesaurus:Trochanter ! Trochanter
xref: SCTID:182047004 ! Trochanter of femur
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 {source="MA"} ! femur
property_value: external_definition "Process on the ventral surface of the shaft of the femur.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000897", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0162370

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002503
name: greater trochanter
def: "The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system. It is directed a little lateralward and backward, and, in the adult, is about 1 cm lower than the head. Because the pelvic outlet in the female is larger than in the male, there is a greater distance between the greater trochanters in the female. It has two surfaces and four borders. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Greater_trochanter]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "greater trochanter of femur" EXACT []
synonym: "great trochanter" EXACT []
xref: FMA:32852 ! Greater trochanter
xref: galen:GreaterTrochanter
xref: MA:0002822 ! greater trochanter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray243.png/200px-Gray243.png
is_a: UBERON:0000980 ! trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of femur
xref: SCTID:182050001 ! Entire greater trochanter of femur
xref: ncithesaurus:Great_Trochanter ! great trochanter
synonym: "trochanter major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Greater_trochanter]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray243.png
xref: UMLS:C0223865

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002504
name: lesser trochanter
def: "The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lesser_trochanter]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lesser trochanter of femur" EXACT []
xref: FMA:32853 ! Lesser trochanter
xref: galen:LesserTrochanter
xref: MA:0002823 ! lesser trochanter
xref: ncithesaurus:Lesser_Trochanter ! Lesser Trochanter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray341.png/200px-Gray341.png
is_a: UBERON:0000980 ! trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of femur
xref: SCTID:182051002 ! Entire lesser trochanter of femur
synonym: "trochanter minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lesser_trochanter]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray341.png
xref: UMLS:C0223866

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008786
name: third trochanter
def: "The upper part of the gluteal tuberosity is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed." [Wikipedia:Third_trochanter]
is_a: UBERON:0000980 {source="Wikipedia"} ! trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of femur
xref: FMA:75824 ! third trochanter
synonym: "trochanter tertius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Third_trochanter]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Third_trochanter-tweaked.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008787
name: fourth trochanter
def: "a knob-like feature on the medial side of the femur that serves as a muscle attachment." [Wikipedia:Fourth_trochanter]
comment: The fourth trochanter first appeared in the Erythrosuchidae, large basal archosaurian predators of the early Triassic period. This seemingly insignificant detail may have made the evolution of dinosaurs possible (all early dinosaurs and many later ones were bipeds), and may also be connected with the ability of the archosaurs or their immediate ancestors to survive the catastrophic Permian-Triassic extinction event[WP].
is_a: UBERON:0000980 {source="Wikipedia"} ! trochanter
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8492 ! Archosauria

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002505
name: spiral modiolar artery
def: "the artery which parallels the spiral ganglion in the root of the spiral lamina of the modiolus, serving the ganglion and the cochlear duct and its contents." [MP:0004629]
xref: FMA:52312 ! Spiral modiolar artery
xref: MA:0002824 ! spiral modiolar artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:149380004 ! Entire spiral modiolar artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007625
name: pigment epithelium of eye
def: "epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules." [MP:0005200]
synonym: "eye pigment epithelium" RELATED  [MESH:A09.371.670]
xref: MESH:A09.371.670 ! pigment epithelium of eye
xref: GAID:907 ! pigment epithelium of eye
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000970 ! eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002506
name: iris epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium pigmentosum (iris)" EXACT []
synonym: "iris pigmented epithelium" RELATED [MA:0002826]
synonym: "pigmented epithelium of iris" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial tissue of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium pigmentosum (iris)" EXACT  [FMA:58517]
synonym: "iris epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:58517]
synonym: "pigmented epithelium of iris" EXACT  [FMA:58517]
xref: FMA:58517 ! Epithelium of iris
xref: MA:0002826 ! iris epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000488 {source="FMA"} ! atypical epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001769 {source="MA"} ! iris
relationship: has_part GO:0048770 {source="MP"} ! pigment granule
synonym: "epithelium pigmentosum iridis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:58517]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001778
name: ciliary epithelium
def: "A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor." [Wikipedia:Ciliary_body#Ciliary_epithelium]
synonym: "ocular ciliary epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "epithelium of ciliary body" EXACT  [FMA:58464]
synonym: "ciliary body epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:58464]
xref: FMA:58464 ! Epithelium of ciliary body
xref: MA:0001238 ! ciliary epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Epithelium ! Ciliary Epithelium
xref: BTO:0001770 ! ciliary epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000488 {source="FMA"} ! atypical epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001775 ! ciliary body
relationship: has_part GO:0048770 {source="MP"} ! pigment granule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001775 {source="MA"} ! ciliary body
relationship: secretes UBERON:0001796 {source="Wikipedia"} ! aqueous humor of eyeball
xref: SCTID:280870004 ! Entire ciliary epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0459736

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002507
name: abdominal lymph node
def: "A lymph node that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph node of abdomen" EXACT []
synonym: "abdomen lymph node" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:12787 ! Abdominal lymph node
xref: MA:0002827 ! abdominal lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
intersection_of: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: SCTID:245342005 ! Entire abdominal lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002508
name: celiac lymph node
def: "The visceral glands are associated with the branches of the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Those related to the branches of the celiac artery (the celiac lymph nodes) form three sets, gastric, hepatic, and pancreaticolienal. gastric lymph nodes, hepatic lymph nodes, splenic lymph nodes [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Celiac_lymph_node]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "celiac node" EXACT []
synonym: "coeliac node" EXACT []
synonym: "nodus lymphaticus coeliacus" EXACT []
synonym: "terminal ventral aortic node" EXACT []
xref: FMA:12792 ! Celiac lymph node
xref: MA:0002828 ! celiac lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Celiac_Lymph_Node ! Celiac Lymph Node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gray613.png/200px-Gray613.png
is_a: UBERON:0002507 ! abdominal lymph node
xref: SCTID:245343000 ! Entire celiac lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0229766

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002509
name: mesenteric lymph node
def: "the lymph nodes located in the mesentery, of which there are 3 classes: ileocolic, juxtaintestinal mesenteric, and central superior group." [MP:0005232]
synonym: "mesenteric node" EXACT []
synonym: "nodi lymphoidei mesenterici" RELATED [BTO:0000767]
xref: BTO:0000767
xref: FMA:12795 ! Mesenteric lymph node
xref: MA:0002829 ! mesenteric lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0002507 ! abdominal lymph node
intersection_of: UBERON:0002507 ! abdominal lymph node
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesenteric_Lymph_Node ! Mesenteric Lymph Node
xref: UMLS:C0229792

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002510
name: anterior fontanel
def: "In humans, the anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during birth to ease its passage through the birth canal and for expansion of the brain after birth. While the posterior and lateral fontanelles are obliterated by about six months after birth, the anterior is not completely closed until about the middle of the second year. Full ossification starts in the late twenties and finishes before the age of 50 . [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_fontanelle]
comment: AO notes TAO:0001739 anterior cranial fontanel is 'Fontanel that is located between the contralateral frontals and anterior to the epiphyseal bar'
synonym: "anterior fontanelle" EXACT [FMA:75439]
synonym: "bregmatic fontanelle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_fontanelle]
synonym: "frontal fontanelle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_fontanelle]
synonym: "fonticulus anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_fontanelle]
xref: FMA:75439 ! Anterior fontanelle
xref: MA:0002830 ! anterior fontanel
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray197.png/200px-Gray197.png
xref: EMAPA:19199 ! anterior fontanelle
xref: SCTID:244680006 ! Entire anterior fontanel of skull
intersection_of: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002489 ! coronal suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002490 ! frontal suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002492 ! sagittal suture
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray197.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002512
name: corpus luteum
def: "a transient endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory or atretic follicles and secretes progesterone; it is thought to be related to egg retention[PMID]." [Wikipedia:Corpus_luteum, PMID:20959416]
comment: Taxon notes: maintains the endometrium in mammals[WP]. A corpus luteum is known in hagfish (100), Squalus (101), and salamander (100) but not lamprey (102). There are no data for Branchiostoma and Ciona, and given that they are multiple spawners, there is no a priori reason to conclude that they lack a corpus luteum[PMID:20959416]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "corpora lutea" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "corpus luteum of ovary" EXACT []
synonym: "luteal gland" RELATED [BTO:0000292]
xref: BTO:0000292
xref: FMA:18619 ! Corpus luteum
xref: MA:0002834 ! corpus luteum
xref: ncithesaurus:Corpus_Luteum ! Corpus Luteum
xref: GAID:369 ! corpus luteum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Folliclesinovary.jpg/200px-Folliclesinovary.jpg
xref: EMAPA:29886 ! corpus luteum
xref: MESH:A05.360.319.114.630.278 ! corpus luteum
is_a: UBERON:0002368 {source="PMID:20959416"} ! endocrine gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 {source="MA"} ! endocrine system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000992 {source="MA"} ! female gonad
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: capable_of GO:0042701 ! progesterone secretion
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:71164 {source="PMID:20959416"} ! hagfish
xref: SCTID:257943001 ! Entire corpus luteum of ovary
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Folliclesinovary.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0010092

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010362
name: endoskeleton
def: "Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000037, Wikipedia:Endoskeleton]
synonym: "replacement skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010912 {source="VSAO"} ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0010522 ! replacement element
xref: VSAO:0000037 ! endoskeleton
xref: XAO:0004026 ! endoskeleton
property_value: external_definition "An endoskeleton is an internal support structure of an animal, composed of mineralized tissue. Endoskeleton develops within the skin or in the deeper body tissues. The vertebrate is basically an endoskeleton made up of two types of tissues (bone and cartilage). During early embryonic development the endoskeleton is composed of notochord and cartilage. The notochord in most vertebrates is replaced by vertebral column and cartilage is replaced by bone in most adults. In three phyla and one subclass of animals, endoskeletons of various complexity are found: Chordata, Echinodermata, Porifera, and Coleoidea. An endoskeleton may function purely for support (as in the case of sponges), but often serves as an attachment site for muscle and a mechanism for transmitting muscular forces. A true endoskeleton is derived from mesodermal tissue. Such a skeleton is present in echinoderms and chordates. The poriferan 'skeleton' consists of microscopic calcareous or siliceous spicules or a spongin network. The Coleoidae do not have a true endoskeleton in the evolutionary sense; here, a mollusk exoskeleton evolved into several sorts of internal structure, the \"cuttlebone\" of cuttlefish being the best-known version. Yet they do have cartilaginous tissue in their body, even if it is not mineralized, especially in the head, where it forms a primitive cranium. The endoskeleton gives shape,support and protection to the body and provides a mean of locomotion.[Wikipedia:Endoskeleton]t" xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Endoskeleton"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010522
name: replacement element
def: "Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue." [VSAO:0000135]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010362 {source="cjm"} ! endoskeleton
xref: VSAO:0000135 ! replacement element
xref: XAO:0004016 ! replacement element
xref: ZFA:0005624 ! replacement element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010363
name: endochondral element
def: "A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification." [VSAO:0000139]
synonym: "endochondral replacement element" EXACT  [VSAO:0000139]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
xref: VSAO:0000139 ! endochondral element
xref: ZFA:0005620 ! endochondral element
xref: XAO:0004017  ! endochondral element
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000009" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012075
name: replacement bone
def: "Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue." [ZFA:0001628]
comment: This class was introduced to be consistent with the ZFA hierarchy. The corresponding TAO term was obsoleted, and never introduced into VSAO. Note that VSAO does have replacement element.
synonym: "replacement bones" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001628]
xref: ZFA:0001628 ! replacement bone
xref: AAO:0010768 ! replacement bone
xref: TAO:0001637 ! replacement bone
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="ZFA"} ! bone element
is_a: UBERON:0010522 {source="ZFA"} ! replacement element
property_value: external_definition "Bone that forms as a replacement of another structural tissue.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001637", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008911
name: chondral bone
def: "Replacement bone that forms within or surrounding a cartilaginous skeletal element." [zfin:curator]
comment: This class was introduced to be consistent with the ZFA hierarchy. The term was never introduced into VSAO. 
is_a: UBERON:0012075 {source="ZFA"} ! replacement bone
xref: ZFA:0001693 ! chondral bone
xref: AAO:0010774 ! chondral bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008909
name: perichordal bone
def: "Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord." [VSAO:0000307]
comment: Editor notes: We go with the latest VSAO in making this a subtype of bone, and add a logical definition based on the textual definition in VSAO. We also include the subtyping under 'replacement bone', for consistency with ZFA
is_a: UBERON:0012075 {source="ZFA", notes="not in VSAO"} ! replacement bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002328 ! notochord
synonym: "perichordal bones" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001629]
synonym: "perichordal bone" RELATED [ZFA:0001629]
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008913 ! perichondral bone
xref: TAO:0001639 ! perichordal bone
xref: AAO:0010777 ! perichordal bone
xref: ZFA:0001629 ! perichordal bone
xref: VSAO:0000307 ! perichordal bone
property_value: external_definition "Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding the notochord.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001639", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008913 ! perichondral bone
name: perichondral bone
def: "Bone element that is located on the surface of a cartilage element." [VSAO:0000308]
comment: include the subtyping under 'replacement bone', for consistency with ZFA, but VSAO does not include this intermediate class
synonym: "perichondral bones" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001630]
synonym: "perichondral bone" RELATED [ZFA:0001630]
xref: TAO:0001638 ! perichondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007842 {source="VSAO"} ! membrane bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002222 {source="ZFA"} ! perichondrium
relationship: participates_in GO:0036073 {source="VSAO"} ! perichondral ossification
xref: ZFA:0001630 ! perichondral bone
xref: AAO:0010779 ! perichondral bone
xref: VSAO:0000308 ! perichondral bone
property_value: external_definition "Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding cartilage.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001638", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004763
name: endochondral bone tissue
def: "Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[VSAO, modified]." [Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification, GO:0001958, VSAO:0000145]
comment: The text and logical definition of this term was modified from the definition of 'endochondral bone' in ZFA. AO notes: note the distinction between endochondral bone and endochondral bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: MA:0002836 ! endochondral bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: output_of GO:0001958 ! endochondral ossification
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004764 ! intramembranous bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004764
name: intramembranous bone tissue
def: "Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]." [Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification, GO:0001957]
comment: note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type (it is under bone tissue and connective tissue; there are no child classes)
xref: MA:0002837 ! intramembranous bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: output_of GO:0001957 ! intramembranous ossification
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009859
name: endosteum
def: "a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones" [Wikipedia:Endosteum]
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0011825 ! loose connective tissue
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002484 ! bone marrow cavity
xref: FMA:32692 ! endosteum
xref: SCTID:57487002 ! Endosteum
xref: ncithesaurus:Endosteum ! Endosteum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "endosteal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0222658

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002515
name: periosteum
def: "Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones. Periosteum consists of dense irregular connective tissue. Periosteum is divided into an outer 'fibrous layer' and inner 'cambium layer' (or 'osteogenic layer'). The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the cambium layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts are responsible for increasing the width of a long bone and the overall size of the other bone types. After a bone fracture the progenitor cells develop into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, which are essential to the healing process. As opposed to osseous tissue, periosteum has nociceptors nerve endings, making it very sensitive to manipulation. It also provides nourishment by providing the blood supply. Periosteum is attached to bone by strong collagenous fibers called Sharpey's fibres, which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae. It also provides an attachment for muscles and tendons. Periosteum that covers the outer surface of the bones of the skull is known as 'pericranium'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Periosteum]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0001022
xref: FMA:24041 ! Periosteum
xref: MA:0002838 ! periosteum
xref: ncithesaurus:Periosteum ! Periosteum
xref: GAID:925 ! periosteum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bone_growth.png/200px-Bone_growth.png
xref: MESH:A10.165.265.746 ! periosteum
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0011822 ! dense irregular connective tissue
xref: galen:PeriOsteum
xref: SCTID:33840008 ! Periosteum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Bone_growth.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "periosteal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0031110

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000312
name: inner cambium layer of periosteum
synonym: "cambium" EXACT []
synonym: "cambial layer" EXACT [FMA:234358]
synonym: "cambium layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234358]
synonym: "osteogenic layer of periosteum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Periosteum]
synonym: "inner cambial layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234358]
synonym: "cambial layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234358]
synonym: "internal layer of periosteum" EXACT []
synonym: "internal periosteum" EXACT []
xref: FMA:234358 ! Cambial layer of periosteum
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002515 {source="FMA"} ! periosteum
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0011824 ! fibrous connective tissue
relationship: has_part CL:0000375 {source="Wikipedia"} ! osteoprogenitor cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009858 ! outer fibrous layer of periosteum
name: outer fibrous layer of periosteum
synonym: "fibrous layer of periosteum" EXACT  [FMA:234354]
synonym: "outer fibrous layer of periosteum" EXACT  [FMA:234354]
synonym: "capsular layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234354]
synonym: "external layer of periosteum" EXACT []
synonym: "external periosteum" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002515 {source="FMA"} ! periosteum
relationship: has_part CL:0000057 {source="Wikipedia"} ! fibroblast
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0011822 ! dense irregular connective tissue
xref: FMA:234354 ! capsular layer of periosteum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008956
name: involucrum
def: "a layer of new bone growth outside existing bone seen in pyogenic osteomyelitis. It results from the stripping off of the periosteum by the accumulation of pus within the bone, and new bone growing from the periosteum." [Wikipedia:Involucrum]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 {source="Wikipedia"} ! bone element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008957
name: sequestrum
def: "a piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal/sound bone.." [Wikipedia:Sequestrum]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 {source="Wikipedia"} ! bone element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008958
name: cetacean involucrum
synonym: "whale involucrum" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 {source="Wikipedia:Evolution_of_cetaceans"} ! bone element
relationship: capable_of GO:0050910 ! detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 ! Cetacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004129
name: growth plate cartilage
def: "cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow." [GO:0003417]
synonym: "growth plate" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: site_of GO:0030282 ! bone mineralization

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002516 ! epiphyseal plate
name: epiphyseal plate
def: "a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line." [Wikipedia:Epiphyseal_plate]
comment: editor note: consider splitting this class into the epiphyseal plates of long bones and vertebrae
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "epiphyseal cartilage" RELATED []
synonym: "epiphyseal growth plate cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "epiphyseal growth plate" EXACT []
synonym: "growth plate" RELATED [MA:0002839]
synonym: "long bone epiphyseal plate" EXACT [MA:0002839]
synonym: "epiphysial plate" EXACT [FMA:75427]
synonym: "cartilago epiphysialis" RELATED [BTO:0000412]
synonym: "epiphyseal disk" RELATED [BTO:0000412]
synonym: "epiphyseal growth disk" RELATED [BTO:0000412]
synonym: "physis" RELATED [BTO:0000412]
xref: FMA:75427 ! Epiphysial plate
xref: MA:0002839 ! long bone  epiphyseal plate
xref: BTO:0000412 ! epiphyseal growth plate
xref: GAID:191 ! growth plate
xref: EMAPA:25059 ! epiphyseal plate of digit 1 of fore-paw
xref: EMAPA:25062 ! epiphyseal plate of digit 2 of fore-paw
xref: EMAPA:25065 ! epiphyseal plate of digit 3 of fore-paw
xref: EMAPA:25068 ! epiphyseal plate of digit 4 of fore-paw
xref: EMAPA:25071 ! epiphyseal plate of digit 5 of fore-paw
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.251.352 ! growth plate
is_a: UBERON:0001994 ! hyaline cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
xref: SCTID:84349008 ! Epiphyseal plate
synonym: "lamina epiphysialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Epiphyseal_plate]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Tib_fib_growth_plates.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006768
name: epiphyseal line
synonym: "epiphysial junction" EXACT [FMA:9918]
synonym: "line of bony union" EXACT [FMA:9918]
xref: FMA:9918 ! epiphysial junction
is_a: UBERON:0010361 {source="FMA"} ! synostosis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002516 ! epiphyseal plate
xref: SCTID:333108008 ! Entire epiphyseal line

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006771
name: long bone epiphyseal plate proliferative zone
def: "germinal layer of the epiphyseal plate where cells are actively dividing as well as producing extracellular matrix[MP]." [MP:0003662]
comment: In this zone, chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis, forming distinctive looking stacks[WP]
synonym: "epiphyseal plate proliferative zone" EXACT []
synonym: "zone of proliferation" RELATED [MA:0002976]
xref: MA:0002976 ! long bone epiphyseal plate proliferative zone
is_a: UBERON:0006775 ! zone of epiphyseal plate
relationship: site_of GO:0070278 ! extracellular matrix constituent secretion
relationship: site_of GO:0008283 ! cell proliferation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006772
name: long bone epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone
def: "the layer of the epiphyseal plate of a long bone where chondrocytes mature and enlarge[MP]." [MP:0000165, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3442184&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: note that there is also MA:0002849 ! hypertrophic cartilage zone
synonym: "epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone" EXACT []
synonym: "maturation zone" RELATED [MA:0002977]
synonym: "zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes" RELATED [MA:0002977]
synonym: "hypertrophic chondrocyte zone" RELATED [MP:0000165]
synonym: "long bone hypertrophic chondrocyte zone" RELATED [MP:0000165]
xref: MA:0002977 ! long bone epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone
is_a: UBERON:0006775 ! zone of epiphyseal plate
relationship: site_of GO:0003415 ! chondrocyte hypertrophy
relationship: site_of GO:0002063 ! chondrocyte development

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006773
name: long bone epiphyseal plate ossification zone
def: "layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited[MP]." [MP:0006399]
synonym: "epiphyseal plate ossification zone" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0006775 ! zone of epiphyseal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006775 ! zone of epiphyseal plate
name: zone of epiphyseal plate
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002516 ! epiphyseal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002520
name: submandibular lymph node
def: "The submandibular lymph nodes (submaxillary glands in older texts), three to six in number, are placed beneath the body of the mandible in the submaxillary triangle, and rest on the superficial surface of the submaxillary salivary gland. One gland, the middle gland of Stahr, which lies on the external maxillary artery as it turns over the mandible, is the most constant of the series; small lymph glands are sometimes found on the deep surface of the submaxillary salivary glands. The afferents of the submaxillary glands drain the medial palpebral commissure, the cheek, the side of the nose, the upper lip, the lateral part of the lower lip, the gums, and the anterior part of the margin of the tongue. Efferent vessels from the facial and submental glands also enter the submaxillary glands. Their efferent vessels pass to the superior deep cervical glands. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Submandibular_lymph_node]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "level ib neck node" EXACT []
synonym: "submandibular node" EXACT []
synonym: "nodi lymphoidei submandibulares" RELATED [BTO:0000769]
xref: BTO:0000769
xref: FMA:61224 ! Submandibular lymph node
xref: MA:0002843 ! submandibular lymph node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Illu_quiz_hn_03.jpg/200px-Illu_quiz_hn_03.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0003968 {source="CL:tm"} ! peripheral lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Submandibular_Lymph_Node ! Submandibular Lymph Node
xref: SCTID:245319003 ! Entire submandibular lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0229722

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002521
name: elastic tissue
def: "Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan. Elastic tissue is classified as 'connective tissue proper'. The elastic fiber is formed from the elastic microfibril and amorphous elastin. The microfibril scaffolds and organizes the deposition of amorphous elastin. Amorphous elastin forms from monomers of soluble tropoelastin which is insolubilized and crosslinked into amorphous elastin by lysyl oxidase. Lysyl oxidase reacts with specific lysine residues and by oxidative deamination generates reactive aldehydes and allysine. These reactive aldehydes and allysines can react with lysine and other allysine residues to crosslink and form desmosine, isodesmosine, and a number of other polyfunctional crosslinks that join surrounding elastin molecules to build an elastin matrix and elastic fiber. These unique crosslinks are responsible for elastin's elasticity. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Elastic_fiber]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "elastic connective tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:20113 ! Elastic tissue
xref: MA:0002853 ! elastic tissue
xref: GAID:926 ! elastic tissue
xref: MESH:A10.165.400 ! elastic tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
xref: SCTID:27197004 ! Elastic tissue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Gray377.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001252
name: adventitia of ureter
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "external adventitia of ureter" EXACT []
synonym: "ureter adventitia" EXACT []
synonym: "ureteral adventitia" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15892 ! Adventitia of ureter
xref: MA:0002652 ! ureter adventitia
xref: EMAPA:28114 ! adventitia of ureter
intersection_of: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
xref: SCTID:392273001 ! Entire adventitia of ureter
xref: SCTID:47879001 ! Adventitia of ureter
def: "An adventitia that is part of a ureter." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009916 {source="reference_0000032"} ! wall of ureter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004797
name: blood vessel layer
xref: MA:0002854 ! blood vessel layer
intersection_of: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
def: "An organ component layer that is part of a blood vessel." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004237
alt_id: UBERON:0010508
name: blood vessel smooth muscle
def: "smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels." [Wikipedia:Vascular_smooth_muscle]
comment: Function notes: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension.
synonym: "blood vessel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular smooth muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "vascular smooth muscle" EXACT [ZFA:0005321]
xref: MA:0000710 ! blood vessel smooth muscle
xref: BTO:0001431 ! vascular smooth muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.570.491 ! muscle smooth vascular
xref: ZFA:0005321 ! vascular smooth muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Vascular_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
xref: TAO:0005321 ! vascular smooth muscle
xref: UMLS:C1519956
xref: CALOHA:TS-1107 ! Vascular smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media
name: tunica media
def: "The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tunica_media]
comment: todo - check BTO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tunica media vasorum" RELATED [BTO:0002011]
xref: FMA:55590 ! Tunica media
xref: MA:0002855 ! tunica media
xref: ncithesaurus:Tunica_Media ! Tunica Media
xref: GAID:170 ! tunica media
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg/200px-Illu_artery.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.633.570.491.800 ! tunica media
xref: BTO:0002011 ! tunica media vasorum
is_a: UBERON:0004797 {source="MA"} ! blood vessel layer
is_a: UBERON:0004237 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! vascular smooth muscle
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0005734 ! tunica adventitia of blood vessel
xref: SCTID:61695000 ! Tunica media vasorum
synonym: "tunica media vasorum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tunica_media]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0162867

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002523 ! tunica intima
name: tunica intima
def: "The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]." [Wikipedia:Tunica_intima, ISBN10:0073040584]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tunica intima vasorum" RELATED [BTO:0002012]
xref: FMA:55589 ! Tunica intima
xref: MA:0002861 ! tunica intima
xref: ncithesaurus:Tunica_Intima ! Tunica Intima
xref: GAID:523 ! tunica intima
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg/200px-Illu_artery.jpg
xref: MESH:A07.231.330.800 ! tunica intima
xref: BTO:0002012 ! tunica intima vasorum
is_a: UBERON:0004797 {source="MA"} ! blood vessel layer
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0002522 {notes="check for exceptions, e.g. capillaries"} ! tunica media
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0010161 {source="Kardong"} ! lumen of blood vessel
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
xref: SCTID:8361002 ! Tunica intima
xref: SCTID:87483006 ! Tunica intima of vessel
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia]" xsd:string {ontology="Wikipedia", source="Wikipedia:Tunica_intima"}
xref: UMLS:C0162864


[Term]
id: UBERON:0005734 ! tunica adventitia of blood vessel
name: tunica adventitia of blood vessel
def: "The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]
comment: TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings
synonym: "tunica adventitia" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]
synonym: "adventitia externa" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]
synonym: "external coat" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]
synonym: "tunica adventitia of vessel" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]
is_a: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
is_a: UBERON:0004797 {source="cjm"} ! blood vessel layer
xref: ncithesaurus:Tunica_Adventitia ! Tunica Adventitia
xref: SCTID:61066005 ! Tunica adventitia of vessel
synonym: "tunica adventitia vasorum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]
synonym: "tunica externa vasorum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29"}
xref: UMLS:C0225342

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
name: adventitia
def: "An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]." [Wikipedia:Adventitia]
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "tunica externa" NARROW [FMA:45635]
synonym: "tunica advetitia" NARROW [Wikipedia:Adventitia]
xref: FMA:45635 ! Adventitia
xref: SCTID:30180000 ! Tunica adventitia
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Illu_esophageal_layers.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006860 ! swim bladder
name: swim bladder
alt_id: UBERON:0008980
def: "A thin membranous, sometimes alveolated sac in the dorsal portion of the abdominal cavity. Contains a varying mixture of gases, not identical to the composition of air. May be one, two or three chambered. May be connected to the gut by a tube, the ductus pneumaticus (then called physostomous) or unconnected (then called physoclistous). May function as one or more of:- hydrostatic organ, sound producing organ, sound receptor, respiratory organ. Found in Actinopterygii. Often lacking in bottom fishes." [http://www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/S.htm]
synonym: "gas bladder" EXACT [ZFA:0000076, http://www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/S.htm]
xref: TAO:0000076 ! swim bladder
xref: ZFA:0000076 ! swim bladder
xref: BTO:0001607 ! swim bladder
xref: EFO:0003483 ! swim bladder
xref: SCTID:64748009 ! Gas bladder
xref: BTO:0002148 ! gas bladder
xref: VHOG:0000310 !  lung - swim bladder (also: UBERON:0002048 'lung')
is_a: UBERON:0000489 ! cavitated compound organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006859 ! swim bladder bud
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7898 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Actinopterygii
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Cavitated compound organ that is double-chambered, located in the coelom and used to maintain buoyancy and may function as an acoustic resonator.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000076", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "air bladder" RELATED [TAO:0000076]
synonym: "swimbladder" EXACT [TAO:0000076]
property_value: homology_notes "Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000310", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210\, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024019 Zheng W\, Wang Z\, Collins JE\, Andrews RM\, Stemple D\, Gong Z\, Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung. PLoS One (2011)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005737
name: swim bladder tunica externa
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is the external layer of the swim bladder that is covered by the peritoneum, and made of elastic fibres and ichthyocol (short needles of collagen)." [http:www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/T.htm, ZFA:0001700]
comment: the primary reason this term is manifest in uberon to disambiguate from a structure with the same/similar name
synonym: "tunica externa" RELATED SENSU [ZFA:0001700]
xref: TAO:0002245 ! tunica externa
xref: ZFA:0001700 ! tunica externa
is_a: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005734 ! tunica adventitia of blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006860 ! swim bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005738
name: swim bladder tunica interna
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is the internal layer of the swim bladder and is comprised of thin endoderm and a smooth muscle layer called the muscularis mucosa with longitudinal and circular fibres with some collagen." [http:www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/T.htm]
comment: the primary reason this term is manifest in uberon to disambiguate from a structure with the same/similar name
synonym: "tunica interna" EXACT [ZFA:0001701]
xref: TAO:0002246 ! tunica interna
xref: ZFA:0001701 ! tunica interna
is_a: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002523 ! tunica intima
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006860 ! swim bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002524 ! mediastinal lymph node
name: mediastinal lymph node
def: "A lymph node that is part of a mediastinum. Each consists of several lymph node groups, especially along the trachea (5 groups), along the esophagus and between the lung and the diaphragm. In the mediastinal lymph nodes arises lymphatic ducts, which draines the lymph to the left subclavian vein (to the venous angle in the confluence of the subclavian and deep jugular veins). The mediastinal lymph nodes along the esophagus are in tight connection with the abdominal lymph nodes along the esophagus and the stomach. That fact facilitates spreading of tumors cells through these lymphatics in cases of cancers of the stomach and particularly of the esophagus. Through the mediastinum, the main lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs goes via the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), which drains majority of the lymph from the abdomen to the above mentioned left venous angle." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Lymph_nodes_of_the_thorax]
synonym: "mediastinal node" EXACT []
xref: FMA:12774 ! Mediastinal lymph node
xref: MA:0002877 ! mediastinal lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Mediastinal_Lymph_Node ! Mediastinal Lymph Node
xref: EFO:0001670 ! mediastinal lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0007644 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic lymph node
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003728 ! mediastinum
xref: SCTID:181760002 ! Entire mediastinal lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0588055

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002525
name: brachial lymph node
def: "the lymph nodes located along the brachial vein that receive drainage from most of the free upper limb and send efferent vessels to the central axillary lymph nodes." [MP:0005231, Wikipedia:Brachial_lymph_nodes]
xref: FMA:44314 ! Brachial lymph node
xref: MA:0002878 ! brachial lymph node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gray607.png/200px-Gray607.png
is_a: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Brachial_Lymph_Node ! brachial lymph node
synonym: "nodi lymphoidei brachiales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachial_lymph_nodes]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Gray607.png
xref: UMLS:C0229840

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002526
name: lumbar lymph node
xref: FMA:84599 ! Lumbar lymph node
xref: MA:0002879 ! lumbar lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0002507 ! abdominal lymph node
xref: SCTID:281412000 ! Entire lumbar lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002527
name: pancreatic lymph node
def: "A lymph node that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pancreatic node" EXACT []
synonym: "pyloric lymph node" RELATED [MA:0002881]
synonym: "lymph node of pancreas" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pancreas lymph node" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:16626 ! Pancreatic lymph node
xref: MA:0002881 ! pancreatic lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0002507 ! abdominal lymph node
intersection_of: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001264 ! pancreas
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Lymph_Node ! Pancreatic Lymph Node
xref: SCTID:276170003 ! Entire pancreatic lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0229783

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002528
name: sacral lymph node
synonym: "sacral node" EXACT []
xref: FMA:16655 ! Sacral lymph node
xref: MA:0002883 ! sacral lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacral_Lymph_Node ! Sacral Lymph Node
xref: SCTID:279797001 ! Entire sacral lymph node
xref: UMLS:C0229827

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010538 ! limb/fin segment
name: limb/fin segment
intersection_of: UBERON:0010758 ! appendage segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
def: "An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002529
name: limb segment
def: "A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: note FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z
synonym: "extremity part" RELATED []
synonym: "limb region" EXACT []
synonym: "region of limb" EXACT []
synonym: "segment of limb" EXACT []
synonym: "subdivision of limb" EXACT []
synonym: "free limb segment" EXACT [FMA:241863]
xref: FMA:241863 ! free limb segment
xref: MA:0002889 ! limb segment
xref: ncithesaurus:Extremity_Part ! extremity part
intersection_of: UBERON:0010758 ! appendage segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: existence_starts_during UBERON:0000068 ! embryo stage
relationship: existence_ends_during UBERON:0000066 ! fully formed stage
xref: UMLS:C1268195

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008784
name: lower limb segment
synonym: "free lower limb subdivision" EXACT  [FMA:24877]
synonym: "segment of free lower limb" EXACT  [FMA:24877]
synonym: "subdivision of free lower limb" EXACT  [FMA:24877]
synonym: "free lower limb segment" EXACT [FMA:24877]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: FMA:24877 ! free lower limb segment
def: "A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008785
name: upper limb segment
synonym: "free upper limb subdivision" EXACT  [FMA:24876]
synonym: "segment of free upper limb" EXACT  [FMA:24876]
synonym: "subdivision of free upper limb" EXACT  [FMA:24876]
synonym: "free upper limb segment" EXACT [FMA:24876]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
xref: FMA:24876 ! free upper limb segment
def: "A limb segment that is part of a forelimb." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002530
name: gland
alt_id: UBERON:MIAA_0000021
def: "A gland is an organ in an animal's body that synthesizes a substance for release such as hormones or breast milk, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland). A gland is an organ specialised for secretion[GO]." [Wikipedia:Gland]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Druese" RELATED [BTO:0000522]
synonym: "glandula" RELATED [BTO:0000522]
xref: AAO:0000212 ! glands
xref: BTO:0000522
xref: EFO:0000797 ! gland
xref: EHDAA:2161 ! gland
xref: EHDAA:4475 ! gland (also: UBERON:0003296 'gland of diencephalon')
xref: EHDAA:6522 ! gland (also: UBERON:0003297 'gland of integumental system')
xref: galen:Gland
xref: HAO:0000375 ! gland
xref: MAT:0000021 ! gland
xref: MIAA:0000021 ! gland
xref: FMA:86294 ! Gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Gland ! Gland
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3vyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gland
xref: EHDAA2:0003096 ! gland
xref: AEO:0000096 ! gland
xref: EMAPA:18425 ! gland of organ system
xref: WikipediaCategory:Glands
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: capable_of GO:0046903 ! secretion
relationship: secretes UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
xref: SCTID:134358001 ! Gland
xref: FBbt:00100317 ! gland
synonym: "glandula" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray1026.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "glandular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C1285092

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006799 ! glandular epithelium
name: glandular epithelium
def: "Epithelium composed of secretory cells." [Online_Medical_Dictionary:http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/]
comment: Editor notes: consider splitting epithelium from epithelial tissue
xref: BTO:0002991 ! glandular epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000150 ! glandular epithelial cell
relationship: secretes UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
xref: ncithesaurus:Glandular_Epithelium ! Glandular Epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Glandular_Epithelial_Tissue ! Glandular Epithelial Tissue
xref: UMLS:C1708242
xref: UMLS:C0682578

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011952 ! non-glandular epithelium
name: non-glandular epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006799 ! glandular epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006929
name: glandular columnar epithelium
def: "Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA]" [FMA:64800]
xref: FMA:64800 ! glandular columnar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
relationship: has_part CL:0000150 ! glandular epithelial cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Columnar_Epithelium ! columnar epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0225337

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010498
name: pseudostratified columnar epithelium
def: "A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pseudostratified+epithelium, Wikipedia:Pseudostratified_columnar_epithelium]
comment: AO notes: glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous. Function notes: Pseudostratified epithelia function in secretion or absorption. If a specimen looks stratified but has cilia, then it is a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, since stratified epithelia do not have cilia.
is_a: UBERON:0000485 {source="FMA"} ! simple columnar epithelium
xref: FMA:45572 ! pseudostratified columnar epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Epithelium ! pseudostratified columnar epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Epithelium ! pseudostratified epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0836138
xref: UMLS:C1514590

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010499
name: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
def: "Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile." [NCIT:NCIT]
synonym: "epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi)" EXACT  [FMA:13146]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010498 ! pseudostratified columnar epithelium
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000067 ! ciliated epithelial cell
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010501 ! pseudostratified smooth columnar epithelium
xref: FMA:13146 ! pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Pseudostratified_Columnar_Ciliated_Epithelium ! pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0506992

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010501
name: pseudostratified smooth columnar epithelium
synonym: "non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010498 {source="FMA"} ! pseudostratified columnar epithelium
xref: FMA:72059 ! pseudostratified smooth columnar epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006930
name: glandular cuboidal epithelium
xref: FMA:66809 ! glandular cuboidal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000484 ! simple cuboidal epithelium
relationship: has_part CL:0000150 ! glandular epithelial cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005732 ! limb/fin field
name: limb/fin field
def: "A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]." [ISBN:9780878932504]
comment: Editor notes: we represent the field as being a part of the LPM (consistent with ZFA, Gilbert). As a consequence, the relationship between limb bud (with is ectoderm+mesenchyme) stands in a weaker has_developmental_contribution_from relation to the field - TODO implement this.
synonym: "limb/fin field of lateral plate mesoderm" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
intersection_of: developmentally_contributes_to UBERON:0004357 ! limb/fin bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 {source="ZFA-inferred", source="ISBN:9780878932504"} ! lateral plate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005729
name: pectoral appendage field
synonym: "pectoral fin field" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0001453]
synonym: "pectoral appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0001453 ! pectoral fin field
intersection_of: UBERON:0005732 ! limb/fin field
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003413 ! pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0001453 ! pectoral fin field
property_value: external_definition "Embryonic region that develops into the pectoral fin bud.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001453", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A limb/fin field that develops_into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005730
name: pelvic appendage field
synonym: "pelvic fin field" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0001454]
synonym: "pelvic appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0001454 ! pelvic fin field
intersection_of: UBERON:0005732 ! limb/fin field
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003412 ! pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0001454 ! pelvic fin field
property_value: external_definition "Embryonic region that develops into the pelvic fin bud.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001454", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A limb/fin field that develops_into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005731 ! fin field
name: fin field
synonym: "fin field of lateral plate mesoderm" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0005732 ! limb/fin field
intersection_of: developmentally_contributes_to UBERON:0002531 ! fin bud
def: "A limb/fin field that developmentally_contributes_to a paired fin bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005733 ! limb field
name: limb field
def: "A ring of cells capable of forming a limb." [ISBN:9780878932504]
synonym: "limb field of lateral plate mesoderm" EXACT []
comment: the central portion of the limb field gives rise to the limb proper. mesenchyme cells proliferate from from the somatic layer of limb field lateral plate mesoderm (limb skeletal precursors) and from the somites (limb muscle precursors) . these mesenchymal cells accumulate under the ectedermal tissue to make a limb bud. // The lateral plate mesoderm in the limb field is also special in that it will induce myoblasts to migrate out from the somites and enter the limb bud. No other region of the lateral plate mesoderm will do that (Hayashi and Ozawa 1995)
intersection_of: UBERON:0005732 ! limb/fin field
intersection_of: developmentally_contributes_to UBERON:0004347 ! limb bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004357 ! limb/fin bud
name: limb/fin bud
def: "An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]." [MP:0005650, UBERON:cjm, ISBN:9780878932504]
comment: Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056]
synonym: "paired appendage bud" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0001258 ! limb/fin bud
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: has_part UBERON:0004356 ! apical ectodermal ridge
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005732 ! limb/fin field
synonym: "limb - fin bud" EXACT [VHOG:0001258]
property_value: homology_notes "The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001258", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/jez.1100 Wagner GP\, Chiu C\, The tetrapod limb: A hypothesis on its origin. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005419 ! pectoral appendage bud
name: pectoral appendage bud
def: "A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pectoral fin bud' class, but we may in future
xref: ZFA:0000141 ! pectoral fin bud
xref: VHOG:0001754 ! forelimb - pectoral fin bud
xref: VHOG_RETIRED:0001259 ! pectoral appendage bud
xref: EFO:0003430 ! pectoral fin bud
intersection_of: UBERON:0004357 ! limb/fin bud
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0004710 ! pectoral appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000153 ! anterior region of body
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005729 ! pectoral appendage field
xref: TAO:0000141 ! pectoral fin bud
property_value: external_definition "Fin bud that develops into the pectoral fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000141", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "forelimb - pectoral fin bud" EXACT [VHOG:0001754]
synonym: "pectoral fin bud" RELATED [TAO:0000141]
synonym: "pectoral fin buds" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000141]
property_value: homology_notes "While the skeletons of teleost pectoral fins and tetrapod forelimbs are homologous at the level of endoskeletal radials, teleosts and tetrapods do not share homologous skeletal elements at the level of 'individuated' pro-, meso-, and metapterygia. Among osteichthyans, only basal actinopterygians retain the full complement of elements present in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001754", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/jmor.10264 Davis MC\, Shubin NH\, Force A\, Pectoral fin and girdle development in the basal actinopterygians Polyodon spathula and Acipenser transmontanus. Journal of Morphology (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005420 ! pelvic appendage bud
name: pelvic appendage bud
def: "A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pelvic fin bud' class, but we may in future
synonym: "hindlimb/pelvic fin bud" EXACT [VHOG:0001260]
xref: VHOG:0001260 ! hindlimb/pelvic fin bud
xref: ZFA:0001384 ! pelvic fin bud
xref: EFO:0003469 ! pelvic fin bud
intersection_of: UBERON:0004357 ! limb/fin bud
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0004709 ! pelvic appendage
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000154 ! posterior region of body
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005730 ! pelvic appendage field
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:31033 {source="PMID:15893975"} ! Takifugu rubripes
xref: TAO:0001384 ! pelvic fin bud
property_value: external_definition "Fin bud that develops into the pelvic fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001384", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "pelvic fin bud" RELATED [TAO:0001384]
property_value: homology_notes "Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001260", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P\, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002531
name: paired fin bud
def: "An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]." [MP:0005650, UBERON:cjm, ISBN:9780878932504]
synonym: "fin bud" EXACT [ZFA:0001383]
xref: MAT:0000062 ! fin bud
xref: MIAA:0000062 ! fin bud
xref: TAO:0001383 ! fin bud
xref: ZFA:0001383 ! fin bud
xref: EFO:0003468 ! fin bud
xref: VSAO:0000179 ! fin bud
intersection_of: UBERON:0004357 ! limb/fin bud
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002534 ! paired fin
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005731 ! fin field
property_value: external_definition "Embryonic surface structure that develops into a paired fin.[ZFA]" xsd:string {ontology="ZFA", external_class="ZFA:0001383", date_retrieved="2012-08-31", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "fin buds" EXACT PLURAL [VSAO:0000179]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004347
name: limb bud
def: "An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]." [MP:0005650, UBERON:cjm, ISBN:9780878932504, Wikipedia:Limb_bud]
comment: induced_by Fgf10, capable of initiating limb forming interactions between endoderm and mesoderm
synonym: "limb buds" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "limbbud" EXACT [GO:0060174]
xref: ncithesaurus:Limb_Bud ! Limb Bud
xref: BTO:0001640 ! limb bud
xref: GAID:1307 ! limb bud 
xref: XAO:0003161  ! limb bud
xref: MESH:A16.254.462 ! limb bud
xref: AAO:0010375 ! limb bud
is_a: UBERON:0004357 ! limb/fin bud
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002101 ! limb
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0003081 {source="ISBN:9780878932504"} ! lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005733 ! limb field
synonym: "gemmae membrorum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Limb_bud]
property_value: external_definition "Early outgrowth of presumptive limb.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010375", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: UMLS:C0282505

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012300
name: limb paddle
def: "A transient developing limb structure that develops from the limb bud; it is a dorsoventral flattening of the limb bud structure and develops into the foot plate" [MP:0011685]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004347 ! limb bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005417
name: forelimb bud
def: "A limb bud that develops into a forelimb." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing bud" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
comment: Genes: Tbx5 specifies forelimbs. Wnt2b restricts Fgf10 in chick // In tetrapods, the position of the forelimb is associated with the anterior expression border of Hoxc6 in the paraxial mesoderm (Burke et al., 1995)
synonym: "upper limb bud" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003198]
synonym: "limb bud - forelimb" EXACT [MIAA:0000065]
synonym: "arm bud" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0003065 ! forelimb bud
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003198 ! upper limb bud
xref: EHDAA:1699 ! upper limb bud
xref: EMAPA:16406 ! forelimb bud
xref: MIAA:0000065 ! limb bud - forelimb
xref: XAO:0003065 ! forelimb bud
xref: BTO:0001645 ! wing bud
intersection_of: UBERON:0004347 ! limb bud
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000153 ! anterior region of body
xref: AAO:0010381 ! forelimb bud
xref: SCTID:346062002 ! anterior limb bud
synonym: "anterior limb bud" EXACT [SCTID:346062002]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005418
name: hindlimb bud
def: "A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Genes: Tbx4 specifies hindlimbs. Wnt8c restricts Fgf10 in chick.
synonym: "hind limb bud" EXACT [XAO:0003066]
synonym: "leg bud" RELATED []
synonym: "limb bud - hindlimb" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0003066 ! hind limb bud
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003197 ! lower limb bud
xref: EHDAA:2358 ! lower limb bud
xref: EMAPA:16779 ! hindlimb bud
xref: MIAA:0000256 ! limb bud - hindlimb
intersection_of: UBERON:0004347 ! limb bud
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000154 ! posterior region of body
xref: AAO:0010382 ! hind limb bud
xref: SCTID:346164003 ! posterior limb bud
synonym: "posterior limb bud" EXACT [SCTID:346164003]
property_value: external_definition "The bilateral thickening of the ectoderm in the region of the first noticeable at NF stage 47, and innervated by NF stage 51. The hind limb buds develop before the forelimb buds.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010382", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003371
name: pelvic appendage bud ectoderm
alt_id: UBERON:0005232
synonym: "leg ectoderm" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic fin bud ectoderm" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "hindlimb bud ectoderm" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "lower limb bud ectoderm" NARROW SENSU [EHDAA2:0001034]
synonym: "hindlimb ectoderm" NARROW SENSU [VHOG:0001048]
synonym: "hindlimb ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0001048]
xref: EMAPA:17254 ! ectoderm of leg of hindlimb bud
xref: VHOG:0001048 ! hindlimb ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001034 ! lower limb bud ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0005420 ! pelvic appendage bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005420 ! pelvic appendage bud
def: "An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pelvic appendage bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003372
name: pectoral appendage bud ectoderm
alt_id: UBERON:0005663
alt_id: UBERON:0005231
synonym: "pectoral fin bud ectoderm" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "forelimb bud ectoderm" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "arm ectoderm" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper limb bud ectoderm" NARROW SENSU [EHDAA2:0002134]
synonym: "forelimb ectoderm" NARROW SENSU [VHOG:0001047]
synonym: "wing ectoderm" NARROW SENSU [Geisha:syn, NCBITaxon:8782]
xref: EMAPA:17243 ! ectoderm of arm of forelimb bud
xref: EHDAA2:0002134 ! upper limb bud ectoderm
xref: VHOG:0001047 ! forelimb ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0005419 ! pectoral appendage bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005419 ! pectoral appendage bud
def: "An unilaminar epithelium that surrounds a pectoral appendage bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004356 ! apical ectodermal ridge
name: apical ectodermal ridge
def: "multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. " [MP:0001676, Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge]
comment: Usage notes: note that media, dorsal fins etc have AERs. Taxon/development notes: The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold[PMID:20574421]. Function notes: maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop
synonym: "AER" RELATED [MP:0001676]
xref: ZFA:0001702 ! apical ectodermal ridge
xref: AAO:0010760 ! apical ectodermal ridge
xref: XAO:0004121 ! apical ectodermal ridge
xref: EMAPA:32744 ! apical ectodermal ridge
xref: ncithesaurus:Apical_Ectodermal_Ridge ! Apical Ectodermal Ridge
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004357 ! limb/fin bud
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: capable_of GO:0010464 ! regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
relationship: capable_of GO:0061037 ! negative regulation of cartilage development
relationship: secretes PR:000007499 ! fibroblast growth factor 8
xref: TAO:0002146 ! apical ectodermal ridge
synonym: "crista ectodermalis apicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Limbbuddiagram.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010760", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002146", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002146", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
xref: UMLS:C1516037

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005421
name: pectoral appendage apical ectodermal ridge
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud" NARROW [ZFA:0000085]
synonym: "upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge" NARROW [EHDAA2:0000138]
synonym: "apical ectodermal ridge forelimb" NARROW [VHOG:0001064]
synonym: "AER forelimb" NARROW [VHOG:0001064]
synonym: "wing AER" NARROW SENSU [Giesha:syn]
synonym: "wing apical ectodermal ridge" NARROW SENSU []
xref: VHOG:0001064 ! apical ectodermal ridge forelimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000138 ! upper limb bud apical ectodermal ridge
xref: ZFA:0000085 ! apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud
xref: EMAPA:16778 ! apical ectodermal ridge of ectoderm of forelimb bud
xref: EFO:0003487 ! apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud
intersection_of: UBERON:0004356 ! apical ectodermal ridge
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005419 ! pectoral appendage bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm
xref: TAO:0000085 ! apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin bud
xref: TAO:0000736 ! apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin
property_value: external_definition "Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000085", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "aer pectoral fin" RELATED [TAO:0000085]
synonym: "apical ectodermal ridge pectoral fin" RELATED [TAO:0000085]
synonym: "apical fold pectoral fin" RELATED [TAO:0000085]
property_value: external_definition "An ectodermal thickening at the end of the forelimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001064", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apical+ectodermal+ridge", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001064", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1440-169X.2007.00942.x", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pectoral appendage bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005422 ! pelvic appendage apical ectodermal ridge
name: pelvic appendage apical ectodermal ridge
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lower lmb bud apical ectodermal ridge" NARROW [EHDAA2:0003194]
synonym: "apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb" NARROW [VHOG:0001066]
synonym: "AER hindlimb" RELATED [VHOG:0001066]
synonym: "leg AER" RELATED []
xref: VHOG:0001066 ! apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb
xref: EHDAA2:0003194 ! lower limb bud apical ectodermal ridge
xref: ZFA:0001385 ! apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud
xref: EMAPA:16892 ! apical ectodermal ridge of ectoderm of hindlimb bud
intersection_of: UBERON:0004356 ! apical ectodermal ridge
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005420 ! pelvic appendage bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003371 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic appendage bud ectoderm
xref: TAO:0001385 ! apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud
property_value: external_definition "Apical ectodermal ridge that is part of the pelvic fin bud.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001385", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZIFIN:curator"}
synonym: "apical ectodermal ridge hind limb" NARROW [VHOG:0001066]
synonym: "apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud" RELATED [TAO:0001385]
property_value: external_definition "An ectodermal thickening at the end of the hindlimb bud in the developing embryo. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001066", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apical+ectodermal+ridge", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Pectoral and pelvic fins are homologous to the tetrapod fore and hindlimb, respectively. (...) The zebrafish AER [apical ectodermal ridge] is an apical ectodermal thickening at the distal tip of the fin bud and consists of wedge-shaped cells of the basal stratum. The AER is observed only transiently, and from 36 hpf onwards the cells of this region form the apical fold (AF), which consists of a dorsal and a ventral layer of cylindrically-shaped ectodermal cells extending from the anterior to the posterior fin margin. Despite the change in shape, the AF still carries out the same functions as the AER. Indeed, although the AER receives its name from its characteristic shape, being composed of a pseudostratified ectoderm in the chicken and a polystratified ectoderm in the mouse, this independence of AER morphology from its function is also observed in tetrapods. The AF also expresses similar molecular markers to the tetrapod AER, suggesting that it fulfills similar functions in the fin as the AER does in tetrapod limbs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001066", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1440-169X.2007.00942.x", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: EFO:0003681 ! apical ectodermal ridge pelvic fin bud
def: "An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a pelvic appendage bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010328
name: limb bud mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004347 ! limb bud
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a limb bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010329
name: limb/fin bud mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010377 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! mesenchyme from somatopleure
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004357 ! limb/fin bud
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003412
name: pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme
synonym: "leg mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower limb bud mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001035]
synonym: "mesoderm pelvic fin bud" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0001386]
synonym: "pelvic fin bud mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "lower limb bud mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001035]
xref: EMAPA:17255 ! mesenchyme of leg of hindlimb bud
xref: EHDAA2:0001035 ! lower limb bud mesenchyme
xref: ZFA:0001386 ! mesoderm pelvic fin bud
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005420 ! pelvic appendage bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005730 ! pelvic appendage field
xref: TAO:0001386 ! mesoderm pelvic fin bud
property_value: external_definition "Mesoderm part of pelvic fin bud.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001386", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003413
name: pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme
alt_id: UBERON:0005703
synonym: "arm mesenchyme" NARROW [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing mesenchyme" NARROW [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper limb bud mesenchyme" NARROW [EHDAA2:0002135]
synonym: "mesoderm pectoral fin bud" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0000789]
synonym: "pectoral fin bud mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "upper limb bud mesenchyme" NARROW [EHDAA2:0002135]
xref: EMAPA:17244 ! mesenchyme of arm of forelimb bud
xref: EHDAA2:0002135 ! upper limb bud mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:1703 ! mesenchyme of upper limb bud
xref: ZFA:0000789 ! mesoderm pectoral fin bud
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005419 ! pectoral appendage bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005729 ! pectoral appendage field
xref: TAO:0000789 ! mesoderm pectoral fin bud
property_value: external_definition "Mesoderm that is part of the pectoral fin bud.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000789", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005414
name: zone of polarizing activity
def: "an area of mesenchyme that contains signals which instruct the developing limb or fin bud to form along the anterior/posterior axis[WP,cjm]." [Wikipedia:Zone_of_polarizing_activity]
comment: WP definition generalized to cover limb/fin
synonym: "ZPA" EXACT [ZFA:0001451]
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010329 ! limb/fin bud mesenchyme
xref: AAO:0010763 ! zone of polarizing activity
synonym: "zona activitatis polarisantis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zone_of_polarizing_activity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Limbbuddiagram.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Morphologically indistinct signaling region found in the posterior portion of the limb bud. Associated with anterior-posterior patterning of the digits.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010763", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005415
name: zone of polarizing activity of pectoral appendage
xref: ZFA:0001451 ! zone of polarizing activity pectoral fin bud
synonym: "anterior ZPA" EXACT []
synonym: "fore ZPA" EXACT []
synonym: "pectoral ZPA" EXACT []
synonym: "zone of polarizing activity pectoral fin bud" NARROW [ZFA:0001451]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005414 ! zone of polarizing activity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003413 ! pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0001451 ! zone of polarizing activity pectoral fin bud
property_value: external_definition "A small group of mesodermal cells located at the posterior margin of the developing fin bud. the ZPA is thought to produce retinoic acid and thereby provides positional information to the developing bud. Gibert et al., 2006.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001451", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A zone of polarizing activity that is part of a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005416
name: zone of polarizing activity of pelvic appendage
xref: ZFA:0001452 ! zone of polarizing activity pelvic fin bud
synonym: "posterior ZPA" EXACT []
synonym: "hind ZPA" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvic ZPA" EXACT []
synonym: "zone of polarizing activity pelvic fin bud" NARROW [ZFA:0001452]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005414 ! zone of polarizing activity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003412 ! pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0001452 ! zone of polarizing activity pelvic fin bud
property_value: external_definition "A small group of mesodermal cells located at the posterior margin of the developing fin bud. The ZPA is thought to produce retinoic acid and thereby provides positional information to the developing bud. Gibert et al., 2006.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001452", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A zone of polarizing activity that is part of a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002533 ! tail bud
name: tail bud
def: "The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node." [BTO:0001445]
comment: Editor notes: See notes from UBERONREF:0000002
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tailbud" EXACT []
synonym: "tail bud mesenchyme " RELATED [ZFA:0000077]
synonym: "end bud" RELATED [BTO:0001445]
xref: EHDAA:1595 ! tail bud
xref: VHOG:0000201 ! tail bud
xref: MAT:0000070 ! tail bud
xref: MIAA:0000070 ! tail bud
xref: TAO:0000077 ! tail bud
xref: XAO:0000107 ! tail bud
xref: ZFA:0000077 ! tail bud
xref: BTO:0001445 ! tail bud
xref: EFO:0002748 ! tail bud
xref: EHDAA2:0001976 ! tail bud
xref: EMAPA:16580 ! tail bud
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: AAO:0011104 ! tail bud
property_value: external_definition "Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011104", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0815318960", source="OMD:tail+bud"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (5) a larva or embryo with a postanal tail.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000201", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010162
name: tail tip
synonym: "end of tail" RELATED  [MA:0002848]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="XAO"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007812 {source="MA"} ! post-anal tail
xref: MA:0002848 ! tail tip
xref: XAO:0004057 ! tail tip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009741
name: tailbud stage
def: "Any of the developmental stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20 to stage 44 (feeding), including the beginning of hatching (NF stage 35/36)." [ISBN:0815318960]
is_a: UBERON:0000068 {source="XAO"} ! embryo stage
xref: XAO:1000007 ! tailbud stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008897 ! fin
name: fin
def: "An external projection of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body[BTO]." [BTO:0004649, Wikipedia:Fin]
comment: This class groups together various structures that may have arisen through convergent evolution, including, for example, the dorsal fin of a cetacean
xref: EFO:0000875 ! fin
xref: MAT:0000087 ! fin
xref: MIAA:0000087 ! fin
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjcBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000108 ! fin
xref: XAO:0000002 ! fin
xref: ZFA:0000108 ! fin
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjcBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! fin
xref: BTO:0004649 ! fin
xref: AAO:0010374 ! fin
xref: MESH:A13.077 ! animal fins
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: confers_advantage_in ENVO:00000144 ! aquatic habitat
xref: SCTID:73003005 ! Fin
xref: AEO:0001004 ! fin
xref: VSAO:0000099  ! fin
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure involved in locomotion.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000108", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure involved in locomotion.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000099", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002534 ! paired fin
name: paired fin
def: "Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism." [TAO:wd]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pelvic/pectoral fin" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
is_a: UBERON:0008897 {source="ZFA"} ! fin
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002531 {source="ZFA"} ! fin bud
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda
xref: ZFA:0005596 ! paired fin
xref: TAO:0002278 ! paired fin
xref: VSAO:0000111 ! paired fin
synonym: "nageoire paire@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000111]
synonym: "artioptcérygie@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000111]
synonym: "nageoire paire@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000111]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002535 ! gill
name: gill
def: "Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians." [Wikipedia:Gill]
subset: functional_classification
xref: MESH:A13.421 ! gill
comment: this term potentially applicable across multiple metazoa - see also the subclass 'pharyngeal arch derived gill'
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011150 ! pharyngeal arch derived gill
name: pharyngeal arch derived gill
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "branchia" RELATED [BTO:0000518]
xref: BTO:0000518
xref: GAID:1218 ! gill
xref: VHOG:0001214 ! gill
xref: MAT:0000134 ! gill
xref: MIAA:0000134 ! gill
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9dZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000354 ! gill
xref: XAO:0000120 ! external gill (also: UBERON:0008891 'external gill')
xref: ZFA:0000354 ! gill
xref: EFO:0000933 ! gill
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9dZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gill
xref: AAO:0010171 ! gill
is_a: UBERON:0002535 ! gill
relationship: site_of GO:0055074 ! calcium ion homeostasis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008894 {source="XAO"} ! gill precursor
xref: ncithesaurus:Gill ! gill
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure consisting of a series of membranes which allow dissolved oxygen from the water to pass into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to pass out of the bloodstream.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010171", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
synonym: "gills" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0001214]
property_value: external_definition "The respiratory organ of most aquatic animals that breathe water to obtain oxygen, consisting of a filamentous structure of vascular membranes across which dissolved gases are exchanged. [Free_Online_Dictionary]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001214", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gill", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Gill slits in the pharyngeal region of the intestine, which are also present in (at least) tunicates and acranians, are taken over to the craniote ancestor.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001214", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.209", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0017558

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000205
name: papula
def: "A thin protuberance on the surface of the body of an echinoderm containing diverticula of the water vascular system lined by ciliated peritoneum. Along with tube feet, provide the principle gas exchange surfaces.." [ISBN:0030229073]
synonym: "papulli" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "papulae" EXACT PLURAL [ISBN:0030229073]
is_a: UBERON:0002535 ! gill
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7586 ! Echinodermata
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-04-18T01:13:57Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008891
name: external gill
def: "External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes[BTO]." [BTO:0004689, Wikipedia:External_gills]
xref: XAO:0000120 ! gill (also: UBERON:0011150 'pharyngeal arch derived gill')
xref: BTO:0004689 ! external gill
is_a: UBERON:0003102 {source="XAO"} ! surface structure
is_a: UBERON:0002535 {source="BTO"} ! gill
xref: AAO:0010174 ! external gill
property_value: external_definition "External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes. Instead, the respiratory organs are set on a frill of stalks protruding from the sides of an animals head. This type of gill is most commonly observed on the aquatic larva of most species of salamanders, lungfish, and bichirs (which have only one large pair), and are retained by neotenic adult salamanders and some species of adult lungfish. They are present on non-transforming salamander species such as the mudpuppy, as well as most members of the Proteidae and Sirenidae families, which naturally never metamorphose into an air-breathing form. The embryos of frogs and caecilians also develop external gills at some point in their development, though these are either resorbed before or disappear shortly after hatching. Fossils of the distant relatives of modern amphibians, such as Branchiosaurus and Apateon, also show evidence of external gills. The external gills commonly consist of a single stalk (rami) protruding from a gill arch behind the head of the animal, above an associated gill slit. The stalk usually contains muscle tissue, and may be moved by the animal as a free appendage, in order to stir up stagnant water. The stalk is lined by many thinly walled filaments (fimbriae), containing the majority of blood vessels used in gas exchange. Animals usually have one external gill originating on each gill arch (except the hyoid), which leads to there being three pairs of external gills in salamanders, and four in the gilled larvae of lungfish[Wikipedia:External_gills]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:External_gills"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008892
name: internal gill
is_a: UBERON:0002535 {source="AAO"} ! gill
xref: AAO:0010176 ! internal gill

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008894
name: gill precursor
def: "A primordium or bud that develops into a gill." []
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="XAO"} ! primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003114 {source="XAO"} ! pharyngeal arch 3
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003115 {source="XAO"} ! pharyngeal arch 4
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004117 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal pouch
synonym: "internal gill bud" EXACT [ZFA:0001107]
synonym: "gill primordium" EXACT [XAO:0000448]
xref: XAO:0000448 ! gill primordium
xref: ZFA:0001107 ! internal gill bud
xref: TAO:0001107 ! internal gill bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002536
name: arthropod sensillum
def: "Sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organised unit with a largely bona-fide boundary.[FBbt]" [FBbt:00007152, Wikipedia:Sensillum]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sensillum" EXACT [FBbt:00007152, HAO:0000933]
xref: BTO:0001237
xref: FBbt:00007152 ! sensillum
xref: HAO:0000933 ! sensillum
xref: MAT:0000163 ! sensillum
xref: MIAA:0000163 ! sensillum
xref: EFO:0000939 ! sensillum
xref: TGMA:0000540 ! sensillum
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007197 ! hermaphroditic organism
name: hermaphroditic organism
def: "Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes." [CARO:MAH]
synonym: "dioecious organism" RELATED [BILA:0000029]
synonym: "hermaphrodite" RELATED [WBbt:0007849]
xref: CARO:0000029
xref: BILA:0000029 ! hermaphroditic organism
xref: HAO:0000029 ! hermaphroditic organism
xref: TADS:0000601 ! hermaphroditic organism
xref: WBbt:0007849 ! hermaphrodite
is_a: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: AAO:0010035 ! hermaphroditic organism

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010895
name: sequential hermaphroditic organism
def: "Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex." [CARO:0000045]
synonym: "consecutive hermaphroditic organism" RELATED  [CARO:0000045]
is_a: UBERON:0007197 {source="CARO"} ! hermaphroditic organism
xref: CARO:0000045 ! sequential hermaphroditic organism
xref: AAO:0010037 ! sequential hermaphroditic organism
xref: BILA:0000045 ! sequential hermaphroditic organism
xref: HAO:0000045 ! sequential hermaphroditic organism
xref: TADS:0000608 ! sequential hermaphroditic organism

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010899
name: synchronous hermaphroditic organism
def: "Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time." [CARO:0000046]
synonym: "serially hermaphroditic organism" RELATED  [CARO:0000046]
synonym: "simultaneous hermaphroditic organism" RELATED  [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0007197 {source="CARO"} ! hermaphroditic organism
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0000473 ! testis
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
xref: CARO:0000046 ! synchronous hermaphroditic organism
xref: AAO:0010046 ! synchronous hermaphroditic organism
xref: BILA:0000046 ! synchronous hermaphroditic organism
xref: HAO:0000046 ! synchronous hermaphroditic organism
xref: TADS:0000609 ! synchronous hermaphroditic organism

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007198
name: hermaphrodite anatomical structure
alt_id: AEO:0000177
def: "An anatomical structure present only in hermaphrodites." [JB:DEF]
synonym: "hermaphrodite-specific" RELATED [WBbt:0005758]
xref: EHDAA2:0003177 ! hermaphrodite anatomical structure
xref: WBbt:0005758 ! hermaphrodite-specific
xref: AEO:0000177 ! hermaphrodite anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007197 ! hermaphroditic organism

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002537
name: hermaphrodite gonad
def: "a gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ovotestis]
synonym: "ovotestis" RELATED [BTO:0000981]
synonym: "hermaphrodite genitalia" EXACT [GO:0040035]
synonym: "hermaphrodite gland" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Ovotestis#In_gastropods]
synonym: "glandula hermaphroditica" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Ovotestis#In_gastropods]
xref: MAT:0000165 ! hermaphrodite gonad
xref: MIAA:0000165 ! hermaphrodite gonad
xref: WBbt:0005178 ! hermaphrodite gonad
xref: EFO:0000971 ! hermaphrodite gonad
xref: BTO:0000981 ! ovotestis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0007283 ! spermatogenesis
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0048477 ! oogenesis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007197 ! hermaphroditic organism

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002538
name: hatching gland
def: "The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "frontal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "hgg" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000558
xref: EFO:0000863 ! hatching gland
xref: VHOG:0000078 ! hatching gland
xref: MAT:0000180 ! hatching gland
xref: MIAA:0000180 ! hatching gland
xref: TAO:0000026 ! hatching gland
xref: XAO:0000034 ! hatching gland
xref: ZFA:0000026 ! hatching gland
is_a: UBERON:0002530 {source="GO"} ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
xref: AAO:0011050 ! hatching gland
property_value: external_definition "A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000026", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008906
name: lateral line nerve
def: "Cranial nerves that carry afferent and efferent fibers for the lateral line system." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "lateral line nerves" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001479]
xref: TAO:0001479 ! lateral line nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 {source="AAO"} ! cranial nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002540 {source="ZFA"} ! lateral line system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002540 ! lateral line system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009128 {source="NBK53175"} ! lateral line placode
xref: ZFA:0001479 ! lateral line nerve
xref: AAO:0010077 ! lateral line nerve
property_value: external_definition "Any of the sensory nerves that innervate mechano- and electroreceptors of the lateral line system. The lateral line nerves may be separated in two components, anterior and posterior, in relation to the position of its roots with respect to the otic capsule. These nerves develop from lateral line placodes.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010077", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:SIQ"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: innervates lateral line receptor organ (AAO:0001001)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010077", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: part_of_proxy lateral line system (AAO:0000975) CHANGED TO: part_of lateral line system (UBERON:0002540)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010077", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002540
name: lateral line system
def: "a line of neuroblasts along the sides of fish and amphibia that detect vibrations and pressure changes." [ISBN:0471209627, ISBN:0815318960, Wikipedia:Lateral_line_system]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral line stitches" RELATED []
synonym: "lateral-line organs" RELATED []
synonym: "ll" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000269 ! lateral_line_system
xref: VHOG:0001243 ! lateral line system
xref: MAT:0000249 ! lateral line system
xref: MIAA:0000249 ! lateral line system
xref: TAO:0000034 ! lateral line system
xref: XAO:0000095 ! lateral line system
xref: ZFA:0000034 ! lateral line system
xref: EFO:0000941 ! lateral line system
is_a: UBERON:0001032 ! sense organ system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 {source="http://tolweb.org/Amniota"} ! Amniota
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: AAO:0000975 ! lateral line system
property_value: external_definition "Sensory system which develops from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000975", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: is_formed_by lateral line receptor organ (AAO:0001001)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000975", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000034", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "lateral line organs" RELATED [VHOG:0001243]
property_value: homology_notes "The mechanosensory lateral line system is widely distributed in aquatic anamniotes. It was apparently present in the earliest vertebrates, as it has been identified in agnathans, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, lungfishes, the crossopterygian Latimeria, and aquatic amphibians.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001243", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.195", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009128 ! lateral line placode
name: lateral line placode
synonym: "lateral line placodes" RELATED PLURAL  [XAO:0000440]
is_a: UBERON:0003067 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! dorsolateral placode
xref: XAO:0000440 ! lateral line placode
xref: AAO:0010718 ! lateral line placodes
property_value: external_definition "Specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010718", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:SIQ"}
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 {source="http://tolweb.org/Amniota"} ! Amniota
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010202 ! lateral line
name: lateral line
def: "The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear." [ZFA:0001469, Wikipedia:Lateral_line]
synonym: "lateral lines" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001469]
xref: TAO:0001469 ! lateral line
xref: AAO:0011128 ! lateral line
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002540 {source="ZFA"} ! lateral line system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009128 ! lateral line placode
xref: ZFA:0001469 ! lateral line
xref: XAO:0004002 ! lateral line

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002543
name: obsolete median fin skeleton
def: "Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism." [TAO:wd]
comment: Mistakenly placed in uberon, should remain domain of TAO for now
synonym: "unpaired fin skeleton" EXACT  [ZFA:0001123]
synonym: "axial fin skeleton" EXACT [TAO:0001123]
consider: MAT:0000277 ! median fin skeleton
consider: MIAA:0000277 ! median fin skeleton
consider: ZFA:0001123 ! axial fin skeleton
consider: EFO:0000950 ! median fin skeleton
!consider: VSAO:0000170 ! median fin skeleton
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002545
name: obsolete body ganglion
synonym: "trunk ganglion" RELATED []
xref: EFO:0000901 ! body ganglion (also: UBERON:0007134 'trunk ganglion')
xref: MAT:0000344 ! body ganglion (also: UBERON:0007134 'trunk ganglion')
xref: MIAA:0000344 ! body ganglion (also: UBERON:0007134 'trunk ganglion')
consider: WBbt:0005332 ! body ganglion
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007134
name: trunk ganglion
def: "Ganglion which is located in the trunk." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "trunk ganglia" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001573]
synonym: "body ganglion" EXACT [MAT:0000344]
xref: TAO:0001573 ! trunk ganglion
xref: ZFA:0001573 ! trunk ganglion
xref: EFO:0000901 ! body ganglion (also: UBERON:0002545 'obsolete body ganglion')
xref: MAT:0000344 ! body ganglion (also: UBERON:0002545 'obsolete body ganglion')
xref: MIAA:0000344 ! body ganglion (also: UBERON:0002545 'obsolete body ganglion')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002547
name: tadpole
def: "An an organism at the larval stage" [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tadpole stage" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001347
xref: MAT:0000370 ! tadpole
xref: MIAA:0000370 ! tadpole
is_a: UBERON:0002548 ! larva
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0009849 ! tadpole stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009849 ! tadpole stage
name: tadpole stage
def: "wholly aquatic larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian, particularly of a frog or toad[WP]. XAO: The stages from feeding to the end of metamorphosis. Encompasses Weisz's first-form tadpole (equivalent to NF stages 45 to 49), second-form tadpole (NF 49 to 56) and third-form tadpole (NF 56 to 60-plus) stages." [ISBN:0471209627, ISSN:0003-276X, Wikipedia:Tadpole]
xref: XAO:1000008 ! tadpole (also: UBERON:0004728 'amphibian larval stage')
is_a: UBERON:0000069 ! larval stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002548
name: larva
def: "a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle." [Wikipedia:Larva]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies. TODO: discriminate between stages and organisms
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "planula" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "naupilus" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "zoea" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "nymph" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "naiad" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "caterpillar" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "grub" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "maggot" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "wriggler" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "trochophore" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "veliger" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "glochidium" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "ammocoete" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "leptocephalus" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "tadpole" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
synonym: "bipinnaria" NARROW [Wikipedia:Larva]
xref: BTO:0000707
xref: FBbt:00001727 ! larva
xref: HAO:0000459 ! larva
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! larva
xref: AEO:0000126 ! larva
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0000069 ! larval stage
xref: TAO:0002048 ! larva
property_value: external_definition "Whole organism that is premetamorphic or a very immature individual.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002048", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "larval organism" EXACT [TAO:0002048]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "larval" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008265
name: echinopluteus larva
def: "A planktonic and feeding larval form that possesses limb-like outgrowths bearing ciliated bands." [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-echinopluteuslarva.html]
synonym: "pluteus larva" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0008264 ! echinopluteus larval stage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002549
name: ventral trigeminal tract
def: "The ventral trigeminothalamic tract serves as pain, temperature, and light touch pathway from the face, head and neck. It receives input from trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve. It receives discriminative tactile and pressure input from the contralateral principal sensory nucleus of CN V, which terminates in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus. It then ascends to the contralateral sensory cortex via three neurons . [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_trigeminal_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior trigeminothalamic tract" EXACT [FMA:72506]
synonym: "trigeminal lemniscus-2" EXACT [FMA:72506]
synonym: "ventral crossed tract" EXACT [FMA:72506]
synonym: "ventral secondary ascending tract of v" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral trigeminal pathway" EXACT [FMA:72506]
synonym: "ventral trigeminothalamic tract" EXACT [FMA:72506]
xref: FMA:72506 ! Ventral trigeminal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1001 ! Ventral trigeminal tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72506]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002550
name: anterior hypothalamic region
synonym: "chiasmal zone" EXACT [FMA:62027]
xref: FMA:62027 ! Anterior hypothalamic region
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1005 ! Anterior hypothalamic region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002551
name: interstitial nucleus of cajal
synonym: "interstitial nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72432]
synonym: "interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (crosby)" EXACT []
synonym: "interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:72432]
xref: FMA:72432 ! Interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1008 ! Interstitial nucleus of Cajal
xref: ABA:INC ! Interstitial nucleus of Cajal
xref: BM:MB-ICA ! interstitial nucleus of Cajal
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002044 {source="ABA"} ! ventral nucleus of posterior commissure
synonym: "nucleus interstitialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72432]
xref: SCTID:369251002 ! Entire interstitial nucleus of Cajal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002552
name: vestibulocerebellar tract
def: "The vestibulocerebellar tract is a tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vestibulocerebellar_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "vestibulocerebellar fibers" EXACT [FMA:72508]
xref: FMA:72508 ! Vestibulocerebellar tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1009 ! Vestibulocerebellar tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 ! pontine tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002553
name: anatomical cavity
def: "Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina." [FMA:67552]
synonym: "cavity" BROAD []
subset: upper_level
xref: FMA:67552 ! Anatomical cavity
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1011 ! Anatomical cavity
xref: galen:Cavity ! cavity
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: location_of UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012466
name: extraembryonic cavities
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! extraembryonic structure
xref: EHDAA2:0000472 ! extraembryonic cavities
xref: EMAPA:16054 ! cavities
xref: VHOG:0000767 ! extraembryonic cavities

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010064
name: open anatomical space
def: "An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior." [AEO:0000221]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: has_quality PATO:0000610 ! open
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0000464 {source="cjm"} ! anatomical space
xref: EHDAA2:0004616 ! open anatomical space
xref: AEO:0000221 ! open anatomical space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012467
name: enclosed anatomical space
def: "An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior." [AEO:0000222]
synonym: "closed anatomical space" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: has_quality PATO:0000608 ! closed
xref: AEO:0000222 ! enclosed anatomical space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002554
name: regional part of superior colliculus
subset: non_informative
subset: inherited_grouping_class
xref: FMA:85592 ! Segment of superior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1014 ! Regional part of superior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0002966 ! regional part of midbrain tectum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001945 ! superior colliculus
synonym: "segment of superior colliculus" RELATED [FMA:85592]
synonym: "superior colliculus segment" RELATED [FMA:85592]
def: "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a superior colliculus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002556
name: corticotectal tract
synonym: "corticotectal fibers" EXACT [FMA:72419]
synonym: "corticotectal fibres" EXACT [FMA:72419]
xref: FMA:72419 ! Corticotectal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1016 ! Corticotectal tract
xref: BM:CTT ! cortico-tectal tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "fibrae corticotectales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72419]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002557
name: linear nucleus
xref: FMA:72436 ! Linear nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1018 ! Linear nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002558
name: organ cavity
synonym: "cavity of organ" EXACT [FMA:12237]
subset: upper_level
xref: FMA:12237 ! Organ cavity
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1019 ! Organ cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
xref: SCTID:362606005 ! Entire organ cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010262 ! operculum of brain
name: operculum of brain
synonym: "operculum" BROAD [HP:0100954]
def: "The most posterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe in the brain. In an axial plane, the Sylvian fissure extends from the operculum posteriorly to divide the frontal from the temporal lobe. Broca's area is a notable part of the operculum, which plays a key role in conversation or speech production, reading and writing. Its vascular supply comes from the M3 branches of the middle cerebral artery[WP]." [Wikipedia:Operculum_%28brain%29]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 {source="HP"} ! cerebral hemisphere
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Operculum.png
xref: SCTID:362351003 ! Entire operculum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002560
name: temporal operculum
synonym: "facies supratemporalis" EXACT [FMA:74891]
synonym: "operculum temporale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Operculum_%28brain%29]
xref: FMA:74891 ! Temporal operculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1025 ! Temporal operculum
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010262 ! operculum of brain
xref: SCTID:369222001 ! Entire temporal operculum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002947
name: frontal operculum
synonym: "operculum frontale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Operculum_%28brain%29]
xref: FMA:74886 ! Frontal operculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_751 ! Frontal operculum
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010262 ! operculum of brain
xref: SCTID:362352005 ! Entire frontal operculum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002911
name: parietal operculum
def: "The parietal operculum, forming the superior bank of the sylvian fissure, as studied in the cat, contains the secondary somatosensory representation, 'S-II', and a second somatotopic representation (parietal ventral, or PV). Anatomically, primate S-II receives inputs from area 3 and area 1, and projects to PV and area 7. PV has projections to area 5 and premotor areas. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Parietal_operculum]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "operculum parietale" EXACT LATIN [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4029]
xref: FMA:74889 ! Parietal operculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4029 ! Parietal operculum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Operculum.png/200px-Operculum.png
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010262 ! operculum of brain
xref: SCTID:362353000 ! Entire parietal operculum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002562
name: superior frontal sulcus
def: "The superior frontal sulcus is a sulcus between the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sulcus f1" EXACT [FMA:83755]
synonym: "superior frontal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83755]
synonym: "sulcus frontalis primus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1030]
synonym: "sulcus frontalis superior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1030]
xref: FMA:83755 ! Superior frontal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1030 ! Superior frontal sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Frontal_Sulcus ! Superior Frontal Sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray726_Superior_frontal_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray726_Superior_frontal_sulcus.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279342009 ! Entire superior frontal sulcus
synonym: "sulcus frontalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray726_Superior_frontal_sulcus.svg
xref: UMLS:C0228198

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002563
name: central nucleus of inferior colliculus
synonym: "chief nucleus of inferior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72413]
synonym: "inferior colliculus, central nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72413]
synonym: "nucleus of inferior colliculus (crosby)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72413 ! Central nucleus of inferior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1035 ! Central nucleus of inferior colliculus
xref: ABA:ICc ! Inferior colliculus, central nucleus
xref: BM:MB-Tec-ICC ! central nucleus of inferior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001946 ! inferior colliculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002571 {source="ABA"} ! external nucleus of inferior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007193 ! orbital gyrus
name: orbital gyrus
def: "The inferior or orbital surface of the frontal lobe is concave, and rests on the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It is divided into four orbital gyri by a well-marked H-shaped orbital sulcus. These are named, from their position, the medial, anterior, lateral, and posterior orbital gyri. The medial orbital gyrus presents a well-marked antero-posterior sulcus, the olfactory sulcus, for the olfactory tract; the portion medial to this is named the straight gyrus, and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface." [Wikipedia:Orbital_gyri]
synonym: "orbital gyri" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Orbital_gyri]
xref: FMA:256194 ! orbital gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
xref: SCTID:280372002 ! Entire orbital gyrus
synonym: "gyrus orbitales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbital_gyri]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002564
name: lateral orbital gyrus
xref: FMA:62418 ! Lateral orbital gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1036 ! Lateral orbital gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0007193 ! orbital gyrus
xref: SCTID:279195001 ! Lateral orbital gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002565
name: olivary pretectal nucleus
def: "The pretectum, also known as the pretectal area, is a region of neurons found between the thalamus and midbrain. It receives binocular sensory input from retinal ganglion cells of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Olivary_pretectal_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior pretectal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72405]
synonym: "olivary nucleus of superior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72405]
synonym: "pretectal olivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72405]
xref: FMA:72405 ! Olivary pretectal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1037 ! Olivary pretectal nucleus
xref: ABA:OP ! Olivary pretectal nucleus
xref: BM:MB-Tec-OPT ! olivary pretectal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001944 ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002996 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of optic tract
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002711 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of posterior commissure
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006848 {source="ABA"} ! posterior pretectal nucleus
synonym: "nucleus pretectalis anterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72405]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002566
name: superior precentral sulcus
synonym: "precentral dimple" EXACT [FMA:83763]
synonym: "superior part of precentral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83763]
synonym: "sulcus praecentralis superior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1038]
synonym: "sulcus precentralis superior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1038]
xref: FMA:83763 ! Superior precentral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1038 ! Superior precentral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002567
name: basal part of pons
synonym: "basal portion of pons" EXACT [FMA:72244]
synonym: "base of pons" EXACT [FMA:72244]
synonym: "basilar part of pons" EXACT [FMA:72244]
synonym: "pons proper" EXACT [FMA:72244]
synonym: "ventral portion of pons" EXACT [FMA:72244]
xref: FMA:72244 ! Basal part of pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1043 ! Basal part of pons
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002152 ! middle cerebellar peduncle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
synonym: "pars basilaris pontis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72244]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002568
name: amiculum of dentate nucleus
synonym: "dentate nuclear amiculum" EXACT [FMA:72546]
xref: FMA:72546 ! Amiculum of dentate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1044 ! Amiculum of dentate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002132 ! dentate nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002569
name: transverse temporal sulcus
xref: FMA:83782 ! Transverse temporal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1045 ! Transverse temporal sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002570
name: medial orbital gyrus
xref: FMA:62419 ! Medial orbital gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1046 ! Medial orbital gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0007193 ! orbital gyrus
xref: SCTID:279194002 ! Medial orbital gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002571
name: external nucleus of inferior colliculus
xref: FMA:72412 ! External nucleus of inferior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1047 ! External nucleus of inferior colliculus
xref: ABA:ICe ! Inferior colliculus, external nucleus
xref: BM:MB-Tec-ICX ! external nucleus of inferior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001946 ! inferior colliculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002563 {source="ABA"} ! central nucleus of inferior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002572
name: principal pretectal nucleus
xref: FMA:72402 ! Principal pretectal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1048 ! Principal pretectal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001944 ! pretectal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002574
name: regional part of inferior olivary complex
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a inferior olivary complex [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior olivary complex segment" EXACT [FMA:71259]
synonym: "segment of inferior olivary complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1052]
xref: FMA:71259 ! Segment of inferior olivary complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1052 ! Regional part of inferior olivary complex
is_a: UBERON:0002678 ! regional part of medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002127 ! inferior olivary complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002575
name: posterior orbital gyrus
xref: FMA:80184 ! Posterior orbital gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1054 ! Posterior orbital gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0007193 ! orbital gyrus
xref: SCTID:279197009 ! Posterior orbital gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009899 ! pole of cerebral hemisphere
name: pole of cerebral hemisphere
def: "The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole." [Wikipedia:Poles_of_cerebral_hemispheres]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
synonym: "polus frontalis, polus occipitalis, polus temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Poles_of_cerebral_hemispheres]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002795
name: frontal pole
def: "Component of the frontal lobe.  The rostral and caudal boundaries of the frontal pole are the superior frontal gyrus and the rostral division of the middle frontal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennama-Notestine)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1716]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "polus frontalis" EXACT  [NeuroNames:57]
xref: FMA:74885 ! Frontal pole
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1716 ! Frontal pole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG
intersection_of: UBERON:0009899 ! pole of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001870 ! frontal cortex
xref: SCTID:314144002 ! Entire frontal pole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002902
name: occipital pole
def: "The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Occipital_pole]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "polus occipitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4016]
synonym: "polus occipitalis cerebri" RELATED [BTO:0001868]
xref: FMA:74892 ! Occipital pole
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4016 ! Occipital pole
xref: BTO:0001868 ! occipital pole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG
intersection_of: UBERON:0009899 ! pole of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002021 ! occipital lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002021 {source="BTO"} ! occipital lobe
xref: SCTID:314160003 ! Entire occipital pole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002576
name: temporal pole
def: "The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Temporal_pole]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "polus temporalis" EXACT  [NeuroNames:126]
xref: FMA:74890 ! Temporal pole
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1055 ! Temporal pole
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG
intersection_of: UBERON:0009899 ! pole of cerebral hemisphere
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
xref: SCTID:314155002 ! Entire temporal pole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002577
name: pericentral nucleus of inferior colliculus
synonym: "cortex of inferior colliculus" EXACT [FMA:72411]
xref: FMA:72411 ! Pericentral nucleus of inferior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1056 ! Pericentral nucleus of inferior colliculus
xref: BM:MB-Tec-ICP ! pericentral nucleus of inferior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001946 ! inferior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002578
name: sublentiform nucleus
xref: FMA:72404 ! Sublentiform nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1057
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001944 ! pretectal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002579
name: regional part of medullary reticular formation
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a medullary reticular formation [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medullary reticular formation segment" EXACT [FMA:73730]
synonym: "segment of medullary reticular formation" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1060]
xref: FMA:73730 ! Segment of medullary reticular formation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1060 ! Regional part of medullary reticular formation
is_a: UBERON:0002678 ! regional part of medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002559 ! medullary reticular formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002581
name: postcentral gyrus
def: "The lateral postcentral gyrus is a prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It was initially defined from surface stimulation studies of Penfield, and parallel surface potential studies of Bard, Woolsey, and Marshall. Although initially defined to be roughly the same as Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2, more recent work by Kaas has suggested that for homogeny with other sensory fields only area 3 should be referred to as 'primary somatosensory cortex', as it received the bulk of the thalamocortical projection from the sensory input fields. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Postcentral_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "postcentral convolution" EXACT [FMA:61896]
synonym: "posterior central gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61896]
synonym: "postrolandic gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61896]
xref: FMA:61896 ! Postcentral gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1070 ! Postcentral gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Postcentral_Gyrus ! Postcentral Gyrus
xref: EFO:0001383 ! postcentral gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Postcentral_gyrus.png/200px-Postcentral_gyrus.png
xref: BTO:0004354 ! postcentral gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
xref: SCTID:279167001 ! Entire postcentral gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Postcentral_gyrus.png
xref: UMLS:C0152302

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002582
name: anterior calcarine sulcus
synonym: "anterior calcarine fissure" EXACT [FMA:83750]
synonym: "sulcus calcarinus anterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1072]
xref: FMA:83750 ! Anterior calcarine sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1072 ! Anterior calcarine sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002584
name: regional part of vestibular nuclear complex
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a vestibular nuclear complex [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segment of vestibular nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1080]
synonym: "vestibular nuclear complex segment" EXACT [FMA:71267]
xref: FMA:71267 ! Segment of vestibular nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1080 ! Regional part of vestibular nuclear complex
is_a: UBERON:0002678 ! regional part of medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002673 ! vestibular nuclear complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002585
name: central tegmental tract of midbrain
xref: FMA:72456 ! Central tegmental tract of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1081 ! Central tegmental tract of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
xref: SCTID:369243000 ! Entire central tegmental tract of midbrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002586
name: calcarine sulcus
def: "The calcarine fissure is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Calcarine_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "calcarine fissure" EXACT [FMA:83749]
synonym: "sulcus calcarinus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1086]
xref: FMA:83749 ! Calcarine sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1086 ! Calcarine sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Calcarine_Sulcus ! Calcarine Sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-CAS ! calcarine sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279355005 ! Calcarine sulcus
xref: UMLS:C0228224

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002587
name: nucleus subceruleus
synonym: "nucleus subcaeruleus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72479]
synonym: "subcaerulean nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72479]
synonym: "subcoeruleus nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "subceruleus nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72479 ! Nucleus subceruleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1088 ! Nucleus subceruleus
xref: ABA:SLC ! Subceruleus nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003004 {source="ABA"} ! median raphe nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002148 {source="ABA"} ! locus ceruleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002267 {source="ABA"} ! laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002047 {source="ABA"} ! pontine raphe nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002589
name: lateral corticospinal tract
def: "The lateral corticospinal tract (also called the crossed pyramidal tract or lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus) is the largest part of the corticospinal tract. It extends throughout the entire length of the medulla spinalis, and on transverse section appears as an oval area in front of the posterior column and medial to the posterior spinocerebellar tract. Its fibres arise from cells in the motor area of the cerebral hemisphere of the opposite side. They pass downward in company with those of the anterior corticospinal tract through the same side of the brain as that from which they originate, but they cross to the opposite side in the medulla oblongata and descend in the lateral funiculus of the medulla spinalis. The lateral corticospinal tract controls movement of contralateral limbs. Control of more central axial and girdle muscles comes from the anterior corticospinal tract. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_corticospinal_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral pyramidal tract" EXACT [FMA:72635]
xref: FMA:72635 ! Lateral corticospinal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1095 ! Lateral corticospinal tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:369091005 ! Entire lateral corticospinal tract
synonym: "tractus corticospinalis lateralis, fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_corticospinal_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002591
name: oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: FMA:235322 ! Oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1100 ! Oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: ABA:SPVO ! Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001717 ! spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002162 {source="ABA"} ! area postrema
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002610 {source="ABA"} ! cochlear nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002864 {source="ABA"} ! accessory cuneate nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007633 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of trapezoid body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002126 {source="ABA"} ! solitary tract nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002866 {source="ABA"} ! caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002873 {source="ABA"} ! interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002592
name: juxtarestiform body
def: "The juxtarestiform body is a subdivision of the inferior cerebellar peduncle, which comprises both the juxtarestiform and restiform bodies. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Juxtarestiform_body]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:72613 ! Juxtarestiform body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1101 ! Juxtarestiform body
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:110687007 ! Juxtarestiform body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Gray677.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002593
name: orbital operculum
xref: FMA:74887 ! Orbital operculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1102 ! Orbital operculum
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010262 ! operculum of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002594
name: dentatothalamic tract
def: "The dentatothalamic tract (or dentatorubrothalamic tract) is a tract which connects the dentate nucleus and the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dentatothalamic_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dentatothalamic fibers" EXACT [FMA:72462]
xref: FMA:72462 ! Dentatothalamic tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1104 ! Dentatothalamic tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
synonym: "tractus dentatothalamicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dentatothalamic_tract]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002595
name: orbital sulcus
def: "The inferior or orbital surface of the frontal lobe is concave, and rests on the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It is divided into four orbital gyri by a well-marked H-shaped orbital sulcus" [Wikipedia:Orbital_sulcus]
synonym: "sulci orbitalis" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "orbital sulci" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:83770]
synonym: "cruciate sulcus of campbell" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1112]
synonym: "sulcus orbitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1112]
xref: FMA:83770 ! Orbital sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1112 ! Orbital sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbital_Sulcus ! Orbital Sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-ORS ! orbital sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0008334 {source="FMA"} ! subarachnoid sulcus
xref: SCTID:314143008 ! Entire orbital sulci
xref: UMLS:C0228206

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013590
name: cruciate sulcus
def: "a deep groove which runs transversely across the rostro-dorsal surface of the cerebrum and which is one of the landmarks on the cerebral cortex." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cruciate+sulcus]
synonym: "cruciate sulci" EXACT PLURAL  []
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002596
name: ventral posterior nucleus
def: "The ventral posterior nucleus is the somato-sensory relay nucleus in thalamus of the brain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_posterior_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ventral posterior thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62187]
synonym: "ventrobasal complex" EXACT [FMA:62187]
synonym: "ventrobasal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62187]
synonym: "nucleus ventrales posteriores" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1116]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1116]
xref: FMA:62187 ! Ventral posterior nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1116 ! Ventral posterior nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: BTO:0004373 ! ventral posterior nucleus (also: UBERON:0002939 'ventral posteroinferior nucleus')
xref: BTO:0004374 ! ventral posterior inferior nucleus (also: UBERON:0002939 'ventral posteroinferior nucleus')
xref: EV:0100209 ! ventral posterior thalamic nucleus (also: UBERON:0002939 'ventral posteroinferior nucleus')
xref: BM:Die-Th-VPI ! ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus (also: UBERON:0002939 'ventral posteroinferior nucleus')
is_a: UBERON:0002308 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002776 {source="FMA"} ! ventral nuclear group
xref: SCTID:279147005 ! Entire ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002151
name: pontine nuclear group
def: "The pontine nuclei are a part of the pons which store the memory of intention during motor activity. Corticopontine fibres carry information from the primary motor cortex to the ipsilateral pontine nucleus in the ventral pons, and the pontocerebellar projection then carries that information to the contralateral cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle. They therefore allow modification of actions in the light of their outcome, or error correction, and are hence important in learning motor skills. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pontine_nuclei]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pontine nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "pontine nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "pontine nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:72512]
synonym: "pontine nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1516]
synonym: "pontine gray" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1516]
synonym: "nuclei pontis" RELATED [BTO:0003396]
synonym: "pontine gray matter" RELATED [BTO:0003396]
xref: FMA:72512 ! Pontine nuclear group
xref: MA:0001021 ! pontine nucleus
xref: BTO:0003396 ! pontine nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1516 ! Pontine nuclear complex
xref: ABA:PG ! Pontine gray
xref: BM:Pons-PGr ! pontine gray
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002567 ! basal part of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002968 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus
xref: SCTID:304942009 ! Entire pontine nucleus
synonym: "nuclei pontis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pontine_nuclei]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Lower_pons_horizontal_KB.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007641 ! trigeminal nuclear complex
name: trigeminal nuclear complex
def: "The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus[WP]." [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei]
comment: In MA and FMA this is part of the pons / pontime tegmentum. We weaken this to overlaps to avoid inconsistency. In NIF this is a composite structure spanning multiple regions, which is more appropriate.
synonym: "trigeminal nuclei" EXACT  [FMA:71248]
xref: FMA:71248 ! trigeminal nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4096 ! Trigeminal nuclear complex
xref: BM:V ! trigeminal nuclear complex (also: UBERON:0002925 'trigeminal nucleus')
is_a: UBERON:0007245 {source="FMA"} ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003023 {source="FMA"} ! pontine tegmentum
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001645 ! trigeminal nerve
synonym: "nuclei trigemini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve_nuclei]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002925 ! trigeminal nucleus
name: trigeminal nucleus
comment: note massive inconsistencies between GO, MA, wikipedia. Part of pons in MA, but this leads to inconsistencies with ABA. See https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3291162&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "trigeminal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:71248]
synonym: "trigeminal V nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001028]
synonym: "nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini" RELATED [BTO:0001074]
synonym: "nucleus mesencephalicus trigeminalis" RELATED [BTO:0001074]
synonym: "nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis" RELATED [BTO:0001074]
synonym: "trigeminal nuclear complex nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:71247]
xref: FMA:71247 ! nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex
xref: GAID:604 ! trigeminal nuclei
xref: BTO:0001074 ! trigeminal nucleus
xref: MA:0001028 ! trigeminal V nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nucleus ! Trigeminal Nucleus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.931 ! trigeminal nuclei
xref: VHOG:0001353 ! trigeminal V nucleus
xref: EV:0100271 ! trigeminal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nifext_11 ! Trigeminal nucleus
xref: BM:V ! trigeminal nuclear complex (also: UBERON:0007641 'trigeminal nuclear complex')
is_a: UBERON:0002308 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007641 ! trigeminal nuclear complex
xref: SCTID:280164007 ! Trigeminal nucleus
synonym: "nucleus of trigeminal nuclear complex" EXACT [FMA:71247]
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a trigeminal nuclear complex." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0040999

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004132 ! trigeminal sensory nucleus
name: trigeminal sensory nucleus
def: "The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP]." [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nuclei]
comment: TODO: check ZFA link. note this is part of medulla in ZFA, but we do not include this link here as it leads to inconsistencies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "trigeminal sensory nucleus" EXACT [GO:0021730]
synonym: "trigeminal V sensory nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001030]
synonym: "sensory trigeminal nucleus" EXACT [ZFA:0000433]
synonym: "sensory trigeminal V nucleus" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0000433 ! sensory trigeminal nucleus 
xref: MA:0001030 ! trigeminal V sensory nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001356 ! trigeminal V sensory nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png
is_a: UBERON:0000126 {source="FMA"} ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002925 {source="MA"} ! trigeminal nuclear complex
xref: SCTID:280170001 ! Sensory trigeminal nucleus
xref: TAO:0000433 ! sensory trigeminal nuclei
synonym: "sensory trigeminal nuclei" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0000433]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002597
name: principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
def: "The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus of V) is a group of second order neurons which have cell bodies in the dorsal Pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons of CN V. Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Ventral Trigeminothalamic Tract, but information of the oral cavity travels to the ipsilateral Ventral Posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Dorsal Trigeminothalamic Tract. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Chief_sensory_nucleus, GO:0021730]
comment: GO has pontine nucleus as a child of trigeminal sensory nucleus, WP says this is a synonym, but we have a separate class for this - UBERON:0002151
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "trigeminal V principal sensory nucleus" EXACT [MA:0002740]
synonym: "trigeminal V chief sensory nucleus" EXACT [MA:0002740]
synonym: "principal sensory nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve" EXACT [FMA:54533]
synonym: "chief sensory nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54533]
synonym: "main sensory nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54533]
synonym: "main sensory nucleus of cranial nerve v" EXACT []
synonym: "principal sensory trigeminal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54533]
synonym: "principal trigeminal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54533]
synonym: "superior trigeminal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54533]
synonym: "superior trigeminal sensory nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54533]
synonym: "trigeminal nerve superior sensory nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54533]
synonym: "pontine nucleus" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nuclei, GO:0021740]
xref: FMA:54533 ! Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1120 ! Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
xref: MA:0002740 ! trigeminal V principal sensory nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png
xref: EV:0100274 ! principal sensory
xref: ABA:PSV ! Principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
xref: BM:VP ! principal trigeminal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0004132 {source="MA"} ! trigeminal sensory nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 {source="NIF"} ! pontine tegmentum
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006840 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of lateral lemniscus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007634 {source="ABA"} ! parabrachial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002128 {source="ABA"} ! superior olivary complex
xref: ncithesaurus:Principal_Sensory_Nucleus_of_the_Trigeminal_Nerve ! Principal Sensory Nucleus of the Trigeminal Nerve
xref: SCTID:369031008 ! Entire trigeminal nerve superior sensory nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004628 ! trigeminal pontine sensory nucleus
xref: UMLS:C0228701

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001717
name: spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
def: "The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a nucleus in the medulla that receives information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face. The facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves also convey pain information from their areas to the spinal trigeminal nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "spinal nucleus of cranial nerve v" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal trigeminal nucleus" EXACT [GO:0021741]
synonym: "trigeminal nerve spinal tract nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminal spinal nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminal v spinal sensory nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:54565 ! Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
xref: GAID:605 ! spinal trigeminal nucleu
xref: MA:0001053 ! trigeminal V spinal sensory nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001357 ! trigeminal V spinal sensory nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.931.920 ! spinal trigeminal nucleu
xref: BM:VSp ! spinal trigeminal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0004132 {source="MA"} ! trigeminal sensory nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="MA"} ! medulla oblongata
xref: ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_the_Spinal_Tract_of_the_Trigeminal_Nerve ! Nucleus of the Spinal Tract of the Trigeminal Nerve
xref: SCTID:369033006 ! Entire trigeminal nerve spinal tract nucleus
synonym: "nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png
xref: UMLS:C0041000

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001718
name: mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
def: "The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with proprioception of the face, that is, the feeling of position of the muscles. Unlike many nuclei within the CNS, the mesencephalic nucleus contains no chemical synapses but are electrically coupled. Instead, neurons of this nucleus are pseudounipolar cells receiving proprioceptive information from the jaw, and sending projections to the motor trigeminal nucleus to mediate monosynaptic jaw reflexes. It is also the only structure in the CNS to contain the cell bodies of a primary afferent, which are usually contained within ganglia. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve]
comment: Development notes: develops from NC in some species[UBERONREF:0000002] Not of NC origin[doi:10.1002/dvdy.1197]. AO notes: part of midbrain tegmentum in NIF and MA. the neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus are the only centrally located primary sensory neurons in amniotes; all others are extramedullary[PMID:11747082]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "Me5" BROAD  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1010]
synonym: "mesencephalic nucleus" BROAD [Wikipedia:Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve]
synonym: "mesencephalic trigeminal V nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus" EXACT [GO:0021739]
synonym: "nucleus of mesencephalic root of v" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminal nerve mesencepahlic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminal V mesencephalic nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001057]
synonym: "trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:54568 ! Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1010 ! Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
xref: TAO:0000312 ! mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
xref: ZFA:0000312 ! mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
xref: MA:0001057 ! trigeminal V mesencephalic nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001354 ! trigeminal V mesencephalic nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png
xref: EV:0100252 ! mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
xref: BM:Pons-5ME ! mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0004132 ! trigeminal sensory nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001891 {source="MA"} ! midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 {source="NIF"} ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 {source="ISBN:978-0-387-09845-6"} ! Gnathostomata
xref: SCTID:369032001 ! Entire trigeminal nerve mesencephalic nucleus
synonym: "nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002633
name: motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
def: "The trigeminal motor nucleus contains motor neurons that innervate muscles of the first branchial arch, namely the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric." [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_motor_nucleus]
comment: note this in ZFA this is part of the medulla; pons is a dubious structure for zebrafish
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "motor nucleus of cranial nerve v" EXACT []
synonym: "motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve" EXACT [FMA:54562]
synonym: "trigeminal motor nucleus" EXACT [ZFA:0001365]
synonym: "motor nucleus V" EXACT [ZFA:0001365]
synonym: "trigeminal V motor nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001029]
synonym: "nV" EXACT [ZFA:0001365]
synonym: "motor trigeminal nucleus" EXACT [BTO:0001075]
xref: FMA:54562 ! Trigeminal motor nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1222 ! Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
xref: ZFA:0001365 ! trigeminal motor nucleus
xref: MA:0001029 ! trigeminal V motor nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001355 ! trigeminal V motor nucleus
xref: BTO:0001075 ! motor trigeminal nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png
xref: EV:0100273 ! motor
xref: ABA:V ! Motor nucleus of trigeminal
xref: BM:Vm ! motor nucleus of trigeminal
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0000126 {source="FMA"} ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 {source="ABA"} ! pons
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 {source="NIF"} ! pontine tegmentum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002925 {source="MA"} ! trigeminal nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002968 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002151 {source="ABA"} ! pontine nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus
synonym: "nucleus motorius nervi trigemini" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54562]
xref: ncithesaurus:Motor_Nucleus_of_the_Trigeminal_Nerve ! Motor Nucleus of the Trigeminal Nerve
xref: SCTID:38390003 ! Trigeminal nerve motor nucleus
xref: TAO:0001365 ! trigeminal motor nuclei
synonym: "nucleus motorius nervi trigemini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_motor_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png
synonym: "trigeminal motor nuclei" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001365]
xref: UMLS:C0228700

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002598
name: paracentral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus subcentralis medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1121]
xref: FMA:83762 ! Paracentral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1121 ! Paracentral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:369228002 ! Entire paracentral sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002599
name: medial olfactory gyrus
xref: FMA:74509 ! Medial olfactory gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1127 ! Medial olfactory gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
xref: SCTID:369103002 ! Entire medial olfactory gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002600
name: limbic lobe
def: "The limbic lobe (also known as the Cingulate) is a portion of the brain associated with functions such as olfaction and emotion. It contains parts of other lobes, including the frontal, parietal, and temporal. Its main components are the fornicate gyrus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala It is related to the term limbic system, but unlike that term, 'limbic lobe' is a part of the Terminologia Anatomica, and there is less disagreement over what is included in the 'limbic lobe' than there is over what is included in the 'limbic system'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Limbic_lobe, Wikipedia:Limbic_lobe]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fornicate gyrus" EXACT [FMA:72719]
synonym: "grande lobe limbique of broca" EXACT []
synonym: "limbic lobe (carpenter)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72719 ! Limbic lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1128 ! Limbic lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Human_brain_inferior-medial_view_description.JPG/200px-Human_brain_inferior-medial_view_description.JPG
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:279215006 ! Limbic lobe
synonym: "lobus limbicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Limbic_lobe]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Human_brain_inferior-medial_view_description.JPG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002601
name: fasciolar gyrus
def: "a small paired band that passes around the splenium of the corpus callosum from the lateral longitudinal stria to the dentate gyrus[Biology-Online]. A posterior and upward extension of the dentate gyrus, forming a transitional area between the dentate gyrus and the indusium griseum[BTO]." [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Fasciolar_gyrus, BTO:0002497]
comment: TODO - existing definitions, synonyms and relationships in existing AOs seem contradictory; to be resolved. We take the dentate gyrus relationship from BTO, and it is also implied by the FMA synonym. However, FMA says archiortex (embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus) and NIF says limbic lobe (which is more general than hippocampus). ABA xref made on basis of BTO related synonym
synonym: "retrosplenial gyrus of hippocampus" EXACT [FMA:61921]
synonym: "fasciola cinerea" RELATED [BTO:0002497]
synonym: "gyrus fasciolaris" RELATED [BTO:0002497]
xref: FMA:61921 ! Fasciolar gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1129 ! Fasciolar gyrus
xref: BTO:0002497 ! fasciolar gyrus
xref: ABA:FC ! Fasciola cinerea
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001954 {source="ABA"} ! Ammon's horn
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001885 {source="ABA"} ! dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation
xref: SCTID:279210001 ! Entire fasciolar gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002602
name: emboliform nucleus
def: "The emboliform nucleus lies immediately to the medial side of the nucleus dentatus, and partly covering its hilus. It is one among the four pairs of cerebellar nuclei, which are from lateral to medial: the dentate, interposed (emboliform and globose), and fastigial nuclei. These nuclei can be seen using the Weigert method staining. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Emboliform_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior interposed nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72538]
synonym: "anterior interpositus nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72538]
xref: FMA:72538 ! Emboliform nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1135 ! Emboliform nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002130 ! cerebellar nuclear complex
synonym: "nucleus interpositus anterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72538]
synonym: "nucleus emboliformis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Emboliform_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray707.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002603
name: paraterminal gyrus
def: "The paraterminal gyrus (subcallosal gyrus, peduncle of the corpus callosum) is a narrow lamina on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the lamina terminalis, behind the parolfactory area, and below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is continuous around the genu of the corpus callosum with the supracallosal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Paraterminal_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "precommissural hippocampus" EXACT [FMA:61919]
synonym: "subcallosal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61919]
xref: FMA:61919 ! Paraterminal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1138 ! Paraterminal gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png
is_a: UBERON:0002665 ! supracallosal gyrus
synonym: "gyrus paraterminalis, gyrus subcallosus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Paraterminal_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002605
name: precentral operculum
xref: FMA:74888 ! Precentral operculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1141 ! Precentral operculum
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010262 ! operculum of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002606 ! neuropil
name: neuropil
def: "A dense intricate feltwork of interwoven fine glial processes, fibrils, synaptic terminals, axons, and dendrites interspersed among the nerve cells of the central nervous system[MESH]" [Wikipedia:Neuropil, MESH:A08.637.500]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:261269 ! Neuropil
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1142
xref: FBbt:00005139 ! neuropil
xref: ncithesaurus:Neuropil ! Neuropil
xref: GAID:740 ! neuropil
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao205380252 ! Neuropil
xref: MESH:A08.637.500 ! neuropil
xref: SCTID:67146008 ! Neuropil
synonym: "neuropilus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neuropil]
is_a: UBERON:0005162 {source="FBbt"} ! multi cell component structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 {source="FBbt"} ! central nervous system
xref: UMLS:C0228081

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001047
name: neural glomerulus
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00005386
def: "Large synaptic bouton found in areas like olfactory bulb, cerebellar cortex and thalamus, that contacts many post-synaptic targets[NIF]." [http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html, http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/glomerulus_sw_512x512.jpg]
comment: isa or partof neuropil? TODO. Add to GO-CC?
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "glomerulus" BROAD [FBbt:00005386, NIF_Subcellular:sao587858733]
xref: FBbt:00005386 ! glomerulus
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao587858733 ! Glomerulus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray1130.svg/200px-Gray1130.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0002606 ! neuropil
disjoint_from: UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011915
name: cerebellar glomerulus
def: "An intertwined cluster of nerve fibers surrounded by glia where mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons" [MP:0004099, ISBN:0838580343]
synonym: "cerebellar glomeruli" EXACT PLURAL []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001047 ! neural glomerulus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002956 ! granular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090502 ! Cerebellar glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011917
name: thalamic glomerulus
def: "Synaptic structure found in thalamic relay nuclei consising of a complex of afferent terminals, relay cell dendrites, interneuron dendrites and other processes. These complexes are surrounded by astrocytic processes." [NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090504]
synonym: "thalamic glomeruli" EXACT PLURAL []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001047 ! neural glomerulus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus
xref: NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090504 ! Thalamic glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002607
name: superior rostral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus rostralis superior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1143]
xref: FMA:83766 ! Superior rostral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1143 ! Superior rostral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002608
name: caudal part of ventral lateral nucleus
synonym: "dorsal part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (jones)" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral lateral nucleus, caudal part" EXACT [FMA:62194]
synonym: "ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, caudal part" EXACT [FMA:62194]
synonym: "nucleus dorsooralis (van buren)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1144]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1144]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars caudalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1144]
xref: FMA:62194 ! Caudal part of ventral lateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1144 ! Caudal part of ventral lateral nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001925 ! ventral lateral nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002610
name: cochlear nuclear complex
def: "The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cochlear_nuclei]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cochlear nuclei" EXACT [FMA:72240]
xref: FMA:72240 ! Cochlear nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1151 ! Cochlear nuclear complex
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Nuclei ! Cochlear Nuclei
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray691.png/200px-Gray691.png
xref: EV:0100260 ! cochlear nuclei
xref: ABA:CN ! Cochlear nuclei
xref: BM:Me-Co ! cochlear nuclei
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002162 {source="ABA"} ! area postrema
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002864 {source="ABA"} ! accessory cuneate nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007633 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of trapezoid body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002126 {source="ABA"} ! solitary tract nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002866 {source="ABA"} ! caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002873 {source="ABA"} ! interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002591 {source="ABA"} ! oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
synonym: "nuclei cochleares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cochlear_nuclei]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray691.png
xref: UMLS:C0152411

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002611
name: obsolete node of ranvier
def: "." [Wikipedia:Node_of_ranvier]
comment: in GO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ranvier node" EXACT [FMA:67368]
synonym: "ranvier's node" EXACT [FMA:67368]
consider: FMA:67368 ! Node of Ranvier
consider: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1152
consider: ncithesaurus:Node_of_Ranvier ! Node of Ranvier
consider: GO:0033268 ! node of Ranvier
consider: GAID:748 ! ranvier's node
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002612
name: transverse orbital sulcus
synonym: "sulcus orbitalis transversus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1155]
xref: FMA:83771 ! Transverse orbital sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1155 ! Transverse orbital sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002613
name: globose nucleus
def: "The globose nucleus is one of the deep cerebellar nuclei. It is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus. This nucleus contains primarily large and small multipolar neurons. The globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus are occasionally referred to collectively as the interposed nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Globose_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "posterior interposed nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72536]
synonym: "posterior interpositus nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72536]
xref: FMA:72536 ! Globose nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1158 ! Globose nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002130 ! cerebellar nuclear complex
synonym: "nucleus interpositus posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72536]
synonym: "nucleus globosus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Globose_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray707.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002614
name: medial part of ventral lateral nucleus
synonym: "ventral lateral nucleus, medial part" EXACT [FMA:62195]
synonym: "ventral medial nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62195]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, pars medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1159]
synonym: "nucleus ventrooralis medialis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1159]
synonym: "ventral medial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1159]
xref: FMA:62195 ! Medial part of ventral lateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1159 ! Medial part of ventral lateral nucleus
xref: ABA:VM ! Ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus
xref: BM:Die-Th-VM ! ventral medial nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001925 ! ventral lateral nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002615
name: ventral tegmental decussation
synonym: "anterior tegmental decussation" EXACT [FMA:72452]
synonym: "decussation of forel" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral tegmental decussation of forel" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72452 ! Ventral tegmental decussation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1163 ! Ventral tegmental decussation
is_a: UBERON:0007418 ! decussation of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
synonym: "decussatio tegmentalis anterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72452]
xref: SCTID:369249001 ! Entire ventral tegmental decussation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002616
name: regional part of brain
subset: non_informative
def: "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brain part" EXACT []
synonym: "neuraxis segment" EXACT [FMA:55676]
synonym: "segment of brain" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1167]
synonym: "anatomical structure of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biological structure of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brain anatomical structure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brain biological structure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:55676 ! Segment of brain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1167 ! Regional part of brain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: SCTID:384763002 ! Brain region
xref: ncithesaurus:Brain_Part ! Brain Part
xref: UMLS:C0445620

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002617
name: pars postrema of ventral lateral nucleus
synonym: "posterodorsal part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (jones)" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral lateral nucleus (pars postrema)" EXACT [FMA:62196]
synonym: "nucleus dorsointermedius externus magnocellularis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1170]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs postremus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1170]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami, pars postrema" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1170]
xref: FMA:62196 ! Pars postrema of ventral lateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1170 ! Pars postrema of ventral lateral nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001925 ! ventral lateral nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002618
name: trochlear nerve fibers
alt_id: UBERON:0002674
synonym: "central part of trochlear nerve" EXACT [FMA:71116]
synonym: "trochlear nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:71116]
synonym: "trochlear nerve root" EXACT [FMA:71116]
synonym: "trochlear nerve tract" EXACT [FMA:71116]
xref: FMA:71116 ! Trochlear nerve tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1172 ! Trochlear nerve fibers
is_a: UBERON:0006843 {source="FMA"} ! root of cranial nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002619
name: regional part of cerebral cortex
subset: non_informative
alt_id: UBERON:0003208
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebral cortex [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - check MA term
synonym: "cerebral cortex part" EXACT []
synonym: "segment of cerebral cortex" NARROW [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1173]
synonym: "region of cerebral cortex" EXACT [FMA:242193]
xref: FMA:242193 ! Region of cerebral cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1173 ! Regional part of cerebral cortex
xref: MA:0000187 ! neocortex region
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:119408004 ! Cerebral cortex part
synonym: "neocortex region" EXACT [MA:0000187]
synonym: "cerebral cortex region" RELATED [MA:0000187]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002620
name: tuber cinereum
def: "The tuber cinereum is a hollow eminence of gray matter situated between the mammilary bodies and the optic chiasm. The tuber cinereum is part of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tuber_cinereum]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:62327 ! Tuber cinereum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1189 ! Tuber cinereum
xref: ncithesaurus:Tuber_Cinereum ! Tuber Cinereum
xref: GAID:649 ! tuber cinereum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/200px-Gray724.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.352.870 ! tuber cinereum
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
xref: SCTID:362381006 ! Entire tuber cinereum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray724.png
xref: UMLS:C0041283

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002621
name: regional part of cochlear nuclear complex
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a cochlear nuclear complex [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear nuclear complex segment" EXACT [FMA:83952]
synonym: "segment of cochlear nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1195]
xref: FMA:83952 ! Segment of cochlear nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1195 ! Regional part of cochlear nuclear complex
is_a: UBERON:0002678 ! regional part of medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002610 ! cochlear nuclear complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002624
name: orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus
synonym: "inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part" EXACT [FMA:61982]
synonym: "pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1207]
xref: FMA:61982 ! Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1207 ! Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbital_Part_of_the_Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus ! Orbital Part of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus
xref: UMLS:C0262300

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002626
name: head of caudate nucleus
synonym: "caput (caudatus)" EXACT [FMA:61852]
synonym: "caudate nuclear head" EXACT [FMA:61852]
xref: FMA:61852 ! Head of caudate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1212 ! Head of caudate nucleus
xref: EMAPA:18547 ! head of caudate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001873 ! caudate nucleus
xref: SCTID:279298007 ! Entire head of caudate nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002627
name: capsule of medial geniculate body
synonym: "medial geniculate body capsule" EXACT [FMA:62049]
synonym: "capsula corporis geniculati medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1214]
xref: FMA:62049 ! Capsule of medial geniculate body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1214 ! Capsule of medial geniculate body
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001927 ! medial geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002628
name: tail of caudate nucleus
synonym: "caudate nuclear tail" EXACT [FMA:61854]
xref: FMA:61854 ! Tail of caudate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1215 ! Tail of caudate nucleus
xref: EMAPA:18548 ! tail of caudate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001873 ! caudate nucleus
xref: SCTID:279299004 ! Entire tail of caudate nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002629
name: triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus
synonym: "pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1216]
xref: FMA:61980 ! Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1216 ! Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
xref: ncithesaurus:Triangular_Part_of_the_Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus ! Triangular Part of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus
xref: UMLS:C0262350

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002630
name: body of caudate nucleus
synonym: "caudate nuclear body" EXACT [FMA:61853]
synonym: "corpus (caudatus)" EXACT [FMA:61853]
xref: FMA:61853 ! Body of caudate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1217 ! Body of caudate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001873 ! caudate nucleus
xref: SCTID:314175006 ! Entire body of caudate nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002631
name: cerebral crus
def: "The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, the plural of which is cerebral crura. In some older texts, it is used as a synonym for the entire cerebral peduncle, not just the anterior portion of it. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cerebral_crus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cerebral peduncle (clinical definition)" EXACT [FMA:72464]
synonym: "crus cerebri" EXACT [EV:0100243]
synonym: "base of cerebral peduncle" RELATED  [BTO:0004677]
synonym: "crus cerebri" RELATED  [BTO:0004677]
synonym: "crura cerebri" EXACT [MA:0001056]
xref: MA:0001056 ! crura cerebri
xref: BTO:0004677 ! basis pedunculi cerebri
xref: FMA:72464 ! Cerebral crus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1218 ! Cerebral crus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png
xref: EV:0100243 ! crus cerebri
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002623 {source="BTO"} ! cerebral peduncle
xref: ncithesaurus:Crus_Cerebri ! Crus Cerebri
synonym: "crus cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebral_crus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001891 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! midbrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002632
name: medial part of medial mammillary nucleus
synonym: "medial mammillary nucleus (carpenter)" EXACT []
synonym: "medial mammillary nucleus, medial part" EXACT [FMA:62345]
synonym: "medial mammillary nucleus, median part" EXACT [FMA:62345]
synonym: "medial subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62345]
xref: FMA:62345 ! Medial part of medial mammillary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1220 ! Medial part of medial mammillary nucleus
xref: ABA:Mmme ! Medial mammillary nucleus, median part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002634
name: anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
def: "The Anterior hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. Its function is thermoregulation (the maintenance of body temperature between certain parameters) of the body. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior hypothalamic area" EXACT [FMA:62319]
synonym: "anterior hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62319]
synonym: "fundamental gray substance" EXACT [FMA:62319]
synonym: "parvocellular nucleus of hypothalamus" EXACT [FMA:62319]
synonym: "nucleus anterior hypothalami" RELATED [BTO:0002450]
xref: FMA:62319 ! Anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1226 ! Anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: BTO:0002450 ! anterior hypothalamic nucleus
xref: GAID:642 ! anterior hypothalamic nucleu
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG/200px-HypothalamicNuclei.PNG
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.342.063 ! anterior hypothalamic nucleu
xref: EV:0100231 ! anterior nucleus
xref: ABA:AHN ! Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Hy-HAA ! anterior hypothalamic area
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001928 ! preoptic area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002206 {source="ABA"} ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002035 {source="ABA"} ! medial preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002706 {source="ABA"} ! posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001935 {source="ABA"} ! ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
synonym: "area hypothalamica rostralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62319]
xref: SCTID:369133009 ! Entire anterior hypothalamic nucleus
synonym: "nucleus anterior hypothalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/HypothalamicNuclei.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002636
name: lateral pulvinar nucleus
synonym: "lateral pulvinar nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62181]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris lateralis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris lateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228]
xref: FMA:62181 ! Lateral pulvinar nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1228 ! Lateral pulvinar nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-Pl-Pll ! lateral nucleus of pulvinar
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002637
name: ventral anterior nucleus
def: "The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_anterior_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62184]
synonym: "ventral anterior thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62184]
synonym: "nucleus lateropolaris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis anterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis anterior thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis thalami anterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232]
synonym: "ventroanterior thalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232]
synonym: "ventroanterior nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62184 ! Ventral anterior nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1232 ! Ventral anterior nucleus
xref: BTO:0002468 ! ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: EV:0100199 ! anterior ventral thalamic nucleus (also: UBERON:0002685 'anteroventral nucleus')
xref: BM:Die-Th-VA ! ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
xref: SCTID:279131008 ! Entire ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus
xref: ncithesaurus:Ventroanterior_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus ! Ventroanterior Nucleus of the Thalamus
synonym: "nucleus ventralis anterior thalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ventral_anterior_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: UMLS:C0175276

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002638
name: medial pulvinar nucleus
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1233]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris medialis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1233]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1233]
xref: FMA:62182 ! Medial pulvinar nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1233 ! Medial pulvinar nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-Pl-Plm ! medial nucleus of pulvinar
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002641
name: oral pulvinar nucleus
synonym: "anterior pulvinar nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62180]
synonym: "oral nuclear group of pulvinar" EXACT [FMA:62180]
synonym: "oral part of pulvinar" EXACT [FMA:62180]
synonym: "oral portion of pulvinar" EXACT [FMA:62180]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris oralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1239]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris oralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1239]
xref: FMA:62180 ! Oral pulvinar nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1239 ! Oral pulvinar nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-Pl-Pla ! anterior nucleus of pulvinar
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris anterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62180]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007418 ! decussation of neuraxis
name: decussation of neuraxis
synonym: "neuraxis decussation" EXACT  [FMA:83858]
xref: FMA:83858 ! decussation of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002643
name: decussation of medial lemniscus
def: "The sensory decussation or decussation of the lemniscus is a decussation or cross over of axons from the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus. The fibres of this decussation are called the internal arcuate fibres and are found at the superior aspect of the closed medulla superior to the motor decussation. It is part of the second neuron in the Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sensory_decussation]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "decussation of lemnisci" EXACT [FMA:72622]
synonym: "decussation of lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72622]
synonym: "decussation of medial lemnisci" EXACT [FMA:72622]
synonym: "medial lemniscus decussation" EXACT [FMA:72622]
synonym: "medullary sensory decussation" EXACT [FMA:72622]
synonym: "sensory decussation" EXACT [FMA:72622]
xref: FMA:72622 ! Decussation of medial lemniscus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1245 ! Decussation of medial lemniscus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray759.png/200px-Gray759.png
xref: BM:Me-LMX ! decussation of medial lemniscus
is_a: UBERON:0007418 ! decussation of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "decussatio lemnisci medialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sensory_decussation]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray759.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002644
name: intermediate orbital gyrus
xref: FMA:80183 ! Intermediate orbital gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1247 ! Intermediate orbital gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0007193 ! orbital gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002645
name: densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis paralamellaris (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1255]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars densocellularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1255]
xref: FMA:62163 ! Densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1255 ! Densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002646
name: dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of medulla
def: "A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a medulla [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bundle of Schutz of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fasciculus of Schutz of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla bundle of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla dorsal longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla fasciculus of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla posterior longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior longitudinal fasciculus of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72617 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1257 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of medulla
is_a: UBERON:0003045 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003045 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002649
name: dorsolateral fasciculus of medulla
def: "." [Wikipedia:Lissauer's_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsolateral tract" EXACT [FMA:72616]
synonym: "lissauer's tract" EXACT [FMA:72616]
synonym: "posterolateral fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:72616]
synonym: "posterolateral tract" EXACT [FMA:72616]
synonym: "tract of lissauer" EXACT []
synonym: "zone of lissauer" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72616 ! Dorsolateral fasciculus of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1267 ! Dorsolateral fasciculus of medulla
xref: ncithesaurus:Tract_of_Lissauer ! Tract of Lissauer
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "tractus posterolateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72616]
xref: SCTID:369287009 ! Entire dorsolateral tract
xref: UMLS:C0228587

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002650
name: paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus
synonym: "dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, paralaminar part" EXACT [FMA:62160]
synonym: "paralaminar part of dorsomedial nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62160]
synonym: "paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62160]
synonym: "pars paralaminaris of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62160]
synonym: "ventral mediodorsal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62160]
synonym: "mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, paralaminar part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis caudalis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami, pars multiformis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars multiformis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars paralaminaris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276]
xref: FMA:62160 ! Paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1276 ! Paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
synonym: "pars paralaminaris nuclei mediodorsalis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62160]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002651
name: anterior horn of lateral ventricle
def: "The anterior cornu (frontal horn, anterior horn; precornu) of the lateral ventricle passes forward and lateralward, with a slight inclination downward, from the interventricular foramen into the frontal lobe, curving around the anterior end of the caudate nucleus. Its floor is formed by the upper surface of the reflected portion of the corpus callosum, the rostrum. It is bounded medially by the anterior portion of the septum pellucidum, and laterally by the head of the caudate nucleus. Its apex reaches the posterior surface of the genu of the corpus callosum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior horn of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:74520]
synonym: "frontal horn of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:74520]
xref: FMA:74520 ! Frontal horn of lateral ventricle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1279 ! Anterior horn of lateral ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray735.png/200px-Gray735.png
is_a: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
synonym: "cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74520]
xref: ncithesaurus:Frontal_Horn_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle ! Frontal Horn of the Lateral Ventricle
xref: SCTID:279247001 ! Entire anterior horn of lateral ventricle
synonym: "cornu anterius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray735.png
xref: UMLS:C0152281

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002654
name: parvicellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
synonym: "dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part" EXACT [FMA:62162]
synonym: "lateral mediodorsal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62162]
synonym: "lateral nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62162]
synonym: "parvicellular part of dorsomedial nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62162]
synonym: "parvocellular nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62162]
synonym: "principal division of ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62162]
synonym: "mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, pars fasciculosa" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis fasciculosis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus fasciculosis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars parvicellularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283]
xref: FMA:62162 ! Parvicellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1283 ! Parvicellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
synonym: "pars parvocellularis lateralis nuclei mediodorsalis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62162]
synonym: "pars principalis nuclei ventralis anterior thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62162]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002655
name: body of lateral ventricle
def: "The body of lateral ventricle (cella) extends from the interventricular foramen to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is an irregularly curved cavity, triangular on transverse section, with a roof, a floor, and a medial wall. The roof is formed by the under surface of the corpus callosum; the floor by the following parts, enumerated in their order of position, from before backward: the caudate nucleus of the corpus striatum, the stria terminalis and the terminal vein, the lateral portion of the upper surface of the thalamus, the choroid plexus, and the lateral part of the fornix; the medial wall is the posterior part of the septum pellucidum, which separates it from the opposite ventricle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central part of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83703]
synonym: "lateral ventricular body" EXACT [FMA:83703]
xref: FMA:83703 ! Body of lateral ventricle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1287 ! Body of lateral ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray735.png/200px-Gray735.png
is_a: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
synonym: "pars centralis ventriculi lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83703]
xref: ncithesaurus:Body_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle ! Body of the Lateral Ventricle
xref: SCTID:279246005 ! Entire body of lateral ventricle
synonym: "pars centralis ventriculi lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray735.png
xref: UMLS:C0152280

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002656
name: periamygdaloid area
synonym: "para-amygdaloid cortex" EXACT [FMA:62485]
synonym: "periamygdaloid cortex" EXACT [FMA:62485]
synonym: "periamygdaloid region" EXACT [FMA:62485]
synonym: "semilunar gyrus" EXACT [FMA:62485]
synonym: "ventral cortical nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:62485]
xref: FMA:62485 ! Periamygdaloid area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1291 ! Periamygdaloid area
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-PAM ! periamygdaloid area
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002657
name: posterior parahippocampal gyrus
synonym: "parahippocampal gyrus (amaral)" EXACT []
synonym: "parahippocampal gyrus (insausti)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1295]
xref: FMA:67966 ! Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1295 ! Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002658
name: medial lemniscus of midbrain
def: "A medial lemniscus that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain medial lemniscus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72461 ! Medial lemniscus of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1296 ! Medial lemniscus of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0003002 ! medial lemniscus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003002 ! medial lemniscus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002659
name: superior medullary velum
def: "The superior medullary velum (anterior medullary velum, valve of Vieussens) is a thin, transparent of white substance, which stretches between the superior cerebellar peduncles; on the dorsal surface of its lower half the folia and lingula are prolonged. It forms, together with the superior cerebellar peduncle, the roof of the upper part of the fourth ventricle; it is narrow above, where it passes beneath the inferior colliculi, and broader below, where it is continuous with the white substance of the superior vermis. A slightly elevated ridge, the fraenulum veli, descends upon its upper part from between the inferior colliculi, and on either side of this the trochlear nerve emerges. Blood is supplied by branches from the superior cerebellar artery. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_medullary_velum]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior medullary velum" EXACT [FMA:74508]
xref: FMA:74508 ! Superior medullary velum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1300 ! Superior medullary velum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gray701.png/200px-Gray701.png
is_a: UBERON:0003035 ! regional part of cerebellar white matter
xref: SCTID:369269006 ! Entire superior medullary velum
synonym: "velum medullare superius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_medullary_velum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Gray701.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002660
name: medial longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain
def: "A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain medial longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72454 ! Medial longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1302 ! Medial longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0002309 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002309 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002661
name: superior frontal gyrus
def: "The superior frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. It is bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "marginal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61857]
synonym: "superior frontal convolution" EXACT [FMA:61857]
xref: FMA:61857 ! Superior frontal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1303 ! Superior frontal gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Frontal_Convolution ! Superior Frontal Convolution
xref: EFO:0001991 ! superior frontal gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Superior_frontal_gyrus.png/200px-Superior_frontal_gyrus.png
xref: BTO:0004836 ! superior frontal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 ! frontal lobe
xref: SCTID:279166005 ! Entire superior frontal gyrus
synonym: "gyrus frontalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Superior_frontal_gyrus.png
xref: UMLS:C0152296

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002662
name: medial pes lemniscus
synonym: "superficial pes lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72460]
xref: FMA:72460 ! Medial pes lemniscus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1310 ! Medial pes lemniscus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002663
name: septal nuclear complex
def: "The septal nuclei are structures in the middle anteroventral cerebrum that are composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens. In the 1950s, Olds &amp; Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self-stimulate repeatedly in order to experience a euphoric feeling (i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Septal_nuclei]
comment: TODO - nucleus vs nuclear complex
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "parolfactory nuclei" EXACT [FMA:61845]
synonym: "septal nuclei" EXACT [FMA:61845]
synonym: "septal nucleus" EXACT [MA:0002978]
xref: FMA:61845 ! Septal nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1313 ! Septal nuclear complex
xref: GAID:637 ! septal nuclei
xref: MA:0002978 ! septal nucleus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.750.800 ! septal nuclei
xref: EHDAA2:0004709 ! septal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000446 ! septum of telencephalon
synonym: "nuclei septales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Septal_nuclei]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002664
name: lateral part of medial mammillary nucleus
synonym: "intercalated mammillary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62346]
synonym: "intermediate mammillary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62346]
synonym: "lateral mammillary nucleus (gagel)" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62346]
synonym: "medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part" EXACT [FMA:62346]
xref: FMA:62346 ! Lateral part of medial mammillary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1314 ! Lateral part of medial mammillary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002665
name: supracallosal gyrus
def: "The supracallosal gyrus (indusium griseum; gyrus epicallosus) consists of a thin layer of grey matter in contact with the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum and continuous laterally with the grey matter of the cingulate gyrus. It contains two longitudinally directed strands of fibers termed respectively the medial and lateral longitudinal striae. The supracallosal gyrus is prolonged around the splenium of the corpus callosum as a delicate lamina, the fasciola cinerea, which is continuous below with the fascia dentata hippocampi. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Supracallosal_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "supracommissural hippocampal rudiment" EXACT [FMA:61920]
synonym: "supracommissural hippocampus" EXACT [FMA:61920]
xref: FMA:61920 ! Supracallosal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1316 ! Supracallosal gyrus
xref: BTO:0003738 ! tenia tecta
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
xref: SCTID:369231001 ! Entire supracallosal gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002666
name: mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
synonym: "mesencephalic root of v" EXACT []
synonym: "mesencephalic trigeminal tract" EXACT [FMA:72489]
xref: FMA:72489 ! Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1318 ! Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
xref: SCTID:369263007 ! Entire trigeminal nerve mesencephalic tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002667
name: lateral septal nucleus
synonym: "lateral parolfactory nucleus" EXACT [FMA:61878]
synonym: "lateral septum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1321]
synonym: "lateral septal nucleus (cajal)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1321]
synonym: "lateral septum nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1321]
xref: FMA:61878 ! Lateral septal nucleus (also: UBERON:0007628 'lateral septal complex')
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1321 ! Lateral septal nucleus
xref: ABA:LS ! Lateral septal nucleus
xref: BM:Tel-Spt-SLN ! lateral septal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001878 {source="ABA"} ! septofimbrial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007630 {source="ABA"} ! septohippocampal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002668
name: oculomotor nerve fibers
comment: todo - make subclass of root of cranial nerve
synonym: "oculomotor nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72457]
synonym: "root of oculomotor nerve" EXACT [FMA:72457]
synonym: "central part of oculomotor nerve" EXACT [FMA:72457]
xref: FMA:72457 ! Central part of oculomotor nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1323 ! Oculomotor nerve fibers
is_a: UBERON:0002211 ! nerve root
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002669
name: anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus
synonym: "anterior branch of lateral sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83760]
synonym: "anterior horizontal limb of lateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83760]
synonym: "anterior horizontal ramus of lateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83760]
synonym: "anterior ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83760]
synonym: "horizontal limb of lateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83760]
synonym: "horizontal ramus of sylvian fissure" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83760 ! Anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1327 ! Anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
synonym: "ramus anterior sulci lateralis cerebri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83760]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002670
name: anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus
synonym: "anterior ascending limb of lateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83759]
synonym: "anterior ascending ramus of lateral sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83759]
synonym: "ascending branch of lateral sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83759]
synonym: "ascending ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83759]
synonym: "ascending ramus of sylvian fissure" EXACT []
synonym: "middle ramus of lateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83759]
synonym: "superior branch of lateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83759]
xref: FMA:83759 ! Anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1330 ! Anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
synonym: "ramus ascendens sulci lateralis cerebri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83759]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002671
name: pallidotegmental fasciculus
synonym: "pallidotegmental tract" EXACT [FMA:72458]
xref: FMA:72458 ! Pallidotegmental fasciculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1331 ! Pallidotegmental fasciculus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002672
name: anterior subcentral sulcus
xref: FMA:83765 ! Anterior subcentral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1332 ! Anterior subcentral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002675
name: diagonal sulcus
xref: FMA:83758 ! Diagonal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1344 ! Diagonal sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002676
name: ventral supraoptic decussation
def: "The ventral supraoptic decussation is the crossover point for signals from the left and right eye, en route respectively to the right and left sides of the visual cortex. Occupying the posterior part of the commissure of the optic chiasma is a strand of fibers, the Ventral supraoptic decussation (commissure of Gudden, Gudden's inferior commissure), which is not derived from the optic nerves; it forms a connecting link between the medial geniculate bodies. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_supraoptic_decussation]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Gudden commissure" EXACT [FMA:62052]
synonym: "Gudden's commissure" EXACT [FMA:62052]
synonym: "supraoptic commissures, ventral" EXACT [FMA:62052]
synonym: "ventral supra-optic commissure" EXACT [FMA:62052]
synonym: "commissure of Gudden" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1347]
synonym: "ventral supraoptic commissure (of Meynert)" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1347]
synonym: "ventral supraoptic decussation" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1347]
synonym: "VSOX" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1347]
synonym: "von Gudden's commissure" EXACT [FMA:62052]
xref: FMA:62052 ! Ventral supraoptic decussation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1347 ! Ventral supraoptic decussation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gray722.png/200px-Gray722.png
is_a: UBERON:0001020 {source="FMA"} ! commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002550 {source="FMA"} ! anterior hypothalamic region
synonym: "commissura supraoptica ventralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62052]
synonym: "commissura supraoptica ventralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ventral_supraoptic_decussation]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Gray722.png
synonym: "ventral supraoptic decussation of gudden" RELATED [FMA:62052]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002677
name: regional part of medullary raphe nuclear complex
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a medullary raphe nuclear complex [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medullary raphe nuclear complex segment" EXACT [FMA:83951]
synonym: "segment of medullary raphe nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1349]
xref: FMA:83951 ! Segment of medullary raphe nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1349 ! Regional part of medullary raphe nuclear complex
is_a: UBERON:0002678 ! regional part of medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002692 ! medullary raphe nuclear complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002678
name: regional part of medulla oblongata
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a medulla oblongata [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medullary oblongata segment" EXACT [FMA:71011]
synonym: "segment of medulla oblongata" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1355]
xref: FMA:71011 ! Segment of medulla oblongata
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1355 ! Regional part of medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:119241003 ! Medulla oblongata part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002679
name: anterodorsal nucleus
synonym: "anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62141]
synonym: "anterodorsal thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62141]
synonym: "anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
synonym: "nucleus anterior dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
synonym: "nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
synonym: "nucleus anterior thalami dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
synonym: "nucleus anterodorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
synonym: "nucleus anterodorsalis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
synonym: "nucleus anterodorsalis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
synonym: "nucleus anterosuperior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
synonym: "nucleus thalamicus anterodorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358]
xref: FMA:62141 ! Anterodorsal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1358 ! Anterodorsal nucleus
xref: ABA:AD ! Anterodorsal nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-AD ! anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002681 {source="ABA"} ! anteromedial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002685 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002984 {source="ABA"} ! lateral dorsal nucleus
xref: SCTID:279127002 ! Entire anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002680
name: regional part of metencephalon
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a metencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metencephalon subdivision" EXACT [FMA:67942]
synonym: "segment of metencephalon" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1361]
xref: FMA:67942 ! Segment of metencephalon
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1361 ! Regional part of metencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002681
name: anteromedial nucleus
synonym: "anteromedial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62142]
synonym: "anteromedial thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62142]
synonym: "anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365]
synonym: "nucleus anterior medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365]
synonym: "nucleus anterior medialis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365]
synonym: "nucleus anterior thalami medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365]
synonym: "nucleus anteromedialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365]
synonym: "nucleus anteromedialis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365]
synonym: "nucleus anteromedialis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365]
synonym: "nucleus thalamicus anteromedialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365]
xref: FMA:62142 ! Anteromedial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1365 ! Anteromedial nucleus
xref: ABA:AM ! Anteromedial nucleus
xref: BM:Die-AM ! anteromedial nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002679 {source="ABA"} ! anterodorsal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002685 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002984 {source="ABA"} ! lateral dorsal nucleus
xref: SCTID:279128007 ! Entire anteromedial nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002682
name: abducens nucleus
def: "The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. This nucleus is located beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons, medial to the sulcus limitans. The abducens nucleus along with the internal genu of the facial nerve make up the facial colliculus, a hump at the caudal end of the medial eminence on the dorsal aspect of the pons. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Abducens_nucleus]
comment: part of medulla oblongata in ABA and ZFA; part of pons in MA and pontine tegmentum in NIF; note that pons/medulla are spatially disjoint in ABA. 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "abducens nerve nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54504]
synonym: "abducent nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54504]
synonym: "nucleus of abducens nerve" EXACT [FMA:54504]
synonym: "nucleus of abducens nerve (VI)" EXACT [FMA:54504]
synonym: "sixth cranial nerve nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54504]
synonym: "abducens VI nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001010]
synonym: "abducens motor nucleus" EXACT [ZFA:0000713]
synonym: "motor nucleus VI" EXACT [ZFA:0000713]
synonym: "nVI" EXACT [ZFA:0000713]
xref: FMA:54504 ! Abducens nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1366 ! Abducens nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000713 ! abducens motor nucleus
xref: MA:0001010 ! abducens VI nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Abducens_Nucleus ! Abducens Nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray696.png/200px-Gray696.png
xref: EV:0100266 ! abducent nucleus
xref: ABA:VI ! Abducens nucleus
xref: BM:Pons-VI ! abducens nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000126 {source="FMA"} ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 {source="MA", source="NIF", source="GO", conflicts="ZFA", conflicts="ABA"} ! pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus
synonym: "nucleus nervi abducentis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54504]
xref: SCTID:280165008 ! Entire abducens nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004310 ! abducens nucleus
xref: TAO:0000713 ! abducens motor nuclei
synonym: "nucleus nervi abducentis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abducens_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain motor nucleus which is the origin of motor axons of cranial nerve VI. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000713", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ISBN:3764351209"}
synonym: "abducens motor nuclei" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0000713]
xref: UMLS:C0152407

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002683
name: rhinal sulcus
def: "In the human brain, the rhinencephalon appears as a longitudinal elevation, with a corresponding internal furrow, on the under surface of the hemisphere close to the lamina terminalis; it is separated from the lateral surface of the hemisphere by a furrow, the external rhinal fissure (or rhinal sulcus), and is continuous behind with that part of the hemisphere, which will ultimately form the anterior end of the temporal lobe. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Rhinal_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "rhinal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83746]
synonym: "fissura rhinalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1368]
synonym: "sulcus rhinalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1368]
synonym: "rhinal fissuer (turner, rezius)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1368]
xref: FMA:83746 ! Rhinal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1368 ! Rhinal sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-RS ! rhinal sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279357002 ! Entire rhinal sulcus
synonym: "sulcus rhinalis; fissura rhinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rhinal_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gehirn,_basal_-_beschriftet_lat.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002685
name: anteroventral nucleus
synonym: "anterior ventral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62143]
synonym: "anteroprincipal thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62143]
synonym: "anteroventral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62143]
synonym: "anteroventral thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62143]
synonym: "anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372]
synonym: "nucleus anterior thalami ventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372]
synonym: "nucleus anterior ventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372]
synonym: "nucleus anteroinferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372]
synonym: "nucleus anteroventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372]
synonym: "nucleus anteroventralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372]
synonym: "nucleus thalamicus anteroprincipalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372]
synonym: "nucleus thalamicus anteroventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372]
xref: FMA:62143 ! Anteroventral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1372 ! Anteroventral nucleus
xref: EV:0100199 ! anterior ventral thalamic nucleus (also: UBERON:0002637 'ventral anterior nucleus')
xref: ABA:AV ! Anteroventral nucleus of thalamus
xref: BM:Die-AV ! anteroventral nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002679 {source="ABA"} ! anterodorsal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002681 {source="ABA"} ! anteromedial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002984 {source="ABA"} ! lateral dorsal nucleus
xref: SCTID:279130009 ! Entire anteroventral nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002686
name: angular gyrus
def: "The angular gyrus is a region of the brain in the parietal lobe, that lies near the superior edge of the temporal lobe, and immediately posterior to the supramarginal gyrus; it is involved in a number of processes related to language, mathematics and cognition. It is Brodmann area 39 of the human brain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Angular_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "middle part of inferior parietal lobule" EXACT [FMA:61898]
synonym: "preoccipital gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61898]
xref: FMA:61898 ! Angular gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1376 ! Angular gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Angular_Gyrus ! Angular Gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
xref: SCTID:279186009 ! Entire angular gyrus
synonym: "gyrus angularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Angular_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Surfacegyri.JPG
xref: UMLS:C0152305

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002687
name: area X
synonym: "anteromedial part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (jones)" EXACT []
synonym: "area x of olszewski" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs ventralis medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis oralis, pars posterior (dewulf)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379]
synonym: "nucleus ventrooralis internus (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379]
synonym: "nucleus ventrooralis internus, superior part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379]
xref: FMA:62198 ! Area X
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1379 ! Area X
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001925 ! ventral lateral nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002689
name: supraoptic crest
def: "one of the circumventricular organs of the brain. The OVLT is outside the blood brain barrier, and so neurons in this region can respond to factors that are present in the systemic circulation." [Wikipedia:Organum_vasculosum_of_the_lamina_terminalis, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3474225&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: AO notes: NIF has two classes here
synonym: "vascular organ of lamina terminalis" EXACT [FMA:62315]
synonym: "prechiasmatic gland" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1400]
synonym: "organum vasculosum lamina terminalis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100313]
synonym: "organum vasculosum laminae terminalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:62315 ! Supraoptic crest
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1400 ! Supraoptic crest
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100313 ! Organum vasculosum lamina terminalis
xref: ABA:OV ! Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis
xref: MA:0003018 ! supraoptic crest
is_a: UBERON:0010135 {source="MA"} ! sensory circumventricular organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002550 {source="FMA"} ! anterior hypothalamic regio
relationship: superficial_to UBERON:0000201 {source="Wikipedia"} ! endothelial blood brain barrier
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002690 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral periventricular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001934 {source="ABA"} ! dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002625 {source="ABA"} ! median preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007626 {source="ABA"} ! subparaventricular zone
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002034 {source="ABA"} ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002219 {source="ABA"} ! subfornical organ
synonym: "organum vasculosum laminae terminalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62315]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001929
name: supraoptic nucleus
def: "The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm. In humans, it contains about 3,000 neurons. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Supraoptic_nucleus, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3474225&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "supra-optic nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus supraopticus" EXACT [BTO:0002697]
xref: FMA:62317 ! Supraoptic nucleus
xref: GAID:646 ! supraoptic nucleu
xref: MA:0000849 ! supraoptic nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1411 ! Supraoptic nucleus
xref: BTO:0002697 ! supraoptic nucleus
xref: EFO:0002476 ! supraoptic nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/SONss.jpg/200px-SONss.jpg
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.342.650 ! supraoptic nucleu
xref: EV:0100227 ! supraoptic nucleus
xref: ABA:SO ! Supraoptic nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Hy-SON ! supraoptic nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002550 {source="FMA"} ! anterior hypothalamic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002271 {source="MA", source="ABA"} ! periventricular zone of hypothalamus
relationship: capable_of GO:0030103 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vasopressin secretion
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001932 {source="ABA"} ! arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001930 {source="ABA"} ! paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: SCTID:369130007 ! Entire supraoptic nucleus
synonym: "nucleus supraopticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Supraoptic_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/SONss.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002690
name: anteroventral periventricular nucleus
xref: FMA:62314 ! Anteroventral periventricular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1401 ! Anteroventral periventricular nucleus
xref: ABA:AVPV ! Anteroventral periventricular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001934 {source="ABA"} ! dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002625 {source="ABA"} ! median preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002689 {source="ABA"} ! supraoptic crest
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007626 {source="ABA"} ! subparaventricular zone
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002034 {source="ABA"} ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002219 {source="ABA"} ! subfornical organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002691
name: ventral tegmental area
def: "The ventral tegmentum (tegmentum is Latin for covering), better known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain. The VTA, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_tegmental_area]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ventral tegmental area of tsai" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral tegmental nucleus (tsai)" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral tegmental nucleus of tsai" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72438 ! Ventral tegmental area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1415 ! Ventral tegmental area
xref: EFO:0001935 ! ventral tegmental area
xref: GAID:587 ! ventral tegmental area
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gray712.png/200px-Gray712.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.822.820 ! ventral tegmental area
xref: ABA:VTA ! Ventral tegmental area
xref: BM:MB-VTA ! ventral tegmental area
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gray712.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002693
name: occipitotemporal sulcus
synonym: "inferior temporal fissure" EXACT [FMA:74518]
synonym: "inferior temporal sulcus (roberts)" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior temporal sulcus (szikla)" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior temporal sulcus-2" EXACT [FMA:74518]
synonym: "occipito-temporal sulcus" EXACT [FMA:74518]
synonym: "third temporal sulcus" EXACT [FMA:74518]
synonym: "inferior temporal fissure (crosby)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1422]
synonym: "lateral occipitotemporal sulcus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1422]
xref: FMA:74518 ! Occipitotemporal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1422 ! Occipitotemporal sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-OTS ! occipito-temporal sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:369220009 ! Entire occipitotemporal sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011590
name: commissure of diencephalon
synonym: "diencephalon commissure" EXACT  [FMA:62445]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: FMA:62445 ! commissure of diencephalon
def: "A commissure that is part of a diencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002694
name: anterior hypothalamic commissure
synonym: "anterior hypothalamic commissure (Ganser)" EXACT  [FMA:62053]
synonym: "anterior hypothalamic decussation of Ganser" EXACT  [FMA:62053]
xref: FMA:62053 ! Anterior hypothalamic commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1424 ! Anterior hypothalamic commissure
is_a: UBERON:0001020 {source="FMA"} ! commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002695
name: parieto-occipital sulcus
def: "Only a small part of the Parietooccipital Fissure (or parieto-occipital sulcus) is seen on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, its chief part being on the medial surface. The lateral part of the parietooccipital fissure (Fig. 726) is situated about 5 cm. in front of the occipital pole of the hemisphere, and measures about 1.25 cm. in length. The medial part of the parietooccipital fissure (Fig. 727) runs downward and forward as a deep cleft on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and joins the calcarine fissure below and behind the posterior end of the corpus callosum. In most cases it contains a submerged gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Parieto-occipital_sulcus]
comment: AO notes - two classes in ncit (in general ncit distinguishes between fissue and sulcus, whereas FMA treats these as exact synonyms)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "parieto-occipital fissure" EXACT [FMA:83754]
synonym: "parieto-occipital incisure" EXACT [FMA:83754]
synonym: "parietooccipital sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83754]
synonym: "fissura parieto-occipitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428]
synonym: "sulcus parieto-occipitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428]
synonym: "sulcus parieto-occipitalis medialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428]
synonym: "sulcus parietoccipitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428]
synonym: "sulcus parietooccipitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428]
xref: FMA:83754 ! Parieto-occipital sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1428 ! Parieto-occipital sulcus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7l_DJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Parieto-occipital_Fissure ! Parieto-Occipital Fissure
xref: ncithesaurus:Parieto-occipital_Sulcus ! Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7l_DJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! parieto-occipital sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gray726_parieto-occipital_sulcus.png/200px-Gray726_parieto-occipital_sulcus.png
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-POS ! parieto-occipital sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279354009 ! Entire parieto-occipital fissure
synonym: "sulcus parietooccipitalis, fissura parietooccipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parieto-occipital_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Gray726_parieto-occipital_sulcus.png
xref: UMLS:C1744592

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002696
name: cuneiform nucleus
synonym: "parabigeminal area (mai)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72427 ! Cuneiform nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1430 ! Cuneiform nucleus
xref: ABA:CUN ! Cuneiform nucleus
xref: BM:MB-CNF ! cuneiform nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002697
name: dorsal supraoptic decussation
synonym: "commissure of Meynert" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal supra-optic commissure" EXACT [FMA:62051]
synonym: "dorsal supraoptic commissure" EXACT [FMA:62051]
synonym: "dorsal supraoptic commissure (of ganser)" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal supraoptic decussation of Meynert" EXACT []
synonym: "ganser's commissure" EXACT [FMA:62051]
synonym: "Meynert's commissure" EXACT [FMA:62051]
synonym: "supraoptic commissure of Meynert" EXACT []
synonym: "supraoptic commissures, dorsal" EXACT [FMA:62051]
synonym: "dorsal supraoptic decussation (of ganser)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1433]
synonym: "dorsal supraoptic decussation (of Meynert)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1433]
xref: FMA:62051 ! Dorsal supraoptic decussation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1433 ! Dorsal supraoptic decussation
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
synonym: "commissura supraoptica dorsalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62051]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002698
name: preoccipital notch
synonym: "occipital notch" EXACT [FMA:83739]
synonym: "preoccipital incisura" EXACT [FMA:83739]
synonym: "preoccipital incisure" EXACT [FMA:83739]
synonym: "incisura praeoccipitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1436]
synonym: "incisura preoccipitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1436]
synonym: "incisura parieto-occipitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1436]
xref: FMA:83739 ! Preoccipital notch
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1436 ! Preoccipital notch
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
xref: SCTID:369229005 ! Entire preoccipital notch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002699
name: supraopticohypophysial tract
synonym: "supra-opticohypophysial tract" EXACT [FMA:62054]
synonym: "supraopticohypophyseal tract" EXACT [FMA:62054]
xref: FMA:62054 ! Supraopticohypophysial tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1440 ! Supraopticohypophysial tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "tractus supraopticohypophysialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62054]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002700
name: subcuneiform nucleus
synonym: "subcuneiform area of midbrain" EXACT [FMA:72428]
xref: FMA:72428 ! Subcuneiform nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1441 ! Subcuneiform nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002701
name: anterior median oculomotor nucleus
synonym: "anterior median nucleus of oculomotor nerve" EXACT [FMA:72423]
xref: FMA:72423 ! Anterior median oculomotor nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1445 ! Anterior median oculomotor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002702
name: middle frontal gyrus
def: "The middle frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. (A gyrus is one of the prominent 'bumps' or 'ridges' on the surface of the human brain. ) The middle frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus. The borders of the middle frontal gyrus are the inferior frontal sulcus below; the superior frontal sulcus above; and the precentral sulcus behind. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Middle_frontal_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intermediate frontal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61859]
synonym: "medial frontal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61859]
xref: FMA:61859 ! Middle frontal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1451 ! Middle frontal gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Frontal_Gyrus ! Middle Frontal Gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Middle_frontal_gyrus.png/200px-Middle_frontal_gyrus.png
xref: BTO:0004834 ! middle frontal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 ! frontal lobe
synonym: "gyrus frontalis medialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61859]
xref: SCTID:362332009 ! Entire middle frontal gyrus
synonym: "gyrus frontalis medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_frontal_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Middle_frontal_gyrus.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002703
name: precentral gyrus
def: "The primary motor cortex (or M1) is a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto alpha motor neurons which connect to the muscles. Pre-motor areas are involved in planning actions (in concert with the basal ganglia) and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Precentral_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "precentral convolution" EXACT [FMA:61894]
synonym: "prerolandic gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61894]
xref: FMA:61894 ! Precentral gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1455 ! Precentral gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Precentral_Gyrus ! Precentral Gyrus
xref: EFO:0001373 ! precentral gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ba4.png/200px-Ba4.png
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 ! frontal lobe
xref: UMLS:C0152299

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002704
name: metathalamus
def: "The metathalamus is a composite structure of the thalamus, consisting of the medial geniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Metathalamus]
comment: note we follow FMA in making this a subtype of nucleus, but in fact it is a group containing two nuclei
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62023]
synonym: "nuclei metathalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1461]
xref: FMA:62023 ! Metathalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1461 ! Metathalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: EV:0100217 ! metathalamus
xref: ABA:GENd ! Geniculate group, dorsal thalamus
xref: MA:0000868 ! geniculate thalamic group
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004703 {source="MA"} ! dorsal thalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002144 {source="ABA"} ! peripeduncular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002776 {source="ABA"} ! ventral nuclear group
xref: SCTID:361550004 ! Entire metathalamus
synonym: "corpora geniculata" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Metathalamus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png
synonym: "geniculate thalamic group" EXACT [MA:0000868]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002706
name: posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
synonym: "posterior hypothalamic area" EXACT [FMA:62350]
synonym: "posterior hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62350]
synonym: "nucleus posterior hypothalami" RELATED [BTO:0002461]
xref: FMA:62350 ! Posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1463 ! Posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: BTO:0002461 ! posterior hypothalamic nucleus
xref: EV:0100235 ! posterior nucleus (also: UBERON:0002866 'caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus')
xref: ABA:PH ! Posterior hypothalamic nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Hy-HPA ! posterior hypothalamic area
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002634 {source="ABA"} ! anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002206 {source="ABA"} ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002035 {source="ABA"} ! medial preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001935 {source="ABA"} ! ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
synonym: "area hypothalamica posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62350]
xref: SCTID:362385002 ! Entire caudal area of hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002707
name: pyramidal tract
def: "The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. The corticospinal tract mostly contains motor axons. It actually consists of two separate tracts in the spinal cord: the lateral corticospinal tract and the medial corticospinal tract. An understanding of these tracts leads to an understanding of why for the most part, one side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain. Also the corticobulbar tract is considered to be a pyramidal tract. The corticobulbar tract carries signals that control motor neurons located in cranial nerve brain nuclei rather than motor neurons located in the spinal cord. The neurons of the pyramidal tracts are pyramidal neurons, but that is not how the pyramidal tract got its name, as most of the pyramidal neurons send their axons elsewhere. Instead, it got its name from the shape of the corticospinal axon tracts: when the pyramidal tract passes the medulla, it forms a dense bundle of nerve fibres that is shaped somewhat like a pyramid. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pyramidal_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:72634 ! Pyramidal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1464 ! Pyramidal tract
xref: GAID:702 ! pyramidal tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray684.png/200px-Gray684.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.854.633 ! pyramidal tract
xref: BM:Me-PyT ! pyramidal tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:362325000 ! Entire pyramidal tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002708
name: posterior periventricular nucleus
synonym: "periventricular nucleus, posterior subdivision" EXACT [FMA:62349]
synonym: "posterior periventricular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62349]
synonym: "posterior periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus" EXACT [FMA:62349]
synonym: "posterior periventricular hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1466]
synonym: "nucleus periventricularis posterior" RELATED [BTO:0002479]
xref: FMA:62349 ! Posterior periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1466 ! Posterior periventricular nucleus
xref: BTO:0002479 ! posterior periventricular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002709
name: posterior nuclear complex
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "posterior complex of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62024]
synonym: "posterior nuclear complex" EXACT [FMA:62024]
synonym: "posterior nuclear complex of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62024]
synonym: "posterior thalamic nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62024]
synonym: "posterior nuclear group of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62024]
synonym: "nuclei posteriores thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1467]
synonym: "posterior thalamic nucleus" RELATED [BTO:0002462]
xref: FMA:62024 ! Posterior nuclear group of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1467 ! Posterior nuclear complex
xref: BTO:0002462 ! posterior nuclear complex of thalamus
xref: ZFA:0000325 ! caudal thalamic nucleus (also: UBERON:0003030 'posterior nucleus of thalamus')
xref: ABA:PO ! Posterior complex of the thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002983 {source="ABA"} ! lateral posterior nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003033 {source="ABA"} ! suprageniculate nucleus
xref: SCTID:424395006 ! Entire nucleus of posterior nuclear group of thalamus
xref: TAO:0000325 ! caudal thalamic nucleus (also: UBERON:0003030 'posterior nucleus of thalamus')
synonym: "caudal thalamic nucleus" RELATED [TAO:0000325]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002710
name: cingulate sulcus
def: "The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus (brain fold) on the medial wall of the cerebral cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the cingulate sulcus from the cingulate gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cingulate_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "calloso-marginal sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83748]
synonym: "callosomarginal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83748]
synonym: "callosomarginal sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83748]
synonym: "cingulate fissure" EXACT [FMA:83748]
synonym: "sulcus callosomarginalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1468]
synonym: "sulcus cingulatus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1468]
synonym: "sulcus cinguli" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1468]
xref: FMA:83748 ! Cingulate sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1468 ! Cingulate sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gray727_cingulate_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray727_cingulate_sulcus.svg.png
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-CGS ! cingulate sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002967 ! cingulate gyrus
xref: SCTID:279350000 ! Entire cingulate sulcus
synonym: "sulcus cinguli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cingulate_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Gray727_cingulate_sulcus.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002711
name: nucleus of posterior commissure
synonym: "posterior commissure nucleus" EXACT [FMA:68463]
xref: FMA:68463 ! Nucleus of posterior commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1470 ! Nucleus of posterior commissure
xref: ABA:NPC ! Nucleus of the posterior commissure
xref: BM:NPC ! nucleus of posterior commissure
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002996 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of optic tract
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002565 {source="ABA"} ! olivary pretectal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006848 {source="ABA"} ! posterior pretectal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002712 ! premammillary nucleus
name: premammillary nucleus
synonym: "premammillary nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62348]
xref: FMA:62348 ! Premammillary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1473 ! Premammillary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0006568 {source="FMA"} ! hypothalamic nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002770 {source="FMA"} ! posterior hypothalamic region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007767
name: dorsal premammillary nucleus
xref: FMA:77006 ! dorsal premammillary nucleus
xref: ABA:PMd ! Dorsal premammillary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002712 ! premammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002634 {source="ABA"} ! anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002206 {source="ABA"} ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002035 {source="ABA"} ! medial preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002706 {source="ABA"} ! posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007768 {source="ABA"} ! ventral premammillary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007768
name: ventral premammillary nucleus
xref: FMA:77007 ! ventral premammillary nucleus
xref: ABA:PMv ! Ventral premammillary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002712 ! premammillary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002634 {source="ABA"} ! anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002206 {source="ABA"} ! mammillary body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002035 {source="ABA"} ! medial preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002706 {source="ABA"} ! posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007767 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal premammillary nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002713
name: circular sulcus of insula
def: "A marginal sulcus that is part of a insula [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "circular fissure" EXACT [FMA:83753]
synonym: "circular sulcus (of reil)" EXACT []
synonym: "circuminsular sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83753]
synonym: "limiting fissure" EXACT [FMA:83753]
synonym: "marginal sulcus of insula" EXACT [FMA:83753]
synonym: "central lobe marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "central lobe marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "central lobe marginal sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cortex of island marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cortex of island marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cortex of island marginal sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insula lobule marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insula lobule marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insula lobule marginal sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insula marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insula marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insula marginal sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular cortex marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular cortex marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular cortex marginal sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular lobe marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular lobe marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular lobe marginal sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular region marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular region marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "insular region marginal sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "island of reil marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "island of reil marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "island of reil marginal sulcus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of central lobe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of cortex of island" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insula lobule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular cortex" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular lobe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of insular region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus of island of reil" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of central lobe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of cortex of island" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insula lobule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular cortex" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular lobe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of insular region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus of island of reil" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal sulcus of central lobe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal sulcus of cortex of island" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal sulcus of insula lobule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal sulcus of insular cortex" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal sulcus of insular lobe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal sulcus of insular region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "marginal sulcus of island of reil" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sulcus circularis insulae" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475]
synonym: "sulcus marginalis insulae" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475]
synonym: "ciruclar insular sulcus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475]
synonym: "marginal insular sulcus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475]
xref: FMA:83753 ! Circular sulcus of insula
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1475 ! Circular sulcus of insula
is_a: UBERON:0002912 ! marginal sulcus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002912 ! marginal sulcus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002022 ! insula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002714
name: rubrospinal tract
def: "long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]." [Wikipedia:Rubrospinal_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "monakow's tract" EXACT [FMA:72640]
synonym: "rubrospinal tract (monakow)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1476]
xref: FMA:72640 ! Rubrospinal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1476 ! Rubrospinal tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:369264001 ! Entire rubrospinal tract
synonym: "tractus rubrospinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rubrospinal_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002715
name: spinal trigeminal tract of medulla
xref: FMA:72625 ! Spinal trigeminal tract of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1477 ! Spinal trigeminal tract of medulla
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002716
name: collateral sulcus
def: "The collateral fissure (or sulcus) is on the tentorial surface of the hemisphere and extends from near the occipital pole to within a short distance of the temporal pole. Behind, it lies below and lateral to the calcarine fissure, from which it is separated by the lingual gyrus; in front, it is situated between the hippocampal gyrus and the anterior part of the fusiform gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Collateral_fissure]
comment: AO notes: cnit has two distinct classes; FMA and NIF treat these as exact synonyms.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "collateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83751]
synonym: "sulcus collateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1480]
xref: FMA:83751 ! Collateral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1480 ! Collateral sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Collateral_Sulcus ! Collateral Sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Collateral_Fissure ! Collateral Fissure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray738.png/200px-Gray738.png
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279356006 ! Entire collateral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus collateralis, fissura collateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Collateral_fissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray738.png
xref: UMLS:C0228226

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002717
name: rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
def: "The rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) is a portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus which controls vertical gaze. They project to the vestibular nuclei. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Rostral_interstitial_nucleus_of_medial_longitudinal_fasciculus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "rostral interstitial nucleus of mlf" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72433 ! Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1481 ! Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gray710.png/200px-Gray710.png
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
synonym: "nucleus interstitialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rostral_interstitial_nucleus_of_medial_longitudinal_fasciculus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Gray710.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002719
name: spino-olivary tract
def: "The spino-olivary tract is located in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. This tract carries proprioception information from muscles and tendons as well as cutaneous impulses to the olivary nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Spino-olivary_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "helweg's tract" EXACT [FMA:72643]
xref: FMA:72643 ! Spino-olivary tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1484 ! Spino-olivary tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
xref: SCTID:362607001 ! Entire spino-olivary tract
synonym: "tractus spinoolivaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spino-olivary_tract]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002720
name: mammillary peduncle
synonym: "peduncle of mammillary body" EXACT [FMA:62061]
xref: FMA:62061 ! Mammillary peduncle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1486 ! Mammillary peduncle
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002770 {source="FMA"} ! posterior hypothalamic region
xref: SCTID:369146004 ! Entire mammillary peduncle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002722
name: trochlear nucleus
def: "The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus. It is a motor nucleus, so located near the midline. Oddly, fibers from the trochlear nucleus cross over in the midbrain at the superior medullary velum and exit posteriorly, (this is the only cranial nerve to do so). The nerve then goes around the midbrain, and is visible coming out the sides. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Trochlear_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "fourth cranial nerve nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54518]
synonym: "nucleus of trochlear nerve" EXACT [FMA:54518]
synonym: "trochlear IV nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001075]
synonym: "trochlear motor nucleus" EXACT [ZFA:0000450]
synonym: "motor nucleus IV" EXACT [ZFA:0000450]
synonym: "nIV" EXACT [ZFA:0000450]
xref: FMA:54518 ! Trochlear nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1488 ! Trochlear nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000450 ! trochlear motor nucleus
xref: MA:0001075 ! trochlear IV nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Drn.png/200px-Drn.png
xref: EV:0100251 ! trochlear nucleus
xref: ABA:IV ! Trochlear nucleus
xref: BM:MB-IV ! trochlear nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001644 ! trochlear nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus
synonym: "nucleus nervi trochlearis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54518]
xref: SCTID:280163001 ! Entire trochlear nucleus
xref: TAO:0000450 ! trochlear motor nucleus
synonym: "nucleus nervi trochlearis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trochlear_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Drn.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002723
name: mammillary princeps fasciculus
synonym: "principal mammillary fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:62057]
synonym: "principle mamillary fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:62057]
synonym: "principal mammillary tract" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1492]
xref: FMA:62057 ! Mammillary princeps fasciculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1492 ! Mammillary princeps fasciculus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002724
name: limen of insula
synonym: "angulus gyri olfactorii lateralis" EXACT [FMA:75266]
synonym: "insula limen" EXACT [FMA:75266]
synonym: "gyrus ambiens (noback)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1493]
synonym: "limen insulae" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1493]
xref: FMA:75266 ! Limen of insula
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1493 ! Limen of insula
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
xref: SCTID:369215009 ! Entire limen insulae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002727
name: medial medullary lamina
synonym: "inner medullary lamina" EXACT [FMA:62470]
synonym: "internal medullary lamina of corpus striatum" EXACT [FMA:62470]
synonym: "internal medullary lamina of globus pallidus" EXACT [FMA:62470]
synonym: "internal medullary lamina of lentiform nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62470]
synonym: "medial medullary lamina" EXACT [FMA:62470]
synonym: "medial medullary lamina of corpus striatum" EXACT [FMA:62470]
synonym: "medial medullary lamina of pallidum" EXACT [FMA:62470]
synonym: "medial medullary stria" EXACT [FMA:62470]
synonym: "medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus" EXACT [FMA:62470]
xref: FMA:62470 ! Medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1501 ! Medial medullary lamina
xref: BTO:0002251 ! lamina medullaris medialis corporis striati
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001875 ! globus pallidus
synonym: "lamina medullaris interna corporis striati" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62470]
synonym: "lamina medullaris medialis corporis striati" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62470]
xref: SCTID:369205003 ! Entire medial medullary lamina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002730
name: regional part of thalamus
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a thalamus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segment of thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1517]
synonym: "thalamus segment" EXACT [FMA:67705]
xref: FMA:67705 ! Segment of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1517 ! Regional part of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002784 ! regional part of diencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus
xref: SCTID:119406000 ! Thalamus part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002731
name: vestibulocochlear nerve root
synonym: "central part of vestibulocochlear nerve" EXACT [FMA:72499]
synonym: "statoacoustic nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72499]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72499]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear nerve roots" EXACT [FMA:72499]
synonym: "vestibulocochlear nerve tract" EXACT [FMA:72499]
xref: FMA:72499 ! Vestibulocochlear nerve tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1519 ! Vestibulocochlear nerve root
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002732
name: longitudinal pontine fibers
synonym: "longitudinal fasciculus of the pons" EXACT [FMA:72513]
synonym: "longitudinal pontine fibers" EXACT [FMA:72513]
synonym: "longitudinal pontine fibres" EXACT [FMA:72513]
synonym: "longitudinal pontine tract" EXACT [FMA:72513]
xref: FMA:72513 ! Longitudinal pontine tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1523 ! Longitudinal pontine fibers
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "fibrae pontis longitudinales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72513]
xref: SCTID:361544009 ! Entire longitudinal fasciculus of pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002733
name: intralaminar nuclear group
def: "The intralaminar nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that contains the following nuclei: central lateral centromedian (or 'central medial') paracentral parafascicular. Some sources also include a 'central dorsal' nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intralaminar_thalamic_nuclei]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intralaminar nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62021]
synonym: "intralaminar nuclei of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62021]
synonym: "intralaminar thalamic nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62021]
synonym: "nonspecific thalamic system" EXACT [FMA:62021]
synonym: "intralaminar nuclear group of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62021]
synonym: "nuclei intralaminares (thalami)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1530]
xref: FMA:62021 ! Intralaminar nuclear group of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1530 ! Intralaminar nuclear group
xref: GAID:660 ! intralaminar thalamic nuclei
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Thalmus.png/200px-Thalmus.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.460 ! intralaminar thalamic nuclei
xref: ABA:ILM ! Intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001899 {source="ABA"} ! epithalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002736 {source="ABA"} ! lateral nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001903 {source="ABA"} ! thalamic reticular nucleus
synonym: "nuclei intralaminares thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62021]
xref: SCTID:279159009 ! Entire nucleus of intralaminar nuclear group of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002734
name: superior temporal sulcus
synonym: "parallel sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83783]
synonym: "sulcus t1" EXACT [FMA:83783]
synonym: "superior temporal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83783]
xref: FMA:83783 ! Superior temporal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1534 ! Superior temporal sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Temporal_Sulcus ! Superior Temporal Sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-STS ! superior temporal sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279344005 ! Entire superior temporal sulcus
xref: UMLS:C0228237

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002735
name: transverse pontine fibers
synonym: "superficial transverse fibers of pons" EXACT [FMA:72514]
synonym: "transverse fibers of pons" EXACT [FMA:72514]
synonym: "transverse pontine fibers" EXACT [FMA:72514]
synonym: "transverse pontine fibres" EXACT [FMA:72514]
synonym: "transverse pontine tract" EXACT [FMA:72514]
xref: FMA:72514 ! Transverse pontine tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1535 ! Transverse pontine fibers
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "fibrae pontis transversae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72514]
xref: SCTID:79836003 ! Superficial transverse fibers of pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002736
name: lateral nuclear group
def: "The lateral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the lateral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following: lateral dorsal nucleus lateral posterior nucleus pulvinar [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_nuclear_group]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62174]
synonym: "lateral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62174]
synonym: "lateral thalamic nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62174]
synonym: "lateral nuclear group of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62174]
synonym: "lateral group of the dorsal thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537]
synonym: "lateral thalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537]
synonym: "nuclei laterales thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537]
synonym: "lateral thalamic group" EXACT [MA:0000862]
xref: FMA:62174 ! Lateral nuclear group of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1537 ! Lateral nuclear group
xref: GAID:661 ! lateral thalamic nuclei
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485 ! lateral thalamic nuclei
xref: EV:0100210 ! lateral thalamic nuclei
xref: ABA:LAT ! Lateral group of the dorsal thalamus
xref: MA:0000862 ! lateral thalamic group
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0000125 {source="FMA"} ! neural nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004703 {source="MA"} ! dorsal thalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001899 {source="ABA"} ! epithalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002733 {source="ABA"} ! intralaminar nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001903 {source="ABA"} ! thalamic reticular nucleus
xref: SCTID:279126006 ! Entire nucleus of lateral nuclear group of thalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002738
name: isthmus of cingulate gyrus
synonym: "cingulate gyrus isthmus" EXACT [FMA:62502]
synonym: "isthmus of fornicate gyrus" EXACT [FMA:62502]
synonym: "isthmus of limbic lobe" EXACT [FMA:62502]
xref: FMA:62502 ! Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1541 ! Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002967 ! cingulate gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002739 ! medial dorsal nucleus
name: medial dorsal nucleus
def: "The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It receives inputs from the Pre-Frontal Cortex and the Limbic System and in turn relays them to the Pre-Frontal Association Cortex. As a result, it plays a crucial role in attention, planning, organization, abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory. The connections of the medial dorsal nucleus have even been used to delineate the prefrontal cortex of the Göttingen minipig brain. By stereology the number of brain cells in the region has been estimated to around 6.43 million neurons in the adult human brain and 36.3 million glial cells, and with the newborn having quite different numbers: around 11.2 million neurons and 10.6 million glial cells. Lesions of the medial dorsal nucleus have been associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_dorsal_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "dorsomedial nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "dorsomedial nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "medial dorsal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "medial nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "medial thalamic nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "medial thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "mediodorsal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "mediodorsal thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "medial nuclear group of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62156]
synonym: "medial dorsal thalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1543]
synonym: "nucleus dorsomedialis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1543]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1543]
synonym: "nucleus mediodorsalis thalami" RELATED [BTO:0002453]
synonym: "mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [DHB:MD]
xref: FMA:62156 ! Medial nuclear group of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1543 ! Medial dorsal nucleus
xref: BTO:0002453 ! medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus
xref: GAID:663 ! mediodorsal thalamic nucleu
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.490 ! mediodorsal thalamic nucleu
xref: EV:0100200 ! medial thalamic nuclei
xref: ABA:MD ! Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus
xref: BM:Die-Th-MD ! mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007613 {source="Wikipedia"} ! memory
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003031 {source="ABA"} ! submedial nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsomedial_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus ! Dorsomedial Nucleus of the Thalamus
xref: SCTID:279149008 ! Entire dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus
synonym: "nucleus mediodorsalis thalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_dorsal_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: UMLS:C0228329

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002740
name: posterior cingulate gyrus
def: "The posterior cingulate cortex is the backmost part of the cingulate cortex, lying behind the anterior cingulate cortex. This is the upper part of the 'limbic lobe'. The cingulate cortex is made up of an area around the midline of the brain. Surrounding areas include the retrosplenial cortex and the precuneus. Cytoarchitectonically posterior cingulate cortex is associated with Brodmann areas 23 and 31. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Posterior_cingulate_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61924 ! Posterior cingulate gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1546 ! Posterior cingulate gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray727.svg/200px-Gray727.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002967 ! cingulate gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002741
name: diagonal band
def: "The diagonal band of Broca consists of fibers that are said to arise in the parolfactory area, the gyrus subcallosus and the anterior perforated substance, and course backward in the longitudinal striae to the dentate gyrus and the hippocampal region. This is a cholinergic bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the anterior perforated substance. It interconnects the paraterminal gyrus in the septal area with the hippocampus and lateral olfactory area. Along with the Septum Pellucidum the Diagonal Band of Broca is believed to be involved in the generation of theta waves in the hippocampus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Diagonal_band_of_Broca]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "broca's diagonal band" EXACT [FMA:61973]
synonym: "broca's diagonal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61973]
synonym: "diagonal band of broca" EXACT []
synonym: "diagonal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61973]
synonym: "olfactory fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:61973]
synonym: "olfactory radiations of zuckerkandl" EXACT []
synonym: "band of Broca" RELATED [BTO:0002445]
synonym: "bandaletta diagonalis (Broca)" RELATED [BTO:0002445]
synonym: "stria diagonalis" RELATED [BTO:0002445]
synonym: "stria diagonalis (Broca)" RELATED [BTO:0002445]
xref: FMA:61973 ! Diagonal band
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1551 ! Diagonal band
xref: BTO:0002445 ! diagonal band
xref: GAID:684 ! diagonal band of broca
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/200px-Gray724.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.380 ! diagonal band of broca
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "stria diagonalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Diagonal_band_of_Broca]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray724.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002742
name: lamina of septum pellucidum
def: "One of two layers of both white and gray matter of the septum pellucidum. During fetal development there is a space between the two laminae called the cavum septum pellucidum which, in ninety per cent of cases, disappears during infancy." [Wikipedia:Septum_pellucidum#Layers]
comment: editor note 
synonym: "septum pellucidum lamina" EXACT [FMA:62472]
synonym: "laminae septi pellucidi" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: FMA:62472 ! Lamina of septum pellucidum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1554 ! Lamina of septum pellucidum
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004714 {source="FMA"} ! septum pellucidum
xref: SCTID:12164006 ! Lamina septum pellucidum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009857
name: cavum septum pellucidum
def: "Space enclosed within the laminae of the septum pelludicum, the membranous partition that seperates the frontal horns of the ventricle. contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that filters from the ventricles through the septal laminae. bounded anteriorly by the genu of the corpus callosum; superiorly by the body of the corpus callosum; posteriorly by the anterior limb and pillars of the fornix; inferiorly by the anterior commissure and the rostrum of the corpus callosum; and laterally by the leaflets of the septum pellucidum. In humans, present in 100% of fetuses, but over 85% of them fuse by 3–6 months after birth." [BTO:0003447, Wikipedia:Cave_of_septum_pellucidum]
synonym: "cavum of septum pellucidum" EXACT  [FMA:61874]
synonym: "cavum septi pellucidi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cave_of_septum_pellucidum]
synonym: "fifth ventricle" RELATED  [FMA:61874, Wikipedia:Cave_of_septum_pellucidum]
synonym: "septum pellucidum cave" EXACT  [FMA:61874]
synonym: "ventriculus septi pellucidi" EXACT  [FMA:61874]
synonym: "cave of septum pellucidum" EXACT [FMA:61874]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0004714 ! septum pellucidum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004714 ! septum pellucidum
xref: FMA:61874 ! cave of septum pellucidum
xref: BTO:0003447 ! cavum septum pellucidum
xref: ncithesaurus:Fifth_Ventricle ! Fifth Ventricle
xref: SCTID:180933005 ! Fifth ventricle
synonym: "cavum septi pellucidi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cave_of_septum_pellucidum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/CavumSeptumPellucidumDiagram.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0228158

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002743
name: basal forebrain
def: "The basal forebrain is a collection of structures located ventrally to the striatum. It is considered to be the major cholinergic output of the CNS. It includes a group of structures that lie near the bottom of the front of the brain, including the nucleus basalis, diagonal band of Broca, and medial septal nuclei. These structures are important in the production of acetylcholine, which is then distributed widely throughout the brain. Acetylcholine affects the ability of brain cells to transmit information to one another, and also encourages plasticity, or learning. Thus, damage to the basal forebrain can reduce the amount of acetylcholine in the brain and impair learning. This may be one reason why basal forebrain damage can result in memory impairments such as amnesia and confabulation. One common cause of basal forebrain damage is aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. Research, conducted by investigators from Children's Hospital Boston and the University of Helsinki, ties together previous observations about sleep and finds that nitric oxide production in the basal forebrain is both necessary and sufficient to produce sleep. This structure is defined, in part, as the place where adenosine acts on A1 receptors of cholinergic neurons. This results in hyperpolarization of cholinergic neurons, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is known to promote wakefulness in the basal forebrain. Inhibition of acetylcholine release in the basal forebrain by adenosine causes slow wave sleep. The basal forebrain and adjacent areas are a focus for sleep research. Stimulating the basal forebrain gives rise to EEG sychrony and sleep. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Basal_forebrain]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77700 ! Basal forebrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1560 ! Basal forebrain
xref: BTO:0002444 ! basal forebrain
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Basal_Forebrain_Monakhos_2007.png/200px-Basal_Forebrain_Monakhos_2007.png
xref: BM:Tel-BF ! basal forebrain
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001890 {source="BTO"} ! forebrain
synonym: "pars basalis telencephali" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Basal_forebrain]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Basal_Forebrain_Monakhos_2007.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002745
name: ventral amygdalofugal projection
synonym: "ventral amygdalofugal pathway" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1563]
xref: FMA:61977 ! Ventral amygdalofugal projection
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1563 ! Ventral amygdalofugal projection
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002746
name: intermediate periventricular nucleus
synonym: "intermediate periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus" EXACT [FMA:62328]
synonym: "periventricular nucleus at the tuberal level" EXACT [FMA:62328]
xref: FMA:62328 ! Intermediate periventricular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1564 ! Intermediate periventricular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002747
name: neodentate part of dentate nucleus
synonym: "neodentate portion of dentate nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72539]
xref: FMA:72539 ! Neodentate part of dentate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1567 ! Neodentate part of dentate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002132 ! dentate nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002748
name: medial lemniscus of medulla
def: "A medial lemniscus that is part of a medulla [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla medial lemniscus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72621 ! Medial lemniscus of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1570 ! Medial lemniscus of medulla
is_a: UBERON:0003002 ! medial lemniscus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003002 ! medial lemniscus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002749
name: regional part of cerebellar cortex
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellar cortex [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellar cortical segment" EXACT [FMA:76924]
synonym: "segment of cerebellar cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1571]
xref: FMA:76924 ! Segment of cerebellar cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1571 ! Regional part of cerebellar cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002750
name: medial longitudinal fasciculus of medulla
def: "A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a medulla [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla medial longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72618 ! Medial longitudinal fasciculus of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1574 ! Medial longitudinal fasciculus of medulla
is_a: UBERON:0002309 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002309 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002751
name: inferior temporal gyrus
def: "The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal sulcus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_temporal_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (heimer-83)" EXACT []
synonym: "gyrus temporalis inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1577]
xref: FMA:61907 ! Inferior temporal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1577 ! Inferior temporal gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Temporal_Gyrus ! Inferior Temporal Gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray726.png/200px-Gray726.png
xref: BM:Tel-ITG ! inferior temporal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007601 {source="Wikipedia"} ! visual perception
xref: SCTID:279191005 ! Entire inferior temporal gyrus
synonym: "gyrus temporalis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_temporal_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray726.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002752
name: olivocerebellar tract
def: "The olivocerebellar tract (olivocerebellar fibers) leaves the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphé, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise. They terminate directly on Purkinje cells as the climbing fiber input system. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Olivocerebellar_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:72638 ! Olivocerebellar tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1579 ! Olivocerebellar tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray695.png/200px-Gray695.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "t. olivocerebellaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olivocerebellar_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray695.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005413 ! spinocerebellar tract
name: spinocerebellar tract
def: "The spinocerebellar tract is a set of axonal fibers originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the ipsilateral cerebellum. This tract conveys information to the cerebellum about limb and joint position." [Wikipedia:Spinocerebellar_tract]
xref: GAID:733 ! spinocerebellar tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005036 ! Spinocerebellar tract
xref: MESH:A08.612.220.725 ! spinocerebellar tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002987
name: anterior spinocerebellar tract
def: "The ventral spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. Both these tracts involve two neurons and end up on the same side of the body. The ventral tract (under L2/L3) gets its proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration information from a first order neuron, with its cell body in a dorsal ganglion. The axon runs via the fila radicularia to the dorsal horn of the grey matter. There it makes a synapse with the dendrites of two neurons: they send their axons bilaterally to the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. The ventral spinocerebellar tract then enters the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is in contrast with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (C8 - L2/L3), which only has 1 unilateral axon that has its cell body in the Clarke's nuclei (only at the level of C8 - L2/L3). The fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract then eventually enter the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is one of the few afferent tracts through the superior cerebellar peduncle. Originates from ventral horn at lumbosacral spinal levels. Axons first cross midline in the spinal cord and run in the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. These axons ascend up to the pons where they join the superior cerebellar peduncle to enter the cerebellum. Once in the deep white matter of the cerebellum, the axons recross the midline, give off collaterals to the globose and emboliform nuclei, and terminate in the cortex of the anterior lobe and vermis of the posterior lobe. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gowers' tract" EXACT [FMA:72642]
synonym: "ventral spinocerebellar tract" EXACT [FMA:72642]
synonym: "gower's tract" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_848]
xref: FMA:72642 ! Anterior spinocerebellar tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_848 ! Anterior spinocerebellar tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005413 ! spinocerebellar tract
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
xref: SCTID:369285001 ! Entire ventral spinocerebellar tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002753
name: posterior spinocerebellar tract
def: "The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsig's fasciculus, Flechsig's tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Proprioceptive information is taken to the via central processes of dorsal root ganglia (first order neurons). These central processes travel through the dorsal horn where they synapse with second order neurons of Clarke's nucleus. Axon fibers from Clarke's Nucleus convey this proprioceptive information in the spinal cord in the peripheral region of the posteriolateral funiculus ipsilaterally until it reaches the cerebellum, where unconscious proprioceptive information is processed. This tract involves two neurons and ends up on the same side of the body. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal spinocerebellar tract" EXACT [FMA:72641]
synonym: "flechsig's tract" EXACT [FMA:72641]
xref: FMA:72641 ! Posterior spinocerebellar tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1585 ! Posterior spinocerebellar tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png
xref: BM:DSCT ! dorsal spinocerebellar tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005413 ! spinocerebellar tract
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
xref: SCTID:369284002 ! Entire dorsal spinocerebellar tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002640
name: cuneocerebellar tract
def: "The posterior external arcuate fibers (dorsal external arcuate fibers) take origin in the gracile and cuneate nuclei; they pass to the inferior peduncle of the same side. It is uncertain whether fibers are continued directly from the gracile and cuneate fasciculi into the inferior peduncle. The term 'cuneocerebellar tract' is sometimes used to collectively refer to the posterior external arcuate fibers. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cuneocerebellar_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneocerebellar fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1238]
xref: FMA:72637 ! Cuneocerebellar tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1238 ! Cuneocerebellar tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gray699.png/200px-Gray699.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002754
name: predorsal bundle
synonym: "predorsal bundle of edinger" EXACT []
synonym: "predorsal fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:72614]
synonym: "tectospinal fibers" EXACT [FMA:72614]
xref: FMA:72614 ! Predorsal bundle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1590 ! Predorsal bundle
is_a: UBERON:0005838 ! fasciculus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002755
name: pyramidal decussation
def: "When these pyramidal fibers are traced downward, it is found that some three-fifths or more of them leave the pyramids in successive bundles, and decussate in the anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata, forming what is termed the pyramidal decussation or motor decussation. Having crossed the middle line, they pass down in the posterior part of the lateral funiculus as the lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Decussation_of_pyramids]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "corticospinal decussation" EXACT [FMA:72633]
synonym: "decussation of corticospinal tract" EXACT [FMA:72633]
synonym: "decussation of pyramidal tract fibers" EXACT [FMA:72633]
synonym: "decussation of pyramids" EXACT [FMA:72633]
synonym: "decussation of pyramids of medulla" EXACT [FMA:72633]
synonym: "motor decussation" EXACT [FMA:72633]
synonym: "motor decussation of medulla" EXACT [FMA:72633]
synonym: "decussation of the pyramidal tract" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1594]
synonym: "pyramidal decussation (pourfour du petit)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1594]
xref: FMA:72633 ! Pyramidal decussation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1594 ! Pyramidal decussation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray684.png/200px-Gray684.png
xref: BM:Me-PyX ! pyramidal decussation
is_a: UBERON:0007418 ! decussation of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "decussatio pyramidum medullae oblongatae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72633]
synonym: "decussatio pyramidum" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72633]
xref: SCTID:369058001 ! Entire pyramidal decussation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Gray684.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002756
name: anterior cingulate gyrus
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61916 ! Anterior cingulate gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1603 ! Anterior cingulate gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray727_anterior_cingulate_cortex.png/200px-Gray727_anterior_cingulate_cortex.png
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002967 ! cingulate gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009835 ! anterior cingulate cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009835 ! anterior cingulate cortex
name: anterior cingulate cortex
def: "the frontal part of the cingulate cortex, that resembles a 'collar' form around the corpus callosum, the fibrous bundle that relays neural signals between the right and left cerebral hemispheres of the brain. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex, and appears to play a role in a wide variety of autonomic functions, such as regulating blood pressure and heart rate, as well as rational cognitive functions, such as reward anticipation, decision-making, empathy[1] and emotion." [Wikipedia:Anterior_cingulate_cortex]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003027 {source="BTO"} ! cingulate cortex
relationship: has_function_in GO:0002027 {source="Wikipedia"} ! regulation of heart rate
xref: BTO:0004249 ! anterior cingulate cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_936 ! Anterior cingulate cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gray727_anterior_cingulate_cortex.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002757
name: regional part of epithalamus
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a epithalamus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithalamus segment" EXACT [FMA:62013]
synonym: "segment of epithalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1607]
xref: FMA:62013 ! Segment of epithalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1607 ! Regional part of epithalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002784 ! regional part of diencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001899 ! epithalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002758
name: dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body
synonym: "dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex" EXACT [FMA:62216]
synonym: "medial geniculate complex, dorsal part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608]
synonym: "medial geniculate nucleus, dorsal part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608]
synonym: "nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608]
synonym: "nucleus geniculatus medialis fibrosus (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608]
synonym: "nucleus geniculatus medialis pars dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608]
synonym: "nucleus dorsalis coporis geniculati medialis" RELATED [BTO:0002673]
xref: FMA:62216 ! Dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1608 ! Dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: BTO:0002673 ! dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: ABA:MGd ! Medial geniculate complex, dorsal part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001927 ! medial geniculate body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002759 {source="ABA"} ! magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002985 {source="ABA"} ! ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002760
name: ventral corticospinal tract
def: "The anterior corticospinal tract (also called the ventral corticospinal tract, medial corticospinal tract, direct pyramidal tract, or anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus) is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. It is usually small, varying inversely in size with the lateral corticospinal tract, which is the main part of the corticospinal tract. It lies close to the anterior median fissure, and is present only in the upper part of the medulla spinalis; gradually diminishing in size as it descends, it ends about the middle of the thoracic region. It consists of descending fibers which arise from cells in the motor area of the cerebral hemisphere of the same side, and which, as they run downward in the medulla spinalis, cross in succession through the anterior white commissure to the opposite side, where they end, either directly or indirectly, by arborizing around the motor neurons in the anterior column. A few of its fibers are said to pass to the lateral column of the same side and to the gray matter at the base of the posterior column. They conduct voluntary motor impulses from the precentral gyrus to the motor centers of the cord. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_corticospinal_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior corticospinal tract" EXACT [FMA:72636]
synonym: "anterior pyramidal tract" EXACT [FMA:72636]
synonym: "anterior tract of turck" EXACT []
synonym: "bundle of turck" EXACT []
synonym: "column of turck" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72636 ! Ventral corticospinal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1618 ! Ventral corticospinal tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:369092003 ! Entire ventral corticospinal tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002761
name: inferior frontal sulcus
def: "The inferior frontal sulcus is a sulcus between the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior frontal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83757]
synonym: "sulcus f2" EXACT [FMA:83757]
xref: FMA:83757 ! Inferior frontal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1619 ! Inferior frontal sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Frontal_Sulcus ! Inferior Frontal Sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279343004 ! Inferior frontal sulcus
synonym: "sulcus frontalis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Gray726_Inferior_frontal_sulcus.svg
xref: UMLS:C0262251

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002762
name: internal medullary lamina of thalamus
synonym: "internal medullary lamina of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62079]
synonym: "internal medullary lamina" EXACT [FMA:62079]
xref: FMA:62079 ! Internal medullary lamina
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1621 ! Internal medullary lamina of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "lamina medullaris medialis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62079]
xref: SCTID:369161003 ! Entire internal medullary lamina of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002763
name: accessory medullary lamina
synonym: "accessory medullary lamina" EXACT [FMA:62471]
synonym: "accessory medullary lamina of corpus striatum" EXACT [FMA:62471]
synonym: "incomplete medullary lamina of globus pallidus" EXACT [FMA:62471]
synonym: "accessory medullary lamina of globus pallidus" EXACT [FMA:62471]
synonym: "accessory medullar lamina of pallidum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1626]
xref: FMA:62471 ! Accessory medullary lamina of globus pallidus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1626 ! Accessory medullary lamina
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001875 ! globus pallidus
synonym: "lamina medullaris accessoria corporis striati" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62471]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002764
name: inferior precentral sulcus
synonym: "inferior part of precentral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83764]
synonym: "sulcus praecentralis inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1627]
synonym: "sulcus precentralis inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1627]
xref: FMA:83764 ! Inferior precentral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1627 ! Inferior precentral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002765
name: lateral medullary lamina
synonym: "external medullary lamina of corpus striatum" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "external medullary lamina of globus pallidus" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "external medullary lamina of lentiform nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "lateral medullary lamina" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "lateral medullary lamina of corpus striatum" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "lateral medullary lamina of pallidum" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "lateral medullary stria" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "outer medullary lamina" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus" EXACT [FMA:62469]
synonym: "external medulary lamina of globus pallidus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634]
synonym: "external medulary lamina of lentiform nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634]
synonym: "lateral medulary lamina of globus pallidus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634]
synonym: "lateral medulary stria" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634]
synonym: "medulary lamina of pallidum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634]
synonym: "outer medulary lamina" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634]
xref: FMA:62469 ! Lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1634 ! Lateral medullary lamina
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001875 ! globus pallidus
synonym: "lamina medullaris externa corporis striati" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62469]
synonym: "lamina medullaris lateralis corporis striati" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62469]
xref: SCTID:369204004 ! Entire lateral medullary lamina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002766
name: fusiform gyrus
def: "The fusiform gyrus is part of the temporal lobe. It is also known as the (discontinuous) occipitotemporal gyrus. Other sources have the fusiform gyrus above the occipitotemporal gyrus and underneath the parahippocampal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Fusiform_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral occipitotemporal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61908]
synonym: "medial occipitotemporal gyrus-1 (heimer)" EXACT []
synonym: "occipitotemporal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61908]
xref: FMA:61908 ! Fusiform gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1641 ! Fusiform gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray727.svg/200px-Gray727.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
synonym: "gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61908]
xref: SCTID:110678003 ! Fusiform gyrus
synonym: "gyrus fusiformis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fusiform_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Gray727.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002767
name: inferior rostral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus rostralis inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1642]
xref: FMA:83767 ! Inferior rostral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1642 ! Inferior rostral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002768
name: vestibulospinal tract
def: "a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]." [Wikipedia:Vestibulospinal_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vestibulo-spinal tract" EXACT [ZFA:0000709]
xref: FMA:72646 ! Vestibulospinal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1643 ! Vestibulospinal tract
xref: ZFA:0000709 ! vestibulo-spinal tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:369289007 ! Entire vestibulospinal tract
xref: TAO:0000709 ! vestibulo-spinal tract
synonym: "tractus vestibulospinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibulospinal_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002769
name: superior temporal gyrus
def: "A gyrus (plural gyri) is a bump or ridge on the surface of the brain. The superior temporal gyrus is one of three (sometimes two) gyri in the temporal lobe of the human brain. The superior temporal gyrus is bounded by: the lateral sulcus above; the superior temporal sulcus (not always present or visible) below; an imaginary line drawn from the preoccipital notch to the lateral sulcus posteriorly. The superior temporal gyrus contains several important structures of the brain, including: Brodmann areas 41 and 42, marking the location of the primary auditory cortex, the cortical region responsible for the sensation of sound; Wernicke's area, Brodmann 22p, an important region for the processing of speech so that it can be understood as language. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_temporal_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gyrus temporalis superior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1648]
xref: FMA:61905 ! Superior temporal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1648 ! Superior temporal gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Temporal_Gyrus ! Superior Temporal Gyrus
xref: EFO:0001944 ! superior temporal gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Superior_temporal_gyrus.png/200px-Superior_temporal_gyrus.png
xref: BM:Tel-STG ! superior temporal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
xref: SCTID:362345008 ! Entire superior temporal gyrus
synonym: "gyrus temporalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_temporal_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Superior_temporal_gyrus.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002770
name: posterior hypothalamic region
def: "The part of the hypothalamus posterior to the middle region consisting of several nuclei including the medial mamillary nucleus, lateral mamillary nucleus, and posterior hypothalamic nucleus (posterior hypothalamic area). The posterior hypothalamic area is concerned with control of sympathetic responses and is sensitive to conditions of decreasing temperature and controls the mechanisms for the conservation and increased production of heat." [MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.362]
synonym: "mammillary level of hypothalamus" EXACT [FMA:62029]
synonym: "mammillary region" EXACT [FMA:62029]
synonym: "posterior hypothalamus" EXACT [FMA:62029]
xref: FMA:62029 ! Posterior hypothalamic region
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1651 ! Posterior hypothalamic region
xref: GAID:651 ! posterior hypothalamus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.362 ! posterior hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002771
name: middle temporal gyrus
def: "Middle temporal gyrus is a gyrus in the brain on the Temporal lobe. It is located between the superior temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. Its exact function is unknown, but it has been connected with processes as different as contemplating distance, recognition of known faces, and accessing word meaning while reading. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intermediate temporal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61906]
synonym: "gyrus temporalis medius" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1653]
synonym: "medial temporal gyrus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_gyrus]
xref: FMA:61906 ! Middle temporal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1653 ! Middle temporal gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Temporal_Gyrus ! Middle Temporal Gyrus
xref: EFO:0002466 ! middle temporal gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/WOROI_60_loc.png/200px-WOROI_60_loc.png
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
xref: SCTID:279190006 ! Entire middle temporal gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/WOROI_60_loc.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002772
name: olfactory sulcus
def: "The medial orbital gyrus presents a well-marked antero-posterior sulcus, the olfactory sulcus, for the olfactory tract. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "olfactory groove" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1655]
synonym: "sulcus olfactorius" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1655]
xref: FMA:83769 ! Olfactory sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1655 ! Olfactory sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Sulcus ! Olfactory Sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gray729_olfactory_sulcus.png/200px-Gray729_olfactory_sulcus.png
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-OFS ! orbitofrontal sulcus (also: UBERON:0002799 'fronto-orbital sulcus')
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279358007 ! Entire olfactory sulcus
synonym: "sulcus olfactorius lobi frontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olfactory_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Gray729_olfactory_sulcus.png
xref: UMLS:C0228205

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002773
name: anterior transverse temporal gyrus
synonym: "anterior transverse temporal convolution of heschl" EXACT []
synonym: "first transverse gyrus of heschl" EXACT []
synonym: "great transverse gyrus of heschl" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior transverse convolution of heschl" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1657]
xref: FMA:61909 ! Anterior transverse temporal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1657 ! Anterior transverse temporal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0003939 ! transverse gyrus of Heschl
xref: SCTID:279192003 ! Entire anterior transverse temporal gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003939 ! transverse gyrus of Heschl
name: transverse gyrus of Heschl
def: "the area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing[MP]. The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain) rather than dorsiventrally (front to back) as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. Heschl." [Wikipedia:Transverse_temporal_gyrus, MP:0000803]
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001393 ! auditory cortex
synonym: "gyri temporales transversi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_temporal_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Gray730.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002774
name: posterior transverse temporal gyrus
synonym: "posterior transverse temporal convolution of heschl" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior transverse convolution of heschl" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1661]
xref: FMA:61910 ! Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1661 ! Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0003939 ! transverse gyrus of Heschl
xref: SCTID:279193008 ! Entire posterior transverse temporal gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002775
name: olivocochlear bundle
synonym: "bundle of rasmussen" EXACT []
synonym: "efferent cochlear bundle" EXACT [FMA:72485]
synonym: "olivocochlear bundle of rasmussen" EXACT []
synonym: "olivocochlear tract" EXACT [FMA:72485]
xref: FMA:72485 ! Olivocochlear bundle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1666 ! Olivocochlear bundle
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "tractus olivocochlearis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72485]
xref: SCTID:369030009 ! Entire tractus olivocochlearis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002776
name: ventral nuclear group
def: "The ventral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the ventral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following: ventral anterior nucleus ventral lateral nucleus ventral posterior nucleus [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_nuclear_group]
comment: Editors note: consider splitting nucleus from nuclear group
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ventral nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62022]
synonym: "ventral nuclear mass" EXACT [FMA:62022]
synonym: "ventral nuclei of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62022]
synonym: "ventral tier thalamic nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62022]
synonym: "ventral nuclear group of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62022]
synonym: "nuclei ventrales thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1669]
synonym: "ventral group of dorsal thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1669]
xref: FMA:62022 ! Ventral nuclear group of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1669 ! Ventral nuclear group
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: BTO:0002467 ! ventral nucleus of thalamus
xref: EV:0100206 ! ventral thalamic nuclei
xref: ABA:VENT ! Ventral group of the dorsal thalamus
xref: ZFA:0005576 ! ventral thalamus nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002704 {source="ABA"} ! metathalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002144 {source="ABA"} ! peripeduncular nucleus
xref: SCTID:279125005 ! Entire nucleus of ventral nuclear group of thalamus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002780
name: regional part of forebrain
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forebrain segment" EXACT [FMA:61996]
synonym: "segment of forebrain" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1677]
xref: FMA:61996 ! Segment of forebrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1677 ! Regional part of forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002783
name: central tegmental tract of pons
xref: FMA:72494 ! Central tegmental tract of pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1683 ! Central tegmental tract of pons
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002784
name: regional part of diencephalon
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon segment" EXACT [FMA:62005]
xref: FMA:62005 ! Segment of diencephalon
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1685 ! Regional part of diencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0002780 ! regional part of forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: SCTID:119264001 ! Diencephalon part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002785
name: regional part of lateral hypothalamic region
subset: non_informative
synonym: "lateral hypothalamic region segment" EXACT [FMA:62312]
synonym: "segment of lateral hypothalamic region" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1687]
xref: FMA:62312 ! Segment of lateral hypothalamic region
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1687 ! Regional part of lateral hypothalamic region
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002430 ! lateral hypothalamic area
def: "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a lateral hypothalamic area." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002786 ! abducens nerve fibers
name: abducens nerve fibers
synonym: "abducens nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72491]
synonym: "central part of abducens nerve" EXACT [FMA:72491]
synonym: "root of abducens nerve" EXACT [FMA:72491]
synonym: "abducens nerve tract" EXACT [FMA:72491]
xref: FMA:72491 ! Abducens nerve tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1689 ! Abducens nerve fibers
is_a: UBERON:0006843 {source="FMA"} ! root of cranial nerve
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001896 {source="ZFA-abduced"} ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009908
name: caudal root of abducens nerve
synonym: "radix caudalis nervi abducentis" EXACT  [ZFA:0000179]
xref: TAO:0000179 ! caudal root of abducens nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002786 ! abducens nerve fibers
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001646 {source="ZFA"} ! abducens nerve
xref: ZFA:0000179 ! caudal root of abducens nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009909
name: rostral root of abducens nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002786 ! abducens nerve fibers
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001646 {source="ZFA"} ! abducens nerve
xref: ZFA:0000665 ! rostral root of abducens nerve
xref: TAO:0000665 ! rostral root of abducens nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002787
name: decussation of trochlear nerve
synonym: "decussation of trochlear nerve (IV)" EXACT [FMA:72488]
synonym: "trochlear neural decussation" EXACT [FMA:72488]
xref: FMA:72488 ! Decussation of trochlear nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1690 ! Decussation of trochlear nerve
is_a: UBERON:0007418 ! decussation of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002788
name: anterior nuclear group
def: "The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_nuclear_group]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62019]
synonym: "anterior nuclei of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62019]
synonym: "anterior nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62019]
synonym: "anterior thalamic nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62019]
synonym: "anterior nuclear group of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62019]
synonym: "anterior thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692]
synonym: "nuclei anterior thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692]
synonym: "nuclei anteriores (thalami)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692]
synonym: "nuclei anteriores thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692]
synonym: "nuclei thalamicus anterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692]
synonym: "anterior thalamic group" EXACT [MA:0000861]
xref: FMA:62019 ! Anterior nuclear group of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1692 ! Anterior nuclear group
xref: GAID:658 ! anterior thalamic nuclei
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.080 ! anterior thalamic nuclei
xref: ZFA:0000427 ! rostral thalamic nucleus
xref: EV:0100196 ! anterior thalamic nuclei
xref: MA:0000861 ! anterior thalamic group
xref: ABA:ATN ! Anterior group of the dorsal thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004703 {source="MA"} ! dorsal thalamus
xref: SCTID:279124009 ! Entire nucleus of anterior nuclear group of thalamus
xref: TAO:0000427 ! rostral thalamic nucleus
synonym: "rostral thalamic nucleus" RELATED [TAO:0000427]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002789
name: regional part of posterior hypothalamic region
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a posterior hypothalamic region [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior hypothalamic region segment" EXACT [FMA:62311]
synonym: "segment of posterior hypothalamic region" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1697]
xref: FMA:62311 ! Segment of posterior hypothalamic region
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1697 ! Regional part of posterior hypothalamic region
is_a: UBERON:0003048 ! regional part of hypothalamus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002770 ! posterior hypothalamic region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002790
name: dorsal acoustic stria
synonym: "posterior acoustic stria" EXACT [FMA:72496]
xref: FMA:72496 ! Dorsal acoustic stria
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1698 ! Dorsal acoustic stria
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "stria cochlearis posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72496]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002791
name: regional part of telencephalon
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segment of telencephalon" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1700]
synonym: "telencephalon segment" EXACT [FMA:62374]
xref: FMA:62374 ! Segment of telencephalon
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1700 ! Regional part of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0002780 ! regional part of forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002793
name: dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons
xref: FMA:72492 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1707 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons
is_a: UBERON:0003045 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003045 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
def: "A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a pons." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002794
name: medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons
def: "A medial longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a pons [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons of varolius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pons medial longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pons of varolius medial longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72493 ! Medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1708 ! Medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons
is_a: UBERON:0002309 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002309 ! medial longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002796
name: motor root of trigeminal nerve
comment: todo - check ZFA
synonym: "motor branch of trigeminal nerve" EXACT [FMA:52612]
synonym: "motor root of nervus v" EXACT []
synonym: "radix motoria (Nervus trigeminus [V])" EXACT [FMA:52612]
xref: FMA:52612 ! Motor root of trigeminal nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1717 ! Motor root of trigeminal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0004673 ! trigeminal nerve root
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005239 {source="Wikipedia"} ! basal plate metencephalon
xref: SCTID:280189001 ! Entire motor root of trigeminal nerve
xref: ZFA:0000650 ! dorsal motor root of V
xref: TAO:0000650 ! dorsal motor root of V
synonym: "dorsal motor root of v" RELATED [TAO:0000650]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009907
name: sensory root of trigeminal nerve
synonym: "radix sensoria (nervus trigeminus [v])" EXACT  [FMA:52611]
is_a: UBERON:0004673 {source="FMA"} ! trigeminal nerve root
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="Wikipedia"} ! neural crest
xref: FMA:52611 ! sensory root of trigeminal nerve
xref: SCTID:280188009 ! Entire sensory root of trigeminal nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002797
name: dorsal trigeminal tract
def: "The dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, or lemniscus) is a tract which receives signals from Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. this tract arises from Principal trigeminal nucleus and terminates in the VPM nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_trigeminal_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal ascending trigeminal tract" EXACT [FMA:72500]
synonym: "dorsal division of trigeminal lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72500]
synonym: "dorsal secondary ascending tract of v" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal secondary tract of v" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal trigeminal lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72500]
synonym: "dorsal trigeminal pathway" EXACT [FMA:72500]
synonym: "dorsal trigeminothalamic tract" EXACT [FMA:72500]
synonym: "posterior trigeminothalamic tract" EXACT [FMA:72500]
synonym: "reticulothalamic tract" EXACT [FMA:72500]
synonym: "uncrossed dorsal trigeminothalamic tract" EXACT [FMA:72500]
xref: FMA:72500 ! Dorsal trigeminal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1718 ! Dorsal trigeminal tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72500]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002800
name: spinal trigeminal tract of pons
xref: FMA:72507 ! Spinal trigeminal tract of pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1725 ! Spinal trigeminal tract of pons
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
xref: SCTID:369027002 ! Entire spinal trigeminal tract of pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002801
name: stratum zonale of thalamus
synonym: "neuraxis stratum" EXACT [FMA:83905]
synonym: "stratum zonale thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1727]
xref: FMA:83905 ! Stratum zonale of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1727 ! Stratum zonale of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002802
name: left parietal lobe
xref: FMA:72974 ! Left parietal lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1728 ! Left parietal lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002812 ! left cerebral hemisphere
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002921 ! longitudinal fissure
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002803 ! right parietal lobe
xref: SCTID:314147009 ! Entire left parietal lobe
def: "A parietal lobe that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002803
name: right parietal lobe
xref: FMA:72973 ! Right parietal lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1729 ! Right parietal lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002813 ! right cerebral hemisphere
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002921 ! longitudinal fissure
xref: SCTID:314146000 ! Entire right parietal lobe
def: "A parietal lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002804
name: left limbic lobe
xref: FMA:72981 ! Left limbic lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1780 ! Left limbic lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0002600 ! limbic lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002812 ! left cerebral hemisphere
def: "A limbic lobe that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002805
name: right limbic lobe
xref: FMA:72980 ! Right limbic lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1781 ! Right limbic lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0002600 ! limbic lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002813 ! right cerebral hemisphere
def: "A limbic lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002806
name: left occipital lobe
xref: FMA:72976 ! Left occipital lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1782 ! Left occipital lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0002021 ! occipital lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002812 ! left cerebral hemisphere
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002921 ! longitudinal fissure
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002807 ! right occipital lobe
xref: SCTID:314150007 ! Entire left occipital lobe
def: "An occipital lobe that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002807
name: right occipital lobe
xref: FMA:72975 ! Right occipital lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1783 ! Right occipital lobe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rv9OFy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right occipital lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0002021 ! occipital lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002813 ! right cerebral hemisphere
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002921 ! longitudinal fissure
xref: SCTID:314149007 ! Entire right occipital lobe
def: "An occipital lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002808
name: left temporal lobe
xref: FMA:72972 ! Left temporal lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1784 ! Left temporal lobe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! left temporal lobes
intersection_of: UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002812 ! left cerebral hemisphere
xref: SCTID:314158000 ! Entire left temporal lobe
def: "A temporal lobe that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002809
name: right temporal lobe
xref: FMA:72971 ! Right temporal lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1785 ! Right temporal lobe
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! right temporal lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002813 ! right cerebral hemisphere
xref: SCTID:314157005 ! Entire right temporal lobe
def: "A temporal lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002810
name: right frontal lobe
xref: FMA:72969 ! Right frontal lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1786 ! Right frontal lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0001870 ! frontal lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002813 ! right cerebral hemisphere
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002921 ! longitudinal fissure
xref: SCTID:314141005 ! Entire right frontal lobe
def: "A frontal cortex that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002811
name: left frontal lobe
xref: FMA:72970 ! Left frontal lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1787 ! Left frontal lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0001870 ! frontal lobe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002812 ! left cerebral hemisphere
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002921 ! longitudinal fissure
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002810 ! right frontal lobe
xref: SCTID:314142003 ! Entire left frontal lobe
def: "A frontal cortex that is part of a left cerebral hemisphere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002814
name: posterior superior fissure
synonym: "post-clival fissure" EXACT [FMA:83733]
synonym: "postclival fissure" EXACT [FMA:83733]
synonym: "postlunate fissure" EXACT [FMA:83733]
synonym: "posterior superior fissure of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83733]
xref: FMA:83733 ! Posterior superior fissure of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081254
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081254 ! Posterior superior fIssure
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
synonym: "fissura post clivalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83733]
xref: SCTID:314170001 ! Superior posterior cerebellar fissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002815
name: horizontal fissure
def: "The largest and deepest fissure in the cerebellum is named the horizontal sulcus (or horizontal fissure). It commences in front of the pons, and passes horizontally around the free margin of the hemisphere to the middle line behind, and divides the cerebellum into an upper and a lower portion. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Horizontal_fissure_of_cerebellum]
synonym: "horizontal fissure of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "horizontal sulcus" EXACT []
synonym: "horizontal fissure of right lung(line)" EXACT [FMA:14697]
synonym: "great horizontal fissure" EXACT [FMA:75135]
synonym: "intercrural fissure of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:75135]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081255
xref: FMA:14697 ! Horizontal fissure
xref: FMA:75135 ! Horizontal fissure of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081255 ! Horizontal fissure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray702.png/200px-Gray702.png
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
synonym: "fissura intercruralis cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75135]
xref: SCTID:314173004 ! Horizontal cerebellar fissure
synonym: "fissura horizontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Horizontal_fissure_of_cerebellum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray702.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002816
name: prepyramidal fissure
synonym: "prebiventral fissure of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:75138]
synonym: "prepyramidal sulcus" EXACT [FMA:75138]
synonym: "prepyramidal fissure of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:75138]
xref: FMA:75138 ! Prepyramidal fissure of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081257
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081257 ! Prepyramidal fissure
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
synonym: "fissura prebiventralis cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75138]
xref: SCTID:314171002 ! Entire prepyramidal fissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002817
name: secondary fissure
synonym: "post-pyramidal fissure of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:84043]
synonym: "postpyramidal fissure" EXACT [FMA:84043]
synonym: "secondary fissure" EXACT [FMA:84043]
synonym: "secondary fissure of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:84043]
xref: FMA:84043 ! Secondary fissure of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081258
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081258 ! Secondary fissure
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
synonym: "fissura postpyramidalis cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:84043]
xref: SCTID:314169002 ! Secondary cerebellar fissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002818
name: posterolateral fissure
synonym: "dorsolateral fissure of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83730]
synonym: "prenodular fissure" EXACT [FMA:83730]
synonym: "prenodular sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83730]
synonym: "uvulonodular fissure" EXACT [FMA:83730]
synonym: "posterolateral fissure of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83730]
xref: FMA:83730 ! Posterolateral fissure of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_20081259
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081259 ! Posterolateral fissure
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
xref: SCTID:314172009 ! Posterolateral cerebellar fissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002819
name: apex of cochlea
def: "The cupula is a structure in the vestibular system, sensing proprioception. The cupula is located within the ampullae of each of the three semicircular canals. As fluid rushes by the cupula, hair cells within it sense rotational acceleration, and transmit the corresponding signal to the brain through the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) In their natural orientation within the head, the cupulae are located on the medial aspect of the semicircular canals. In this orientation, the kinocilia rest on the posterior aspect of the cupula. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Apex_of_cochlea]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cochlea apex" EXACT [FMA:75641]
synonym: "cupula of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:75641]
xref: FMA:75641 ! Apex of cochlea
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2523 ! Apex of cochlea
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002820
name: zona arcuata of basilar membrane of cochlea
alt_id: UBERON:0002821
xref: FMA:75709 ! Zona arcuata of basilar membrane of cochlea
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2528 ! Zona arcuata of basilar membrane of cochlea
is_a: UBERON:0005764 ! acellular membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002822
name: macula lutea proper
xref: FMA:58671 ! Macula lutea proper
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2542 ! Macula lutea proper
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000053 ! macula lutea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002823
name: clivus of fovea centralis
comment: NIF differs from FMA
synonym: "fovea centralis clivus" EXACT [FMA:58674]
synonym: "clivus of macula lutea" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2544]
xref: FMA:58674 ! Clivus of fovea centralis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2544 ! Clivus of fovea centralis
is_a: UBERON:0000466 ! immaterial anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001786 ! fovea centralis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002825
name: superior part of vestibular ganglion
synonym: "vestibular ganglion superior part" EXACT [MA:0002778]
synonym: "pars superior vestibularis" RELATED [MA:0002778]
xref: FMA:77531 ! Superior part of vestibular ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2551 ! Superior part of vestibular ganglion
xref: MA:0002778 ! vestibular ganglion superior part
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002824 ! vestibular ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002826
name: inferior part of vestibular ganglion
synonym: "vestibular ganglion inferior part" EXACT [MA:0002779]
xref: FMA:77532 ! Inferior part of vestibular ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2552 ! Inferior part of vestibular ganglion
xref: MA:0002779 ! vestibular ganglion inferior part
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002824 ! vestibular ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002828
name: ventral cochlear nucleus
def: "The ventral cochlear nucleus (or anterior, or accessory), placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. Composed of several regions of distinct cell types, this nucleus serves primarily as a relay station for ascending auditory information. Bushy cells in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), which receive end bulbs of held from auditory nerve fibers, project to the superior olivary complex through the trapezoid body and intermediate acoustic stria. Other cell types project to the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus directly. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_cochlear_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ventral cochlear nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54621]
synonym: "anterior cochlear nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54621]
synonym: "c1281209" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2567]
xref: FMA:54621 ! Anterior cochlear nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2567 ! Ventral cochlear nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gray760.png/200px-Gray760.png
xref: ABA:VCO ! Ventral cochlear nucleus
xref: BM:CV ! ventral cochlear nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0001720 ! cochlear nucleus
xref: SCTID:280178008 ! Entire ventral cochlear nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002829
name: dorsal cochlear nucleus
def: "The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the 'tuberculum acousticum'), is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus, it forms the cochlear nucleus, where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tuberculum acousticum" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal cochlear nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54624]
synonym: "dorsal division of cochlear nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54624]
synonym: "posterior cochlear nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54624]
xref: FMA:54624 ! Posterior cochlear nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2569 ! Dorsal cochlear nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Cochlear_Nucleus ! Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gray760.png/200px-Gray760.png
xref: ABA:DCO ! Dorsal cochlear nucleus
xref: BM:Me-CD ! dorsal cochlear nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0001720 ! cochlear nucleus
xref: SCTID:280179000 ! Entire dorsal cochlear nucleus
synonym: "nucleus cochlearis posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Gray760.png
xref: UMLS:C0175499

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002830
name: anteroventral cochlear nucleus
synonym: "anteroventral auditory nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72571]
synonym: "anterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2572]
synonym: "nucleus magnocellularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2572]
xref: FMA:72571 ! Anteroventral cochlear nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2572 ! Anteroventral cochlear nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0001720 ! cochlear nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002831
name: posteroventral cochlear nucleus
synonym: "posterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2573]
xref: FMA:72572 ! Posteroventral cochlear nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2573 ! Posteroventral cochlear nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0001720 ! cochlear nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007633 ! nucleus of trapezoid body
name: nucleus of trapezoid body
comment: consider splitting into nucleus and complex
xref: ABA:NTB ! Nucleus of the trapezoid body
xref: MA:0001018 ! nucleus of trapezoid body
xref: BM:NTB ! nucleus of trapezoid body
xref: FMA:84023 ! set of nuclei of trapezoid body
is_a: UBERON:0006331 {source="MA"} ! brainstem nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 {source="MA"} ! pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002162 {source="ABA"} ! area postrema
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002610 {source="ABA"} ! cochlear nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002864 {source="ABA"} ! accessory cuneate nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002126 {source="ABA"} ! solitary tract nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002866 {source="ABA"} ! caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002873 {source="ABA"} ! interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002591 {source="ABA"} ! oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: SCTID:362405000 ! Entire trapezoid body nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_745 ! Trapezoid nuclear complex
synonym: "set of nuclei of trapezoid body" RELATED [FMA:84023]
synonym: "nuclei of trapezoid body" RELATED [FMA:84023]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002832
name: ventral nucleus of trapezoid body
synonym: "anterior nucleus of trapezoid body" EXACT [FMA:72477]
xref: FMA:72477 ! Ventral nucleus of trapezoid body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2576 ! Ventral nucleus of trapezoid body
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0007633 ! nucleus of trapezoid body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002128 ! superior olivary complex
synonym: "nucleus anterior corporis trapezoidei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72477]
xref: SCTID:369020000 ! Entire ventral nucleus of trapezoid body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002833
name: medial nucleus of trapezoid body
xref: FMA:75732 ! Medial nucleus of trapezoid body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2595 ! Medial nucleus of trapezoid body
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0007633 ! nucleus of trapezoid body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009053
name: dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body
synonym: "dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2575]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2575 ! Dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body
xref: SCTID:369021001 ! Entire dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body
is_a: UBERON:0007633 ! nucleus of trapezoid body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002834
name: cervical dorsal root ganglion
synonym: "cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6005]
synonym: "cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6005]
xref: FMA:6005 ! Cervical spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2599 ! Cervical dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0000044 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: SCTID:278325008 ! Cervical spinal ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002835
name: thoracic dorsal root ganglion
def: "A dorsal root ganglion that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6006]
synonym: "dorsal root ganglion of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion spinalis of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax ganglion spinalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ganglion of dorsal root of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax ganglion of dorsal root" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6006]
xref: FMA:6006 ! Thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2600 ! Thoracic dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0000044 ! dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0000961 ! thoracic ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000044 ! dorsal root ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
xref: SCTID:278326009 ! Thoracic spinal ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002836
name: lumbar dorsal root ganglion
def: "the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae." [MP:0006404]
synonym: "lumbar dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6007]
synonym: "lumbar spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6007]
xref: FMA:6007 ! Lumbar spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2601 ! Lumbar dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0000044 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: SCTID:278327000 ! Lumbar spinal ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002837
name: sacral dorsal root ganglion
synonym: "sacral dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6008]
synonym: "sacral spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6008]
xref: FMA:6008 ! Sacral spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2602 ! Sacral dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0000044 ! dorsal root ganglion
xref: SCTID:278328005 ! Sacral spinal ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002838
name: first cervical dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "first cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6010]
synonym: "first cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6010]
xref: FMA:6010 ! First cervical spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2603 ! First cervical dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25144 ! C1 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002834 ! cervical dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002839
name: second cervical dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "second cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6315]
synonym: "second cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6315]
xref: FMA:6315 ! Second cervical spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2604 ! Second cervical dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25155 ! C2 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002834 ! cervical dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002840
name: third cervical dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "third cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6316]
synonym: "third cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6316]
xref: FMA:6316 ! Third cervical spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2605 ! Third cervical dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25156 ! C3 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002834 ! cervical dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002841
name: fourth cervical dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fourth cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6317]
synonym: "fourth cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6317]
xref: FMA:6317 ! Fourth cervical spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2606 ! Fourth cervical dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25157 ! C4 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002834 ! cervical dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002842
name: fifth cervical dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fifth cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6318]
synonym: "fifth cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6318]
xref: FMA:6318 ! Fifth cervical spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2607 ! Fifth cervical dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25158 ! C5 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002834 ! cervical dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007711
name: sixth cervical dorsal root ganglion
synonym: "sixth cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2608]
synonym: "sixth cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6319]
synonym: "sixth cervical dorsal root ganglia" EXACT  [FMA:6319]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2608 ! Sixth cervical dorsal root ganglion
xref: FMA:6319 ! sixth cervical spinal ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25159 ! C6 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002834 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! cervical dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002843
name: seventh cervical dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "seventh cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6360]
synonym: "seventh cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6360]
xref: FMA:6360 ! Seventh cervical spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2609 ! Seventh cervical dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25160 ! C7 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002834 ! cervical dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002844
name: eighth cervical dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "eighth cervical dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6361]
synonym: "eighth cervical spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6361]
xref: FMA:6361 ! Eighth cervical spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2610 ! Eighth cervical dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0002834 ! cervical dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002845
name: first thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "first thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6321]
synonym: "first thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6321]
xref: FMA:6321 ! First thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2611 ! First thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25174 ! T1 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002846
name: second thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "second thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6322]
synonym: "second thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6322]
xref: FMA:6322 ! Second thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2612 ! Second thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25175 ! T2 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002847
name: third thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "third thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6323]
synonym: "third thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6323]
xref: FMA:6323 ! Third thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2613 ! Third thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25176 ! T3 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007712
name: fourth thoracic spinal ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fourth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:6324]
synonym: "forth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2614]
synonym: "fourth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:6324 ! fourth thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2614 ! Forth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25177 ! T4 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002848
name: fifth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fifth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6325]
synonym: "fifth thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6325]
xref: FMA:6325 ! Fifth thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2615 ! Fifth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25179 ! T5 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002849
name: sixth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "sixth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6326]
synonym: "sixth thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6326]
xref: FMA:6326 ! Sixth thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2616 ! Sixth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25178 ! T6 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002850
name: seventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "seventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6327]
synonym: "seventh thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6327]
xref: FMA:6327 ! Seventh thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2617 ! Seventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25180 ! T7 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002851
name: eighth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "eighth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6328]
synonym: "eighth thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6328]
xref: FMA:6328 ! Eighth thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2618 ! Eighth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25181 ! T8 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002852
name: ninth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "ninth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6329]
synonym: "ninth thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6329]
xref: FMA:6329 ! Ninth thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2619 ! Ninth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25182 ! T9 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002853
name: tenth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "tenth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6330]
synonym: "tenth thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6330]
xref: FMA:6330 ! Tenth thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2620 ! Tenth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25183 ! T10 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002854
name: eleventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "eleventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6331]
synonym: "eleventh thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6331]
xref: FMA:6331 ! Eleventh thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2621 ! Eleventh thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25184 ! T11 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002855
name: twelfth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "twelfth thoracic dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6332]
synonym: "twelfth thoracic spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6332]
xref: FMA:6332 ! Twelfth thoracic spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2622 ! Twelfth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25185 ! T12 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002835 ! thoracic dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002857
name: first lumbar dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "first lumbar dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6335]
synonym: "first lumbar spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6335]
xref: FMA:6335 ! First lumbar spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2624 ! First lumbar dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25164 ! L1 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002836 ! lumbar dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002856
name: second lumbar dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "second lumbar dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6336]
synonym: "second lumbar spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6336]
xref: FMA:6336 ! Second lumbar spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2623 ! Second lumbar dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25165 ! L2 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002836 ! lumbar dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002858
name: third lumbar dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "third lumbar dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6337]
synonym: "third lumbar spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6337]
xref: EMAPA:25166 ! L3 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
xref: FMA:6337 ! Third lumbar spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2625 ! Third lumbar dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0002836 ! lumbar dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003943
name: fourth lumbar dorsal root ganglion
def: "the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra" [MP:0001019]
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fourth lumbar spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6338]
synonym: "L4 dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [MP:0001019]
synonym: "fourth lumbar spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6338]
synonym: "forth lumbar dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2626]
synonym: "fourth lumbar dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EMAPA:25167 ! L4 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
xref: FMA:6338 ! fourth lumbar spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2626 ! Forth lumbar dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0002836 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002859
name: fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion
alt_id: UBERON:0003944
def: "the group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra" [MP:0001022]
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L5 dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [MP:0001022]
synonym: "fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6339]
synonym: "fifth lumbar spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6339]
xref: FMA:6339 ! Fifth lumbar spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2627 ! Fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25168 ! L5 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002836 ! lumbar dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002860
name: first sacral dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "first sacral dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6342]
synonym: "first sacral spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6342]
xref: FMA:6342 ! First sacral spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2628 ! First sacral dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25170 ! S1 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002837 ! sacral dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002861
name: second sacral dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "second sacral dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6343]
synonym: "second sacral spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6343]
xref: FMA:6343 ! Second sacral spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2629 ! Second sacral dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25171 ! S2 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002837 ! sacral dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002862
name: third sacral dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "third sacral dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6344]
synonym: "third sacral spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6344]
xref: FMA:6344 ! Third sacral spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2630 ! Third sacral dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25172 ! S3 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002837 ! sacral dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007713
name: fourth sacral spinal ganglion
synonym: "fourth sacral dorsal root ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:6345]
synonym: "forth sacral dorsal root ganglion" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2631]
synonym: "fourth sacral dorsal root ganglion" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:6345 ! fourth sacral spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2631 ! Forth sacral dorsal root ganglion
xref: EMAPA:25173 ! S4 of dorsal root ganglion of ganglion of spinal
is_a: UBERON:0002837 {source="FMA"} ! sacral dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002863
name: fifth sacral dorsal root ganglion
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fifth sacral dorsal root ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6346]
synonym: "fifth sacral spinal ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6346]
xref: FMA:6346 ! Fifth sacral spinal ganglion
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2632 ! Fifth sacral dorsal root ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0002837 ! sacral dorsal root ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002864
name: accessory cuneate nucleus
def: "The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation. It receives input from cervical spinal nerves and transmits that information to the cerebellum. These fibers are called cuneocerebellar (cuneate nucleus &gt; cerebellum) fibers. In this function, the accessory cuneate nucleus is comparable to the upper extremity portion of the posterior spinocerebellar tract. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Accessory_cuneate_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external cuneate nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72603]
synonym: "lateral cuneate nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72603]
synonym: "nucleus of corpus restiforme" EXACT [FMA:72603]
xref: FMA:72603 ! Accessory cuneate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2634 ! Accessory cuneate nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png
xref: EV:0100285 ! accessory cuneate nucleus
xref: ABA:ECU ! External cuneate nucleus
xref: BM:Me-CX ! external cuneate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002162 {source="ABA"} ! area postrema
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002610 {source="ABA"} ! cochlear nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007633 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of trapezoid body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002126 {source="ABA"} ! solitary tract nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002866 {source="ABA"} ! caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002873 {source="ABA"} ! interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002591 {source="ABA"} ! oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: SCTID:15575006 ! Entire accessory cuneate nucleus
synonym: "nucleus cuneatus accessorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Accessory_cuneate_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002865
name: arcuate nucleus of medulla
def: "An arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus that is part of a medulla [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arcuate nucleus-1" EXACT [FMA:72609]
synonym: "medial arcuate nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72609]
synonym: "arcuate hypothalamic nucleus of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arcuate nucleus-2 of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arcuate periventricular nucleus of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "infundibular hypothalamic nucleus of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "infundibular nucleus of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "infundibular periventricular nucleus of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla arcuate hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla arcuate nucleus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla arcuate nucleus-2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla arcuate periventricular nucleus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla infundibular hypothalamic nucleus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla infundibular nucleus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla infundibular periventricular nucleus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nucleus arciformis pyramidalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2635]
xref: FMA:72609 ! Arcuate nucleus of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2635 ! Arcuate nucleus of medulla
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001932 ! arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000958 ! medulla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002866
name: caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
synonym: "caudal nucleus (kandell)" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal part" EXACT [FMA:72606]
synonym: "caudal nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2637]
xref: FMA:72606 ! Caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2637 ! Caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.931.920.927 ! trigeminal caudal nucleu
xref: EV:0100235 ! posterior nucleus (also: UBERON:0002706 'posterior nucleus of hypothalamus')
xref: ABA:SPVC ! Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, caudal part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001717 ! spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002162 {source="ABA"} ! area postrema
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002610 {source="ABA"} ! cochlear nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002864 {source="ABA"} ! accessory cuneate nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007633 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of trapezoid body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002126 {source="ABA"} ! solitary tract nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002873 {source="ABA"} ! interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002591 {source="ABA"} ! oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002868
name: commissural nucleus of vagus nerve
synonym: "commissural nucleus-1" EXACT [FMA:54597]
synonym: "nucleus of inferior commissure" EXACT [FMA:54597]
synonym: "nucleus of inferior commisure" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2639]
xref: FMA:54597 ! Commissural nucleus of vagus nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2639 ! Commissural nucleus of vagus nerve
is_a: UBERON:0011775 {source="FMA"} ! vagus nerve nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011777
name: nucleus of spinal cord
def: "Nucleus of neuraxis which is located within the spinal cord. Example: dorsal nucleus of Clarke, Intermediolateral nucleus." [FMA:77011]
synonym: "spinal cord nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:77011]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: FMA:77011 ! nucleus of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011776
name: spinal cord dorsal commissural nucleus
comment: Editors note: check this one
synonym: "commissural nucleus of spinal cord" RELATED [FMA:73900]
is_a: UBERON:0011777 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of spinal cord
xref: MA:0001128 ! spinal cord dorsal commissural nucleus
xref: FMA:73900 ! commissural nucleus of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002869
name: diffuse reticular nucleus
synonym: "nucleus of kolliker-fuse" EXACT []
synonym: "kolloker-fuse nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2641]
xref: FMA:72598 ! Diffuse reticular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2641 ! Diffuse reticular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002871
name: hypoglossal nucleus
def: "The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, and it extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle. In the closed medulla, the gracile and cuneate nuclei lie posteriorly, which means the nucleus is not as close to the back of the medulla as in the open medulla. It is, however, still close to the midline. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hypoglossal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54505]
synonym: "nucleus of hypoglossal nerve" EXACT [FMA:54505]
synonym: "twelfth cranial nerve nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54505]
synonym: "hypoglossal XII nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001039]
synonym: "hypoglossal nerve nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54505]
xref: FMA:54505 ! Hypoglossal nerve nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2644 ! Hypoglossal nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001358 ! hypoglossal XII nucleus
xref: MA:0001039 ! hypoglossal XII nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png
xref: EV:0100286 ! nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve
xref: ABA:XII ! Hypoglossal nucleus
xref: BM:XII ! hypoglossal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002154 {source="ABA"} ! lateral reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002559 {source="ABA"} ! medullary reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
synonym: "nucleus nervi hypoglossi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54505]
xref: ncithesaurus:Hypoglossal_Nucleus ! Nucleus of the Hypoglossal Nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_the_Hypoglossal_Nerve ! Nucleus of the Hypoglossal Nerve
xref: SCTID:47361005 ! Hypoglossal nerve nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004635 ! hypoglossal XII nucleus
synonym: "nucleus nervi hypoglossi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png
xref: UMLS:C0228802

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004133 ! salivatory nucleus
name: salivatory nucleus
def: "." [GO:0021751]
synonym: "salivary nucleus" EXACT [GO:0021751]
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010124
name: future inferior salivatory nucleus
comment: TODO - devfrom
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002872 ! inferior salivatory nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004643 ! future inferior salivatory nucleus
def: "A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a inferior salivatory nucleus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002872
name: inferior salivatory nucleus
def: "In the brain, the inferior salivatory nucleus is a cluster of neurons controlling the parasympathetic input to the parotid gland. It is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_salivatory_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior salivary nucleus" EXACT [GO:0021752]
synonym: "inferior salivatary nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72601 ! Inferior salivatory nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2645 ! Inferior salivatory nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Gray843.png/200px-Gray843.png
xref: ABA:ISN ! Inferior salivatory nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0004133 ! salivatory nucleus
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001649 ! glossopharyngeal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002154 {source="ABA"} ! lateral reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002559 {source="ABA"} ! medullary reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002877 {source="ABA"} ! parasolitary nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004641 ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010124 {evidence="definitional"} ! future inferior salivatory nucleus
synonym: "nucleus salivatorius inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_salivatory_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Gray843.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002873
name: interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: FMA:235324 ! Interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2646 ! Interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
xref: ABA:SPVI ! Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, interpolar part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001717 ! spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002162 {source="ABA"} ! area postrema
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002610 {source="ABA"} ! cochlear nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002864 {source="ABA"} ! accessory cuneate nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007633 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of trapezoid body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002126 {source="ABA"} ! solitary tract nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002866 {source="ABA"} ! caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002591 {source="ABA"} ! oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002874
name: lateral pericuneate nucleus
xref: FMA:72604 ! Lateral pericuneate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2647 ! Lateral pericuneate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002875
name: medial pericuneate nucleus
xref: FMA:72605 ! Medial pericuneate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2648 ! Medial pericuneate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002877
name: parasolitary nucleus
synonym: "nucleus fasciculus solitarius" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2653]
synonym: "nucleus juxtasolitarius" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2653]
xref: FMA:77091 ! Parasolitary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2653 ! Parasolitary nucleus
xref: ABA:PAS ! Parasolitary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001719 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus ambiguus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002870 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002155 {source="ABA"} ! gigantocellular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002127 {source="ABA"} ! inferior olivary complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002872 {source="ABA"} ! inferior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002154 {source="ABA"} ! lateral reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002559 {source="ABA"} ! medullary reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002673 {source="ABA"} ! vestibular nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002871 {source="ABA"} ! hypoglossal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002876
name: nucleus intercalatus
alt_id: UBERON:0002878
comment: two NIF classes with the same name
synonym: "intercalated nucleus of medulla" EXACT [FMA:72597]
synonym: "nucleus intercalatus of medulla" EXACT [FMA:72597]
synonym: "nucleus of staderini" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus staderini" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2651]
synonym: "nucleus staderini" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2654]
xref: FMA:72597 ! Nucleus intercalatus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2651 ! Nucleus intercalatus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2654 ! Nucleus intercalatus
xref: EV:0100291 ! nucleus intercalatus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
xref: SCTID:369077004 ! Entire nucleus intercalatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002879
name: peritrigeminal nucleus
xref: FMA:72600 ! Peritrigeminal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2655 ! Peritrigeminal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002880
name: pontobulbar nucleus
synonym: "nucleus of circumolivary bundle" EXACT [FMA:72608]
synonym: "pontobulbar body" EXACT [FMA:72608]
xref: FMA:72608 ! Pontobulbar nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2656 ! Pontobulbar nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002882
name: supraspinal nucleus
xref: FMA:74507 ! Supraspinal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2658 ! Supraspinal nucleus
xref: EV:0100282 ! supraspinal nucleus
xref: BM:SSp ! supraspinal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002883
name: central amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "central nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:74047]
synonym: "central nucleus of amygda" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2682]
synonym: "amygdala central nucleus" RELATED [BTO:0002686]
synonym: "nucleus amygdalae centralis" RELATED [BTO:0002686]
xref: FMA:74047 ! Central amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2682 ! Central amygdaloid nucleus
xref: BTO:0002686 ! central amygdaloid nucleus
xref: MA:0002923 ! central amygdaloid nucleus
xref: EV:0100191 ! central amygdaloid nucleus
xref: BM:Tel-Am-ACE ! central nucleus of amygdala
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 ! amygdala

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002884
name: intercalated amygdaloid nuclei
synonym: "intercalated amygdaloid nuclei" EXACT [FMA:61868]
synonym: "intercalated masses of nucleus amygdaloideus" EXACT [FMA:61868]
synonym: "intercalated nuclei of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:61868]
synonym: "intercalated amygdaloid nucleus" EXACT [FMA:61868]
synonym: "massa intercalata" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2683]
synonym: "massa intercalata of amygdala" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2683]
synonym: "intercalated nucleus of the amygdala" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2683]
xref: FMA:61868 ! Intercalated amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2683 ! Intercalated amygdaloid nuclei
xref: MA:0002925 ! intercalated amygdaloid nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 ! amygdala

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002885
name: accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "accessory basal nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2686]
synonym: "basal amygdaloid nucleus, medial part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2686]
synonym: "basomedial nucleus (de olmos)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2686]
xref: FMA:61867 ! Accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2686 ! Accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 ! amygdala

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002886
name: lateral amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "lateral nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:61866]
synonym: "lateral principal nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:61866]
synonym: "nucleus amygdalae lateralis" RELATED [BTO:0002704]
xref: FMA:61866 ! Lateral amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2687 ! Lateral amygdaloid nucleus
xref: BTO:0002704 ! lateral amygdaloid nucleus
xref: MA:0002926 ! lateral amygdaloid nucleus
xref: BM:Tel-Am-ALA ! lateral nucleus of amygdala
xref: ABA:LA ! Lateral amygdalar nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 ! amygdala

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006107
name: basolateral amygdaloid nuclear complex
synonym: "BL" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679]
synonym: "Basolateral nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679]
synonym: "amygdalar basolateral nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679]
synonym: "amygdaloid basolateral complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679]
synonym: "basolateral amygdaloid nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679]
synonym: "basolateral nuclear group" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679]
synonym: "pars basolateralis (Corpus amygdaloideum)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679]
synonym: "vicarious cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679]
synonym: "amygdaloid basolateral complex" EXACT [FMA:84016]
synonym: "basolateral nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:84016]
synonym: "basolateral nuclei of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:84016]
synonym: "vicarious cortex" EXACT [FMA:84016]
synonym: "set of basolateral nuclei of amygdala" RELATED [FMA:84016]
xref: FMA:84016 ! set of basolateral nuclei of amygdala
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2679 ! Basolateral amygdaloid nuclear complex
is_a: UBERON:0007245 ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: part_of BERON:0001876 ! amygdala
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002023 {source="ABA"} ! claustrum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002887 ! basal amygdaloid nucleus
name: basal amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "basolateral amygdaloid nucleus" EXACT [FMA:68855]
synonym: "basolateral nucleus (de olmos)" EXACT []
synonym: "intermediate principal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:68855]
synonym: "basolateral amygaloid nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2692]
synonym: "basolateral amygdalar nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2692]
xref: FMA:68855 ! Basal amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2692 ! Basal amygdaloid nucleus
xref: MA:0002921 ! basolateral amygdaloid nucleus
xref: ABA:BLA ! Basolateral amygdalar nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 ! amygdala
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002023 {source="ABA"} ! claustrum
synonym: "nucleus amygdalae basalis lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:68855]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002888
name: lateral part of basal amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "lateral basal nucleus of the amygdala" EXACT [FMA:68857]
synonym: "lateral division of the basal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:68857]
synonym: "lateral basal nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2695]
synonym: "lateral division of basal nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2695]
xref: FMA:68857 ! Lateral part of basal amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2695 ! Lateral part of basal amygdaloid nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002887 ! basal amygdaloid nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002889
name: medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "basomedial amygdaloid nucleus" EXACT [FMA:68858, MA:0002922]
synonym: "medial basal nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:68858]
synonym: "medial division of basal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:68858]
synonym: "basomedial amygdalar nucleus" EXACT [ABA:BMA]
xref: FMA:68858 ! Medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2696 ! Medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus
xref: MA:0002922 ! basomedial amygdaloid nucleus
xref: ABA:BMA ! Basomedial amygdalar nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002887 ! basal amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "nucleus amygdalae basalis medialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:68858]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002890
name: anterior amygdaloid area
synonym: "anterior amygaloid area" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2698]
synonym: "anterior amygdalar area" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2698]
xref: FMA:61861 ! Anterior amygdaloid area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2698 ! Anterior amygdaloid area
xref: MA:0002919 ! anterior amygdaloid area
xref: ABA:AAA ! Anterior amygdalar area
xref: BM:Tel-Am-AAA ! anterior amygdaloid area
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 ! amygdala

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002891
name: cortical amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "posterior cortical nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:61862]
synonym: "posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2700]
synonym: "nucleus amygdalae corticalis" RELATED [BTO:0002703]
xref: FMA:61862 ! Cortical amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2700 ! Cortical amygdaloid nucleus
xref: BTO:0002703 ! cortical amygdaloid nucleus
xref: MA:0002924 ! cortical amygdaloid nucleus
xref: EV:0100193 ! cortical amygdaloid nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 ! amygdala

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002892
name: medial amygdaloid nucleus
synonym: "medial nucleus of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:74046]
synonym: "medial amygalar nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2701]
synonym: "nucleus amygdalae medialis" RELATED [BTO:0002702]
xref: FMA:74046 ! Medial amygdaloid nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2701 ! Medial amygdaloid nucleus
xref: BTO:0002702 ! medial amygdaloid nucleus
xref: MA:0002927 ! medial amygdaloid nucleus
xref: EV:0100192 ! medial amygdaloid nucleus
xref: BM:Tel-Am-AME ! medial nucleus of amygdala
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001876 ! amygdala

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013201 ! olfactory pathway
name: olfactory pathway
def: "Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes the olfactory nerve; olfactory bulb; olfactory tract, olfactory tubercle, anterior perforated substance, and olfactory cortex. The term rhinencephalon is restricted to structures in the CNS receiving fibers from the olfactory bulb." [MESH:A08.186.211.577.699]
synonym: "anterior perforated substance" RELATED  [MESH:A08.186.211.577.699]
synonym: "rhinencephalon" RELATED  [MESH:A08.186.211.577.699]
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! neuron projection bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005725 ! olfactory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 ! limbic system
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001579 ! olfactory nerve
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001883 ! olfactory tubercle
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002264 ! olfactory bulb
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002265 ! olfactory tract
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002894 ! olfactory cortex
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.699 ! olfactory pathway
xref: SCTID:281148007 ! Entire olfactory pathway

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008981
name: rhinencephalon
def: "The olfactory region of the brain, located in the cerebrum." [BTO:0002785]
is_obsolete: true
comment: Obsoleted because The term rhinencephalon has been used to describe different structures at different points in time.[ISBN 0-8493-8631-4]. May refer to: a specific structure in aves;  a part of the brain involved with olfaction; 
synonym: "olfactory brain" RELATED [BTO:0002785]
consider: SCTID:361576004 ! Entire rhinencephalon
consider: BTO:0002785 ! rhinencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002894
name: olfactory cortex
def: "The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors[GO]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_cortex]
comment: Editor note - consider relationship: receives_input_from UBERON:0002264 {source="GO"} ! olfactory bulb
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "olfactory lobe" RELATED [MA:0000193]
synonym: "archaeocortex" RELATED [BTO:0001446]
synonym: "archeocortex" RELATED [BTO:0001446]
xref: EHDAA:5482 ! olfactory cortex
xref: VHOG:0000325 ! olfactory cortex
xref: MA:0000193 ! olfactory cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2707 ! Olfactory cortex
xref: BTO:0001446 ! olfactory cortex
xref: EHDAA2:0001289 ! olfactory cortex
xref: EMAPA:17779 ! olfactory cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005366 {source="MA"} ! olfactory lobe
property_value: homology_notes " (In mammals) Odorant detection is mediated by millions of olfactory sensory neurons located in the olfactory epithelium lining the nasal cavity. These neurons transmit sensory signals to the olfactory bulb of the brain, which in turn sends signals to the olfactory cortex.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000325", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00097.x Buck LB\, Olfactory receptors and odor coding in mammals. Nutrition Reviews (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: external_definition "That portion of the cerebral cortex that, with the palaeocortex, develops in association with the olfactory system, and which is phylogenetically older than the neocortex and lacks its layered structure. The embryonic archaeocortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus in mature mammals[BTO:0001446]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0001446"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002264
name: olfactory bulb
def: "A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO]. Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with a set of olfactory nerves and an olfactory tract. In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the inferior (bottom) side of the brain. The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium, and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. The bulb is divided into two distinct structures, the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory bulb[WP]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb, BTO:0000961]
comment: Note that in uberon 'main olfactory bulb' is a separate class, but some ontologies may treat this as partially synonymous. The distinction may only make sense in tetrapods with a vomeronasal organ (olfactory nerves terminate in OB in fishes and in main OB in tetrapods - Butler and Hodos). Development notes: the olfactory bulbs develop as bilateral evaginations from a region of the prosencephalic neural plate intercalated between the septal and the cortical anlagen (Cobos et al. 2001b, Rubenstein et al. 1998). Comparing the structure of the olfactory bulb among vertebrate species, such as the leopard frog and the lab mouse, reveals that they all share the same fundamental layout(WP).
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "olfactory lobe" RELATED [ZFA:0000402]
synonym: "bulbus olfactorius" EXACT [Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb]
xref: BTO:0000961
xref: FMA:77624 ! Olfactory bulb
xref: GAID:633 ! olfactory bulb
xref: VHOG:0000033 ! olfactory bulb
xref: MA:0000194 ! olfactory bulb
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1137 ! Olfactory bulb
xref: TAO:0000402 ! olfactory bulb
xref: ZFA:0000402 ! olfactory bulb
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Bulb ! Olfactory Bulb
xref: EHDAA2:0004705 ! olfactory bulb
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1543%2CVesalius%27OlfactoryBulbs.jpg/200px-1543%2CVesalius%27OlfactoryBulbs.jpg
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.699.573 ! olfactory bulb
xref: EV:0100173 ! olfactory bulb
xref: ABA:OLF ! Olfactory bulb
xref: BM:Tel-OB ! olfactory bulb
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005366 ! olfactory lobe
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001893 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! telencephalon
relationship: capable_of GO:0007608 ! sensory perception of smell
relationship: has_part CL:0000626 {source="ZFA"} ! olfactory granule cell
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002421 {source="ABA"} ! hippocampal formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001950 {source="ABA"} ! neocortex
xref: AAO:0010165 ! olfactory bulb
xref: SCTID:279394006 ! Entire olfactory bulb
xref: XAO:0004180 ! olfactory bulb
synonym: "bulbus olfactorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/1543,Vesalius%27OlfactoryBulbs.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Part of the telencephalon comprised of anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010165", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The part of the forebrain in which the olfactory nerves end and the olfactory tracts originate. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000033", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The presence of paired evaginated hemispheres and olfactory bulbs in both agnathan and gnathostome radiations suggests that such hemispheres were also present in the common ancestor.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000033", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1146/annurev.ne.04.030181.001505 Northcutt RG\, Evolution of the telencephalon in nonmammals. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. (1981)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: external_definition "Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with a set of olfactory nerves and an olfactory tract[FMA:77624]." xsd:string {source="FMA:77624"}
property_value: external_definition "Part of the rostral part of the cerebrum where axons of olfactory cells from the nasal mucosa terminate. Projects onto olfactory parts of pallium via olfactory tracts" xsd:string {source="ISBN10:0471888893"}
xref: UMLS:C0028936

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009951
name: main olfactory bulb
def: "The main olfactory bulb has a multi-layered cellular architecture. In order from surface to the center the layers are: Glomerular layer, External plexiform layer, Mitral cell layer, Internal plexiform layer, Granule cell layer[WP]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb#Main_olfactory_bulb]
comment: Note that the structure in many ontologies called simply 'olfactory bulb' may in fact belong here
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002264 {source="cjm"} ! olfactory bulb
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004069 {source="ABA"} ! accessory olfactory bulb
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002266 {source="ABA"} ! anterior olfactory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002893 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002590 {source="ABA"} ! prepyriform area
xref: ABA:MOB ! Main olfactory bulb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004069
name: accessory olfactory bulb
def: "the forebrain region that coordinates sensory signaling arising from the vomeronasal organ; it is located on the dorsal-posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb, and the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb project to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus" [MP:0009945, Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb#Accessory_olfactory_bulb]
comment: Site of termination of vomeronasal nerve; projects to: other parts of pallial amygdala, medial amygdala, subpallial nucleus (Butler and Hodos)
synonym: "accessory olfactory formation" RELATED [MA:0000966]
synonym: "olfactory bulb accessory nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090453]
xref: MA:0000966 ! accessory olfactory bulb
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090453 ! Olfactory bulb accessory nucleus
xref: BTO:0004797 ! accessory olfactory bulb
xref: ABA:AOB ! Accessory olfactory bulb
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002264 {source="cjm"} ! olfactory bulb
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0009121 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! vomeronasal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002266 {source="ABA"} ! anterior olfactory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002893 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002590 {source="ABA"} ! prepyriform area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005366 ! olfactory lobe
name: olfactory lobe
def: "Olfactory apparatus on the lower surface of the frontal lobe of the brain. It consists of the olfactory bulb, tract, and trigone[BTO]." [BTO:0001362]
xref: MA:0002413 ! olfactory lobe
xref: BTO:0001362 ! olfactory lobe
xref: EFO:0000108 ! olfactory lobe
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0001294 ! olfactory lobe
xref: EHDAA:5480 ! olfactory lobe [part_of: "telencephalon"]
xref: EMAPA:17778 ! olfactory lobe
xref: VHOG:0000833 ! olfactory lobe [broader: "telencephalon"]
xref: MA:0002413 ! olfactory lobe [part_of: "telencephalon"]
xref: MIAA:0000116 ! olfactory lobe [SYNONYM: "olfactory bulb" (related)] [broader: "forebrain"]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Lobe ! Olfactory Lobe
property_value: homology_notes " (In mammals) Odorant detection is mediated by millions of olfactory sensory neurons located in the olfactory epithelium lining the nasal cavity. These neurons transmit sensory signals to the olfactory bulb of the brain, which in turn sends signals to the olfactory cortex.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000833", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00097.x Buck LB\, Olfactory receptors and odor coding in mammals. Nutrition Reviews (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: external_definition "Part of the telencephalon, comprised of paired anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits. In Xenopus,the olfactory bulbs begin to fuse at NF stage 50, fusion is complete around NF stage 58. The cerebral vein loops around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43[XAO:0004180]." xsd:string {source="XAO:0004180"}
xref: UMLS:C0178780

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002922
name: olfactory trigone
def: "The olfactory trigone is a small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. Its apex, directed forward, occupies the posterior part of the olfactory sulcus, and is brought into view by throwing back the olfactory tract. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_trigone]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "trigonum olfactorium" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4042]
synonym: "trigonum olfactorium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Olfactory_trigone]
xref: FMA:74883 ! Olfactory trigone
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4042 ! Olfactory trigone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005366 {source="BTO-def"} ! olfactory lobe
xref: ncithesaurus:Trigonum_Olfactorium ! Trigonum Olfactorium
xref: SCTID:369102007 ! Entire olfactory trigone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png
xref: UMLS:C0228279

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005387
alt_id: UBERON:0011916
name: olfactory glomerulus
def: "One of the small globular masses of dense neuropil in the olfactory bulb, containing the first synapse in the olfactory pathway[BTO]. a spherical structure located in the olfactory bulb of the brain where the synapses form between the olfactory nerve terminals and dendrites of mitral, periglomerular and tufted cells. Each glomerulus is surrounded by periglomerular neurons and glial cells which gives it an oval shape.[1][2] All glomeruli are located near the surface of the olfactory bulb. In mammals, glomeruli typically range between 50-120 µm in diameter and number between 1800 and 2400 depending on the species.[1][2] Each glomerulus is composed of two compartments, the olfactory nerve zone and the non-olfactory nerve zone. The olfactory nerve zone is composed of preterminals and terminals of the olfactory nerve and is where the olfactory receptor cells make synapses on their targets.[2] The non-olfactory nerve zone is composed of the dendritic processes of intrinsic neurons and is where dendrodendritic interactions between intrinsic neurons occur.[2] It is the first site for synaptic processing of odor information coming from the nose. It is made up of a globular tangle of axons from the olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium, and dendrites from the mitral cell as well as from juxtaglomerular cells that include tufted cells, periglomerular cells, short axon cells, and astrocytes[WP]." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckMedicus, Wikipedia:Glomerulus_(olfaction)]
comment: subcellular component, realm of GO?
synonym: "olfactory glomeruli" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "olfactory bulb glomerulus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "glomerulus of olfactory bulb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001047 ! neural glomerulus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002264 ! olfactory bulb
xref: NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090503 ! Olfactory glomerulus
xref: BTO:0003653 ! olfactory glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002728 ! entorhinal area
name: entorhinal area
def: "Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. (DK)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1508, Wikipedia:Entorhinal_cortex]
comment: todo - check area vs complex. ABA:ENT this is part of the hippocampal formation via retrohippocampal region
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Brodmann's area 28" RELATED  [BTO:0002650]
synonym: "entorhinal cortex" RELATED INCONSISTENT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1508]
xref: FMA:72356 ! Entorhinal area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1508 ! Entorhinal cortex
xref: EFO:0001920 ! entorhinal cortex
xref: GAID:636 ! entorhinal cortex
xref: BTO:0002650 ! entorhinal area
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.710.225 ! entorhinal cortex
xref: ABA:ENT ! Entorhinal area
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-ENT ! entorhinal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002973 {source="FMA"} ! parahippocampal gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004725 {source="BTO"} ! piriform cortex
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007613 {source="BTO"} ! memory
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004683 {source="ABA"} ! parasubiculum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001953 {source="ABA"} ! presubiculum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002191 {source="ABA"} ! subiculum
xref: SCTID:369099007 ! Entire entorhinal cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Entorhinal_Cortex ! entorhinal cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray-Brodman-Entorhinal_Cortex_EC_.png
xref: UMLS:C0175196

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007224
name: medial entorhinal cortex
def: "The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area." [BTO:0004347]
xref: BTO:0004346 ! medial entorhinal cortex
xref: MA:0000922 ! medial entorhinal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002895 ! secondary olfactory cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002728 ! entorhinal area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007225
name: lateral entorhinal cortex
def: "The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area." [BTO:0004347]
synonym: "Entorhinal area, lateral part" EXACT [ABA:ENTl]
xref: BTO:0004347 ! lateral entorhinal cortex
xref: MA:0000911 ! lateral entorhinal cortex
xref: ABA:ENTl ! Entorhinal area, lateral part
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002895 ! secondary olfactory cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002728 ! entorhinal area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013589
name: koniocortex
def: "Regions of the cerebal cortex characterized by a particularly well-developed inner granular layer (layer 4); this type of cerebral cortex is represented by the primary sensory Brodmann area 17 of the visual cortex, Brodmann areas 1–3 of the somatic sensory cortex, and Brodmann area 41 of the auditory cortex." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=47303]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002896
name: telodiencephalic fissure
synonym: "telo-diencephalic fissure" EXACT [FMA:83726]
xref: FMA:83726 ! Telodiencephalic fissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4001 ! Telodiencephalic fissure
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002897
name: cistern of lamina terminalis
synonym: "lamina terminalis cistern" EXACT [FMA:74516]
synonym: "cisterna lamina terminalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4002]
xref: FMA:74516 ! Cistern of lamina terminalis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4002 ! Cistern of lamina terminalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Lamina_Terminalis_Cistern ! Lamina Terminalis Cistern
is_a: UBERON:0004050 ! subarachnoid cistern
xref: SCTID:12692002 ! Entire cisterna lamina terminalis
xref: UMLS:C0228153

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002898
name: chiasmatic cistern
def: "In front, the cisterna interpeduncularis extends forward across the optic chiasma, forming the cistern of chiasma or chiasmatic cistern, and on to the upper surface of the corpus callosum, for the arachnoid stretches across from one cerebral hemisphere to the other immediately beneath the free border of the falx cerebri, and thus leaves a space in which the anterior cerebral arteries are contained. The 'leaf' or extension of the chiasmatic cistern above the chiasma, which is separated from the optic recess of the third ventricle by the thin lamina terminalis, has been called the suprachiasmatic cistern. As spaces filled with freely circulating cerebrospinal fluid, cisterns receive little direct study, but are mentioned in pathological conditions. Cysts and tumors of the lamina terminalis extend into the suprachiasmatic cistern, as can pituitary tumors, or the cistern can be partially or completely effaced by injury and hematoma or by blockage of the cerebral aqueduct. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Chiasmatic_cistern]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cisterna chiasmatica" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4003]
synonym: "cisterna chiasmatis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4003]
xref: FMA:74515 ! Chiasmatic cistern
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4003 ! Chiasmatic cistern
xref: ncithesaurus:Chiasmatic_Cistern ! Chiasmatic Cistern
xref: EMAPA:25081 ! cisterna chiasmatica of subarachnoid space of arachnoid mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: EMAPA:19057 ! cisterna chiasmatica of subarachnoid space of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: EMAPA:19150 ! cisterna chiasmatica of subarachnoid space of meninges of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0004050 ! subarachnoid cistern
xref: SCTID:47947006 ! Entire cisterna chiasmatica
synonym: "cisterna chiasmatica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Chiasmatic_cistern]
xref: UMLS:C0228152

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002899
name: hippocampal sulcus
def: "The hippocampal sulcus, also known as the hippocampal fissure, is a sulcus that separates the dentate gyrus from the subiculum and the CA1 field in the hippocampus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hippocampal_sulcus]
comment: AO notes - two classes in ncit (in general ncit distinguishes between fissure and sulcus, whereas FMA treats these as exact synonyms)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dentate fissure" EXACT [FMA:83747]
synonym: "hippocampal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83747]
synonym: "sulcus hippocampi" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4004]
xref: FMA:83747 ! Hippocampal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4004 ! Hippocampal sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Hippocampal_Fissure ! Hippocampal Fissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4004 ! Hippocampal sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg/200px-Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:369101000 ! Entire hippocampal fissure
synonym: "sulcus hippocampalis, sulcus hippocampi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hippocampal_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Hippocampus_%28brain%29.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0228251

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002900
name: transverse occipital sulcus
synonym: "sulcus occipitalis transversus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4013]
xref: FMA:83786 ! Transverse occipital sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4013 ! Transverse occipital sulcus
xref: BTO:0003786 ! transverse occipital sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002901
name: posterior calcarine sulcus
synonym: "postcalcarine sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83787]
synonym: "posterior calcarine fissure" EXACT [FMA:83787]
synonym: "posterior part of calcarine sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83787]
synonym: "sulcus calcarinus posterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4015]
xref: FMA:83787 ! Posterior calcarine sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4015 ! Posterior calcarine sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002903
name: lunate sulcus
synonym: "lunate fissure" EXACT [FMA:83788]
synonym: "sulcus lunatus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4017]
synonym: "sulcus simialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4017]
xref: FMA:83788 ! Lunate sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4017 ! Lunate sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lunate_Sulcus ! Lunate Sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-LUS ! lunate sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: UMLS:C0262278

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002904
name: lateral occipital sulcus
def: "In the occipital lobe, the lateral occipital sulcus extends from behind forward, and divides the lateral surface of the occipital lobe into a superior and an inferior gyrus, which are continuous in front with the parietal and temporal lobes. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_occipital_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sulcus occipitalis lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4018]
xref: FMA:83785 ! Lateral occipital sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4018 ! Lateral occipital sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral-occipital_Sulcus ! Lateral-Occipital Sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Gray727_lateral-occipital_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray727_lateral-occipital_sulcus.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:369219003 ! Entire lateral occipital sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Gray727_lateral-occipital_sulcus.svg
xref: UMLS:C0228229

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002905
name: intralingual sulcus
synonym: "sulcus intralingualis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4019]
xref: FMA:83789 ! Intralingual sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4019 ! Intralingual sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002906
name: anterior occipital sulcus
synonym: "sulcus occipitalis anterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023]
synonym: "ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023]
synonym: "posterior inferior temporal sulcus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023]
synonym: "sulci occipitales superiores" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023]
synonym: "sulcus annectans" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023]
xref: FMA:75758 ! Anterior occipital sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4023 ! Anterior occipital sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002907
name: superior postcentral sulcus
synonym: "postcentral dimple" EXACT [FMA:83775]
synonym: "sulcus postcentralis superior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4025]
xref: FMA:83775 ! Superior postcentral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4025 ! Superior postcentral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002908
name: subparietal sulcus
synonym: "splenial sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83777]
synonym: "suprasplenial sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83777]
synonym: "sulcus subparietalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4026]
xref: FMA:83777 ! Subparietal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4026 ! Subparietal sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-SPS ! subparietal sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279352008 ! Entire subparietal sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002909
name: posterior subcentral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus subcentralis posterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4027]
xref: FMA:83778 ! Posterior subcentral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4027 ! Posterior subcentral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002910
name: posterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus
synonym: "ascending terminal ramus of sylvian fissure" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior ascending limb of lateral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83761]
synonym: "posterior ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83761]
synonym: "ramus posterior ascendens fissurae lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4028]
xref: FMA:83761 ! Posterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4028 ! Posterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
synonym: "ramus posterior sulci lateralis cerebri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83761]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002912
name: marginal sulcus
def: "The marginal sulcus is the portion of the cingulate sulcus adjacent to the paracentral lobule and the precuneus. It is sometimes known as the 'marginal part of the cingulate sulcus'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Marginal_sulcus, Wikipedia:Marginal_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "marginal branch of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83773]
synonym: "marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83773]
synonym: "ramus marginalis sulci cingulati" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4030]
xref: FMA:83773 ! Marginal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4030 ! Marginal sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gray727_marginal_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray727_marginal_sulcus.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
synonym: "ramus marginalis sulci cinguli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83773]
xref: SCTID:279351001 ! Marginal sulcus
synonym: "ramus marginalis; sulcus marginalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Marginal_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Gray727_marginal_sulcus.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002913
name: intraparietal sulcus
def: "The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe, and consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The IPS contains a series of functionally distinct subregions that have been intensively investigated using both single cell neurophysiology in primates and human functional neuroimaging. Its principal functions are related to perceptual-motor coordination (for directing eye movements and reaching) and visual attention. The IPS is also thought to play a role in other functions, including processing symbolic numerical information, visuospatial working memory and interpreting the intent of others. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intraparietal_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "interparietal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83772]
synonym: "intraparietal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83772]
synonym: "sulcus interparietalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4031]
synonym: "intraparietal sulcus of Turner" RELATED [BTO:0003787]
synonym: "sulcus intraparietalis" RELATED [BTO:0003787]
synonym: "Turner sulcus" RELATED [BTO:0003787]
xref: FMA:83772 ! Intraparietal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4031 ! Intraparietal sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Intraparietal_Sulcus ! Intraparietal Sulcus
xref: BTO:0003787 ! intraparietal sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gray726_intraparietal_sulcus.svg/200px-Gray726_intraparietal_sulcus.svg.png
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-IPS ! intraparietal sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279338006 ! Entire intraparietal sulcus
synonym: "sulcus intraparietalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intraparietal_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Gray726_intraparietal_sulcus.svg
xref: UMLS:C0228213

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002914
name: inferior postcentral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus postcentralis inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4032]
xref: FMA:83776 ! Inferior postcentral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4032 ! Inferior postcentral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002915
name: postcentral sulcus
def: "The postcentral sulcus of the parietal lobe lies parallel to, and behind, the central sulcus in the human brain. (A sulcus is one of the prominent grooves on the surface of the brain. ) The postcentral sulcus divides the postcentral gyrus from the remainder of the parietal lobe. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Postcentral_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "postcentral fissure of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [FMA:83774]
synonym: "postcentral fissure-1" EXACT [FMA:83774]
synonym: "structure of postcentral sulcus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4033]
synonym: "sulcus postcentralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4033]
xref: FMA:83774 ! Postcentral sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4033 ! Postcentral sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Postcentral_Sulcus ! Postcentral Sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Postcentral_sulcus.png/200px-Postcentral_sulcus.png
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-PoCS ! postcentral sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279339003 ! Entire postcentral sulcus
synonym: "sulcus postcentralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Postcentral_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Postcentral_sulcus.png
xref: UMLS:C0228212

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002916
name: central sulcus
def: "The central sulcus is a fold in the cerebral cortex of brains in vertebrates. Also called the central fissure, it was originally called the fissure of Rolando or the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando. The central sulcus is a prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Central_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central cerebral sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83752]
synonym: "central fissure" EXACT [FMA:83752]
synonym: "central sulcus of rolando" EXACT []
synonym: "fissure of rolando" EXACT []
synonym: "sulcus of rolando" EXACT []
synonym: "rolandic fissure" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035]
synonym: "sulcus centralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035]
synonym: "sulcus centralis cerebri" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035]
synonym: "sulcus centralis (rolandi)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035]
xref: FMA:83752 ! Central sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4035 ! Central sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Central_Sulcus_of_Rolando ! Central Sulcus of Rolando
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvjMKxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! central sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Central_sulcus.png/200px-Central_sulcus.png
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-CS ! central sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279340001 ! Entire central sulcus
synonym: "sulcus centralis cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Central_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Gray726_central_sulcus.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002917
name: regional part of inferior colliculus
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a inferior colliculus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior colliculus segment" EXACT [FMA:77871]
synonym: "segment of inferior colliculus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4036]
xref: FMA:77871 ! Segment of inferior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4036 ! Regional part of inferior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0002966 ! regional part of midbrain tectum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001946 ! inferior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002918
name: medial parabrachial nucleus
def: "The Medial parabrachial nucleus is a nucleus of the pons which constitutes part of the pneumotaxic center. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_parabrachial_nucleus, Wikipedia:Medial_parabrachial_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:72480 ! Medial parabrachial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4038 ! Medial parabrachial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
synonym: "nucleus parabrachialis medialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_parabrachial_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002919
name: anterior parolfactory sulcus
synonym: "paraolfactory sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83744]
synonym: "paraolfactory sulci" EXACT PLURAL [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4039]
synonym: "sulcus parolfactorius anterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4039]
xref: FMA:83744 ! Anterior parolfactory sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4039 ! Anterior parolfactory sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002920
name: callosal sulcus
def: "The callosal sulcus is a sulcus in the brain between the cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum, below the longitudinal cerebral fissure. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Callosal_sulcus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sulcus of corpus callosum" EXACT [FMA:83743]
synonym: "sulcus corporis callosi" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4040]
xref: FMA:83743 ! Callosal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4040 ! Callosal sulcus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gray727_sulcus_of_the_corpus_callosum.svg/200px-Gray727_sulcus_of_the_corpus_callosum.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279349000 ! Callosal sulcus
synonym: "sulcus corporis callosi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Callosal_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray727_sulcus_of_the_corpus_callosum.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002921
name: longitudinal fissure
def: "The deep groove which separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain. The falx cerebri, a dural brain covering, lies within the medial longitudinal fissure. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_longitudinal_fissure]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hemispheric sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83727]
synonym: "interhemispheric fissure" EXACT [FMA:83727]
synonym: "longitudinal cerebral fissure" EXACT [FMA:83727]
synonym: "longitudinal sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83727]
synonym: "medial longitudinal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83727]
synonym: "sagittal fissure" EXACT [FMA:83727]
synonym: "fissura interhemispherica" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041]
synonym: "fissura longitudinalis cerebrales" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041]
synonym: "fissura longitudinalis cerebri" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041]
synonym: "fissura longitudinalis magna" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041]
synonym: "longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041]
synonym: "longitudinal fissure of hemisphere" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041]
xref: FMA:83727 ! Longitudinal fissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4041 ! Longitudinal fissure
xref: ncithesaurus:Longitudinal_Fissure ! Longitudinal Fissure
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJlWu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! longitudinal fissure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hemispheres.png/200px-Hemispheres.png
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000315 ! subarachnoid space
xref: SCTID:369225004 ! Entire longitudinal cerebral fissure
xref: UMLS:C0228186

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002923
name: posterior parolfactory sulcus
xref: FMA:83745 ! Posterior parolfactory sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4043 ! Posterior parolfactory sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002924
name: terminal nerve
def: "The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina.  It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest." [PMID:15821344, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-041202-1, Wikipedia:Terminal_nerve]
comment: PMID:2286018 state: 'The presence of an additional cranial nerve (the nervus terminalis or cranial nerve zero) is well documented in many non-human vertebrate species. However, its existence in the adult human has been disputed. The present study focused on the structure and incidence of this nerve in the adult human brain. The nerve was examined post-mortem in 10 adult brains using dissection microscopy, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. In all specimens, the nervus terminalis was identified bilaterally as a microscopic plexus of unmyelinated peripheral nerve fascicles in the subarachnoid space covering the gyrus rectus of the orbital surface of the frontal lobes. The plexus appeared in the region of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid and coursed posteriorly to the vicinity of the olfactory trigone, medial olfactory gyrus, and lamina terminalis. We conclude that the terminal nerve is a common finding in the adult human brain, confirming early light microscopic reports.'
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nervus terminalis" EXACT [ZFA:0001356]
synonym: "cranial nerve zero" EXACT [Wikipedia:Terminal_nerve]
synonym: "cranial nerve 0" EXACT [Wikipedia:Terminal_nerve]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4044 ! terminal nerve
xref: ZFA:0001356 ! terminal nerve
xref: EFO:0003678 ! terminal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001785 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial nerve
xref: TAO:0001356 ! terminal nerve
property_value: external_definition "The terminal nerve, located anterior to cranial nerve I, is comprised of a group of cells with somata adjacent to the olfactory bulb and processes that extend anteriorly to the olfactory epithelium and posteriorly to the telencephalon. In teleost fish an additional group of axons extends along the optic tract and delivers putative neuromodulators to the retina.  It is thought to develop from cranial neural crest. Whitlock 2004. Also see Grens, Greenwood and Fernald, Brain Behav Evol 2005; 66(1):1-9.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001356", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002304
name: layer of dentate gyrus
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "dentate gyrus layer" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83678 ! Layer of dentate gyrus
xref: MA:0002429 ! dentate gyrus layer
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001885 ! dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004679
name: dentate gyrus molecular layer
synonym: "dentate gyrus molecular layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4127]
synonym: "molecular layer of dentate gyrus" EXACT [FMA:83677]
xref: FMA:83677 ! molecular layer of dentate gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4127 ! Dentate gyrus molecular layer
is_a: UBERON:0002304 ! layer of dentate gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001885 ! dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002928
name: dentate gyrus polymorphic layer
xref: MA:0002864 ! dentate gyrus polymorphic layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4128 ! Dentate gyrus polymorphic layer
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0002304 ! layer of dentate gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002929
name: dentate gyrus pyramidal layer
xref: MA:0000948 ! dentate gyrus pyramidal layer
is_a: UBERON:0002304 ! layer of dentate gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005381
name: dentate gyrus granule cell layer
synonym: "granular layer of dentate gyrus" EXACT [FMA:83146]
synonym: "DG granule cell layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4129]
xref: MA:0000946 ! dentate gyrus granule cell layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4129 ! Dentate gyrus granule cell layer
xref: FMA:83146 ! Granular layer of dentate gyrus
xref: ABA:DG-sg ! Dentate gyrus, granule cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0002304 ! layer of dentate gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002930
name: tectopontine tract
synonym: "tectopontine fibers" EXACT [FMA:72505]
synonym: "tectopontine fibres" EXACT [FMA:72505]
xref: FMA:72505 ! Tectopontine tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_701 ! Tectopontine tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "fibrae tectopontinae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72505]
xref: SCTID:3301002 ! Tectopontine fibers

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002931
name: dorsal septal nucleus
xref: FMA:61877 ! Dorsal septal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_704 ! Dorsal septal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002932
name: trapezoid body
def: "The trapezoid body is part of the acoustic pathway. It is a bundle of fibers and cells in the pontine tegmentum. It consists of fibers arising from the ventral cochlear nucleus. A collection of nerve cells inside forms a trapezoid nucleus. The superior olivary nucleus is situated on the dorsal surface of the trapezoid body. Most nerve fibers pass directly from the superior olivary nuclei to the inferior colliculus. Axons leaving the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) form a broad pathway that crosses under the brain stem in the trapezoid body. A thin pathway, the intermediate acoustic stria, also leaves the VCN, merging with the trapezoid body close to the superior olivary complex, where many of its axons synapse. Axons leaving the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) form the dorsal acoustic stria, which reaches primarily the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Trapezoid_body]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:72487 ! Trapezoid body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_707 ! Trapezoid body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Gray760.png/200px-Gray760.png
xref: BM:TB ! trapezoid body
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
xref: SCTID:369019006 ! Entire trapezoid body
synonym: "corpus trapezoideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trapezoid_body]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Gray760.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002933
name: nucleus of anterior commissure
synonym: "anterior commissure nucleus" EXACT [FMA:61883]
synonym: "bed nucleus of anterior commissure" EXACT [FMA:61883]
synonym: "nucleus of commissura anterior" EXACT [FMA:61883]
xref: FMA:61883 ! Nucleus of anterior commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_712 ! Nucleus of anterior commissure
xref: ABA:BAC ! Bed nucleus of the anterior commissure
xref: BM:Tel-ACN ! nucleus of anterior commissure
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002663 ! septal nuclear complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002934
name: ventral oculomotor nucleus
synonym: "ventral oculomotor cell column" EXACT [FMA:72422]
xref: FMA:72422 ! Ventral oculomotor nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_713 ! Ventral oculomotor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002647
name: magnocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
synonym: "dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part" EXACT [FMA:62161]
synonym: "magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62161]
synonym: "magnocellular nucleus of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62161]
synonym: "magnocellular part of dorsomedial nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62161]
synonym: "magnocellular part of mediodorsal nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262]
synonym: "nucleus medialis dorsalis, pars magnocellularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262]
synonym: "nucleus medialis fibrosus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262]
synonym: "nucleus medialis fibrosus (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262]
xref: FMA:62161 ! Magnocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1262 ! Magnocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002739 {source="FMA"} ! medial dorsal nucleus
synonym: "pars magnocellularis nuclei mediodorsalis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62161]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002759
name: magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body
synonym: "medial division of medial geniculate body" EXACT [FMA:62218]
synonym: "medial geniculate complex, medial part" EXACT [FMA:62218]
synonym: "medial geniculate nucleus, medial part" EXACT [FMA:62218]
synonym: "medial magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body" EXACT [FMA:62218]
synonym: "medial nucleus of medial geniculate body" EXACT [FMA:62218]
synonym: "corpus geniculatus mediale, pars magnocelluaris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612]
synonym: "magnocelluar nucleus of medial geniculate complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612]
synonym: "nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars magnocelluaris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612]
synonym: "nucleus geniculatus medialis magnocelluaris (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612]
synonym: "nucleus geniculatus medialis, pars magnocelluaris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612]
synonym: "nucleus medialis magnocellularis corporis geniculati medialis" RELATED [BTO:0002672]
xref: FMA:62218 ! Magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1612 ! Magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: BTO:0002672 ! medial nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: ABA:MGm ! Medial geniculate complex, medial part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001927 ! medial geniculate body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002758 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002985 {source="ABA"} ! ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002935
name: magnocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus
synonym: "magnocellular division of ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62192]
synonym: "ventral anterior nucleus, magnocellular part" EXACT [FMA:62192]
synonym: "ventral anterior nucleus, pars magnocellularis" EXACT [FMA:62192]
synonym: "ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part" EXACT [FMA:62192]
synonym: "magnocellular ventral anterior nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716]
synonym: "nucleus lateropolaris (magnocellularis)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716]
synonym: "nucleus lateropolaris magnocellularis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716]
synonym: "nucleus rostralis lateralis situs perifascicularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716]
synonym: "nucleus thalamicus ventral anterior, pars magnocellularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis anterior, pars magnocellularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716]
synonym: "ventroanterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716]
xref: FMA:62192 ! Magnocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_716 ! Magnocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-VA-VAmc ! ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus, magnocellular division
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002637 {source="FMA"} ! ventral anterior nucleus
synonym: "pars magnocellularis nuclei ventralis anterior thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62192]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002937
name: parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus
synonym: "ventral anterior nucleus, pars parvicellularis" EXACT [FMA:62191]
synonym: "ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part" EXACT [FMA:62191]
synonym: "ventralis anterior (jones)" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus ventralis anterior (dewulf)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_722]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis anterior, pars parvicellularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_722]
xref: FMA:62191 ! Parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_722 ! Parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002637 {source="FMA"} ! ventral anterior nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002936
name: magnocellular part of red nucleus
synonym: "paleoruber" EXACT [FMA:72431]
synonym: "red nucleus, magnocellular part" EXACT [FMA:72431]
xref: FMA:72431 ! Magnocellular part of red nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_720 ! Magnocellular part of red nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001947 ! red nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002938
name: parvocellular part of red nucleus
synonym: "neoruber" EXACT [FMA:72430]
synonym: "red nucleus, parvocellular part" EXACT [FMA:72430]
xref: FMA:72430 ! Parvocellular part of red nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_725 ! Parvocellular part of red nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001947 ! red nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002939
name: ventral posteroinferior nucleus
synonym: "ventral posterior inferior nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62199]
synonym: "ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62199]
synonym: "ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62199]
xref: FMA:62199 ! Ventral posteroinferior nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_728
xref: BTO:0002464 ! ventrobasal complex of thalamus
xref: BTO:0004373 ! ventral posterior nucleus (also: UBERON:0002596 'ventral posterior nucleus')
xref: BTO:0004374 ! ventral posterior inferior nucleus (also: UBERON:0002596 'ventral posterior nucleus')
xref: EV:0100209 ! ventral posterior thalamic nucleus (also: UBERON:0002596 'ventral posterior nucleus')
xref: BM:Die-Th-VPI ! ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus (also: UBERON:0002596 'ventral posterior nucleus')
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterior inferior thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62199]
xref: SCTID:369173003 ! Entire ventral posterior inferior nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002940
name: anterior column of fornix
synonym: "anterior crus of fornix" EXACT [FMA:61966]
synonym: "anterior pillar of fornix" EXACT [FMA:61966]
xref: FMA:61966 ! Anterior column of fornix
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_731 ! Anterior column of fornix
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002941
name: capsule of red nucleus
synonym: "red nuclear capsule" EXACT [FMA:72450]
xref: FMA:72450 ! Capsule of red nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_732 ! Capsule of red nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001947 ! red nucleus
xref: SCTID:369245007 ! Entire capsule of red nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002781
name: caudal part of ventral posterolateral nucleus
synonym: "ventral posterior lateral nucleus (ilinsky)" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral posterolateral nucleus, caudal part" EXACT [FMA:62206]
synonym: "ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, caudal part" EXACT [FMA:62206]
xref: FMA:62206 ! Caudal part of ventral posterolateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1681 ! Caudal part of ventral posterolateral nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002942
name: ventral posterolateral nucleus
def: "The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) it constitutes the ventral posterior nucleus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "posterolateral ventral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62200]
synonym: "ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62200]
synonym: "ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62200]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterolateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis thalami posterior lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737]
synonym: "posterolateral ventral nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737]
synonym: "ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737]
xref: FMA:62200 ! Ventral posterolateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_737 ! Ventral posterolateral nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: ABA:VPL ! Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002945 {source="ABA"} ! ventral posteromedial nucleus
xref: SCTID:369171001 ! Entire ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002943
name: lingual gyrus
def: "The lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus; behind, it reaches the occipital pole; in front, it is continued on to the tentorial surface of the temporal lobe, and joins the hippocampal gyrus. The lingual gyrus is so-named because it resembles the tongue in shape. This region is believed to play an important role in dreaming and vision, especially in recognizing words, regardless of size, font, etc. Shunt [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lingual_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lingula of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [FMA:61904]
synonym: "medial occipitotemporal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61904]
synonym: "medial occipitotemporal gyrus-2" EXACT [FMA:61904]
xref: FMA:61904 ! Lingual gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_740 ! Lingual gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gray727_lingual_gyrus.png/200px-Gray727_lingual_gyrus.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002021 ! occipital lobe
synonym: "gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61904]
xref: SCTID:279203007 ! Entire medial occipitotemporal gyrus
synonym: "gyrus lingualis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lingual_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray727_lingual_gyrus.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007703 ! spinothalamic tract
name: spinothalamic tract
def: "a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling[GO]." [Wikipedia:Spinothalamic_tract]
is_a: UBERON:0007702 ! tract of brain
xref: SCTID:280417000 ! Spinothalamic tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010017 ! Spinothalamic tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Spinal_cord_tracts_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002609
name: spinothalamic tract of midbrain
xref: FMA:72463 ! Spinothalamic tract of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1150 ! Spinothalamic tract of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0007702 {source="FMA"} ! tract of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007703 ! spinothalamic tract
xref: SCTID:369090006 ! Entire spinothalamic tract of midbrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002798
name: spinothalamic tract of pons
def: "Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the pontine tegmentum" [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1719]
synonym: "pons of varolius spinothalamic tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pons of varolius spinothalamic tract of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pons spinothalamic tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pons spinothalamic tract of medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinothalamic tract of medulla of pons" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinothalamic tract of medulla of pons of varolius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinothalamic tract of pons of varolius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72504 ! Spinothalamic tract of pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1719 ! Spinothalamic tract of pons
is_a: UBERON:0007702 {source="FMA"} ! tract of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 {source="FMA"} ! pontine tegmentum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007703 ! spinothalamic tract
xref: SCTID:369026006 ! Entire spinothalamic tract of pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002944
name: spinothalamic tract of medulla
def: "Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the medulla" [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_741]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "spinothalamic tract" BROAD [FMA:72644, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_741]
xref: FMA:72644 ! Spinothalamic tract of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_741 ! Spinothalamic tract of medulla
xref: GAID:703 ! spinothalamic tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg/200px-Medulla_spinalis_-_tracts_-_English.svg.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.854.761 ! spinothalamic tract
is_a: UBERON:0007702 {source="FMA"} ! tract of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="FMA"} ! medulla oblongata
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019233 {source="GO"} ! nociception
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007703 ! spinothalamic tract
xref: SCTID:360570003 ! Spinothalamic tract of medulla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002945
name: ventral posteromedial nucleus
def: "The ventral posteromedial nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_posteromedial_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arcuate nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62202]
synonym: "arcuate nucleus-3" EXACT [FMA:62202]
synonym: "posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62202]
synonym: "semilunar nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62202]
synonym: "thalamic gustatory nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62202]
synonym: "ventral posterior medial nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62202]
synonym: "ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62202]
synonym: "arcuate nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "nucleus arcuatus thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "nucleus semilunaris thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posteromedialis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
synonym: "ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743]
xref: FMA:62202 ! Ventral posteromedial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_743 ! Ventral posteromedial nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png/200px-ThalamicNuclei.png
xref: ABA:VPM ! Ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
xref: BM:Die-Th-VPM ! ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0007692 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of thalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002596 {source="FMA"} ! ventral posterior nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002942 {source="ABA"} ! ventral posterolateral nucleus
xref: SCTID:369172008 ! Entire ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ventral_posteromedial_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ThalamicNuclei.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002946
name: regional part of cerebellum
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a cerebellum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segment of cerebellum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_748]
xref: FMA:256150 ! Segment of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_748 ! Regional part of cerebellum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
xref: SCTID:119242005 ! Cerebellar part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002948
name: superior occipital gyrus
synonym: "gyrus occipitalis primus" EXACT [FMA:61901]
xref: FMA:61901 ! Superior occipital gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_758 ! Superior occipital gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002021 ! occipital lobe
xref: SCTID:279182006 ! Entire superior occipital gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002949
name: tectospinal tract
def: "a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord[GO]." [Wikipedia:Tectospinal_tract]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "held's bundle" EXACT [FMA:72620]
synonym: "tectospinal pathway" EXACT [FMA:72620]
xref: FMA:72620 ! Tectospinal tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_759 ! Tectospinal tract
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray670.png/200px-Gray670.png
xref: BM:TSp ! tectospinal tract
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "tractus tectospinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tectospinal_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Gray670.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002950
name: regional part of midbrain
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain segment" EXACT [FMA:61997]
synonym: "segment of midbrain" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_763]
xref: FMA:61997 ! Segment of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_763 ! Regional part of midbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
xref: SCTID:119239004 ! Midbrain part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002951
name: regional part of intermediate hypothalamic region
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a intermediate hypothalamic region [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate hypothalamic region segment" EXACT [FMA:62310]
synonym: "segment of intermediate hypothalamic region" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_767]
xref: FMA:62310 ! Segment of intermediate hypothalamic region
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_767 ! Regional part of intermediate hypothalamic region
is_a: UBERON:0003048 ! regional part of hypothalamus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002555 ! intermediate hypothalamic region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002952
name: intermediate acoustic stria
synonym: "commissure of held" EXACT []
synonym: "intermediate acoustic stria of held" EXACT []
synonym: "intermediate acoustic stria (held)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_768]
xref: FMA:72497 ! Intermediate acoustic stria
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_768 ! Intermediate acoustic stria
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002953
name: lateral lemniscus
alt_id: UBERON:0003042
def: "The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_lemniscus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral fillet" EXACT [FMA:72502]
xref: FMA:72502 ! Lateral lemniscus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_976 ! Lateral lemniscus 
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lateral_lemniscus.PNG/200px-Lateral_lemniscus.PNG
xref: BM:Pons-LL ! lateral lemniscus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0003001 ! lemniscus
xref: SCTID:362399003 ! Entire lateral lemniscus
synonym: "lemniscus lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_lemniscus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Lateral_lemniscus.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002954
name: dorsal hypothalamic area
xref: FMA:62339 ! Dorsal hypothalamic area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_777 ! Dorsal hypothalamic area
xref: BM:Die-Hy-HDA ! dorsal hypothalamic area
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002955
name: rhomboidal nucleus
synonym: "rhomboid nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62154]
synonym: "rhomboid thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62154]
synonym: "nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis" RELATED [BTO:0002458]
synonym: "nucleus rhomboidalis" RELATED [BTO:0002458]
xref: FMA:62154 ! Rhomboidal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_778 ! Rhomboidal nucleus
xref: BTO:0002458 ! rhomboid nucleus
xref: ABA:RH ! Rhomboid nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003036 {source="ABA"} ! central lateral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001923 {source="ABA"} ! central medial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001924 {source="ABA"} ! paracentral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001922 {source="ABA"} ! parafascicular nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004130 ! cerebellar layer
name: cerebellar layer
synonym: "cell layer of cerebellar cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "layer of cerebellar cortex" EXACT []
synonym: "gray matter layer of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83141]
xref: MA:0000201 ! cerebellar layer
xref: FMA:83141 ! gray matter layer of cerebellum [subclass: "gray matter layer of neuraxis"] 
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex
xref: SCTID:360478008 ! Layer of cerebellum
xref: ncithesaurus:Cortical_Cell_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum ! Cortical Cell Layer of the Cerebellum
xref: UMLS:C1707522

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002956
name: granular layer of cerebellar cortex
def: "The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer." [GO:0021681]
synonym: "cerebellar granular layer" EXACT [GO:0021681]
synonym: "cerebellar granule cell layer" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellum granule cell layer" EXACT [MA:0000993]
synonym: "cerebellum granule layer" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellar granule layer" EXACT []
synonym: "granule cell layer of cerebellar cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_779]
xref: MA:0000993 ! cerebellum granule cell layer
xref: FMA:83140 ! Granular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_779 ! Granular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: BTO:0004425 ! stratum granulosum cerebelli
xref: ABA:CBXgr ! Cerebellar cortex, granular layer
xref: ncithesaurus:Granular_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum ! Granular Layer of the Cerebellum
is_a: UBERON:0004130 ! cerebellar layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002979 {source="ABA"} ! Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: UMLS:C1708253

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002957
name: caudal central oculomotor nucleus
synonym: "caudal central nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72426]
synonym: "caudal central nucleus of oculomotor nerve" EXACT [FMA:72426]
xref: FMA:72426 ! Caudal central oculomotor nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_780 ! Caudal central oculomotor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
xref: SCTID:369239004 ! Entire oculomotor nerve central caudal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002958
name: medial lemniscus of pons
def: "A medial lemniscus that is part of a pons [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medial lemniscus of pons of varolius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pons medial lemniscus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pons of varolius medial lemniscus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72503 ! Medial lemniscus of pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_781 ! Medial lemniscus of pons
is_a: UBERON:0003002 ! medial lemniscus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003002 ! medial lemniscus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002959
name: subfascicular nucleus
xref: FMA:62155 ! Subfascicular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_783 ! Subfascicular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002960
name: central oculomotor nucleus
synonym: "central nucleus of perlia" EXACT []
synonym: "nucleus of perlia" EXACT []
synonym: "spitzka's nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72425]
xref: FMA:72425 ! Central oculomotor nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_786 ! Central oculomotor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002961
name: archicortex
def: "A portion of the cerebral cortex that, with the paleocortex, develops in association with the olfactory system, and which is phylogenetically older than the neocortex and lacks its layered structure. The embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus in mature mammals. Being part of the limbic system, it has functions related to emotions and formation of memory. Signals being sent from the limbic lobe to the hippocampal formations can go via the archicortex as an intermediate." [Wikipedia:Archicortex]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "archipallium" EXACT [FMA:62424]
xref: FMA:62424 ! Archicortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_787
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! region of cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:423918008 ! Structure of archicortex
xref: EHDAA2:0004496 ! archipallium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002963
name: caudal pontine reticular nucleus
def: "The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. In rabbits and cats it is exclusively giant cells, however in humans there are normally sized cells as well. The pontis caudalis is rostral to the gigantocellular nucleus and is located in the caudal pons, as the name would indicate. The pontis caudalis has been known to mediate head movement, in concert with the nucleus gigantocellularis and the superior colliculus. The neurons in the dorsal half of this nuclei fire rhythmically during mastication, and in an anesthetized animal it is possible to induce mastication via electrical stimulation of the PC or adjacent areas of the gigantocellular nucleus. The pontis caudalis is also thought to play a role in the grinding of teeth during sleep. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part" EXACT [FMA:72469]
xref: FMA:72469 ! Caudal pontine reticular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_792 ! Caudal pontine reticular nucleus
xref: ABA:PRNc ! Pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0007413 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of pontine reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002968 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002151 {source="ABA"} ! pontine nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus
synonym: "nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002964
name: dorsal oculomotor nucleus
synonym: "dorsal oculomotor cell column" EXACT [FMA:62442]
xref: FMA:62442 ! Dorsal oculomotor nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_793 ! Dorsal oculomotor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002965
name: rostral intralaminar nuclei
synonym: "rostral intralaminar nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62164]
synonym: "rostral intralaminar nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:62164]
synonym: "nuclei intralaminares rostrales" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_794]
xref: FMA:62164 ! Rostral intralaminar nuclear group
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_794 ! Rostral intralaminar nuclei
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002966
name: regional part of midbrain tectum
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a midbrain tectum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain tectum segment" EXACT [FMA:62398]
synonym: "segment of midbrain tectum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_795]
xref: FMA:62398 ! Segment of midbrain tectum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_795 ! Regional part of midbrain tectum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002314 ! midbrain tectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002967 ! cingulate gyrus
name: cingulate gyrus
def: "A gyrus in the medial part of the brain. It partially wraps around the corpus callosum and is limited above by the cingulate sulcus. The cortical part of the cingulate gyrus is referred to as cingulate cortex.[Wikipedia]. The cingulate gyrus receives inputs from the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the neocortex, as well as from somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex. It projects to the entorhinal cortex via the cingulum. It functions as an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory. Also, executive control needed to suppress inappropriate unconscious priming is known to involve the anterior cingulate gyrus. It is also involved in respiratory control." [Wikipedia:Cingulate_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cingulate area" EXACT [FMA:62434]
synonym: "cingulate region" EXACT [FMA:62434]
synonym: "falciform lobe" EXACT [FMA:62434]
synonym: "upper limbic gyrus" EXACT [FMA:62434]
xref: FMA:62434 ! Cingulate gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_798 ! Cingulate gyrus
xref: BTO:0003976 ! cingulate gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png/200px-Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png
xref: BM:Tel-CG ! cingulate gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 ! limbic system
xref: SCTID:279208003 ! Entire cingulate gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Cingulate_Gyrus ! cingulate gyrus
xref: UMLS:C0018427

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002969
name: inferior temporal sulcus
synonym: "inferior temporal sulcus-1" EXACT [FMA:83784]
synonym: "middle temporal sulcus (szikla)" EXACT []
synonym: "second temporal sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83784]
synonym: "sulcus t2" EXACT [FMA:83784]
xref: FMA:83784 ! Inferior temporal sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_800 ! Inferior temporal sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Temporal_Sulcus ! Inferior Temporal Sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-ITS ! inferior temporal sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0000093 ! sulcus
xref: SCTID:279346007 ! Entire inferior temporal sulcus
xref: UMLS:C0228242

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002970
name: intermediate oculomotor nucleus
synonym: "intermediate oculomotor cell column" EXACT [FMA:72420]
xref: FMA:72420 ! Intermediate oculomotor nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_803 ! Intermediate oculomotor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002971
name: periolivary nucleus
synonym: "dorsal periolivary nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72475]
synonym: "peri-olivary nuclei" EXACT [FMA:72475]
xref: MA:0002757 ! periolivary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_804 ! Periolivary nucleus
xref: FMA:72475 ! dorsal periolivary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002680 ! regional part of metencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002128 ! superior olivary complex
synonym: "nuclei periolivares" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72475]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002972
name: centromedian nucleus
def: "In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. It contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Centromedian_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central magnocellular nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62165]
synonym: "central nucleus-1" EXACT [FMA:62165]
synonym: "centre median nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62165]
synonym: "centromedian nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62165]
synonym: "centromedian thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62165]
synonym: "noyau centre median of luys" EXACT []
synonym: "centrum medianum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805]
synonym: "centrum medianum thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805]
synonym: "nucleus centralis centralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805]
synonym: "nucleus centralis thalami (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805]
synonym: "nucleus centri mediani thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805]
synonym: "nucleus centromedianus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805]
synonym: "nucleus centromedianus thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805]
synonym: "nucleus centrum medianum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805]
xref: FMA:62165 ! Centromedian nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_805 ! Centromedian nucleus
xref: EV:0100215 ! centromedian thalamic nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002733 {source="FMA"} ! intralaminar nuclear group
xref: ncithesaurus:Centromedian_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus ! Centromedian Nucleus of the Thalamus
xref: SCTID:279162007 ! Entire centromedian nucleus of thalamus
synonym: "nucleus centromedianus thalami" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Centromedian_nucleus]
xref: UMLS:C0920328

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002973
name: parahippocampal gyrus
def: "a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus. This region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. The anterior part of the gyrus includes the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. The term parahippocampal cortex is used to refer to an area that encompasses both the posterior portion of the parahippocampal gyrus and the medial portion of the fusiform gyrus.[Wikipedia]." [Wikipedia:Parahippocampal_gyrus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hippocampal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61918]
xref: FMA:61918 ! Parahippocampal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_807 ! Parahippocampal gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Parahippocampal_Gyrus ! Parahippocampal Gyrus
xref: GAID:634 ! parahippocampal gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG
xref: BTO:0004380 ! parahippocampal gyrus
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.710 ! parahippocampal gyrus
xref: EV:0100181 ! parahippocampal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 ! limbic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001871 ! temporal lobe
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001954 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hippocampus
relationship: has_function_in GO:0007613 {source="Wikipedia"} ! memory
xref: SCTID:279205000 ! Entire parahippocampal gyrus
synonym: "gyrus parahippocampalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parahippocampal_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG
xref: UMLS:C0228249

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006083
name: Perirhinal cortex
synonym: "perirhinal area" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005006]
synonym: "perirhinal cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005006]
xref: MA:0000912 ! perirhinal cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005006 ! Perirhinal cortex
xref: BTO:0004355 ! perirhinal cortex
xref: ABA:PERI ! Perirhinal area
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-PRh ! perirhinal cortex
xref: EFO:0001978 ! perirhinal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002022 ! insula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002974
name: molecular layer of cerebellar cortex
def: "The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells" [GO:0021679]
comment: Taxon notes: Compare with ZFA:0000636 - cerebellar crest, which is also composed of parallel fibers but located in a more restricted nucleus within the cerebellum
synonym: "cerebellar molecular layer" EXACT [GO:0021679]
synonym: "cerebellum molecular layer" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellum molecular cell layer" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83897 ! Molecular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_810 ! Molecular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: MA:0000996 ! cerebellum molecular cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0004130 ! cerebellar layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Molecular_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum ! Molecular Layer of the Cerebellum
xref: SCTID:369045002 ! Entire molecular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: UMLS:C1709064

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002975
name: medial oculomotor nucleus
synonym: "medial oculomotor cell column" EXACT [FMA:72421]
xref: FMA:72421 ! Medial oculomotor nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_813 ! Medial oculomotor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002976
name: preolivary nucleus
synonym: "preolivary nuclei" EXACT [FMA:72474]
xref: FMA:72474 ! Preolivary nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_814 ! Preolivary nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002128 ! superior olivary complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002977
name: triangular septal nucleus
synonym: "triangular nucleus of septum" EXACT [FMA:61880]
synonym: "triangular nucleus septum (cajal)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_816]
xref: FMA:61880 ! Triangular septal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_816 ! Triangular septal nucleus
xref: ABA:TRS ! Triangular nucleus of septum
xref: BM:Tel-Spt-STN ! triangular septal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007629 {source="ABA"} ! medial septal complex
synonym: "nucleus triangularis septi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61880]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002978
name: oral part of ventral lateral nucleus
synonym: "ventral anterior nucleus, pars densicellularis" EXACT [FMA:62193]
synonym: "ventral lateral anterior nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62193]
synonym: "ventral lateral nucleus, oral part" EXACT [FMA:62193]
synonym: "ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, oral part" EXACT [FMA:62193]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis oralis situs principalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars oralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817]
synonym: "nucleus ventrooralis externus, anterior part (van buren)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817]
synonym: "subnucleus rostralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817]
xref: FMA:62193 ! Oral part of ventral lateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_817 ! Oral part of ventral lateral nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001925 ! ventral lateral nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002979
name: Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex
def: "The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells." [GO:0021680]
synonym: "Purkinje cell layer" EXACT [FMA:83896]
synonym: "cerebellar Purkinje cell layer" EXACT [FMA:83896, GO:0021694]
synonym: "cerebellum Purkinje cell layer" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellum Purkinje layer" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83896 ! Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_818 ! Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: MA:0000997 ! cerebellum purkinje cell layer
xref: BTO:0004909 ! Purkinje layer
xref: ABA:CBXpu ! Cerebellar cortex, Purkinje layer
is_a: UBERON:0004130 ! cerebellar layer
relationship: has_part CL:0000121 ! Purkinje cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002956 {source="ABA"} ! granular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Purkinje_Cell_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum ! Purkinje Cell Layer of the Cerebellum
xref: SCTID:369046001 ! Entire purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: UMLS:C1709776

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002980
name: opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus
synonym: "opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61981]
synonym: "posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61981]
synonym: "pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_823]
xref: FMA:61981 ! Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_823 ! Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002981
name: pulvinar nucleus
def: "The pulvinar is the caudal-most nucleus of the thalamus. The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pulvinar_nuclei]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pulvinar nuclei" EXACT [FMA:62178]
synonym: "pulvinar" EXACT [FMA:62178]
synonym: "pulvinar thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_824]
xref: FMA:62178 ! Pulvinar
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_824 ! Pulvinar
xref: GAID:662 ! pulvinar
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gray719.png/200px-Gray719.png
xref: BTO:0004352 ! pulvinar
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485.600 ! pulvinar
xref: EV:0100213 ! pulvinar
xref: BM:Die-Th-Pl ! pulvinar
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
synonym: "nuclei pulvinares" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62178]
xref: SCTID:279157006 ! Entire pulvinar
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray719.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002982
name: inferior pulvinar nucleus
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_830]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris inferior thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_830]
synonym: "nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_830]
xref: FMA:62183 ! Inferior pulvinar nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_830 ! Inferior pulvinar nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-Pl-Pli ! inferior nucleus of pulvinar
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002983
name: lateral posterior nucleus
synonym: "lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62177]
synonym: "lateral posterior thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62177]
synonym: "laterodorsal nucleus, caudal part" EXACT [FMA:62177]
synonym: "posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62177]
synonym: "lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835]
synonym: "nucleus dorso-caudalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835]
synonym: "nucleus dorsocaudalis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis posterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis posterior thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis thalami posterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835]
xref: FMA:62177 ! Lateral posterior nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_835 ! Lateral posterior nucleus
xref: BTO:0004351 ! lateral posterior nucleus
xref: EV:0100212 ! lateral posterior thalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:LP ! Lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus
xref: BM:Die-Th-LP ! lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002709 {source="ABA"} ! posterior nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003033 {source="ABA"} ! suprageniculate nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Posterior_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus ! Lateral Posterior Nucleus of the Thalamus
xref: SCTID:279155003 ! Entire lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus
xref: UMLS:C0228341

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002984
name: lateral dorsal nucleus
synonym: "lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62176]
synonym: "lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62176]
synonym: "laterodorsal nucleus, superficial part" EXACT [FMA:62176]
synonym: "laterodorsal thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62176]
synonym: "laterodorsal nucleus nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838]
synonym: "laterodorsal nucleus thalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838]
synonym: "nucleus dorsalis superficialis (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838]
synonym: "nucleus dorsolateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis dorsalis of thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis dorsalis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis thalami dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838]
xref: FMA:62176 ! Lateral dorsal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_838 ! Lateral dorsal nucleus
xref: BTO:0004349 ! laterodorsal thalamic nucleus
xref: BTO:0004350 ! lateral dorsal nucleus
xref: EV:0100211 ! lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:LD ! Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus
xref: BM:Die-Th-LD ! lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002679 {source="ABA"} ! anterodorsal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002681 {source="ABA"} ! anteromedial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002685 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral nucleus
synonym: "nucleus dorsalis lateralis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62176]
xref: SCTID:279154004 ! Entire lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002985
name: ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body
synonym: "medial geniculate complex, ventral part" EXACT [FMA:62217]
synonym: "medial geniculate nucleus, ventral part" EXACT [FMA:62217]
synonym: "ventral nucleus of medial geniculate complex" EXACT [FMA:62217]
synonym: "ventral principal nucleus of medial geniculate body" EXACT [FMA:62217]
synonym: "medial nucleus of medial geniculate complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845]
synonym: "nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars ventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845]
synonym: "nucleus geniculatus medialis fasciculosus (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845]
synonym: "nucleus geniculatus medialis pars ventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845]
xref: FMA:62217 ! Ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_845 ! Ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: BTO:0002671 ! ventral principal nucleus of medial geniculate body
xref: ABA:MGv ! Medial geniculate complex, ventral part
xref: BM:Die-Th-MG-MGv ! ventral nucleus of medial geniculate complex
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001927 ! medial geniculate body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002758 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002759 {source="ABA"} ! magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body
synonym: "nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati medialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62217]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002986
name: neurofilament
def: "." [Wikipedia:Neurofilament]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "neuronal intermediate filament" EXACT [FMA:63859]
xref: FMA:63859 ! Neurofilament
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_846
xref: ncithesaurus:Neurofilament ! Neurofilament
xref: GO:0005883 ! neurofilament
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1316272517 ! Neurofilament
is_a: UBERON:0003000 ! intermediate filament
xref: UMLS:C0027834

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002991
name: supramammillary commissure
synonym: "commissure of forel" EXACT []
synonym: "commissure y" EXACT [FMA:62056]
synonym: "postmammillary decussation" EXACT [FMA:62056]
synonym: "supramammillary decussation" EXACT [FMA:62056]
xref: FMA:62056 ! Supramammillary commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_859 ! Supramammillary commissure
is_a: UBERON:0011590 {source="FMA"} ! commissure of diencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002770 {source="FMA"} ! posterior hypothalamic region
xref: SCTID:369148003 ! Entire supramammillary decussation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002992
name: paratenial nucleus
def: "One of the median nuclei of the thalamus, situated ventral and medial to the stria medullaris." [BTO:0002457]
synonym: "nucleus parataenialis thalami" RELATED  [BTO:0002457]
synonym: "paratenial nucleus of thalamus" RELATED  [BTO:0002457]
synonym: "nucleus parataenialis" EXACT [BTO:0002457]
synonym: "parataenial nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62151]
synonym: "paratenial thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62151]
xref: BTO:0002457 ! nucleus parataenialis
xref: FMA:62151 ! Paratenial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_860 ! Paratenial nucleus
xref: ABA:PT ! Parataenial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002705 {source="FMA", source="NIF", source="ABA"} ! midline nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001920 {source="ABA"} ! paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
synonym: "nucleus parataenialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62151]
xref: SCTID:422800004 ! Entire paratenial nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002994
name: nucleus of pretectal area
synonym: "pretectal area nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72401]
xref: FMA:72401 ! Nucleus of pretectal area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_864 ! Nucleus of pretectal area
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001944 ! pretectal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002995
name: substantia nigra pars lateralis
def: "Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta.  Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_866]
comment: disjointness violation - relationship: part_of UBERON:0001966 {source="NIF"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
synonym: "pars lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_866]
synonym: "lateral part of substantia nigra" EXACT [FMA:76844]
synonym: "Substantia nigra, lateral part" EXACT [ABA:SNI]
xref: MA:0001065 ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
xref: FMA:76844 ! lateral part of substantia nigra
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_866 ! Substantia nigra pars lateralis
xref: ABA:SNI ! Substantia nigra, lateral part
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002038 {source="MA"} ! substantia nigra
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003040 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of midbrain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002996
name: nucleus of optic tract
synonym: "large-celled nucleus of optic tract" EXACT [FMA:72403]
synonym: "lentiform nucleus of pretectal area" EXACT [FMA:72403]
synonym: "optic tract nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72403]
synonym: "nucleus of the optic tract" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_868]
xref: FMA:72403 ! Nucleus of optic tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_868 ! Nucleus of optic tract
xref: ABA:NOT ! Nucleus of the optic tract
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001944 ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002711 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of posterior commissure
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002565 {source="ABA"} ! olivary pretectal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006848 {source="ABA"} ! posterior pretectal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002997
name: nucleus of medial eminence
synonym: "medial eminence nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72467]
synonym: "nucleus of eminentia teres" EXACT [FMA:72467]
xref: FMA:72467 ! Nucleus of medial eminence
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_870 ! Nucleus of medial eminence
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002998
name: inferior frontal gyrus
def: "The inferior frontal gyrus is a gyrus of the frontal lobe of the human brain. Its superior border is the inferior frontal sulcus, its inferior border the lateral fissure, and its posterior border is the inferior precentral sulcus. Above it is the middle frontal gyrus, behind it the precentral gyrus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_gyrus]
comment: ncit has two classes, but these are exact synonyms in FMA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior frontal convolution" EXACT [FMA:61860]
xref: FMA:61860 ! Inferior frontal gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Frontal_Convolution ! Inferior Frontal Convolution
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus ! Inferior Frontal Gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_873 ! Inferior frontal gyrus
xref: BTO:0004835 ! inferior frontal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 ! frontal lobe
xref: SCTID:362333004 ! Entire inferior frontal gyrus
synonym: "gyrus frontalis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_gyrus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Inferior_frontal_gyrus.png
xref: UMLS:C0152298

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002999
name: oral pontine reticular nucleus
def: "The oral pontine reticular nucleus is delineated from its caudal brother, with which it shares its first three names. This nucleus tapers into the lower mesencephalic reticular formation and contains sporadic giant cells. Different populations of the pontis oralis have displayed discharge patterns which coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep. From this information it has been implied that the n.r. pontis oralis is involved in the mediation of changing to and from REM sleep. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Oral_pontine_reticular_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pontine reticular nucleus, rostral part" EXACT [FMA:72468]
xref: FMA:72468 ! Oral pontine reticular nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_875 ! Oral pontine reticular nucleus
xref: ABA:PRNv ! Pontine reticular nucleus, ventral part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0007413 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of pontine reticular formation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 {source="FMA"} ! pontine tegmentum
synonym: "nucleus reticularis pontis oralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oral_pontine_reticular_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003000
name: intermediate filament
def: "." [Wikipedia:Intermediate_filament]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:63851 ! Intermediate filament
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_879
xref: ncithesaurus:Intermediate_Filament ! Intermediate Filament
xref: GO:0005882 ! intermediate filament
xref: GAID:1079 ! intermediate filament
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao952483289 ! Intermediate Filament
xref: MESH:A11.284.195.190.750.410 ! intermediate filament
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part
xref: UMLS:C0021770

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003001 ! lemniscus
name: lemniscus
def: "A bundle or band of sensory nerve fibers. ribbon, from Greek lemniskos." [Wikipedia:Lemniscus_(anatomy), NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_881]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:76742 ! Lemniscus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_881 ! Lemniscus
is_a: UBERON:0002616 ! regional part of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003002
name: medial lemniscus
def: "The medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon, is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_lemniscus]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:83675 ! Medial lemniscus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_887 ! Medial lemniscus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray759.png/200px-Gray759.png
xref: BM:LM ! medial lemniscus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0003001 ! lemniscus
xref: SCTID:362398006 ! Entire medial lemniscus
synonym: "lemniscus medialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_lemniscus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray759.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003003
name: microfilament
def: "." [Wikipedia:Microfilament]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "microfilament" EXACT [FMA:63850]
synonym: "microfilamentum" EXACT [FMA:63850]
synonym: "actin filament" EXACT [FMA:63850]
xref: FMA:63850 ! Actin filament
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_888
xref: GO:0005884 ! actin filament
xref: GAID:1080 ! microfilament
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao2006047981 ! Microfilament
xref: MESH:A11.284.195.190.750.510 ! microfilament
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part
xref: ncithesaurus:Actin_Filament ! Actin Filament
xref: UMLS:C0025979

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007414
alt_id: UBERON:0012277 ! tegmental nucleus
name: nucleus of midbrain tegmentum
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a midbrain tegmentum." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class groups together any nuclei in the tegmentum region, possibly including disparate structures across species
xref: FMA:258768 ! nucleus of midbrain tegmentum
xref: ZFA:0005577 ! tegmental nucleus
synonym: "tegmental nucleus" EXACT [ZFA:0005577]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004684 ! raphe nuclei
name: raphe nuclei
def: "Thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane[NIF]. A moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Their main function is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets. The raphe nuclei are traditionally considered to be the medial portion of the reticular formation, and they appear as a ridge of cells in the center and most medial portion of the brain stem." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090205, Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3248146&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
comment: we treat NR obscurus, NR magnus etc as parts of the raphe nuclei. This is consistent with treatment in FMA, where the class is 'set of raphe nuclei'
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "raphe cluster" RELATED [Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei]
synonym: "raphe nuclei" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090205]
synonym: "raphe nuclei" EXACT [FMA:84017]
synonym: "raphe nuclei set" EXACT [FMA:84017]
synonym: "raphe nucleus" RELATED [ZFA:0001429]
xref: FMA:84017 ! set of raphe nuclei
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090205 ! Raphe Nuclei
xref: ZFA:0001429 ! raphe nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.632 ! raphe nuclei
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002275 {source="GO", source="Wikipedia"}  ! reticular formation
relationship: capable_of GO:0001820 {source="Wikipedia"} ! serotonin secretion
synonym: "nuclei raphes" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:84017]
xref: ncithesaurus:Raphe_Nuclei ! raphe nuclei
xref: TAO:0001429 ! raphe nucleus
synonym: "nuclei raphes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png
synonym: "set of raphe nuclei" RELATED [FMA:84017]
xref: UMLS:C0034671

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007412
name: midbrain raphe nuclei
def: "Midline nuclei found in the midbrain, includes the dorsal raphe nucleus and the rostral linear nucleus of raphe." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1676]
comment: todo - check. note BTO class is placed here as it is placed in hindbrain
synonym: "raphe nuclei of tegmentum of midbrain" EXACT  [FMA:77787]
synonym: "raphe nucleus" BROAD [BTO:0003387]
synonym: "set of raphe nuclei of tegmentum of midbrain" EXACT [FMA:77787]
synonym: "midbrain raphe" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1676]
synonym: "midbrain raphe nuclei" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1676]
xref: BTO:0003387 ! raphe nucleus 
xref: FMA:77787 ! set of raphe nuclei of tegmentum of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1676 ! Midbrain raphe nuclei
xref: ABA:RAmb ! Midbrain raphe nuclei
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004684 {source="Wikipedia"} ! raphe nuclei
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002142 {source="ABA"} ! pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001965 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars compacta
synonym: "nuclei raphes tegmenti mesencephali" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77787]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002692 ! medullary raphe nuclear complex
name: medullary raphe nuclear complex
synonym: "raphe nuclei of medulla" EXACT [FMA:68874]
synonym: "raphe of medulla oblongata" EXACT [FMA:68874]
xref: FMA:68874 ! Medullary raphe nuclear complex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1420 ! Medullary raphe nuclear complex
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="FMA"} ! medulla oblongata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004684 {source="Wikipedia"} ! raphe nuclei
synonym: "raphe medullae oblongatae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:68874]
xref: SCTID:362420006 ! Entire raphe of medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003004
name: median raphe nucleus
def: "The median raphe nucleus (or superior central nucleus) is composed of polygonal, fusiform and pyriform neurons and exists rostral to the nucleus raphe pontis. One trait of the MRN is its inhibition by lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocin, two serotonin antagonist hallucinogens. The inactivation of the nucleus centralis superior via LSD produces a dose dependent inactivation in the MRN, but not in the raphe pallidus[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Median_raphe_nucleus, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3248146&group_id=36855]
comment: TODO: The term medial raphe nucleus refers to a composite structure that consists of the superior central nucleus and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 )[http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?type=h&ID=1391]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cell group b8" EXACT []
synonym: "MRN" EXACT []
synonym: "medial raphe nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "median nucleus of the raphe" EXACT [FMA:72465]
synonym: "superior central nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72465]
synonym: "superior central nucleus raphe" EXACT [FMA:72465]
synonym: "superior central tegmental nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72465]
xref: FMA:72465 ! Superior central nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_889 ! Superior central nucleus
xref: ABA:CS ! Superior central nucleus raphe
xref: BM:MR ! median raphe nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004684 {source="Wikipedia"} ! raphe nuclei
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002639 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midbrain reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002148 {source="ABA"} ! locus ceruleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002267 {source="ABA"} ! laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002047 {source="ABA"} ! pontine raphe nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002587 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus subceruleus
synonym: "nucleus raphes medianus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72465]
synonym: "nucleus raphes medianus, nucleus centralis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Median_raphe_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002043
name: dorsal raphe nucleus
def: "A large raphe nucleus extending from the anterior part of the pons through the mesencephalon; its neurons are serotoninergic[NIF]. The dorsal raphe nucleus is a part of the raphe nucleus and consists of rostral and caudal subdivisions. The rostral aspect of the dorsal raphe is further divided into interfascicular, ventral, ventrolateral and dorsal subnuclei. The projections of the dorsal raphe have been found to vary topographically, and thus the subnuclei differ in their projections. An increased number of cells in the lateral aspects of the dorsal raphe is characteristic of humans and other primates. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_raphe_nucleus, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_982, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3248146&group_id=36855]
comment: TODO check dorsal vs inferior. ZF has no pons.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cell group b7" EXACT  [FMA:68462]
synonym: "dorsal nucleus of the raphe" EXACT  [FMA:68462, BrainInfo:512]
synonym: "dorsal nucleus raphe" EXACT  [FMA:68462]
synonym: "nucleus raphes posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "posterior raphe nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:68462]
synonym: "inferior raphe nucleus" EXACT [GO:0021724]
synonym: "posterior raphe nucleus" RELATED [GO:0021724]
synonym: "dorsal raphe" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_982]
synonym: "nucleus raphes dorsalis" EXACT [BTO:0002434, BrainInfo:512]
synonym: "nucleus raphes posterior" RELATED [BTO:0002434]
xref: FMA:68462 ! Dorsal raphe nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_982 ! Dorsal raphe nucleus
xref: TAO:0000366 ! inferior raphe nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000366 ! inferior raphe nucleus
xref: MA:0002980 ! dorsal raphe nucleus
xref: BTO:0002434 ! dorsal raphe nucleus
xref: EFO:0001919 ! dorsal raphe nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Drn.png/200px-Drn.png
xref: ABA:DR ! Dorsal nucleus raphe
xref: BM:MB-DR ! dorsal raphe
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004684 {source="Wikipedia"} ! raphe nuclei
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002639 {source="Wikipedia"} ! midbrain reticular formation
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002145 {source="ABA"} ! interpeduncular nucleus
synonym: "nucleus raphe posterior, nucleus raphe dorsalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_raphe_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Drn.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002993
name: inferior central nucleus
comment: todo - compare with UBERON:0002881 ! sublingual nucleus; also to dorsal raphe nucleus. Check if the same as ZFA 'inferior raphe nucleus'. See comments on https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3248146&group_id=36855
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior central nucleus (of roller)" EXACT  [FMA:72466]
synonym: "inferior central nucleus of raphe" EXACT  [FMA:72466]
synonym: "inferior central tegmental nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:72466]
xref: FMA:72466 ! Inferior central nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_861 ! Inferior central nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0007413 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of pontine reticular formation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002573 {source="FMA"} ! pontine reticular formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002881 ! sublingual nucleus
name: sublingual nucleus
def: "In the substance of the formatio reticularis are two small nuclei of gray matter. The one near the dorsal aspect of the hilus of the inferior olivary nucleus is called the Sublingual nucleus (inferior central nucleus, nucleus of Roller.) [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sublingual_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior central nucleus" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Sublingual_nucleus]
synonym: "nucleus of roller" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sublingual_nucleus]
synonym: "nucleus of roller" EXACT  [FMA:68574]
xref: FMA:68574 ! Sublingual nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2657 ! Sublingual nucleus
xref: ABA:NR ! Nucleus of Roller
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002160 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus prepositus
synonym: "nucleus sublingualis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sublingual_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007413
name: nucleus of pontine reticular formation
synonym: "pontine reticular formation nucleus" EXACT  [FMA:72245]
xref: FMA:72245 ! nucleus of pontine reticular formation
xref: ABA:PRNr ! Pontine reticular nucleus (also: UBERON:0002573 'pontine reticular formation')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002573 ! pontine reticular formation
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a pontine reticular formation." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002047
name: pontine raphe nucleus
def: "The Pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "raphe of pons" EXACT []
synonym: "raphe pontis nucleus" RELATED []
xref: FMA:68875 ! Pontine raphe nucleus
xref: MA:0001022 ! pontine raphe nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1110 ! Pontine raphe nucleus
xref: ABA:RPO ! Nucleus raphe pontis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 ! pontine tegmentum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004684 {source="Wikipedia"} ! raphe nuclei
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003004 {source="ABA"} ! median raphe nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002148 {source="ABA"} ! locus ceruleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002267 {source="ABA"} ! laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002587 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus subceruleus
synonym: "raphe pontis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:68875]
synonym: "nucleus raphes pontis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pontine_raphe_nucleus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007635
name: nucleus of medulla oblongata
xref: FMA:258772 ! nucleus of medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: SCTID:304943004 ! Nucleus of medulla oblongata
def: "A neural nucleus that is part of a medulla oblongata." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002156
name: nucleus raphe magnus
def: "The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the motor system; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system. The magnus receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices . All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus. The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain. The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of analgesia, sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise). Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces analgesia, as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus. The antinociceptic effects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering naloxone, an opiate antagonist, to the n.r. magnus. All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_magnus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "raphe magnus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_magnus]
synonym: "raphe magnus nucleus" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1363]
synonym: "magnus raphe nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72584 ! Nucleus raphe magnus
xref: MA:0001024 ! raphe magnus nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1363 ! Nucleus raphe magnus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png
xref: ABA:RM ! Nucleus raphe magnus
xref: EFO:0002518 ! raphe magnus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002692 {source="Wikipedia",source="FMA",source="NIF"} ! medullary raphe nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002684 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus raphe obscurus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002157 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus raphe pallidus
synonym: "nucleus raphes magnus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72584]
synonym: "nucleus raphes magnus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_magnus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002157
name: nucleus raphe pallidus
def: "The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Also, the pallidus receives afferents from the medial preoptic area, median preoptic nucleus and lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei . The pallidus has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of a fever as an immunoreaction. It has been implied that the preoptic area is constantly inhibiting the raphe pallidus, especially the rostral portion, with GABA. When the preoptic area receives immune signals from the body, the inhibition stops and the rostral portion of the raphe pallidus excites the intermediolateral cell column, which induces a fever . The raphe pallidus has also been known to mediate the tachycardia response, an extremely high heart rate known to be incited by emotional or psychological stress. Microinjections of a GABA-a antagonist into the raphe pallidus, induces an increased heart rate. Conversely, microinjections of muscimol, a GABA-a agonist, inhibit tachycardia in rats under air-stress stimuli. In both of these cases, GABA is mediating two different sympathetic responses, so clearly the nucleus raphe pallidus is a far more a complex nucleus than previously thought. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_pallidus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pallidal raphe nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "raphe pallidus nucleus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72586 ! Nucleus raphe pallidus
xref: MA:0001051 ! raphe pallidus nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1375 ! Nucleus raphe pallidus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png
xref: ABA:RPA ! Nucleus raphe pallidus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002692 {source="FMA"} ! medullary raphe nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002156 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus raphe magnus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002684 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus raphe obscurus
synonym: "nucleus raphes pallidus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72586]
synonym: "nucleus raphes pallidus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_pallidus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002684
name: nucleus raphe obscurus
def: "The raphe obscurus projects to the cerebellar lobes VI and VII and to crus II along with the nucleus raphe pontis . This so called obscure nucleus has also been implicated in the modulation of the hypoglossal nerve. It has been observed that the ablation of this nucleus causes a change in the firing pattern in the XII nerve . In addition, the raphe obscurus mediates expiration via the inhibitory effect of serotonin and depresses periodic synaptic potentials . It has also been shown that this nucleus stimulates gastrointestinal motor function; microinjections of 5-HT into the n.r. obscurus increase gastric movement . [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_obscurus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "obscurus raphe nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72585]
synonym: "raphe obscurus nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72585]
xref: FMA:72585 ! Nucleus raphe obscurus
xref: MA:0002981 ! raphe obscurus nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1369 ! Nucleus raphe obscurus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/200px-Gray694.png
xref: ABA:RO ! Nucleus raphe obscurus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002692 {source="FMA"} ! medullary raphe nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002156 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus raphe magnus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002157 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus raphe pallidus
synonym: "nucleus raphes obscurus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72585]
synonym: "nucleus raphes obscurus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nucleus_raphe_obscurus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gray694.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003005
name: dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain
def: "A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bundle of Schutz of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fasciculus of Schutz of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain bundle of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain dorsal longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain fasciculus of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain posterior longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72453 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_893 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0003045 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003045 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006840 ! nucleus of lateral lemniscus
name: nucleus of lateral lemniscus
comment: not clear if the ZFA class denotes the same entity; check relationship to midbrain tegmentum - this leads to inconsistency with ABA. The FMA class should represnet the grouping, but there is no FMA class for the singular at the moment
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "nuclei of lateral lemniscus" RELATED [FMA:84025]
synonym: "lateral lemniscus nuclei" EXACT [ZFA:0000380]
xref: ZFA:0000380 ! lateral lemniscus nucleus
xref: FMA:84025 ! Set of nuclei of lateral lemniscus
xref: EV:0100265 ! nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
xref: ABA:NLL ! Nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007634 {source="ABA"} ! parabrachial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002597 {source="ABA"} ! principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002128 {source="ABA"} ! superior olivary complex
synonym: "nuclei lemnisci lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:84025]
xref: SCTID:369023003 ! Entire lateral lemniscus nucleus
xref: TAO:0000380 ! lateral lemniscus nucleus
synonym: "set of nuclei of lateral lemniscus" RELATED [FMA:84025]
synonym: "lateral lemniscus nucleus" EXACT [TAO:0000380]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002604
name: ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus
def: "The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ventral_nucleus_of_the_lateral_lemniscus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72484]
synonym: "ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72484]
synonym: "nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, ventral part" EXACT [ABA:NLLv]
xref: FMA:72484 ! Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1140 ! Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lateral_lemniscus.PNG/200px-Lateral_lemniscus.PNG
xref: BM:LLV ! ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus
xref: ABA:NLLv ! nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, ventral part
is_a: UBERON:0006840 ! nucleus of lateral lemniscus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003023 {source="FMA", source="NIF"} ! pontine tegmentum
synonym: "nucleus anterior lemnisci lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72484]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003006
name: dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
synonym: "dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72483]
synonym: "posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72483]
synonym: "nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, dorsal part" EXACT [ABA:NLLd]
xref: FMA:72483 ! Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_894 ! Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
xref: BM:LLD ! dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
xref: ABA:NLLd ! nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, dorsal part
is_a: UBERON:0006840 ! nucleus of lateral lemniscus
synonym: "nucleus posterior lemnisci lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72483]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007710
name: intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus
comment: todo - check
synonym: "nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, horizontal part" EXACT [ABA:NLLh]
xref: FMA:77485 ! intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus
xref: ABA:NLLh ! nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, horizontal part
is_a: UBERON:0006840 ! nucleus of lateral lemniscus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003007
name: lateral parabrachial nucleus
def: "The lateral parabrachial nucleus induces thirst by stimulating the median preoptic nucleus. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_parabrachial_nucleus]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:72481 ! Lateral parabrachial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_897 ! Lateral parabrachial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003008
name: dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus
def: "A dorsal longitudinal fasciculus that is part of a hypothalamus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bundle of Schutz of hypothalamus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bundle of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic area" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bundle of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic area" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fasciculus of Schutz of hypothalamus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fasciculus of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic area" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fasciculus of Schutz of preoptico-hypothalamic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypothalamus bundle of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypothalamus dorsal longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypothalamus fasciculus of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypothalamus posterior longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic area" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior longitudinal fasciculus of preoptico-hypothalamic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic area bundle of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic area dorsal longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic area fasciculus of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic area posterior longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic region bundle of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic region dorsal longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic region fasciculus of Schutz" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "preoptico-hypothalamic region posterior longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62063 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_898 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0003045 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003045 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002430 ! lateral hypothalamic area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003009
name: dorsal tegmental decussation
synonym: "dorsal fountain decussation" EXACT [FMA:72451]
synonym: "fountain decussation of Meynert" EXACT []
synonym: "Meynert's decussation" EXACT [FMA:72451]
synonym: "posterior tegmental decussation" EXACT [FMA:72451]
xref: FMA:72451 ! Dorsal tegmental decussation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_901 ! Dorsal tegmental decussation
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum
synonym: "decussatio tegmentalis posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72451]
xref: SCTID:369248009 ! Entire dorsal tegmental decussation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007425
name: decussation of diencephalon
synonym: "diencephalon decussation" EXACT  [FMA:62446]
xref: FMA:62446 ! decussation of diencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0007418 {source="FMA"} ! decussation of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0007418 ! decussation of neuraxis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 {source="Obol"} ! diencephalon
def: "A decussation of neuraxis that is part of a diencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003010
name: lateral pes lemniscus
synonym: "deep pes lemniscus" EXACT [FMA:72459]
synonym: "lateral pontine bundle" EXACT [FMA:72459]
synonym: "laterale haubenfussschleife" EXACT []
synonym: "laterale pontine buendel" EXACT []
xref: FMA:72459 ! Lateral pes lemniscus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_902 ! Lateral pes lemniscus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010123
name: future facial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000127 ! facial nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004639 ! future facial nucleus
def: "A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a facial nucleus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000127
name: facial nucleus
comment: FMA has 3 subclasses - left, right and motor nucleus of facial nerve, but no defs. It's not clear how facial nucleus is distinct from facial motor nucleus.
synonym: "facial nerve nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "facial VII nucleus" EXACT [MA:0001014]
synonym: "facial VII motor nucleus" RELATED [MA:0001014]
synonym: "nucleus of facial nerve" EXACT [FMA:54572]
xref: FMA:54572 ! Facial nucleus
xref: ncithesaurus:Facial_Nerve_Nucleus ! Facial Nerve Nucleus
xref: VHOG:0001412 ! facial nucleus
xref: MA:0001014 ! facial VII nucleus
xref: EV:0100267 ! facial nucleus
xref: BM:Pons-VII ! facial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000126 ! cranial nerve nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
xref: SCTID:280166009 ! Facial nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004638 ! facial nucleus
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010123 {evidence="definitional"} ! future facial nucleus
xref: UMLS:C0228740

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003011
name: facial motor nucleus
def: "The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve. These lower motor neurons innervate the muscles of facial expression and the stapedius. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Facial_motor_nucleus]
comment: see comments for facial nucleus. also check ZFA/pons
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "branchiomotor nucleus of facial nerve" EXACT [FMA:54582]
synonym: "facial motor nucleus" EXACT [FMA:54582]
synonym: "facial nucleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Facial_nucleus]
synonym: "motor nucleus of VII" EXACT [FMA:54582]
synonym: "motor nucleus of facial nerve" EXACT [FMA:54582]
synonym: "facial nerve motor nucleus" EXACT [ZFA:0000206]
synonym: "motor nucleus VII" EXACT [ZFA:0000206]
synonym: "nucleus motorius nervi facialis" EXACT [ZFA:0000206]
synonym: "nVII" EXACT [ZFA:0000206]
xref: FMA:54582 ! Motor nucleus of facial nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_903 ! Facial motor nucleus
xref: ZFA:0000206 ! facial nerve motor nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/200px-Gray788.png
xref: ABA:VII ! Facial motor nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000127 ! facial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002968 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002151 {source="ABA"} ! pontine nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
xref: TAO:0000206 ! facial nerve motor nucleus
synonym: "n. nervi facialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Facial_motor_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray788.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003013
name: alar central lobule
def: "The lobulus centralis is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the alar central lobule. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Alar_central_lobule]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "alae of central lobule" EXACT [FMA:72517]
synonym: "lobules II, III of vermis" EXACT [FMA:72517]
xref: FMA:72517 ! Alar central lobule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_907 ! Alar central lobule
is_a: UBERON:0004003 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003021 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! central lobule
synonym: "ala lobuli centralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Alar_central_lobule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray702.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003015
name: anterior quadrangular lobule
synonym: "anterior crescentic lobule of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72516]
synonym: "anterior quadrangular lobule of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72516]
synonym: "anterior quadrangular lobule of cerebellum [H IV et V]" EXACT [FMA:72516]
synonym: "anterior semilunar lobule" EXACT [FMA:72516]
synonym: "semilunar lobule-1 (anterior)" EXACT [FMA:72516]
xref: FMA:72516 ! Anterior quadrangular lobule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_913 ! Anterior quadrangular lobule
is_a: UBERON:0004004 ! cerebellum lobule
is_a: UBERON:0004003 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
synonym: "lobulus quadrangularis anterior cerebelli [h iv et v]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72516]
xref: SCTID:369041006 ! Entire anterior semilunar lobule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003016
name: postcommissural fornix
xref: FMA:62062 ! Postcommissural fornix
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_914 ! Postcommissural fornix
is_a: UBERON:0000052 ! fornix of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002430 ! lateral hypothalamic area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003017
name: substantia innominata
def: "The substantia innominata (literally 'unnamed substance') of Meynert is a stratum consisting partly of gray and partly of white substance, which lies below the anterior part of the thalamus and lentiform nucleus. The gross anatomical structure is called anterior perforated substance because to the naked eye looks perforated by many holes. Holes are due to many blood vessels that pass through this area. It is part of the basal forebrain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Substantia_innominata, Wikipedia:Substantia_innominata]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "innominate substance" EXACT [FMA:61885]
synonym: "nucleus of substantia innominata" EXACT [FMA:61885]
synonym: "substantia innominata of Reichert" RELATED [BTO:0002447]
synonym: "substantia innominata of Reil" RELATED [BTO:0002447]
xref: FMA:61885 ! Substantia innominata
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_915 ! Substantia innominata
xref: BTO:0002447 ! substantia innominata
xref: GAID:638 ! substantia innominata
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG/200px-Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.820 ! substantia innominata
xref: ABA:SI ! Substantia innominata
xref: BM:Tel-SI ! substantia innominata
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002743 {source="WP"} ! basal forebrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002778 {source="ABA"} ! ventral pallidum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007627 {source="ABA"} ! magnocellular nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003018
name: parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus
synonym: "gustatory thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62207]
synonym: "parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62207]
synonym: "ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus, parvicellular part" EXACT [FMA:62207]
synonym: "ventral posteromedial nucleus, parvocellular part" EXACT [FMA:62207]
synonym: "ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part" EXACT [FMA:62207]
synonym: "gustatory nucleus (thalamus)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_917]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami, pars parvicellularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_917]
synonym: "ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, parvicellular part" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_917]
xref: FMA:62207 ! Parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_917 ! Parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus
xref: ABA:VPMpc ! Ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, parvicellular part
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
synonym: "pars parvicellularis nuclei ventralis posteromedialis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62207]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003019
name: oral part of ventral posterolateral nucleus
synonym: "ventral part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (jones)" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral posterolateral nucleus, oral part" EXACT [FMA:62205]
synonym: "ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, oral part" EXACT [FMA:62205]
synonym: "nucleus lateralis intermedius lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918]
synonym: "nucleus posteroventralis oralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis intermedius (dewulf)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis intermedius (walker)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918]
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, pars oralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918]
synonym: "nucleus ventrointermedius" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918]
xref: FMA:62205 ! Oral part of ventral posterolateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_918 ! Oral part of ventral posterolateral nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003020
name: subcallosal area
def: "The subcallosal area (parolfactory area of Broca, area parolfactoria) is a small triangular field on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the subcallosal gyrus, from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus; it is continuous below with the olfactory trigone, and above and in front with the cingulate gyrus; it is limited anteriorly by the anterior parolfactory sulcus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subcallosal_area]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "adolfactory area" EXACT [FMA:61890]
synonym: "paraolfactory area" EXACT [FMA:61890]
synonym: "parolfactory area" EXACT [FMA:61890]
xref: FMA:61890 ! Subcallosal area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_919 ! Subcallosal area
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
synonym: "area paraolfactoria" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61890]
xref: SCTID:362357004 ! Entire parolfactory area
synonym: "area subcallosa, area parolfactoria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subcallosal_area]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003022
name: lobe parts of cerebral cortex
comment: check w.r.t regional part of cerebreal cortex
synonym: "cerebral cortical segment" RELATED [FMA:68603]
synonym: "regional organ part of cerebral cortex" RELATED [FMA:68603]
synonym: "segment of cerebral cortex" RELATED [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_922]
xref: FMA:68603 ! Segment of cerebral cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_922 ! Lobe parts of cerebral cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003023 ! pontine tegmentum
name: pontine tegmentum
def: "The pontine tegmentum is a part of the pons of the brain involved in the initiation of REM sleep. It includes the pedunculopontine nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, among others, and is located near the raphe nucleus and the locus ceruleus. The trapezoid body is part of the pontine tegmentum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal portion of pons" EXACT [FMA:71108]
synonym: "tegmental portion of pons" EXACT [FMA:71108]
synonym: "tegmentum of pons" EXACT [FMA:71108]
xref: FMA:71108 ! Pontine tegmentum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_923 ! Pontine tegmentum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Brainstem_Abducens.png/200px-Brainstem_Abducens.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002047 ! pontine raphe nucleus
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002128 ! superior olivary complex
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002148 ! locus ceruleus
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002149 ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons
synonym: "tegmentum pontis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71108]
xref: SCTID:362401009 ! Entire tegmental portion of pons
synonym: "tegmentum pontis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Brainstem_Abducens.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003024
name: principal part of ventral posteromedial nucleus
synonym: "nucleus ventralis posteromedialis, pars prinicipalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_927]
xref: FMA:62208 ! Principal part of ventral posteromedial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_927 ! Principal part of ventral posteromedial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003026
name: limitans nucleus
synonym: "limitans thalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931]
synonym: "nucleus limitans" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931]
synonym: "nucleus limitans opticus (hassler)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931]
synonym: "nucleus limitans thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931]
xref: FMA:62220 ! Limitans nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_931 ! Limitans nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-L ! limitans nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
xref: SCTID:369181002 ! Entire limitans nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003027
name: cingulate cortex
def: "The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cingulate_cortex]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EFO:0000343 ! cingulate cortex
xref: MA:0000904 ! cingulate cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_934 ! Cingulate cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Cingulate_Cortex ! Cingulate Cortex
xref: BTO:0003975 ! cingulate cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png/200px-Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-Cg ! cingulate cortex
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
synonym: "gyrus cingulatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cingulate_cortex]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png
xref: UMLS:C0598179

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003028
name: commissure of inferior colliculus
def: "A commissure that is part of a inferior colliculus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "commissure of inferior colliculi" EXACT [FMA:71115]
synonym: "inferior collicular commissure" EXACT [FMA:71115]
synonym: "inferior colliculus commissure" EXACT [FMA:71115]
synonym: "caudal colliculus commissure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "commissure of caudal colliculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "commissure of posterior colliculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "commissure of posterior corpus quadrigeminum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior colliculus commissure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior corpus quadrigeminum commissure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:71115 ! Commissure of inferior colliculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_935 ! Commissure of inferior colliculus
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
intersection_of: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001946 ! inferior colliculus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001946 ! inferior colliculus
xref: SCTID:369260005 ! Entire commissure of inferior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003029 ! stria terminalis
name: stria terminalis
def: "The stria terminalis (terminal stria) is a structure in the brain consisting of a band of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. Serving as a major output pathway of the amygdala, the stria terminalis runs from its corticomedial division to the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Stria_terminalis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "semicircular stria" EXACT [FMA:61974]
synonym: "terminal stria" EXACT [Wikipedia:Terminal_stria]
xref: FMA:61974 ! Stria terminalis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_937 ! Stria terminalis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gray683.png/200px-Gray683.png
xref: BTO:0004616 ! stria terminalis
xref: BM:ST ! stria terminalis
xref: BM:STr ! stria terminalis
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "stria terminalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stria_terminalis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Gray683.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003030
name: posterior nucleus of thalamus
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "nucleus posterior thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_939]
xref: FMA:62221 ! Posterior nucleus of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_939 ! Posterior nucleus of thalamus
xref: ZFA:0000325 ! caudal thalamic nucleus (also: UBERON:0002709 'posterior nuclear complex')
xref: BM:Die-Th-Po ! posterior nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Nucleus_of_the_Thalamus ! Posterior Nucleus of the Thalamus
xref: SCTID:424901000 ! Entire posterior nucleus of thalamus
xref: TAO:0000325 ! caudal thalamic nucleus (also: UBERON:0002709 'posterior nuclear complex')
synonym: "caudal thalamic nucleus" RELATED [TAO:0000325]
xref: UMLS:C0262315

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003031
name: submedial nucleus
synonym: "gelatinosus thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62223]
synonym: "submedial nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62223]
synonym: "nucleus submedius thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_946]
synonym: "submedial nucleus thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_946]
synonym: "submedial thalamic nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_946]
xref: FMA:62223 ! Submedial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_946 ! Submedial nucleus
xref: EV:0100203 ! submedial thalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:SMT ! Submedial nucleus of the thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002739 {source="ABA"} ! medial dorsal nucleus
synonym: "nucleus submedialis thalami" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62223]
xref: SCTID:279151007 ! Entire submedial nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003033
name: suprageniculate nucleus
synonym: "suprageniculate thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62222]
synonym: "nucleus suprageniculatus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_953]
xref: FMA:62222 ! Suprageniculate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_953 ! Suprageniculate nucleus
xref: ABA:SGN ! Suprageniculate nucleus
xref: BM:Die-Th-SG ! suprageniculate nucleus of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002983 {source="ABA"} ! lateral posterior nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002709 {source="ABA"} ! posterior nuclear complex
xref: SCTID:369180001 ! Entire suprageniculate nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003034
name: central dorsal nucleus
synonym: "nucleus centralis dorsalis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956]
synonym: "nucleus centralis superior lateralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956]
synonym: "nucleus centralis superior lateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956]
synonym: "nucleus circularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956]
xref: FMA:62169 ! Central dorsal nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_956 ! Central dorsal nucleus
xref: ABA:NC ! Nucleus circularis
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003035
name: regional part of cerebellar white matter
subset: non_informative
synonym: "segment of cerebellar white matter" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_959]
xref: FMA:72547 ! Segment of cerebellar white matter
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_959 ! Regional part of cerebellar white matter
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002317 ! white matter of cerebellum
def: "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a white matter of cerebellum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003036
name: central lateral nucleus
synonym: "central lateral nucleus of thalamus" EXACT [FMA:62170]
synonym: "central lateral thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62170]
synonym: "centrolateral thalamic nucleus" EXACT [FMA:62170]
synonym: "nucleus centralis lateralis of thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_961]
synonym: "nucleus centralis lateralis thalami" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_961]
xref: FMA:62170 ! Central lateral nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_961 ! Central lateral nucleus
xref: EV:0100205 ! central lateral thalamic nucleus
xref: ABA:CL ! Central lateral nucleus of the thalamus
xref: BM:Die-CL ! central lateral nucleus of the thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001923 {source="ABA"} ! central medial nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001924 {source="ABA"} ! paracentral nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001922 {source="ABA"} ! parafascicular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002955 {source="ABA"} ! rhomboidal nucleus
xref: SCTID:279153005 ! Entire central lateral nucleus of thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000446 ! septum of telencephalon
name: septum of telencephalon
def: "Subdivision of the telencephalon on the midline between the lateral ventricles which contains the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei[FMA]." [FMA:61842]
synonym: "septal area" EXACT [FMA:61842]
synonym: "septum (NN)" EXACT [FMA:61842]
synonym: "septum" BROAD [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_963]
synonym: "telencephalon septum" EXACT [FMA:61842]
xref: BTO:0002705
xref: FMA:61842 ! Septum of telencephalon
xref: MA:0000924 ! septal cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_963 ! Septum
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.750 ! septum of brain
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001869 ! cerebral hemisphere
synonym: "area septalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61842]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003037
name: septum
def: "a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]." [Wikipedia:Septum]
comment: general anatomical term in FMA
synonym: "septa" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: FMA:86461 ! Septum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rrqot_on_EdaAAAACs0uFOQ
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rrqot_on_EdaAAAACs0uFOQ ! septum
xref: BM:Tel-Spt ! septum
xref: AAO:0011127 ! septum
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
property_value: has_relational_adjective "septal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003039 ! anterior commissure anterior part
name: anterior commissure anterior part
def: "the horseshoe-shaped tract that connects the two olfactory bulbs." [MP:0010859]
synonym: "pars anterior" BROAD [MP:0008230]
synonym: "pars anterior commissurae anterioris" EXACT [MP:0008230]
synonym: "anterior part of anterior commissure" EXACT [MP:0008230]
synonym: "anterior commissure, anterior part" EXACT [FMA:61963]
synonym: "olfactory limb of anterior commissure" EXACT [FMA:61963]
synonym: "olfactory part of anterior commissure" EXACT [FMA:61963]
synonym: "anterior part of anterior commissure" EXACT [FMA:61963]
synonym: "anterior commissure pars anterior" EXACT [MP:0010859]
xref: FMA:61963 ! Anterior part of anterior commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_969
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006964 ! pars distalis of adenohypophysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000935 ! anterior commissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003043 ! posterior part of anterior commissure
name: posterior part of anterior commissure
def: "the major forebrain commissure that connects the two temporal lobes of the cortex." [MP:0010860]
synonym: "pars posterior" BROAD [MP:0008229]
synonym: "anterior commissure temporal limb" EXACT [MP:0008230]
synonym: "anterior commissure, posterior part" EXACT [FMA:61964]
synonym: "temporal limb of anterior commissure" EXACT [FMA:61964]
synonym: "anterior commissure pars posterior" EXACT [MP:0010860]
xref: FMA:61964 ! Posterior part of anterior commissure
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_977 ! Posterior part of anterior commissure
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000935 ! anterior commissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002968
name: central gray substance of pons
synonym: "central gray of pons" EXACT [FMA:72470]
synonym: "pontine central gray" EXACT [FMA:72470]
xref: FMA:72470 ! Central gray substance of pons
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_799 ! Central gray substance of pons
xref: ABA:PCG ! Pontine central gray
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0007632 {source="ABA"} ! barrington's nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002151 {source="ABA"} ! pontine nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002867
name: central gray substance of medulla
synonym: "medullary central gray substance" EXACT [FMA:72595]
synonym: "central gray matter" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2638]
xref: FMA:72595 ! Central gray substance of medulla
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2638 ! Central gray substance of medulla
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003040
name: central gray substance of midbrain
def: "Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Periaqueductal_gray, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3209233&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: TODO - resolve MA - see tracker
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anulus of cerebral aqueduct" EXACT [FMA:74510]
synonym: "central (periaqueductal) gray" EXACT [FMA:74510]
synonym: "periaqueductal gray" EXACT [FMA:74510]
synonym: "periaqueductal gray matter" EXACT [FMA:74510]
synonym: "periaqueductal gray of tegmentum" EXACT [FMA:74510]
synonym: "periaqueductal grey substance" EXACT [FMA:74510]
synonym: "griseum centrale" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_973]
synonym: "substantia grisea centralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_973]
synonym: "periaquectuctal grey" EXACT DUBIOUS [MA:0002895, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3209233&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
synonym: "periaqueductal grey matter" EXACT [EV:0100249]
xref: FMA:74510 ! Central gray substance of midbrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_973 ! Central gray substance of midbrain
xref: EFO:0002470 ! periaqueductal gray
xref: GAID:585 ! periaqueductal gray
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/200px-Cn3nucleus.png
xref: ZFA:0000518 ! griseum centrale
xref: MA:0002895 ! periaquectuctal grey
xref: MA:0000209 ! midbrain periaqueductal grey
xref: BTO:0002701 ! midbrain central gray
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.822.595 ! periaqueductal gray
xref: EV:0100249 ! periaqueductal grey matter
xref: ABA:PAG ! Periaqueductal gray
xref: BM:MB-PAG ! periaqueductal gray
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002696 {source="ABA"} ! cuneiform nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002141 {source="ABA"} ! parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001715 {source="ABA"} ! oculomotor nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002722 {source="ABA"} ! trochlear nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001944 {source="ABA"} ! pretectal region
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001947 {source="ABA"} ! red nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002995 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars lateralis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001966 {source="ABA"} ! substantia nigra pars reticulata
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002691 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002438 {source="ABA"} ! ventral tegmental nucleus
xref: SCTID:369233003 ! Entire periaqueductal gray matter
xref: TAO:0000518 ! griseum centrale
synonym: "s. grisea centralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Periaqueductal_gray]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png
synonym: "periaqueductal grey" EXACT [MA:0002895]
synonym: "midbrain periaqueductal grey" EXACT [MA:0000209]
synonym: "central grey" RELATED [MA:0000209]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003041
name: trigeminal nerve fibers
synonym: "central part of trigeminal nerve" EXACT [FMA:72501]
synonym: "trigeminal nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72501]
synonym: "trigeminal nerve tract" EXACT [FMA:72501]
xref: FMA:72501 ! Trigeminal nerve tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_974 ! Trigeminal nerve fibers
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003044
name: uncinate fasciculus
def: "The uncinate fasciculus is a white matter tract in the human brain that connects parts of the limbic system such as the hippocampus and amygdala in the temporal lobe with frontal ones such as the orbitofrontal cortex. Its function is unknown though it is affected in several psychiatric conditions. It is the last white matter tract to mature in the human brain. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Uncinate_fasciculus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cerebral uncinate fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:77636]
xref: FMA:77636 ! Uncinate fasciculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_983 ! Uncinate fasciculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gray751.png/200px-Gray751.png
is_a: UBERON:0001019 ! fascicle
xref: SCTID:369083001 ! Entire uncinate fasciculus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gray751.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003045
name: dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
def: "The dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) (not to be confused with the medial longitudinal fasciculus) is a white matter fiber tract located within the brain stem, specifically in the dorsal brainstem tegmentum. The DLF travels through the periaqueductal gray matter. The tract is comprised of a diffuse brainstem pathway located in the periventricular gray matter comprising ascending visceral sensory axons and descending hypothalamic axons. As with all white matter tracts, the DLF consists of myelinated axons carrying information between neurons. The DLF, carries both ascending and descending fibers, conveys visceral motor and sensory signals. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bundle of Schutz" EXACT [FMA:83845]
synonym: "fasciculus of Schutz" EXACT [FMA:83845]
synonym: "posterior longitudinal fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:83845]
synonym: "DLF" RELATED [ZFA:0005266]
xref: FMA:83845 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_986 ! Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
xref: ZFA:0005266 ! dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
is_a: UBERON:0001019 ! fascicle
is_a: UBERON:0005838 ! fasciculus of brain
synonym: "fasciculus longitudinalis posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83845]
xref: SCTID:369082006 ! Entire superior longitudinal fasciculus
synonym: "fasciculus longitudinalis posterior; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003046
name: ventral acoustic stria
synonym: "anterior acoustic stria" EXACT [FMA:72498]
xref: FMA:72498 ! Ventral acoustic stria
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_991 ! Ventral acoustic stria
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
synonym: "stria cochlearis anterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72498]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003047
name: regional part of pretectal region
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a pretectal region [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pretectal region segment" EXACT [FMA:74519]
synonym: "segment of pretectal region" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_993]
xref: FMA:74519 ! Segment of pretectal region
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_993 ! Regional part of pretectal region
is_a: UBERON:0002966 ! regional part of midbrain tectum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001944 ! pretectal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003048
name: regional part of hypothalamus
subset: non_informative
def: "A regional part of brain that is part of a hypothalamus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypothalamus segment" EXACT [FMA:67706]
synonym: "segment of hypothalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_995]
xref: FMA:67706 ! Segment of hypothalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_995 ! Regional part of hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002784 ! regional part of diencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus
xref: SCTID:360454003 ! Region of hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003049
name: collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
alt_id: UBERON:WBbt_0005755
def: "A rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some transitional epithelial cells which covers the outer body, the major openings into the body cavity from the exterior, and two large sensory bristles, the male spicules. The cuticle of the spicules, the hook, and of some portions of the spicule channels is especially rigid and is probably sclerotized. Similar sclerotic features are occasionally noted in the ventral surface of the male tail fan[WBbt]. The main structural components of the nematode cuticle are proteins, highly cross-linked collagens and specialised insoluble proteins known as cuticlins, together with glycoproteins and lipids[WP]." [UBERON:cjm, WA:dh]
comment: Note that GO has a superclass protein-based cuticle development // taxonomic restriction may be too strict
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nematode cuticle" RELATED []
xref: WBbt:0005755 ! cuticle
is_a: UBERON:0001002 ! cuticle
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6231 ! Nematoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003050 ! olfactory placode
name: olfactory placode
def: "A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity." [XAO:0000005, Wikipedia:Nasal_placode]
comment: Olfactory placodes are the only ectodermal placodes to produce glia, a cell type typically derived from neural crest // Note that NBK53171 classifies this as non-neurogenic
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "nasal I placode" RELATED []
synonym: "nasal placode" RELATED []
synonym: "olfactory placodes" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "placoda nasalis" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "placoda olfactoria" EXACT LATIN []
xref: EHDAA:1504 ! olfactory placode
xref: VHOG:0000186 ! olfactory placode
xref: TAO:0000048 ! olfactory placode
xref: XAO:0000005 ! olfactory placode
xref: ZFA:0000048 ! olfactory placode
xref: EHDAA2:0001232 ! nasal placode
xref: EMAPA:16543 ! olfactory placode
xref: EFO:0003420 ! olfactory placode
is_a: UBERON:0009955 {source="ZFA", contradicted_by="NBK53171"} ! neurogenic placode
is_a: UBERON:0007497 {source="EHDAA2"} ! developing epithelial placode
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002346 ! neural ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
xref: AAO:0011076 ! olfactory placode
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (2) neurogenic placodes (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000186", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003051
name: ear vesicle
alt_id: UBERON:0004373
def: "The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops[BTO]. Epithelial sac present beside the fifth rhombomere; forms the semicircular canals dorsally and the otolith organs ventrally, and houses the acoustico-vestibular sensory epithelia (maculae) of hair cells[ZFA]. epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP]" [ZFIN:curator, MP:0009806, Wikipedia:Otic_vesicle, BTO:0002661]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "otic vesicle" EXACT []
synonym: "otocyst" RELATED []
synonym: "auditory vesicle" RELATED [BTO:0002661]
synonym: "OV" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0000006 ! otic vesicle
xref: ZFA:0000051 ! otic vesicle
xref: BTO:0002661 ! auditory vesicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Otic_Vesicle ! Otic Vesicle
xref: VHOG:0001148 ! otic vesicle
xref: EHDAA2:0001342 ! otocyst
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray40.png/200px-Gray40.png
xref: EMAPA:16669 ! otocyst
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009123 {source="NBK53175"} ! otic cup
xref: AAO:0011080 ! otic vesicle
xref: SCTID:308792006 ! auditory vesicle
xref: TAO:0000051 ! otic vesicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray40.png
property_value: external_definition "Epithelial sac present beside the fifth rhombomere; forms the semicircular canals dorsally and the otolith organs ventrally, and houses the acoustico-vestibular sensory epithelia (maculae) of hair cells. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000051", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "acoustic vesicle" RELATED [VHOG:0001148]
property_value: external_definition "One of the paired sacs of invaginated ectoderm that develop into the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear. [Biology_online][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001148", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The inner ear develops embryonically in all vertebrates as an invagination of the ectodermal otic placode to form an otic vesicle.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001148", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.413", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1518678

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009123 ! otic cup
name: otic cup
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003069 {source="NBK53175"} ! otic placode

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003069
name: otic placode
def: "A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII[NBK]" [NBK:NBK53175, Wikipedia:Otic_placode]
comment: With the exception of the pigment cells of the stria vascularis and the secretory epithelium of the cochlea, which are of neural crest origin, all compo- nents of the inner ear derive from the otic placode. In most species the thickening of the ectoderm into a placode occurs in a region adjacent to rhombomere 5 (reviewed in Ohyama et al., 2007), while in amphibians the otic placode is centered onto rhombomere 4 (Ruiz i Altaba and Jessell, 1991).[NBK53175]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "placoda otica" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "ear placode" RELATED []
synonym: "octaval placode" RELATED [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "octaval VIII placode" RELATED [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "ear/otic placode" RELATED []
synonym: "auditory placode" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA:506 ! otic placode
xref: VHOG:0000235 ! otic placode
xref: TAO:0000138 ! otic placode
xref: XAO:0000223 ! otic placode
xref: ZFA:0000138 ! otic placode
xref: ncithesaurus:Otic_Placodes ! Otic Placodes
xref: EMAPA:16195 ! otic placode
xref: EHDAA2:0001339 ! otic placode
xref: EFO:0003429 ! otic placode
is_a: UBERON:0003067 {source="NBK:NBK53175", notes="invaginates"} ! dorsolateral placode
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001690 ! ear
xref: AAO:0011079 ! otic placode
property_value: external_definition "Primordium of the ear epithelium before it hollows into the otic vesicle, present beside the hindbrain rudiment in the midsegmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000138", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (2) neurogenic placodes (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000235", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1518677

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010349
name: otic capsule pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "otic capsule anlage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 {source="EHDAA2"} ! internal ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region
xref: EHDAA2:0000833 ! otic capsule pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010351 ! otic capsule cartilage condensation
name: otic capsule cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010349 {source="EHDAA2"} ! otic capsule pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001694 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! petrous part of temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 {source="EHDAA2"} ! internal ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region
xref: EHDAA2:0001333 ! otic capsule cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17596 ! otic capsule
xref: EHDAA:4704 ! otic capsule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003110
name: otic region
comment: AO notes UBERONREF:0000007 has this as a syn for otic capsule
synonym: "cranial vault" RELATED [ZFA:0000189]
xref: XAO:0003175 ! otic region
xref: ZFA:0000189 ! otic region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
xref: AAO:0010208 ! otic region
xref: TAO:0000189 ! otic region
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010208", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000189", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:MAH"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibular-otic region joint (TAO:0001947)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000189", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule
name: otic capsule
def: "The capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism; in elasmobranchs, it remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)[Biology-Online]. Bilaterally paired cartilage encasing the semicircular canals of the inner ear[ZFA]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/otic+capsule, ZFA:0001500, http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Otic_capsule]
comment: Taxon notes: developmental relationships need to be checked
synonym: "auditory capsule" RELATED  [VHOG:0000854]
synonym: "periotic capsule" RELATED  [VHOG:0000854]
synonym: "otic region" RELATED  []
synonym: "periotic" RELATED  []
synonym: "otic capsule" EXACT [ZFA:0001500]
xref: VHOG:0000854 ! otic capsule
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 {source="EHDAA2"} ! petrous part of temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010351 ! otic capsule cartilage condensation
xref: AAO:0010143 ! otic capsule
xref: SCTID:361515007 ! Periotic capsule
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal elements surrounding the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. Sensory capsules anterolateral to and confluent with occipital arch.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010143", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of otic and occipital (AAO:0000993)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010143", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of occipito-petrosal (AAO:0010831)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010143", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "The cartilage capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony. [Biology_online][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000854", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Otic capsules develop around the parts of the ear that lie within the chondrocranium. This part of the ear, known as the inner ear, is composed of the semicircular ducts and associated sacs that contain the receptive cells for equilibrium and hearing (reference 1); (...) considerations have led to our rethinking issues related to the origin of several aspects of vertebrate hearing, and to the view that many basic auditory functions evolved very early in vertebrate history, and that the functions observed in more `advanced' vertebrates, such as birds and mammals, are frequently modifications of themes first encountered in fishes, and perhaps even more ancestral animals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000854", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.235\, DOI:10.1016/S0378-5955(00)00168-4 Fay RR\, Popper AN\, Evolution of hearing in vertebrates: the inner ears and processing. Hearing research (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005410 ! cartilaginous otic capsule
name: cartilaginous otic capsule
comment: in elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans). todo - check EMAPA
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "auditory capsule" EXACT [ZFA:0001500]
xref: ZFA:0001500 ! auditory capsule
xref: EMAPA:18803 ! otic cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! cartilaginous elemenet of chondrocranium
is_a: UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule
xref: TAO:0001500 ! auditory capsule
property_value: external_definition "Bilaterally paired cartilage encasing the semicircular canals of the inner ear.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001500", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: develops_from neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001500", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: part_of neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001500", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005411
name: bony otic capsule
comment: in elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)
xref: MA:0000252 ! otic capsule
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005410 ! cartilaginous otic capsule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004746
name: prootic bone
def: "Paired, endochondral bones forming the anterior, and lateral walls of the otic capsules." [AAO:0000514]
synonym: "prootic" EXACT [AAO:0000514]
xref: AAO:0000514 ! prootic
xref: ZFA:0000575 ! prootic
xref: EFO:0003542 ! prootic
xref: TAO:0000575 ! prootic
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="Kardong"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005410 ! cartilaginous otic capsule
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that sutures with the pterosphenoid anteriorly, the sphenotic and pterotic dorsally, the parasphenoid ventrally, the basioccipital postero-ventrally, the exoccipital posteriorly, and occasionally, with the intercalar posteriorly. The dorsal edge of the prootic contributes to the hyomandibular facet. The prootic bears foramina that accommodate branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves. The prootic is a paired bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000575", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from basal plate cartilage (TAO:0001425)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000575", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: develops_from neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000575", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: part_of neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000575", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps orbitosphenoid-prootic joint (TAO:0001794)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000575", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps prootic-pterosphenoid joint (TAO:0002033)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000575", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps prootic-exoccipital joint (TAO:0002034)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000575", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "prootics" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000575]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010910
name: opisthotic
def: "Posterior ossification of the otic capsule." [AAO:0010835, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/opisthotic.html]
comment: Taxon notes:  teleost fishes have a bone which is called the opisthotic. However, it is not homologous to the tetrapod opisthotic and the teleost otic capsule is all of a piece[palaeos] - see TAO:0000474 - intercalar "Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977).  Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal." 
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004637 {source="AAO"} ! otic capsule
xref: AAO:0010835 ! opisthotic

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009848
name: zona limitans intrathalamica
def: "A narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon." [GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_15jun06, GO_REF:0000021, PMID:11425897, PMID:16452095, GO:0022006, Wikipedia:Zona_limitans_intrathalamica]
synonym: "ZLI" EXACT  [GO:0022006]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line
intersection_of: adjacent_to  UBERON:0001900 ! subthalamus
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0004703 ! dorsal thalamus
xref: ZFA:0001344 ! zona limitans intrathalamica
xref: TAO:0001344 ! zona limitans intrathalamica
property_value: external_definition "The border between the dorsal and ventral thalamus.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001344", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009774 ! embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary
name: embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary
comment: merge with presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary?
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="ZFA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006238 ! future brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007281
name: presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary
synonym: "presumptive MHB" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: ZFA:0001187 ! presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary
xref: EFO:0003446 ! presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary
intersection_of: UBERON:0009774 ! embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002346 ! neural ectoderm
xref: XAO:0004086 ! presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary
xref: TAO:0001187 ! presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary
def: "An embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary that is part of a neurectoderm." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009615 ! midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate
name: midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate
comment: todo: developmental relationships for lines
synonym: "midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate" EXACT  [ZFA:0007044]
synonym: "MHB neural plate" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: TAO:0007044 ! midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0009774 ! embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007281 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003075 {source="ZFA"} ! neural plate
xref: ZFA:0007044 ! midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate
def: "An embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary that is part of a neural plate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003052 ! midbrain-hindbrain boundary
name: midbrain-hindbrain boundary
def: "The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate." [GO:0021555]
comment: editor note: consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "isthmus" RELATED []
synonym: "isthmus/MHB" RELATED [Geisha:syn, NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "MHB" EXACT []
synonym: "midbrain hindbrain boundary" EXACT []
synonym: "mid-hindbrain boundary" EXACT []
synonym: "mid-hindbrain junction" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0000649 ! midbrain-hindbrain boundary
xref: TAO:0000042 ! midbrain hindbrain boundary
xref: XAO:0000016 ! midbrain-hindbrain boundary
xref: ZFA:0000042 ! midbrain hindbrain boundary
xref: EHDAA2:0004395 ! isthmus
xref: EHDAA:5789 ! isthmus
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="ZFA"} ! anatomical line
intersection_of: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009615 {source="ZFA"} ! midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 {source="ZFA"} ! brain
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001609 ! isthmus of thyroid gland
xref: AAO:0011064 ! midbrain-hindbrain boundary
synonym: "isthmo-cerebellar region" RELATED [VHOG:0000649]
property_value: homology_notes "Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000649", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y\, Uchida K\, Rijli FM and Kuratani S\, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005284
name: brain vasculature
def: "A vasculature that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vasculature of brain" EXACT [FMA:242007]
xref: TAO:0000099 ! brain vasculature
xref: ZFA:0000099 ! brain vasculature
xref: FMA:242007 ! Vasculature of brain
xref: EFO:0003491 ! brain vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005283
name: tela choroidea
def: "A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm]." [Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea, http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/embryo_new/choroid/, ISBN10:0471888893]
comment: Vascularized tela choroidea is choroid plexus. AO notes: Note that the structure in ZFA may be different.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tela chorioidea" RELATED [FMA:242849]
xref: ZFA:0000447 ! tela chorioidea
xref: TAO:0000447 ! tela chorioidea
xref: FMA:242849 ! tela choroidea 
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005358 {source="FMA"} ! ventricle of nervous system
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0010743 ! meningeal cluster
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that is part of the primitive meninx which forms a fold, roofing a ventricle of the brain and supporting the choroid plexus[ZFA:0000447]." xsd:string {source="ZFA:0000447"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005286
name: tela choroidea of midbrain cerebral aqueduct
def: "Tela choroidea that lines the tectal ventricle." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "tela choroidea tectal ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0005157]
synonym: "tela chorioidea tectal ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0005157]
synonym: "tela choroidea of cerebral aqueduct" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "tela chorioidea tectal ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0005157]
xref: ZFA:0005157 ! tela chorioidea tectal ventricle
xref: TAO:0005157 ! tela chorioidea tectal ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
intersection_of: UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002289 ! midbrain cerebral aqueduct
property_value: external_definition "Tela chorioidea that lines the tectal ventricle.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005157", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005287
name: tela choroidea of fourth ventricle
def: "Tela chorioidea that lines the fourth ventricle[ZFA]. The tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle is the name applied to the triangular fold of pia mater which is carried upward between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. It consists of two layers, which are continuous with each other in front, and are more or less adherent throughout: The posterior layer covers the antero-inferior surface of the cerebellum. The anterior layer is applied to the structures which form the lower part of the roof of the ventricle, and is continuous inferiorly with the pia mater on the inferior peduncles and closed part of the medulla[WP]." [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_fourth_ventricle]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tela choroidea fourth ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "tela chorioidea fourth ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "tela choroidea of fourth ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "choroid membrane" EXACT [FMA:78493]
synonym: "choroid membrane of fourth ventricle" EXACT [FMA:78493]
xref: ZFA:0005158 ! tela chorioidea fourth ventricle
xref: FMA:78493 ! tela choroidea of fourth ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
intersection_of: UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002422 ! fourth ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002422 ! fourth ventricle
synonym: "tela choroidea ventriculi quarti" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:78493]
synonym: "tela choroidea" BROAD [FMA:TA, FMA:78493]
xref: SCTID:362321009 ! Entire tela choroidea of fourth ventricle
xref: TAO:0005158 ! tela chorioidea fourth ventricle
synonym: "tela choroidea ventriculi quarti" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_fourth_ventricle]
property_value: external_definition "Tela chorioidea that lines the fourth ventricle.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005158", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005288
name: tela choroidea of third ventricle
def: "Tela chorioidea that lines the third ventricle[ZFA]. The part of the choroid plexus in relation to the body of the ventricle forms the vascular fringed margin of a triangular process of pia mater, named the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle, and projects from under cover of the lateral edge of the fornix. Blood is supplied by branches from the superior cerebellar artery[WP]." [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_third_ventricle]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tela choroidea third ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "tela chorioidea of third ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "choroid membrane of third ventricle" EXACT [FMA:78463]
synonym: "tela chorioidea third ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0005159]
xref: ZFA:0005159 ! tela chorioidea third ventricle
xref: FMA:78463 ! tela choroidea of third ventricle 
is_a: UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
intersection_of: UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
synonym: "tela choroidea ventriculi tertii" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:78463]
xref: SCTID:362320005 ! Entire tela choroidea of third ventricle
xref: TAO:0005159 ! tela chorioidea third ventricle
synonym: "tela choroidea ventriculi tertii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tela_chorioidea_of_third_ventricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gray723.png
property_value: external_definition "Tela chorioidea that lines the third ventricle.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005159", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005289
name: tela choroidea of telencephalic ventricle
def: "Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle." [ZFIN:curator]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tela chorioidea of telencephalic ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "tela choroidea telencephalic ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "tela choroidea of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83712]
synonym: "tela chorioidea of lateral ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0005160]
xref: ZFA:0005160 ! tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle
xref: FMA:83712 ! tela choroidea of lateral ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
intersection_of: UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
xref: SCTID:362319004 ! Entire tela choroidea of lateral ventricle
xref: TAO:0005160 ! tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001886
name: choroid plexus
def: "A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces." [Wikipedia:Choroid_plexus, ISBN10:0471888893]
comment: TODO - check relationship to ventricle. Check subclass - ZFA says vasculature. Note that FMA:61934 (choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere) has exact synonym 'choroid plexus' but it is not clear that this belongs here, as the fourth ventricle is not in the cerebral hemisphere
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "chorioid plexus" EXACT [FMA:61934]
synonym: "choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" RELATED [FMA:61934]
synonym: "ventricular choroid plexus" RELATED []
synonym: "plexus choroideus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61934]
synonym: "plexus choroideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Choroid_plexus]
xref: BTO:0000258
xref: FMA:61934 ! Choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
xref: GAID:607 ! choroid plexus
xref: MA:0000823 ! choroid plexus
xref: TAO:0001443 ! choroid plexus
xref: ZFA:0001443 ! choroid plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus ! Choroid Plexus
xref: EFO:0001915 ! choroid plexus
xref: VHOG:0001377 ! choroid plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gray708.svg/200px-Gray708.svg.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276.298 ! choroid plexus
is_a: UBERON:0005629 ! vascular plexus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005283 ! tela choroidea
xref: SCTID:264450003 ! Entire choroid plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Gray708.svg
property_value: external_definition "A tuft of capillaries that project into the ventricles of the brain and secretes cerebral spinal fluid. The choroid plexus is covered by a cuboidal epithelium which maintains  the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001443", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "choroidal" xsd:string
property_value: external_definition "Fringe of the tela choroidea of the brain ventricles[MP]" xsd:string {source="MP:0000820"}
xref: UMLS:C0008524

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003911
name: choroid plexus epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a choroid plexus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of choroid plexus" EXACT [FMA:242811]
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of choroid plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000824 ! choroid plexus epithelium 
xref: FMA:242811 ! epithelium of choroid plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_Epithelium ! Choroid Plexus Epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001886
xref: UMLS:C1516506

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013151
name: choroidal artery
synonym: "choroid artery" EXACT  []
synonym: "artery of choroid plexus" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus
xref: SCTID:244210009 ! Entire choroidal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroidal_Artery ! choroidal artery
xref: UMLS:C0226164


[Term]
id: UBERON:0001776
name: optic choroid
def: "vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]." [Wikipedia:Choroid]
comment: check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "choroidea" EXACT [Wikipedia:Choroid]
synonym: "choroid coat" EXACT [Wikipedia:Choroid]
synonym: "posterior uvea" EXACT [Wikipedia:Uvea#Regions]
synonym: "optic choroid" RELATED [ZFA:0005229]
synonym: "chorioid" RELATED [BTO:0001829]
synonym: "eye choroid" EXACT [VHOG:0001568]
synonym: "choroidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Choroid]
synonym: "choroid" EXACT [MA:0000263]
xref: VHOG:0001568 ! eye choroid
xref: FMA:58298 ! Choroid
xref: GAID:913 ! choroid
xref: MA:0000263 ! choroid
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroid
xref: TAO:0005229 ! optic choroid
xref: ZFA:0005229 ! optic choroid
xref: BTO:0001829 ! choroid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:19077 ! choroid
xref: EMAPA:25087 ! choroid layer
xref: MESH:A09.371.894.223 ! choroid
xref: EV:0100347 ! choroid
xref: SCTID:181172003 ! Entire choroid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000966 ! retina
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001773 ! sclera
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0011892 ! anterior uvea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001768 {source="MA"} ! uvea
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001802 {source="Wikipedia"} ! posterior segment of eyeball
property_value: has_relational_adjective "choroidal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0008520

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013399
name: blood vessel layer of choroid
synonym: "Haller's layer" NARROW  [FMA:58435]
synonym: "lamina vasculosa (choroid)" EXACT  [FMA:58435]
synonym: "lamina vasculosa of choroid" EXACT  [FMA:58435]
synonym: "outer layer of choroid proper" EXACT  [FMA:58435]
synonym: "Sattler's layer" NARROW  [FMA:58435]
synonym: "vessel layer of choroid" EXACT  [FMA:58435]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001776 {source="FMA"} ! optic choroid
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
xref: FMA:58435 ! vascular lamina of choroid
property_value: external_definition "a layer of medium-diameter blood vessels of the choroid, a layer of the eye[Wikipedia:Sattler's_layer]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Sattler's_layer"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010078
name: optic choroid vascular plexus
alt_id: ZFA:0005228
comment: Editor notes: Consider merging with capillary layer. See https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=1127722. Consider choriocapillaris complex
synonym: "CVP" EXACT ABBREVIATION [ZFA:0005094]
synonym: "choroid vasculature" RELATED  [ZFA:0005094]
synonym: "capillary lamina of choroid" RELATED  [XAO:0004176]
synonym: "choriocapillaris" RELATED  [XAO:0004176]
synonym: "optic choroid vascular plexus" RELATED  [XAO:0004176]
synonym: "choroidal vascular plexus" RELATED [TAO:0005094]
synonym: "choroid vascular plexus" RELATED []
xref: TAO:0005094 ! choroidal vascular plexus
is_a: UBERON:0002203 {source="ZFA"} ! vasculature of eye
is_a: UBERON:0005629 {source="XAO"} ! vascular plexus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001776 {source="ZFA"} ! optic choroid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002200 {source="XAO"} ! vasculature of head
xref: XAO:0004176 ! choroidal vascular plexus
xref: ZFA:0005094 ! optic choroid vascular plexus
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus
property_value: external_definition "Is an ocular vasculature that develops adjacent to the pigment epithelium of the eye. The optic choroid vascular plexus develops from the primitive mesencephalic artery. Initially blood enters from the mesencephalic central artery, and the dorsal ciliary vein. The plexus drains via the ophthalmic vein. The plexus supplies blood to the retina[ZFA:0005094]." xsd:string {source="ZFA:0005094"}
property_value: taxon_notes "The choroid of teleosts is a connective tissue layer rich in blood vessels, and one or two choroidal glands." xsd:string  {source="PMID:14738502"}
property_value: external_definition "A plexus of capillaries that is visible anteromedial to the eye. The choroid is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[XAO:0004176]." xsd:string {source="XAO:0004176"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005336
name: capillary layer of choroid
def: "The capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris is a layer of capillaries that is immediately adjacent to Bruch's membrane in the choroid." [Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid]
synonym: "choriocapillaris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid]
synonym: "lamina choriocapillaris" RELATED []
synonym: "capillary layer of choroid" EXACT [FMA:58437]
synonym: "inner layer of choroid proper" EXACT [FMA:58437]
synonym: "capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris" RELATED  []
synonym: "lamina choroidocapillaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid]
synonym: "capillary lamina of choroid" EXACT [FMA:58437]
xref: FMA:58437 ! capillary lamina of choroid
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003957 {source="Wikipedia:Bruch's_membrane", notes="overlaps via basement membrane. consider also adjacency"} ! Bruch's membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001776 {source="FMA"} ! optic choroid
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
xref: SCTID:280899009 ! Entire lamina choroidocapillaris
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003957 ! Bruch's membrane
name: Bruch's membrane
def: "A transparent, nearly structureless innermost layer of the choroid in contact with the pigmented layer of the retina. Bruch's membrane consists of five layers (from inside to outside): 1. the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium; 2. the inner collagenous zone; 3. a central band of elastic fibers; 4. the outer collagenous zone; 5. the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris. The retinal pigment epithelium transports metabolic waste from the photoreceptors across Bruch's membrane to the choroid." [MP:0005239, Wikipedia:Bruch's_membrane]
comment: TODO - see also 
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "basal lamina of choroid" EXACT [FMA:58438]
synonym: "lamina basilis" BROAD [FMA:58438]
synonym: "Bruch's basal membrane" EXACT [FMA:58438]
synonym: "Bruch membrane" EXACT [MESH:A09.371.894.223.250]
synonym: "lamina basalis (choroid)" EXACT [FMA:58438]
xref: GAID:914 ! bruch membrane
xref: FMA:58438 ! Basal lamina of choroid
xref: MESH:A09.371.894.223.250 ! bruch membrane
xref: ZFA:0005562 ! Bruch's membrane
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001776 ! optic choroid
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001782 ! pigmented layer of retina
xref: SCTID:280652000 ! Entire Bruch's basal membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013398
name: choroidal gland
comment: Requires review
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001776 ! optic choroid
property_value: external_definition "Teleosts bear a body of capillary adjacent to the optic nerve called the choroidal gland. Though its function is not known, it is believed to be a supplemental oxygen carrier[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid#In_bony_fish]." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid#In_bony_fish"}
property_value: external_definition "a gland on the dorsal half of the fish eyeball[http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/en_ichthyology/2916/choroid]l" xsd:string {source="http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/en_ichthyology/2916/choroid"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003947
name: brain ventricle/choroid plexus
def: "the brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses" [MP:0002200]
comment: TODO - check relationship between CP and BV. If this is part of then this class should be obsoleted
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
union_of: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
union_of: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005358 ! ventricle of nervous system
name: ventricle of nervous system
synonym: "region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis" RELATED [FMA:242770]
xref: FMA:242770 ! Region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
name: brain ventricle
def: "one of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid" []
comment: Note that FMA draws the distinction between e.g. 'fourth ventricle' and 'cavity of fourth ventricle'. The latter is a cavity, and part of the former, which is a region. The superclass of 'fourth ventricle' is_a 'region of ventricular system of the brain'. We place this class here, although it is not equivalent to ventricles, as it includes ventricle bodies. 
synonym: "cerebral ventricle" EXACT [HP:0002118]
synonym: "region of ventricular system of brain" EXACT [FMA:78447]
xref: MA:0000818 ! brain ventricle
xref: BTO:0001442 ! brain ventricle
xref: FMA:78447 ! Region of ventricular system of brain
xref: ncithesaurus:Ventricle_Brain
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmTY65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! brain ventricle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1356 ! Cerebral ventricular cavity
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276 ! cerebral ventricle
xref: EFO:0001914 ! brain ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0005358 ! ventricle of nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005282 ! ventricular system of brain
xref: SCTID:180929003 ! Entire ventricle of brain
xref: UMLS:C0007799

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005281 ! ventricular system of central nervous system
name: ventricular system of central nervous system
def: "a set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ventricular_system]
comment: todo - resolve space vs structure conflation. We follow FMA in making this and the various ventricles a structure - it follows from this that strutures such as the tela choroidea and choroid plexuses can be part of the ventricles and ventricular system. Note: see also the class 'neuraxis cavity'
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ventriculi cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ventricular_system]
synonym: "ventricle system" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ventricular_system]
synonym: "ventricular system of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:242675]
synonym: "ventricular system" EXACT [ZFA:0001261]
synonym: "CNS ventricular system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004362]
xref: TAO:0001261 ! ventricular system
xref: ZFA:0001261 ! ventricular system
xref: FMA:242675 ! ventricular system of neuraxis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray734.png/200px-Gray734.png
xref: EV:0100306 ! ventricular system
xref: EFO:0003650 ! ventricular system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 {source="ZFA"} ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
xref: EHDAA2:0004362 ! CNS ventricular system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray734.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005282 ! ventricular system of brain
name: ventricular system of brain
synonym: "brain ventricular system" EXACT [VHOG:0000005]
xref: FMA:242787 ! Ventricular system of brain
xref: VHOG:0000005 ! brain ventricular system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005281 ! ventricular system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
property_value: homology_notes "The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000005", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002561
name: neuraxis cavity
def: "The cavity that is enclosed by the central nervous system. In vertebrates this is the cavity that includes as parts ventricular cavities and the central canal of the spinal cord that develops from the lumen of the neura tube" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "cavity of ventricular system of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:75007]
synonym: "neuraxis lumen" EXACT []
synonym: "neuraxis cavity" EXACT [FMA:75007]
synonym: "cavity of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:75007]
xref: FMA:75007 ! Cavity of neuraxis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1029 ! Neuraxis cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0002558 ! organ cavity
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003842 {source="cjm"} ! neural tube lumen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004860
name: obsolete brain ventricular zone
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0003053 ! ventricular zone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004061 ! neural tube mantle layer
name: neural tube mantle layer
def: "the layer of glia and differentiating neurons that will form the gray matter of the spinal cord; this lies between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates" [MP:0009690]
xref: EMAPA:17148 ! mantle layer of lateral wall of neural tube of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
synonym: "neural tube intermediate zone" EXACT [MP:0009690]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004060 ! neural tube ventricular layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004062 ! neural tube marginal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004060 ! neural tube ventricular layer
name: neural tube ventricular layer
def: "the layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen" [MP:0009689]
comment: consider merging with 'ventricular zone'
xref: EMAPA:17152 ! ventricular layer of lateral wall of neural tube of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16783  ! ventricular layer
synonym: "neural tube ependymal zone" EXACT [MP:0009689]
synonym: "neural tube ventricular zone" RELATED [MP:0009689]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003842 ! neural lumen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004062 ! neural tube marginal layer
name: neural tube marginal layer
def: "the outermost layer of the neural tube that contains nerve fibers and will form the white matter" [MP:0009691]
synonym: "neural tube marginal zone" EXACT [MP:0009691]
xref: EMAPA:17151 ! marginal layer of lateral wall of neural tube of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005883 ! neural tube lateral wall mantle layer
name: neural tube lateral wall mantle layer
comment: TODO - expand subtypes post EHDAA2-revision, check lateral wall
xref: EHDAA2:0001261 ! neural tube lateral wall mantle layer
is_a: UBERON:0004061 ! neural tube mantle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005496 ! neural tube lateral wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009580
name: diencephalon mantle layer
synonym: "diencephalon lateral wall mantle layer" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005883 ! neural tube lateral wall mantle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005591 {source="EMAPA"} ! diencephalon lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16906 ! mantle layer of lateral wall of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000397 ! diencephalon mantle layer
xref: VHOG:0000912 ! mantle layer lateral wall diencephalon
synonym: "mantle layer lateral wall diencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0000912]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009581
name: midbrain mantle layer
synonym: "midbrain lateral wall mantle layer" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005883 ! neural tube lateral wall mantle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005495 {source="EMAPA"} ! midbrain lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16977 ! mantle layer of lateral wall of midbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0001172 ! midbrain mantle layer
xref: VHOG:0000910 ! mantle layer lateral wall midbrain
synonym: "mantle layer lateral wall midbrain" EXACT [VHOG:0000910]
synonym: "mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0000910]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009583
name: spinal cord mantle layer
synonym: "spinal cord lateral wall mantle layer" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005883 ! neural tube lateral wall mantle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009582 {source="EMAPA"} ! spinal cord lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:17580 ! mantle layer of lateral wall of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: VHOG:0000911 ! mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord
synonym: "mantle layer lateral wall spinal cord" EXACT [VHOG:0000911]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013159
name: epithalamus mantle layer
is_a: UBERON:0004022 ! embryonic neuroepithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009580 ! diencephalon mantle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001899 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithalamus
synonym: "mantle layer epithalamus" EXACT [VHOG:0000913]
synonym: "mantle layer of epithalamus" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000449 ! epithalamus mantle layer
xref: EMAPA:17533 ! mantle layer
xref: VHOG:0000913 ! mantle layer epithalamus
xref: EHDAA:5435 ! mantle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013160
name: epithalamus ventricular layer
is_a: UBERON:0004022 ! embryonic neuroepithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001899 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithalamus
synonym: "ventricular layer epithalamus" EXACT [VHOG:0000884]
synonym: "ventricular layer of epithalamus" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000450 ! epithalamus ventricular layer
xref: EMAPA:17535 ! ventricular layer
xref: EHDAA:5437 ! ventricular layer
xref: VHOG:0000884 ! ventricular layer epithalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005882 ! alar plate
name: alar plate
def: "the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies dorsal to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily sensory neurons and interneurons involved in communication of sensory impulses." [MP:0009692, Wikipedia:Alar_plate]
synonym: "alar plate of neural tube" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal part of neural tube" RELATED []
synonym: "alar lamina" RELATED [Wikipedia:Alar_lamina]
synonym: "lamina dorsolateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Alar_plate]
synonym: "lamina alaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Alar_plate]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004061 ! neural tube mantle layer
relationship: dorsal_to UBERON:0005478 ! sulcus limitans of neural tube
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Gray646.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004063
name: spinal cord alar plate
def: "the region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies dorsal to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily sensory neurons and interneurons involved in communication of sensory impulses; the alar plate develops into the dorsal horn in the grey matter of the spinal cord" [MP:0009692]
synonym: "spinal cord alar column" EXACT [MP:0009692]
synonym: "spinal cord alar lamina" EXACT [MP:0009692]
comment: TODO - merge with UBERON:0003054 roof plate?
is_a: UBERON:0005882 ! alar plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006241 ! future spinal cord
xref: EMAPA:17581 ! alar columns
xref: EMAPA:17149 ! alar columns
xref: VHOG:0000899 ! alar column spinal cord
synonym: "alar column spinal cord" EXACT [VHOG:0000899]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004064 ! basal plate
name: neural tube basal plate
def: "the region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. the region of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans. It extends from the rostral mesencephalon to the end of the spinal cord and contains primarily motor neurons, whereas neurons found in the alar plate are primarily associated with sensory functions. The cell types of the basal plate include lower motor neurons and four types of interneuron. Initially the left and right sides of the basal plate are continuous, but during neurulation they become separated by the floor plate, a derivative of the notochord[WP]." [MP:0009693, Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube)]
synonym: "basal plate" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral part of neural tube" RELATED []
synonym: "spinal cord basal plate" NARROW [MP:0009693]
synonym: "basal plate of neural tube" EXACT [Wikipedia:Basal_plate_(neural_tube)]
xref: EFO:0001904 ! basal plate
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004061 ! neural tube mantle layer
relationship: ventral_to UBERON:0005478 ! sulcus limitans of neural tube
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0002328 {source="Swenson", gene="Shh"} ! notochord
xref: ncithesaurus:Basal_Plate ! Basal Plate
xref: AAO:0010561 ! basal plate
xref: UMLS:C1511061

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010286
name: midbrain neural tube
def: "Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain." [ZFA:0007039]
xref: TAO:0007039 ! midbrain neural tube
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003080 {source="ZFA"} ! anterior neural tube
xref: ZFA:0007039 ! midbrain neural tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010285 ! midbrain basal plate
name: midbrain basal plate
def: "Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain." [ZFA:0000761]
is_a: UBERON:0002020 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010286 {source="ZFA"} ! midbrain neural tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009581 {source="EHDAA2"} ! midbrain mantle layer
xref: EHDAA2:0004375 ! midbrain basal plate
xref: ZFA:0000761 ! basal plate midbrain region
xref: TAO:0000761 ! basal plate midbrain
synonym: "basal plate midbrain" EXACT [TAO:0000761]
xref: EFO:0003567 ! basal plate midbrain region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005239
name: basal plate metencephalon
synonym: "metencephalon basal plate" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001154]
xref: VHOG:0000320
xref: EHDAA2:0001154 ! metencephalon basal plate
xref: EMAPA:17078 ! basal plate of lateral wall of metencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0004064 ! basal plate
property_value: external_definition "The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the metencephalon. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000320", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005240
name: basal plate medulla oblongata
xref: VHOG:0000324
xref: EHDAA2:0001093 ! medulla oblongata basal plate
synonym: "medulla oblongata basal plate" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001093]
xref: EMAPA:17557 ! basal plate of lateral wall of medulla oblongata
is_a: UBERON:0004064 ! basal plate
property_value: external_definition "The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the medulla oblongata. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000324", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009579
name: myelencephalon basal plate
comment: todo - check EHDAA2 post-CNS-revision
xref: VHOG:0000322
xref: EHDAA2:0000646 ! future myelencephalon basal plate
synonym: "future myelencephalon basal plate" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000646]
xref: EMAPA:17088 ! basal plate of lateral wall of myelencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0004064 ! basal plate
synonym: "basal plate myelencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0000322]
property_value: external_definition "The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the myelencephalon. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000322", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003054
name: roof plate
def: "a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells." [GO:0021509, PMID:15378040]
comment: TODO - Note that although this is classically defined as being located on the neural tube, in many AOs the roof plate continues post-embryonically after the neural tube has ceased to exist. Consider 'roof plate of neural tube'. TODO - alar plate vs roof plate
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "alar plate" RELATED [Wikipedia:Roof_plate]
synonym: "roofplate" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0007058 ! roof plate
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
xref: AAO:0011097 ! roof plate
xref: TAO:0007058 ! roof plate
property_value: external_definition "Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal-most aspect of the devleloping neural tube.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0007058", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005724
name: roof plate spinal cord region
alt_id: UBERON:0005246
xref: TAO:0001177 ! roof plate spinal cord
xref: XAO:0000022 ! roof plate
xref: ZFA:0001177 ! roof plate spinal cord region
xref: VHOG:0000777
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003054 ! roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
synonym: "roof plate spinal cord" EXACT [VHOG:0000777]
synonym: "roofplate spinal cord" RELATED [VHOG:0000777]
synonym: "spinal cord roof" RELATED [VHOG:0000777]
property_value: external_definition "Roof plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000777", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
def: "A tissue that is part of a spinal cord and is part of a roof plate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003056
name: pre-chordal neural plate
def: "The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction." [XB:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "anterior neural plate" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0000045 ! pre-chordal neural plate
xref: ZFA:0007016 ! anterior neural plate
xref: VHOG:0001200 ! anterior neural plate
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0009774 ! embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary
xref: AAO:0011084 ! pre-chordal neural plate
xref: TAO:0007016 ! anterior neural plate
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001200", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003057
name: chordal neural plate
def: "The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction." [XB:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "posterior neural plate" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0000046 ! chordal neural plate
xref: ZFA:0007017 ! posterior neural plate
xref: VHOG:0001201 ! posterior neural plate
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
relationship: posterior_to UBERON:0009774 ! embryonic midbrain hindbrain boundary
xref: TAO:0007017 ! posterior neural plate
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001201", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003058
name: hypochord
def: "The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta[GO]. near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle[AAO]" [ISBN:0815318960, PMID:10648245, GO:0055016, AAO:0000733]
comment: Unlike in frogs and axolotl, the hypochord does not appear to be endodermally derived[ZFA]
subset: dubious_grouping
synonym: "subnotochordal rod" EXACT [GO:0055016, PMID:10648245]
xref: AAO:0000733 ! hypochord
xref: VHOG:0000081 ! hypochord
xref: TAO:0000031 ! hypochord
xref: XAO:0000056 ! hypochord
xref: ZFA:0000031 ! hypochord
xref: EFO:0003475 ! hypochord
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000925 {source="XAO"} ! endoderm
property_value: external_definition "Unsegmented ventral structure in the caudal region of anuran larvae; near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000733", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002"}
property_value: external_definition "A transient rod-like structure which is endodermally derived and located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord is thought to play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta. Eriksson and Lofberg, 2000.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000031", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In other words, we identified variations in gene expression patterns that may contribute to a molecular basis of evolutionary variation of axial structures between Teleostei and Mammalia in the determination of body axis. As already mentioned, one such difference is illustrated by the hypochord present in lower vertebrates but absent in higher animals. Perhaps, Tbx-b and Tbx-c are involved in the mechanisms underlying the formation of this organ that were lost during later evolution leading to the disappearance of the hypochord itself, similarly to other organs, such as the lateral line.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000081", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:11548409 Korzh VP\, T-box genes and developmental decisions that cells make. Russian Journal of Developmental Biology (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003106
name: urostyle
def: "In teleosts: Anatomical cluster that is the result of fusion of preural centrum 1 with one or more adjacent ural centra[AAO]; Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord[AAO]." [TAO:0000158, AAO:0000732]
comment: In zebrafish, it is composed of preural vertebra 1 and ural centra 1 and 2. The number of ural centra that become fused with preural centrum 1 varies among teleost subgroups. Because of varying developmental origins the urostyle may not be homologous across species.[TAO]. Grouping with AAO dubious
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "compound centrum" RELATED []
synonym: "last vertebra" RELATED []
synonym: "ultimate vertebra" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000732 ! urostyle
xref: TAO:0000158 ! urostyle
xref: XAO:0003080 ! urostyle
xref: ZFA:0000158 ! urostyle
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000732", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002", source="AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is the result of fusion of preural centrum 1 with one or more adjacent ural centra.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000158", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of caudal fin skeleton (VSAO:0000167)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000158", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "compound caudal centrum" RELATED [TAO:0000158]
synonym: "compound terminal centrum" RELATED [TAO:0000158]
synonym: "compound terminal vertebra" RELATED [TAO:0000158]
synonym: "terminal centrum" RELATED [TAO:0000158]
property_value: external_comment "In zebrafish, it is composed of preural vertebra 1 and ural centra 1 and 2. The number of ural centra that become fused with preural centrum 1 varies among teleost subgroups. Because of varying developmental origins the urostyle may not be homologous across species.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000158", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005727
name: obsolete somitomere
def: "Obsoleted definition: In the developing vertebrate embryo, the somitomeres are loose masses of paraxial mesoderm derived cells that form along each side of the neural tube towards the end of the third gestational week. The approximately 50 pairs of somitomeres begin developing in the cranial (head) region, continuing in a caudal (tail) direction until the end of week four[WP]." [Wikipedia:Somitomere]
comment: Around the same time that experimental embryology in avian systems was most productive in the context of vertebrate head development, researchers examining embryonic head morphology with the scanning electron microscope introduced the idea of cephalic “somitomeres”. By removing the surface ectoderm from the head, they reported that the paraxial mesoderm was organized into pseudosegmental units resembling incompletely differentiated somites, which they called somitomeres (Meier 1979; Jacobson 1988, 1993; Jacobson and Meier 1984). Since then, however, there has been no clear evidence for somitomeres. It remains unclear how they relate to the epithelial cysts in the head mesoderm - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895339/]
synonym: "somatomere" RELATED [Wikipedia:Somitomere]
xref: FMA:85523 ! somitomere
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007282
name: presumptive segmental plate
xref: ZFA:0000053 ! presumptive segmental plate
xref: EFO:0003421 ! presumptive segmental plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003059 ! presomitic mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009618 {source="EDHAA2", consistent_with="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! trunk paraxial mesoderm
xref: TAO:0000053 ! presumptive segmental plate
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a presomitic mesoderm." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003059
name: presomitic mesoderm
def: "Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>" [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "PSM" RELATED []
synonym: "segmental plate" EXACT []
synonym: "somitogenic mesoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "presumptive somite mesoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "unsegmented paraxial mesoderm" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: VHOG:0000559 ! presomitic mesoderm
xref: TAO:0000279 ! segmental plate
xref: XAO:0000057 ! presomitic mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0000279 ! segmental plate
xref: EFO:0001982 ! presomitic mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011086 ! presomitic mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003077 ! paraxial mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007282 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive segmental plate
property_value: external_definition "Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000279", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "unsegmented mesenchyme" RELATED [VHOG:0000559]
property_value: homology_notes "It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000559", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1006/dbio.2001.0460 Schubert M\, Holland LZ\, Dale Stokes M and Holland ND\, Three Amphoxius Wnt Genes (AmphiWnt3\, AmphiWnt5\, and AmphiWnt6) Associated with the Tail Bud: the Evolution of Somitogenesis in Chordates. Developmental Biology (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002329
name: somite
def: "Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior–posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm." [Wikipedia:Somite, doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01987.x]
comment: Editor notes: currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and UBERONREF:0000002. Consider making "somitic mesoderm" a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk // When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "somites" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "mesodermal cluster" EXACT [GO:0001756]
synonym: "somitic mesoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "epithelial somite" RELATED [UBERONREF:0000002]
xref: EHDAA:366 ! somite
xref: EHDAA:699 ! somite
xref: FMA:85522 ! Somite
xref: GAID:1306 ! somite
xref: VHOG:0000191 ! somite
xref: MAT:0000068 ! somite
xref: MIAA:0000068 ! somite
xref: TAO:0000155 ! somite
xref: XAO:0000058 ! somite
xref: ZFA:0000155 ! somite
xref: ncithesaurus:Somite ! Somite
xref: BTO:0001558 ! somite
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png
xref: MESH:A16.254.425.660.750 ! somite
xref: EHDAA2:0003436 ! somite
xref: AEO:0001015 ! somite
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0007503 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial vesicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003059 {source="ZFA"} ! presomitic mesoderm
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="GOTAX:0000352"} ! Chordata
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 {source="PMID:17237766"} ! Tunicata
xref: AAO:0010569 ! somite
synonym: "somitus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Somite]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png
property_value: external_definition "Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010569", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010569", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000155", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000155", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000155", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000191", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.40\, DOI:10.1093/icb/43.1.137 Balavoine G\, Adoutte A\, The segmented urbilateria: a testable scenario. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2003)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "somitic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0376449

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004290 ! dermomyotome
name: dermomyotome
def: "The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome." [AEO:0000214]
xref: ZFA:0001513 ! dermomyotome
xref: VHOG:0000676 ! dermomyotome
xref: EHDAA2:0003259 ! dermomyotome
xref: ncithesaurus:Dermomyotome ! Dermomyotome
is_a: UBERON:0000486 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002329 {source="ZFA", source="EHDAA2"} ! somite
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
xref: AAO:0010572 ! dermomyotome
xref: TAO:0001513 ! dermomyotome
xref: AEO:0000214 ! dermomyotome
property_value: external_definition "Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010572", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001513", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "dermamyotome" RELATED [VHOG:0000676]
synonym: "dermomyotomes" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000676]
property_value: homology_notes "Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000676", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.05079.x Devoto SH\, Stoiber W\, Hammond CL\, Steinbacher P\, Haslett JR\, Barresi MJF\, Patterson SE\, Adiarte EG and Hughes SM\, Generality of vertebrate developmental patterns: evidence for a dermomyotome in fish. Evolution and Development (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1511786
property_value: external_definition "Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]." xsd:string {source="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004016 ! dermatome
name: dermatome
def: "the mesoderm that is derived from the somite that is fated to become the dermis[MP]" [MP:0003940, Wikipedia:Dermatomal_mesenchyme]
comment: Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'.
synonym: "cutis plate" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cutis_plate]
synonym: "dermatomal mesenchyme" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cutis_plate]
xref: XAO:0000220 ! dermatome
xref: EHDAA:1719 ! dermatome
xref: EHDAA:1725 ! dermatome
xref: EHDAA:1731 ! dermatome
xref: EHDAA:1737 ! dermatome
xref: ncithesaurus:Dermatome ! Dermatome
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004290 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dermomyotome
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011028 ! dermatome
xref: AEO:0001017 ! dermatome
xref: EHDAA2:0003428 ! dermatome
synonym: "mesenchyma dermatomiale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dermatomal_mesenchyme]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Gray64.png
xref: UMLS:C0180383

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003082 ! myotome
name: myotome
def: "A group of tissues formed from somites that develop into the body wall muscle[WP]. Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle. mesoderm that is derived from the somite that is fated to become the musculature[MP]. Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses[ZFA]" [PMID:17313522, Wikipedia:Myotome, ZFIN:curator, MP:0003939]
comment: Editors note: The term "myotome" is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "myomere" RELATED []
synonym: "myotomes" RELATED []
synonym: "myotome region" RELATED []
synonym: "muscle plate" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000742
xref: EHDAA:1721 ! myotome
xref: EHDAA:1727 ! myotome
xref: EHDAA:1733 ! myotome
xref: EHDAA:1739 ! myotome
xref: VHOG:0001244 ! myotome
xref: TAO:0001056 ! myotome
xref: XAO:0000315 ! myotome
xref: ZFA:0001056 ! myotome
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray65.png/200px-Gray65.png
xref: EHDAA2:0003431 ! myotome
xref: AEO:0001018 ! myotome
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004290 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dermomyotome
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011067 ! myotome
xref: SCTID:344535001 ! Entire myotome
xref: ncithesaurus:Myotome_Region ! Myotome Region
synonym: "myotomus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Myotome]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray65.png
property_value: external_definition "Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001056", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "myomeres" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001056]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001244", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.embor920 Hollway GE\, Currie PD\, Myotome meanderings. Cellular morphogenesis and the making of muscle. EMBO Rep.(2003)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1513802

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010963
name: trunk and cervical myotome group
comment: isa row in EHDAA2
is_a: UBERON:0003082 ! myotome
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005256 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0003425 ! trunk and cervical myotome group

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003089 ! sclerotome
name: sclerotome
def: "Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]." [Wikipedia:Sclerotome, XB:curator]
comment: AO notes: part_of somite in XAO
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: VHOG:0000680 ! sclerotome
xref: TAO:0001080 ! sclerotome
xref: XAO:0000397 ! sclerotome
xref: ZFA:0001080 ! sclerotome
xref: ncithesaurus:Sclerotome ! Sclerotome
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray65.png/200px-Gray65.png
is_a: UBERON:0005856 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchymal condensation
is_a: UBERON:0007530 {source="EHDAA2"} ! migrating mesenchyme population
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002329 {source="ZFA"} ! somite
xref: AAO:0010571 ! sclerotome
xref: EHDAA2:0003439 ! sclerotome
xref: AEO:0000212 ! sclerotome
synonym: "sclerotomus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sclerotome]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray65.png
property_value: external_definition "Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010571", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
synonym: "sclerotomes" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0001080]
property_value: homology_notes "The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000680", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0183176

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003061
name: blood island
def: "Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Blood_island_of_umbilical_vesicle]
comment: AO notes: EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "blood islands" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "caudal hematopoietic tissue" RELATED []
synonym: "posterior blood island" RELATED []
synonym: "posterior ICM" RELATED []
synonym: "VBI" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral blood island" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral lateral plate mesoderm" BROAD []
xref: VHOG:0000085 ! blood island
xref: TAO:0000094 ! blood island
xref: XAO:0000067 ! blood island
xref: ZFA:0000094 ! blood island
xref: ncithesaurus:Blood_Island ! Blood Island
xref: EFO:0003489 ! blood island
xref: TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4
xref: EHDAA:207
xref: AAO:0011006 ! blood island
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003081 ! lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: site_of GO:0001525 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! angiogenesis
relationship: site_of GO:0030097 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! hemopoiesis
property_value: external_definition "Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011006", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000094", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000094", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000085", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.450\, DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V\, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1511224

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003304
alt_id: UBERON:0003305
name: mesoderm blood island
comment: in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta
synonym: "mesoderm blood islands" EXACT PLURAL [EHDAA2:0003241]
synonym: "mesenchyme blood island" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:170 ! blood island
xref: EMAPA:16115 ! blood island of mesoderm of yolk sac (also: UBERON:0011919 'yolk sac blood island')
xref: EMAPA:16268 ! blood island of mesenchyme of yolk sac (also: UBERON:0011919 'yolk sac blood island')
is_a: UBERON:0007503 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0003061 ! blood island
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007798 {source="EHDAA2"} ! vascular system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0003241 ! mesoderm blood islands
def: "A blood island that is part of a mesoderm." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011919
name: yolk sac blood island
def: "masses of developing blood cells attached to endothelium in the yolk sac" [MP:0011204]
synonym: "yolk sac blood islands" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000177]
synonym: "visceral yolk sac blood island" EXACT [MP:0011204]
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003316 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of yolk sac
intersection_of: UBERON:0003061 ! blood island
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003316 ! mesenchyme of yolk sac
xref: EHDAA2:0000177 ! yolk sac blood islands
xref: EMAPA:16268 ! blood island of mesenchyme of yolk sac (also: UBERON:0003304 'mesoderm blood island')
xref: EMAPA:16115 ! blood island of mesoderm of yolk sac (also: UBERON:0003304 'mesoderm blood island')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011921
name: connecting stalk blood islands
comment: AO notes: in EHDAA2 gives rise to connecting stalk blood vessels and extraembryonic umbilical vessels
synonym: "blood island of umbilical vesicle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Blood_island]
synonym: "insula sanguinea vesiculae umbilicalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Blood_island]
is_a: UBERON:0007503 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial vesicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005667 {source="EHDAA2"} ! connecting stalk mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002331 {source="EHDAA2"} ! umbilical cord
xref: EHDAA2:0003242 ! connecting stalk blood islands

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007807
name: connecting stalk blood vessel
xref: EHDAA2:0000313 ! connecting stalk blood vessels
synonym: "connecting stalk blood vessels" EXACT PLURAL [EHDAA2:0000313]
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007806 ! connecting stalk
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011921 {source="EHDAA2"} ! connecting stalk blood islands

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007806 ! connecting stalk
name: connecting stalk
def: "A bridge of mesoderm connecting the caudal end of the young embryo with the trophoblastic tissues; the precursor of the umbilical cord." [Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]
comment: todo - this is currently defined as a bridge of mesoderm, but in EHDAA2 is extraembryonic structure split into mesoderm and blood vessels
xref: BTO:0004705 ! connecting stalk
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005728 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic mesoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Connecting_Stalk ! Connecting Stalk
xref: UMLS:C1516792

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005667
name: connecting stalk mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000314 ! connecting stalk mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007806 ! connecting stalk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002331
name: umbilical cord
def: "The connecting cord from the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord comes from the same zygote as the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the umbilical arteries return the deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood[WP]." [Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord]
comment: See notes for connecting stalk
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "connecting stalk" RELATED []
synonym: "birth cord" RELATED [Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord]
synonym: "yolk stalk" RELATED [BTO:0001415]
xref: FMA:85541 ! Umbilical cord
xref: GAID:517 ! umbilical cord
xref: MAT:0000280 ! umbilical cord
xref: MIAA:0000280 ! umbilical cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Umbilical_Cord ! Umbilical Cord
xref: BTO:0001415 ! umbilical cord
xref: EFO:0001415 ! umbilical cord
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvyewDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! umbilical cord
xref: EHDAA2:0000312 ! connecting stalk
xref: EMAPA:26115 ! umbilical cord
xref: MESH:A16.254.789 ! umbilical cord
xref: EHDAA:158 ! connecting stalk
xref: EV:0100127 ! umbilical cord
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007806 ! connecting stalk
relationship: connects UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: connects UBERON:0001987 ! placenta
xref: SCTID:280644003 ! Entire umbilical cord
synonym: "funiculus umbilicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Umbilical_cord]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Umbilicalcord.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "umbilical" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0041633

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003065
name: ciliary marginal zone
def: "Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050427-5'>Wehman et al, 2005.</a>" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "circumferential germinal zone" RELATED []
synonym: "CMZ" RELATED []
synonym: "peripheral growth zone" EXACT [ZFA:0001289]
xref: VHOG:0000088 ! ciliary marginal zone
xref: TAO:0001289 ! ciliary marginal zone
xref: XAO:0000086 ! ciliary marginal zone
xref: ZFA:0001289 ! ciliary marginal zone
xref: EFO:0003668 ! ciliary marginal zone
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina
xref: AAO:0010342 ! ciliary marginal zone
property_value: external_definition "Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth. Wehman et al, 2005.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001289", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The retina of all vertebrates develops via similar mechanisms. Toward the end of retinal histogenesis, proliferating progenitors and newly generated cells are confined to peripheral regions of the retina. In fish and amphibians, this region is maintained after embryonic development and becomes the CMZ (ciliary margin zone). A CMZ exists in birds but compared to that of fish and amphibians this region produces much less new retina as the globe of the eye expands postnatally. At least some of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the addition of new cells in this zone appear to have been conserved from fish to birds.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000088", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1159/000057571 Reh TA\, Fischer AJ\, Stem cells in the vertebrate retina. Brain Behav Evol (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003067
name: dorsolateral placode
def: "Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: The only remaining dorsolateral placode in land vertebrates is the otic/octaval placode
synonym: "dorsolateral placodes" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001310]
xref: VHOG:0000103 ! dorsolateral placode
xref: TAO:0001310 ! dorsolateral placode
xref: XAO:0000187 ! dorsolateral placode
xref: ZFA:0001310 ! dorsolateral placode
is_a: UBERON:0009955 {source="NBK53175"} ! neurogenic placode
relationship: dorsal_to UBERON:0003078 ! epibranchial placode
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000103", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005494
name: intermediate mesenchyme
def: "." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3515562&group_id=76834&atid=994726]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0000990 ! intermediate mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000871 ! intermediate mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000261 ! intermediate mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:689 ! intermediate mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0005256 {source="ZFA"} ! trunk mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: TAO:0000990 ! intermediate mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003064 ! intermediate mesoderm
name: intermediate mesoderm
def: "The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads." [GOC:curators, Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm]
comment: note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "IM" RELATED []
synonym: "intermediate mesenchyme" RELATED [UBERONREF:0000002]
synonym: "intermediate plate mesoderm" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: VHOG:0000087 ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: TAO:0001206 ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: XAO:0000085 ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0001206 ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Intermediate_Mesoderm ! Intermediate Mesoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png
xref: EMAPA:16178 ! intermediate mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000926 {source="AAO"} ! mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005256 {source="EMAPA"} ! trunk mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="XAO"} ! mesoderm
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003077 ! paraxial mesoderm
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003081 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: AAO:0010575 ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: SCTID:361476001 ! Intermediate mesoderm
synonym: "mesenchyma intermedium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intermediate_mesoderm]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png
property_value: external_definition "Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010575", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "(...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000087", ontology="VHOG", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoderm\, ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A\, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1284010

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003063
alt_id: UBERON:0004881
name: prechordal plate
def: "a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells[GO]. Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chordamesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region[ZFA]. Uniquely thickened portion of the endoderm that is in contact with ectoderm immediately rostral to the cephalic tip of the notochord[WP]." [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Prechordal_plate]
comment: todo - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA?
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "head mesenchyme" BROAD [XAO:0000079]
synonym: "head mesoderm" BROAD [XAO:0000079]
xref: EHDAA:181 ! prechordal plate
xref: VHOG:0000086 ! prechordal plate
xref: TAO:0000060 ! prechordal plate
xref: XAO:0000079 ! prechordal plate
xref: ZFA:0000060 ! prechordal plate
xref: EHDAA2:0001493 ! prechordal plate
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003068 {source="ZFA"} ! axial mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011085 ! prechordal plate
property_value: external_definition "Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000060", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000086", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000086", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00073.x Neidert AH\, Panopoulou G and Langeland JA\, Amphioxus goosecoid and the evolution of the head organizer and prechordal plate. Evolution and Development (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005253
name: head mesenchyme
def: "Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells." [ISBN:0683400088, MP:0011260]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cephalic mesenchyme" EXACT [MP:0011260]
xref: VHOG:0000332
xref: ZFA:0000113 ! head mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16098 ! head mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16269  ! head mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000732 ! head mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:179 ! head mesenchyme
xref: EFO:0003492 ! head mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="ZFA"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: TAO:0000113 ! head mesenchyme
property_value: external_definition "Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000113", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005280 ! head mesoderm
name: obsolete head mesoderm
synonym: "cranial mesoderm" EXACT []
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004031
name: ectomesenchyme
def: "mesenchymal cells derived from neural crest cells that contribute to development of the hard and soft tissue in the head and neck, including the branchial arches[MP]." [MP:0006302, Wikipedia:Ectomesenchyme]
is_a: UBERON:0005253 ! head mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
property_value: external_definition "Ectomesenchyme has similar properties to mesenchyme. The major difference is that ectomesenchyme is usually considered to arise from neural crest cells, which are a critical group of cells that form in the cranial region during early vertebrate development. Thus, ectomesenchyme plays a critical role in the formation of the hard and soft tissues of the head and neck such as bones, muscles, teeth, and, most important, the branchial arches[Wikipedia:Ectomesenchyme]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Ectomesenchyme"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
name: head mesenchyme from mesoderm
comment: Editor note: merged in 'head mesoderm' from XAO/AAO and EFO here. Partially implements UBERONREF:0000002 NC meeting scheme
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "head mesenchyme from head mesoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001118]
synonym: "mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm" EXACT [EHDAA:1057]
synonym: "mesenchyme from head mesoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "head mesenchyme from mesoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial mesoderm" RELATED [UBERON:0005280]
synonym: "head mesoderm" RELATED [AAO:0011051, UBERON:0005280]
xref: ZFA:0000998 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001118 ! head mesenchyme from head mesoderm
xref: VHOG:0000185 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm
xref: EMAPA:16270  ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm
xref: EMAPA:16099 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of head mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:655 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of head mesenchyme
xref: EFO:0003603 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm
xref: XAO:0000053 ! head mesoderm
xref: EFO:0003337 ! head mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011051 ! head mesoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0005253 ! head mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005253 {source="ZFA"} ! head mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003063 {source="EHDAA2", source="XAO"} ! prechordal plate
xref: TAO:0000998 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm
def: "A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007213
name: mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "head mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000735]
synonym: "head mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000735]
synonym: "head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest" EXACT []
synonym: "head neural crest derived mesenchyme" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0000787 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000735 ! head mesenchyme from neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16271  ! mesenchyme derived from neural crest
xref: EMAPA_RETIRED:16271  ! mesenchyme derived from neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16169 ! mesenchyme derived from neural crest of head mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16100 ! mesenchyme derived from neural-crest
xref: EFO:0003572 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0005253 {source="ZFA"} ! head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003099 ! cranial neural crest
xref: TAO:0000787 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007214
name: mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "trunk mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002093]
synonym: "trunk neural crest derived mesenchyme" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0000999 ! mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0002093 ! trunk mesenchyme from neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16182 ! mesenchyme derived from neural crest of trunk mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0005256 ! trunk mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003083 ! trunk neural crest
xref: TAO:0000999 ! mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a trunk neural crest." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009617 ! head paraxial mesoderm
name: head paraxial mesoderm
def: "Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles." [PMID:21610022]
synonym: "cephalic paraxial mesoderm" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "cephalic paraxial mesoderm" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "head paraxial mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000736]
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003077 ! paraxial mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005253 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000736 ! head paraxial mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16171 ! paraxial mesenchyme of head mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:364 ! paraxial mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009618 ! trunk paraxial mesoderm
name: trunk paraxial mesoderm
synonym: "trunk paraxial mesenchyme" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003077 ! paraxial mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005256 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0002094 ! trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme
synonym: "trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002094]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009620
name: tail bud paraxial mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003077 ! paraxial mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002533 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tail bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009618 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk paraxial mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0003239 ! tail bud paraxial mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009891
name: facial mesenchyme
synonym: "face mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "mesenchyme of face" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a face." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011208
name: medial migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme
synonym: "medial migration pathway mesenchyme" EXACT [ZFA:0000786]
synonym: "medial migration pathway" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011210 ! migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001075 ! medial migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:1747 ! medial migration pathway
xref: EMAPA:16597 ! medial migration pathway
xref: ZFA:0000786 ! medial migration pathway mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0000786 ! medial migration pathway mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011209
name: lateral migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme
synonym: "lateral migration pathway mesenchyme" EXACT [ZFA:0000992]
synonym: "lateral migration pathway" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011210 ! migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000915 ! lateral migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:1745 ! lateral migration pathway
xref: EMAPA:16596 ! lateral migration pathway
xref: TAO:0000992 ! lateral migration pathway mesenchyme
xref: ZFA:0000992 ! lateral migration pathway mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011210 ! migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme
name: migration pathway NC-derived mesenchyme
synonym: "migration pathway mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "NC migration pathway" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0007530 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! migrating mesenchyme population
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007214 {source="EHDAA2-abduced", source="ZFA-abduced"} ! mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007214 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! mesenchyme derived from trunk neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003070
name: trigeminal placode
def: "The ectodermal rudiment of the trigeminal ganglion." [VHOG:0000109]
comment: Fig9-5 of ISBN10:0471888893 calls this the profundus placode; XAO says 'profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end...'
synonym: "trigeminal V placode" EXACT  []
synonym: "profundus placode" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "profundus V placode" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ISBN10:0471888893]
xref: VHOG:0000109 ! trigeminal placode
xref: TAO:0000162 ! trigeminal placode
xref: XAO:0000225 ! trigeminal placode
xref: ZFA:0000162 ! trigeminal placode
xref: EFO:0003433 ! trigeminal placode
is_a: UBERON:0003067 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! dorsolateral placode
xref: EHDAA2:0004209 ! trigeminal placode
property_value: external_definition "The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.[XAO]" xsd:string {ontology="XAO"}
property_value: external_definition "The ectodermal rudiment of the trigeminal ganglion, distinguishable during much of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000162", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The dorsolateral placodes (trigeminal and vestibular) develop from ectoderm lateral to the brain (...). In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000109", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003073
name: lens placode
def: "A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lens_placode, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006)[NBK53175]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: EHDAA:2908 ! lens placode
xref: VHOG:0000166 ! lens placode
xref: TAO:0000122 ! lens placode
xref: XAO:0000240 ! lens placode
xref: ZFA:0000122 ! lens placode
xref: ncithesaurus:Lens_Placodes ! Lens Placodes
xref: EHDAA2:0000982 ! lens placode
xref: EMAPA:16672 ! lens placode
xref: EFO:0003494 ! lens placode
is_a: UBERON:0011814 {source="NBK53175"} ! non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
is_a: UBERON:0002546 ! cranial placode
intersection_of: UBERON:0005085 ! ectodermal placode
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000965 ! lens
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010312 {source="ZFA"} ! immature eye
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0004128 ! optic vesicle
xref: AAO:0011055 ! lens placode
synonym: "placoda lentis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lens_placode]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Gray864.png
property_value: external_definition "Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000122", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000166", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1517770

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003078 ! epibranchial placode
name: epibranchial placode
def: "Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia." [VHOG:0000117]
comment: Epibranchial placodes-derived neurons innervate internal organs to transmit information such as heart rate, blood pressure, and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001). From rostral to caudal the epibranchial placodes comprise the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose placodes, each associated in sequence with the first, second and third branchial clefts. Each placode contributes sensory neurons to cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagal nerve), respectively[NBK53175]. AO notes: in XAO this develops_from dorsolateral placode, but in NBK53175, this is a separate group
synonym: "epibranchial placodes" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001294]
synonym: "ventrolateral placode" RELATED  [ISBN10:0471888893]
xref: VHOG:0000117 ! epibranchial placode
xref: TAO:0001294 ! epibranchial placode
xref: XAO:0000284 ! epibranchial placode
xref: ZFA:0001294 ! epibranchial placode
xref: EFO:0003455 ! epibranchial placode
is_a: UBERON:0009955 {source="NBK53175", source="ZFA"} ! neurogenic placode
is_a: UBERON:0007497 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! developing epithelial placode
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 {source="ZFA"} ! peripheral nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: AAO:0011036 ! epibranchial placode
property_value: external_definition "Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. [Graham_A, The_development_and_evolution_of_the_pharyngeal_arches._J_Anat_(2001)_199:_133-141][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000117", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000117", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A\, The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009124
name: geniculate placode
def: "Rostralmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 1st branchial cleft." [NBK:NBK53175]
comment: Taxonomic equivalence to EHDAA2 class made on basis of shared development: gives rise to geniculate ganglion
synonym: "facial VII placode" RELATED  []
synonym: "hyoid placode" RELATED  [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "hyoid VII placode" RELATED  [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "facial placode" EXACT  [ZFA:0001295]
synonym: "facial epibranchial placode" EXACT [XAO:0004211]
synonym: "epibranchial placode 1" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004206]
xref: TAO:0001295 ! facial placode
is_a: UBERON:0003078 {source="ZFA"} ! epibranchial placode
xref: ZFA:0001295 ! facial placode
xref: XAO:0004211 ! facial epibranchial placode
xref: EHDAA2:0004206 ! epibranchial placode 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009125
name: petrosal placode
def: "Epibranchial placode between geniculate and nodose. Associated with 2nd branchial cleft." [NBK:NBK53175]
comment: Taxonomic equivalence to EHDAA2 class made on basis of shared development: gives rise to glossopharyngeal ganglion
synonym: "glossopharyngeal IX placode" EXACT [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal placode" EXACT  [ZFA:0001296, ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode" EXACT  [XAO:0004212]
synonym: "epibranchial placode 2" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004207]
xref: TAO:0001296 ! glossopharyngeal placode
is_a: UBERON:0003078 {source="ZFA"} ! epibranchial placode
xref: ZFA:0001296 ! glossopharyngeal placode
xref: XAO:0004212 ! glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode
xref: EHDAA2:0004207 ! epibranchial placode 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009126
name: nodosal placode
def: "Caudalmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 3rd branchial cleft." [NBK:NBK53175]
comment: Taxonomic equivalence to EHDAA2 class made on basis of shared development: Gives rise to inferior vagus ganglion. Note that ZFA has 4 vagal placodes
synonym: "vagal placode" RELATED  [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "vagal X placode" RELATED  [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "nodose placode" EXACT  [XAO:0004213]
synonym: "vagal epibranchial placode" EXACT  [XAO:0004213]
synonym: "epibranchial placode 3" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004208]
is_a: UBERON:0003078 {source="NBK53175"} ! epibranchial placode
xref: XAO:0004213 ! vagal epibranchial placode
xref: EHDAA2:0004208 ! epibranchial placode 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009127
name: epibranchial ganglion
def: "Cranial ganglion which develops from an epibranchial placode." [ZFIN:curator, PMID:20133851]
comment: Epibranchial ganglia orchestrate the development of the cranial neurogenic crest
synonym: "epibranchial ganglia" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001555]
xref: TAO:0001555 ! epibranchial ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001714 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0001714 ! cranial ganglion
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003078 ! epibranchial placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003078 {source="NBK53175"} ! epibranchial placode
xref: ZFA:0001555 ! epibranchial ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003079
name: floor plate
def: "A ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage[GO]. A structure integral to the developing nervous system of vertebrate organisms. Located on the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube, the floor plate is a specialized glial structure that spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions. It has been shown that the floor plate is conserved among vertebrates with homologous structures in invertebrates such as the fruit fly Drosophila and the nematode C. elegans. Functionally, the structure serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube[WP]." [GO:0021508, PMID:15738958, Wikipedia:Floor_plate]
comment: Note that although this is classically defined as being located on the neural tube, in many AOs the floor plate continues post-embryonically after the neural tube has ceased to exist. Consider 'floor plate of neural tube'.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floorplate" EXACT []
synonym: "bodenplatte" RELATED [BTO:0001720]
synonym: "ventral plate" RELATED [BTO:0001720]
xref: TAO:0000022 ! floor plate
xref: ZFA:0000022 ! floor plate
xref: BTO:0001720 ! floor plate
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000545 ! floor plate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gray642.png/200px-Gray642.png
xref: EFO:0003473 ! floor plate
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007286 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive floor plate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002328 {source="Wikipedia"} ! notochord
relationship: secretes PR:000015557 ! spondin-1
xref: AAO:0011041 ! floor plate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Gray642.png
property_value: external_definition "Organizing center consisting of a small group of cells located at the ventral midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, governing the specification of neuronal cell types and directing axonal trajectories.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011041", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="GO:0021508", source="PMID:15738958"}
synonym: "FP" RELATED [TAO:0000022]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005723
name: floor plate spinal cord region
alt_id: UBERON:0005247
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floorplate spinal cord" EXACT [ZFA:0000890]
xref: TAO:0000890 ! floor plate spinal cord
xref: XAO:0000306 ! floor plate
xref: VHOG:0000787 ! floor plate spinal cord 
xref: EMAPA:17578 ! floor plate of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: ZFA:0000890 ! floor plate spinal cord region
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003079 ! floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003306 ! floor plate of neural tube
synonym: "floor plate spinal cord" EXACT [VHOG:0000787]
synonym: "spinal cord floor" RELATED [VHOG:0000787]
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the available data for tunicates, amphioxus, and vertebrates indicate that a floorplate-like structure was already present in the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates and that the genetic mechanisms for DV patterning of the nerve cord were also largely in place.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000787", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord and is part of a floor plate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003306 ! floor plate of neural tube
name: floor plate of neural tube
def: "A floor plate that is part of a neural tube [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Note that although 'floor plate' is classically defined as being located on the neural tube, in many AOs the floor plate continues post-embryonically after the neural tube has ceased to exist. We introduce this class for the neural tube specific structure
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floorplate of neural tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neural tube floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neural tube floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate neural tube" EXACT [ZFA:0001434]
xref: EHDAA:2871 ! floor plate
xref: EHDAA:910 ! floor plate
xref: ZFA:0001434 ! floor plate neural tube
xref: VHOG:0000300 ! floor plate neural tube
xref: EHDAA2:0001256 ! neural tube floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16165 ! floor plate of neural tube of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16531 ! floor plate of neural tube of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EFO:0003688 ! floor plate neural tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003079 ! floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
xref: TAO:0001434 ! floor plate neural tube
synonym: "floorplate neural tube" RELATED [VHOG:0000300]
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the available data for tunicates, amphioxus, and vertebrates indicate that a floorplate-like structure was already present in the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates and that the genetic mechanisms for DV patterning of the nerve cord were also largely in place.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000300", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003080
name: anterior neural tube
comment: editor note: TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages
xref: VHOG:0001384 ! anterior neural tube
xref: TAO:0007038 ! anterior neural tube
xref: XAO:0000307 ! anterior neural tube
xref: ZFA:0007038 ! anterior neural tube
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003056 ! pre-chordal neural plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
xref: AAO:0011012 ! anterior neural tube
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001384", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003081
alt_id: UBERON:0006258
name: lateral plate mesoderm
def: "Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm, MP:0010117]
comment: AO notes: subclass of mesoderm in ZFA.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral mesoderm" EXACT [GO:0048368]
synonym: "lateral plate" RELATED []
synonym: "lateral plate mesenchyme" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000919]
synonym: "mesoderma laminae lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm]
xref: VHOG:0000118 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: TAO:0000121 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: XAO:0000311 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0000121 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Mesoderm ! Lateral Mesoderm
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png/200px-Gray19_with_color.png
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000926 {source="EHDAA2", source="VHOG"} ! mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="EHDAA2", source="XAO"} ! mesoderm
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0003887 ! intraembryonic coelom
xref: AAO:0010574 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: SCTID:361477005 ! Lateral plate mesoderm
xref: EMAPA:16179 ! lateral plate mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000919 ! lateral plate mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:379 ! lateral plate mesenchyme
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray19_with_color.png
property_value: external_definition "Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010574", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000118", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000118", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4449 Shimeld SM and Holland PW. Vertebrate innovations. PNAS (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1517749

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009881 ! anterior lateral plate mesoderm
name: anterior lateral plate mesoderm
synonym: "ALPM" EXACT  [ZFA:0005041]
xref: TAO:0005041 ! anterior lateral plate mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 {source="ZFA"} ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0005041 ! anterior lateral plate mesoderm
xref: EFO:0003704 ! anterior lateral plate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009910
name: posterior lateral plate mesoderm
synonym: "PLPM" EXACT  [ZFA:0005042]
xref: TAO:0005042 ! posterior lateral plate mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000926 {source="ZFA"} ! mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 {source="ZFA"} ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0005042 ! posterior lateral plate mesoderm
xref: EFO:0003705 ! posterior lateral plate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004871
name: somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
def: "Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers]
comment: check BILA
synonym: "outer layer of lateral plate mesoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "somatic mesoderm" RELATED [BILA:0000047]
synonym: "parietal mesoderm" RELATED [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
xref: XAO:0000271 ! somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
xref: BILA:0000047 ! somatic mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011100 ! somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004872 ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
name: splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
def: "Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm#Division_into_layers]
comment: AO notes: We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors
synonym: "inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral mesoderm" BROAD [BILA:0000044, http://www.stedmans.com/, http://www.drugs.com/dict/visceral-mesoderm.html]
synonym: "splanchnic mesoderm" RELATED [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
xref: XAO:0000276 ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
xref: BILA:0000044 ! visceral mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011102 ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004873
name: splanchnopleure
def: "a structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the inner (or splanchnic) layer adheres to the endoderm, and with it forms the splanchnopleure[WP]." [Wikipedia:Splanchnopleure]
synonym: "ventral splanchnic mesoderm" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intraembryonic_coelom]
comment: todo - check relationship to LPM
xref: EHDAA:383 ! splanchnopleure
xref: EMAPA:16181 ! splanchnopleure
xref: VHOG:0000558 ! splanchnopleure
xref: EHDAA2:0001903 ! splanchnopleure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray16.png/200px-Gray16.png
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lateral plate mesenchyme
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Splanchnopleure ! Splanchnopleure
xref: UMLS:C1519472

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004874 ! somatopleure
name: somatopleure
def: "a structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Somatopleure]
comment: todo - check relationship to LPM
xref: EHDAA:381 ! somatopleure
xref: EMAPA:16180 ! somatopleure
xref: VHOG:0000557 ! somatopleure
xref: EHDAA2:0001847 ! somatopleure
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray16.png/200px-Gray16.png
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lateral plate mesenchyme
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Somatopleure ! Somatopleure
xref: UMLS:C1519423

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010377 ! mesenchyme from somatopleure
name: mesenchyme from somatopleure
comment: Editor notes: the way this class is defined also includes extraembryonic mesenchyme such as the amniotic mesenchyme; in future this may be restricted to embryonic derivatives
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0004874 ! somatopleure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009142 {source="EHDAA2"} ! entire mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001120 ! mesenchyme from somatopleure
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010378 ! mesenchyme from splanchnopleure
name: mesenchyme from splanchnopleure
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0004873 ! splanchnopleure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009142 {source="EHDAA2"} ! entire mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001122 ! mesenchyme from splanchnopleure
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a splanchnopleure." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008919
name: obsolete mesenchyme from somatopleure
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0010377 ! mesenchyme from somatopleure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008920
name: obsolete mesenchyme from splanchnopleure
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0010378 ! mesenchyme from splanchnopleure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005876
name: undifferentiated genital tubercle
def: "A genital tubercle is a body of tissue present in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It forms in the ventral, caudal region of mammalian embryos of both sexes, and eventually develops into a phallus. In the human fetus the genital tubercle develops around week 4 of gestation, and by week 9 becomes recognizably either a clitoris or penis. This should not be confused with the sinus tubercle which is a proliferation of endoderm induced by paramesonephic ducts. Even after the phallus is developed, the term genital tubercle remains, but only as the terminal end of it[2], which develops into either the glans penis or the glans clitoridis. The genital tubercle is sensitive to dihydrotestosterone and rich in 5-alpha-reductase, so that the amount of fetal testosterone present after the second month is a major determinant of phallus size at birth.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Genital_tubercle]
comment: Taxon notes: todo - add taxon constraints. AO notes: we assume the EMAPA class is the undifferentiated form based on TS timings
synonym: "undifferentiated genital tubercle" EXACT [VHOG:0000583]
synonym: "tuberculum phallicum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Genital_tubercle]
synonym: "phallic tubercle" RELATED []
synonym: "tuberculum genitale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Genital_tubercle]
synonym: "genital tubercle" RELATED [EMAPA:17382]
xref: EMAPA:17382 ! genital tubercle
xref: EHDAA2:0000705 ! genital tubercle
xref: EHDAA:5925 ! genital tubercle of reproductive system
xref: VHOG:0000583 ! undifferentiated genital tubercle
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009196 {source="EHDAA2"} ! indifferent external genitalia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004874 ! somatopleure
xref: SCTID:308798005 ! Entire genital tubercle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Gray1119.png
property_value: external_definition "embryonic anlage of the external genitalia, which emerges as paired swellings ventral to the cloacal membrane, is proposed to be derived from all three germ layers, and gives rise to the penis, clitoris, scrotum, labia, and foreskin; GT development is indistinguishable in male and female mouse embryos until ~E16, when the urethral plate begins to be masculinized to form the penile urethra, marking the beginning of an androgen-dependent phase of sexual differentiation[MP]" xsd:string {ontology="MP"}
property_value: external_definition "The eminence in the embryo which develops into the clitoris or penis. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000583", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/genital+tubercle", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In mammalian embryos, male and female external genitalia develop from the genital tubercle.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000583", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1242/dev.036830 Seifert AW\, Yamaguchi T\, Cohn MJ\, Functional and phylogenetic analysis shows that Fgf8 is a marker of genital induction in mammals but is not required for external genital development. Development (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011757 ! differentiated genital tubercle
name: differentiated genital tubercle
def: "." [Wikipedia:Primordial_phallus]
synonym: "phallus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primordial_phallus]
synonym: "primordial phallus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primordial_phallus]
synonym: "phallus primordialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Primordial_phallus]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004176 ! external genitalia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005876 ! genital tubercle
xref: ncithesaurus:Primordial_Phallus ! primordial phallus
xref: UMLS:C1514448

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006233
name: female genital tubercle
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "genital tubercle of female" EXACT [EMAPA:18680]
xref: EMAPA:18680 ! genital tubercle of female
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000500 ! female genital tubercle
xref: VHOG:0000666 ! female genital tubercle
xref: EHDAA:8118 ! genital tubercle of female
intersection_of: UBERON:0011757 ! differentiated genital tubercle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
def: "A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a female reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005056 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! external female genitalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006261
name: male genital tubercle
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "genital tubercle of male" EXACT [EMAPA:17969]
xref: EMAPA:17969 ! genital tubercle of male
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001048 ! male genital tubercle
xref: VHOG:0000667 ! male genital tubercle
xref: EHDAA:8138 ! genital tubercle of male
intersection_of: UBERON:0011757 ! differentiated genital tubercle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
def: "A differentiated genital tubercle that is part of a male reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004053 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! external male genitalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011754
name: genital swelling
def: "Paired structures in the human embryo that represent the final stage of development of the caudal end of the external genitals before sexual differentiation. In both males and females the two swellings merge: in the female, they become the posterior labial commissure; In the male, they become the scrotum" [Wikipedia:Labioscrotal_swelling]
comment: Editor notes: todo - add parthood relationships to tubercles
synonym: "labioscrotal swelling" EXACT []
synonym: "tuberculum labioscrotale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Labioscrotal_swelling]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005876 ! undifferentiated genital tubercle
xref: VHOG:0000976 ! labial swelling

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011755
name: female labial swelling
intersection_of: UBERON:0011754 ! genital swelling
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006233 ! female genital tubercle
synonym: "labial swelling" BROAD [EMAPA:18329]
xref: EHDAA2:0000501 ! female labial swelling
xref: EHDAA:9363 ! labial swelling
xref: EMAPA:18329 ! labial swelling
xref: EMAPA:30423 ! labioscrotal swelling of female
synonym: "labioscrotal swelling of female" EXACT [EMAPA:30423]
def: "A genital swelling that is part of a female reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011756
name: male genital swelling
intersection_of: UBERON:0011754 ! genital swelling
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003135 ! male reproductive organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006261 ! male genital tubercle
synonym: "labioscrotal swelling of male" EXACT [EMAPA:30509]
xref: EHDAA2:0001049 ! male genital swelling
def: "A genital swelling that is part of a male reproductive organ." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005792
name: nephric ridge
def: "Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. " [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter27/custom2/deluxe-content.html]
comment: TODO - check ridge vs cord vs nephrogenic cord vs blastema
synonym: "nephric cord" RELATED [VHOG:0001240]
xref: EMAPA:16368 ! nephric cord
xref: VHOG:0001240 ! nephric cord
xref: EHDAA2:0001242 ! nephric cord
xref: EHDAA:1015 ! nephric cord
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004122 ! genitourinary system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004875 ! nephrogenic cord
name: nephrogenic cord
def: "a portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nephrogenic_cord]
comment: part_of or develops_from urogenital ridge?
xref: FMA:72168 ! nephrogenic cord
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004876 ! urogenital ridge
xref: ncithesaurus:Nephrogenic_Cord ! Nephrogenic Cord
xref: SCTID:361405003 ! Nephrogenic cord
synonym: "chorda nephrogenica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nephrogenic_cord]
xref: UMLS:C1283944

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005753 ! caudal part of nephrogenic cord
name: caudal part of nephrogenic cord
def: "the metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm." [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
synonym: "rear portion of nephrogenic cord" EXACT [Wikipedia:Metanephros#Metanephros]
synonym: "rear part of nephrogenic cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caudal portion of nephrogenic cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caudal region of nephrogenic cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004875 ! nephrogenic cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005754 ! rostral part of nephrogenic cord
name: rostral part of nephrogenic cord
def: "The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros." [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004875 ! nephrogenic cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004876
name: urogenital ridge
def: "One of  of the pair of folds derived from the cloacal folds which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia; in male embryos they close over the urethral plate and fuse to form the spongy (penile) urethra and ventral aspect of the penis, not including the glans; failure of fusion of the urethral folds leads to hypospadias; in female embryos they fuse only anterior to the anus and form the labia minora[MP]." [Wikipedia:Urogenital_folds, MP:anna, MP:0011835]
comment: Less commonly, urogenital fold refers to the fold in the mesonephros which is the precursor of e.g. the suspensory ligament of the ovary. This is the case in older versions of Gray's anatomy[WP]
synonym: "urogenital fold" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004022]
synonym: "urethral fold" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001402 ! urogenital ridge
xref: EMAPA:30888 ! urethral fold of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:30899 ! urethral fold of urethra of urogenital sinus of urinary system
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009196 {source="EHDAA2"} ! indifferent external genitalia
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0004176 ! external genitalia
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intermediate mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0012292 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryonic cloacal fold
xref: ncithesaurus:Urogenital_Ridge ! Urogenital Ridge
xref: EHDAA2:0004022 ! urogenital fold
xref: SCTID:308801004 ! Entire urogenital ridge
xref: UMLS:C0231047

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005294 ! genital ridge
name: genital ridge
def: "The precursor to the gonads." [Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge]
comment: TODO - check developmental relationships. merge with urogenital ridge?
synonym: "gonadal ridge" EXACT [Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge]
xref: XAO:0000018 ! genital ridge
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray1106.png/200px-Gray1106.png
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004876 ! urogenital ridge
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004122 ! genitourinary system
xref: ncithesaurus:Gonadal_Ridge ! Gonadal Ridge
xref: AAO:0011047 ! genital ridge
xref: EHDAA2:0004044 ! gonadal ridge
xref: SCTID:361399001 ! Entire genital ridge
synonym: "crista gonadalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray1106.png
xref: EFO:0001414 ! embryonic gonadal ridge
xref: UMLS:C1512243

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012292
name: embryonic cloacal fold
def: "One of the pair of mesenchymal swellings (folds) located on either side of the cloacal membrane during the indifferent stage of embryonic development; cranial to the cloacal membrane the folds unite to form the genital tubercle; caudally the folds are subdivided into urogenital folds anteriorly and anal folds posteriorly" [MP:anna, MP:0011836]
comment: We presume this is distinct from AAO:0001003, an external integumentary structure - check with amphibian anatomy ontology developers. AO notes: the text def states mesenchymal swelling, EHDAA2 splits into mesenchymal and epithelial parts
synonym: "cloacal fold" BROAD [EHDAA2:0004009]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012469 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external anal region
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0006217 ! cloacal membrane
xref: EHDAA2:0004009 ! cloacal fold

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012293
name: anal fold
def: "a slight elevation flanking the cloacal membrane and derived from a cloacal fold; anal folds form the border of the anus." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anal+fold]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0012292 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryonic cloacal fold
xref: EHDAA2:0004012 ! anal fold

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013244
name: vaginal plate
def: "The vaginal plate is a precursor to the inferior portion of the vagina. They form from sinovaginal bulbs." [Wikipedia:Vaginal_plate]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013245 ! sinovaginal bulb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000164 ! primitive urogenital sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Vaginal_Plate ! vaginal plate
xref: UMLS:C1519928

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013245 ! sinovaginal bulb
name: sinovaginal bulb
def: "solid evaginations of the UG sinus that develops into a vaginal plate that which will will eventually canalize to form the inferior portion of the vagina." [UBERON:cjm]
xref: ncithesaurus:Sinovaginal_Bulb ! sinovaginal bulb
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000164 ! primitive urogenital sinus
xref: UMLS:C1519330

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003086
name: caudal artery
def: "Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>" [Wikipedia:Caudal_artery, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "CA" RELATED []
xref: VHOG:0000123 ! caudal artery
xref: TAO:0000011 ! caudal artery
xref: XAO:0000364 ! caudal artery
xref: ZFA:0000011 ! caudal artery
xref: EFO:0003472 ! caudal artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: AAO:0011023 ! caudal artery
property_value: external_definition "The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011023", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-226-55763-4"}
property_value: external_definition "Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000011", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000011", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003088
name: caudal vein
def: "Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterial cardinal vein in the posterior trunk. Kimmel et al, 1995.[ZFIN]" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "CV" RELATED []
xref: VHOG:0000126 ! caudal vein
xref: TAO:0000180 ! caudal vein
xref: XAO:0000390 ! caudal vein
xref: ZFA:0000180 ! caudal vein
xref: EFO:0003616 ! posterior caudal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: AAO:0011025 ! caudal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Caudal_Vein ! caudal vein
property_value: external_definition "Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterial cardinal vein in the posterior trunk. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000180", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from caudal vein plexus (TAO:0001286)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000180", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000180", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: external_definition "Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterior cardinal vein in the posterior trunk[XB:curator]." xsd:string {source="XB:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003481
name: tail vein
def: "A vein that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Tail_vein]
comment: Editors note: see also caudal vein
synonym: "post-vent region vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caudal vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tail_vein]
xref: MA:0002233 ! tail vein
xref: XAO:0000393 ! tail vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail
xref: AAO:0011105 ! tail vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010204
name: tail vasculature
comment: AO notes: isa blood vessel in XAO
synonym: "tail vasculature" RELATED  [ZFA:0005037]
synonym: "post-vent vasculature" EXACT [ZFA:0005037]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail
xref: ZFA:0005037 ! post-vent vasculature
xref: XAO:0004151 ! tail vasculature
xref: TAO:0005037 ! tail vasculature
def: "A vasculature that is part of a post-anal tail." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003090
name: supraorbital lateral line
def: "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "supraorbital line" EXACT [ZFA:0000443]
xref: VHOG:0000128 ! supraorbital lateral line
xref: TAO:0000443 ! supraorbital lateral line
xref: XAO:0000442 ! supraorbital lateral line
xref: ZFA:0000443 ! supraorbital lateral line
is_a: UBERON:0010202 ! lateral line
xref: AAO:0011103 ! supraorbital lateral line
property_value: external_definition "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000443", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of anterior lateral line (TAO:0001470)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000443", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: external_definition "The lateral line that is located above the eye. [Butler_AB_and_Hodos_W, Comparative_vertebrate_neuroanatomy:_Evolution_and_Adaptation_(1996)_New_York:_Wiley-Liss_Inc., p.27][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000128", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The mechanosensory lateral line system is widely distributed in aquatic anamniotes. It was apparently present in the earliest vertebrates, as it has been identified in agnathans, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, lungfishes, the crossopterygian Latimeria, and aquatic amphibians.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000128", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.195", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009722 ! entire pharyngeal arch endoderm
name: entire pharyngeal arch endoderm
synonym: "pharyngeal arch endoderm" RELATED [EHDAA2:0004621]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003929 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gut epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004621 ! pharyngeal arch endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007690 ! early pharyngeal endoderm
name: early pharyngeal endoderm
def: "." [http://dev.biologists.org/content/128/22/4573.full]
comment: relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm'
synonym: "pharyngeal region endoderm" RELATED [EHDAA2:0001456]
synonym: "pharyngeal arch endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal endoderm" RELATED [ZFA:0001104]
synonym: "early pharyngeal arch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001457]
xref: ZFA:0001104 ! pharyngeal endoderm
xref: EHDAA:962 ! endoderm
xref: EFO:0003626 ! pharyngeal endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001457 ! early pharyngeal arch endoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000925 {source="ZFA"} ! endoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000925 {source="EHDAA2"} ! endoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008814 ! pharyngeal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009722 {source="cjm"} ! entire pharyngeal arch endoderm
xref: TAO:0001104 ! pharyngeal endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003351
name: pharyngeal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "epithelial tissue of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:16708 ! epithelium of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:16551 ! epithelium of pharyngeal region
xref: ZFA:0001174 ! pharyngeal epithelium
xref: MA:0002725 ! pharynx epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001460 ! pharynx epithelium
xref: XAO:0003202 ! pharyngeal epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="ZFA", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7955"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 {source="ZFA"} ! chordate pharynx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007690 {source="ZFA"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
xref: TAO:0001174 ! pharyngeal epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. Chen et al, 2007.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001174", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003091 ! thyroid primordium
name: thyroid primordium
def: "The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus." [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview]
subset: vertebrate_core
comment: In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch[PMID:16313389]. Note that we follow EHDAA2 in dividing this into endoderm and mesenchyme. In this ontology we place the broad developmental relationship at this level, and include specific relationships to the pharyngeal endoderm at the level of the endoderm
xref: TAO:0001081 ! thyroid primordium
xref: XAO:0000444 ! thyroid primordium
xref: ZFA:0001081 ! thyroid primordium
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Primordium ! Thyroid Primordium
xref: EHDAA:952 ! thyroid primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0002033 ! thyroid primordium
xref: BTO:0004709 ! thyroid primordium
xref: EMAPA:16361 ! thyroid primordium of gland of foregut diverticulum
xref: EMAPA:16558 ! thyroid primordium of gland of foregut
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 {source="ZFA"} ! endocrine system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007123 {source="PMID:16313389", source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! pharyngeal pouch 2
xref: AAO:0011106 ! thyroid primordium
xref: UMLS:C1519512
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue part of the pharyngeal endoderm that is fated to become thyroid follicle[ZFIN:curator]." xsd:string {source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007689 ! thyroid diverticulum
name: thyroid diverticulum
def: "endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP]." [Wikipedia:Thyroid_diverticulum, MP:0004662]
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003091 ! thyroid primordium
synonym: "saccus thyroideus; diverticulum thyroideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroid_diverticulum]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003261
alt_id: UBERON:0005235
name: thyroid primordium endoderm
synonym: "endoderm of thyroid primordium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:956 ! endoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002035 ! thyroid primordium endoderm
xref: EMAPA:25357 ! endoderm of thyroid primordium of gland of foregut diverticulum
xref: EMAPA:16560 ! endoderm of thyroid primordium of gland of foregut
xref: VHOG:0001089
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003091 ! thyroid primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007690 {source="ZFA-propagated"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
def: "An endoderm that is part of a thyroid primordium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003092
name: ultimobranchial body
def: "Pharyngeal pouch derivative, usually paired cell masses located in the neck region[Kardong]. The ultimobranchial body or gland is a small organ found in the neck region of many animals. In humans, the ultimobranchial body is an embryological structure that gives rise to the calcitonin-producing cells&mdash;also called parafollicular cells or clear cells&mdash;of the thyroid gland. In humans, this body is a derivative of the ventral recess of the fourth pharyngeal pouch (or fifth) [WP,unvetted]. The ultimobranchial bodies of lower vertebrates contain large amounts of calcitonin. In mammals the bodies fuse with the thyroid gland and are thought to develop into the parafollicular cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)" [Wikipedia:Ultimopharyngeal_body, MESH:A13.939, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Developmental origins vary across species. PMID:16313389 says: the most posterior pouch generates the ultimobranchial bodies in most vertebrate classes, but mammals do not contain this structure // The neural crest is the source of ultimobranchial cells[Kardong]. WP says pouch 4, but this isn't supported by Kardong (table 13.1 or fig 15.5). EHDAA2 says 6th arch mesenchyme
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "postbranchial body" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body]
synonym: "ultimobranchial" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body]
synonym: "ultimobranchial bodies" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body]
synonym: "ultimobranchial gland" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body]
synonym: "ultimopharyngeal gland" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body]
synonym: "ultimopharyngeal body" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body]
synonym: "corpus ultimopharyngeum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ultimobranchial_body]
xref: EHDAA:2987 ! ultimobranchial body
xref: EHDAA:9139 ! ultimobranchial body
xref: GAID:1246 ! ultimobranchial body
xref: VHOG:0001185 ! ultimobranchial body
xref: TAO:0001448 ! ultimobranchial body
xref: XAO:0000452 ! ultimobranchial body
xref: ZFA:0001448 ! ultimobranchial body
xref: EHDAA2:0002103 ! ultimobranchial body
xref: MESH:A13.939 ! ultimobranchial body
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004117 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! pharyngeal pouch
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003117 {source="XAO"} ! pharyngeal arch 6
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007126 {source="Wikipedia", source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! pharyngeal pouch 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system
relationship: has_part CL:0000570 {source="Wikipedia"} ! parafollicular cell
relationship: has_part PR:000027222 {source="Wikipedia"} ! calcitonin
xref: AAO:0010547 ! ultimobranchial body
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure which includes small, calcitonin producing glands originating as epithelial growths from the sixth pharyngeal pouch.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010547", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: SCTID:345552007 ! Entire ultimobranchial gland
property_value: external_definition "The glandular tissue originating from the fifth branchial pouch which combines with the buccal cavity outgrowth to form the thyroid and contributes calcitonin-secreting cells to the gland. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001185", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ultimobranchial+body", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) ultimobranchial bodies that develop in all vertebrates from the ventral or posterior surface of the last pair of pharyngeal pouches. The ultimobranchial bodies are vestigial in most mammals (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001185", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.523", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003093
name: occipital lateral line
def: "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "supratemporal lateral line" RELATED []
xref: VHOG:0000131 ! occipital lateral line
xref: TAO:0000400 ! occipital lateral line
xref: XAO:0000458 ! occipital lateral line
xref: ZFA:0000400 ! occipital lateral line
is_a: UBERON:0010202 ! lateral line
xref: AAO:0011075 ! occipital lateral line
property_value: external_definition "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of anterior lateral line (TAO:0001470)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000400", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "The mechanosensory lateral line system is widely distributed in aquatic anamniotes. It was apparently present in the earliest vertebrates, as it has been identified in agnathans, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, lungfishes, the crossopterygian Latimeria, and aquatic amphibians.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000131", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.195", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003094
name: infraorbital lateral line
def: "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "infraorbital line" EXACT [ZFA:0000524]
xref: VHOG:0000132 ! infraorbital lateral line
xref: TAO:0000524 ! infraorbital lateral line
xref: XAO:0000459 ! infraorbital lateral line
xref: ZFA:0000524 ! infraorbital lateral line
is_a: UBERON:0010202 ! lateral line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002540 ! lateral line system
xref: AAO:0011053 ! infraorbital lateral line
property_value: external_definition "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000524", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of anterior lateral line (TAO:0001470)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000524", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: external_definition "The lateral line that is located below the eye. [Butler_AB_and_Hodos_W, Comparative_vertebrate_neuroanatomy:_Evolution_and_Adaptation_(1996)_New_York:_Wiley-Liss_Inc., p.27][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000132", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The mechanosensory lateral line system is widely distributed in aquatic anamniotes. It was apparently present in the earliest vertebrates, as it has been identified in agnathans, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, lungfishes, the crossopterygian Latimeria, and aquatic amphibians.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000132", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.195", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003095
name: dorsal lateral line
def: "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: TAO:0005112 ! dorsal lateral line
xref: XAO:0000462 ! dorsal lateral line
xref: ZFA:0005112 ! dorsal lateral line
is_a: UBERON:0010202 ! lateral line
xref: AAO:0011030 ! dorsal lateral line
xref: VHOG:0001677 ! dorsal lateral line
property_value: external_definition "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005112", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of posterior lateral line system (TAO:0001471)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005112", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "The mechanosensory lateral line system is widely distributed in aquatic anamniotes. It was apparently present in the earliest vertebrates, as it has been identified in agnathans, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, lungfishes, the crossopterygian Latimeria, and aquatic amphibians.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001677", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.195", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003096
name: middle lateral line
def: "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: VHOG:0000133 ! middle lateral line
xref: TAO:0000344 ! middle lateral line
xref: XAO:0000463 ! middle lateral line
xref: ZFA:0000344 ! middle lateral line
is_a: UBERON:0010202 ! lateral line
property_value: external_definition "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000344", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from middle lateral line primordium (TAO:0005118)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000344", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of anterior lateral line (TAO:0001470)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000344", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of middle lateral line system (TAO:0005114)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000344", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: homology_notes "The mechanosensory lateral line system is widely distributed in aquatic anamniotes. It was apparently present in the earliest vertebrates, as it has been identified in agnathans, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, lungfishes, the crossopterygian Latimeria, and aquatic amphibians.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000133", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.195", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003097
name: dorsal fin
def: "Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism." [VSAO:0000165, Wikipedia:Dorsal_fin]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001173 ! dorsal fin
xref: XAO:0000469 ! dorsal fin
xref: ZFA:0001173 ! dorsal fin
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! dorsal fin
xref: BTO:0004650 ! dorsal fin
is_a: UBERON:0008897 ! fin
relationship: in_median_plane_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003083 ! trunk neural crest
xref: AAO:0010378 ! dorsal fin
xref: VSAO:0000165 ! dorsal fin
xref: SCTID:417127006 ! Dorsal fin structure
synonym: "nageoire dorsale@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000165]
synonym: "notoptcérygie@fr" RELATED [VSAO:0000165]
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "is_a median fin[TAO]" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003083
name: trunk neural crest
def: "Trunk portion of the neural crest. The trunk neural crest lies between the vagal and sacral neural crest and gives rise to two groups of cells. One group migrates dorsolateral and populates the skin, forming pigment cells and the other migrates ventrolateral through the anterior sclerotome to become the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal gland and the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. Some cells remain in the sclerotome to form the dorsal root ganglia [Wikipedia]." [ISBN:0815318960, Wikipedia:Trunk_neural_crest]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "trunk crest" RELATED []
xref: VHOG:0000062 ! trunk neural crest
xref: TAO:0001024 ! trunk neural crest
xref: XAO:0000319 ! trunk neural crest
xref: ZFA:0001024 ! trunk neural crest
xref: EFO:0003605 ! trunk neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
relationship: has_part CL:0000011 {source="ZFA"} ! trunk neural crest cell
xref: AAO:0010582 ! trunk neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0001901 ! trunk neural crest
property_value: external_definition "Post-cranial portion of the neural crest. Exact anatomical derivations not experimentally resolved in amphibians.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010582", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000062", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003099
name: cranial neural crest
def: "The cranial neural crest arises in the anterior and populates the face and the pharyngeal arches giving rise to bones, cartilage, nerves and connective tissue [Wikipedia]." [Wikipedia:Cranial_neural_crest, ZFA:0001194, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "head crest" RELATED []
synonym: "head neural crest" RELATED []
synonym: "cephalic neural crest" RELATED [EMAPA:16091]
xref: VHOG:0000063 ! cranial neural crest
xref: TAO:0001194 ! cranial neural crest
xref: XAO:0001001 ! cranial neural crest
xref: ZFA:0001194 ! cranial neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16091 ! neural crest
xref: EFO:0003645 ! cranial neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
relationship: has_part CL:0000008 ! cranial neural crest cell
xref: AAO:0010580 ! cranial neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0004420 ! head neural crest
synonym: "crista neuralis cranialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cranial_neural_crest]
property_value: external_definition "Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010580", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001194", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000063", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007681
name: facial neural crest
def: "Cranial neural crest that is part of the facial region." [ZFA:0000875]
xref: VHOG:0001209 ! facial neural crest
xref: ZFA:0000875 ! facial neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16311 ! facial neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0003099 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003104 {source="OG"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007213 {source="EMAPA"} ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
xref: TAO:0000875 ! facial neural crest
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001209", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003100
name: female organism
def: "Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes." [CARO:0000028]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "female human body" NARROW SENSU [FMA:67812]
synonym: "female" RELATED [TAO:0000303]
xref: BILA:0000028
xref: CARO:0000028 ! female organism
xref: FBbt:00007011 ! female organism
xref: HAO:0000028 ! female organism
xref: TAO:0000303 ! female
xref: XAO:0003005 ! female organism
xref: ZFA:0000303 ! female organism
xref: FMA:67812 ! Female human body
xref: TGMA:0001839 ! female organism
is_a: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
xref: AAO:0010030 ! female organism
xref: SCTID:362608006 ! Entire female

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003101
name: male organism
def: "Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes." [CARO:0000027]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "male human body" NARROW SENSU [FMA:67811]
synonym: "male" RELATED [TAO:0000242]
xref: BILA:0000027
xref: CARO:0000027 ! male organism
xref: FBbt:00007004 ! male organism
xref: HAO:0000027 ! male organism
xref: TAO:0000242 ! male
xref: XAO:0003006 ! male organism
xref: ZFA:0000242 ! male organism
xref: FMA:67811 ! Male human body
xref: TGMA:0001838 ! male organism
xref: WBbt:0007850 ! male
is_a: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: AAO:0010033 ! male organism
xref: SCTID:362609003 ! Entire male

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003103
name: compound organ
def: "Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types." [CARO:0000024]
subset: upper_level
synonym: "organ" RELATED []
xref: BILA:0000024
xref: CARO:0000024 ! compound organ
xref: HAO:0000024 ! compound organ
xref: TAO:0000496 ! compound organ
xref: XAO:0003041 ! compound organ
xref: ZFA:0000496 ! compound organ
xref: EHDAA2:0003024 ! compound organ
xref: AEO:0000024 ! compound organ
xref: TGMA:0001837 ! compound organ
xref: TADS:0000598  ! compound organ
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
xref: AAO:0010015 ! compound organ
subset: organ_slim
xref: VHOG:0001723 ! compound organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009142 ! entire mesenchyme
name: entire mesenchyme
comment: consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm)
alt_id: UBERON:0003313
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000926 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0001113 ! mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16097 ! mesenchyme of embryo
xref: EHDAA:177 ! mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003104
name: mesenchyme
def: "Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]." [BTO:0001393, Wikipedia:Mesenchyme, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Editors notes: the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mesenchymal tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "mesenchyme tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of mesenchymal tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "portion of mesenchyme tissue" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001393
xref: VHOG:0000170 ! mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0000393 ! mesenchyme
xref: XAO:0003046 ! mesenchyme
xref: ZFA:0000393 ! mesenchyme
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesenchyme ! Mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0003145 ! mesenchymal tissue
xref: AEO:0000145 ! mesenchymal tissue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mesenchymal_Stem_Cell.jpg/200px-Mesenchymal_Stem_Cell.jpg
xref: EV:0100007 ! mesenchyma
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009142 ! whole mesenchyme
xref: AAO:0010427 ! mesenchyme
synonym: "mesenchyma" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mesenchyme]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Mesenchymal_Stem_Cell.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010427", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000393", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mesenchymal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0162415

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011585
name: cell condensation
def: "Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995)." [VSAO:0000006]
comment: Editor notes: consider obsoleting, coordinate with VSAO
is_a: UBERON:0000061 {source="VSAO"} ! anatomical structure
xref: VSAO:0000006 ! cell condensation
xref: XAO:0004021 ! cell condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005856
name: developing mesenchymal condensation
def: "A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme." [AEO:0000148]
synonym: "mesenchyme condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:25351]
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 ! mesenchymal condensation
xref: EMAPA:25351 ! mesenchyme condensation
xref: EHDAA:8979 ! mesenchymal condensation
xref: AEO:0000148  ! developing mesenchymal condensation
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="AEO"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
is_a: UBERON:0011585 {source="cjm"} ! cell condensation
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000335 {source="AEO-modified-relation"} ! mesenchyme condensation cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005863
name: cartilaginous condensation
def: "Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes." [GO:curator]
comment: AO notes: isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO
synonym: "cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:25353]
synonym: "cartilagenous condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003147]
synonym: "chondrogenic condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "chondrogenic condensation" EXACT [VSAO:0000092]
xref: EHDAA2:0003147 ! cartilagenous condensation
xref: EMAPA:25353 ! cartilage condensation
xref: AEO:0000147 ! cartilagenous condensation
xref: VSAO:0000092 ! chondrogenic condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005856 {source="AEO"} ! developing mesenchymal condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004288 {source="AEO"} ! skeleton
xref: XAO:0004022 ! chondrogenic condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005865
alt_id: UBERON:0008714 ! pre-muscle mass
name: pre-muscle condensation
synonym: "pre muscle mass" EXACT []
synonym: "premuscle mass" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003149 ! pre-muscle condensation
xref: AEO:0000149 ! pre-muscle condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005856 ! developing mesenchymal condensation
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CL:0000680 ! muscle precursor cell ! muscle precursor cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000680 {source="AEO"} ! muscle precursor cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
name: pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage." [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/precartilage]
synonym: "precartilage condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "precartilagenous condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "pre-chondrogenic condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "prechondrogenic condensation" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0003150 ! pre-cartilage condensation
xref: AEO:0000150 ! pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005856 {source="AEO"} ! developing mesenchymal condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004288 {source="AEO"} ! skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003105
name: dorsal lateral plate region
def: "Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo. // Region where blood progenitor markers are expressed. Probable site of definitive hematopoiesis between 36hpf and 4dpf." [PMID:9618755, ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "AGM" RELATED []
synonym: "AGM region" RELATED []
synonym: "aorta gonad mesonephros region" RELATED []
synonym: "aorta-gonads-mesonephros region" RELATED []
synonym: "DLP" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral wall of dorsal aorta" EXACT []
synonym: "DA roof" RELATED [ZFA:0005028]
synonym: "DA-PCV joint " EXACT [ZFA:0005028]
synonym: "dorsal aorta - posterior cardinal vein joint" EXACT [ZFA:0005028]
synonym: "DP joint" EXACT [ZFA:0005028]
xref: TAO:0005028 ! ventral wall of dorsal aorta
xref: XAO:0003051 ! dorsal lateral plate region
xref: ZFA:0005028 ! ventral wall of dorsal aorta
xref: EFO:0003699 ! ventral wall of dorsal aorta
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011008 ! dorsal lateral plate region
property_value: external_definition "Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011008", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Region where blood progenitor markers are expressed.   Probable site of definitive hematopoiesis between 36hpf and 4dpf.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005028", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012429
name: hemopoietic tissue
def: "Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. Also known as hemopoietic tissue" [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/hematopoietic+tissue]
comment: Bone marrow in humans, kidney interstitium in Danio, within a stroma of reticuloendothelial tissue
synonym: "haemopoietic tissue" EXACT  [FMA:14073]
synonym: "hematopoietic tissue" EXACT  [FMA:14073]
synonym: "textus haemopoieticus" EXACT  [FMA:14073]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: site_of GO:0030097 ! hemopoiesis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002371 {source="FMA", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! bone marrow
xref: FMA:14073 ! hemopoietic tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Hematopoietic_Tissue ! hematopoietic tissue
xref: UMLS:C0229619
xref: CALOHA:TS-2142 ! Hematopoietic tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003111
name: sphenoid region
def: "Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and sidewalls of the middle part of the cranium." [TAO:0000290, UBERONREF:0000007]
xref: XAO:0003174 ! sphenoid region
xref: ZFA:0000290 ! sphenoid region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
xref: AAO:0010207 ! sphenoid region
xref: TAO:0000290 ! sphenoid region
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and sidewalls of the middle part of the neurocranium.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010207", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003112
name: olfactory region
def: "Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ." [TAO:0000351]
synonym: "ethmoid region" RELATED [ZFA:0000351]
xref: TAO:0000351 ! olfactory region
xref: XAO:0003172 ! olfactory region
xref: ZFA:0000351 ! olfactory region
xref: EFO:0003525 ! olfactory region
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
xref: AAO:0010206 ! olfactory region
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Region ! olfactory region
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010206", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the peripheral olfactory organ.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000351", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:MAH"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011595 ! jaw region
name: jaw region
comment: there are two jaw regions: the upper and lower. Each jaw region can be subdivided into left and right halves
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
property_value: seeAlso "http://eol.org/collections/11578" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001708
name: jaw skeleton
def: "Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Jaw]
comment: TODO: move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). Editor notes: in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates. Development notes: There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983). 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "jaws" RELATED []
synonym: "jaw" EXACT [MA:0001905]
synonym: "mandibular arch" RELATED [TAO:0001227]
synonym: "oral jaw skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "visceral arch 1" RELATED []
synonym: "anterior splanchnocranium" RELATED []
synonym: "mandibular arch skeleton" EXACT [ZFA:0001227]
synonym: "jaw cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001227]
xref: FMA:54396 ! Jaw
xref: GAID:214 ! jaw
xref: galen:Jaw
xref: MA:0001905 ! jaw
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Jaw ! Jaw
xref: BTO:0001749 ! jaw
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! jaw
xref: TAO:0001227 ! mandibular arch
xref: ZFA:0001227 ! mandibular arch skeleton
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502 ! jaw
xref: AAO:0000988 ! jaws
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011595 ! jaw region
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0008895 ! splanchnocranium
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 ! Gnathostomata
relationship: capable_of MBO:0000073 ! mastication
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
xref: SCTID:181811001 ! Entire jaw region
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001227", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0022359

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001709
name: upper jaw region
def: "Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]." [Wikipedia:Upper_jaw]
comment: AO notes: Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA. See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head. See also 
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal mandibular arch" RELATED []
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "upper pharyngeal jaws" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal arch 1" RELATED INCONSISTENT []
synonym: "maxillary part of mouth" EXACT [FMA:59399]
xref: VHOG:0000454 ! upper jaw
xref: AAO:0000620 ! upper_jaw
xref: EHDAA:8025 ! upper jaw
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw ! Upper Jaw
xref: EHDAA2:0004607 ! upper jaw region
xref: EHDAA2:0002118 ! upper jaw
xref: EMAPA:17924 ! upper jaw
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray189.png/200px-Gray189.png
is_a: UBERON:0011595 ! jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004089 ! midface
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
property_value: external_definition "Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000620", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: SCTID:362636001 ! Upper jaw region
property_value: homology_notes "Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000454", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003277
name: skeleton of upper jaw
def: "A subdivision of skeleton that is part of the upper jaw region[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "upper jaw" BROAD [MA:0001908]
xref: FMA:54397 ! Upper jaw
xref: EHDAA:8041 ! skeleton
xref: VHOG:0000429 ! upper jaw skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0002128 ! upper jaw skeleton
xref: AAO:0000622 ! upper jaw skeleton
xref: EMAPA:17927 ! skeleton of upper jaw
xref: FMA:59399 ! maxillary part of mouth
xref: MA:0001908 ! upper jaw
xref: XAO:0003087 ! upper jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw skeleton
property_value: homology_notes "The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000429", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004752
name: palatoquadrate cartilage
def: "the dorsal component of the mandibular arch" [Wikipedia:Palatoquadrate]
synonym: "dorsal mandibular cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001399]
synonym: "pterygoquadrate" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ZFA:0001399]
synonym: "quadrate cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001399]
synonym: "palatoquadrate" EXACT [AAO:0000379]
xref: AAO:0000379 ! palatoquadrate
xref: ZFA:0001399 ! palatoquadrate cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011085 {source="ZFA"} ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 {source="AAO"} ! suspensorium
xref: TAO:0001399 ! palatoquadrate cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Column of catilage, remnant in the adult of the larval palatoquadrate cartilage, that is located lateral or antero-lateral to the auditory capsule.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000379", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011085
name: palatoquadrate arch
def: "The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw[ZFIN,VHOG]." [VHOG:0000511, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/153]
synonym: "dorsal mandibular arch" RELATED  [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "dorsal visceral arch 1" RELATED  [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal arch 1" RELATED  [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch" RELATED  [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "upper jaw" RELATED  [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "upper pharyngeal jaw" RELATED  [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "dorsal visceral arch 1" EXACT [ZFA:0001272]
synonym: "upper pharyngeal jaw" EXACT [ZFA:0001272]
is_a: UBERON:0010912 {source="cjm"} ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 {modified_from="VHOG", notes="consider making more specific"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="VHOG"} ! splanchocranium
xref: TAO:0001272 ! palatoquadrate arch
xref: ZFA:0001272 ! palatoquadrate arch
xref: EFO:0003659 ! palatoquadrate arch
xref: VHOG:0000511 ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 (also: UBERON:0007238 '1st arch maxillary component')
property_value: homology_notes "Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000511", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003107
name: Meckel's cartilage
def: "Meckel's cartilage is the bilaterally paired, rod-like, cartilaginous ventral component of the lower jar, or ventral mandibular arch. It is typically resorbed in adults." [PMID:3693112, Wikipedia:Meckel's_cartilage]
comment: Taxon notes: functional lower jaw of Elasmobranchii and Holocephali, the embryonic lower jaw of other gnathostomous vertebrates[http://www.briancoad.com]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cartilago arcus pharyngei primi" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "Meckels cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "primary mandinle" EXACT [http://www.briancoad.com]
synonym: "ventral mandibular cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001205]
xref: AAO:0000289 ! Meckel's_cartilage
xref: EHDAA:7997 ! Meckel's cartilage
xref: VHOG:0000249 ! Meckel's cartilage
xref: MA:0001580 ! meckel's cartilage
xref: TAO:0001205 ! Meckel's cartilage
xref: XAO:0003085 ! Meckel's cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001205 ! Meckel's cartilage
xref: EHDAA2:0001072 ! Meckel's cartilage
xref: EMAPA:17635 ! Meckel's cartilage of mandibular process
xref: EMAPA:17907 ! Meckel's cartilage of lower jaw
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="VHOG"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006263 ! Meckel's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:308773009 ! Entire Meckel's cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Paired, rod-shaped elements that extend the length of the mandible and lie between the dentaries and the angulosplenials. Can be reduced to various extent in adults.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000289", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is the cartilaginous embryonic component of the lower jaw, or ventral mandibular arch. It develops into the endochondral articular and retroarticular bones. Meckel's cartilage is paired.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001205", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "In all jawed vertebrates, including fish, the first pharyngeal arch generates the jaw apparatus. The neural crest cells of this arch migrate to form Meckel's cartilage, the precursor of the jaw.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000249", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.16-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011770
name: mentomeckelian
def: "Paired, cylindrical, and small bones of endochondral origin that lie anteromedial to the anterior end of Meckel's cartilage. The precursors of the mentomeckelian bones are the larval infrarostral cartilages." [AAO:0000301]
synonym: "Pars mentalis" RELATED  [AAO:0000301]
synonym: "dentale" RELATED  [AAO:0000301]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="AAO"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
xref: AAO:0000301 ! mentomeckelian

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003108
name: suspensorium
def: "(1) the arrangement of bones which supports the jaw from the braincase; (2) in teleost fish, a large, usually triangular, bone which supports the jaw. The teleost suspensorium is formed by fusion of various elements which vary among different taxa." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossarySq.html]
comment: Editor notes: requires review, possible split; TAO/ZFA structure is splanchoncranium (but includes some dermal bones as parts). Note AAO also includes 'palatoquadrate and suspensorium' as a class
synonym: "hyopalatine" EXACT  [TAO:0000444]
synonym: "suspensoria" EXACT  [TAO:0000444]
synonym: "mandibular suspensorium" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000596 ! suspensorium
xref: TAO:0000444 ! suspensorium
xref: XAO:0003086 ! suspensorium
xref: ZFA:0000444 ! suspensorium
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="ZFA"} ! splanchnocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002397
name: maxilla
def: "The bone which normally forms the lateral upper jaw in osteichthyans, including tetrapods." [Wikipedia:Maxilla, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryM.html]
comment: Fusion of maxilla + premaxilla
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "maxillae" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "upper jaw bone" BROAD []
synonym: "maxillary bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Maxilla]
xref: AAO:0000285 ! maxilla
xref: EHDAA:8043 ! maxilla
xref: FMA:9711 ! Maxilla
xref: GAID:220 ! maxilla
xref: VHOG:0001021 ! maxilla
xref: MA:0001491 ! maxilla
xref: TAO:0000270 ! maxilla
xref: ZFA:0000270 ! maxilla
xref: ncithesaurus:Maxilla ! Maxilla
xref: galen:Maxilla ! maxilla
xref: EHDAA2:0001068 ! maxilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray189.png/200px-Gray189.png
xref: EMAPA:17639 ! maxilla of skeleton of maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:17928 ! maxilla of skeleton of upper jaw
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.645 ! maxilla
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="VSAO"} ! dermal bone
is_a: UBERON:0008193 {source="FMA"} ! pneumatized bone
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010334 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 {source="VHOG"} ! skeleton of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="facial series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0011156 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! facial skeleton
xref: SCTID:181813003 ! Entire maxilla
xref: VSAO:0000207 ! maxilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png
property_value: external_definition "Paired, intramembranous bone located on the lateral sides of the skull, posterior to the premaxillae.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000285", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that forms part of the upper jaw, located antero-ventral to the premaxilla. The maxilla is a paired bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000270", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-maxillary joint (TAO:0001942)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000270", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps premaxillary-maxillary joint (TAO:0002260)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000270", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: external_comment "In some teleosts, the maxilla is located postero-ventral to the supramaxilla. Commonly, the articular process of the maxilla articulates with the autopalatine and ethmoidal region antero-medially. The maxilla is usually the largest bone in the upper jaw assemblage.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000270", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "maxillary" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0024947

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001710
name: lower jaw region
def: "Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]." [Wikipedia:Lower_jaw]
comment: AO notes: Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA. See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mandibular series" RELATED []
synonym: "mandibular part of mouth" EXACT [FMA:59398]
xref: FMA:59398 ! mandibular part of mouth
xref: EHDAA:7995 ! lower jaw
xref: VHOG:0000453 ! lower jaw
xref: AAO:0000272 ! lower_jaw
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw ! Lower Jaw
xref: EHDAA2:0001018 ! lower jaw region
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray176.png/200px-Gray176.png
xref: EMAPA:17906 ! lower jaw
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.632 ! mandible (also: UBERON:0001684 'mandible')
xref: EFO:0003660 ! ventral mandibular arch
is_a: UBERON:0011595 ! jaw region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005867 {source="Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence"} ! mandibular prominence
property_value: external_definition "Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000272", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: SCTID:362637005 ! Entire lower jaw region
property_value: homology_notes "Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000453", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003278
name: skeleton of lower jaw
def: "A subdivision of skeleton that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: in EHDAA2, this does not include the mandible; it includes the teeth and Meckel's cartilage
synonym: "lower jaw skeleton" EXACT [AAO:0000274]
synonym: "lower jaw" BROAD [MA:0001906]
synonym: "lower jaw" BROAD [ZFA:0001273]
synonym: "mandible" BROAD [ZFA:0001273]
synonym: "mandibular series" RELATED  [ZFA:0001273]
xref: EHDAA:8005 ! skeleton
xref: VHOG:0000428 ! lower jaw skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0004606 ! lower jaw skeleton
xref: AAO:0000274 ! lower jaw skeleton
xref: EMAPA:17910 ! skeleton of lower jaw
xref: FMA:54398 ! Lower jaw
xref: MA:0001906 ! lower jaw
xref: TAO:0001273 ! ventral mandibular arch
xref: XAO:0003084 ! lower jaw
xref: ZFA:0001273 ! ventral mandibular arch
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lower jaw region
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0008895 {source="VHOG-modified"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 {source="EHDAA2"} ! facial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw skeleton
property_value: external_definition "The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001273", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass anatomical cluster (CARO:0000041) CHANGED TO: develops_from anatomical cluster (UBERON:0000477)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001273", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass anatomical cluster (CARO:0000041) CHANGED TO: overlaps anatomical cluster (UBERON:0000477)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001273", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass anatomical cluster (CARO:0000041) CHANGED TO: part_of anatomical cluster (UBERON:0000477)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001273", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass anatomical cluster (CARO:0000041) CHANGED TO: subdivision_of anatomical cluster (UBERON:0000477)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001273", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "mandibles" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0001273]
property_value: homology_notes "The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000428", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.241 and p.101", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004742
name: dentary
def: "The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]." [VHOG:0001022]
comment: Taxon notes: In lobe-finned fishes and the early fossil tetrapods, the bone homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower jaw. In such animals, it is referred to as the dentary bone, and forms the body of the outer surface of the jaw. It is bordered below by a number of splenial bones, while the angle of the jaw is formed by a lower angular bone and a suprangular bone just above it. The inner surface of the jaw is lined by a prearticular bone, while the articular bone forms the articulation with the skull proper. Finally a set of three narrow coronoid bones lie above the prearticular bone. As the name implies, the majority of the teeth are attached to the dentary, but there are commonly also teeth on the coronoid bones, and sometimes on the prearticular as well. This complex primitive pattern has, however, been simplified to various degrees in the great majority of vertebrates, as bones have either fused or vanished entirely. In teleosts, only the dentary, articular, and angular bones remain, while in living amphibians, the dentary is accompanied only by the prearticular, and, in salamanders, one of the coronoids. The lower jaw of reptiles has only a single coronoid and splenial, but retains all the other primitive bones except the prearticular. 
synonym: "dentary bone" EXACT [ZFA:0000191]
synonym: "dentale" RELATED [AAO:0000124]
synonym: "os dentale" RELATED [AAO:0000124]
synonym: "sur-angulaire" RELATED [AAO:0000124]
xref: AAO:0000124 ! dentary
xref: ZFA:0000191 ! dentary
xref: VHOG:0001022 ! dentary
xref: EFO:0003508 ! dentary
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="ZFA"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="ZFA", source="Kardong", notes="mandibular series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="VHOG"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010336 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003324 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! mesenchyme of lower jaw
xref: TAO:0000191 ! dentary
property_value: external_definition "Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of Meckel's cartilage thereby forming the lateral side of the mandible in anurans and salamanders (Duellman & Trueb, 1994:293). In caecilians, the dentary is part of a compound bone termed the pseudodentary.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000124", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Dentary1.gif
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that is usually the anteriormost bone of the lower jaw, and that articulates with the angular, or anguloarticular bone, posteriorly, and carries part of the mandibular sensory canal and pore openings of the mandibular sensory canal on its lateral surface. The dentary is a paired bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000191", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps dentary-anguloarticular joint (TAO:0001749)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000191", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "dentaries" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0000191]
property_value: external_definition "The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians. In mammals the lower jaw consists entirely of the dentary bone. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, ZFA:0000191_and_Liem_KF, p.248][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001022", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Of all these bones [dentary, splenials, coronoids, angular, surangular and prearticular], only the dentary remains in the lower jaw of a mammal.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001022", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.248", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001684
name: mandible
def: "A dentary bone that is the only bone in one of the lateral halves of the lower jaw skeleton." [Wikipedia:Mandible, Wikipedia:Human_mandible]
comment: Editor notes: consider merging with dentary - for now we make it a mammal-specific subclass. Terminology notes: 'mandible' also refers to either the upper OR lower part of the beak in birds. AO notes: Note in ZFA 'mandible' is a syn for the ventral mandibular arch, which is a portion of the 1st pharyngeal arch; however the term 'mandibular symphysis' refers to the dentary
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior maxillary bone" EXACT []
synonym: "lower jaw bone" BROAD SENSU []
synonym: "lower jaw" BROAD SENSU []
synonym: "mammaliam mandible" EXACT []
synonym: "mandibulla" EXACT []
synonym: "lower mandibula" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Mandible]
synonym: "mandibula" RELATED [BTO:0001748]
synonym: "mandibular series" RELATED  [ZFA:0001273]
xref: EHDAA:8007 ! mandible
xref: FMA:52748 ! Mandible
xref: GAID:68 ! mandible
xref: MA:0001487 ! mandible
xref: ncithesaurus:Mandible
xref: BTO:0001748 ! mandible
xref: EFO:0001965 ! mandible
xref: galen:Mandible ! mandible
xref: EHDAA2:0001059 ! mandible
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray176.png/200px-Gray176.png
xref: EMAPA:18290 ! mandible
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.632 ! mandible (also: UBERON:0001710 'lower jaw region')
is_a: UBERON:0004742 ! dentary
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intramembranous bone
xref: SCTID:181812008 ! Entire mandible
synonym: "mandibula" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Human_mandible]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mandibular" xsd:string
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png
xref: UMLS:C0024687

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006606
name: mandibular symphysis
def: "A cartilaginous joint that connects left and right mandibles/dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired[TAO,modified]." [TAO:wd, ZFA:0005488, Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti]
comment: Taxon notes: in snakes, the mandibular symphysis is composed of soft tissues, allowing independent movement of each mandible[Kardong] Editor notes: this is placed as part of lower jaw region, as in this ontology the skeleton does not include joints
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mental symphysis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti]
synonym: "symphysis menti" EXACT [MA:0001490]
xref: AAO:0000277 ! mandibular symphysis
xref: ZFA:0005488 ! mandibular symphysis
xref: FMA:75779 ! Mandibular symphysis
xref: MA:0001490 ! symphysis menti
is_a: UBERON:0002216 {source="FMA"} ! symphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004742 {cardinality="2"} ! dentary
relationship: connects UBERON:0004742 {notes="connects adjacent mandibles"} ! dentary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
xref: TAO:0001851 ! mandibular symphysis
synonym: "symphysis mandibulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png
property_value: external_definition "Joint that articulates the left and right dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001851", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "dentary symphysis" EXACT [TAO:0001851]
synonym: "inter-dentary joint" EXACT [TAO:0001851]
synonym: "inter-mandibular joint" EXACT [TAO:0001851]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004362
name: pharyngeal arch 1
def: "First of six branchial arches that develops in fetal life during the fourth week of development.[1] It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove." [Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mandibular arch" EXACT []
synonym: "first pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
synonym: "1st pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
synonym: "branchial arch 1" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "visceral arch 1" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "first visceral arch" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "first branchial arch" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "first branchial arch" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "1st arch" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000006]
xref: ZFA:0001612 ! pharyngeal arch 1
xref: XAO:0000097 ! mandibular arch
xref: ncithesaurus:First_Pharyngeal_Arch ! First Pharyngeal Arch
xref: VHOG:0000296 ! first pharyngeal arch
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray48.png/200px-Gray48.png
xref: EHDAA2:0000006 ! 1st arch
xref: EMAPA:16118 ! 1st arch
xref: EHDAA:573 ! 1st arch
is_a: UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: AAO:0010364 ! mandibular arch
xref: SCTID:308767008 ! Entire first branchial arch
xref: TAO:0001595 ! pharyngeal arch 1
synonym: "arcus pharyngeus primus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray48.png
property_value: external_definition "The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010364", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:EJS"}
property_value: pharyngeal_arch_number "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "1st visceral arch" RELATED [VHOG:0000296]
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000296", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M and Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1517197

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007237 ! 1st arch mandibular component
name: 1st arch mandibular component
comment: Editors note: relationship to Meckel's cartilage to be added
xref: EHDAA2:0000031 ! 1st arch mandibular component
xref: EHDAA:583 ! mandibular component
xref: EMAPA:16382 ! mandibular component
xref: VHOG:0000510 ! ventral pharyngeal arch 1
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004362 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal arch 1" EXACT [VHOG:0000510]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch" RELATED [VHOG:0000510]
synonym: "ventral visceral arch 1" RELATED [VHOG:0000510]
property_value: homology_notes "Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000510", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007238 ! 1st arch maxillary component
name: 1st arch maxillary component
comment: Editors note: relationship to palatoquadrate to be added
xref: EHDAA2:0000038 ! 1st arch maxillary component
xref: EHDAA:595 ! maxillary component
xref: EMAPA:16388 ! maxillary component 
xref: VHOG:0000511 ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 (also: UBERON:0011085 'dorsal pharyngeal arch 1')
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004362 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
property_value: homology_notes "Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000511", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003066
name: pharyngeal arch 2
def: "assists in forming the side and front of the neck." [Wikipedia:Second_pharyngeal_arch]
comment: In XAO, develops from visceral pouch 2
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 2" EXACT []
synonym: "branchial arch 2" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "visceral arch 2" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "second pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
synonym: "branchial arch 2" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "visceral arch 2" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "second visceral arch" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "second branchial arch" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "second branchial arch" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "hyoid bars" RELATED []
synonym: "2nd arch" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000050]
synonym: "hyoid arch" EXACT [XAO:0000098]
synonym: "arcus pharyngeus secundus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Second_pharyngeal_arch]
xref: ZFA:0001611 ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: XAO:0000098 ! hyoid arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Second_Pharyngeal_Arch ! Second Pharyngeal Arch
xref: VHOG:0000297 ! second pharyngeal arch
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray41.png/200px-Gray41.png
xref: EHDAA2:0000050 ! 2nd arch
xref: EMAPA:16272 ! 2nd arch
xref: EHDAA:611 ! 2nd arch
is_a: UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: AAO:0010363 ! hyoid arch
xref: SCTID:308768003 ! Entire second branchial arch
xref: TAO:0001596 ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray41.png
property_value: external_definition "The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010363", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:EJS"}
property_value: pharyngeal_arch_number "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "2nd visceral arch" RELATED [VHOG:0000297]
synonym: "pharyngeal arches 2" RELATED [VHOG:0000297]
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000297", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M and Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005884
name: hyoid arch skeleton
comment: AO notes: it's not clear where AAO:'hyobranchial skeleton' belongs
synonym: "hyoid arch skeleton" EXACT [ZFA:0001276]
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton" EXACT [ZFA:0001276]
synonym: "hyoid arch" RELATED INCONSISTENT [TAO:0001276]
synonym: "visceral arch 2" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [TAO:0001276]
synonym: "hyoid bars" NARROW  [TAO:0001276]
xref: ZFA:0001276 ! pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton
xref: XAO:0003177 ! hyoid arch skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0003066 ! hyoid arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="ZFA"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 {source="cjm"} ! facial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003066 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 ! pharyngeal arch skeleton
xref: AAO:0010370 ! hyoid arch skeleton
xref: AAO:0000665 ! hyobranchial skeleton
xref: TAO:0001276 ! hyoid arch
synonym: "hyal@fr" RELATED [TAO:0001276]
synonym: "hyocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0001276]
def: "A subdivision of skeleton that subdivision_of a pharyngeal arch 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011152
name: dorsal hyoid arch skeleton
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton" EXACT  []
synonym: "dorsal visceral arch 2" EXACT  [ZFA:0001401]
synonym: "dorsal hyoid arch" EXACT [ZFA:0001401]
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005884 {source="AAO"} ! hyoid arch skeleton
xref: AAO:0010371 ! dorsal hyoid arch skeleton
xref: XAO:0003178 ! dorsal hyoid arch skeleton
xref: ZFA:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch
xref: TAO:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011153
name: ventral hyoid arch skeleton
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton" EXACT  []
synonym: "ventral visceral arch 2" EXACT  [ZFA:0001402]
synonym: "ventral hyoid arch" EXACT [ZFA:0001402]
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005884 {source="AAO"} ! hyoid arch skeleton
xref: AAO:0010372 ! ventral hyoid arch skeleton
xref: XAO:0003179 ! ventral hyoid arch skeleton
xref: ZFA:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch
xref: TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch
xref: EFO:0003684 ! ventral hyoid arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003114
name: pharyngeal arch 3
def: "The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus." [MP:0006339]
comment: in XAO, called branchial arch 1 and df VP3
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
synonym: "third pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
synonym: "third visceral arch" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral arch 3" EXACT []
synonym: "first branchial arch" RELATED SENSU [ZFA:0001606]
synonym: "branchial arch 1" RELATED SENSU [ZFA:0001606, AAO:0010365]
synonym: "first gill arch" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0001606]
synonym: "gill arch 1" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0001606]
synonym: "3rd arch" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000069]
xref: ZFA:0001606 ! pharyngeal arch 3
xref: XAO:0000447 ! branchial arch 1
xref: VHOG:0000298 ! third pharyngeal arch
xref: EHDAA2:0000069 ! 3rd arch
xref: EMAPA:16399 ! 3rd arch
xref: EHDAA:1080 ! 3rd arch
xref: AAO:0010365 ! branchial arch 1
is_a: UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: SCTID:308769006 ! Entire third branchial arch
xref: TAO:0001598 ! gill arch 1
property_value: external_definition "The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, contains the first aortic arch.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010365", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}
property_value: pharyngeal_arch_number "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "3rd visceral arch" RELATED [VHOG:0000298]
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000298", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M and Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003115
name: pharyngeal arch 4
def: "contributes to development of the cartilage of the larynx, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and soft palate muscles, superior parathyroid gland, and C-cells of the thymus" [MP:0006340]
comment: in XAO, called branchial arch 2 and df VP4
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "4th pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
synonym: "fourth pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
synonym: "4th branchial arch" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "4th visceral arch" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral arch 4" EXACT []
synonym: "second branchial arch" RELATED SENSU [ZFA:0001607]
synonym: "branchial arch 2" RELATED SENSU [ZFA:0001607, AAO:0010366]
synonym: "second gill arch" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0001607]
synonym: "gill arch 2" EXACT SENSU [ZFA:0001607]
synonym: "4th arch" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000086]
xref: ZFA:0001607 ! pharyngeal arch 4
xref: XAO:0000449 ! branchial arch 2
xref: VHOG:0000299 ! fourth pharyngeal arch
xref: EHDAA2:0000086 ! 4th arch
xref: EMAPA:16760 ! 4th arch
xref: EHDAA:1663 ! 4th arch
xref: AAO:0010366 ! branchial arch 2
is_a: UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: SCTID:308770007 ! Entire fourth branchial arch
xref: TAO:0001599 ! gill arch 2
property_value: external_definition "The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010366", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}
property_value: pharyngeal_arch_number "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "fourth visceral arch" RELATED [VHOG:0000299]
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000299", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M and Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003116
name: pharyngeal arch 5
comment: A fifth arch never establishes itself in amniotes // in XAO, called branchial arch 3 and df VP5
synonym: "branchial arch 3" RELATED [ZFA:0001608]
synonym: "fifth visceral arch" EXACT [XAO:0000451]
synonym: "gill arch 3" EXACT [ZFA:0001608]
synonym: "third branchial arch" RELATED SENSU [XAO:0000451]
synonym: "branchial arch 3" RELATED SENSU [XAO:0000451, AAO:0010367]
synonym: "visceral arch 5" EXACT [ZFA:0001608]
xref: XAO:0000451 ! branchial arch 3
xref: ZFA:0001608 ! pharyngeal arch 5
xref: VHOG:0001204 ! fifth pharyngeal arch
xref: AAO:0010367 ! branchial arch 3
is_a: UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: SCTID:308771006 ! Entire fifth branchial arch
xref: TAO:0001600 ! gill arch 3
property_value: external_definition "The third in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the third aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010367", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}
property_value: pharyngeal_arch_number "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "5th pharyngeal arch" RELATED [VHOG:0001204]
synonym: "5th visceral arch" RELATED [VHOG:0001204]
synonym: "fifth pharyngeal arch" RELATED [VHOG:0001204]
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001204", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M\, Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003117
name: pharyngeal arch 6
alt_id: UBERON:0004349
def: "The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles" [MP:0006347]
synonym: "sixth branchial arch" EXACT []
synonym: "branchial arch 4" RELATED SENSU [ZFA:0001609, AAO:0010368]
synonym: "fourth branchial arch" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "gill arch 4" EXACT [ZFA:0001609]
synonym: "sixth visceral arch" RELATED [XAO:0000453]
synonym: "visceral arch 6" EXACT [ZFA:0001609]
synonym: "6th arch" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004075]
xref: XAO:0000453 ! branchial arch 4
xref: ZFA:0001609 ! pharyngeal arch 6
xref: VHOG:0001205 ! sixth pharyngeal arch
xref: AAO:0010368 ! branchial arch 4
is_a: UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: SCTID:308772004 ! Entire sixth branchial arch
xref: EHDAA2:0004075 ! 6th arch
xref: TAO:0001601 ! gill arch 4
property_value: external_definition "The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010368", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}
property_value: pharyngeal_arch_number "6" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "6th pharyngeal arch" RELATED [VHOG:0001205]
synonym: "6th visceral arch" RELATED [VHOG:0001205]
synonym: "sixth pharyngeal arch" RELATED [VHOG:0001205]
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001205", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M\, Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011087
name: pharyngeal arch 7
synonym: "branchial arch 5" RELATED  [ZFA:0001610]
synonym: "gill arch 5" EXACT  [ZFA:0001610]
synonym: "visceral arch 7" EXACT  [ZFA:0001610]
xref: TAO:0001602 ! gill arch 5
is_a: UBERON:0008896 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch 3-7
xref: ZFA:0001610 ! pharyngeal arch 7
xref: TAO:0001602 ! gill arch 5
property_value: pharyngeal_arch_number "7" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011638
name: pharyngeal arch 8
synonym: "branchial arch 6" RELATED  []
synonym: "gill arch 6" EXACT  []
synonym: "visceral arch 8" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0008896 {source="TAO"} ! post-hyoid pharyngeal arch
property_value: pharyngeal_arch_number "8" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008896
name: post-hyoid pharyngeal arch
def: "A pharyngeal arch that is posterior to the hyoid arch. i.e. any pharyngeal arch with a number 3 or higher." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "branchial arch" EXACT  [ZFA:0001613]
synonym: "branchial arches" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001613]
synonym: "gill bar" RELATED  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "branchial bar" EXACT  [ZFA:0001613]
synonym: "branchial bars" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001613]
synonym: "gill arch" EXACT  [ZFA:0001613]
synonym: "gill arches 1-5" EXACT  [ZFA:0001613]
synonym: "visceral arches 3-7" EXACT  [ZFA:0001613]
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 3-7" EXACT [ZFA:0001613]
xref: TAO:0001597 ! gill arch
xref: XAO:0000099 ! branchial arch
xref: AAO:0010362 ! branchial arch
is_a: UBERON:0002539 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch
xref: ZFA:0001613 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7
xref: SCTID:308766004 ! Entire branchial arch (also: UBERON:0002539 'pharyngeal arch')
xref: BTO:0002152 ! gill arch
property_value: external_definition "Posterior-most stream of cranial neural crest, which sub-divides during migration.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010362", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: EFO:0003694 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005886
name: post-hyoid pharyngeal arch skeleton
comment: AO notes: XAO class belongs here, as it clearly refers to arches 3-7
synonym: "branchial arch skeleton" RELATED SENSU [XAO:0003180]
synonym: "gill arch skeleton" RELATED  [XAO:0003180]
synonym: "visceral arch skeleton" RELATED  [XAO:0003180]
synonym: "gill arch 1-5 skeleton" EXACT [TAO:0000095]
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton" EXACT [ZFA:0000095]
xref: ZFA:0000095 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton
xref: XAO:0003180 ! branchial arch skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0008896 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="ZFA"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008896 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch 3-7
xref: TAO:0000095 ! gill arch 1-5 skeleton
xref: SCTID:346439007 ! Entire gill arch skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Skeletal and cartilage elements of the gill arches; the last five of the set of seven pharyngeal arches; the numbering system can be confusing; generally branchial arch #1 is the first gill arch, or the third pharyngeal arch, but some authors do not follow this convention. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000095", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass anatomical cluster (CARO:0000041) CHANGED TO: part_of anatomical cluster (UBERON:0000477)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000095", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
def: "A subdivision of skeleton that subdivision_of a post-hyoid pharyngeal arch." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001508
name: arch of aorta
def: "begins at the level of the upper border of the second sternocostal articulation of the right side, and runs at first upward, backward, and to the left in front of the trachea; it is then directed backward on the left side of the trachea and finally passes downward on the left side of the body of the fourth thoracic vertebra, at the lower border of which it becomes continuous with the descending aorta[WP]." [Wikipedia:Arch_of_aorta]
comment: Usage notes: Do not confuse with aortic arch; check EHDAA2. Taxon notes: birds have right aortic arch, mammals left. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "aortic arch" RELATED [FMA:3768]
synonym: "thoracic aorta" RELATED [GAID:471]
xref: MA:0000475 ! arch of aorta
xref: FMA:3768 ! arch of aorta
xref: GAID:471 ! thoracic aorta (also: UBERON:0001515 'thoracic aorta')
xref: EFO:0002526 ! aortic arch
xref: VHOG:0001196 ! arch of aorta
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gray506.svg/200px-Gray506.svg.png
xref: BTO:0000157 ! aorta thoracica (also: UBERON:0001515 'thoracic aorta')
xref: EMAPA:17613 ! arch of aorta of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:18602 ! arch of aorta of aorta
xref: EHDAA2:0000132 ! aortic arch
is_a: UBERON:0005800 ! segment of aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001515 ! thoracic aorta
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003121 ! aortic arch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005432 ! aortic sac
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005613 ! left dorsal aorta
synonym: "arcus aortae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:3768]
xref: SCTID:181300001 ! Entire aortic arch
property_value: external_definition "The curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001196", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arch+of+aorta", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The double systemic arch arches (left and right) present in amphibians and reptiles become reduced to a single systemic arch - the right in birds, the left in mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001196", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.460 and p.461 Figure 12.20", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004363 ! aortic arch
name: aortic arch
alt_id: UBERON:0004342
def: "One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries." [Wikipedia:Aortic_arches, MP:0002672]
comment: Usage notes: Do not confuse with arch of aorta. Editor notes: add specific artery derivatives. Development notes: The third, fourth, and sixth arches, along with the seventh intersegmental arteries and the left dorsal aorta, are the primary contributors to the normal aortic arch and its major thoracic branches. Taxon notes: Number varies - Lampreys have 8, hagfishes 15; only up to 6 appear in embryonic development in most gnathostome fishes and all tetrapods
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "aortic arches" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0005004]
synonym: "branchial arch artery" EXACT [EMAPA:16684]
synonym: "embryonic aortic arch artery" EXACT [EMAPA:16684, MP:0002672]
synonym: "branchial aortic arches " EXACT PLURAL [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080512-6]
xref: XAO:0000341 ! aortic arch
xref: EHDAA:7327 ! aortic arch
xref: VHOG:0000122 ! aortic arch
xref: ZFA:0005004 ! aortic arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Aortic_Arch ! Aortic Arch
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gray473.png/200px-Gray473.png
xref: EMAPA:16684 ! branchial arch artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000186 ! branchial arch artery
xref: EHDAA:398 ! branchial arch artery
xref: EFO:0003695 ! aortic arch
xref: AAO:0010414 ! aortic arch
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="ZFA"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008814 ! pharyngeal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007303 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal vasculature
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {notes="abduced from EHDAA2"} ! neural crest
xref: AAO:0010414 ! aortic arch
xref: TAO:0005004 ! aortic arch
synonym: "aa. arcuum pharyngeorum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Aortic_arches]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Gray473.png
synonym: "pharyngeal arch artery" RELATED [VHOG:0000122]
property_value: external_definition "Paired vessels arching from the ventral to the dorsal aorta through the pharyngeal arches. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000122", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+arches", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000122", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0003489

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003118
name: aortic arch 1
alt_id: UBERON:0004371
def: "the vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis" [MP:0006356]
comment: ZFA: The paired aortic arch 1 arteries branch off of the ventral aorta, and empty into the right and left lateral dorsal aortas. // Disappears early in development in tetrapods
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "AA1" EXACT [ZFA:0005005]
synonym: "first aortic arch" EXACT [XAO:0000342]
synonym: "mandibular aortic arch" EXACT [ZFA:0005005]
synonym: "1st arch artery" EXACT [EMAPA:16685]
synonym: "first branchial arch artery" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0000149 ! first aortic arch
xref: TAO:0005005 ! aortic arch 1
xref: XAO:0000342 ! aortic arch 1
xref: ZFA:0005005 ! aortic arch 1
xref: EHDAA2:0000007 ! 1st arch artery
xref: EMAPA:16685 ! 1st arch artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0004363 ! aortic arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004362 ! pharyngeal arch 1
xref: AAO:0010415 ! aortic arch 1
xref: SCTID:308774003 ! Entire first aortic arch
xref: EMAPA:16202  ! 1st arch artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003119 ! aortic arch 2
name: aortic arch 2
alt_id: UBERON:0004372
def: "The first and second arches disappear early, but the dorsal end of the second gives origin to the stapedial artery, a vessel which atrophies in humans but persists in some mammals. It passes through the ring of the stapes and divides into supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibular branches which follow the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The infraorbital and mandibular arise from a common stem, the terminal part of which anastomoses with the external carotid. On the obliteration of the stapedial artery this anastomosis enlarges and forms the internal maxillary artery, and the branches of the stapedial artery are now branches of this vessel. The common stem of the infraorbital and mandibular branches passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve and becomes the middle meningeal artery; the original supraorbital branch of the stapedial is represented by the orbital twigs of the middle meningeal[WP]." [Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arches_1_and_2]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "AA2" EXACT [ZFA:0005006]
synonym: "hyoid aortic arch" EXACT [ZFA:0005006]
synonym: "second aortic arch" EXACT [XAO:0000343]
synonym: "2nd arch artery" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000051]
synonym: "second branchial arch artery" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000051 ! 2nd arch artery
xref: EMAPA:16686 ! 2nd arch artery
xref: VHOG:0000148 ! second aortic arch
xref: XAO:0000343 ! aortic arch 2
xref: ZFA:0005006 ! aortic arch 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0004363 ! aortic arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: AAO:0010418 ! aortic arch 2
xref: SCTID:308775002 ! Entire second aortic arch
xref: EMAPA:16203  ! 2nd arch artery
xref: TAO:0005006 ! aortic arch 2
property_value: external_definition "The second in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 2 that is part of hyoid arch.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010418", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003120
name: aortic arch 3
alt_id: UBERON:0004352
def: "The third aortic arch constitutes the commencement of the internal carotid artery, and is therefore named the carotid arch[WP]." [Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_3]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "AA3" EXACT [ZFA:0005007]
synonym: "third aortic arch" EXACT [XAO:0000344]
synonym: "carotid arch" EXACT [Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_3]
synonym: "3rd arch artery" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000070]
synonym: "third branchial arch artery" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000070 ! 3rd arch artery
xref: EMAPA:16687 ! 3rd arch artery
xref: VHOG:0000147 ! third aortic arch
xref: XAO:0000344 ! aortic arch 3
xref: ZFA:0005007 ! aortic arch 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0004363 ! aortic arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003114 ! pharyngeal arch 3
xref: AAO:0010419 ! aortic arch 3
xref: SCTID:308776001 ! Entire third aortic arch
xref: TAO:0005007 ! aortic arch 3
property_value: external_definition "The third in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 3 lies within the 3rd branchial arch and branches directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010419", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}
property_value: external_definition "Aortic arches 3 and 4 are not remodeled but are retained largely intact as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills.  These areches  are direct branches from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005007", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003121 ! aortic arch 4
name: aortic arch 4
alt_id: UBERON:0004350
def: "The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus[WP]." [Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_4]
comment: Development notes: Normally, the left fourth arch becomes the aortic arch, the right fourth arch contributes to the innominate artery[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview] in birds it is the right fourth arch which forms the permanent aorta // proximal right subclavian
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "AA4" EXACT [ZFA:0005008]
synonym: "fourth aortic arch" EXACT [XAO:0000355]
synonym: "4th arch artery" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000087]
synonym: "fourth branchial arch artery" EXACT []
synonym: "systemic arch" RELATED  [XAO:0000355, ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: VHOG:0000146 ! fourth aortic arch
xref: XAO:0000355 ! aortic arch 4
xref: ZFA:0005008 ! aortic arch 4
xref: EHDAA2:0000087 ! 4th arch artery
xref: EMAPA:17004 ! 4th arch artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0004363 ! aortic arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003115 ! pharyngeal arch 4
xref: AAO:0010420 ! aortic arch 4
xref: SCTID:308777005 ! Entire fourth aortic arch
xref: TAO:0005008 ! aortic arch 4
property_value: external_definition "The forth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010420", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}
property_value: external_definition "Aortic arches 3 and 4 are not remodeled but are retained largely intact as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills.  These areches  are direct branches from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005008", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003122
name: aortic arch 5
def: "The fifth arch disappears on both sides[WP]." [Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_5]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "AA5" EXACT [ZFA:0005009]
synonym: "fifth aortic arch" EXACT [XAO:0000352]
xref: VHOG:0000145 ! fifth aortic arch
xref: XAO:0000352 ! aortic arch 5
xref: ZFA:0005009 ! aortic arch 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0004363 ! aortic arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003116 ! pharyngeal arch 5
xref: AAO:0010421 ! aortic arch 5
xref: SCTID:308778000 ! Entire fifth aortic arch
xref: TAO:0005009 ! aortic arch 5
property_value: external_definition "The fifth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 5 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 6 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. Aortic arches 5 and 6 supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010421", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}
property_value: external_definition "The fifth and sixth arches, which come on-line at approximately 2.5 dpf, have a common trunk from the ventral aorta and drain to the midline dorsal aorta via an independent route.   The fifth and sixth aortic arches supply the trunk and tail with oxigenated blood. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005009", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003123
name: aortic arch 6
alt_id: UBERON:0004351
def: "The sixth right arch disappears; the sixth left arch gives off the pulmonary arteries and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1-3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosus. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch[WP]." [Wikipedia:Aortic_arches#Arch_6]
comment: Development notes: the distal left sixth arch becomes the ductus arteriosus, the proximal sixth arches bilaterally contribute to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/899609-overview]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "AA6" EXACT [ZFA:0005016]
synonym: "sixth aortic arch" EXACT [XAO:0000353]
synonym: "6th arch artery" EXACT [EMAPA:17005]
synonym: "sixth branchial arch artery" EXACT []
synonym: "pulmonary arch" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: VHOG:0000144 ! sixth aortic arch
xref: XAO:0000353 ! aortic arch 6
xref: ZFA:0005016 ! aortic arch 6
xref: EMAPA:17005 ! 6th arch artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000102 ! 6th arch artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0004363 ! aortic arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003117 ! pharyngeal arch 6
xref: AAO:0010422 ! aortic arch 6
xref: SCTID:308779008 ! Entire sixth aortic arch
xref: TAO:0005016 ! aortic arch 6
property_value: external_definition "The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010422", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-02-377110-0"}
property_value: external_definition "The fifth and sixth arches, which come on-line at approximately 2.5 dpf, have a common trunk from the ventral aorta and drain to the midline dorsal aorta via an independent route. The fifth and sixth aortic arches supply the trunk and tail with oxigenated blood. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005016", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006345
name: stapedial artery
def: "A small artery that passes through the ring of the stapes; while the stapedial artery is a temporary artery thought to disappear at late embryonic stage in humans, the mouse stapedial artery is complete by E13 and persists into adulthood[MP]." [MP:0004665]
synonym: "stapedial" RELATED [EHDAA2:0001908]
synonym: "stapedial artery temporary" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001908]
xref: MA:0002044 ! stapedial artery
xref: EMAPA:17313 ! stapedial artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001908 ! stapedial artery temporary
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="EHDAA2"} ! artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003119 {source="EHDAA2"} ! aortic arch 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="EHDAA2"} ! middle ear
relationship: existence_ends_during UBERON:0000068 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="MP"} ! embryo stage
xref: ncithesaurus:Stapedial_Artery ! Stapedial Artery
xref: SCTID:361518009 ! Stapedial artery
xref: UMLS:C1284048

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005608 ! hyoid artery
name: hyoid artery
def: "The second arch becomes the hyoid artery, which is prominent in early development and normally persists as the caroticotympanic branch of the ICA[Padget]" [http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/572]
xref: MA:0001969 ! hyoid artery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000792 ! hyoid artery
xref: EMAPA:17308 ! hyoid artery
xref: VHOG:0001409 ! hyoid artery
xref: EHDAA:3342 ! hyoid artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003119 {source="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/572"} ! aortic arch 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007693
name: caroticotympanic artery
def: "The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is small; it enters the tympanic cavity through a minute foramen in the carotid canal, and anastomoses with the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary, and with the stylomastoid artery." [Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries]
synonym: "caroticotympanic branch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries]
xref: FMA:49828 ! caroticotympanic artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001532 {source="FMA"} ! internal carotid artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005608 {source="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/572"} ! hyoid artery
xref: SCTID:148470005 ! Entire caroticotympanic artery
synonym: "arteriae caroticotympanicae, ramus caroticotympanicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010333
name: extraembryonic membrane mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005631 ! extraembryonic membrane
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005728 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! extraembryonic mesoderm
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003124
name: chorion
def: "The chorion is one of the membranes that exists during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. It is formed by extraembryonic mesoderm and the two layers of trophoblast and surrounds the embryo and other membranes. The chorionic villi emerge from the chorion, invade the endometrium, and allow transfer of nutrients from maternal blood to fetal blood." [Wikipedia:Chorion]
comment: Development notes: Extra-embryonic ectoderm[PMID:19829370]. Taxon notes: The chorion of placentals is bilaminar as in reptiles and birds, but forms from the trophoblast and includes the ajdacent mesodermal layer [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"].
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fetal chorion" EXACT []
synonym: "embryonic chorion" EXACT []
synonym: "chorion (vertebrates)" EXACT []
synonym: "chorion frondosum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chorion]
synonym: "chorionic sac" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chorion]
xref: BTO:0000252
xref: EHDAA:150 ! chorion
xref: FMA:80224 ! Chorion
xref: GAID:1299 ! chorion
xref: VHOG:0000200 ! chorion
xref: ncithesaurus:Chorion ! Chorion
xref: ncithesaurus:Chorionic_Sac ! chorionic sac
xref: EHDAA2:0000245 ! chorion
xref: EMAPA:16112 ! chorion
xref: MESH:A16.254.403.473 ! chorion
xref: EV:0100121 ! chorion
xref: EFO:0002780 ! chorion
is_a: UBERON:0005631 ! extraembryonic membrane
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003265 ! chorionic mesoderm
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003374 ! chorionic ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005971 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! amniotic fold
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Gray24.png
property_value: external_definition "The outer membrane enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000200", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chorion", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000200", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.187", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "chorionic" xsd:string
property_value: external_definition "The outer membrane of the two membranes enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta[BTO:0000252]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0000252"}
xref: UMLS:C0008503
xref: UMLS:C1516505

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000305
name: amnion
def: "A membrane building the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects an embryo. It is developed in reptiles, birds, and mammals, which are hence called “Amniota”; but not in amphibians and fish (Ichthyopsida), which are consequently termed “Anamniota”. The primary function of this is the protection of the embryo for its development. It stems from parts of the mesoderm on the outer side and the ectoderm on the inner side[WP]." [Wikipedia:Amnion]
xref: BTO:0000065
xref: FMA:80223 ! Amnion
xref: VHOG:0000721 ! amnion
xref: ncithesaurus:Amnion
xref: GAID:1298 ! amnion
xref: EHDAA:136 ! amnion
xref: EHDAA2:0000116 ! amnion
xref: EMAPA:16109 ! amnion
xref: MESH:A16.254.403.277 ! amnion
xref: EV:0100122 ! amnion
is_a: UBERON:0005631 ! extraembryonic membrane
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0004871 {source="ISBN10:0073040584-table5.4"} ! somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0000924 {source="ISBN10:0073040584-table5.4"} ! ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005971 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! amniotic fold
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003254 ! amniotic ectoderm
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003262 ! amniotic mesoderm
xref: SCTID:181457005 ! Entire amnion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Gray14.png
property_value: external_definition "A thin but tough extraembryonic membrane of reptiles, birds and mammals that lines the chorion and contains the fEtus and the amniotic fluid around it. [Biology_Online][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000721", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000721", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.187", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "amniotic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0002630

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003254
alt_id: UBERON:0008359
name: amniotic ectoderm
comment: Editor note: we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk—the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion.
synonym: "amnionic ectoderm" EXACT [ISBN:9780878932504]
synonym: "amnion ectoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "amnion ectoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000117]
synonym: "amnion epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0000897]
xref: BTO:0000897 ! amnion epithelium
xref: EHDAA:138 ! ectoderm
xref: VHOG:0000621 ! amnion ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000117 ! amnion ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16110 ! ectoderm of amnion
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002532 {source="ISBN:9780878932504", source="EHDAA2-via-amnioblasts"} ! epiblast
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000305 {source="EHDAA2"} ! amnion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003262
alt_id: UBERON:0003411
name: amniotic mesoderm
comment: Editor note: we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk—the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion.
synonym: "amnion mesoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "amnion mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000118]
synonym: "mesenchyme of amnion" EXACT [EMAPA:16265]
xref: EMAPA:16265 ! mesenchyme of amnion
xref: EHDAA:140 ! mesoderm
xref: VHOG:0000622 ! amnion mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000118 ! amnion mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16111 ! mesoderm of amnion
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000305 ! amnion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005728 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000305 ! amnion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005971
name: amniotic fold
def: "A sheet of somatopleure that grows upward over the embryo and eventually meets in the midline enclosing the embryo, eventually giving rise to the amnion and chorion[Kardong]." [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: EMAPA:16076 ! amniotic fold
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004874 {source="Kardong"} ! somatopleure 

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003374 ! chorionic ectoderm
name: chorionic ectoderm
synonym: "chorion ectoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorionic epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0005145]
synonym: "chorion epithelium" RELATED []
xref: EMAPA:16113 ! ectoderm of chorion
xref: BTO:0005145 ! chorionic epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003124 ! chorion
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000924 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003265 ! chorionic mesoderm
alt_id: UBERON:0003423
name: chorionic mesoderm
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "chorion mesoderm" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000247]
synonym: "chorionic mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003245]
synonym: "chorion mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of chorion (vertebrates)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorionic mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003245]
synonym: "mesenchyme of chorion" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:154 ! mesoderm
xref: VHOG:0000620 ! chorion mesoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000247 ! chorion mesoderm
xref: EMAPA:16114 ! mesoderm of chorion
xref: EMAPA:16266 ! mesenchyme of chorion
xref: EHDAA2:0003245 ! chorionic mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003124 ! chorion
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004871 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005728 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004027 ! chorionic plate
name: chorionic plate
def: "hat portion of the chorionic wall in the region of its uterine attachment, which gives rise to chorionic villi; it consists of the mesoderm that lines the chorionic vesicle and, on the maternal side, of the trophoblast that lines the intervillous spaces; in the last half of gestation, the mesodermal connective tissue is largely replaced by fibrinoid material, and the amnionic membrane is adherent to the fetal side of the plate." [MP:0004560, http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=69523]
xref: BTO:0002879 ! chorionic plate
xref: ncithesaurus:Chorionic_Plate ! Chorionic Plate
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003124 ! chorion
xref: SCTID:256391000 ! Entire chorionic plate
xref: UMLS:C0230972

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007106
name: chorionic villus
def: "One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta." [BTO:0001161, Wikipedia:Chorionic_villi]
comment: Taxon notes: The mouse and human placentas have labyrinthine and villous types of interdigitation between maternal and fetal tissues, respectively. Histology notes: The bulk of the villi consist of connective tissues in which blood vessels are found. Most of the cells in the connective tissue core of the villi are fibroblasts. Macrophages known as Hofbauer cells are also present.
synonym: "chorionic villus" RELATED [GAID:1300]
synonym: "placental villi" RELATED [GAID:1300]
synonym: "placental villus" RELATED [GAID:1300]
synonym: "chorionic villi" RELATED [MESH:A16.254.403.473.200]
synonym: "chorionic villous" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chorionic_villi]
xref: BTO:0001161 ! chorionic villus
xref: MESH:A16.254.403.473.200
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003124 {source="BTO"} ! chorion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004027 {source="MP-def"} ! chorionic plate
xref: ncithesaurus:Chorionic_Villus ! Chorionic Villus
xref: EHDAA2:0004717 ! chorionic villus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Gray29.png
xref: SCTID:360403003 ! Entire placental villus
xref: UMLS:C0008508

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009993
name: primary chorionic villus
def: "A chorionic villus that is a solid outgrowth of the cytotrophoblast that protrudes into the syncytiotrophoblast." [http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0007106 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! chorionic villus
xref: ncithesaurus:Primary_Chorionic_Villus ! Primary Chorionic Villus
xref: UMLS:C1514421

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009994
name: secondary chorionic villus
def: "A chorionic villus that is has a core of loose connective tissue, which in humans grows into the primary villi about the third week of development." [http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0007106 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! chorionic villus
xref: ncithesaurus:Secondary_Chorionic_Villus ! Secondary Chorionic Villus
xref: UMLS:C1519213

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009995
name: tertiary chorionic villus
def: "Tertiary chorionic villi contain embryonic blood vessels that develop from mesenchymal cells in the loose connective tissue core.  These blood vessels connect up with vessels that develop in the chorion and connecting stalk and begin to circulate embryonic blood about the third week of development in humans." [http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0007106 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! chorionic villus
xref: ncithesaurus:Tertiary_Chorionic_Villus ! Tertiary Chorionic Villus
xref: UMLS:C1515280

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007108
name: vernix caseosa
def: "An unctuous substance composed of sebum and desquamated epithelial cells, which covers the skin of the fetus." [MESH:A12.200.946, Wikipedia:Vernix_caseosa]
synonym: "vernix caseosa" RELATED [MESH:A12.200.946]
synonym: "vernix" RELATED []
xref: MESH:A12.200.946 ! vernix caseosa
xref: GAID:1174 ! vernix caseosa
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000323 ! fetus
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001866 ! sebum
xref: ncithesaurus:Vernix_Caseosa ! Vernix Caseosa
xref: UMLS:C0042541

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007109
name: meconium
def: "A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth." [BTO:0000838]
xref: BTO:0000838 ! meconium
is_a: UBERON:0001988 ! feces
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000323 ! fetus
xref: ncithesaurus:Meconium ! Meconium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003125
name: vitelline membrane
def: "a structure directly adjacent to the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an ovum. It is composed mostly of protein fibers, with protein receptors needed for sperm binding, binding to sperm plasma membrane receptors. The species-specificity between these receptors contributes to prevention of breeding between different species [Wikipedia]. A protective layer around the egg[FBbt]." [Wikipedia:Vitelline_membrane]
comment: TODO - consider GO CC request. GO:0030704-vitelline membrane formation considered a subclass of CC organization
subset: dubious_grouping
synonym: "zona pellucida" RELATED []
synonym: "yolk sac membrane" RELATED [BTO:0001450]
xref: FBbt:00000042 ! vitelline membrane
xref: GAID:1318 ! vitelline membrane
xref: BTO:0001450 ! vitelline membrane
xref: XAO:0000030 ! vitelline membrane
xref: MESH:A16.631.886 ! vitelline membrane
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: surrounds CL:0000025 ! egg
xref: AAO:0010332 ! vitelline membrane
xref: VHOG:0000720 ! zona pellucida - vitelline membrane (also: UBERON:0000086 'zona pellucida')
synonym: "m. vitellina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vitelline_membrane]
property_value: external_definition "Thin membrane enclosing and immediately adjacent to the ovum. Produced in the ovary.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010332", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of zygote (AAO:0010324)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010332", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
synonym: "zona pellucida - vitelline membrane" BROAD [VHOG:0000720]
property_value: homology_notes "Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000720", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.159", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003130
name: arthropod sternum
def: "ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen. In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called sternites, and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous." [Wikipedia:Sternum_(arthropod)]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
synonym: "sternum" BROAD []
xref: FBbt:00004557 ! sternum
xref: HAO:0000956 ! sternum
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003131
name: arthropod tibia
def: "A section of the arthropod leg." [Wikipedia:Arthropod_leg]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology. Homology notes: homology of leg segments between groups are difficult to prove and are the source of much argument. Some authors posit up to eleven segments per leg for the most recent common ancestor of extant arthropods [1], but modern arthropods have eight or fewer. It has been argued [2][3] that the ancestral leg need not have been so complex, and that other events, such as the successive loss of function of a Hox-gene could result in parallel gains of leg segments.
xref: FBbt:00004642 ! tibia
xref: HAO:0001017 ! tibia
xref: TADS:0000281 ! adult tibia
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005895 ! insect leg
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003132
name: arthropod hypopharynx
def: "A median tonguelike structure arising from the mouth." [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/279974/hypopharynx]
comment: Editor notes: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
xref: FBbt:00005751 ! hypopharynx
xref: HAO:0000409 ! hypopharynx
xref: TGMA:0000090 ! adult hypopharynx
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006562 ! pharynx
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
name: reproductive organ
def: "An organ involved in reproduction" [UBERON:xp]
comment: GO uses genitalia for the singular organ
subset: functional_classification
synonym: "reproductive system organ" EXACT []
synonym: "sex organ" EXACT []
synonym: "genital organ" EXACT []
synonym: "genitalia" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: MA:0001752 ! reproductive organ
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwO39aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! reproductive organ
xref: TGMA:0000591 ! genitalia
xref: EMAPA:17381 ! reproductive system (also: UBERON:0000990 'reproductive system')
xref: MESH:A05.360 ! genitalia
xref: WBbt:0008422 ! sex organ
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0000003
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
xref: ncithesaurus:Genitalia ! Genitalia
xref: SCTID:128181006 ! Entire genital organ
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0017420

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003136
name: obsolete tagma
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00000002 ! tagma
consider: HAO:0000988 ! tagma
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003137
name: obsolete antennal segment
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00000009 ! antennal segment
consider: HAO:0000104 ! antennal segment
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003138
name: obsolete thoracic segment
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00000016 ! thoracic segment
consider: HAO:0001013 ! thoracic segment
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003139
name: obsolete larval tagma
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00001728 ! larval tagma
consider: HAO:0000462 ! larval tagma
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003140
name: obsolete larval thorax
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00001741 ! larval thorax
consider: HAO:0000463 ! larval thorax
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003141
name: obsolete larval abdomen
consider: FBbt:00001746 ! larval abdomen
consider: HAO:0000460 ! larval abdomen
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003142
name: prepupa
synonym: "PP" RELATED [FBbt:00002952]
xref: FBbt:00002952 ! prepupa
xref: HAO:0000812 ! prepupa
xref: BTO:0001110 ! prepupa
is_a: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002548 ! larva

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003143
name: pupa
def: "Organism at the pupal stage. The pupal stage is a life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago." [Wikipedia:Pupa]
synonym: "aurelia" NARROW [Wikipedia:Pupa,  NCBITaxon:37572]
synonym: "chrysalis" NARROW [Wikipedia:Pupa,  NCBITaxon:37572]
synonym: "chrysalides" NARROW PLURAL [Wikipedia:Pupa,  NCBITaxon:37572]
synonym: "pupae" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: FBbt:00002953 ! pupa
xref: HAO:0000886 ! pupa
xref: BTO:0001143 ! pupa
xref: EFO:0002684 ! pupa
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQCBr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pupa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
intersection_of: existence_starts_and_ends_during UBERON:0000070 ! pupal stage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:33392 ! Endopterygota
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pupal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013198
name: cocoon
def: "A casing spun of silk by many moth caterpillars, and numerous other holometabolous insect larvae as a protective covering for the pupa[WP]." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupa#Cocoon]
comment: analagous to a puparium in other insects
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0012245 ! silk
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0003143 ! pupa
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:37572 ! Papilionoidea
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:33392 ! Endopterygota

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003144
name: obsolete adult tagma
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00003005 ! adult tagma
consider: HAO:0000089 ! adult tagma
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003145
name: obsolete adult arthropod thorax
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00003018 ! adult thorax
consider: HAO:0000090 ! adult thorax
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003146
name: obsolete adult arthropod abdomen
consider: FBbt:00003023 ! adult abdomen
consider: HAO:0000088 ! adult abdomen
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003147
name: obsolete peritreme
def: "That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles." [http://www.answers.com/topic/peritreme]
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology. term also used for edge of the aperture of a univalve shell
synonym: "rim" RELATED [FBbt:00003121]
consider: FBbt:00003121 ! peritreme
consider: HAO:0000712 ! peritreme
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003148 ! sclerite
name: obsolete sclerite
def: "hardened portions of arthropod exoskeletons." [Wikipedia:Sclerite]
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "plate" RELATED [FBbt:00004475]
consider: FBbt:00004475 ! sclerite
consider: HAO:0000909 ! sclerite
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003192
name: obsolete axillary sclerite
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004737 ! axillary sclerite
consider: HAO:0000159 ! axillary sclerite
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003149
name: obsolete tergite
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "abdominal tergite" EXACT [FBbt:00004476]
consider: FBbt:00004476 ! tergite
consider: HAO:0001005 ! tergite
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003150
name: obsolete sternite
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "abdominal sternite" EXACT [FBbt:00004477]
consider: FBbt:00004477 ! sternite
consider: HAO:0000955 ! sternite
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003151
name: obsolete foramen
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004478 ! foramen
consider: HAO:0000345 ! foramen
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003152
name: obsolete phragma
def: "The lamella that serves as the site of attachment of the longitudinal flight muscle [HAO]." [HAO:0000716]
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004480 ! phragma
consider: HAO:0000716 ! phragma
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003153
name: head capsule
xref: FBbt:00004482 ! head capsule
xref: HAO:0000398 ! head capsule
xref: EFO:0001927 ! head capsule
xref: BTO:0004711 ! head capsule
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003154
name: obsolete gena
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "cheek" RELATED [FBbt:00004491]
consider: FBbt:00004491 ! gena
consider: HAO:0000371 ! gena
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003155
name: arthropod occiput
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology, but this is retained for disambiguation purposes
synonym: "occiput" RELATED SENSU [FBbt:00004492]
xref: FBbt:00004492 ! occiput
xref: HAO:0000658 ! occiput
xref: TGMA:0000041 ! occiput
is_a: UBERON:0006056 ! posterior region of head
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006054 ! surface of occiput
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006054 ! surface of occiput
name: surface of occiput
def: "The occiput is the anatomical term for the posterior (back) portion of the head." [Wikipedia:Occiput]
synonym: "occiput" RELATED [FMA:46479]
synonym: "occiput surface" EXACT [FMA:46479]
synonym: "regio occipitalis (capitis)" EXACT [FMA:46479]
xref: FMA:46479 ! surface of occiput
is_a: UBERON:0006056 ! posterior region of head
xref: galen:Occiput
synonym: "occiput cranii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occiput]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Double_cowlick.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006056 ! posterior surface of head
name: posterior surface of head
is_a: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003156
name: obsolete postocciput
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004494 ! postocciput
consider: HAO:0000790 ! postocciput
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003157
name: obsolete postgena
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004496 ! postgena
consider: HAO:0000776 ! postgena
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003158
name: obsolete tentorial pit
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004501 ! tentorial pit
consider: HAO:0000999 ! tentorial pit
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003159
name: obsolete anterior tentorial pit
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004502 ! anterior tentorial pit
consider: HAO:0000126 ! anterior tentorial pit
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003160
name: obsolete posterior tentorial pit
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004503 ! posterior tentorial pit
consider: HAO:0000768 ! posterior tentorial pit
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003161
name: dorsal ocellus
def: "A simple visual organ of insects[GO]. Two ocelli appear on the vertical and one on the frontal plate[FBbt]. The multi-tissue structure that is located on the top of the head, composed of the corneal lens, pigment cell, rhabdoms and synaptic plexus[HAO]. Two evolutionary distinct ocellus types exist [2]: dorsal ocelli (or simply 'ocelli'), found in most insects, and lateral ocelli (or stemmata), which are found in the larvae of some insect orders. They are structurally and functionally very different. Simple eyes of other animals, e.g. cnidarians may also be referred to as 'ocelli', but again the structure and anatomy of these eyes is quite distinct from those of the dorsal ocelli of insects[Wikipedia]." [FBbt:00004505, GO:0008056, HAO:0000661, Wikipedia:Ocellus#Ocelli]
synonym: "dorsal ocelli" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "ocelli" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "ocellus" EXACT []
xref: FBbt:00004505 ! ocellus
xref: HAO:0000661 ! ocellus
xref: BTO:0001758 ! ocellus
is_a: UBERON:0000963 ! head sensillum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003162
name: lateral ocellus
def: "The ocellus that is paired[HAO]. The number, form, and function of the dorsal ocelli varies markedly throughout insect orders. They tend to be larger and more strongly expressed in flying insects (particularly bees, wasps, dragonflies and locusts), where they are typically found as a triplet. Two lateral ocelli are directed to the left and right of the head respectively, while a central (median) ocellus is directed frontally. In some terrestrial insects (e.g. some ants and cockroaches), only two lateral ocelli are present: the median ocellus is absent. Note that the unfortunately labelled 'lateral ocelli' here refers to the sideways facing position of the ocelli, which are of the dorsal type. They should not be confused with the lateral ocelli of some insect larvae (see stemmata)[Wikipedia]." [HAO:0000481, Wikipedia:Ocellus#Ocelli]
xref: FBbt:00004506 ! lateral ocellus
xref: HAO:0000481 ! lateral ocellus
is_a: UBERON:0003161 ! dorsal ocellus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003163
name: obsolete mouthpart
comment: TODO
consider: FBbt:00004520 ! mouthpart
consider: HAO:0000639 ! mouthparts
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003164
name: obsolete clypeus
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004521 ! clypeus
consider: HAO:0000212 ! clypeus
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003165
name: obsolete cibarium
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "atrium" RELATED [FBbt:00004526]
consider: FBbt:00004526 ! cibarium
consider: HAO:0000201 ! cibarium
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003166
name: obsolete prementum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "theca" RELATED [FBbt:00004534]
consider: FBbt:00004534 ! prementum
consider: HAO:0000804 ! prementum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003167
name: obsolete lacinia
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004536 ! lacinia
consider: HAO:0000457 ! lacinia
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003168
name: obsolete mentum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004544 ! mentum
consider: HAO:0000534 ! mentum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003169
name: obsolete cervical sclerite
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004548 ! cervical sclerite
consider: HAO:0000195 ! cervical sclerite
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003170
name: obsolete tergum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004552 ! tergum
consider: HAO:0001006 ! tergum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003171
name: obsolete episternum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004554 ! episternum
consider: HAO:0000303 ! episternum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003172
name: obsolete epimeron
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004556 ! epimeron
consider: HAO:0000299 ! epimeron
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003173
name: obsolete pronotum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004561 ! pronotum
consider: HAO:0000853 ! pronotum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003174
name: obsolete furcasternum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004570 ! furcasternum
consider: HAO:0000367 ! furcasternum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003175
name: obsolete prescutum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004582 ! prescutum
consider: HAO:0000815 ! prescutum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003176
name: obsolete anterior notal wing process
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004585 ! anterior notal wing process
consider: HAO:0000120 ! anterior notal wing process
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003177
name: obsolete posterior notal wing process
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004586 ! posterior notal wing process
consider: HAO:0000758 ! posterior notal wing process
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003178
name: obsolete postnotum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "postscutellum" RELATED [FBbt:00004588]
consider: FBbt:00004588 ! postnotum
consider: HAO:0000786 ! postnotum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003179
name: obsolete pleural wing process
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004595 ! pleural wing process
consider: HAO:0000726 ! pleural wing process
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003180
name: obsolete anepisternum
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "mesopleurite" RELATED [FBbt:00004597]
consider: FBbt:00004597 ! anepisternum
consider: HAO:0000094 ! anepisternum
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003181
name: obsolete scutoscutellar suture
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004601 ! scutoscutellar suture
consider: HAO:0000920 ! scutoscutellar suture
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003182
name: obsolete pleural suture
consider: FBbt:00004603 ! pleural suture
consider: HAO:0000725 ! pleural suture
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003183
name: obsolete notopleural suture
consider: FBbt:00004604 ! notopleural suture
consider: HAO:0000649 ! notopleural suture
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003184
name: obsolete mesofurca
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "mesothoracic sternal apophysis" RELATED [FBbt:00004619]
consider: FBbt:00004619 ! mesofurca
consider: HAO:0000547 ! mesofurca
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003185
name: obsolete metafurca
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "metathoracic sternal apophysis" RELATED [FBbt:00004638]
consider: FBbt:00004638 ! metafurca
consider: HAO:0000592 ! metafurca
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003186
name: obsolete coxa
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004641 ! coxa
consider: HAO:0000228 ! coxa
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003187
name: obsolete pretarsus
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004653 ! pretarsus
consider: HAO:0000820 ! pretarsus
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003188
name: obsolete auxilia
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004654 ! auxilia
consider: HAO:0000153 ! auxilia
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003189
name: obsolete unguitractor plate
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004658 ! unguitractor plate
consider: HAO:0001043 ! unguitractor plate
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003190
name: obsolete empodium
consider: FBbt:00004659 ! empodium
consider: HAO:0000288 ! empodium
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003191
name: obsolete tegula
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004730 ! tegula
consider: HAO:0000993 ! tegula
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003193
name: obsolete axillary cord
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004744 ! axillary cord
consider: HAO:0000157 ! axillary cord
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003194
name: imaginal disc-derived wing vein
xref: FBbt:00004751 ! wing vein
xref: HAO:0001095 ! wing vein
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000984 ! imaginal disc-derived wing

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003195
name: obsolete crossvein
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004765 ! crossvein
consider: HAO:0000236 ! crossvein
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003196
name: obsolete wing cell
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
synonym: "intervein" RELATED [FBbt:00004769]
consider: FBbt:00004769 ! wing cell
consider: HAO:0001091 ! wing cell
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003197
name: obsolete costal cell
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004770 ! costal cell
consider: HAO:0000226 ! costal cell
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003198
name: obsolete aedeagus
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00004850 ! aedeagus
consider: HAO:0000091 ! aedeagus
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003199
name: egg chamber
synonym: "follicle" RELATED [FBbt:00004894]
synonym: "germarium derived egg chamber" EXACT [FBbt:00004894]
xref: FBbt:00004894 ! egg chamber
xref: HAO:0000287 ! egg chamber
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
xref: ncithesaurus:Follicle ! Follicle
xref: UMLS:C1571705

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003200
name: obsolete pedicel
consider: FBbt:00004920 ! pedicel
consider: HAO:0000706 ! pedicel
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003201
name: exocuticle
def: "The outer layer of the procuticle of certain crustaceans and arthropods, which contains cuticulin, chitin, and phenolic substances that are oxidized to produce the dark pigment of the cuticle;nThe hard and usually darkened layer of the cuticle lying between the endocuticle and epicuticle." [BTO:0001602]
xref: FBbt:00004973 ! exocuticle
xref: HAO:0000311 ! exocuticle
xref: BTO:0001602 ! exocuticle
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003202
name: endocuticle
def: "The inner layer of the procuticle in certain crustaceans and arthropods, which is almost entirely composed of protein and chitin." [BTO:0001603]
xref: FBbt:00004974 ! endocuticle
xref: HAO:0000290 ! endocuticle
xref: BTO:0001603 ! endocuticle
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003203
name: obsolete apodeme
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00005091 ! apodeme
consider: HAO:0000142 ! apodeme
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003204
name: obsolete epipharynx
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: FBbt:00005750 ! epipharynx
consider: HAO:0000301 ! epipharynx
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003205
name: obsolete articulation
comment: incorrect grouping
consider: FBbt:00005811 ! articulation
consider: HAO:0000151 ! articulation
consider: ncithesaurus:Articulation ! Articulation
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003206
name: obsolete apophysis
comment: incorrect grouping
consider: FBbt:00005813 ! apophysis
consider: HAO:0000143 ! apophysis
consider: FMA:75428 ! Apophysis
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003207
name: obsolete arthropod appendage segment
comment: arthropod specific groupings belong in separate ontology
consider: HAO:0000145 ! appendage segment
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003209
name: blood nerve barrier
def: "barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier[GO]." [GO:0008065, Wikipedia:Blood-nerve_barrier]
synonym: "blood-nerve barrier" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000179 ! haemolymphatic fluid
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001021 ! nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003210
name: blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
def: "barrier in the choroid plexus located in the lateral, third, and fourth brain ventricles that controls the entrance of substances into the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood[MP]." [MP:0006088]
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000178 ! blood
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001359 ! cerebrospinal fluid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003211
name: median ocellus
def: "The ocellus that is is located medially on the cranium[HAO]. The number, form, and function of the dorsal ocelli varies markedly throughout insect orders. They tend to be larger and more strongly expressed in flying insects (particularly bees, wasps, dragonflies and locusts), where they are typically found as a triplet. Two lateral ocelli are directed to the left and right of the head respectively, while a central (median) ocellus is directed frontally. In some terrestrial insects (e.g. some ants and cockroaches), only two lateral ocelli are present: the median ocellus is absent. Note that the unfortunately labelled 'lateral ocelli' here refers to the sideways facing position of the ocelli, which are of the dorsal type. They should not be confused with the lateral ocelli of some insect larvae (see stemmata)[Wikipedia]." [HAO:0000526, Wikipedia:Ocellus#Ocelli]
xref: FBbt:00004507 ! medial ocellus
xref: HAO:0000526 ! median ocellus
is_a: UBERON:0003161 ! dorsal ocellus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003212
name: gustatory organ
def: "Any sense organ that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050912)." [FBC:auto_generated_definition]
synonym: "taste organ" EXACT []
synonym: "gustatory organ system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gustatory system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of gustatory organ system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of gustatory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of taste system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "taste system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FBbt:00005159 ! gustatory sensory organ
xref: FMA:77853 ! Gustatory organ
is_a: UBERON:0000005 ! chemosensory sensory organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: has_function_in GO:0050912 ! detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001033 ! gustatory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003214
name: mammary gland alveolus
def: "a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland[GO]." [GO:0060749]
synonym: "lactiferous alveolus" EXACT []
synonym: "lactiferous gland alveolus" EXACT []
synonym: "mammary alveolus" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolus of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "alveolus of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "alveolus of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "alveolus of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast alveolus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland alveolus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:73285 ! Alveolus of lactiferous gland
xref: MA:0002760 ! mammary gland alveolus
is_a: UBERON:0003215 ! alveolus
intersection_of: UBERON:0003215 ! alveolus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001912 ! lobule of lactiferous gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003215
name: alveolus
def: "organ part that has the form of a hollow cavity[WP]." [Wikipedia:Alveolus]
xref: FMA:82493 ! Alveolus
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveolus ! Alveolus
xref: EFO:0002513 ! alveolus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwN8NFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! alveolus
xref: EV:0100043 ! alveolus (also: UBERON:0002299 'alveolus of lung')
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
property_value: has_relational_adjective "alveolar" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0034051

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003218
name: ovary septum
def: "Septum that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s)[GO]." [GO:0080126]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000992

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003219
name: shell septum
def: "Septum that divides the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids." [GO:0080126, Wikipedia:Septum_(marine_biology)]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006612 ! shell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006611 ! exoskeleton
name: exoskeleton
def: "Exoskeleton or shell, including those of mollusks, turtles, insects and crustaceans." [Wikipedia:Exoskeleton]
comment: Usage notes: not to be confused with dermal skeleton
synonym: "shell" RELATED [BTO:0004659]
synonym: "test" NARROW []
synonym: "lorica" NARROW [Wikipedia:Lorica_(biology)]
xref: BTO:0004659 ! exoskeleton
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
subset: grouping_class
property_value: has_relational_adjective "exoskeletal" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006612
name: shell
def: "A rigid covering that envelops an object." [Wikipedia:Seashell, ncithesaurus:Shell]
comment: Editor notes: may be obsoleted after integumental system overhaul
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
xref: ncithesaurus:Shell ! Shell
subset: grouping_class

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001002
name: cuticle
def: "tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Cuticles are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure and chemical composition[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cuticle, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3348965&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
comment: TODO - check cuticle vs exoskeleton. Note that GO has a very generic definition of cuticle. See also arthropod-anatomy ontology. Note in ncit Cuticle is a plant part
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuticula" RELATED [BTO:0001600]
xref: BTO:0001600 ! cuticle
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004882 ! eponychium
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cuticular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001001
name: chitin-based cuticle
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00004970
def: "The main structural component of arthropod cuticle is a polysaccharide, chitin, composed of N-acetylglucosamine units, together with proteins and lipids[WP]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Cuticle#Invertebrate_zoology, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3348965&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
comment: TODO - split from exoskeleton? Also: See above sf item to see if this belongs in GO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arthropod cuticle" RELATED []
synonym: "exoskeleton" BROAD []
synonym: "insect cuticle" RELATED []
synonym: "cuticle" NARROW [FBbt:00004970]
xref: HAO:0000240 ! cuticle
xref: FBbt:00004970 ! cuticle
xref: EFO:0000944 ! exoskeleton
xref: MAT:0000150 ! exoskeleton
xref: MIAA:0000150 ! exoskeleton
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkBTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! exoskeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0001002 ! cuticle
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CHEBI:17029 ! chitin
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007376 ! outer epithelial layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003221
name: phalanx
def: "Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits." [VSAO:0000199, Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones]
comment: Taxon notes: In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three[WP]
synonym: "phalanx bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones]
synonym: "phalanges" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "phalange" EXACT []
synonym: "digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000304 ! phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Phalanx ! Phalanx
xref: galen:Phalanx ! phalanx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvolPZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002544 ! digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010543 ! acropodial skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010701 ! phalanx cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:290029003 ! Entire phalanx
xref: VSAO:0000199 ! phalanx
property_value: has_relational_adjective "phalangeal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0222682

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003224
name: chorion syncytiotrophoblast
comment: todo - check
xref: EHDAA:156 ! syncytiotrophoblast
xref: EHDAA2:0001973 ! chorion syncytiotrophoblast
intersection_of: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003124 ! chorion
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000371 {source="Obol"} ! syncytiotrophoblast
def: "An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a syncytiotrophoblast and is part of a chorion." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003229
name: epithelium of elbow
def: "An epithelium that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cubital region epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cubital region epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elbow epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elbow epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of elbow" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4168 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA:6214 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0001044 ! elbow epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000430 ! elbow epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17415 ! epithelium of elbow
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001461 ! elbow
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003230
name: epithelium of carpal region
def: "An epithelium that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "carpal region epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "carpal region epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of carpal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of wrist" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of wrist" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wrist epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wrist epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5198 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000219 ! carpal region epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003231
name: epithelium of hip
def: "An epithelium that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of hip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip region epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip region epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5155 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA:6180 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000779 ! hip epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000784 ! hip epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17491 ! epithelium of hip
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001464 ! hip
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003371 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic appendage bud ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003232
name: epithelium of knee
def: "An epithelium that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of knee" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "knee epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "knee epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5161 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA:6186 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000810 ! knee epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000896 ! knee epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17494 ! epithelium of knee
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001465 ! knee
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003371 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic appendage bud ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003233
name: epithelium of shoulder
def: "An epithelium that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4182 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA:6230 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000761 ! shoulder epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001835 ! shoulder epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17422 ! epithelium of shoulder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003235
name: epithelium of upper jaw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8027 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0002119 ! upper jaw epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17943 ! epithelium of molar of tooth of upper jaw (also: UBERON:0005653 'upper jaw molar epithelium')
xref: EMAPA:18971 ! epithelium of gum of upper jaw
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003236
name: epithelium of lower jaw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:7999 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000802 ! lower jaw epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001019 ! lower jaw epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17922 ! epithelium of molar of tooth of lower jaw (also: UBERON:0005654 'lower jaw molar epithelium')
xref: EMAPA:18968 ! epithelium of gum of lower jaw
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003238
name: epithelium of superior semicircular canal
def: "An epithelium that is part of an anterior semicircular canal [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior semicircular canal epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior semicircular canal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of anterior semicircular canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of superior semicircular canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of anterior semicircular canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior semicircular canal epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior semicircular canal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:7806 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0001039 ! superior semicircular canal epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001961 ! superior semicircular canal epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17301 ! epithelium of superior semicircular canal (also: UBERON:0003241 'epithelium of utricle')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001841 ! anterior semicircular canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003239
name: epithelium of posterior semicircular canal
def: "An epithelium that is part of a posterior semicircular canal [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of posterior semicircular canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior semicircular canal epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "posterior semicircular canal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:7800 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000758 ! posterior semicircular canal epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001491 ! posterior semicircular canal epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17298 ! epithelium of posterior semicircular canal (also: UBERON:0003241 'epithelium of utricle')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001842 ! posterior semicircular canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003240
name: epithelium of lateral semicircular canal
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lateral semicircular canal [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lateral semicircular canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral semicircular canal epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral semicircular canal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:7794 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000480 ! lateral semicircular canal epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000922 ! lateral semicircular canal epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17823 ! epithelium of lateral semicircular canal (also: UBERON:0003241 'epithelium of utricle')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001843 ! lateral semicircular canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000054 ! macula
name: macula
def: "Thickened areas of the saccule or utricle where the termination of the vestibular nerve occurs[MESH,modified]." [MESH:A09.246.631.909.625.125]
comment: Usage notes: this refers to the inner ear structure, not the macula of the retina. We follow ZFA in including a grouping class for the macula of utricle and sacule
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "macula" EXACT []
synonym: "maculae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "sensory macula" EXACT [ZFA:0000386]
synonym: "sensory patch" EXACT [ZFA:0000386]
synonym: "acoustic macula" RELATED  [MESH:A09.246.631.909.625.125]
synonym: "acoustic maculae" RELATED PLURAL  [MESH:A09.246.631.909.625.125]
xref: TAO:0000386 ! macula
xref: ZFA:0000386 ! macula
xref: GAID:777 ! acoustic maculae
xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.625.125  ! acoustic maculae
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear
relationship: has_part GO:0070451 ! cell hair
property_value: external_definition "Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000386", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "macular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002212
name: macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth
def: "The saccule is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs; it is globular in form, and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Its anterior part exhibits an oval thickening, the macula of saccule (or saccular macula), to which are distributed the saccular filaments of the acoustic nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Macula_of_saccule]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "macula of saccule" EXACT []
synonym: "saccular macula of membranous labyrinth" EXACT []
synonym: "saccular maculs" RELATED []
synonym: "macula of membranous labyrinth saccule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "macula of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous labyrinth saccule macula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "saccule macula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "saccule of membranous labyrinth macula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) macula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "macula saccule" EXACT [ZFA:0007000]
synonym: "saccular macula" EXACT [ZFA:0007000]
xref: FMA:74944 ! Macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth
xref: MA:0001201 ! macula of saccule
xref: ZFA:0007000 ! macula saccule
xref: ncithesaurus:Macula_of_Saccule ! Macula of Saccule
intersection_of: UBERON:0000054 ! macula
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001854 ! saccule of membranous labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001854 ! saccule of membranous labyrinth
synonym: "macula sacculi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74944]
xref: SCTID:362572004 ! Entire macula of saccule
xref: XAO:0004136 ! saccular macula
xref: TAO:0007000 ! macula saccule
synonym: "macula sacculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Macula_of_saccule]
xref: UMLS:C0229468

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002214
name: macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth
def: "The portion of the utricle which is lodged in the recess forms a sort of pouch or cul-de-sac, the floor and anterior wall of which are thickened, and form the macula of utricle (or utricular macula), which receives the utricular filaments of the vestibulocochlear nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Macula_of_utricle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "macula of utricle" EXACT []
synonym: "utricular macula" RELATED []
synonym: "macula of membranous labyrinth utricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "macula of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous labyrinth utricle macula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utricle macula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utricle of membranous labyrinth macula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) macula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "macula utricle" EXACT [ZFA:0000030]
xref: FMA:74960 ! Macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth
xref: MA:0001203 ! macula of utricle
xref: ZFA:0000030 ! macula utricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Macula_of_Utricle ! Macula of Utricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg/200px-Bigotolith.jpg
xref: EFO:0003474 ! macula utricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000054 ! macula
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001853 ! utricle of membranous labyrinth
synonym: "macula utriculi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74960]
xref: SCTID:362568003 ! Entire macula of utricle
xref: TAO:0000030 ! macula utricle
synonym: "macula utriculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Macula_of_utricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Bigotolith.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0229451

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003241 ! epithelium of utricle
name: epithelium of utricle
def: "An epithelium that is part of a utricle of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - check relationships w.r.t macula
synonym: "epithelial tissue of membranous labyrinth utricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of utricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of utricle of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of membranous labyrinth utricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of utricle of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous labyrinth utricle epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous labyrinth utricle epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utricle epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utricle epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utricle of membranous labyrinth epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth" NARROW [FMA:75604]
xref: EHDAA:4730 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000634 ! utricle epithelium
xref: MA:0001204 ! utricle epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002155 ! utricle epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17295 ! epithelium of utricle
xref: EMAPA:17298 ! epithelium of posterior semicircular canal (also: UBERON:0003239 'epithelium of posterior semicircular canal')
xref: EMAPA:17301 ! epithelium of superior semicircular canal (also: UBERON:0003238 'epithelium of superior semicircular canal')
xref: EMAPA:17820 ! epithelium of crus commune (also: UBERON:0005657 'crus commune epithelium')
xref: EMAPA:17823 ! epithelium of lateral semicircular canal (also: UBERON:0003240 'epithelium of lateral semicircular canal')
xref: FMA:75604 ! epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth
is_a: UBERON:0006934 ! sensory epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0006932 {source="FMA"} ! vestibular epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001853 ! utricle of membranous labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002214 {source="FMA"} ! macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth
relationship: has_part CL:0002316 {source="FMA"} ! supporting cell of vestibular epithelium
relationship: has_part CL:1000379 {source="FMA"} ! type 1 vestibular sensory cell of epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth
relationship: has_part CL:1000383 {source="FMA"} ! type 2 vestibular sensory cell of epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003242 ! epithelium of saccule
name: epithelium of saccule
def: "An epithelium that is part of a saccule of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - check relationships w.r.t macula
synonym: "epithelial tissue of membranous labyrinth saccule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of saccule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of saccule of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of membranous labyrinth saccule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of saccule of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous labyrinth saccule epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous labyrinth saccule epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "saccule epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "saccule epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "saccule of membranous labyrinth epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis) epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth" RELATED [FMA:75605]
xref: EHDAA:4724 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000633 ! saccule epithelium
xref: MA:0001202 ! saccule epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001771 ! saccule epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17292 ! epithelium of saccule
xref: FMA:75605 ! epithelium of macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth
is_a: UBERON:0006934 ! sensory epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001854 ! saccule of membranous labyrinth
relationship: has_part CL:0002316 {source="FMA"} ! supporting cell of vestibular epithelium
relationship: has_part CL:1000380 {source="FMA"} ! type 1 vestibular sensory cell of epithelium of macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth
relationship: has_part CL:1000384 {source="FMA"} ! type 2 vestibular sensory cell of epithelium of macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009969
name: stato-acoustic epithelium
comment: Editor note: required by CL
is_a: UBERON:0006934 {source="FMA"} ! sensory epithelium
xref: FMA:64804 ! stato-acoustic epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003243
name: epithelium of cochlear duct
def: "An epithelium that is part of a cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Reissner's canal epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Reissner's canal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear duct epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of Reissner's canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of cochlear duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of Reissner's canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4722 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000640 ! cochlear duct epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000264 ! cochlear duct epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17600 ! epithelium of cochlear duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth


[Term]
id: UBERON:0011272
name: embryonic skin basal layer
comment: Editor notes: compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm'
synonym: "outer epithelium of body" RELATED [Wikipathways:WP2062]
synonym: "basal cell layer of skin" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 {source="EHDAA2"} ! integument
xref: EHDAA2:0001845 ! skin basal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003244
name: epithelium of mammary gland
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lactiferous gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0001430]
synonym: "epithelium of lactiferous gland" EXACT [FMA:74445]
xref: EHDAA:6526 ! epithelium
xref: FMA:74445 ! Epithelium of lactiferous gland
xref: VHOG:0001088 ! mammary gland epithelium
xref: MA:0000792 ! mammary gland epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001057 ! mammary gland epithelium
xref: BTO:0001430 ! mammary epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17760 ! epithelium of mammary gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005200 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="EHDAA2"} ! thoracic mammary gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="EHDAA2", source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer
xref: ncithesaurus:Mammary_Epithelium ! Mammary Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0596882

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006954
name: mammary myoepithelium
synonym: "lactiferous ductal myo-epithelium" EXACT [FMA:67798]
synonym: "myoepithelium of lactiferous duct" EXACT [FMA:67798]
synonym: "myo-epithelium of lactiferous duct" EXACT [FMA:67798]
xref: BTO:0002310 ! mammary myoepithelium
xref: FMA:67798 ! myo-epithelium of lactiferous duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000420 ! myoepithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland
relationship: has_part CL:1000419 {source="FMA"} ! myoepithelial cell of lactiferous duct
def: "A myoepithelium that is part of a mammary gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003246
name: epithelium of endolymphatic sac
def: "An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic sac [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endolymphatic sac epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endolymphatic sac epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of endolymphatic sac" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:7765 ! epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000443 ! endolymphatic sac epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17595 ! epithelium of endolymphatic sac
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002223 ! endolymphatic sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003247
name: epithelium of forearm
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower arm epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower arm epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4174 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA:6220 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0001096 ! forearm epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000554 ! forearm epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17418 ! epithelium of forearm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forearm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010130 ! autopod plate
name: autopod plate
synonym: "limb plate" EXACT []
def: "the distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. manus, pes, paw)" [MP:0004576, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3519614&group_id=76834&atid=1109502]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004347 ! limb bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006871 ! footplate
alt_id: UBERON:0004343
name: footplate
comment: AO notes: EHDAA2 does not have a single class for footplate, but includes epithelium, mesenchyme and AER
synonym: "foot plate" EXACT []
synonym: "foot disk" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA:5143 ! footplate
xref: EHDAA:6096 ! footplate
xref: EMAPA:17249 ! footplate
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Plate ! Foot Plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0010130 ! autopod plate
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005418 ! hindlimb bud
def: "An autopod plate that develops_into a pes." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1517291

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003328
alt_id: UBERON:0005260
name: mesenchyme of footplate
xref: EHDAA:5149 ! mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:6172 ! mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000549 ! footplate mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17252 ! mesenchyme of footplate
xref: VHOG_RETIRED:0001055
synonym: "foot plate mesenchyme" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006871 ! footplate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003412 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hindlimb bud mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a footplate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006875 ! handplate
name: handplate
synonym: "hand plate" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17245 ! handplate
xref: EHDAA:4194 ! handplate
xref: EHDAA:6242 ! handplate
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Plate ! Hand Plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0010130 ! autopod plate
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005417 ! forelimb bud
def: "An autopod plate that develops_into a manus." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1512334

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009523
name: mesenchyme of handplate
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "handplate mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000731]
synonym: "hand plate mesenchyme" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006875 ! handplate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003413 {source="EHDAA2"} ! forelimb bud mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000731 ! handplate mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17248 ! mesenchyme of handplate
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a handplate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003248
name: epithelium of footplate
xref: EHDAA:5145 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA:6144 ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000548 ! footplate epithelium
synonym: "footplate epithelium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000548]
synonym: "foot plate epithelium" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006871 ! footplate
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm
def: "An epithelium that is part of a footplate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010332
name: epithelium of handplate
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006875 ! handplate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000730 ! handplate epithelium
synonym: "handplate epithelium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000730]
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm
def: "An epithelium that is part of a handplate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003249 ! epithelium of otic placode
name: epithelium of otic placode
def: "An epithelium that is part of a otic placode [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: editor note - check ZFA, placemeant, appears to refer to both adult structures and primordium
synonym: "epithelial tissue of otic placode" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "otic placode epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "otic placode epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "otic epithelium" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EHDAA:510 ! epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000636 ! otic placode epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001341 ! otic placode epithelium
xref: EMAPA:16197 ! epithelium of otic placode
xref: ZFA:0007068 ! otic epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003069 ! otic placode


[Term]
id: UBERON:0003255
name: obsolete ectoderm of embryo
comment: deleted because the original definition was unclear. Me may reconstitute this and to distinguish extramebryonic from embryonic germ layers. See amniotic ectoderm and amniotic mesoderm
synonym: "developmental tissue ectoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ectoderm of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo ectoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:132 ! ectoderm
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003256
name: obsolete endoderm of embryo
comment: deleted because the original definition was unclear. Me may reconstitute this and to distinguish extramebryonic from embryonic germ layers. See amniotic ectoderm and amniotic mesoderm
synonym: "developmental tissue endoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo endoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endoderm of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:94 ! endoderm
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003257
name: yolk sac endoderm
comment: TODO - check
xref: EHDAA:166 ! endoderm
xref: VHOG:0000626 ! yolk sac endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0002215 ! yolk sac endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16086 ! endoderm of yolk sac
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extraembryonic structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
def: "An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a endoderm and is part of a yolk sac." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003258
name: endoderm of foregut
def: "An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "foregut endoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:524 ! endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000566 ! lower foregut region endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001041 ! foregut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003259
name: endoderm of midgut
def: "An endoderm that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "midgut endoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:987 ! endoderm
xref: VHOG:0001080 ! midgut endoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001194 ! midgut endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16257 ! endoderm of midgut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001045 ! midgut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003260
name: endoderm of hindgut
def: "An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "hindgut endoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:979 ! endoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000781 ! hindgut endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003264
name: mesoderm of yolk sac
def: "A mesoderm that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "yolk sac mesoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:168 ! mesoderm (also: UBERON:0000926 'mesoderm')
xref: VHOG:0000617 ! yolk sac mesoderm
xref: EMAPA:16087 ! mesoderm of yolk sac
intersection_of: UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004920
name: obsolete mesoderm of gonad
def: "A mesoderm that is part of a gonad [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad mesoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonadal mesoderm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003267
name: tooth of upper jaw
def: "A calcareous tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor notes: Note that we follow EHDAA2 and consider teeth part of the jaw skeleton
xref: EHDAA:8045 ! tooth
xref: MA:0001909 ! upper jaw tooth
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Tooth ! Upper Jaw Tooth
xref: EHDAA2:0002129 ! upper jaw tooth (also: UBERON:0009680 'set of upper jaw teeth')
xref: EMAPA:17938 ! tooth of upper jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009680 ! set of upper jaw teeth
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0011597 ! bone of upper jaw
synonym: "upper jaw tooth" EXACT [MA:0001909]
xref: UMLS:C1710581

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003268
name: tooth of lower jaw
def: "A calcareous tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "calcareous tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "calcareous tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dentine containing tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dentine containing tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw calcareous tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw dentine containing tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw vertebrate tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch calcareous tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch dentine containing tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch vertebrate tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8009 ! tooth (also: UBERON:0001091 'calcareous tooth')
xref: MA:0001907 ! lower jaw tooth
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Tooth ! Lower Jaw Tooth
xref: EHDAA2:0001029 ! lower jaw tooth (also: UBERON:0009679 'set of lower jaw teeth')
xref: EMAPA:17917 ! tooth of lower jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009679 ! set of lower jaw teeth
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0004768 ! bone of lower jaw
xref: UMLS:C1708757

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009679 ! set of lower jaw teeth
name: set of lower jaw teeth
synonym: "arcus dentalis inferior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "lower dental arcade" EXACT  [FMA:55635]
synonym: "set of all lower teeth" EXACT  [FMA:55635]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw
xref: EHDAA2:0001029 ! lower jaw teeth (also: UBERON:0003268 'tooth of lower jaw')
xref: FMA:55635 ! mandibular dental arcade
synonym: "lower jaw teeth" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001029]
synonym: "mandibular dental arcade" RELATED [FMA:55635]
def: "A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of lower jaw." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009680 ! set of upper jaw teeth
name: set of upper jaw teeth
synonym: "arcus dentalis superior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of all upper teeth" EXACT  [FMA:55634]
synonym: "upper dental arcade" EXACT  [FMA:55634]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw
xref: EHDAA2:0002129 ! upper jaw teeth (also: UBERON:0003267 'tooth of upper jaw')
xref: FMA:55634 ! maxillary dental arcade
synonym: "upper jaw teeth" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002129]
synonym: "maxillary dental arcade" RELATED [FMA:55634]
def: "A tooth row that is part of a skeleton of upper jaw." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003269
name: skeletal muscle of eye
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eye skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eye skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eye skeletal muscle group" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000486]
xref: EHDAA:2923 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0001134 'skeletal muscle tissue')
xref: EHDAA2:0000486 ! eye skeletal muscle group
xref: EMAPA:17844 ! skeletal muscle of eye
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003270
name: skeletal muscle of leg
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tetrapod leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "leg skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "leg skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8291 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0001134 'skeletal muscle tissue')
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000974 ! leg skeletal muscle
xref: EMAPA:19318 ! skeletal muscle of lower leg
xref: EMAPA:19144 ! skeletal muscle of upper leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004466 {source="reference_0000032"} ! musculature of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003271
name: skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of girdle-pelvic" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of girdle-pelvic" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of pelvic girdle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of pelvic girdle bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8326 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0001134 'skeletal muscle tissue')
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001430 ! pelvic girdle skeletal muscle
xref: EMAPA:18185 ! skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle of vertebral axis muscle system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="reference_0000032"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003272
name: skeletal muscle of arm
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8277 ! skeletal muscle (also: UBERON:0001134 'skeletal muscle tissue')
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000142 ! arm skeletal muscle
xref: EMAPA:19107 ! skeletal muscle of upper arm
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004474 {source="reference_0000032"} ! musculature of arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003276
name: skeleton of embryo
def: "A skeletal system that is part of a embryo [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue set of all bones" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue set of bones of body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue skeletal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue skeleton system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo set of all bones" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo set of bones of body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo skeletal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo skeleton system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of all bones of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of all bones of embryo" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of bones of body of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of bones of body of embryo" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal system of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal system of embryo" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeleton of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeleton system of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeleton system of embryo" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5047 ! skeleton (also: UBERON:0004288 'skeleton')
xref: EMAPA:17213 ! skeleton of embryo
intersection_of: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003279
name: endothelium of trachea
synonym: "endothelium of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:3082 ! endothelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002068 ! trachea endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
def: "An endothelium that is part of a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003280
name: endothelium of main bronchus
def: "An endothelium that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:3076 ! endothelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001046 ! main bronchus endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003885
name: mesometrium
def: "A mesentery that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of uterus" RELATED [http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html, FMA:19816, MA:0002931]
xref: FMA:19816 ! mesometrium [subclass: "region of mesentery"]
xref: MA:0002931 ! mesometrium [part_of: "uterus"]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000995 {source="MA"} ! uterus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012332 ! broad ligament of uterus
xref: SCTID:250172001 ! Entire mesometrium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000459 {source="reference_0000032"} ! uterine wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003282
name: mesentery of heart
def: "A mesentery that surrounds the heart." [MA:th]
synonym: "heart mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesocardium" RELATED [MA:0000098]
xref: EHDAA:432 ! mesentery
xref: VHOG:0000353 ! heart mesentery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000739 ! heart mesentery
xref: EMAPA:16212 ! mesentery of heart
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010277
name: mesocardium
def: "The part of the embryonic mesentery which connects the embryonic heart with the body wall in front and the foregut behind." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mesocardium]
comment: Editor notes: consider merging with heart mesentery
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 {source="MA"} ! heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003282 ! mesentery of heart
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001074 ! pericardial cavity
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004873 {source="EHDAA2"} ! splanchnopleure
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mesocardial" xsd:string
xref: MA:0000098 ! mesocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005601
name: dorsal mesocardium
def: "the part of the mesocardium dorsal to the embryonic heart; it breaks down to form the transverse sinus of the pericardium." [MA:th]
xref: MA:0000482 ! dorsal mesocardium
xref: EHDAA2:0000413 ! dorsal mesocardium
xref: EMAPA:16213 ! dorsal mesocardium
xref: VHOG:0000432 ! dorsal mesocardium
xref: EHDAA:434 ! dorsal mesocardium
is_a: UBERON:0010277 {source="MA"} ! mesocardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003282 {source="MA"} ! mesentery of heart
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004873 {source="EHDAA2"} ! splanchnopleure
xref: SCTID:361454005 ! Dorsal mesocardium
property_value: external_definition "The mesentery of the embryonic heart. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000432", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003283
name: mesentery of oesophagus
def: "A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:2943 ! mesentery
xref: VHOG:0000415 ! oesophagus mesentery
xref: MA:0001569 ! esophagus mesentery
xref: EHDAA2:0001288 ! oesophagus mesentery
xref: EMAPA:16836 ! mesentery of oesophagus of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18864 ! mesentery of oesophagus of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000415", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003284
name: mesentery of midgut
def: "A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midgut mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:3031 ! mesentery
xref: VHOG:0000413 ! midgut mesentery
xref: EHDAA2:0001202 ! midgut mesentery
xref: EMAPA:16721 ! mesentery of midgut
xref: EMAPA:17039 ! mesentery of loop
xref: EMAPA:17045 ! mesentery of rest of midgut
xref: EMAPA:17197 ! mesentery of caudal part of duodenum of midgut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000413", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003285 ! limb of embryo
name: obsolete limb of embryo
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0002101 ! limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003286
name: foregut region of duodenum
synonym: "foregut duodenum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:3830 ! duodenum
xref: EHDAA2:0000560 ! foregut duodenum
xref: EMAPA:17178 ! duodenum of foregut
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001041 ! foregut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003287
name: midgut region of duodenum
synonym: "midgut duodenum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:3937 ! duodenum
xref: EHDAA2:0001189 ! midgut duodenum
xref: EMAPA:17193 ! duodenum of midgut
is_a: UBERON:0004921 ! subdivision of digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 ! midgut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003288
name: meninx of midbrain
comment: Editor notes: consider changing genus to subdivision of meninx
def: "A meninx that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of midbrain" EXACT PLURAL [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain meninges" EXACT PLURAL [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:3708 ! meninges
xref: MA:0001058 ! midbrain meninges
xref: VHOG:0000012 ! midbrain meninges
xref: EHDAA2:0001174 ! midbrain meninges
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001109 ! mesencephalon meninges
xref: EMAPA:17791 ! meninges of midbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
synonym: "mesencephalon meninges" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000012]
property_value: external_definition "Meninges that are part of the midbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000012", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000012", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003289
name: meninx of telencephalon
comment: Editor notes: consider changing genus to subdivision of meninx
def: "A meninx that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of telencephalon" EXACT PLURAL [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "telencephalon meninges" EXACT PLURAL [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "telencephalon meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5476 ! meninges
xref: MA:0000979 ! telencephalon meninges
xref: VHOG:0000010 ! telencephalon meninges
xref: EHDAA2:0001990 ! telencephalon meninges
xref: EMAPA:17774 ! meninges of telencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003548 'forebrain meninges')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Meninges that are part of the telencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000010", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000010", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003290
name: meninx of diencephalon
comment: Editor notes: consider changing genus to subdivision of meninx
def: "A meninx that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain meninges" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon meninges" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain meninges" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon meninges" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninx of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninx of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninx of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5458 ! meninges
xref: MA:0000826 ! diencephalon meninges
xref: VHOG:0000009 ! diencephalon meninges
xref: EHDAA2:0000399 ! diencephalon meninges
xref: EMAPA:17764 ! meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003548 'forebrain meninges')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Meninges that are part of the diencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000009", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000009", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010091
name: future hindbrain meninges
is_a: UBERON:0007524 ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003291 ! meninx of hindbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000610 ! future hindbrain meninges
def: "A multi-tissue structure that develops_into a meninx of hindbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003291
name: meninx of hindbrain
comment: Editor notes: consider changing genus to subdivision of meninx
def: "A meninx that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindbrain meninges" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindbrain meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of hindbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:3688 ! meninges
xref: MA:0000987 ! hindbrain meninges
xref: VHOG:0000011 ! hindbrain meninges
xref: EHDAA2:0000770 ! hindbrain meninges
xref: EMAPA:17783 ! meninges of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010091 {evidence="definitional"} ! future hindbrain meninges
synonym: "rhomencephalon meninges" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0000011]
property_value: external_definition "Meninges that are part of the hindbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000011", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000011", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003292
name: meninx of spinal cord
def: "A meninx that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal meninges" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "spinal meninx" EXACT []
synonym: "menines of spinal cord" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "meninges of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord meninges" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:2865 ! meninges
xref: MA:0001130 ! spinal cord meninges
xref: VHOG:0000443 ! spinal cord meninges
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Meninges ! Spinal Meninges
xref: EHDAA2:0001895 ! spinal cord meninges
xref: EMAPA:17804 ! meninges of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:181097002 ! Entire meninges of spinal cord
property_value: external_definition "Meninges that are part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000443", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000443", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0037938


[Term]
id: UBERON:0010047
alt_id: UBERON:0003293
name: oral gland
def: "Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here
synonym: "buccal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "gland of oral opening" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of oral part of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of subdivision of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral opening gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of face gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral region gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral cavity gland" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of mouth gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:2181 ! gland (also: UBERON:0002530 'gland')
xref: VHOG:0000652 ! oral region gland
xref: EHDAA2:0001327 ! oral region gland
xref: EMAPA:16572 ! gland of stomatodaeum
xref: EMAPA:16723 ! gland of oral region
xref: SCTID:25421004 ! Buccal gland
is_a: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003294
name: gland of foregut
def: "A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foregut gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:950 ! gland
xref: VHOG:0000650 ! foregut gland
xref: EHDAA2:0000567 ! foregut gland
xref: EMAPA:16557 ! gland of foregut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001041 ! foregut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003296
name: gland of diencephalon
def: "A gland that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4475 ! gland (also: UBERON:0002530 'gland')
xref: VHOG:0000653 ! diencephalon gland
xref: EHDAA2:0000395 ! diencephalon gland
xref: EMAPA:16646 ! gland of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16897 ! gland of diencephalon of forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003297
name: gland of integumental system
def: "A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "integumental system gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:6522 ! gland (also: UBERON:0002530 'gland')
xref: VHOG:0000654 ! integumental system gland
xref: MA:0000144 ! integumental system gland
xref: EHDAA2:0000837 ! integumental system gland
xref: EMAPA:17758 ! gland of integumental system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003298
name: roof plate of neural tube
def: "A roof plate that is part of a neural tube [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neural tube roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neural tube roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of neural tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate neural tube region" EXACT [ZFA:0001436]
xref: EHDAA:2891 ! roof plate
xref: EHDAA:916 ! roof plate
xref: ZFA:0001436 ! roof plate neural tube
xref: VHOG:0000303 ! roof plate neural tube
xref: EHDAA2:0001270 ! neural tube roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16168 ! roof plate of neural tube of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16535 ! roof plate of neural tube of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003054 ! roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
xref: TAO:0001436 ! roof plate neural tube
synonym: "roof plate neural tube" EXACT [VHOG:0000303]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003299
name: roof plate of midbrain
def: "A roof plate that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "midbrain roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate midbrain region" EXACT [ZFA:0000355]
xref: EHDAA:3712 ! roof plate
xref: ZFA:0000355 ! roof plate midbrain
xref: VHOG:0000772 ! roof plate midbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0001177 ! midbrain roof plate
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001111 ! mesencephalon roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16981 ! roof plate of midbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003054 ! roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
xref: TAO:0000355 ! roof plate midbrain
synonym: "roof plate midbrain" EXACT [VHOG:0000772]
synonym: "roof plate mesencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0000772]
synonym: "roofplate midbrain" RELATED [VHOG:0000772]
property_value: external_definition "Roof plate that is part of the midbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000772", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003300
name: roof plate of telencephalon
def: "A roof plate that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of telencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "telencephalon roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "telencephalon roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:3512 ! roof plate
xref: VHOG:0000774 ! roof plate telencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001994 ! telencephalon roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16657 ! roof plate of telencephalon of future forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003054 ! roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
synonym: "roof plate telencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0000774]
synonym: "roofplate medulla telencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0000774]
property_value: external_definition "Roof plate that is part of the telencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000774", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003301
name: roof plate of diencephalon
def: "A roof plate that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "between brain roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate diencephalic region" EXACT [ZFA:0001358]
xref: EHDAA:1979 ! roof plate
xref: EHDAA:2657 ! roof plate
xref: EHDAA:3494 ! roof plate
xref: ZFA:0001358 ! roof plate diencephalon
xref: VHOG:0000771 ! roof plate diencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0000402 ! diencephalon roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16651 ! roof plate of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16909 ! roof plate of diencephalon of forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003054 ! roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: TAO:0001358 ! roof plate diencephalon
synonym: "roof plate diencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0000771]
synonym: "roofplate medulla diencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0000771]
property_value: external_definition "Roof plate that is part of the diencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000771", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003302
name: roof plate of metencephalon
def: "A roof plate that is part of a metencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epencephalon-2 roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epencephalon-2 roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metencephalon roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metencephalon roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate of epencephalon-2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of epencephalon-2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of metencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5524 ! roof plate
xref: VHOG:0000770 ! roof plate metencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001160 ! metencephalon roof plate
xref: EMAPA:17098 ! roof plate of rhombomere 01 of metencephalon (also: UBERON:0005568 'rhombomere 1 roof plate')
xref: EMAPA:17105 ! roof plate of rhombomere 02 of metencephalon (also: UBERON:0005572 'rhombomere 2 roof plate')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003054 ! roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon
synonym: "roof plate metencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0000770]
synonym: "roofplate medulla metencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0000770]
property_value: external_definition "Roof plate that is part of the metencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000770", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003303
name: roof plate of medulla oblongata
def: "A roof plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bulb roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bulb roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblongata roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblongata roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblonmgata roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblonmgata roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metepencephalon roof plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metepencephalon roofplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate of bulb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate of medulla oblonmgata" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof plate of metepencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of bulb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of medulla oblongata" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of medulla oblonmgata" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roofplate of metepencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:7614 ! roof plate
xref: VHOG:0000776 ! roof plate medulla oblongata
xref: EHDAA2:0001099 ! medulla oblongata roof plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003054 ! roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "roof plate medulla oblongata" EXACT [VHOG:0000776]
synonym: "roofplate medulla oblongata" RELATED [VHOG:0000776]
property_value: external_definition "Roof plate that is part of the medulla oblongata. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000776", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003307
name: floor plate of midbrain
def: "A floor plate that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floorplate of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate midbrain region" EXACT [ZFA:0001677]
xref: EHDAA:3698 ! floor plate
xref: ZFA:0001677 ! floor plate midbrain
xref: VHOG:0000780 ! floor plate midbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0001164 ! midbrain floor plate
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001106 ! mesencephalon floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16975 ! floor plate of midbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003079 ! floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
xref: TAO:0002196 ! floor plate midbrain region
property_value: external_definition "Floor plate that is part of the midbrain.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002196", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass multi-tissue structure (CARO:0000055) CHANGED TO: develops_from multi-tissue structure (UBERON:0000481)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002196", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: subclass multi-tissue structure (CARO:0000055) CHANGED TO: part_of multi-tissue structure (UBERON:0000481)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002196", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "floor plate midbrain" EXACT [VHOG:0000780]
synonym: "floor plate mesencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0000780]
synonym: "floorplate midbrain" RELATED [VHOG:0000780]
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the available data for tunicates, amphioxus, and vertebrates indicate that a floorplate-like structure was already present in the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates and that the genetic mechanisms for DV patterning of the nerve cord were also largely in place.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000780", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: EFO:0003567 ! basal plate midbrain region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003308
name: floor plate of telencephalon
def: "A floor plate that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floorplate of telencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "telencephalon floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "telencephalon floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate telencephalic region" EXACT [ZFA:0000914]
synonym: "floorplate telencephalon" EXACT [ZFA:0000914]
xref: EHDAA:3498 ! floor plate
xref: ZFA:0000914 ! floor plate telencephalon
xref: VHOG:0000783 ! floor plate telencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001983 ! telencephalon floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16655 ! floor plate of telencephalon of future forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003079 ! floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
xref: TAO:0000914 ! floor plate telencephalon
synonym: "floor plate telencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0000783]
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the available data for tunicates, amphioxus, and vertebrates indicate that a floorplate-like structure was already present in the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates and that the genetic mechanisms for DV patterning of the nerve cord were also largely in place.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000783", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003309
name: floor plate of diencephalon
def: "A floor plate that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "between brain floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate diencephalic region" EXACT [ZFA:0000871]
synonym: "floorplate diencephalon" EXACT [ZFA:0000871]
xref: EHDAA:1975 ! floor plate
xref: EHDAA:2651 ! floor plate
xref: EHDAA:3480 ! floor plate
xref: ZFA:0000871 ! floor plate diencephalon
xref: VHOG:0000782 ! floor plate diencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0000388 ! diencephalon floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16645 ! floor plate of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16903 ! floor plate of diencephalon of forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003079 ! floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: TAO:0000871 ! floor plate diencephalon
synonym: "floor plate diencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0000782]
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the available data for tunicates, amphioxus, and vertebrates indicate that a floorplate-like structure was already present in the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates and that the genetic mechanisms for DV patterning of the nerve cord were also largely in place.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000782", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003310
name: floor plate of metencephalon
def: "A floor plate that is part of a metencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epencephalon-2 floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epencephalon-2 floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate of epencephalon-2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of epencephalon-2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of metencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metencephalon floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metencephalon floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5500 ! floor plate
xref: VHOG:0000784 ! floor plate metencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001158 ! metencephalon floor plate
xref: EMAPA:17093 ! floor plate of rhombomere 01 of metencephalon (also: UBERON:0005566 'rhombomere 1 floor plate')
xref: EMAPA:17100 ! floor plate of rhombomere 02 of metencephalon (also: UBERON:0005570 'rhombomere 2 floor plate')
xref: EMAPA:17258 ! floor plate of metencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003079 ! floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon
synonym: "floor plate metencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0000784]
synonym: "floorplate metencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0000784]
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the available data for tunicates, amphioxus, and vertebrates indicate that a floorplate-like structure was already present in the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates and that the genetic mechanisms for DV patterning of the nerve cord were also largely in place.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000784", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003311
name: floor plate of medulla oblongata
def: "A floor plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bulb floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bulb floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate of bulb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate of medulla oblonmgata" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floor plate of metepencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of bulb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of medulla oblongata" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of medulla oblonmgata" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "floorplate of metepencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblongata floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblongata floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblonmgata floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla oblonmgata floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metepencephalon floor plate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metepencephalon floorplate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:7590 ! floor plate
xref: VHOG:0000786 ! floor plate medulla oblongata
xref: EHDAA2:0001097 ! medulla oblongata floor plate
xref: EMAPA:17551 ! floor plate of medulla oblongata
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003079 ! floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "floor plate medulla oblongata" EXACT [VHOG:0000786]
synonym: "floorplate medulla oblongata" RELATED [VHOG:0000786]
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the available data for tunicates, amphioxus, and vertebrates indicate that a floorplate-like structure was already present in the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates and that the genetic mechanisms for DV patterning of the nerve cord were also largely in place.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000786", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003312
name: mesenchyme of testis
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a testis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "testis mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8150 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001442 ! testis mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002010 ! testis mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000473 ! testis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009920
name: optic neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0007530 {source="EHDAA2"} ! migrating mesenchyme population
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007213 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0001315 ! optic neural crest
xref: EHDAA:1122 ! optic neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003314
name: eye mesenchyme
synonym: "mesenchyme of eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of
xref: EHDAA:2910 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001084 ! eye mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000485 ! eye mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16324 ! mesenchyme of optic eminence (also: UBERON:0005702 'optic eminence mesenchyme')
xref: EMAPA:16673 ! mesenchyme of eye
xref: EMAPA:17833 ! mesenchyme of lower of eyelid
xref: EMAPA:17836 ! mesenchyme of upper of eyelid
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009920 {source="EHDAA2"} ! optic neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a camera-type eye." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003315
name: mesenchyme of ovary
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a ovary [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ovary mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female reproductive system gonad mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female reproductive system gonada mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad of female reproductive system mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada of female reproductive system mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of female reproductive system gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of gonad of female reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of gonada of female reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8128 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001441 ! ovary mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001362 ! ovary mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003316
name: mesenchyme of yolk sac
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "yolk sac mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:205 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000503 ! yolk sac mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002216 ! yolk sac mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16267 ! mesenchyme of yolk sac
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003318
name: mesenchyme of elbow
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cubital region mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elbow mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4170 ! mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:6216 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001075 ! elbow mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000432 ! elbow mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17416 ! mesenchyme of elbow
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001461 ! elbow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003319 ! mesenchyme of carpal region
name: mesenchyme of carpal region
def: "Mesenchyme of the carpal region that conributes to the carpal skeleton." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "carpal region mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of wrist" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wrist mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "carpus mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5200 ! mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000220 ! carpal region mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18485 ! carpus of mesenchyme of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010695 ! mesenchyme of tarsal region
name: mesenchyme of tarsal region
def: "Mesenchyme of the carpal region that conributes to the tarsal skeleton." [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EMAPA:18500 ! tarsus of mesenchyme of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003320
name: mesenchyme of hip
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip region mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5157 ! mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:6182 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001029 ! hip mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000786 ! hip mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17492 ! mesenchyme of hip
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001464 ! hip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003321
name: mesenchyme of knee
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "knee mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5163 ! mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:6188 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001070 ! knee mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000898 ! knee mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17495 ! mesenchyme of knee
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001465 ! knee

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003322
name: mesenchyme of shoulder
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4184 ! mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:6232 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001035 ! shoulder mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001837 ! shoulder mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17423 ! mesenchyme of shoulder
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003323
name: mesenchyme of upper jaw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8031 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001099 ! upper jaw mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002124 ! upper jaw mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17929 ! mesenchyme of upper jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009526 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003324
name: mesenchyme of lower jaw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8003 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001069 ! lower jaw mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001024 ! lower jaw mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17916 ! mesenchyme of lower jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006905 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mandibular process mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003325
name: mesenchyme of pinna
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pinna [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auricle mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auricle of ear mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auricle of external ear mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auricula (auris externa) mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auricula mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of auricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of auricle of ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of auricle of external ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of auricula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of auricula (auris externa)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of pinna of ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pinna mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pinna of ear mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8981 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000747 ! pinna mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001469 ! pinna mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17591 ! mesenchyme of pinna
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001757 ! pinna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003326
name: mesenchyme of mammary gland
synonym: "mammary mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "lactiferous gland mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:6528 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0001087 ! mammary gland mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001058 ! mammary gland mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17761 ! mesenchyme of mammary gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a mammary gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003327
name: mesenchyme of forearm
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower arm mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4176 ! mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:6222 ! mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000504 ! forearm mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000555 ! forearm mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17419 ! mesenchyme of forearm
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002386 {source="EMAPA"} ! forelimb zeugopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003329
name: submucosa of anal canal
def: "A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical anal canal submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of anatomical anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:27535 ! submucosa of anal canal
xref: FMA:85399 ! Submucosa of anal canal
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
xref: SCTID:7892006 ! Structure of submucosa of anal canal
xref: EMAPA:27217 ! submucosa of caudal part of anal canal
xref: EMAPA:27227 ! submucosa of rostral part of anal canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003330
name: submucosa of rectum
def: "The submucous layer of the wall of the rectum." [BTO:0002114]
synonym: "rectum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:15034]
synonym: "tela submucosa recti" EXACT LATIN [BTO:0002114]
xref: EMAPA:27083 ! submucosa of rectum of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:27323 ! submucosa of rectum of gut
xref: FMA:15034 ! Submucosa of rectum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
xref: SCTID:71683001 ! Rectal submucosa
xref: BTO:0002114 ! tela submucosa recti

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003331
name: submucosa of colon
def: "A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colon submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colonic submucosa" EXACT [FMA:14985]
xref: EMAPA:27379 ! submucosa of colon
xref: FMA:14985 ! Submucosa of colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon
xref: SCTID:61647009 ! Colonic submucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003332
name: submucosa of duodenum
def: "A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "duodenum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "doudenal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:14943]
synonym: "duodenal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:14943]
xref: EMAPA:27239 ! submucosa of duodenum of gut
xref: FMA:14943 ! Submucosa of duodenum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: SCTID:76519004 ! Duodenal submucosa
xref: EMAPA:27027 ! submucosa of rostral part of duodenum of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27097 ! submucosa of caudal part of duodenum of midgut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003333
name: submucosa of jejunum
def: "A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:14950]
xref: EMAPA:27111 ! submucosa of jejunum of midgut
xref: EMAPA:27351 ! submucosa of jejunum of gut
xref: FMA:14950 ! Submucosa of jejunum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum
xref: SCTID:70192009 ! Jejunal submucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003334
name: serosa of rectum
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of rectum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectal serosa" EXACT [FMA:15039]
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of rectum" EXACT [FMA:15039]
xref: EMAPA:27087 ! serosa of rectum of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:27331 ! serosa of rectum of gut
xref: FMA:15039 ! Serosa of rectum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001052 ! rectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003335
name: serosa of colon
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colon serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colon serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colonic serosa" EXACT [FMA:14990]
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of colon" EXACT [FMA:14990]
xref: EMAPA:27387 ! serosa of colon
xref: FMA:14990 ! Serosa of colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon
xref: SCTID:90132000 ! Colonic serosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003336
name: serosa of duodenum
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Histology notes: 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia
synonym: "duodenum serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "duodenum serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of duodenum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "doudenal serosa" EXACT [FMA:14948]
synonym: "duodenal serosa" EXACT [FMA:14948]
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of duodenum" EXACT [FMA:14948]
xref: EMAPA:27247 ! serosa of duodenum of gut
xref: FMA:14948 ! Serosa of duodenum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: SCTID:1236009 ! Duodenal serosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003337
name: serosa of jejunum
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunum serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunum serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of jejunum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunal serosa" EXACT [FMA:14955]
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of jejunum" EXACT [FMA:14955]
xref: EMAPA:27115 ! serosa of jejunum of midgut
xref: EMAPA:27359 ! serosa of jejunum of gut
xref: FMA:14955 ! Serosa of jejunum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003340
name: obsolete urethra of urogenital sinus
is_obsolete: true
consider: EMAPA:30891 ! urethra of urogenital sinus of urinary system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003341
name: obsolete urethra of urinary system
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003342
name: mucosa of anal canal
def: "A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical anal canal mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical anal canal mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical anal canal organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of anatomical anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:74654]
synonym: "anal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:74654]
xref: EMAPA:27531 ! mucosa of anal canal
xref: FMA:74654 ! Mucosa of anal canal
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Anal_Mucosa ! Anal Mucosa
xref: SCTID:362170004 ! Entire mucous membrane of anal canal
xref: UMLS:C0227414

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003343
name: mucosa of oral region
def: "A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of oral opening" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of oral part of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of oral opening" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of oral part of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of oral region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of subdivision of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of oral opening" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of oral part of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of oral region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral opening mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral opening mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral opening mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral opening organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of face mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of face mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of face mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of face organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral region mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral region mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral region mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral region organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of oral opening" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of oral part of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of oral region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of mouth mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of mouth mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of mouth organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:26937 ! mucosa of oral region
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000166 ! oral opening
xref: SCTID:362083000 ! Entire oral mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000355
name: pharyngeal mucosa
alt_id: UBERON:0003344
def: "A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Mucous membrane of pharynx" EXACT [FMA:55031]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of the pharynx" RELATED [BTO:0001047]
xref: BTO:0001047
xref: FMA:55031 ! Mucosa of pharynx
xref: EMAPA:26957 ! mucosa of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:26965 ! mucosa of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
synonym: "tunica mucosa pharyngea" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:55031]
synonym: "tunica mucosa pharyngis" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:362121003 ! Entire pharyngeal mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003346
name: mucosa of rectum
def: "A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of rectum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of rectum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of rectum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:15033]
synonym: "rectal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:15033]
xref: EMAPA:27081 ! mucosa of rectum of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:27319 ! mucosa of rectum of gut
xref: FMA:15033 ! Mucosa of rectum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
xref: SCTID:362167003 ! Entire rectal mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000317
name: colonic mucosa
alt_id: UBERON:0004981
alt_id: UBERON:0003347
def: "A mucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of colon" EXACT [FMA:14984]
synonym: "colon mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14984]
synonym: "colonic mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "colonic mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:14984]
synonym: "colon mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colon mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colon organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of segment of colon" EXACT [FMA:85388]
xref: BTO:0000271
xref: FMA:14984 ! Mucosa of colon
xref: FMA:85388 ! Mucosa of segment of colon
xref: EMAPA:27375 ! mucosa of colon
xref: EFO:0003038 ! colon mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon
xref: SCTID:362157008 ! Entire colonic mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013067
name: colorectal mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0012652 ! colorectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003350
name: epithelium of mucosa
def: "A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa." [BTO:0003752]
synonym: "lamina epithelialis mucosa" RELATED  [BTO:0003752]
synonym: "lamina epithelialis mucosae" RELATED  [BTO:0003752]
xref: BTO:0003752 ! lamina epithelialis mucosa
xref: EMAPA:18668 ! epithelium of mucosa of jejunum of midgut
xref: EMAPA:18835 ! epithelium of mucosa of anal canal
xref: EMAPA:18857 ! epithelium of mucosa of gastro-oesophageal junction of gut
xref: EMAPA:18862 ! epithelium of mucosa of oesophagus of gut
xref: EMAPA:18868 ! epithelium of mucosa of pharynx of gut
xref: EMAPA:18893 ! epithelium of mucosa of fundus of stomach of gut
xref: EMAPA:18899 ! epithelium of mucosa of glandular region of stomach of gut
xref: EMAPA:18912 ! epithelium of mucosa of proventricular region of stomach of gut
xref: EMAPA:18917 ! epithelium of mucosa of pyloric region of stomach of gut
xref: EMAPA:18927 ! epithelium of mucosa of rectum of gut
xref: EMAPA:18934 ! epithelium of mucosa of jejunum of gut
xref: EMAPA:18941 ! epithelium of mucosa of colon
xref: EMAPA:19078 ! epithelium of mucosa of duodenum of gut
xref: EMAPA:26961 ! epithelium of mucosa of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:26985 ! epithelium of mucosa of oesophagus of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27019 ! epithelium of mucosa of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EMAPA:27033 ! epithelium of mucosa of rostral part of duodenum of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27047 ! epithelium of mucosa of gastro-oesophageal junction of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27061 ! epithelium of mucosa of perineal body of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:27075 ! epithelium of mucosa of rest of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:27089 ! epithelium of mucosa of rectum of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:27103 ! epithelium of mucosa of caudal part of duodenum of midgut
xref: EMAPA:27131 ! epithelium of mucosa of loop
xref: EMAPA:27145 ! epithelium of mucosa of rest of midgut
xref: EMAPA:27159 ! epithelium of mucosa of fundus of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27175 ! epithelium of mucosa of glandular region of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27191 ! epithelium of mucosa of proventricular region of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27207 ! epithelium of mucosa of pyloric region of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27219 ! epithelium of mucosa of caudal part of anal canal
xref: EMAPA:27229 ! epithelium of mucosa of rostral part of anal canal
xref: EMAPA:27307 ! epithelium of mucosa of perineal body of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011148 ! submucosal gland
name: submucosal gland
def: "Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue." [BTO:0003751, Wikipedia:Submucosal_glands]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000414  ! mucous gland
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003350 {notes="perforates"}  ! epithelium of mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
xref: BTO:0003751 ! submucosal gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003352
name: epithelium of midgut
synonym: "epithelial tissue of midgut" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midgut epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midgut epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midgut epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0005053]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001045 {source="BTO"} ! midgut
xref: BTO:0005053 ! midgut epithelium
xref: EMAPA:16569 ! epithelium of midgut
xref: EHDAA2:0001195 ! midgut epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
def: "An epithelium that is part of a midgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003353
name: epithelium of hindgut
def: "An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of hindgut" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindgut epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindgut epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:16717 ! epithelium of hindgut
xref: EHDAA2:0000782 ! hindgut epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003354
name: epithelium of rectum
def: "An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of rectum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectal epithelium" EXACT [FMA:17510]
xref: EMAPA:17898 ! epithelium of rectum of hindgut
xref: FMA:17510 ! Epithelium of rectum
xref: VHOG:0001037 ! rectum epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001594 ! rectum epithelium
xref: WBbt:0005800 ! rectal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001052 ! rectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003355
name: epithelium of incisor
def: "An epithelium that is part of a incisor tooth [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17919 ! epithelium of incisor of tooth of lower jaw (also: UBERON:0005710 'lower jaw incisor epithelium')
xref: EMAPA:17940 ! epithelium of incisor of tooth of upper jaw (also: UBERON:0005709 'upper jaw incisor epithelium')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003356
name: epithelium of nasal septum
def: "An epithelium that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of nasal septum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal septum epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal septum epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18442 ! epithelium of nasal septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001706 ! nasal septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003357
name: epithelium of tongue
def: "An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: examples: tongue squamous epithelium, keratined, non-keratinized and parakeratinized epithelium, as well as gustatory epithelium. Note that not all these subtypes are named in individual anatomy ontologies.
synonym: "epithelial tissue of tongue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lingual epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0000992]
xref: EMAPA:17881 ! epithelium of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18872 ! epithelium of tongue of pharynx of gut
xref: BTO:0000992 ! tongue epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Tongue_Epithelium ! Tongue Epithelium
xref: MA:0001592 ! tongue epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004598 ! tongue epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
xref: UMLS:C1710436

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006919 ! tongue squamous epithelium
name: tongue squamous epithelium
comment: note this is a singleton subclass of tongue epithelium in MA
synonym: "squamous epithelium of tongue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002786 ! tongue squamous epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0006914 ! squamous epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005020 ! mucosa of tongue
def: "A squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006916
name: non-keratinized epithelium of tongue
xref: FMA:62130 ! non-keratinized epithelium of tongue
intersection_of: UBERON:0010304 ! non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004650
name: tongue keratinized epithelium
synonym: "keratinized epithelium of tongue" EXACT [FMA:74865]
xref: FMA:74865 ! Keratinized epithelium of tongue
xref: MA:0002787 ! tongue keratinized epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0012329 ! keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013193 ! parakeratinized epithelium
name: parakeratinized epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is characterized by incomplete keratinization of the cells in the stratum corneum. The cells are flattened and composed primarily of packed tonofilaments. However, the cells may retain remnants of nuclei and other organelles" [http://www.dental.pitt.edu/informatics/periohistology/en/glossary.html]
comment: found in oral epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000488 ! atypical epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013194
name: orthokeratinized epithelium
def: "A keratinized epithelium in which the cells of the stratum corneum become very flat, loose their nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles and are now composed of densely packed tonofilaments cemented by filaggrin" [http://www.dental.pitt.edu/informatics/periohistology/en/glossary.html]
is_a: UBERON:0000488 ! atypical epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006918
name: parakeratinized epithelium of tongue
synonym: "tongue parakeratinized epithelium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:74908 ! parakeratinized epithelium of tongue
intersection_of: UBERON:0013193 ! parakeratinized epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013195
name: parakeratinized epithelium of gingiva
synonym: "gingival parakeratinized epithelium" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0013193 ! parakeratinized epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001828 ! gingiva

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006932
name: vestibular epithelium
synonym: "epithelium of vestibular labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vestibular sensory epithelium" EXACT [FMA:75606]
synonym: "inner ear vestibular component epithelium" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000834]
xref: MA:0002892 ! vestibular epithelium
xref: FMA:75606 ! vestibular sensory epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000834 ! inner ear vestibular component epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0006934 ! sensory epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001862 ! vestibular labyrinth
def: "An epithelium that is part of a vestibular labyrinth." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003358
name: epithelium of soft palate
def: "An epithelium that is part of a soft palate [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of soft palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18950 ! epithelium of soft palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003359
name: epithelium of submandibular gland
def: "An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of submandibular gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submandibular gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submandibular gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submandibular gland duct epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0004557]
xref: EMAPA:18813 ! epithelium of submandibular gland
xref: VHOG:0000989 ! submandibular gland epithelium
xref: BTO:0004557 ! submandibular gland duct epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001736 ! submandibular gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006957
name: submandibular gland primordium epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001940 ! submandibular gland primordium epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17756 ! epithelium of submandibular gland primordium (also: UBERON:0004809 'salivary gland epithelium')
xref: EHDAA:9257 ! epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006298 ! submandibular gland primordium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland primordium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003360
name: epithelium of parotid gland
def: "An epithelium that is part of a parotid gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of parotid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of parotid gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of parotid gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parotid epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parotid epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parotid gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parotid gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parotid gland duct epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0004555]
xref: EMAPA:18538 ! epithelium of parotid
xref: VHOG:0001434 ! parotid gland epithelium
xref: BTO:0004555 ! parotid gland duct epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001831 ! parotid gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003361
name: epithelium of sublingual gland
def: "An epithelium that is part of a sublingual gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Rivinus'gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Rivinus'gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus sublingualis epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus sublingualis epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of Rivinus'gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of ductus sublingualis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of sublingual gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of Rivinus'gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of ductus sublingualis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sublingual gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sublingual gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sublingual gland duct epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0004559]
xref: EMAPA:18810 ! epithelium of sublingual gland
xref: VHOG:0001098 ! sublingual gland epithelium
xref: BTO:0004559 ! sublingual gland duct epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001832 ! sublingual gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003362
name: epithelium of endolymphatic duct
def: "An epithelium that is part of a endolymphatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endolymphatic duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endolymphatic duct epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of endolymphatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18582 ! epithelium of endolymphatic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001860 ! endolymphatic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003363
name: epithelium of ductus reuniens
def: "An epithelium that is part of a ductus reuniens [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus reuniens epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus reuniens epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of ductus reuniens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17289 ! epithelium of ductus reuniens
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001861 ! ductus reuniens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003364
name: epithelium of right lung
def: "An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lung epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lung epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17663 ! epithelium of right lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003365
name: epithelium of left lung
def: "An epithelium that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lung epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lung epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17655 ! epithelium of left lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003366
name: epithelium of uterine horn
def: "An epithelium that is part of a uterine horn [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of uterine horn" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine horn epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine horn epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:29030 ! epithelium of uterine horn
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002247 ! uterine horn

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003368
name: epithelium of hard palate
def: "An epithelium that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of hard palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18953 ! epithelium of hard palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003373
name: ectoderm of footplate
xref: EMAPA:17250 ! ectoderm of footplate
intersection_of: UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006871 ! footplate
def: "An ectoderm that is part of a footplate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003379
name: cardiac muscle of right atrium
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium myocardium" EXACT [VHOG:0001227]
synonym: "myocardium of right atrium" EXACT []
synonym: "right atrium heart muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004155]
xref: EMAPA:17326 ! cardiac muscle of right atrium
xref: FMA:7282 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium
xref: VHOG:0001227 ! right atrium myocardium
xref: SCTID:362018002 ! Entire myocardium of right atrium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium
xref: EHDAA2:0004155 ! right atrium heart muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003380
name: cardiac muscle of left atrium
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium myocardium" EXACT [VHOG:0001225]
synonym: "left atrium heart muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004154]
synonym: "myocardium of left atrium" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17320 ! cardiac muscle of left atrium
xref: FMA:7285 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of left atrium
xref: VHOG:0001225 ! left atrium myocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002079 ! left atrium
xref: EHDAA2:0004154 ! left atrium heart muscle
xref: SCTID:189936008 ! Entire myocardium of left atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003381 ! cardiac muscle of right ventricle
name: cardiac muscle of right ventricle
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [GO:0003221]
xref: EMAPA:17342 ! cardiac muscle of right ventricle
xref: FMA:83452 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle
xref: VHOG:0001236 ! right ventricle myocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83452]
synonym: "right ventricle cardiac muscle" RELATED [VHOG:0001236]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003382
name: cardiac muscle of left ventricle
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [GO:0003220]
xref: EMAPA:17339 ! cardiac muscle of left ventricle
xref: FMA:83453 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle
xref: VHOG:0001234 ! left ventricle myocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! left ventricle
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83453]
synonym: "left ventricle cardiac muscle" RELATED [VHOG:0001234]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003383
name: cardiac muscle of interventricular septum
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interventricular septum cardiac muscle" EXACT [VHOG:0000999]
synonym: "interventricular septum heart muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004158]
xref: EMAPA:17335 ! cardiac muscle of interventricular septum
xref: FMA:84084 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum
xref: VHOG:0000999 ! interventricular septum cardiac muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002094 ! interventricular septum
xref: EHDAA2:0004158 ! interventricular septum heart muscle
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:84084]
synonym: "interventricular septum myocardium" EXACT [VHOG:0000999]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003384
name: skeletal muscle of pharynx
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18963 ! skeletal muscle of pharynx of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003385
name: skeletal muscle of mesenchyme
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mesenchyme [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19066 ! skeletal muscle of mesenchyme of upper arm
xref: EMAPA:19071 ! skeletal muscle of mesenchyme of upper leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003387
name: smooth muscle of trachea
alt_id: UBERON:0004244
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea smooth muscle" EXACT [MA:0001863]
synonym: "tracheal smooth muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001391]
xref: MA:0001863 ! trachea smooth muscle
xref: EMAPA:19192 ! smooth muscle of trachea
xref: FMA:262010 ! Smooth muscle of trachea
xref: BTO:0001391 ! tracheal smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! Trachea Smooth Muscle Tissue
xref: UMLS:C1710458

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001136
name: mesothelium
def: "Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. Wikipedia: The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri)." [Wikipedia:Mesothelium, FMA:14074]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA:2331 ! mesothelium
xref: EHDAA:2349 ! mesothelium
xref: EHDAA:295 ! mesothelium
xref: EHDAA:6073 ! mesothelium
xref: EHDAA:640 ! mesothelium
xref: EHDAA:646 ! mesothelium
xref: FMA:14074 ! Mesothelium
xref: MA:0000565 ! mesothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesothelium ! Mesothelium
xref: BTO:0002422 ! mesothelium
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111 ! mesothelium
xref: AEO:0000111 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000487 ! simple squamous epithelium
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="FMA-inferred"} ! mesoderm
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000077 {source="FMA"} ! mesothelial cell
xref: SCTID:361918002 ! Entire mesothelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Mesothelium_peritoneal_wash_high_mag.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0086610

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007140 ! parietal mesothelium
name: parietal mesothelium
def: "Mesothelium overs the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelium]
xref: MA:0000566 ! parietal mesothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007141 ! visceral mesothelium
name: visceral mesothelium
def: "Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelium]
xref: MA:0000567 ! visceral mesothelium
is_a: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007188
name: mesothelium of serous pericardium
synonym: "mesothelium of pericardium" EXACT [FMA:18149]
synonym: "pericardial mesothelium" EXACT [FMA:18149]
synonym: "serous pericardium mesothelium" EXACT [FMA:18149]
xref: FMA:18149 ! mesothelium of serous pericardium
xref: EMAPA:16133 ! mesothelium of pericardial component
xref: BTO:0003157 ! pericardial mesothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002357 ! serous pericardium
xref: SCTID:67300002 ! Pericardial mesothelium
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a serous pericardium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007185
name: pericardio-peritoneal canal mesothelium
xref: EMAPA:16284 ! mesothelium of pericardio-peritoneal canal
xref: VHOG:0000447 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal mesothelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001442 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal mesothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006275 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal
synonym: "pericardio-peritoneal canal mehomhelium" RELATED [VHOG:0000447]
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a pericardio-peritoneal canal." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007186
name: pericardial visceral mesothelium
xref: VHOG:0000778 ! pericardial visceral mesothelium
xref: EMAPA:16589 ! visceral mesothelium of pericardial component
xref: FMA:19741 ! Mesothelium of visceral serous pericardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0007141 ! visceral mesothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002407 ! pericardium
synonym: "mesothelium of visceral serous pericardium" EXACT [FMA:19741]
synonym: "mesothelium of visceral pericardium" EXACT [FMA:19741]
synonym: "visceral serous pericardium mesothelium" EXACT [FMA:19741]
synonym: "pericardial visceral mehomhelium" RELATED [VHOG:0000778]
property_value: homology_notes "Found in all vertebrates, the VP (visceral pericardium) is also known as the cardiac epimysium. This outermost layer of the epicardium consists of a thin layer of mesothelial cells over a dense network of collagen and elastin fibers.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000778", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00967.2007 Jöbsis PD\, Ashikaga H\, Wen H\, Rothstein EC\, Horvath KA\, McVeigh ER\, Balaban RS\, The visceral pericardium: macromolecular structure and contribution to passive mechanical properties of the left ventricle. American journal of physiology\, Heart and circulatory physiology (2007)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A visceral mesothelium that is part of a pericardium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007187
name: pericardial parietal mesothelium
xref: EMAPA:16588 ! parietal mesothelium of pericardial component
xref: FMA:19742 ! Mesothelium of parietal serous pericardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0007140 ! parietal mesothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002407 ! pericardium
synonym: "mesothelium of parietal serous pericardium" EXACT [FMA:19742]
synonym: "mesothelium of parietal pericardium" EXACT [FMA:19742]
synonym: "parietal serous pericardium mesothelium" EXACT [FMA:19742]
def: "A parietal mesothelium that is part of a pericardium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003274
name: mesothelium of omental bursa
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a lesser sac [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "omental bursa mesothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "omental bursa mehomhelium" RELATED [VHOG:0000441]
synonym: "lesser sac mesothelium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004557]
xref: EHDAA:2339 ! mesothelium
xref: VHOG:0000441 ! omental bursa mesothelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001299 ! omental bursa mesothelium
xref: EMAPA:16890 ! mesothelium of omental bursa of peritoneal component
xref: EMAPA:18459 ! mesothelium of omental bursa of peritoneal cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001341 ! lesser sac
xref: EHDAA2:0004557 ! lesser sac mesothelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003388
name: mesothelium of pericardial cavity
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a pericardial cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of pericardial sac mesothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meso-epithelium of pericardial cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pericardial cavity meso-epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pericardial cavity mesothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18449 ! mesothelium of pericardial cavity
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001436 ! pericardial cavity mesothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001074 ! pericardial cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003389
name: mesothelium of diaphragm
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diaphragm meso-epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diaphragm mesothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meso-epithelium of diaphragm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic diaphragm mesothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18429 ! mesothelium of diaphragm
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003390
name: mesothelium of pleural cavity
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a pleural cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meso-epithelium of pleural cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pleural cavity meso-epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pleural cavity mesothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18463 ! mesothelium of pleural cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0001476 ! pleural cavity mesothelium
xref: BTO:0003155 ! pleural mesothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002402 ! pleural cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003393
name: mesentery of urinary system
def: "A mesentery that is part of a urinary system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "excretory system mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of excretory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of renal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of systema urinaria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal system mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "systema urinaria mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary system mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17367 ! mesentery of urinary system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003394
name: mesentery of hindgut
def: "A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindgut mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:16718 ! mesentery of hindgut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003395
name: mesentery of rectum
def: "A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rectum mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18664 ! mesentery of rectum of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:18929 ! mesentery of rectum of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001052 ! rectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003396
name: mesentery of colon
def: "A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "colon mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large bowel mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of large bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of large intestine" EXACT [FMA:14645]
synonym: "large intestinal mesentery" EXACT [FMA:14645]
xref: EMAPA:18942 ! mesentery of colon
xref: FMA:14645 ! Mesentery of large intestine
is_a: UBERON:0007826 {source="FMA"} ! peritoneal mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon
xref: SCTID:245457004 ! Large intestine mesentery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003397
name: mesentery of duodenum
def: "A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "duodenum mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19081 ! mesentery of duodenum of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003398
name: mesentery of jejunum
def: "A mesentery that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "jejunal mesentery" EXACT []
synonym: "jejunum mesentery" EXACT []
synonym: "mesojejunum" EXACT [http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/peritoneum.html]
xref: EMAPA:18670 ! mesentery of jejunum of midgut
xref: EMAPA:18937 ! mesentery of jejunum of gut
xref: FMA:14651 ! Mesentery of jejunum
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum
xref: SCTID:261286003 ! Entire jejunal mesentery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001517
name: skin of elbow
alt_id: UBERON:0003399
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "elbow skin" EXACT []
synonym: "cubital region zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elbow zone of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zone of skin of elbow" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:38250 ! Skin of elbow
xref: MA:0000610 ! elbow skin
xref: EMAPA:18051 ! skin of elbow
xref: ncithesaurus:Elbow_Skin ! Elbow Skin
is_a: UBERON:0002427 ! arm skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001461 ! elbow
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001461 ! elbow
xref: SCTID:181534001 ! Entire skin of elbow
xref: UMLS:C0222213

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003403
name: skin of forearm
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower arm skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forearm skin" EXACT [FMA:38265]
xref: EMAPA:18056 ! skin of forearm
xref: FMA:38265 ! Skin of forearm
xref: MA:0000602 ! lower arm skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forearm
xref: SCTID:181537008 ! Entire skin of forearm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003406
name: cartilage of respiratory system
def: "A cartilage that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18694 ! cartilage of respiratory system
xref: MA:0001818 ! respiratory system cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001823
name: nasal cartilage
def: "One of the cartilage structures in the nose that provide form and support[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_cartilage]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilage of nose" EXACT []
xref: FMA:59502 ! Nasal cartilage
xref: MA:0001883 ! nasal cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cartilage ! Nasal Cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray852.png/200px-Gray852.png
is_a: UBERON:0002418 {source="MA"} ! cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: encloses UBERON:0000402 ! nasal vestibule
xref: SCTID:278941001 ! Entire nasal cartilage
xref: UMLS:C0225415

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003407
name: cartilage of nasal septum
def: "A cartilage that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal septum cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "septal nasal cartilage" EXACT [FMA:59503]
synonym: "cartilago septal nasi" EXACT  [FMA:59503]
xref: EMAPA:25091 ! cartilage of nasal septum
xref: FMA:59503 ! septal nasal cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001706 ! nasal septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007818
name: major alar cartilage
def: "The greater alar cartilage (lower lateral cartilage) is a thin, flexible plate, situated immediately below the preceding, and bent upon itself in such a manner as to form the medial wall and lateral wall of the naris of its own side. The portion which forms the medial wall (crus mediale) is loosely connected with the corresponding portion of the opposite cartilage, the two forming, together with the thickened integument and subjacent tissue, the septum mobile nasi. The part which forms the lateral wall (crus laterale) is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages). Above, it is connected by fibrous tissue to the lateral cartilage and front part of the cartilage of the septum; below, it falls short of the margin of the naris, the ala being completed by fatty and fibrous tissue covered by skin. In front, the greater alar cartilages are separated by a notch which corresponds with the apex of the nose." [Wikipedia:Greater_alar_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago alaris major" EXACT  [FMA:59504]
synonym: "greater alar cartilage" EXACT  [FMA:59504]
xref: FMA:59504 ! Major alar cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage
xref: SCTID:361928006 ! Entire greater alar cartilage
synonym: "cartilago alaris major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Greater_alar_cartilage]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Gray852.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007819
name: minor alar cartilage
def: "The part which forms the lateral wall is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages." [Wikipedia:Lesser_alar_cartilages]
synonym: "lesser alar cartilage" EXACT  [FMA:59507]
synonym: "lesser alar cartilages" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: FMA:59507 ! Minor alar cartilage
xref: SCTID:368118006 ! Entire lesser alar cartilages
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage
synonym: "cartilago alaris minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lesser_alar_cartilages]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Gray852.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007820
name: accessory nasal cartilage
def: "small cartilages of the nose connecting the greater alar cartilage and lateral nasal cartilage." [Wikipedia:Accessory_nasal_cartilages]
xref: FMA:59510 ! Accessory nasal cartilage
xref: SCTID:368124000 ! Entire accessory nasal cartilages
synonym: "cartilago nasi accessoriae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Accessory_nasal_cartilage]
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007821
name: lateral nasal cartilage
def: "The lateral cartilage (upper lateral cartilage) is situated below the inferior margin of the nasal bone, and is flattened, and triangular in shape.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_cartilage]
xref: FMA:59511 ! Lateral nasal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage
xref: SCTID:278944009 ! Entire lateral nasal cartilage
synonym: "cartilago nasi lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_cartilage]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Gray852.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003408
name: gland of gut
def: "A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive tract gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of digestive tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of lower gastrointestinal tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gut gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower gastrointestinal tract gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18815 ! gland of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003409
name: gland of tongue
def: "A gland that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:25097 ! gland of tongue of pharynx of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013475
name: gustatory gland
def: "A serous salivary gland which resides adjacent to the moats surrounding the circumvallate papillae in the posterior one-third of the tongue, anterior to the terminal sulcus." [Wikipedia:Von_Ebner's_gland]
synonym: "von Ebner's gland" EXACT [Wikipedia:Von_Ebner's_gland]
synonym: "von Ebner gland" EXACT [Wikipedia:Von_Ebner's_gland]
is_a: UBERON:0000409 ! serous gland
is_a: UBERON:0001044 ! salivary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003295
name: pharyngeal gland
def: "Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx." [Biology-Online_Dictionary:http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/]
synonym: "glandulae pharyngeae" RELATED  [BTO:0004849]
synonym: "pharynx gland" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001461]
xref: BTO:0004849 ! pharyngeal gland
xref: EHDAA:2967 ! gland
xref: EHDAA2:0001461 ! pharynx gland
xref: FMA:55075 ! pharyngeal gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 {source="BTO"} ! chordate pharynx
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008310
name: nasopharyngeal gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001728 ! nasopharynx
xref: FMA:55076 ! nasopharyngeal gland
xref: SCTID:178973008 ! Entire nasopharyngeal gland
subset: organ_slim
def: "A gland that is part of a nasopharynx." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003410
name: oropharyngeal gland
def: "A gland that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gland of oral part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of pharynx gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oropharynx gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:25095 ! gland of oropharynx
synonym: "gland of oropharynx" EXACT [EMAPA:25095]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001729 ! oropharynx
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003414
name: mesenchyme of mandible
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a mandible [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw bone mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mandible mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mandibulla mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lower jaw bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of mandibulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower jaw mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower jaw mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw bone organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of bone of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of bone of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of bone organ of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of bone organ of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lower jaw bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch bone mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch bone organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17912 ! mesenchyme of mandible
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003415
name: mesenchyme of nasal septum
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal septum mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18443 ! mesenchyme of nasal septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001706 ! nasal septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003416
name: mesenchyme of tongue
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - develops_from
synonym: "tongue mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004614]
xref: EMAPA:17882 ! mesenchyme of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18878 ! mesenchyme of tongue of pharynx of gut
xref: EHDAA2:0004614 ! tongue mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003417
name: mesenchyme of soft palate
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a soft palate [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18951 ! mesenchyme of soft palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003418
name: mesenchyme of submandibular gland
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submandibular gland mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18814 ! mesenchyme of submandibular gland
xref: VHOG:0001110 ! submandibular gland mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001736 ! submandibular gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003419
name: mesenchyme of parotid
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a parotid gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of parotid gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parotid gland mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parotid mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18539 ! mesenchyme of parotid
xref: VHOG:0001435 ! parotid gland mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001831 ! parotid gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003420
name: mesenchyme of sublingual gland
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a sublingual gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Rivinus'gland mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus sublingualis mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of Rivinus'gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of ductus sublingualis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sublingual gland mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18811 ! mesenchyme of sublingual gland
xref: VHOG:0001106 ! sublingual gland mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001832 ! sublingual gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003422
name: mesenchyme of umbilical cord
def: "a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages. It is derived from Extra Embryonic Mesoderm[WP]" [Wikipedia:Wharton\'s_jelly]
comment: todo - check
synonym: "Wharton's jelly" EXACT [EMAPA:26127]
synonym: "umbilical cord mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:26127 ! mesenchyme of umbilical cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002331 ! umbilical cord
relationship: has_part CHEBI:37395 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mucopolysaccharide
xref: SCTID:368069009 ! Entire Wharton's jelly

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003424
name: mesenchyme of hard palate
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18954 ! mesenchyme of hard palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003425
name: renal lymph node
def: "A lymph node that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney lymph node" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph node of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002882 ! renal lymph node
intersection_of: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Lymph_Node ! Renal Lymph Node
xref: UMLS:C2699031

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003426
name: dermis adipose tissue
def: "An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adipose tissue of dermis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dermis fat tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dermis fatty tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fat tissue of dermis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fatty tissue of dermis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000798 ! dermis adipose tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002067 ! dermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003427
name: abdominal fat pad
def: "the encapsulated adipose tissue in the abdomen." [MP:0000010]
synonym: "abdomen fat pad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fat pad of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000472 ! abdominal fat pad
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003428
name: gonadal fat pad
def: "the encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the ovaries or testes." [MP:0005335]
comment: Editor notes: consider change relationship from part_of. AO notes: we place the amphibian structures here as their definitions state a gonadal association.
synonym: "fat pad of gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fat pad of gonads" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad fat pad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonadal fat pad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonad-associated fat pad" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000157 ! fat_bodies
xref: XAO:0003050 ! fat body
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure associated with the gonads which vary in form among amphibians but are primarily composed of adipose tissue and are thought to be a source of nutrients for the gonads.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000157", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: MA:0002547 ! gonadal fat pad
xref: EFO:0000811 ! fat body sensu amphibia
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000991 ! gonad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003429
name: abdomen nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000521 ! abdomen nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003430
name: neck nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000588 ! neck nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003431
name: leg nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000673 ! leg nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003432
name: chest nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000551 ! chest nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003433
name: arm nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000595 ! arm nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003434
name: wrist nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "carpal region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of carpal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of wrist" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000637 ! wrist nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003435
name: pedal digit nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit nerve" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit nerve" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "digit of foot nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000649 ! foot digit nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
xref: SCTID:300056004 ! Digital nerve of foot
synonym: "foot digit nerve" EXACT [MA:0000649]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003436
name: shoulder nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000634 ! shoulder nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003437
name: eyelid nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blepharon nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of blepharon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001255 ! eyelid nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003438
name: iris nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001291 ! iris nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003439
name: nerve of trunk region
def: "A nerve that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - check EMAPA
synonym: "nerve of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk nerve" EXACT [MA:0000515]
xref: MA:0000515 ! trunk nerve
xref: EMAPA:16986 ! nerve trunk (also: UBERON:0001147 'trunk of peripheral nerve') (also: UBERON:0002464 'nerve trunk') (also: UBERON:0004295 'sympathetic nerve trunk')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003440
name: limb nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000693 ! limb nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
xref: SCTID:359923002 ! Nervous structure of limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003441
name: forelimb nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing nerve" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000616 ! forelimb nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003442
name: hindlimb nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000664 ! hindlimb nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003443
name: thoracic cavity nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of chest nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of thorax nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest cavity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of cavity of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of cavity of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of chest cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of pectoral cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of thoracic cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pectoral cavity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000556 ! thoracic cavity nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003444
name: pelvis nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000542 ! pelvis nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003445
name: pes nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hind limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000653 ! foot nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "foot nerve" EXACT [MA:0000653]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003446
name: ankle nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: FMA placement dubious
synonym: "nerve of ankle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tarsal region nerve" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0000640 ! ankle nerve
xref: FMA:86901 ! Neural network of ankle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
synonym: "neural network of ankle" RELATED [FMA:86901]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003447
name: digit nerve of manus
def: "A nerve that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit nerve" EXACT [MA:0000625]
xref: MA:0000625 ! hand digit nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
xref: SCTID:181015006 ! Digital nerve of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003448
name: manus nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm autopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm distal free limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of arm nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of brachial region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region autopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region distal free limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of arm nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of brachial region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of arm autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of arm distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of autopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of autopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of brachial region autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of brachial region distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of distal free limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of distal free limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb autopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000629 ! hand nerve
synonym: "hand nerve" EXACT [MA:0000629]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003449
name: tail intervertebral disc
def: "An intervertebral disk that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intervertebral disc of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intervertebral disc of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intervertebral disk of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intervertebral disk of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region intervertebral disc" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region intervertebral disk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region spinal disc" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal disc of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal disc of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tail intervertebral disk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tail spinal disc" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000698 ! tail intervertebral disc
xref: EMAPA:19592 ! intervertebral disc of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007252
name: intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra
synonym: "cervical intervertebral disc" EXACT [FMA:13895]
synonym: "intervertebral disc of cervical region" EXACT [EMAPA:19415]
xref: FMA:13895 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19415 ! intervertebral disc of cervical region
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column
xref: SCTID:68818006 ! Structure of cervical intervertebral disc
def: "An intervertebral disk that is part of a cervical region of vertebral column." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007254
name: intervertebral disk of thoracic vertebra
synonym: "intervertebral disc of thoracic region" EXACT [EMAPA:19489]
xref: EMAPA:19489 ! intervertebral disc of thoracic region
xref: FMA:10455 ! intervertebral disk of thoracic vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column
def: "An intervertebral disk that is part of a thoracic region of vertebral column." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007255
name: intervertebral disk of lumbar vertebra
synonym: "intervertebral disc of lumbar region" EXACT [EMAPA:19468]
xref: EMAPA:19468 ! intervertebral disc of lumbar region
xref: FMA:13894 ! intervertebral disk of lumbar vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column
def: "An intervertebral disk that is part of a lumbar region of vertebral column." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007257
name: intervertebral disk of sacral vertebra
synonym: "intervertebral disc of sacral region" EXACT [EMAPA:19575]
xref: EMAPA:19575 ! intervertebral disc of sacral region
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006075 ! sacral region of vertebral column
def: "An intervertebral disk that is part of a sacral region of vertebral column." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007260
name: intervertebral disk of third cervical vertebra
synonym: "C3 intervertebral disk" EXACT [FMA:13896]
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C3-C4" EXACT [FMA:13896]
xref: FMA:13896 ! intervertebral disk of third cervical vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19422 ! C3 of intervertebral disc of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007261
name: intervertebral disk of fourth cervical vertebra
synonym: "intervertebral disc of fourth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13897]
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C4-C5" EXACT [FMA:13897]
xref: FMA:13897 ! intervertebral disk of fourth cervical vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19425 ! C4 of intervertebral disc of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra
xref: SCTID:361748005 ! Entire intervertebral disc of fourth cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007262
name: intervertebral disk of fifth cervical vertebra
synonym: "intervertebral disc of fifth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13898]
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C5-C6" EXACT [FMA:13898]
xref: FMA:13898 ! intervertebral disk of fifth cervical vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19428 ! C5 of intervertebral disc of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra
xref: SCTID:361749002 ! Entire intervertebral disc of fifth cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007263
name: intervertebral disk of sixth cervical vertebra
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C6-C7" EXACT [FMA:13899]
xref: FMA:13899 ! intervertebral disk of sixth cervical vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19460 ! C6 of intervertebral disc of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007264
name: intervertebral disk of seventh cervical vertebra
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C7-T1" EXACT [FMA:13900]
xref: FMA:13900 ! intervertebral disk of seventh cervical vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19463 ! C7 of intervertebral disc of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007265
name: intervertebral disk of axis
synonym: "C2 disk" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "C2 intervertebral disk" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "intervertebral disc of cervical vertebra 2" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra 2" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C2-C3" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "second cervical intervertebral disk" EXACT [FMA:25058]
xref: FMA:25058 ! intervertebral disk of axis (also: UBERON:0007266 'intervertebral disk of atlas')
xref: EMAPA:19419 ! C2 of intervertebral disc of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007266
name: intervertebral disk of atlas
synonym: "C1 disk" EXACT []
synonym: "C1 intervertebral disk" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral disc of cervical vertebra 1" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra 1" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C1-C2" EXACT []
synonym: "first cervical intervertebral disk" EXACT []
xref: FMA:25058 ! intervertebral disk of axis (also: UBERON:0007265 'intervertebral disk of axis')
xref: EMAPA:19416 ! C1 of intervertebral disc of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003450
name: upper jaw incisor
def: "An incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "premaxillary tooth" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "upper incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "incisor of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper primary incisor tooth" NARROW [FMA:84214]
xref: MA:0001601 ! upper jaw incisor
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Incisor ! Upper Jaw Incisor
xref: EHDAA2:0002121 ! upper jaw incisor
xref: EMAPA:17939 ! incisor of tooth of upper jaw
xref: FMA:55712 ! Upper secondary incisor tooth
xref: SCTID:421578001 ! Entire primary upper incisor tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla
synonym: "upper secondary incisor tooth" RELATED [FMA:55712]
synonym: "maxillary secondary incisor tooth" RELATED [FMA:55712]
synonym: "upper permanent incisor tooth" RELATED [FMA:55712]
xref: UMLS:C1710579

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003451
name: lower jaw incisor
def: "An incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "incisor of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mandibular incisor" EXACT [BTO:0001942]
synonym: "lower primary incisor tooth" NARROW [FMA:84215]
xref: MA:0001600 ! lower jaw incisor
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Incisor ! Lower Jaw Incisor
xref: EHDAA2:0001021 ! lower jaw incisor
xref: BTO:0001942 ! mandibular incisor
xref: EMAPA:17918 ! incisor of tooth of lower jaw
xref: FMA:55713 ! Lower secondary incisor tooth
xref: SCTID:420793009 ! Entire primary lower incisor tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
synonym: "lower secondary incisor tooth" RELATED [FMA:55713]
synonym: "lower permanent incisor tooth" RELATED [FMA:55713]
synonym: "mandibular secondary incisor tooth" RELATED [FMA:55713]
xref: UMLS:C1708755

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003666
name: upper jaw molar
def: "A molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper molar" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "upper molar tooth" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "molar tooth of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper primary molar tooth" NARROW [FMA:84210]
xref: MA:0001603 ! upper jaw molar
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Molar ! Upper Jaw Molar
xref: EHDAA2:0002125 ! upper jaw molar
xref: EMAPA:17942 ! molar of tooth of upper jaw
xref: FMA:55720 ! Upper secondary molar tooth
xref: EHDAA:8053 ! molar of tooth of upper jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla
synonym: "upper secondary molar tooth" RELATED [FMA:55720]
synonym: "maxillary secondary molar tooth" RELATED [FMA:55720]
synonym: "upper permanent molar tooth" RELATED [FMA:55720]
xref: UMLS:C1710580

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003667
name: lower jaw molar
def: "A molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower molar" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lower molar tooth" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lower jaw molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "molar tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower primary molar tooth" NARROW [FMA:84213]
xref: MA:0001602 ! lower jaw molar
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Molar ! Lower Jaw Molar
xref: EHDAA2:0001025 ! lower jaw molar
xref: EMAPA:17921 ! molar of tooth of lower jaw
xref: EHDAA:8017 ! molar of tooth of lower jaw
xref: FMA:55721 ! Lower secondary molar tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0004742 ! dentary
synonym: "lower secondary molar tooth" RELATED [FMA:55721]
synonym: "lower permanent molar tooth" RELATED [FMA:55721]
synonym: "mandibular secondary molar tooth" RELATED [FMA:55721]
xref: UMLS:C1708756

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013616
name: primary molar tooth
comment: todo - logical definition
synonym: "deciduous molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:84206]
synonym: "temporary molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:84206]
synonym: "primary molar tooth" EXACT [FMA:84206]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007116 ! primary dentition
xref: FMA:84206 ! primary molar tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013618
name: secondary molar tooth
synonym: "permanent molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:84207]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007774 ! secondary dentition
xref: FMA:84207 ! secondary molar tooth
xref: SCTID:421593002 ! Entire permanent molar tooth
synonym: "secondary molar tooth" EXACT [FMA:84207]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013617
name: upper primary molar tooth
synonym: "upper deciduous molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:84210]
intersection_of: UBERON:0013616 ! primary molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
xref: FMA:84210 ! upper primary molar tooth
xref: SCTID:422318005 ! Entire primary upper molar tooth
synonym: "upper primary molar tooth" EXACT [FMA:84210]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013619
name: upper secondary molar tooth
synonym: "maxillary secondary molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:55720]
synonym: "upper permanent molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:55720]
intersection_of: UBERON:0013618 ! secondary molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
xref: FMA:55720 ! upper secondary molar tooth
synonym: "upper secondary molar tooth" EXACT [FMA:55720]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013620
name: lower primary molar tooth
synonym: "lower deciduous molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:84213]
intersection_of: UBERON:0013616 ! primary molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
xref: FMA:84213 ! lower primary molar tooth
xref: SCTID:421482001 ! Entire primary lower molar tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013621
name: lower secondary molar tooth
synonym: "lower permanent molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:55721]
synonym: "mandibular secondary molar tooth" EXACT  [FMA:55721]
intersection_of: UBERON:0013618 ! secondary molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
xref: FMA:55721 ! lower secondary molar tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003455
name: inner renal medulla loop of henle
def: "A loop of Henle that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Henle loop of inner medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Henle loop of inner renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Henle loop of inner zone of medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Henle loop of inner zone of renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "henle's loop of inner medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "henle's loop of inner renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "henle's loop of inner zone of medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "henle's loop of inner zone of renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner medulla of kidney Henle loop" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner medulla of kidney henle's loop" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner medulla of kidney loop of Henle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner renal medulla Henle loop" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner renal medulla henle's loop" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner renal medulla loop of Henle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner zone of medulla of kidney Henle loop" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner zone of medulla of kidney henle's loop" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner zone of medulla of kidney loop of Henle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner zone of renal medulla Henle loop" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner zone of renal medulla henle's loop" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner zone of renal medulla loop of Henle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "loop of Henle of inner medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "loop of Henle of inner renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "loop of Henle of inner zone of medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "loop of Henle of inner zone of renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002623 ! inner renal medulla loop of henle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001288 ! loop of Henle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001294 ! inner medulla of kidney
synonym: "kidney inner medulla loop of henle" EXACT [MA:0002623]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003456
name: respiratory system lymphatic vessel
def: "A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001824 ! respiratory system lymphatic vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003457
name: head bone
def: "A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000576 ! head bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: SCTID:118646007 ! Entire bone of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003458
name: neck bone
def: "A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000584 ! neck bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvnpJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! neck bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003459
name: chest bone
def: "A bone that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000547 ! chest bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003460
name: arm bone
def: "A bone that is part of the region of the forelimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "bone of upper extremity" EXACT [GAID:178]
synonym: "arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000592 ! arm bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwKTXoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! arm bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone
def: "A bone that is part of a forelimb region. Examples: any manus phalanx, humerus. Counter-examples: scapula (it is part of the pectoral girdle)" [UBERON:cjm]
name: forelimb bone
synonym: "wing bone" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "free forelimb bone" EXACT [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "wing bone" NARROW SENSU [Geisha:syn, NCBITaxon:8782]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton
xref: GAID:178 ! bones of upper extremity
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087 ! bones of upper extremity
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Upper_Extremity ! Bone of the Upper Extremity
xref: SCTID:368532003 ! Entire bone of upper extremity
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010883 ! forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation
xref: UMLS:C0003793

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010883
name: forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation
synonym: "wing bone cartilaginous condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
subset: grouping_class
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone ! forelimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010884 ! forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a forelimb bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010884
name: forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "wing bone pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
subset: grouping_class
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone ! forelimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a forelimb bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010741
name: bone of pectoral complex
def: "A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: AO notes - note that the MA class includes girdle parts so it belongs here; Editor notes: considering adding pectoral and pelvic complex skeleton classes
synonym: "bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle" RELATED [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "forelimb bone" RELATED [MA:0000612, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "wing bone" NARROW SENSU [UBERONREF:0000003]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: MA:0000612 ! forelimb bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003461
name: shoulder bone
def: "A bone that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: this is a forelimb bone in MA, but this would lead to part-disjointness violations. Subtypes are clavicle, scapula, humerus
synonym: "bone of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000631 ! shoulder bone
is_a: UBERON:0010741 {source="MA", notes="UBERONREF:0000003"} ! bone of pectoral complex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003462
name: facial bone
def: "A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editors note: test whether 'facial bone' is an exact synonym
synonym: "facial bone" EXACT [EMAPA:19019]
synonym: "bone of facial skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of viscerocranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "viscerocranium bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "facial skeleton bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001482 ! viscerocranium bone
xref: EMAPA:19019 ! facial bone
xref: SCTID:181799005 ! Entire facial bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Facial_Bone ! Facial Bone
synonym: "facial bone" EXACT [EMAPA:19019]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 {source="MA"} ! facial skeleton
xref: UMLS:C0015455

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003463
name: trunk bone
def: "A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000512 ! trunk bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: SCTID:427358002 ! Entire bone organ of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003464
name: hindlimb bone
def: "A bone that is part of a hindlimb region. Examples: any pes phalanx, femur. Counter-examples: ischium, pubis (they are part of the pelvic girdle)" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note that the MA class is actually bone of pelvic complex; in contrast the NCIT class excludes ilium etc
synonym: "bone of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: GAID:198 ! leg bone
xref: EFO:0003842 ! bone of lower extremity
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Lower_Extremity ! Bone of the Lower Extremity
xref: SCTID:361370006 ! Entire bone of lower extremity
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010885 ! hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
xref: UMLS:C0448188

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010885
name: hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003464 ! hindlimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010886 ! hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a hindlimb bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010886
name: hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003464 ! hindlimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a hindlimb bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010742
name: bone of pelvic complex
def: "A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: Note that the MA class called 'hindlimb bone' belongs here, as it includes bones in the pelvic girdle
synonym: "hindlimb bone" RELATED [MA:0000660, UBERONREF:0000003]
is_a: UBERON:0010740 {source="MA"} ! bone of appendage girdle complex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
xref: MA:0000660 ! hindlimb bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005893
name: leg bone
def: "A bone that is part of the region of the hindlimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. Counter-examples: any pes phalanx" [UBERON:cjm]
subset: grouping_class
xref: MA:0000670 ! leg bone
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500 ! leg bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003466
name: forelimb zeugopod bone
def: "A bone that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing zeugopod bone" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower arm bone" EXACT [MA:0000598]
xref: MA:0000598 ! lower arm bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forearm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003467
name: sesamoid bone of gastrocnemius
def: "A small sesamoid bone situated behind a condyle of the femur." [MP:0009005, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3470151&group_id=76834, Wikipedia:Fabella]
synonym: "gastrocnemius sesamoid bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "m. gastrocnemius sesamoid bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sesamoid bone of m. gastrocnemius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fabella" RELATED [MA:0001378]
xref: MA:0001378 ! sesamoid bone of gastrocnemius
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="MA"} ! sesamoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001388 ! gastrocnemius
xref: galen:Fabella
xref: SCTID:302749009 ! Entire fabella

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012104
name: sesamoid bone of the peroneus longus muscle
comment: a coffee bean-shaped constant, large and regular bone. The lateral surface of the bone is convex in all directions and non-articular. The medial surface is covered with hyaline cartilage and articulates by means of a synovial joint with the corresponding facet of the cuboid bone. The histological structure and the mode of ossification of the os peroneum are identical to that of other short bones of the skeleton. 
synonym: "os peroneum" EXACT [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261702/]
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001455 ! cuboid bone
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001387 ! fibularis longus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9443 ! Primates

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003468
name: ureteric segment of renal artery
def: "The ureteral branches of renal artery are small branches which supply the ureter." [Wikipedia:Ureteral_branches_of_renal_artery]
synonym: "ureteric artery" BROAD [MA:0002074]
xref: MA:0002074 ! ureteric artery
xref: SCTID:65376008 ! Ureteric branch of renal artery
xref: FMA:70491 ! ureteric segment of renal artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001184 {source="FMA"} ! renal artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001184 {source="FMA"} ! renal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003469
name: respiratory system artery
def: "An artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001804 ! respiratory system artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003470
name: artery of upper lip
def: "The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose." [Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery]
synonym: "arteria labialis superior" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery]
synonym: "ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery]
synonym: "superior labial branch of facial artery" EXACT  [FMA:49570]
synonym: "superior labial artery" EXACT [FMA:49570]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0001834 ! upper lip
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001612 {source="FMA"} ! facial artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: FMA:49570 ! superior labial artery
xref: MA:0001917 ! artery of upper lip
xref: SCTID:145137009 ! Entire superior labial artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003471
name: artery of lower lip
def: "The Iinferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery." [Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery]
synonym: "ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery]
synonym: "arteria labialis inferior" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery]
synonym: "inferior labial branch of facial artery" EXACT  [FMA:49567]
synonym: "ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis)" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "inferior labial artery" EXACT [FMA:49567]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0001835 ! lower lip
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001612 {source="FMA"} ! facial artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: FMA:49567 ! inferior labial artery
xref: MA:0001916 ! artery of lower lip
xref: SCTID:145036002 ! Entire inferior labial artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003472
name: cerebellar artery
def: "an artery that supplies blood to the cerebellum." [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_artery] 
xref: MA:0001933 ! cerebellar artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Artery ! Cerebellar Artery
xref: EHDAA:5290 ! cerebellar artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000228 ! cerebellar artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: SCTID:278102002 ! Entire cerebellar artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CerebellumArteries.jpg/250px-CerebellumArteries.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0226246

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003473
name: thoracic cavity artery
def: "An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3317815&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: Note that in MA, aorta is classified here - but this is problematic because the abdominal aorta is not in the thoracic cavity
xref: MA:0001902 ! thoracic cavity artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003474 ! meningeal artery
name: meningeal artery
def: "One of the arteries supplying the meninix[Automatically generated definition]." [Wikipedia:Meningeal_arteries]
xref: MA:0002001 ! meningeal artery
xref: GAID:499 ! meningeal artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.545 ! meningeal artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0002360 ! meninx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010249
name: posterior meningeal artery
def: "The posterior meningeal artery are small vessels which are branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery which supply the dura mater. It passes through the mastoid foramen before entering the cranium via the jugular foramen." [Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery]
synonym: "meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery]
synonym: "posterior meningeal arteries" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery]
synonym: "terminal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery" EXACT  [FMA:49503]
xref: FMA:49503 ! posterior meningeal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Meningeal_Artery ! posterior meningeal artery
is_a: UBERON:0003474 ! meningeal artery
synonym: "arteria meningea posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png
xref: UMLS:C0221310

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010250
name: middle meningeal artery
def: "The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. After branching off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, it runs through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater and the calvaria. The middle meningeal artery is the largest of the three (paired) arteries which supply the meninges, the others being the anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery. In approximately half of subjects it branches into an accessory meningeal artery. The middle meningeal artery runs beneath the pterion. It is vulnerable to injury at this point, where the skull is thin. Rupture of the artery may give rise to an epidural hematoma." [Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery]
synonym: "arteria meningea media" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0003474 ! meningeal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001616 {source="FMA"} ! maxillary artery
xref: FMA:49711 ! middle meningeal artery
xref: SCTID:278100005 ! Entire middle meningeal artery
synonym: "arteria meningea media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Middle_meningeal_artery.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010251
name: anterior meningeal artery
def: "a meningeal branch to the dura mater arising from the anterior ethmoidal artery." [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery#Branches]
comment: Editor notes: this needs checking as part of a general revision of the blood vessels and their branches - unclear if the anterior meningeal artery should be treated separately from the anterior ethmoidal artery (ie as a branch) or the same thing
synonym: "anterior ethmoid arteries" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "anterior ethmoid artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "anterior meningeal arteries" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "anterior meningeal artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "anterior meningeal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery" EXACT  [FMA:49993]
synonym: "arteria ethmoidalis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "a. ethmoidalis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
xref: FMA:49993 ! anterior meningeal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery
xref: SCTID:369327009 ! Entire anterior meningeal artery
is_a: UBERON:0003474 ! meningeal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0012318 {source="Wikipedia"} ! anterior ethmoidal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Meningeal_Artery ! anterior meningeal artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray514.png
xref: UMLS:C0226187

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003475
name: ureteric vein
def: "A vein that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ureter vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002250 ! ureteric vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056 ! ureter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003476
name: respiratory system venous blood vessel
def: "A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001809 ! respiratory system venous blood vessel
xref: MA:0001810 ! respiratory system vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013136
name: vein of lip
synonym: "lip vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vena labialis" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "labial vein" RELATED []
synonym: "labial vein of face" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0001833 ! lip
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001653 {source="FMA"} ! facial vein
xref: SCTID:367664002 ! Entire labial vein of face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003477
name: vein of upper lip
def: "The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip." [Wikipedia:Superior_labial_vein]
synonym: "vena labialis superior" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "upper lip vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior labial vein" EXACT [FMA:52538]
xref: MA:0002255 ! vein of upper lip
xref: FMA:52538 ! superior labial vein
xref: SCTID:422755007 ! Structure of superior labial vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0001834 ! upper lip
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001653 {source="FMA"} ! facial vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003478
name: vein of lower lip
def: "The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip." [Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein]
synonym: "vena labialis inferior" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "lower lip vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior labial vein" EXACT [FMA:52541]
synonym: "venae labiales inferiores" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein]
xref: FMA:52541 ! Inferior labial vein
xref: MA:0002253 ! vein of lower lip
xref: SCTID:422955002 ! Structure of inferior labial vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: drains UBERON:0001835 ! lower lip
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001653 {source="FMA"} ! facial vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006202
name: ventral labial vein
comment: Was obsoleted as it grouped a lip structure with an unknown MA vein, which be a genital vein
consider: MA:0002260 ! ventral labial vein
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003479
name: thoracic cavity vein
def: "A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of chest vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of thorax vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest cavity vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pectoral cavity vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of cavity of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of cavity of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of chest cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of pectoral cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of thoracic cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001903 ! thoracic cavity vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003480
name: vein of clitoris
def: "A vein that is part of a clitoris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "clitoris vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002252 ! vein of clitoris
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002411 ! clitoris
xref: SCTID:360819004 ! Structure of vein of clitoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013126
name: vein of abdomen
subset: grouping_class
comment: This class groups all veins that are in the abdomen. The term 'abdominal vein' may have specific meanings in different contexts. The lateral abdominal veins are present in fishes but usually merged or absent in tetrapods; in amphibians, the L&R abdominal veins merge into the ventral abdominal vein. TODO: mirror representation of abdominal aorta
synonym: "abdominal vein" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: SCTID:281473003 ! Entire abdominal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003482
name: vein of trabecular bone
def: "A portion of vein that is part of a trabecular bone tissue [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spongy bone vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecular bone tissue vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecular bone vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of spongy bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of trabecular bone tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002254 ! vein of trabecular bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002483 ! trabecular bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003483
name: thymus lymphoid tissue
def: "A portion of lymphoid tissue that is part of a thymus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic tissue of thymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic tissue of thymus gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphocytic tissue of thymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphocytic tissue of thymus gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphoid tissue of thymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphoid tissue of thymus gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus gland lymphatic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus gland lymphocytic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus gland lymphoid tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus lymphatic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus lymphocytic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymic lymphocytic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002673 ! thymus lymphoid tissue
xref: MESH:A06.407.850 ! thymus gland (also: UBERON:0002370 'thymus')
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymic_Lymphoid_Tissue ! Thymic Lymphoid Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001744 ! lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
xref: UMLS:C1515429

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013230
name: gland of nictitating membrane
comment: Consider merging with Harderian
synonym: "nictitans gland" EXACT []
synonym: "gland of the third eyelid" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Gland_of_the_Third_Eyelid]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010207 ! nictitating membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Gland_of_the_Third_Eyelid ! gland of the third eyelid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004187
name: Harderian gland
def: "The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species[GO]. An accessory lacrimal gland on the inner side of the orbit in reptiles and birds but usually degenerate in mammals[BTO]." [GO:0070384, Wikipedia:Harderian_gland]
synonym: "Harder's gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Hardarian gland" RELATED []
synonym: "gland of Hardarian" RELATED []
xref: EMAPA:19153 ! Harderian gland
xref: GAID:1219 ! harderian gland
xref: BTO:0000557 ! harderian gland
xref: MA:0001247 ! harderian gland
xref: MESH:A13.445 ! harderian gland
is_a: UBERON:0001817 {source="BTO"} ! lacrimal gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 ! Homo sapiens
xref: ncithesaurus:Harderian_Gland ! Harderian Gland
xref: SCTID:41474005 ! Harderian gland structure
subset: organ_slim
xref: UMLS:C0018597

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003484
name: eye sebaceous gland
def: "A sebaceous gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "camera-type eye sebaceous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sebaceous gland of camera-type eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sebaceous gland of vertebrate eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate eye sebaceous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002452 ! eye sebaceous gland
is_a: UBERON:0003487 {source="MA"} ! skin sebaceous gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003485
name: vagina sebaceous gland
def: "A sebaceous gland that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sebaceous gland of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001732 ! vagina sebaceous gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003486
name: mammary gland sebaceous gland
def: "A sebaceous gland that is part of a mammary gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland sebaceous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast sebaceous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland sebaceous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sebaceous gland of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sebaceous gland of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sebaceous gland of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sebaceous gland of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000794 ! mammary gland sebaceous gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003489
name: respiratory system capillary endothelium
def: "An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius capillary endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of capillary of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of capillary of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system endothelium of capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius blood capillary endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius endothelium of blood capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius endothelium of capillary vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood capillary endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood capillary endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary vessel endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of blood capillary of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of capillary vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system blood capillary endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system capillary vessel endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system endothelium of blood capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system endothelium of capillary vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001808 ! respiratory system capillary endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001915 ! endothelium of capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003526 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! respiratory system capillary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003504 {source="reference_0000032"} ! respiratory system blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003490
name: respiratory system reticular lamina
def: "A reticular lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius fibroreticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius lamina fibroreticularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius reticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibroreticular lamina of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibroreticular lamina of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina fibroreticularis of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina fibroreticularis of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system fibroreticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system lamina fibroreticularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001817 ! respiratory system reticular lamina
intersection_of: UBERON:0001967 ! reticular lamina
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003493
name: trachea reticular lamina
def: "A reticular lamina that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibroreticular lamina of cartilaginous trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibroreticular lamina of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina fibroreticularis of cartilaginous trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina fibroreticularis of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of cartilaginous trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe fibroreticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe lamina fibroreticularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe reticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001856 ! trachea reticular lamina
intersection_of: UBERON:0001967 ! reticular lamina
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009653 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! trachea basement membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003492
name: bronchus reticular lamina
def: "A reticular lamina that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi fibroreticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi lamina fibroreticularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi reticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk fibroreticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk lamina fibroreticularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk reticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus fibroreticular lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus lamina fibroreticularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibroreticular lamina of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibroreticular lamina of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibroreticular lamina of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina fibroreticularis of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina fibroreticularis of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina fibroreticularis of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001834 ! bronchus reticular lamina
intersection_of: UBERON:0001967 ! reticular lamina
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009652 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! bronchus basement membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003494
name: respiratory system venule
def: "A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius venule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "venule of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "venule of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001813 ! respiratory system venule
intersection_of: UBERON:0001979 ! venule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003495
name: respiratory system arteriole
def: "An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001803 ! respiratory system arteriole
intersection_of: UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003469 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! respiratory system artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003496
name: head blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000575 ! head blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: SCTID:127865000 ! Entire blood vessel of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011362 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! cranial blood vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003497
name: abdomen blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
property_value: seeAlso "UBERON:0012254" xsd:string {notes="abdominal aorta artery"}
synonym: "blood vessel of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000518 ! abdomen blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003498
name: heart blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002483 ! heart blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003499
name: brain blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002769 ! brain blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003500
name: corneal blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a cornea [Automatically generated definition]." [UBERON:cjm, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3564332&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
comment: Editor notes: follow up on tracker item
synonym: "blood vessel of cornea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cornea blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001241 ! corneal blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9775 {source="PMID:17051153"} ! Trichechidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003502
name: neck blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000583 ! neck blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003503
name: leg blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000669 ! leg blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003504
name: respiratory system blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001799 ! respiratory system blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003505
name: trachea blood vessel
alt_id: UBERON:0003525
synonym: "blood vessel of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001852 ! trachea blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003506
name: chest blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000549 ! chest blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003507
name: arm blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000591 ! arm blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003508
name: pedal digit blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit blood vessel" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "blood vessel of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000645 ! foot digit blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
synonym: "foot digit blood vessel" EXACT [MA:0000645]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003510
name: eyelid blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blepharon blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of blepharon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001250 ! eyelid blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003511
name: iris blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "blood vessel of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001290 ! iris blood vessel
xref: ZFA:0005568 ! iris blood vessels (also: UBERON:0004118 'vasculature of iris')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004118 ! vasculature of iris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003512
name: lung blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002457 ! lung blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003513
name: trunk blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000511 ! trunk blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003514
name: limb blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000687 ! limb blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003515
name: forelimb blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing blood vessel" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000611 ! forelimb blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003516
name: hindlimb blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000659 ! hindlimb blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003517
name: kidney blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "blood vessel of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001682 ! kidney blood vessel
xref: ZFA:0005306 ! kidney blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006544 ! kidney vasculature
xref: TAO:0005306 ! kidney blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006544 ! kidney vasculature
name: kidney vasculature
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0005305 ! kidney vasculature
xref: EMAPA:28457 ! renal vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: TAO:0005305 ! kidney vasculature
def: "A vasculature that is part of a kidney." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003518
name: main bronchus blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001844 ! main bronchus blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003519
name: thoracic cavity blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of cavity of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of cavity of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of chest cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of pectoral cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of thoracic cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of chest blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of thorax blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest cavity blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pectoral cavity blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000554 ! thoracic cavity blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003520
name: pelvis blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000531 ! pelvis blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003521
name: pes blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hind limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000642 ! foot blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "foot blood vessel" EXACT [MA:0000642]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003522
name: manual digit blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit blood vessel" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "blood vessel of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000621 ! hand digit blood vessel
synonym: "hand digit blood vessel" EXACT [MA:0000621]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003523
name: manus blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm autopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm distal free limb segment blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of arm blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of brachial region blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of arm autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of arm distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of autopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of autopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of brachial region autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of brachial region distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of distal free limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of distal free limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region autopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region distal free limb segment blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of arm blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of brachial region blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb autopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000618 ! hand blood vessel
synonym: "hand blood vessel" EXACT [MA:0000618]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003524
name: tail blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000695 ! tail blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003526
name: respiratory system capillary
def: "A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius blood capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius capillary vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood capillary of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood capillary of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary vessel of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system blood capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system capillary vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001807 ! respiratory system capillary
intersection_of: UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003527
name: kidney capillary
def: "A capillary that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood capillary of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary vessel of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney blood capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney capillary vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002586 ! kidney capillary
xref: EMAPA:31443 ! renal capillaries
intersection_of: UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: SCTID:275409003 ! Entire capillary of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006544 {source="reference_0000032"} ! kidney vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004212
name: glomerular capillary
def: "A capillary that is part of a renal glomerulus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "blood capillary of renal glomerulus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary of renal glomerulus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capillary vessel of renal glomerulus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal glomerulus blood capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal glomerulus capillary" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal glomerulus capillary vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "glomerular capillary system" RELATED [MA:0002587]
synonym: "glomerular capillaries" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: MA:0002587 ! glomerular capillary
xref: ZFA:0005284 ! glomerular capillary
xref: ncithesaurus:Glomerular_Capillary ! Glomerular Capillary
xref: EMAPA:28245 ! glomerular capillary system
xref: SCTID:362049007 ! Entire glomerular capillaries
intersection_of: UBERON:0001982 ! capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus
xref: TAO:0005284 ! glomerular capillary
property_value: external_definition "Capillary that is part of the renal glomerulus. Glomerular capillary endothelial membranes in zebrafish normally have a fenestrated morphology that is visible at the ultrastructural level.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005284", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-000824-1", source="ZFIN:curator"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004190 {source="reference_0000032"} ! glomerulus vasculature
xref: UMLS:C0226356

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003528
name: brain grey matter
def: "A gray matter of neuraxis that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brain gray matter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brain gray matter of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brain grey substance" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gray matter of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gray matter of neuraxis of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "grey matter of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "grey substance of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000810 ! brain grey matter
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Gray_Matter ! Brain Gray Matter
intersection_of: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: UMLS:C1707348

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003529
name: respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium
def: "An endothelium of lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of lymphatic vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system endothelium of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of lymph vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system endothelium of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001825 ! respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002042 ! endothelium of lymphatic vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003456 ! respiratory system lymphatic vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003530
name: pedal digit skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit skin" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit skin" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "digit of foot skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000650 ! foot digit skin
xref: FMA:37852 ! Skin of toe
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_Skin ! Foot Digit Skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
xref: SCTID:181530005 ! Entire skin of toe
synonym: "foot digit skin" EXACT [MA:0000650]
xref: UMLS:C1708089

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003531
name: forelimb skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing skin" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check free limb vs pectoral complex
synonym: "anteriormost limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of upper limb" EXACT [FMA:23101]
synonym: "upper limb skin" EXACT [FMA:23101]
xref: MA:0000617 ! forelimb skin
xref: FMA:23101 ! Skin of upper limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
xref: SCTID:244130001 ! Entire skin of upper extremity
xref: ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Upper_Limb_and_Shoulder ! skin of the upper limb and shoulder
xref: UMLS:C0222212

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003532
name: hindlimb skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check free limb vs pelvic complex
synonym: "hind limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lower limb" EXACT [FMA:23102]
synonym: "lower limb skin" EXACT [FMA:23102]
xref: MA:0000665 ! hindlimb skin
xref: FMA:23102 ! Skin of lower limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: SCTID:181528008 ! Entire skin of lower extremity
xref: ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Lower_Limb_and_Hip ! skin of the lower limb and hip
xref: UMLS:C0222268

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003533
name: manual digit skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit skin" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit skin" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "digit of hand skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000626 ! hand digit skin
synonym: "hand digit skin" EXACT [MA:0000626]
xref: FMA:38304 ! Skin of finger
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_Skin ! Hand Digit Skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
xref: SCTID:361711001 ! Entire skin of finger
xref: UMLS:C1708318

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003534
name: tail skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000700 ! tail skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail
xref: SCTID:67214004 ! Skin of tail

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003535
name: vagus X nerve trunk
xref: MA:0001150 ! vagus X nerve trunk
xref: FMA:6221 ! Trunk of vagus nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0002464 ! nerve trunk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001759 ! vagus nerve
xref: SCTID:280308004 ! Trunk of vagus nerve
synonym: "trunk of vagus nerve" EXACT [FMA:6221]
synonym: "vagus neural trunk" EXACT [FMA:6221]
def: "A nerve trunk that is part of a vagus nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003540
name: right lung terminal bronchiole
def: "A terminal bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lung bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal bronchiole of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001789 ! right lung terminal bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Terminal_Bronchiole ! Right Lung Terminal Bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0002187 ! terminal bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: UMLS:C1709961

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003541
name: left lung terminal bronchiole
def: "A terminal bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lung bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal bronchiole of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001780 ! left lung terminal bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Terminal_Bronchiole ! Left Lung Terminal Bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0002187 ! terminal bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
xref: UMLS:C1708675

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003542
name: right lung respiratory bronchiole
def: "A respiratory bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory bronchiole of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lung bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001788 ! right lung respiratory bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Respiratory_Bronchiole ! Right Lung Respiratory Bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0002188 ! respiratory bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: UMLS:C1709960

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003543
name: left lung respiratory bronchiole
def: "A respiratory bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lung bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory bronchiole of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001779 ! left lung respiratory bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Respiratory_Bronchiole ! Left Lung Respiratory Bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0002188 ! respiratory bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
xref: UMLS:C1708674

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003544
name: brain white matter
def: "the regions of the brain that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites." [MP:0008026]
synonym: "brain white matter of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brain white substance" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "white matter of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "white matter of neuraxis of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "white substance of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000820 ! brain white matter
xref: ncithesaurus:Brain_White_Matter ! Brain White Matter
intersection_of: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: UMLS:C1706995

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003545
name: obsolete brainstem white matter
comment: obsoleted as definition is unclear. cerebellar peduncle originally classified here but in ABA brainstem and cerbellum are spatially disjoint
consider: MA:0002741 ! brainstem white matter
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003547
name: brain meninx
def: "A meninx that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brain meninges" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninx of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000813 ! brain meninges
xref: VHOG:0000013 ! brain meninges
xref: EV:0100312 ! meninges (also: UBERON:0002360 'meninx')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
subset: organ_slim
xref: SCTID:180949007 ! Region of brain meninges
property_value: external_definition "Meninges that are part of the brain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000013", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000013", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003548
name: forebrain meninges
def: "A meninx that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forebrain meninx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninges of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meninx of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000883 ! forebrain meninges
xref: EMAPA:17764 ! meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003290 'meninx of diencephalon')
xref: EMAPA:17774 ! meninges of telencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003289 'meninx of telencephalon')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002360 ! meninx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003549
name: brain pia mater
def: "the fibrous membrane forming the innermost of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity that is firmly attached to the glial capsule." [MP:0009026]
synonym: "brain pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000816 ! brain pia mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Brain_Pia_Mater ! Brain Pia Mater
xref: VHOG:0000470 ! brain pia mater
xref: EV:0100315 ! pia mater (also: UBERON:0002361 'pia mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
property_value: external_definition "The innermost of the three mammalian meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000470", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pia+mater", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000470", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1706994

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003550
name: forebrain pia mater
def: "A pia mater that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forebrain pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000886 ! forebrain pia mater
xref: EMAPA:17767 ! pia mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003553 'diencephalon pia mater')
xref: EMAPA:17777 ! pia mater of meninges of telencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003552 'telencephalon pia mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003551
name: midbrain pia mater
def: "A pia mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001061 ! midbrain pia mater
xref: VHOG:0000467 ! midbrain pia mater
xref: EHDAA2:0001175 ! midbrain pia mater
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001110 ! mesencephalon pia mater
xref: EMAPA:17794 ! pia mater of meninges of midbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
synonym: "mesencephalon pia mater" RELATED [VHOG:0000467]
property_value: external_definition "Pia mater that is part of the midbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000467", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000467", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003552
name: telencephalon pia mater
def: "A pia mater that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of telencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of telencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "telencephalon pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000982 ! telencephalon pia mater
xref: VHOG:0000476 ! telencephalon pia mater
xref: EHDAA2:0001992 ! telencephalon pia mater
xref: EMAPA:17777 ! pia mater of meninges of telencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003550 'forebrain pia mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Pia mater that is part of the telencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000476", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000476", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003553
name: diencephalon pia mater
def: "A pia mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain pia mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain pia mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon pia mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000829 ! diencephalon pia mater
xref: VHOG:0000475 ! diencephalon pia mater
xref: EHDAA2:0000400 ! diencephalon pia mater
xref: EMAPA:17767 ! pia mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003550 'forebrain pia mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Pia mater that is part of the diencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000475", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000475", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003554
name: hindbrain pia mater
def: "A pia mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindbrain pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of hindbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of hindbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000990 ! hindbrain pia mater
xref: VHOG:0000466 ! hindbrain pia mater
xref: EHDAA2:0000772 ! hindbrain pia mater
xref: EMAPA:17786 ! pia mater of meninges of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
synonym: "rhombencephalon pia mater" RELATED [VHOG:0000466]
property_value: external_definition "Pia mater that is part of the hindbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000466", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000466", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003555
name: spinal cord pia mater
def: "A pia mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of neuraxis of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pia mater of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord pia mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001133 ! spinal cord pia mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Pia_Mater ! Spinal Cord Pia Mater
xref: VHOG:0000468 ! spinal cord pia mater
xref: EHDAA2:0001896 ! spinal cord pia mater
xref: EMAPA:17807 ! pia mater of meninges of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "The innermost of the three mammalian meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000468", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pia+mater", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000468", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1710148

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003556
name: forebrain arachnoid mater
def: "An arachnoid mater that is part of a forebrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forebrain arachnoid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forebrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000884 ! forebrain arachnoid mater
xref: EMAPA:17765 ! arachnoid mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003558 'diencephalon arachnoid mater')
xref: EMAPA:17775 ! arachnoid mater of meninges of telencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0005400 'telencephalon arachnoid mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005400
name: telencephalon arachnoid mater
synonym: "telencephalon arachnoid matter" EXACT [MA:0000980]
xref: MA:0000980 ! telencephalon arachnoid matter
xref: EMAPA:17775 ! arachnoid mater of meninges of telencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003556 'forebrain arachnoid mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
def: "An arachnoid mater that is part of a telencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003557
name: midbrain arachnoid mater
def: "An arachnoid mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain arachnoid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001059 ! midbrain arachnoid mater
xref: VHOG:0000233 ! midbrain arachnoid mater
xref: EMAPA:17792 ! arachnoid mater of meninges of midbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
synonym: "mesencephalon arachnoid mater" RELATED [VHOG:0000233]
property_value: external_definition "Arachnoid mater that is part of the midbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000233", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000233", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003558
name: diencephalon arachnoid mater
def: "An arachnoid mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain arachnoid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain arachnoid mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon arachnoid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain arachnoid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain arachnoid mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon arachnoid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon arachnoid mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000827 ! diencephalon arachnoid mater
xref: VHOG:0000231 ! diencephalon arachnoid mater
xref: EMAPA:17765 ! arachnoid mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0003556 'forebrain arachnoid mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Arachnoid mater that is part of the diencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000231", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000231", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003559
name: hindbrain arachnoid mater
def: "An arachnoid mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of hindbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis of hindbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid of hindbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindbrain arachnoid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindbrain arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000988 ! hindbrain arachnoid mater
xref: VHOG:0000236 ! hindbrain arachnoid mater
xref: EMAPA:17784 ! arachnoid mater of meninges of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
synonym: "rhombencephalon arachnoid mater" RELATED [VHOG:0000236]
property_value: external_definition "Arachnoid mater that is part of the hindbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000236", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000236", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003560
name: spinal cord arachnoid mater
def: "An arachnoid mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of neuraxis of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid mater of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arachnoid of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord arachnoid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord arachnoid mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001131 ! spinal cord arachnoid mater
xref: VHOG:0000234 ! spinal cord arachnoid mater
xref: EMAPA:17805 ! arachnoid mater of meninges of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002362 ! arachnoid mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "The middle membrane of the three mammalian meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000234", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arachnoid+mater", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000234", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003561
name: forebrain dura mater
synonym: "dura mater of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of forebrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forebrain dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000885 ! forebrain dura mater
xref: EMAPA:17766 ! dura mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0002092 'brain dura mater') (also: UBERON:0003564 'diencephalon dura mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain
def: "A dura mater that is part of a forebrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003562
name: midbrain dura mater
def: "A dura mater that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of midbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "midbrain dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001060 ! midbrain dura mater
xref: VHOG:0000410 ! midbrain dura mater
xref: EMAPA:17793 ! dura mater of meninges of midbrain (also: UBERON:0002092 'brain dura mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
synonym: "mesencephalon dura mater" RELATED [VHOG:0000410]
property_value: external_definition "Dura mater that is part of the midbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000410", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000410", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003563
name: telencephalon dura mater
def: "A dura mater that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of telencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of telencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "telencephalon dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000981 ! telencephalon dura mater
intersection_of: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003564
name: diencephalon dura mater
def: "A dura mater that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain dura mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "between brain dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of between brain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of interbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of mature diencephalon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain dura mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interbrain dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon dura mater" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mature diencephalon dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000828 ! diencephalon dura mater
xref: VHOG:0000258 ! diencephalon dura mater
xref: EMAPA:17766 ! dura mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain (also: UBERON:0002092 'brain dura mater') (also: UBERON:0003561 'forebrain dura mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Dura mater that is part of the diencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000258", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000258", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003565
name: hindbrain dura mater
def: "A dura mater that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of hindbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dura mater of neuraxis of hindbrain" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindbrain dura mater of neuraxis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000989 ! hindbrain dura mater
xref: VHOG:0000409 ! hindbrain dura mater
xref: EMAPA:17785 ! dura mater of meninges of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system (also: UBERON:0002092 'brain dura mater')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
synonym: "rhombencephalon dura mater" RELATED [VHOG:0000409]
property_value: external_definition "Dura mater that is part of the hindbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000409", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000409", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003566
name: head connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000577 ! head connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003567
name: abdomen connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdomen portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdomen textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000519 ! abdomen connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003568
name: neck connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000585 ! neck connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003569
name: leg connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "leg portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "leg textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000671 ! leg connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003570
name: respiratory system connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001814 ! respiratory system connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003571
name: trachea connective tissue
synonym: "connective tissue of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001853 ! trachea connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
def: "A connective tissue that is part of a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003572
name: chest connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000550 ! chest connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! chest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003573
name: arm connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000593 ! arm connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003574
name: elbow connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of elbow" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cubital region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cubital region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cubital region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elbow portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elbow textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of elbow" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of elbow" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000609 ! elbow connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001461 ! elbow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003575
name: wrist connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "carpal region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "carpal region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "carpal region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of carpal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of wrist" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of carpal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of wrist" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of carpal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of wrist" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wrist portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wrist textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000636 ! wrist connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003576
name: hip connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000656 ! hip connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001464 ! hip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003577
name: knee connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of knee" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "knee portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "knee textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of knee" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of knee" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000667 ! knee connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001465 ! knee

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003578
name: pedal digit connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit connective tissue" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "connective tissue of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000647 ! foot digit connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
synonym: "foot digit connective tissue" EXACT [MA:0000647]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003579
name: shoulder connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000632 ! shoulder connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003580
name: lower respiratory tract connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002409 ! lower respiratory tract connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001558 ! lower respiratory tract


[Term]
id: UBERON:0003582
name: nasopharynx connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of nasopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasopharynx portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasopharynx textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of nasopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of nasopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001864 ! nasopharynx connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001728 ! nasopharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003583
name: larynx connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "larynx portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "larynx textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001754 ! larynx connective tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Connective_Tissue ! Laryngeal Connective Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
xref: UMLS:C1708651

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003584
name: mammary gland connective tissue
def: "the fibrous supportive tissue of the mammary gland." [MP:0009507]
synonym: "connective tissue of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002897 ! mammary gland connective tissue
xref: FMA:74479 ! Connective tissue of lactiferous gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003585
name: dermis connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of dermis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dermis portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dermis textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of dermis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of dermis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000799 ! dermis connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003586
name: trunk connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000513 ! trunk connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003587
name: limb connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000689 ! limb connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003588
name: forelimb connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing connective tissue" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000613 ! forelimb connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003589
name: hindlimb connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000661 ! hindlimb connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003590
name: main bronchus connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001845 ! main bronchus connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003591
name: lobar bronchus connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001841 ! lobar bronchus connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003592
name: bronchus connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001831 ! bronchus connective tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Connective_Tissue ! Bronchus Connective Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
xref: UMLS:C1707052

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003593
name: thoracic cavity connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of chest connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of chest portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of chest textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of thorax connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of thorax portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of thorax textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest cavity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest cavity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest cavity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of cavity of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of cavity of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of chest cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of pectoral cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of thoracic cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pectoral cavity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pectoral cavity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pectoral cavity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of cavity of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of cavity of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of chest cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of pectoral cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of thoracic cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of cavity of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of cavity of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of chest cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of pectoral cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of thoracic cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic cavity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic cavity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000555 ! thoracic cavity connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003594
name: pelvis connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000533 ! pelvis connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003595
name: pes connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hind limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hind limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000644 ! foot connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "foot connective tissue" EXACT [MA:0000644]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003596
name: ankle connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tarsal region connective tissue" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "ankle portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ankle textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of ankle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of ankle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of ankle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000639 ! ankle connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003597
name: manual digit connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit connective tissue" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "connective tissue of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000623 ! hand digit connective tissue
synonym: "hand digit connective tissue" EXACT [MA:0000623]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! hand digit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003598
name: manus connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm autopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm autopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm autopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm distal free limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm distal free limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of arm connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of brachial region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of brachial region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region autopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region autopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region autopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region distal free limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region distal free limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of arm autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of arm distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of autopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of autopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of brachial region autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of brachial region distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of distal free limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of distal free limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of arm connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of brachial region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of brachial region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of brachial region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of arm autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of arm distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of autopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of autopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of brachial region autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of brachial region distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb autopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb autopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb autopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of arm autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of arm distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of autopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of autopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of brachial region autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of brachial region distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000620 ! hand connective tissue
synonym: "hand connective tissue" EXACT [MA:0000620]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003599
name: tail connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tail portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tail textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000697 ! tail connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003601
name: neck cartilage
def: "A cartilage that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000586 ! neck cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003603
name: lower respiratory tract cartilage
def: "A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001819 ! lower respiratory tract cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Cartilage ! Lower Respiratory Tract Cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001558 ! lower respiratory tract
xref: UMLS:C1708759

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003605
name: eye skin gland
def: "A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "camera-type eye skin gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "camera-type eye skin glands" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "camera-type eye skin glands set" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin gland of camera-type eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin gland of vertebrate eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin glands of camera-type eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin glands of vertebrate eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin glands set of camera-type eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin glands set of vertebrate eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate eye skin gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate eye skin glands" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate eye skin glands set" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002451 ! eye skin gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002419 ! skin gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003606
name: limb long bone
def: "A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000298 ! limb long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003607
name: forelimb long bone
def: "A long bone that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing long bone" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000299 ! forelimb long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003608
name: hindlimb long bone
def: "A long bone that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000300 ! hindlimb long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003609
name: aorta elastic tissue
def: "the dense connective tissue which contains predominantly elastic fibers and is found in the tunica media of the aorta wall." [MP:0009862]
synonym: "adult aorta elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aorta elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aorta textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002859 ! aorta elastic tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002521 ! elastic tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! aorta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003610
name: heart elastic tissue
def: "the type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers." [MP:0009863]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002858 ! heart elastic tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002521 ! elastic tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003611
name: respiratory system elastic tissue
def: "An elastic tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001820 ! respiratory system elastic tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002521 ! elastic tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004777 ! respiratory system submucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003613
name: cardiovascular system elastic tissue
def: "An elastic tissue that is part of a circulatory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiovascular system elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiovascular system textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "circulatory system elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "circulatory system elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "circulatory system textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of cardiovascular system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of circulatory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of cardiovascular system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of circulatory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of cardiovascular system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of circulatory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002857 ! cardiovascular system elastic tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002521 ! elastic tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003614
name: blood vessel elastic tissue
def: "An elastic tissue that is part of a blood vessel [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002856 ! blood vessel elastic tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002521 ! elastic tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003615
name: lung elastic tissue
def: "An elastic tissue that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lung elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lung textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002860 ! lung elastic tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002521 ! elastic tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003616
name: bronchus elastic tissue
def: "An elastic tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001838 ! bronchus elastic tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Elastic_Tissue ! Bronchus Elastic Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002521 ! elastic tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001957 ! submucosa of bronchus
xref: UMLS:C1707053

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003617
name: trachea elastic tissue
def: "An elastic tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous trachea elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous trachea elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous trachea textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of cartilaginous trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of vertebrate trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic connective tissue of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of cartilaginous trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of vertebrate trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "elastic tissue of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of cartilaginous trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of vertebrate trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus elasticus of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate trachea elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate trachea elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate trachea textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe elastic connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe elastic tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "windpipe textus connectivus elasticus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001861 ! trachea elastic tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002521 ! elastic tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002202 ! submucosa of trachea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003618 ! aorta tunica media
name: aorta tunica media
def: "the middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers." [MP:0009873]
synonym: "adult aorta tunica media" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta tunica media" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree tunica media" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica media of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica media of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica media of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica media of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002903 ! aorta tunica media
xref: FMA:74433 ! Tunica media of aorta
intersection_of: UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004663 ! aorta wall
xref: SCTID:48467007 ! Aortic tunica media

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006563 ! tunica media of pulmonary trunk
name: tunica media of pulmonary trunk
def: "Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA]" [FMA:85030, FMA:FMA]
xref: FMA:85030 ! tunica media of pulmonary trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002333 ! pulmonary trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003619
name: aorta tunica intima
def: "the innermost layer of the aorta, containing the endothelium and an inner elastic membrane." [MP:0009872]
synonym: "adult aorta tunica intima" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta tunica intima" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree tunica intima" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica intima of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica intima of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica intima of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica intima of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002904 ! aorta tunica intima
xref: FMA:74419 ! Tunica intima of aorta
intersection_of: UBERON:0002523 ! tunica intima
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004663 ! aorta wall
xref: SCTID:362031007 ! Entire aortic tunica intima

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005881 ! limb outgrowth
name: limb outgrowth
comment: encompasses digits and prepollex. requires review
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002544
name: digit
def: "one of several most distal parts of a limb, such as fingers or toes, present in many vertebrates[WP]." [Wikipedia:Digit_(anatomy)]
comment: todo homology ZFA:0001588-pectoral fin distal radial. Note: This term is a GAT in FMA. Note: we elect to place a strict taxon constraint on this class - this is controversial, and may be weakened later on - see [Wikipedia:Digit_(anatomy)#Evolution]. AO notes: EMAPA mapping from TH
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "limb digit" EXACT [MA:0000690]
xref: EMAPA:32725 ! limb digit
xref: EFO:0000881 ! digit
xref: galen:Digit
xref: VHOG:0000944 ! digits
xref: MA:0000690 ! limb digit
xref: MAT:0000285 ! digit
xref: MIAA:0000285 ! digit
xref: FMA:85518 ! Digit
xref: ncithesaurus:Digit ! Digit
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzLD_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! digit
xref: XAO:0003032 ! digit
is_a: UBERON:0005881 ! limb outgrowth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012354 ! acropodium region
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012140 {source="PHENOSCAPE:ni"} ! digitopodium region
xref: SCTID:361367007 ! Entire digit
xref: AAO:0011126 ! digit
property_value: homology_notes "Our reinterpretation of the distal fin endoskeleton of Panderichthys removes the final piece of evidence supporting the formerly popular hypothesis that tetrapod digits are wholly new structures without homologues in sarcopterygian fish fins. This hypothesis, which was based partly on the complete absence of plausible digit homologues in Panderichthys (then the closest known relative of tetrapods), has already been called into question by the discovery of digit-like radials in Tiktaalik and the fact that Hox gene expression patterns closely resembling those associated with digit formation in tetrapods occur in the distal fin skeletons of paddlefish and Australian lungfish. Our new data show that Panderichthys is not an anomaly: like Tiktaalik and other fish members of the Tetrapodomorpha, it has distal radials that can be interpreted as digit homologues.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000944", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/nature07339 Boisvert CA\, Mark-Kurik E and Ahlberg PE\, The pectoral fin of Panderichthys and the origin of digits. Nature (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "digital" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0582802

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005880
name: prepollex
def: "A rudimentary additional digit-like structure on the preaxial side of the thumb of certain amphibians and mammals[dictionary.com]." [http://dictionary.com]
comment: not homologous to digit 1 of tetrapods. Note we treat the prepollex as distinct from the digits, which are not part of the carpus
synonym: "pseudothumb" RELATED [doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1038]
is_a: UBERON:0005881 ! limb outgrowth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
property_value: external_definition "Two or more elements located ventral and medial to the metacarpal of digit II(I). The proximal prepollex is small and round whereas distal prepollex 1 is usually large and wedge-shaped. When more elements are present, they are smaller than previous elements.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000852", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012135
name: prepollex skeleton
comment: A prepollex does not contain phalanges nor does it articulate with a metacarpal. It articulates with elements of the carpal (wrist) skeleton[AAO:DB]. TODO: add articulation relations
synonym: "cartilago pre-pollicis" RELATED  [AAO:0000852]
synonym: "prepollex" BROAD  [AAO:0000852]
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005880 ! prepollex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 {source="AAO"} ! carpal skeleton
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
xref: AAO:0000852 ! prepollex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012136 ! prehallux
name: prehallux
is_a: UBERON:0005881 ! limb outgrowth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
property_value: has_relational_adjective "prehallical" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006048
name: digit 1
is_a: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
property_value: ray_number "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "limb digit 1" EXACT [MA:00003023]
synonym: "autopod digit 1" EXACT []
synonym: "dewclaw" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Dewclaw]
xref: MA:00003023 ! limb digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006049
name: digit 2
is_a: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
property_value: ray_number "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006050
name: digit 3
is_a: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
property_value: ray_number "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006051
name: digit 4
is_a: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
property_value: ray_number "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006052
name: digit 5
is_a: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
property_value: ray_number "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001463
name: manual digit 1
def: "1st (preaxial) digit of the manus[Wikipedia]." [Wikipedia:Thumb, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2553264]
synonym: "hand digit 1" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
comment: Not present in Anurans (Phenotype RCN Oct 2012)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "manual digit 1" EXACT []
synonym: "digit 1 of manus" EXACT []
synonym: "first digit of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "digitus primus [I]" BROAD []
synonym: "digitus 1" BROAD []
synonym: "pollex" EXACT []
synonym: "thumb" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "alula" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Alula]
synonym: "digit 1 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17429]
synonym: "fore digit I" EXACT [AAO:0010639]
synonym: "finger 1" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000511]
synonym: "pollex" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Thumb]
synonym: "digitus primus" BROAD LATIN [Wikipedia:Thumb]
synonym: "digitus I" BROAD LATIN [Wikipedia:Thumb]
synonym: "hand digit 1" EXACT [MA:0000454]
xref: FMA:24938 ! Thumb
xref: GAID:58 ! thumb
xref: MA:0000454 ! hand digit 1
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjVbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_1 ! Hand Digit 1
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjVbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! thumb
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Thumb-up.jpg/200px-Thumb-up.jpg
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.667.430.705 ! thumb
xref: EMAPA:17429 ! digit 1 of fore-paw
xref: AAO:0010639 ! fore digit I
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006048
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: SCTID:302540006 ! Entire thumb
xref: EHDAA2:0000511 ! finger 1
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Thumbs_up.jpg
property_value: taxon_notes "This class represents the standard tetrapod configuration. Wagner proposes that avian digits I,II,III develop from C2,C3,C4. To support this scheme we have separate classes representing the avian digits (here called alula, manual digit, major digit)." xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:8782", source="PhenoscapeRCN", source="PMID:10220427", seeAlso="UBERON:0012260"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 {source="reference_0000032"} ! manual digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C0040067

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012260
name: alula (Aves)
def: "A manual digit found in Aves that is the most preaxial position and is morphologically similar to digit 1 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 2, with contributions from embryonic digit 1." [PhenoscapeRCN:Oct2012, PMID:10220427]
comment: Hypothesized to be homologous to manual digit 1 of other tetrapods. Develops from the embryonic digit that is positionally the 2nd, with contributions from the 1st
synonym: "wing digit I" RELATED []
synonym: "wing digit 1 (adult)" RELATED []
synonym: "wing digit 2 (embryonic)" RELATED []
synonym: "alula" RELATED []
synonym: "digit I of manus" RELATED []
synonym: "digit I(CII) of manus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005692 {source="PMID:10220427"} ! manual digit 2 mesenchyme
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010564 {source="PMID:10220427"} ! manual digit 1 mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003622
name: manual digit 2
def: "2nd digit of the manus." [Wikipedia:Index_finger]
synonym: "hand digit 2" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
comment: Anurans lack manual digit 1, so manual digit 2 is the digit after the prepollex (Phenotype RCN Oct 2012)
synonym: "2nd digit of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "2nd finger" EXACT []
synonym: "index finger" NARROW []
synonym: "second finger" EXACT []
synonym: "second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:24946]
synonym: "digit 2 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17432]
synonym: "fore digit II" EXACT [AAO:0010640]
xref: FMA:24946 ! Index finger
xref: MA:0000455 ! hand digit 2
synonym: "hand digit 2" EXACT [MA:0000455]
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_2 ! Hand Digit 2
xref: EHDAA2:0000517 ! finger 2
synonym: "finger 2" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000517]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Index_finger.JPG/200px-Index_finger.JPG
xref: EMAPA:17432 ! digit 2 of fore-paw
xref: AAO:0010640 ! fore digit II
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006049
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Index_finger.JPG
xref: SCTID:362758006 ! Entire index finger
property_value: taxon_notes "This class represents the standard tetrapod configuration. Wagner proposes that avian digits I,II,III develop from C2,C3,C4. To support this scheme we have separate classes representing the avian digits (here called alula, manual digit, major digit)." xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:8782", source="PhenoscapeRCN", source="PMID:10220427", seeAlso="UBERON:0012261"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 {source="reference_0000032"} ! manual digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C0230388

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012261
name: manual major digit (Aves)
def: "A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 2 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 3." [PhenoscapeRCN:Oct2012, PMID:10220427]
comment: Hypothesized to be homologous to manual digit 2 of other tetrapods
synonym: "wing digit II" RELATED []
synonym: "wing digit 2 (adult)" RELATED []
synonym: "wing digit 3 (embryonic)" RELATED []
synonym: "manual major digit" RELATED []
synonym: "digit II of manus" RELATED []
synonym: "digit II(CIII) of manus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005693 {source="PMID:10220427"} ! manual digit 3 mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003623
name: manual digit 3
def: "3rd digit of the manus." [Wikipedia:Middle_finger]
synonym: "hand digit 3" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "3rd finger" EXACT []
synonym: "middle finger" NARROW []
synonym: "third finger" EXACT []
synonym: "third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:24947]
synonym: "digit 3 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17435]
synonym: "fore digit III" EXACT [AAO:0010641]
xref: FMA:24947 ! Middle finger
xref: MA:0000456 ! hand digit 3
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_3 ! Hand Digit 3
xref: EHDAA2:0000523 ! finger 3
synonym: "finger 3" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000523]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Middle_finger.jpg/200px-Middle_finger.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17435 ! digit 3 of fore-paw
xref: AAO:0010641 ! fore digit III
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006050
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
synonym: "digitus medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_finger]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Middle_finger.jpg
xref: SCTID:362763005 ! Entire middle finger
synonym: "hand digit 3" EXACT [MA:0000456]
property_value: taxon_notes "This class represents the standard tetrapod configuration. Wagner proposes that avian digits I,II,III develop from C2,C3,C4. To support this scheme we have separate classes representing the avian digits (here called alula, manual digit, major digit)." xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:8782", source="PhenoscapeRCN", source="PMID:10220427", seeAlso="UBERON:0012262"}
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 {source="reference_0000032"} ! manual digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C0230393

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012262
name: manual minor digit (Aves)
def: "A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 3 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 4." [PhenoscapeRCN:Oct2012, PMID:10220427]
comment: Hypothesized to be homologous to manual digit 3 of other tetrapods
synonym: "wing digit III" RELATED []
synonym: "wing digit 3 (adult)" RELATED []
synonym: "wing digit 4 (embryonic)" RELATED []
synonym: "manual minor digit" RELATED []
synonym: "digit III of manus" RELATED []
synonym: "digit III(CIV) of manus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: postaxial_part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005694 {source="PMID:10220427"} ! manual digit 4 mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003624
name: manual digit 4
def: "4th digit of the manus." [Wikipedia:Ring_finger]
synonym: "hand digit 4" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "4th digit of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "4th finger" EXACT []
synonym: "fourth finger" EXACT []
synonym: "ring finger" NARROW []
synonym: "fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:24948]
synonym: "digit 4 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17438]
synonym: "fore digit IV" EXACT [AAO:0010642]
synonym: "finger 4" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000529]
xref: FMA:24948 ! Ring finger
xref: MA:0000457 ! hand digit 4
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_4 ! Hand Digit 4
xref: EHDAA2:0000529 ! finger 4
xref: AAO:0010642 ! fore digit IV
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ring_finger.JPG/200px-Ring_finger.JPG
xref: EMAPA:17438 ! digit 4 of fore-paw
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006051
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
synonym: "digitus annularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ring_finger]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Ring_finger.JPG
xref: SCTID:362768001 ! Entire ring finger
synonym: "hand digit 4" EXACT [MA:0000457]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 {source="reference_0000032"} ! manual digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C0230398

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003625
name: manual digit 5
def: "5th digit of the manus." [Wikipedia:Little_finger]
synonym: "hand digit 5" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "5th digit of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "5th finger" EXACT []
synonym: "fifth finger" EXACT []
synonym: "little finger" NARROW []
synonym: "fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:24949]
synonym: "digit 5 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17441]
synonym: "fore digit V" EXACT [AAO:0010643]
xref: FMA:24949 ! Little finger
xref: MA:0000458 ! hand digit 5
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_5 ! Hand Digit 5
xref: EHDAA2:0000535 ! finger 5
xref: AAO:0010643 ! fore digit V
synonym: "finger 5" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000535]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Pink.jpg/200px-Pink.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17441 ! digit 5 of fore-paw
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006052
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! hand
synonym: "quintus, digitus V" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Little_finger]
synonym: "manual digitus minimus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Little_finger]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pink.jpg
xref: SCTID:362773007 ! Entire little finger
synonym: "hand digit 5" EXACT [MA:0000458]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 {source="reference_0000032"} ! manual digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C0230403

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011981
name: manual digit 6
synonym: "hand digit 6" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 6" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
comment: Found in Acanthostega
synonym: "fore digit VI" EXACT []
synonym: "6th finger" EXACT []
synonym: "sixth finger" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
property_value: ray_number "6" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011982
name: manual digit 7
synonym: "hand digit 7" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 7" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
comment: Found in Acanthostega
synonym: "fore digit VII" EXACT []
synonym: "seventh finger" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
property_value: ray_number "7" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011983
name: manual digit 8
synonym: "hand digit 8" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 8" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
comment: Found in Acanthostega
synonym: "fore digit VIII" EXACT []
synonym: "eighth finger" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
property_value: ray_number "8" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003631
name: pedal digit 1
def: "1st digit of the hind autopod." [Wikipedia:Hallux]
synonym: "pes digit I" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit 1" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "preaxial digit of hindlimb" EXACT []
synonym: "pedal digit 1" EXACT []
synonym: "digit 1 of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "great toe" EXACT  [FMA:25047]
synonym: "hallux" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "hallux; digitus primus [I]" EXACT  [FMA:25047]
synonym: "hallex" EXACT []
synonym: "big toe" NARROW []
synonym: "digitus primus (I) pedis" RELATED [BTO:0002349]
synonym: "digit 1 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17460]
synonym: "hind digit I" EXACT [AAO:0010644]
synonym: "toe 1" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002037]
xref: FMA:25047 ! Big toe
xref: MA:0000465 ! foot digit 1
xref: EMAPA:17460 ! digit 1 of hind-paw
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_1 ! Foot Digit 1
xref: GAID:45 ! hallux
xref: BTO:0002349 ! hallux
xref: MESH:A01.378.610.250.300.792.380 ! hallux
xref: EMAPA:17460 ! digit 1 of hind-paw
is_a: UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006048
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: EHDAA2:0002037 ! toe 1
xref: AAO:0010644 ! hind digit I
xref: VSAO:0000201 ! hallux
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/RightFootToes.jpg
xref: SCTID:302546000 ! Entire great toe
synonym: "foot digit 1" EXACT [MA:0000465]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012142 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pedal digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C1708079

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003632
name: pedal digit 2
def: "2nd digit of the hind autopod." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pes digit II" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit 2" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "2nd toe" EXACT []
synonym: "second toe" EXACT [FMA:25048]
synonym: "digitus secundus [ii]" EXACT [FMA:25048]
synonym: "second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:25048]
synonym: "digit 2 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17463]
xref: FMA:25048 ! Second toe
xref: MA:0000466 ! foot digit 2
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_2 ! Foot Digit 2
xref: EHDAA2:0002042 ! toe 2
synonym: "toe 2" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002042]
xref: EMAPA:17463 ! digit 2 of hind-paw
xref: BTO:0002350 ! digitus secundus pedis
synonym: "digitus secundus pedis" EXACT [BTO:0002350]
synonym: "digitus secundus (II) pedis" RELATED  [BTO:0002350]
is_a: UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006049
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: SCTID:362817008 ! Entire second toe
xref: AAO:0010645 ! hind digit II
synonym: "hind digit II" EXACT [AAO:0010645]
synonym: "foot digit 2" EXACT [MA:0000466]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012142 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pedal digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C1708081

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003633
name: pedal digit 3
def: "3rd digit of the hind autopod." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pes digit III" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit 3" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "3rd toe" EXACT []
synonym: "third toe" EXACT [FMA:25051]
synonym: "digitus tertius [iii]" EXACT [FMA:25051]
synonym: "third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:25051]
synonym: "digit 3 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17466]
xref: FMA:25051 ! Third toe
xref: MA:0000467 ! foot digit 3
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_3 ! Foot Digit 3
xref: EHDAA2:0002047 ! toe 3
synonym: "toe 3" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002047]
xref: EMAPA:17466 ! digit 3 of hind-paw
xref: BTO:0002351 ! digitus tertius pedis
synonym: "digitus tertius pedis" EXACT [BTO:0002351]
synonym: "digitus tertius (III) pedis" RELATED  [BTO:0002351]
is_a: UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006050
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: SCTID:362821001 ! Entire third toe
xref: AAO:0010646 ! hind digit III
synonym: "hind digit III" EXACT [AAO:0010646]
synonym: "foot digit 3" EXACT [MA:0000467]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012142 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pedal digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C1708083

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003634
name: pedal digit 4
def: "4th digit of the hind autopod." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pes digit IV" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit 4" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "4th toe" EXACT []
synonym: "fourth toe" EXACT [FMA:25052]
synonym: "digitus quartus [iv]" EXACT [FMA:25052]
synonym: "fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:25052]
synonym: "digit 4 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17469]
xref: FMA:25052 ! Fourth toe
xref: MA:0000468 ! foot digit 4
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_4 ! Foot Digit 4
xref: EHDAA2:0002052 ! toe 4
synonym: "toe 4" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002052]
xref: EMAPA:17469 ! digit 4 of hind-paw
xref: BTO:0002352 ! digitus quartis pedis
synonym: "digitus quartis pedis" EXACT [BTO:0002352]
synonym: "digitus quartus (IV) pedis" RELATED  [BTO:0002352]
is_a: UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
is_a: UBERON:0006051
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: SCTID:362826006 ! Entire fourth toe
xref: AAO:0010656 ! hind digit IV
synonym: "hind digit IV" EXACT [AAO:0010656]
synonym: "foot digit 4" EXACT [MA:0000468]
xref: UMLS:C1708085

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003635
name: pedal digit 5
def: "5th digit of the hind autopod." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Fifth_toe]
synonym: "pes digit V" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit 5" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "5th toe" EXACT []
synonym: "little toe" NARROW []
synonym: "pedal digitus minimus" EXACT []
synonym: "digitus quintus of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "digitus V of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:25053]
synonym: "fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:25053]
synonym: "digit 5 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:17472]
xref: FMA:25053 ! Little toe
xref: MA:0000469 ! foot digit 5
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_5 ! Foot Digit 5
xref: EHDAA2:0002057 ! toe 5
synonym: "toe 5" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002057]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: BTO:0002353 ! digitum minimus pedis
xref: EMAPA:17472 ! digit 5 of hind-paw
is_a: UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0006052
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "digitus quintus [V] pedis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:25053]
xref: SCTID:362830009 ! Entire fifth toe
xref: AAO:0010658 ! hind digit V
synonym: "hind digit V" EXACT [AAO:0010658]
synonym: "digitus minimus pedis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fifth_toe]
synonym: "digitus quintus pedis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fifth_toe]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray291.png
synonym: "foot digit 5" EXACT [MA:0000469]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012142 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pedal digitopodium region
xref: UMLS:C1708087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011984
name: pedal digit 6
synonym: "pes digit VI" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit 6" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 6" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind digit VI" EXACT []
synonym: "sixth toe" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 6" EXACT []
synonym: "hind digit 6" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
property_value: ray_number "6" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012137
name: pedal digit 7
synonym: "pes digit VII" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit 7" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 7" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind digit VII" EXACT  []
synonym: "seventh toe" EXACT  []
synonym: "toe 7" EXACT []
synonym: "hind digit 7" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
property_value: ray_number "7" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012138
name: pedal digit 8
synonym: "pes digit VIII" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit 8" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 8" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind digit VIII" EXACT  []
synonym: "eigth toe" EXACT  []
synonym: "toe 8" EXACT []
synonym: "hind digit 8" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
property_value: ray_number "8" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003864
name: middle phalanx of manus
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "middle manual phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "hand middle phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001394]
synonym: "middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [MA:0001394]
synonym: "middle phalanx of finger" EXACT [FMA:75817]
synonym: "middle phalanx of manual digit" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001394 ! middle phalanx of hand
xref: FMA:75817 ! middle phalanx of finger
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Phalanx_of_the_Hand ! Middle Phalanx of Hand
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of manus
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of manus
xref: SCTID:113223004 ! Structure of middle phalanx of middle finger
xref: SCTID:371230003 ! Entire middle phalanx of hand
xref: UMLS:C0223828

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003865
name: distal phalanx of manus
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This is typically proximally connected to the middle phalanx of manus, except in some cases such as the human thumb, where it connects to the proximal phalanx. It always connects to some phalanx, by definition
synonym: "distal manual phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "ungual phalanx of hand" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679]
synonym: "terminal phalanx of hand" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "distal phalanx of manual digit" EXACT []
synonym: "distal phalanx of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "hand distal phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001388]
synonym: "distal phalanx of finger" EXACT [FMA:75818]
xref: MA:0001388 ! distal phalanx of hand
xref: FMA:75818 ! distal phalanx of finger
xref: ncithesaurus:Distal_Phalanx_of_Hand ! Distal Phalanx of Hand
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009552 ! distal segment of manual digit
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of manus
xref: SCTID:182001007 ! Entire distal phalanx of finger
xref: SCTID:361782004 ! Entire distal phalanx of hand
xref: UMLS:C1269782

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002234
name: proximal phalanx of manus
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal manual phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal phalanx of manual digit" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fore digit" EXACT []
synonym: "hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001395]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of finger" EXACT [FMA:75816]
xref: FMA:75816 ! Proximal phalanx of finger
xref: MA:0001395 ! proximal phalanx of hand
xref: ncithesaurus:Proximal_Phalanx_of_Hand ! Proximal Phalanx of Hand
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
xref: SCTID:181986000 ! Entire proximal phalanx of finger
xref: SCTID:361325003 ! Entire proximal phalanx of hand
xref: UMLS:C0730117

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003866
name: middle phalanx of pes
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle pedal phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "foot middle phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001386]
synonym: "middle phalanx of toe" EXACT [FMA:75829]
xref: FMA:75829 ! middle phalanx of toe
xref: MA:0001386 ! middle phalanx of foot
is_a: UBERON:0001449
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of pes
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of pes
xref: SCTID:83207005 ! Entire middle phalanx of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003867
name: distal phalanx of pes
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This is typically proximally connected to the middle phalanx of pes, except in some cases such as the human big toe, where it connects to the proximal phalanx. It always connects to some phalanx, by definition
synonym: "distal pedal phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "ungual phalanx of foot" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679]
synonym: "ungual phalanx of hindlimb" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679]
synonym: "terminal phalanx of foot" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "terminal phalanx of hindlimb" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "foot distal phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001380]
synonym: "distal phalanx of toe" EXACT [FMA:75830]
xref: FMA:75830 ! distal phalanx of toe
xref: MA:0001380 ! distal phalanx of foot
xref: ncithesaurus:Distal_Phalanx_of_Foot ! Distal Phalanx of Foot
is_a: UBERON:0001449
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009553 ! distal segment of pedal digit
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of pes
xref: SCTID:361797001 ! Entire distal phalanx of foot
xref: UMLS:C0224026

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003868
name: proximal phalanx of pes
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal pedal phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal phalanx of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal phalanx of hind digit" EXACT []
synonym: "foot proximal phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001387]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of toe" EXACT [FMA:75828]
xref: FMA:75828 ! proximal phalanx of toe
xref: MA:0001387 ! proximal phalanx of foot
xref: ncithesaurus:Proximal_Phalanx_of_Foot ! Proximal Phalanx of Foot
is_a: UBERON:0001449
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
xref: SCTID:85533000 ! Entire proximal phalanx of foot
xref: UMLS:C0224020

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001436
name: phalanx of manus
def: "A phalanx that is part of a forelimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Phalanges_of_the_hand]
synonym: "manual phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "hand phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "phalanx of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "phalanx of manual digit" EXACT []
synonym: "phalanges of fore digit" RELATED PLURAL [AAO:0000947]
synonym: "phalanges of fore digit" RELATED PLURAL [AAO:0000947]
synonym: "phalanx of fore digit" EXACT []
synonym: "hand phalanx" EXACT [MA:0000306]
synonym: "digitus manus phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digital bone of manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of finger" EXACT [FMA:23914]
xref: http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/3/613/F1.large.jpg
xref: FMA:23914 ! phalanx of finger
xref: MA:0000306 ! hand phalanx
xref: AAO:0000947 ! phalanges of fore digit
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Phalanx ! Hand Phalanx
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010688 ! skeleton of anterior acropodium
xref: SCTID:181976001 ! Entire phalanx of finger
xref: SCTID:361100001 ! Entire phalanx of hand
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010686 ! finger phalanx cartilage condensation
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that make the four digits of the manus. The terminal phalanges are much smaller than the proximal and penultimate phalanges. The typical phalangeal formula of the manus, in a medial to lateral sequence, is 2-2-3-3.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000947", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0223792

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003620
name: manual digit 1 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 1 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 1 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 1 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 1 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001389 ! hand digit 1 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_1_Phalanx ! Hand Digit 1 Phalanx
xref: FMA:35477 ! Phalanx of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
xref: SCTID:181975002 ! Entire phalanx of thumb
xref: EMAPA:19113 ! phalanx of digit 1 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010675 ! finger 1 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 1 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001389]
xref: UMLS:C1711344

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003636
name: manual digit 2 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 2 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:35480]
synonym: "index finger phalanx" EXACT [FMA:35480]
xref: MA:0001390 ! hand digit 2 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_2_Phalanx ! Hand Digit 2 Phalanx
xref: FMA:35480 ! Phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
xref: SCTID:361783009 ! Entire phalanx of index finger
xref: EMAPA:19115 ! phalanx of digit 2 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010676 ! finger 2 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 2 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001390]
xref: UMLS:C1708312

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003637
name: manual digit 3 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 3 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:35483]
synonym: "middle finger phalanx" EXACT [FMA:35483]
xref: MA:0001391 ! hand digit 3 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_3_Phalanx ! Hand Digit 3 Phalanx
xref: FMA:35483 ! Phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
xref: SCTID:361785002 ! Entire phalanx of middle finger
xref: EMAPA:19117 ! phalanx of digit 3 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010677 ! finger 3 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 3 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001391]
xref: UMLS:C1708314

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003638
name: manual digit 4 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 4 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:35486]
synonym: "ring finger phalanx" EXACT [FMA:35486]
xref: MA:0001392 ! hand digit 4 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_4_Phalanx ! Hand Digit 4 Phalanx
xref: FMA:35486 ! Phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
xref: SCTID:361787005 ! Entire phalanx of ring finger
xref: EMAPA:19119 ! phalanx of digit 4 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010678 ! finger 4 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 4 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001392]
xref: UMLS:C1708316

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003639
name: manual digit 5 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 5 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "phalanx of manual digitus minimus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:35489]
synonym: "little finger phalanx" EXACT [FMA:35489]
synonym: "phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35489]
xref: MA:0001393 ! hand digit 5 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_5_Phalanx ! Hand Digit 5 Phalanx
xref: FMA:35489 ! Phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003625 ! manual digit 5
xref: SCTID:361789008 ! Entire phalanx of little finger
xref: EMAPA:19121 ! phalanx of digit 5 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010679 ! finger 5 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 5 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001393]
xref: UMLS:C1708317

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001449
name: phalanx of pes
alt_id: UBERON:0004272
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Phalanges_of_the_foot]
synonym: "pedal phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "foot phalanx" EXACT [MA:0000305]
synonym: "phalanges of hind digit" RELATED PLURAL [AAO:0000930]
synonym: "phalanx of hind digit" EXACT []
synonym: "phalanx of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "digitus pedis phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digital bone of pes" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of toe" EXACT [FMA:24493]
xref: FMA:24493 ! Phalanx of toe
xref: MA:0000305 ! foot phalanx
xref: AAO:0000930 ! phalanges of hind digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010696 ! skeleton of posterior acropodium
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Phalanx ! Foot Phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Phalanx_of_the_Foot ! Phalanx of the Foot
xref: SCTID:302533005 ! Entire phalanx of toe
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010685 ! toe phalanx cartilage condensation
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that make the five digits of the pes. The terminal phalanges are much smaller than the proximal and penultimate phalanges. The typical phalangeal formula of the pes, in a medial to lateral sequence, is 2(1)-2-3-4(3)-3(2).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000930", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0584876

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003640
name: pedal digit 1 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 1 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hallux phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of big toe" EXACT [FMA:32884]
synonym: "big toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32884]
synonym: "phalanx of first digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32884]
synonym: "phalanx of great toe" EXACT [FMA:32884]
xref: MA:0001381 ! foot digit 1 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_1_Phalanx ! Foot Digit 1 Phalanx
xref: FMA:32884 ! Phalanx of big toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003631 ! pedal digit 1
xref: SCTID:361798006 ! Entire phalanx of great toe
xref: EMAPA:19124 ! phalanx of digit 1 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010680 ! toe 1 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 1 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001381]
xref: UMLS:C1708080

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003641
name: pedal digit 2 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 2 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of second toe" EXACT [FMA:32899]
synonym: "second toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32899]
xref: MA:0001382 ! foot digit 2 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_2_Phalanx ! Foot Digit 2 Phalanx
xref: FMA:32899 ! Phalanx of second toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003632 ! pedal digit 2
xref: SCTID:361800004 ! Entire phalanx of second toe
xref: EMAPA:19126 ! phalanx of digit 2 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010681 ! toe 2 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 2 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001382]
xref: UMLS:C1708082

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003642
name: pedal digit 3 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 3 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of third toe" EXACT [FMA:32900]
synonym: "third toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32900]
xref: MA:0001383 ! foot digit 3 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_3_Phalanx ! Foot Digit 3 Phalanx
xref: FMA:32900 ! Phalanx of third toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003633 ! pedal digit 3
xref: SCTID:361802007 ! Entire phalanx of third toe
xref: EMAPA:19128 ! phalanx of digit 3 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010682 ! toe 3 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 3 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001383]
xref: UMLS:C1708084

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003862
name: pedal digit 4 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 4 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of fourth toe" EXACT [FMA:32901]
synonym: "fourth toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32901]
xref: MA:0001384 ! foot digit 4 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_4_Phalanx ! Foot Digit 4 Phalanx
xref: FMA:32901 ! Phalanx of fourth toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003634 ! pedal digit 4
xref: SCTID:361804008 ! Entire phalanx of fourth toe
xref: EMAPA:19130 ! phalanx of digit 4 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010683 ! toe 4 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 4 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001384]
xref: UMLS:C1708086

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003863
name: pedal digit 5 phalanx
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 phalanx" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 5 phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of little toe" EXACT [FMA:32902]
synonym: "little toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32902]
synonym: "phalanx of fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32902]
synonym: "phalanx of fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:32902]
xref: MA:0001385 ! foot digit 5 phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_5_Phalanx ! Foot Digit 5 Phalanx
xref: FMA:32902 ! Phalanx of little toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003635 ! pedal digit 5
xref: SCTID:361806005 ! Entire phalanx of little toe
xref: EMAPA:19132 ! phalanx of digit 5 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010684 ! toe 5 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 5 phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001385]
xref: UMLS:C1708088

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
name: manual digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005257 ! manual digit mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000954 ! hand phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [VHOG:0000954]
synonym: "forelimb phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "manus phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010575
name: manual digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010564 ! finger 1 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000516 ! finger 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17715 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 1 of fore-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010576
name: manual digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005692 ! finger 2 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000522 ! finger 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17717 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 2 of fore-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 2 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010577
name: manual digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005693 ! finger 3 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000528 ! finger 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17719 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 3 of fore-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 3 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010578
name: manual digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005694 ! finger 4 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000534 ! finger 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17721 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 4 of fore-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 4 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010579
name: manual digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005695 ! finger 5 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000540 ! finger 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17723 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 5 of fore-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010585
name: pedal digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005255 ! pedal digit mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000952 ! foot phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [VHOG:0000952]
synonym: "hindlimb phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "pes phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010580
name: pedal digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010562 ! toe 1 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002041 ! toe 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17726 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 1 of hind-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010581
name: pedal digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005696 ! toe 2 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002046 ! toe 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17728 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 2 of hind-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 2 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010582
name: pedal digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005697 ! toe 3 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002051 ! toe 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17730 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 3 of hind-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 3 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010583
name: pedal digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005698 ! toe 4 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002056 ! toe 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17732 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 4 of hind-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 4 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010584
name: pedal digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005699 ! toe 5 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002061 ! toe 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17734 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 5 of hind-paw
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010700 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
name: phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010702 ! digit mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! autopodial skeleton
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a digit mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010701 ! phalanx cartilage condensation
name: phalanx cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010702 ! digit mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! autopodial skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010700 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a digit mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010702 ! digit mesenchyme
name: digit mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002544 ! digit
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a digit." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010686
name: manual digit phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005257 ! manual digit mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a manual digit mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010675
name: manual digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010564 ! finger 1 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18066 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 1 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010575 ! finger 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010676
name: manual digit 2 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 2 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 2 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005692 ! finger 2 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18071 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 2 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010576 ! finger 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a manual digit 2 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010677
name: manual digit 3 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 3 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 3 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005693 ! finger 3 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18076 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 3 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010577 ! finger 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a manual digit 3 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010678
name: manual digit 4 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 4 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 4 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005694 ! finger 4 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18081 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 4 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010578 ! finger 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a manual digit 4 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010679
name: manual digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005695 ! finger 5 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18086 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 5 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010579 ! finger 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010685
name: pedal digit phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005255 ! pedal digit mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010585 ! toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a pedal digit mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010680
name: pedal digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 1 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010562 ! toe 1 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18107 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 1 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010580 ! toe 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010681
name: pedal digit 2 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 2 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 2 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005696 ! toe 2 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18112 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 2 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010581 ! toe 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a pedal digit 2 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010682
name: pedal digit 3 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 3 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 3 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005697 ! toe 3 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18117 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 3 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010582 ! toe 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a pedal digit 3 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010683
name: pedal digit 4 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 4 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 4 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005698 ! toe 4 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18122 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 4 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010583 ! toe 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a pedal digit 4 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010684
name: pedal digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 5 phalanx cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005699 ! toe 5 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:18127 ! phalanx cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 5 of hind-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010584 ! toe 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003643
name: respiratory system arterial blood vessel
def: "An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001800 ! respiratory system arterial blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0003509 ! arterial blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003644
name: kidney arterial blood vessel
def: "An arterial blood vessel that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002578 ! kidney arterial blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0003509 ! arterial blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003645
name: metacarpal bone of digit 1
def: "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pollex ; digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pollex ; digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 1 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 1 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 1" EXACT [MA:0001364]
synonym: "first metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23899]
synonym: "metacarpal I" EXACT [FMA:23899]
synonym: "metacarpal 1" EXACT []
synonym: "finger 1 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "manual digit 1 metacarpus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23899 ! First metacarpal bone
xref: MA:0001364 ! metacarpal bone digit 1
is_a: UBERON:0013581 ! metapodium bone 1
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004338 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 1
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_1 ! Metacarpal Bone Digit 1
xref: SCTID:181973009 ! Entire first metacarpal
xref: AAO:0010616 ! metacarpal I
xref: EMAPA:19112 ! metacarpus of digit 1 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010570 ! finger 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation
property_value: ray_number "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "The first metacarpal bone or the metacarpal bone of the thumb is the first bone of the thumb. It is connected to the trapezium of the carpus at the first carpometacarpal joint and to the proximal thumb phalanx at the first metacarpophalangeal joint[Wikipedia:First_metacarpal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:First_metacarpal_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C1708987

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003646
name: metacarpal bone of digit 2
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 2" EXACT [MA:0001365]
synonym: "second metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23900]
synonym: "metacarpal II" EXACT [FMA:23900]
synonym: "metacarpal 2" EXACT []
synonym: "finger 2 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "manual digit 2 metacarpus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23900 ! Second metacarpal bone [SYNONYM: "Metacarpal II" (exact)]
xref: MA:0001365 ! metacarpal bone digit 2
is_a: UBERON:0013582 ! metapodium bone 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004328 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 2
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_2 ! Metacarpal Bone Digit 2
xref: SCTID:263399007 ! Entire second metacarpal
xref: AAO:0000853 ! metacarpal II
xref: EMAPA:19114 ! metacarpus of digit 2 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010571 ! finger 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation
property_value: ray_number "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with the prepollex and carpal 2(1) or carpal 2+3(1+2) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit II(I) distally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000853", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
def: "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1708988

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003647
name: metacarpal bone of digit 3
def: "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Third_metacarpal_bone]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 3" EXACT [MA:0001366]
synonym: "third metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23901]
synonym: "metacarpal III" EXACT [FMA:23901]
synonym: "metacarpal 3" EXACT []
synonym: "finger 3 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "manual digit 3 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "cannon bone" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:23901 ! Third metacarpal bone
xref: MA:0001366 ! metacarpal bone digit 3
is_a: UBERON:0013583 ! metapodium bone 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004329 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 3
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_3 ! Metacarpal Bone Digit 3
xref: SCTID:263400000 ! Entire third metacarpal
xref: AAO:0000854 ! metacarpal III
xref: EMAPA:19116 ! metacarpus of digit 3 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010572 ! finger 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation
property_value: ray_number "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with carpal 3(2) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit III(II) distally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000854", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The third metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the middle finger) is a little smaller than the second. The dorsal aspect of its base presents on its radial side a pyramidal eminence, the styloid process, which extends upward behind the capitate; immediately distal to this is a rough surface for the attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. The carpal articular facet is concave behind, flat in front, and articulates with the capitate. On the radial side is a smooth, concave facet for articulation with the second metacarpal, and on the ulnar side two small oval facets for the fourth metacarpal[Wikipedia:Third_metacarpal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Third_metacarpal_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C1708989

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003648
name: metacarpal bone of digit 4
def: "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 4" EXACT [MA:0001367]
synonym: "fourth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23902]
synonym: "metacarpal IV" EXACT [FMA:23902]
synonym: "metacarpal 4" EXACT []
synonym: "finger 4 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "manual digit 4 metacarpus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23902 ! Fourth metacarpal bone [SYNONYM: "Metacarpal IV" (exact)]
xref: MA:0001367 ! metacarpal bone digit 4
is_a: UBERON:0013584 ! metapodium bone 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004330 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 4
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_4 ! Metacarpal Bone Digit 4
xref: SCTID:263401001 ! Entire fourth metacarpal
xref: AAO:0010615 ! metacarpal IV
xref: EMAPA:19118 ! metacarpus of digit 4 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010573 ! finger 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation
property_value: ray_number "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third. The base is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two facets, a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small one laterally for the capitate. On the radial side are two oval facets, for articulation with the third metacarpal; and on the ulnar side a single concave facet, for the fifth metacarpal[Wikipedia:Fourth_metacarpal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Fourth_metacarpal_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C1708990

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003649
name: metacarpal bone of digit 5
def: "A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: note FMA also has FMA:36782 ! Bone of fifth metacarpal bone
synonym: "5 th digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 5" EXACT [MA:0001368]
synonym: "fifth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23903]
synonym: "metacarpal V" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal 5" EXACT []
synonym: "finger 5 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "manual digit 5 metacarpus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23903 ! Fifth metacarpal bone
xref: MA:0001368 ! metacarpal bone digit 5
is_a: UBERON:0013585 ! metapodium bone 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004331 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 5
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_5 ! Metacarpal Bone Digit 5
xref: SCTID:263402008 ! Entire fifth metacarpal
xref: AAO:0000855 ! metacarpal V
xref: EMAPA:19120 ! metacarpus of digit 5 of fore-paw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010574 ! finger 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation
property_value: ray_number "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with carpal 5(4) proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit V(IV) distally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000855", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The fifth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the little finger or pinky finger) is the most lateral metacarpal[Wikipedia:Fifth_metacarpal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Fifth_metacarpal_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C1711224

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003650
name: metatarsal bone of digit 1
def: "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 1" EXACT [MA:0001369]
synonym: "first metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24502]
synonym: "metatarsal I" EXACT [AAO:0000925]
synonym: "metatarsal 1" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 1 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 1 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24502 ! First metatarsal bone
xref: MA:0001369 ! metatarsal bone digit 1
xref: AAO:0000925 ! metatarsal I
is_a: UBERON:0013581 ! metapodium bone 1
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004332 ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_1 ! Metatarsal Bone Digit 1
xref: SCTID:182121005 ! Entire first metatarsal
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010557 ! toe 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:19123 ! metatarsus of digit 1 of hind-paw
property_value: ray_number "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with the prepollex and tarsal 1 proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit I distally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000925", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The first metatarsal bone is the bone in the body of the foot just behind the big toe. It is remarkable for its great thickness, and is the shortest of the metatarsal bones. The body is strong, and of well-marked prismoid form. The base presents, as a rule, no articular facets on its sides, but occasionally on the lateral side there is an oval facet, by which it articulates with the second metatarsal. Its proximal articular surface is of large size and kidney-shaped; its circumference is grooved, for the tarsometatarsal ligaments, and medially gives insertion to part of the tendon of the Tibialis anterior; its plantar angle presents a rough oval prominence for the insertion of the tendon of the Peronæus longus. The head is large; on its plantar surface are two grooved facets, on which glide sesamoid bones; the facets are separated by a smooth elevation[Wikipedia:First_metatarsal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:First_metatarsal_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C1708999

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003651
name: metatarsal bone of digit 2
synonym: "foot digit 2 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 2" EXACT [MA:0001370]
synonym: "second metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24503]
synonym: "metatarsal II" EXACT [AAO:0000926]
synonym: "metatarsal 2" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 2 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 2 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24503 ! Second metatarsal bone
xref: MA:0001370 ! metatarsal bone digit 2
xref: AAO:0000926 ! metatarsal II
is_a: UBERON:0013582 ! metapodium bone 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004333 ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_2 ! Metatarsal Bone Digit 2
xref: SCTID:182128004 ! Entire second metatarsal
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010558 ! toe 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:19125 ! metatarsus of digit 2 of hind-paw
property_value: ray_number "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 2 proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit II distally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000926", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
def: "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1709000

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003652
name: metatarsal bone of digit 3
def: "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Third_metatarsal_bone]
synonym: "foot digit 3 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 3" EXACT [MA:0001371]
synonym: "third metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24504]
synonym: "metatarsal III" EXACT [AAO:0000927]
synonym: "metatarsal 3" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 3 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 3 metatarsus" EXACT []
synonym: "cannon bone" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:24504 ! Third metatarsal bone
xref: MA:0001371 ! metatarsal bone digit 3
xref: AAO:0000927 ! metatarsal III
is_a: UBERON:0013583 ! metapodium bone 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004334 ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_3 ! Metatarsal Bone Digit 3
xref: SCTID:182134006 ! Entire third metatarsal
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010559 ! toe 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:19127 ! metatarsus of digit 3 of hind-paw
property_value: ray_number "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 3 proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit III distally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000927", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The third metatarsal bone articulates proximally, by means of a triangular smooth surface, with the third cuneiform; medially, by two facets, with the second metatarsal; and laterally, by a single facet, with the fourth metatarsal. This last facet is situated at the dorsal angle of the base[Wikipedia:Third_metatarsal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Third_metatarsal_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C1709001

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003653
name: metatarsal bone of digit 4
def: "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 4" EXACT [MA:0001372]
synonym: "fourth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24505]
synonym: "metatarsal IV" EXACT [AAO:0000928]
synonym: "metatarsal 4" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 4 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 4 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24505 ! Fourth metatarsal bone
xref: MA:0001372 ! metatarsal bone digit 4
xref: AAO:0000928 ! metatarsal IV
is_a: UBERON:0013584 ! metapodium bone 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004335 ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_4 ! Metatarsal Bone Digit 4
xref: SCTID:182139001 ! Entire fourth metatarsal
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010560 ! toe 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:19129 ! metatarsus of digit 4 of hind-paw
property_value: ray_number "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 4 or the distal head of the tibiale-fibulare proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit IV distally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000928", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The fourth metatarsal bone is smaller in size than the third; its base presents an oblique quadrilateral surface for articulation with the cuboid; a smooth facet on the medial side, divided by a ridge into an anterior portion for articulation with the third metatarsal, and a posterior portion for articulation with the third cuneiform; on the lateral side a single facet, for articulation with the fifth metatarsal[Wikipedia:Fourth_metatarsal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Fourth_metatarsal_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C1709002

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003654
name: metatarsal bone of digit 5
def: "A metatarsal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 5" EXACT [MA:0001373]
synonym: "fifth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24506]
synonym: "metatarsal V" EXACT [AAO:0000929]
synonym: "metatarsal 5" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 5 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 5 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24506 ! Fifth metatarsal bone
xref: MA:0001373 ! metatarsal bone digit 5
xref: AAO:0000929 ! metatarsal V
is_a: UBERON:0013585 ! metapodium bone 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004336 ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_5 ! Metatarsal Bone Digit 5
xref: SCTID:182144008 ! Entire fifth metatarsal
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010561 ! toe 5 metatarsal cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:19131 ! metatarsus of digit 5 of hind-paw
property_value: ray_number "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
property_value: external_definition "Dumb-bell-shaped bone of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that articulates with tarsal 5 or the distal head of the tibiale-fibulare proximally and with the proximal phalanx of digit V distally.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000929", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The fifth metatarsal bone is recognized by a rough eminence, the tuberosity, on the lateral side of its base. The base articulates behind, by a triangular surface cut obliquely in a transverse direction, with the cuboid; and medially, with the fourth metatarsal. On the medial part of its dorsal surface is inserted the tendon of the Peronæus tertius and on the dorsal surface of the tuberosity that of the Peronæus brevis. A strong band of the plantar aponeurosis connects the projecting part of the tuberosity with the lateral process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus. The plantar surface of the base is grooved for the tendon of the Abductor digiti quinti, and gives origin to the Flexor digiti quinti brevis. The base of the metatarsal is often injured and a particularly notorious fracture is the Jones fracture. When the tuberosity is broken, it is called a pseudo-Jones fracture or a dancer's fracture. This is a common fracture of the fifth metatarsal. Stress fractures are common in the fifth metatarsal among athletes[Wikipedia:Fifth_metatarsal_bone]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Fifth_metatarsal_bone"}
xref: UMLS:C1709003

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010687 ! pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
name: pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005255 ! pedal digit mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000948 ! metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [VHOG:0000948]
synonym: "metatarsal bone pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010547
name: pedal digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010687 ! pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010562 ! toe 1 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002040 ! toe 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "toe 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002040]
xref: EMAPA:17725 ! metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 1 of hind-paw
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010548
name: pedal digit 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010687 ! pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005696 ! toe 2 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002045 ! toe 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "toe 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002045]
xref: EMAPA:17727 ! metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 2 of hind-paw
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 2 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010549
name: pedal digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010687 ! pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005697 ! toe 3 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002050 ! toe 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "toe 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002050]
xref: EMAPA:17729 ! metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 3 of hind-paw
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 3 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010550
name: pedal digit 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010687 ! pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005698 ! toe 4 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002055 ! toe 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "toe 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002055]
xref: EMAPA:17731 ! metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 4 of hind-paw
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 4 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010551
name: pedal digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010687 ! pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005699 ! toe 5 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002060 ! toe 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "toe 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002060]
xref: EMAPA:17733 ! metatarsus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 5 of hind-paw
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010697 ! pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation
name: pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit metatarsal cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005255 ! pedal digit mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010557
name: pedal digit 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010697 ! pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010562 ! toe 1 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010547 ! toe 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18106 ! metatarsus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 1 of hind-paw
synonym: "toe 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT []
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010558
name: pedal digit 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010697 ! pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005696 ! toe 2 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010548 ! toe 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18111 ! metatarsus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 2 of hind-paw
synonym: "toe 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT []
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 2 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010559
name: pedal digit 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010697 ! pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005697 ! toe 3 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010549 ! toe 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18116 ! metatarsus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 3 of hind-paw
synonym: "toe 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT []
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 3 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010560
name: pedal digit 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010697 ! pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005698 ! toe 4 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010550 ! toe 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18121 ! metatarsus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 4 of hind-paw
synonym: "toe 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT []
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 4 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010561
name: pedal digit 5 metatarsal cartilage condensation
synonym: "foot digit 5 metatarsal cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 5 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010697 ! pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005699 ! toe 5 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010551 ! toe 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18126 ! metatarsus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 5 of hind-paw
synonym: "toe 5 metatarsal cartilage condensation" EXACT []
def: "A pedal digit metatarsal cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010698 ! manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
name: manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005257 ! manual digit mesenchyme
xref: VHOG:0000953 ! metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [VHOG:0000953]
synonym: "metacarpal bone pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [VHOG:0000953]
synonym: "metacarpal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010565
name: manual digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010698 ! manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010564 ! finger 1 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000515 ! finger 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000515]
synonym: "metacarpal 1 pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17714 ! metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 1 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010566
name: manual digit 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010698 ! manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005692 ! finger 2 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000521 ! finger 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000521]
synonym: "metacarpal 2 pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17716 ! metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 2 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 2 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010567
name: manual digit 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010698 ! manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005693 ! finger 3 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000527 ! finger 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000527]
synonym: "metacarpal 3 pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17718 ! metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 3 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 3 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010568
name: manual digit 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010698 ! manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005694 ! finger 4 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000533 ! finger 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000533]
synonym: "metacarpal 4 pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17720 ! metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 4 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 4 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010569
name: manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010698 ! manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005695 ! finger 5 mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000539 ! finger 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000539]
synonym: "metacarpal 5 pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17722 ! metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 5 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010699 ! manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation
name: manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit metacarpus cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
synonym: "finger metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal cartilage condensation" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005257 ! manual digit mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010698 ! manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010570
name: manual digit 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010699 ! manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010564 ! finger 1 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010565 ! finger 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000514 ! finger 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000514]
synonym: "metacarpus 1 cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18065 ! metacarpus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 1 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 1 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010571
name: manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010699 ! manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005692 ! finger 2 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010566 ! finger 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000520 ! finger 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000520]
synonym: "metacarpus 2 cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18070 ! metacarpus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 2 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 2 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010572
name: manual digit 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010699 ! manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005693 ! finger 3 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010567 ! finger 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000526 ! finger 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000526]
synonym: "metacarpus 3 cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18075 ! metacarpus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 3 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 3 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010573
name: manual digit 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010699 ! manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005694 ! finger 4 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010568 ! finger 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000532 ! finger 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000532]
synonym: "metacarpus 4 cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18080 ! metacarpus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 4 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 4 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010574
name: manual digit 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "hand digit 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010699 ! manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005695 ! finger 5 mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010569 ! finger 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000538 ! finger 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation
synonym: "finger 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000538]
synonym: "metacarpus 5 cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18085 ! metacarpus cartilage condensation of mesenchyme of digit 5 of fore-paw
def: "A manual digit metacarpus cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003658
name: hip muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000657 ! hip muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001464 ! hip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003659
name: pedal digit muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit muscle" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit muscle" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "digit of foot muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000648 ! foot digit muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
synonym: "foot digit muscle" EXACT [MA:0000648]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003660
name: eyelid muscle
synonym: "blepharon muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eyelid muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of blepharon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000269 ! eyelid muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Muscle ! Eyelid Muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
xref: UMLS:C1707990

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006318
name: orbitalis muscle
def: "An orbitalis muscle is a rudimentary nonstriated muscle (smooth muscle) that crosses from the infraorbital groove and sphenomaxillary fissure and intimately united with the periosteum of the orbit. It is often called Muller's muscle. One characteristic of Horner's Syndrome is enophthalmos (retraction of the eyeball into the orbit due to paralysis of the orbitalis muscle that spans the inferior orbital fissure). Its function is eyeball protrusion." [Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle]
comment: subclass of 'muscle layer' in FMA
synonym: "orbitalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle]
synonym: "orbital muscle" EXACT [FMA:49034]
synonym: "orbital muscle of muller" EXACT [FMA:49034]
synonym: "orbitalis" EXACT [FMA:49034]
xref: MA:0001274 ! orbitalis muscle
xref: FMA:49034 ! orbitalis
is_a: UBERON:0003660 {source="MA"} ! eyelid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006660 {source="FMA"} ! muscle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="FMA"} ! camera-type eye
synonym: "musculus orbitalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:49034]
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbitalis_Muscle ! Orbitalis Muscle
xref: SCTID:368790005 ! Entire orbitalis muscle
synonym: "musculus orbitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle]
xref: UMLS:C0229105

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003661
name: limb muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000692 ! limb muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010890
name: pelvic complex muscle
def: "Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin." [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010709 ! pelvic complex
synonym: "lower limb muscle" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [FMA:9622]
synonym: "muscle of lower limb" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:9622]
synonym: "pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle" NARROW [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle" NARROW [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle" NARROW [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle of pelvic girdle and leg" RELATED []
synonym: "pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles" EXACT [AAO:0000218]
xref: AAO:0000218 ! pelvic girdle and hind limb muscles
xref: FMA:9622 ! muscle of lower limb
xref: MA:0000663 ! hindlimb muscle
property_value: external_definition "Muscles of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg (crus), and foot (pes).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000218", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003663
name: hindlimb muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of posterior limb" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "free lower limb muscle" EXACT  [FMA:37368]
xref: EFO:0001928 ! hindlimb muscle
xref: AAO:0000222 ! hindlimb muscles
xref: FMA:37368 ! Muscle of free lower limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
synonym: "muscle of free lower limb" EXACT [FMA:37368]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003664
name: manual digit muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit muscle" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit muscle" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "digit of hand muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000624 ! hand digit muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
synonym: "hand digit muscle" EXACT [MA:0000624]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003665
name: tail muscle
def: "A muscle organ that attaches to a tail vertebra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tail muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caudal muscle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000699 ! tail muscle
xref: BTO:0001905 ! tail muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail
xref: SCTID:113230005 ! Muscle of tail
xref: AAO:0000081 ! caudal muscles

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013221
name: caudofemoralis
def: "The caudofemoralis (from the latin cauda, tail and femur, thighbone) is a muscle found in the pelvic limb of mostly all animals possessing a tail, since it is a synapomorphy appeared on the Archosauria clade. It is thus found in felids (cats) and Mustela (\"Weasels\"), but also on crocodiles and birds." [Wikipedia:Caudofemoralis]
comment: Action: The Caudofemoralis acts to flex the tail laterally to its respective side when the pelvic limb is bearing weight. When the pelvic limb is lifted off the ground, contraction of the Caudofemoralis causes the limb to abduct and the shank to extend by extending the hip joint (acetabulofemoral or coxofemoral joint)
synonym: "caudofemoralis muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003668 ! synovial bursa
name: synovial bursa
def: "a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid and are found around most major joints of the body." [Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa]
synonym: "bursa" BROAD [FMA:9692]
xref: FMA:9692 ! Synovial bursa
xref: GAID:252 ! synovial bursa
xref: ncithesaurus:Synovial_Bursa ! Synovial Bursa
xref: galen:Bursa ! bursa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray350.png/200px-Gray350.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.156 ! synovial bursa
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002018 ! synovial membrane of synovial joint
xref: SCTID:182483003 ! Entire bursa
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "bursa synovialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray350.png
xref: UMLS:C0006441

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003903 ! bursa of Fabricius
name: bursa of Fabricius
def: "an epithelial and lymphoid organ that develops as a dorsal diverticulum of the proctodeal region of the cloaca in birds. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells[WP]. The bursa is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation[GO]." [Wikipedia:Bursa_of_Fabricius, GO:0048540]
xref: GAID:1205 ! bursa of fabricius
xref: BTO:0001699 ! bursa of Fabricius
xref: MESH:A13.163 ! bursa of fabricius
xref: SCTID:86689007 ! Bursa of Fabricius structure
is_a: UBERON:0011510 ! cloacal bursa
is_a: UBERON:0004177 ! hemopoietic organ
relationship: site_of GO:0030097 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hemopoiesis
relationship: site_of GO:0030183 ! B cell differentiation
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8457 ! Sauropsida
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003904 ! bursal plica
name: bursal plica
def: "Follicle containing part of bursa of Fabricius. The luminal (interior) surface of the bursa is plicated with as many as 15 primary and 7 secondary plicae or folds. These plicae have hundreds of bursal follicles containing follicle-associated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Lymphoid stem cells migrate from the fetal liver to the bursa during ontogeny. In the bursa, these stem cells acquire the characteristics of mature, immunocompetent B cells[WP]." [GOC:cjm]
synonym: "bursal fold" EXACT []
synonym: "bursal plicae" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003903 ! bursa of Fabricius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003905 ! bursal follicle
name: bursal follicle
def: "Follicle within the plicae of bursa of Fabricius." [GOC:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003904 ! bursal plica

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011236 ! deep fascia
name: deep fascia
def: "Deep fascia (or \"investing fascia\") is a layer of fascia which can surround individual muscles, and divide groups of muscles into compartments. This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. It provides connection and communication in the form of aponeuroses, ligaments, tendons, retinacula, joint capsules, and septa. The deep fasciae envelop all bone; cartilage, and blood vessels and become specialized in muscles and nerves. The high density of collagen fibers is what gives the deep fascia its strength and integrity. The amount of elastin fiber determines how much extensibility and resilience it will have." [Wikipedia:Deep_fascia]
synonym: "deep investing fascia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_fascia]
synonym: "investing fascia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_fascia]
synonym: "fascia profunda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deep_fascia]
is_a: UBERON:0008982 ! fascia
xref: ncithesaurus:Deep_Fascia ! deep fascia
xref: FMA:27935 ! Investing fascia
xref: UMLS:C1511746

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011237
name: visceral fascia
def: "Visceral fascia suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes. Each of the organs is covered in a double layer of fascia; these layers are separated by a thin serous membrane. The outermost wall of the organ is known as the parietal layer The skin of the organ is known as the visceral layer. The organs have specialized names for their visceral fasciae. In the brain, they are known as meninges; in the heart they are known as pericardia; in the lungs, they are known as pleura; and in the abdomen, they are known as peritonea." [Wikipedia:Visceral_fascia]
synonym: "parietal fascia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Visceral_fascia]
is_a: UBERON:0008982 ! fascia
xref: FMA:76754 ! visceral fascia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003669
name: fascia lata
def: "The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Fascia_lata]
xref: FMA:13902 ! Fascia lata
xref: GAID:117 ! fascia lata
xref: ncithesaurus:Fascia_Lata ! Fascia Lata
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray431.png/200px-Gray431.png
xref: MESH:A02.340.424 ! fascia lata
is_a: UBERON:0011236 ! deep fascia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod
xref: SCTID:361911008 ! Entire fascia lata
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Gray431.png
xref: UMLS:C0015642

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003670 ! smegma
name: smegma
def: "a combination of exfoliated (shed) epithelial cells, transudated skin oils, and moisture. It occurs in both female and male mammalian genitalia[WP]." [Wikipedia:Smegma]
xref: FMA:19656 ! Smegma
xref: GAID:1170 ! smegma
xref: ncithesaurus:Smegma ! Smegma
xref: MESH:A12.200.769 ! smegma
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
xref: UMLS:C0037359

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003673
name: ligamentum flavum
synonym: "flaval ligament" RELATED [GAID:126]
xref: FMA:13423 ! Ligamentum flavum
xref: GAID:126 ! ligamentum flavum
xref: ncithesaurus:Ligamentum_Flavum ! Ligamentum Flavum
xref: MESH:A02.513.514.287 ! ligamentum flavum
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
xref: SCTID:244598002 ! Entire ligamentum flavum
xref: UMLS:C0206327

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003674
name: cuspid
def: "In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth. However, they can appear more flattened, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called incisiform. They evolved and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Most species that develop them normally have four per individual, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by its incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most animals, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. The four canines in humans are the two maxillary canines and the two mandibular canines." [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "canine %28tooth%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "canine eminence" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "canine teeth" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "dens caninus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "dogtooth %28anatomy%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "eye teeth" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "eye tooth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "eyeteeth" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "eyetooth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "fang" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "canine teeth" RELATED PLURAL [GAID:1262]
synonym: "canine" BROAD []
synonym: "canine tooth" EXACT [FMA:55636]
synonym: "cuspis dentis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:55636]
synonym: "dentes canini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
xref: FMA:55636 ! Canine tooth
xref: GAID:1262 ! cuspid
xref: MESH:A14.254.860.200 ! cuspid
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
relationship: has_part UBERON:0006844 {count="1", editor_notes="cardinality not allowed with transitivity in OWL"} ! cusp of tooth
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0007120 ! premolar tooth
xref: ncithesaurus:Canine_Tooth ! Canine Tooth
xref: SCTID:88719004 ! Fang
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Azawakh_K9.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0010482

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013164 ! molariform tooth
name: molariform tooth
def: "A molar or premolar" [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "cheek tooth" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "molariform" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "postcanine tooth" EXACT [http://www.termwiki.com/EN:postcanine_teeth]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: has_part UBERON:0006844 ! cusp of tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003655
name: molar tooth
def: "Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals." [Wikipedia:Molar_(tooth)]
comment: Adult humans have twelve molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The third, rearmost molar in each group is called a wisdom tooth. It is the last tooth to appear, breaking through the surface of the gum at about the age of twenty, although this varies from individual to individual. Ethnicity can also have an impact on the age at which this occurs, with statistical variations between groups. The human mouth contains upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular) molars. They are: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar, maxillary third molar, mandibular first molar, mandibular second molar, and mandibular third molar.
synonym: "dens molaris" EXACT [Wikipedia:Molar_%28tooth%29]
synonym: "molar" RELATED [MA:0000350]
synonym: "molaris" EXACT [BTO:0001759]
xref: FMA:55638 ! Molar tooth
xref: MA:0000350 ! molar
xref: ncithesaurus:Molar_Tooth ! Molar Tooth
xref: BTO:0001759 ! molaris
xref: MESH:A14.254.860.525 ! molar
is_a: UBERON:0013164 ! molariform tooth
xref: SCTID:362115002 ! Entire molar tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003674 ! cuspid
disjoint_from: UBERON:0007120 ! premolar tooth
xref: UMLS:C0026367

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007120
name: premolar tooth
def: "The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication. It has properties of both the anterior canines and posterior molars, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars. The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar. There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two lingual cusps. Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines preceded by deciduous molars. In primitive mammals there are four premolars per quadrant. The most mesial two have been lost in Catarrhines. Paleontologists refer to human premolars as Pm3 and Pm4." [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "secondary premolar tooth" NARROW [FMA:55637]
synonym: "bicuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "bicuspid teeth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "bicuspid tooth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "bicuspids" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "biscuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "dens premolaris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "dentes premolares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "mandibular bicuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "maxillary bicuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "maxillary premolar" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "pm3 %28dentistry%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "pr%c3%a6molares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "praemolares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "premolar teeth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "premolar tooth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "premolars" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "premolar" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "dentes premolares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Premolar]
xref: FMA:55637 ! premolar tooth
xref: MESH:A14.254.860.150
xref: GAID:1261 ! bicuspid
is_a: UBERON:0013164 ! molariform tooth
relationship: has_part UBERON:0006844 {min_count="1", editor_notes="cardinality not allowed with transitivity in OWL"} ! cusp of tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002135 ! mitral valve
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003674 ! cuspid
xref: ncithesaurus:Bicuspid_Tooth ! Bicuspid Tooth
xref: SCTID:304572005 ! Entire premolar tooth
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray1003.png
xref: UMLS:C1704302

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003675
name: tooth crown
synonym: "tooth crown" EXACT [FMA:55623]
synonym: "crown" RELATED []
synonym: "crown of tooth" EXACT [FMA:55623]
synonym: "anatomical crown" EXACT [FMA:55623]
synonym: "corona dentis" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis]
xref: FMA:55623 ! Crown of tooth
xref: GAID:1275 ! tooth crown
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.710 ! tooth crown
xref: ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis ! Crown
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
xref: SCTID:362106009 ! Entire crown of tooth
xref: UMLS:C0226993

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003677
name: tooth root
synonym: "radix corona" EXACT [FMA:55624]
synonym: "tooth root" EXACT [FMA:55624]
synonym: "root of tooth" EXACT [FMA:55624]
xref: FMA:55624 ! Root of tooth
xref: GAID:1280 ! tooth root
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.750 ! tooth root
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
xref: SCTID:245728004 ! Entire tooth root

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003678
name: tooth apex
synonym: "apical foramen" RELATED [GAID:1281]
synonym: "tooth apex" EXACT [FMA:63000]
synonym: "tooth apice" RELATED [GAID:1281]
synonym: "apex of tooth" EXACT [FMA:63000]
xref: FMA:63000 ! Apex of tooth
xref: GAID:1281 ! tooth apex
xref: MESH:A14.254.900.750.700 ! tooth apex
is_a: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013612
name: tooth cingulid
def: "A ridge that girdles the base of a lower molar tooth" [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cingulid]
synonym: "cingulid of molar tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "cingulid" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003667 ! lower jaw molar

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013613
name: tooth cingulum
def: "A ridge that girdles the base of a upper molar tooth" [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cingulum]
synonym: "cingulum of molar tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "cingulum" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003666 ! upper jaw molar
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003961 ! cingulum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003679
name: mouth floor
synonym: "floor of mouth" EXACT [FMA:86592]
synonym: "sublingual region" RELATED [GAID:1283]
xref: FMA:86592 ! Floor of mouth
xref: GAID:1283 ! mouth floor
xref: ncithesaurus:Floor_of_the_Mouth ! Floor of Mouth
xref: MESH:A14.549.441 ! mouth floor
xref: EFO:0001923 ! floor of mouth
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
xref: SCTID:245786002 ! Entire floor of mouth
xref: UMLS:C0026638

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003682
name: palatal muscle
def: "The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni)." [MESH:A02.633.567.750, Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces]
comment: Editor notes: consider extra class for fauces. AO notes: see also FMA:71438 ! set of muscles of soft palate and fauces
synonym: "palatal muscle" EXACT [FMA:46726]
synonym: "palate muscle" EXACT [FMA:46726]
synonym: "palatine muscle" EXACT [FMA:46726]
synonym: "muscle of palate" EXACT [FMA:46726]
synonym: "musculi palati mollis et faucium" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46726 ! Muscle of palate
xref: GAID:151 ! palatal muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Palatal_Muscle ! Palatal Muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.750 ! palatal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
xref: SCTID:244794002 ! Muscle of palate
xref: SCTID:73711005 ! Entire muscle of palate AND/OR fauces
synonym: "musculi palati mollis et faucium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001759 {source="dbpedia", notes="Vagus except tensor veli palatini"} ! vagus nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray1028.png
xref: UMLS:C0030213

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003683
name: rotator cuff
def: "a group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. The four muscles of the rotator cuff are over half of the seven scapulohumeral muscles" [Wikipedia:Rotator_cuff]
synonym: "musculotendinous cuff" EXACT [FMA:37018]
synonym: "rotator cuff" EXACT [FMA:37018]
synonym: "tendinous cuff" EXACT [FMA:37018]
xref: FMA:37018 ! Tendinous cuff
xref: GAID:160 ! rotator cuff
xref: ncithesaurus:Rotator_Cuff ! Rotator Cuff
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.912 ! rotator cuff
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! shoulder
xref: UMLS:C0085515

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003686
name: tooth socket
def: "Dental alveolus (plural, alveoli) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connect the roots of the teeth and the alveolus are called gomphosis (plural gomphoses). In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla and the mandible. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus]
synonym: "alveolus dentali" RELATED [GAID:217]
synonym: "alveolus dentalis" RELATED [GAID:217]
synonym: "dental alveolus" RELATED [GAID:217]
synonym: "dental alveolus" EXACT [FMA:57490]
xref: FMA:57490 ! Tooth socket
xref: GAID:217 ! tooth socket
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Alveole_zahn.jpg/200px-Alveole_zahn.jpg
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.125.800 ! tooth socket
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004103 {source="MESH-modified"} ! alveolar ridge
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth_Socket ! tooth socket
synonym: "alveolus dentalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Alveole_zahn.jpg
xref: SCTID:288323008 ! Entire alveolus dentalis
xref: UMLS:C0227130

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003687
name: foramen magnum
def: "In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Foramen_magnum]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:75306 ! Foramen magnum
xref: GAID:228 ! foramen magnum
xref: ncithesaurus:Foramen_Magnum ! Foramen Magnum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! foramen magnum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gray130.png/200px-Gray130.png
xref: ZFA:0005387 ! foramen magnum
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.572.434 ! foramen magnum
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
xref: AAO:0010826 ! foramen magnum
xref: SCTID:244679008 ! Entire foramen magnum
xref: TAO:0002045 ! foramen magnum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gray130.png
property_value: external_definition "Foramen in the occipital region of neurocranium to allow passage of spinal cord.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002045", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
xref: UMLS:C0016519

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003688
name: omentum
xref: FMA:14650 ! Omentum
xref: GAID:23 ! omentum
xref: ncithesaurus:Omentum ! Omentum
xref: galen:Omentum ! omentum
xref: MESH:A01.047.025.600.573 ! omentum
xref: EV:0100084 ! omentum
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001178 ! visceral peritoneum
xref: SCTID:362710002 ! Entire omentum
property_value: has_relational_adjective "omental" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0028977

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003689
name: sella turcica
def: "The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sella_turcica]
comment: Editor notes: for consistency with FMA we have a separate class for the cavity of the sella turcica
synonym: "suprasellar" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sella_turcica]
synonym: "turkish saddle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sella_turcica]
xref: FMA:54709 ! Sella turcica
xref: GAID:231 ! sella turcica
xref: ncithesaurus:Sella_Turcica ! Sella Turcica
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray145.png/200px-Gray145.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.802.662 ! sella turcica
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009639 {source="FMA"} ! body of sphenoid
synonym: "Turkey Chair" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sella_turcica]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png
xref: SCTID:368554001 ! Entire suprasellar region
xref: UMLS:C0036609

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006667
name: pituitary fossa
synonym: "hypophyseal fossa" EXACT [FMA:54721]
synonym: "pituitary fossa" EXACT [FMA:54721]
xref: FMA:54721 ! Hypophysial fossa
xref: EMAPA:19195 ! pituitary fossa
is_a: UBERON:0002553 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003689 ! sella turcica
xref: SCTID:264194004 ! Entire pituitary fossa
synonym: "hypophysial fossa" EXACT [FMA:54721]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003690
name: sacrum
def: "The sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). In children, it consists of usually five unfused vertebrae which begin to fuse between ages 16-18 and are usually completely fused into a single bone by age 26. It is curved upon itself and placed obliquely (that is, tilted forward). It is kyphotic — that is, concave facing forwards. The base projects forward as the sacral promontory internally, and articulates with the last lumbar vertebra to form the prominent sacrovertebral angle. The central part is curved outward towards the posterior, allowing greater room for the pelvic cavity. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sacrum]
synonym: "sacral bone" RELATED [FMA:16202]
synonym: "sacrum [sacral vertebrae I-V]" EXACT [FMA:16202]
synonym: "sacrum [sacral vertebrae i - v]" EXACT [FMA:16202]
synonym: "os sacrum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sacrum]
xref: FMA:16202 ! Sacrum
xref: GAID:241 ! sacrum
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacrum ! Sacrum
xref: galen:Sacrum ! sacrum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmBKnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! sacrum
xref: AAO:0000552 ! sacrum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gray95.png/200px-Gray95.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.717 ! sacrum
xref: EFO:0003071 ! sacrum
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005473 {source="FMA"} ! sacral region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 {source="FMA"} ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001270 {source="FMA"} ! bony pelvis
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
synonym: "os sacrum [vertebrae sacrales i - v]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:16202]
xref: SCTID:264186006 ! Entire sacrum
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004621 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 5
synonym: "os sacrum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sacrum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Gray95.png
property_value: external_definition "Enlarged vertebra with transverse processes (diapophyses), and ocassionally ribs, that are modified and elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000552", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "sacral" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011772
name: lower jaw opening
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0004768 ! bone of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004768 ! bone of lower jaw
xref: AAO:0000273 ! lower jaw opening
def: "An anatomical space that is part of a bone of lower jaw." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011773
name: upper jaw opening
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0011597 ! bone of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011597 ! bone of upper jaw
xref: AAO:0000621 ! upper jaw opening
def: "An anatomical space that is part of a bone of upper jaw." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003691
name: epidural space
synonym: "extradural space" EXACT [FMA:71228]
xref: FMA:71228 ! Epidural space
xref: GAID:243 ! epidural space
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.803.350 ! epidural space
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
synonym: "spatium extradurale" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71228]
xref: SCTID:281866004 ! Entire epidural space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003693
name: retroperitoneal space
def: "anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they only have peritoneum on their anterior side." [Wikipedia:Retroperitoneum]
synonym: "retroperitoneum" EXACT [FMA:15080]
xref: FMA:15080 ! Retroperitoneal space
xref: GAID:25 ! retroperitoneal space
xref: ncithesaurus:Retroperitoneum ! Retroperitoneum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray1126.png/200px-Gray1126.png
xref: MESH:A01.047.025.750 ! retroperitoneal space
xref: EFO:0002806 ! retroperitoneum
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003684 ! abdominal cavity
xref: SCTID:243983004 ! Entire retroperitoneal space
property_value: has_relational_adjective "retroperitoneal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0035359

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011118
name: tarsometatarsal joint
def: "The tarsometatarsal articulations are arthrodial joints in the pes. It is also known as the \"Lisfranc joint\". It is named after 18th-19th century surgeon and gynecologist, Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin." [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "cuboideometatarsal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "lisfranc joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "tarsometatarsal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "tarso-metatarsal join" EXACT []
synonym: "tarsometatarsal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "articulationes tarsometatarsales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
xref: FMA:35216 ! tarsometatarsal joint
xref: SCTID:182222008 ! Entire tarsometatarsal joint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray358.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Gray355.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011119
name: carpometacarpal joint
def: "The carpometacarpal joints (CMC) are joints in the wrist that articulates the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the metacarpal bones." [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
synonym: "CMJ" BROAD [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
synonym: "carpometacarpal" BROAD [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
synonym: "carpometacarpal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
synonym: "articulationes carpometacarpeæ" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
xref: FMA:35287 ! carpometacarpal joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Carpometacarpal_Joint ! carpometacarpal joint
xref: SCTID:361842002 ! Entire carpometacarpal joint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Gray335.png
xref: UMLS:C0224620

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011265
name: carpometacarpal joint of digit 1
def: "A carpometacarpal joint that connects to metacarpal 1. " [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb]
comment: Taxon notes: In humans it connects the trapezium to the first metacarpal bone, plays an irreplaceable role in the normal functioning of the thumb. The most important joint connecting the wrist to the metacarpus, osteoarthritis of the TMC is a severely disabling condition; up to twenty times more common among old women than in average[WP]
synonym: "carpometacarpal joint of thumb" EXACT [FMA:35421]
synonym: "carpometacarpal joint of pollex" EXACT  [FMA:35421]
synonym: "carpometacarpal joint of the thumb" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb]
synonym: "trapeziometacarpal joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb]
synonym: "TMJ" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb]
is_a: UBERON:0011965 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="Wikipedia"} ! saddle joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0011119  ! carpometacarpal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1
xref: FMA:35421 ! carpometacarpal joint of thumb
xref: SCTID:361843007 ! Entire carpometacarpal joint of thumb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009559 ! metacarpal/tarsal-phalangeal joint
name: metacarpal/tarsal-phalangeal joint
comment: Editor notes: We include these joints as being part of the digits; this is consistent with the FMA, and makes classification easier. Note that digit and metapodial regions are part-disjoint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003656 ! mesopodium bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002544 ! digit
synonym: "metapodium-phalanx joint" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "metacarpo-tarsophalangeal joint" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "fetlock" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Fetlock, NCBITaxon:9788]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a mesopodium bone and connects a proximal phalanx." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003695
name: metacarpophalangeal joint
def: "The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint. Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint]
comment: Editor notes: we follow FMA in making these joints part of digits. We include carpometacarpophalangeal joint as a synonym - these joints connect to the carpometacarpus - this is not necessarily inconsistent with the relationship for this class to metacarpal bone, as the carpometacarpus could be considered to have a metacarpal as part
synonym: "metacarpal phalangeal joint" RELATED [HP:0004294]
synonym: "metacarpal joint" BROAD [FMA:35246]
synonym: "MP joint" EXACT [FMA:35246]
synonym: "metacarpo-phalangeal joint" EXACT [MA:0000453]
synonym: "carpometacarpophalangeal joint" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782]
xref: FMA:35246 ! Metacarpophalangeal joint
xref: GAID:255 ! metacarpophalangeal joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpophalangeal_Joint ! Metacarpophalangeal Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNt8wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! metacarpophalangeal joint
xref: MA:0000453 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Gray337.png/200px-Gray337.png
xref: EMAPA:19302 ! metacarpo-phalangeal
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.345.512 ! metacarpophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
xref: galen:MetacarpoPhalangealJoint
xref: SCTID:280995004 ! Entire metacarpophalangeal joint
synonym: "articulationes metacarpophalangeae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray337.png
xref: UMLS:C0025525

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007735
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 1
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of first digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35249]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 1" EXACT  []
synonym: "metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 1 of fore-paw" NARROW [EMAPA:25057]
xref: EMAPA:25057 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 1 of fore-paw
xref: FMA:35249 ! metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004338 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001463 {source="FMA"} ! manual digit 1
xref: SCTID:361844001 ! Entire metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35249]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007738
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 2
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of second digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35252]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of second finger" EXACT  [FMA:35252]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 2" EXACT  []
synonym: "metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 2 of fore-paw" NARROW [EMAPA:25060]
xref: FMA:35252 ! metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger
xref: EMAPA:25060 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 2 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004328 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003622 {source="FMA"} ! manual digit 2
xref: SCTID:361845000 ! Entire metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35252]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007741
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 3
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of third digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35255]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of third finger" EXACT  [FMA:35255]
synonym: "carpometacarpophalangeal joint of third digit" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 3" EXACT  []
synonym: "metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 3 of fore-paw" NARROW [EMAPA:25063]
xref: FMA:35255 ! metacarpophalangeal joint of middle finger
xref: EMAPA:25063 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 3 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004329 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003623 {source="FMA"} ! manual digit 3
xref: SCTID:361846004 ! Entire metacarpophalangeal joint of middle finger
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of middle finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35255]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007744
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 4
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35258]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth finger" EXACT  [FMA:35258]
synonym: "carpometacarpophalangeal joint of fourth digit" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 4 of fore-paw" NARROW [EMAPA:25066]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 4" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:35258 ! metacarpophalangeal joint of ring finger
xref: EMAPA:25066 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 4 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004330 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003624 {source="FMA"} ! manual digit 4
xref: SCTID:361847008 ! Entire metacarpophalangeal joint of ring finger
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of ring finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35258]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007747
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35261]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth finger" EXACT  [FMA:35261]
synonym: "metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 5 of fore-paw" NARROW [EMAPA:25069]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 5" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:35261 ! metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
xref: EMAPA:25069 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 5 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004331 ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003625 {source="FMA"} ! manual digit 5
xref: SCTID:361848003 ! Entire metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35261]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metacarpal bone and connects a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003696
name: metatarsophalangeal joint
def: "The metatarsophalangeal articulations are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones of the toes . They are condyloid joints meaning an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) come close to the shallow cavities (of the proximal phalanges). The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral." [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
comment: Editor notes: we follow FMA in making these joints part of digits
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
synonym: "metatarsalphalangeal joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
synonym: "metatarsal joint" RELATED [FMA:35222]
xref: FMA:35222 ! Metatarsophalangeal joint
xref: GAID:258 ! metatarsophalangeal joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsophalangeal_Joint ! Metatarsophalangeal Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCtS0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! metatarsophalangeal joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.378.531 ! metatarsophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
xref: galen:MetatarsoPhalangealJoint
xref: SCTID:239747005 ! Entire metatarsal joint
xref: SCTID:302535003 ! Entire metatarsophalangeal joint
synonym: "articulationes metatarsophalangeae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray268.png
xref: UMLS:C0025589

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007750
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 1
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of first digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35228]
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe" EXACT  [FMA:35228]
synonym: "first metatarsophalangeal joint" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:35228 ! metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe
xref: EMAPA:26436 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 1 of hind-paw
xref: SCTID:182223003 ! Entire first metatarsophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004315 ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003631 {source="FMA"} ! pedal digit 1
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35228]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007753
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of second digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35231]
xref: FMA:35231 ! metatarsophalangeal joint of second toe
xref: EMAPA:26442 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 2 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004316 ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003632 {source="FMA"} ! pedal digit 2
xref: SCTID:361869001 ! Entire metatarsophalangeal joint of second toe
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of second toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35231]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007756
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 3
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of third digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35234]
xref: FMA:35234 ! metatarsophalangeal joint of third toe
xref: EMAPA:26460 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 3 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004317 ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003633 {source="FMA"} ! pedal digit 3
xref: SCTID:361870000 ! Entire metatarsophalangeal joint of third toe
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of third toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35234]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007759
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35237]
xref: FMA:35237 ! metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth toe
xref: EMAPA:26472 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 4 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects  UBERON:0004318 ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003634 {source="FMA"} ! pedal digit 4
xref: SCTID:361871001 ! Entire metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth toe
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35237]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007762
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 5
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35240]
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth toe" EXACT  [FMA:35240]
xref: FMA:35240 ! metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe
xref: EMAPA:26484 ! metacarpo-phalangeal joint of digit 5 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects  UBERON:0004319 ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003635 {source="FMA"} ! pedal digit 5
xref: SCTID:361872008 ! Entire metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth toe
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35240]
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a metatarsal bone and connects a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003697
name: abdominal wall
def: "The abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and anterior (front) walls. There is a common set of layers covering and forming all the walls: the deepest being the extraperitoneal fat, the parietal peritoneum, and a layer of fascia which has different names over where it covers (eg transversalis, psoas fascia). Superficial to these, but not present in the posterior wall are the three layers of muscle, the transversus abdominis (transverse abdominal muscle), the internal (obliquus internus) and the external oblique (obliquus externus)." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall]
synonym: "layers of the abdominal wall" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall]
synonym: "paries abdominalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall]
synonym: "wall of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:259054]
xref: FMA:10429 ! Wall of abdomen proper
xref: FMA:259054 ! wall of abdomen
xref: GAID:26 ! abdominal wall
xref: MESH:A01.047.050 ! abdominal wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Wall ! Abdominal Wall
xref: SCTID:181613000 ! Entire abdominal wall
synonym: "paries abdominalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg
synonym: "wall of abdomen proper" EXACT [FMA:10429]
xref: UMLS:C0836916

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003699
name: pubic symphysis
def: "the firm fibrocartilaginous joint in the median plane between the two opposing surfaces of the pubic bones, which are united by an interpubic disc of fibrocartilage as well as the superior and arcuate pubic ligaments." [MP:0009575, Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
comment: In birds, the pubic symphysis is present only in the ostrich, and the two hip bones are usually widely separated, making it easier to lay large eggs - Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 188–192. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
synonym: "interpubic articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
synonym: "symphisis pubis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
synonym: "symphysis pubis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
synonym: "symphysis pubis" EXACT [FMA:16950]
synonym: "symphisis pubis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
xref: FMA:16950 ! Pubic symphysis
xref: GAID:267 ! pubic symphysis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwGw9npwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pubic symphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gray321.png/200px-Gray321.png
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.656 ! pubic symphysis
is_a: UBERON:0002216 {source="FMA"} ! symphysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 {source="FMA"} ! pelvis
relationship: connects UBERON:0011091 ! skeleton of left pelvic girdle
relationship: connects UBERON:0011090 ! skeleton of right pelvic girdle
xref: AAO:0000769 ! pelvic girdle symphisis
xref: SCTID:182200001 ! Entire symphysis pubis
subset: organ_slim
xref: ncithesaurus:Pubic_Symphisis ! pubic symphysis
synonym: "symphysis pubica, symphysis pubis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Gray321.png
property_value: external_definition "Medial attachment of the two halves of the pelvic girdle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000769", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0034015

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003700
name: temporomandibular joint
def: "A joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to a temporal bone. There are two TMJs, one on either side, working in unison. The unique feature of the TMJs is the articular disc. The disc is composed of fibrocartilagenous tissue (like the firm and flexible elastic cartilage of the ear) which is positioned between the two bones that form the joint. The TMJs are one of the only synovial joints in the human body with an articular disc, another being the sternoclavicular joint. The disc divides each joint into two. The lower joint compartment formed by the mandible and the articular disc is involved in rotational movement -- this is the initial movement of the jaw when the mouth opens. The upper joint compartment formed by the articular disk and the temporal bone is involved in translational movement -- this is the secondary gliding motion of the jaw as it is opened widely. The part of the mandible which mates to the under-surface of the disc is the condyle and the part of the temporal bone which mates to the upper surface of the disk is the glenoid (or mandibular) fossa[WP]." [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "tempero-mandibular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporalmandibular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporomandibular" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporomandibular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporomandibular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temperomandibular joint" EXACT [HP:0010754]
synonym: "TMJ" EXACT [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint, BTO:0003674]
synonym: "dentary-squamosal joint" RELATED [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html]
synonym: "squamosal-dentary joint" RELATED [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html]
xref: FMA:54832 ! Temporomandibular joint
xref: GAID:272 ! temporomandibular joint
xref: MA:0002899 ! temporomandibular joint
xref: BTO:0003674 ! temporomandibular joint
xref: EMAPA:19196 ! temporo-mandibular joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.861 ! temporomandibular joint
is_a: UBERON:0011171 ! jaw joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001695 ! squamous part of temporal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004742 ! dentary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011130 ! temporomandibular joint primordium
xref: SCTID:181814009 ! Entire temporomandibular joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Jaw_Joint ! jaw joint
synonym: "articulatio temporomandibularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray309.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000165 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! mouth
xref: UMLS:C0039493

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011130 ! temporomandibular joint primordium
name: temporomandibular joint primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 {source="EMAPA"} ! petrous part of temporal bone
synonym: "temporo-mandibular joint primordium" EXACT [EMAPA:18714]
xref: EMAPA:18714 ! temporo-mandibular joint primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011318
name: capsule of temporomandibular joint
def: "The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is a thin, loose envelope, attached above to the circumference of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle immediately in front; below, to the neck of the condyle of the mandible." [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "capsula articularis articulationis temporomandibularis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_the_temporomandibular_joint]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001484 ! articular capsule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003700 ! temporomandibular joint
xref: FMA:57050 ! articular capsule of temporomandibular joint
xref: SCTID:303404000 ! Entire capsule of temporomandibular joint
synonym: "articular capsule of temporomandibular joint" EXACT [FMA:57050]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011319
name: disk of temporomandibular joint
def: "The fibrocartilaginous plate that separates the joint into upper and lower cavities." [BTO:0003675, Wikipedia:Articular_disk_of_the_temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "articular disc of temporomandibular joint" EXACT  [FMA:57059]
synonym: "discus articularis (articulatio temporomandibularis)" EXACT  [FMA:57059]
synonym: "discus articularis articulationis temporomandibularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "articular disc of temporomandibular joint" RELATED  [BTO:0003675]
synonym: "discus articularis temporomandibularis" RELATED  [BTO:0003675]
synonym: "mandibular disk" RELATED  [BTO:0003675]
synonym: "discus articularis articulationis temporomandibularis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Articular_disk_of_the_temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporomandibular joint disk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Articular_disk_of_the_temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporomandibular articular disk" RELATED  [GAID:273]
synonym: "temporomandibular articular disk" EXACT [BTO:0003675]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 {source="FMA"} ! cartilage element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003700 {source="BTO"} ! temporomandibular joint
xref: BTO:0003675 ! temporomandibular articular disk
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.861.900
xref: FMA:57059 ! articular disk of temporomandibular joint
xref: SCTID:282433007 ! Entire articular disc of temporomandibular joint
synonym: "articular disk of temporomandibular joint" EXACT [FMA:57059]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011320
name: ligament of temporomandibular joint
def: "." [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint#Ligaments]
synonym: "temporomandibular joint ligament" EXACT  [FMA:57070]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003700  ! temporomandibular joint
xref: FMA:57070 ! ligament of temporomandibular joint
xref: SCTID:127861009 ! Ligament of temporomandibular joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011165
name: crico-esophageal tendon
def: "Longitudinal fibers of the esophagus that attaches to the posterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx" [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=90131]
is_a: UBERON:0008845 {source="FMA"} ! nonskeletal ligament
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
synonym: "cricoesophageal tendon" EXACT []
synonym: "crico-oesophageal tendon" EXACT []
synonym: "tendo cricoesophageus" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/]
synonym: "Gillette suspensory ligament" RELATED [http://www.medilexicon.com/]
synonym: "suspensory ligament of esophagus" RELATED [http://www.medilexicon.com/]
xref: FMA:76887 ! crico-oesophageal tendon
xref: SCTID:322841005 ! Entire cricoesophageal tendon
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricoesophageal_Tendon ! cricoesophageal tendon
xref: UMLS:C0227182

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003701
name: calcaneal tendon
def: "The Achilles tendon is a tendon of the posterior leg. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone." [Wikipedia:Achilles_tendon]
comment: AO notes: in FMA this is a ligament, and part of the muscle
synonym: "Achille's tendon" EXACT []
synonym: "Achilles' tendon" EXACT []
synonym: "calcaneal tendon" EXACT [FMA:51061]
synonym: "tendo calcaneus" EXACT LATIN [MA:0002993]
synonym: "tendo Achillis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Achilles_tendon]
synonym: "Achilles tendon" EXACT  [MA:0002993]
xref: FMA:51061 ! Calcaneal tendon
xref: GAID:277 ! achilles tendon
xref: ncithesaurus:Achilles_Tendon ! Achilles Tendon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjNX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! achilles tendon
xref: MA:0002993 ! tendo calcaneus
xref: MESH:A02.880.176 ! achilles tendon
is_a: UBERON:0000043 {source="MA"} ! tendon
intersection_of: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001450 ! calcaneus
relationship: connects UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001665 {source="FMA"} ! triceps surae
xref: SCTID:181705009 ! Entire achilles tendon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0001074

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003705
name: meckel's diverticulum
def: "a small bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct" [Wikipedia:Meckel\'s_diverticulum]
comment: AO notes: finding in ncit; GALT in chickens
synonym: "diverticulum of meckel" EXACT [FMA:14967]
synonym: "meckel diverticulum" RELATED [GAID:317]
synonym: "meckel's diverticulum" EXACT [FMA:14967]
synonym: "meckels diverticulum" RELATED [GAID:317]
synonym: "ileal diverticulum" EXACT [FMA:14967]
xref: FMA:14967 ! Ileal diverticulum
xref: GAID:317 ! meckel's diverticulum
xref: MESH:A03.492.411.620.484.612 ! meckel's diverticulum
is_a: UBERON:0006590 ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002116 ! ileum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007105 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vitelline duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Meckel_Diverticulum ! Meckel Diverticulum
xref: galen:MeckelsDiverticulum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007105
name: vitelline duct
def: "In the human embryo, the vitelline duct, also known as the omphalomesenteric duct, is a long narrow tube that joins the yolk-sac to the midgut lumen of the developing fetus. It appears at the end of the fourth week, when the yolk-sac presents the appearance of a small pear-shaped vesicle (the umbilical vesicle). The vesicle can be seen in the afterbirth as a small, somewhat oval-shaped body whose diameter varies from 1 mm to 5 mm. It is situated between the amnion and the chorion and may lie on or at a varying distance from the placenta. Generally, the duct fully obliterates (narrows and disappears) during the seventh week, but a failure of the duct to close is termed a vitelline fistula. This results in discharge of meconium from the umbilicus. About two per cent of fetuses exhibit a type of vitelline fistula characterized by persistence of the proximal part of the vitelline duct as a diverticulum protruding from the small intestine, Meckel's diverticulum, which is situated about two feet above the ileocecal junction, and may be attached by a fibrous cord to the abdominal wall at the umbilicus. Sometimes a narrowing of the lumen of the ileum is seen opposite the site of attachment of the duct." [Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct]
synonym: "ductus vitellinus" RELATED []
synonym: "embryonic yolk stalk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct]
synonym: "omphalomesenteric duct" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct]
synonym: "yolk duct" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct]
synonym: "yolk-stalk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct]
synonym: "omphalomesenteric duct" RELATED [MESH:A16.254.891]
xref: Wikipedia:Vitelline_duct ! vitelline duct
xref: MESH:A16.254.891 ! vitelline duct
xref: GAID:1314 ! vitelline duct
xref: EMAPA:26139 ! vitelline duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray30.png
xref: SCTID:280701007 ! Entire yolk stalk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003707
name: sinus of Valsalva
def: "one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta, which occurs just above the aortic valve." [Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus]
synonym: "aortic sinus" RELATED [GAID:472]
synonym: "Valsalva sinus" RELATED [GAID:472]
synonym: "sinus aortae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus]
synonym: "sinus aorta" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus]
synonym: "sinus of Morgagni" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus]
synonym: "sinus of Otto" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus]
synonym: "Petit's sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus]
xref: FMA:3745 ! Aortic sinus
xref: GAID:472 ! sinus of valsalva
xref: EMAPA:18625 ! aortic sinus
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.056.847 ! sinus of valsalva
xref: ncithesaurus:Sinus_of_Valsava ! sinus of valsava
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010172 {source="MP"} ! bulb of aorta
synonym: "sinus aortae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Aortic_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Gray497.png
xref: SCTID:277732004 ! Entire sinus of Valsalva
xref: UMLS:C0503361

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003708
name: carotid sinus
def: "In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery bifurcation. A synonym for the carotid sinus is the carotid bulb. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Carotid_sinus]
xref: FMA:50094 ! Carotid sinus
xref: GAID:482 ! carotid sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray513.png/200px-Gray513.png
xref: EMAPA:19320 ! carotid sinus
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.186.456 ! carotid sinus
is_a: UBERON:0001530 ! common carotid artery
xref: SCTID:281137000 ! Entire carotid sinus
synonym: "sinus caroticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Carotid_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray513.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003709
name: circle of Willis
def: "a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. The Circle of Willis comprises the following arteries: Anterior cerebral artery (left and right); Anterior communicating artery; Internal carotid artery (left and right); Posterior cerebral artery (left and right); Posterior communicating artery (left and right).The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, supplying the brain, are also considered part of the circle" [Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis]
comment: In zebrafish, the circle of vessels comprised of the basal communicating artery (BCA) and posterior communicating segments (PCS) superficially resemble but are not homologous to the human circle of Willis[http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html]. Editor note: 
synonym: "cerebral arterial circle" RELATED [GAID:486]
synonym: "arterial circle of Willis" EXACT []
synonym: "arterial circle" BROAD [Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis]
synonym: "Willis circle" RELATED [GAID:486]
xref: FMA:50454 ! Cerebral arterial circle
xref: GAID:486 ! circle of willis
xref: EHDAA:9758 ! circle of Willis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwSrCwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! circle of Willis
xref: EHDAA2:0000252 ! circle of Willis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg/200px-Circle_of_Willis_en.svg.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.351 ! circle of willis
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0007143 {source="FMA-modified"} ! right internal carotid artery
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0007142 {source="FMA-modified"} ! left internal carotid artery
xref: SCTID:362047009 ! Entire circle of Willis
synonym: "circulus arteriosus cerebri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Circle_of_Willis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003710
name: vasa vasorum
def: "Nutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins." [MESH:A07.231.836, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_vasorum]
comment: Taxon notes: The aorta of swine contains a vaso vasorum like humans - http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/swine/swine.htm#art
xref: FMA:77433 ! Vasa vasorum
xref: GAID:526 ! vasa vasorum
xref: ncithesaurus:Vasa_Vasorum ! Vasa Vasorum
xref: MESH:A07.231.836 ! vasa vasorum
is_a: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
xref: SCTID:7524009 ! Entire vasa vasorum
xref: UMLS:C0042367

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003712
name: cavernous sinus
def: "The cavernous sinus (or lateral sellar compartment), within the human head, is a large collection of thin-walled veins creating a cavity bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica." [Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus]
synonym: "cavernous" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus]
synonym: "cavernous sinus syndrome" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus]
synonym: "cavernous sinuses" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus]
synonym: "cavernus sinus vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus]
synonym: "parasellar syndrome" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus]
synonym: "sinus cavernosus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus]
xref: FMA:50772 ! Cavernous sinus
xref: GAID:532 ! cavernous sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Cavernous_Sinus ! Cavernous Sinus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwKAVGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cavernous sinus
xref: EMAPA:19059 ! cavernous
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.224.334 ! cavernous sinus
is_a: UBERON:0005486 ! venous dural sinus
xref: SCTID:244402005 ! Entire cavernous sinus
property_value: external_definition "An irregularly shaped venous space in the dura mater at either side of the sphenoid bone[MESH:A07.231.908.224.334]." xsd:string {source="MESH:A07.231.908.224.334"}
xref: UMLS:C0007473

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003713
name: splenic vein
def: "In anatomy, the splenic vein (in the past called the lienal vein) is the blood vessel that drains blood from the spleen. It joins with the superior mesenteric vein, to form the hepatic portal vein and follows a course superior to the pancreas, alongside of the similarly named artery, the splenic artery. It collects branches from the stomach and pancreas and most notably from the large intestine, which is drained by the inferior mesenteric vein and joins with splenic vein shortly before it forms the portal vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Splenic_vein]
synonym: "lienal vein" RELATED [MA:0002164, Wikipedia:Splenic_vein]
synonym: "vena lienalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Splenic_vein]
xref: FMA:14331 ! Splenic vein
xref: GAID:541 ! splenic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein ! Splenic Vein
xref: galen:SplenicVein ! splenic vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt0eZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! splenic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gray1189.png/200px-Gray1189.png
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.670.730 ! splenic vein
xref: MA:0002164 ! lienal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:278029005 ! Entire splenic vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Bilebladder.png
xref: UMLS:C0038001

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003714 ! neural tissue
name: neural tissue
def: "Portion of tissue which consists of neurons, neuroglia and vasculature. Examples: Neural tissue of brain, neural tissue of peripheral ganglion, neural tissue of nerve[FMA]." [FMA:9642]
comment: FMA definition includes vasculature
synonym: "nerve tissue" EXACT [FMA:9642]
synonym: "nervous tissue" EXACT [FMA:9642]
synonym: "portion of neural tissue" EXACT [FMA:9642]
xref: FMA:9642 ! Portion of neural tissue
xref: GAID:609 ! nerve tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Nervous_Tissue ! Nerve Tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rVmfYCsQ_QdeM_bFAeS8NRQ ! nerve tissue
xref: EHDAA2:0003123 ! neural tissue
xref: AEO:0000123 ! neural tissue
xref: AAO:0000325 ! nervous tissue
xref: MESH:A08.561 ! nerve tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000125 ! glial cell
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000540 ! neuron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
xref: SCTID:91728009 ! Structure of nervous tissue
property_value: external_definition "One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000325", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0027757

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003715
name: splanchnic nerve
def: "the major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia." [MP:0008318]
xref: FMA:5883 ! Splanchnic nerve
xref: GAID:800 ! splanchnic nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.050.800 ! splanchnic nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000013 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: SCTID:264198001 ! Splanchnic nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003716
name: recurrent laryngeal nerve
def: "A branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). It travels within the endoneurium. It is the nerve of the 6th Branchial Arch." [Wikipedia:Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve]
synonym: "inferior laryngeal nerve" RELATED [GAID:804]
synonym: "recurrent nerve" BROAD [Wikipedia:Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve]
synonym: "nervus laryngeus recurrens" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve]
synonym: "recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "vagus X nerve recurrent laryngeal branch" EXACT [VHOG:0001347]
xref: FMA:6246 ! Recurrent laryngeal nerve
xref: GAID:804 ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.050.050.925.450.700 ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001759 ! vagus nerve
xref: SCTID:24227007 ! Structure of recurrent laryngeal nerve
xref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray793.png
xref: VHOG:0001347 ! vagus X nerve recurrent laryngeal branch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011766
name: vagus X nerve left recurrent laryngeal branch
is_a: UBERON:0003716 {source="FMA"} ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
xref: MA:0001107 ! vagus X nerve left recurrent laryngeal branch
xref: SCTID:280300006 ! Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
xref: EMAPA:25350 ! left recurrent laryngeal branch
xref: FMA:14469 ! left recurrent laryngeal nerve
synonym: "left recurrent laryngeal branch" EXACT [EMAPA:25350]
synonym: "left recurrent laryngeal nerve" EXACT [FMA:14469]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011767
name: vagus X nerve right recurrent laryngeal branch
is_a: UBERON:0003716 {source="FMA"} ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
xref: MA:0001108 ! vagus X nerve right recurrent laryngeal branch
xref: SCTID:280299003 ! Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
xref: EMAPA:17275 ! right recurrent laryngeal branch
xref: FMA:14468 ! right recurrent laryngeal nerve
synonym: "right recurrent laryngeal branch" EXACT [EMAPA:17275]
synonym: "right recurrent laryngeal nerve" EXACT [FMA:14468]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011326
name: superior laryngeal nerve
def: "The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve. It arises from the middle of the ganglion nodosum and in its course receives a branch from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic. It descends, by the side of the pharynx, behind the internal carotid artery, and divides into two branches: external laryngeal nerve internal laryngeal nerve A superior laryngeal nerve palsy changes the pitch of the voice and causes an inability to make explosive sounds. If no recovery is evident three months after the palsy initially presents, the damage is most likely to be permanent. A bilateral palsy presents as a tiring and hoarse voice." [Wikipedia:Superior_laryngeal_nerve]
synonym: "nervus laryngealis superior" EXACT  [FMA:6239]
synonym: "superior laryngeal branch of inferior vagal ganglion" EXACT  [FMA:6239]
synonym: "superior laryngeal branch of vagus" EXACT  [FMA:6239]
synonym: "nervus laryngeus superior" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_laryngeal_nerve]
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001759 {source="FMA"} ! vagus nerve
xref: FMA:6239 ! superior laryngeal nerve
xref: SCTID:279928006 ! Entire superior laryngeal nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011321 ! masseteric nerve
name: masseteric nerve
def: "The masseteric nerve passes laterally, above the Pterygoideus externus, in front of the temporomandibular articulation, and behind the tendon of the Temporalis; it crosses the mandibular notch with the masseteric artery, to the deep surface of the Masseter, in which it ramifies nearly as far as its anterior border. It gives a filament to the temporomandibular joint." [Wikipedia:Masseteric_nerve]
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0000375 {source="FMA"} ! mandibular nerve
synonym: "nervus massetericus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Masseteric_nerve]
xref: FMA:53103 ! masseteric nerve
xref: SCTID:280254006 ! Entire masseteric nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011327
name: deep temporal nerve
def: "The deep temporal nerves, branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, are two in number, anterior and posterior. They pass above the upper border of the pterygoideus externus and enter the deep surface of the temporalis." [Wikipedia:Deep_temporal_nerves]
synonym: "deep temporal nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_temporal_nerves]
synonym: "nervi temporales profundi" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0000375 {source="FMA"} ! mandibular nerve
xref: FMA:53187 ! deep temporal nerve
xref: SCTID:280255007 ! Entire deep temporal nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003718
name: muscle spindle
def: "the sensory organs in muscle that are involved in the stretch reflex." [MP:0004069]
synonym: "muscle stretch receptor" RELATED [GAID:819]
synonym: "neuromuscular spindle" RELATED [GAID:819]
synonym: "neuromuscular spindle" EXACT [FMA:83607]
xref: FMA:83607 ! Muscle spindle
xref: GAID:819 ! muscle spindle
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_Spindle ! Muscle Spindle
xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700.500.500 ! muscle spindle
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
xref: SCTID:12945004 ! Muscle spindle
xref: UMLS:C0027871

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012453
name: nerve ending
def: "Specialized terminations of peripheral neurons. Nerve endings include NEUROEFFECTOR JUNCTION(s) by which neurons activate target organs and sensory receptors (see RECEPTORS, SENSORY) which transduce information from the various sensory modalities and send it centrally in the nervous system. Presynaptic nerve endings are PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS." [MESH:A08.800.550]
comment: This class and subclasses may be ceded to GO
synonym: "nerve ending" RELATED  [MESH:A08.800.550]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001027 ! sensory nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.550 ! nerve ending

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012451
name: sensory receptor
def: "a sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. In response to stimuli the sensory receptor initiates sensory transduction by creating graded potentials or action potentials in the same cell or in an adjacent one.." [Wikipedia:Sensory_receptor]
synonym: "peripheral ending of sensory neuron" EXACT  [FMA:84650]
synonym: "sensory nerve ending" RELATED  [MESH:A08.800.550.700]
is_a: UBERON:0012453 {source="MESH"} ! nerve ending
xref: FMA:84650 ! sensory receptor
xref: SCTID:70402007 ! Peripheral sensory structure
xref: ncithesaurus:Somatosensory_Receptor  ! somatosensory receptor
xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700  ! sensory receptor
xref: UMLS:C0682664

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012449
name: mechanoreceptor
def: "a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. Normally there are four main types in glabrous skin: Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel's discs, and Ruffini endings. There are also mechanoreceptors in hairy skin, and the hair cells in the cochlea are the most sensitive mechanoreceptors, transducing air pressure waves into nerve signals sent to the brain. In the periodontal ligament, there are some mechanoreceptors, which allow the jaw to relax when biting down on hard objects; the mesencephalic nucleus is responsible for this reflex." [Wikipedia:Mechanoreceptor]
synonym: "contact receptor" RELATED [FMA:85595]
is_a: UBERON:0012451 {source="MESH"} ! sensory receptor
xref: FMA:85595 ! contact receptor
xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700.500 ! mechanoreceptor

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003719
alt_id: UBERON:0003717
name: Pacinian corpuscle
def: "any of the rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue beneath both hairy and glabrous skin, and which normally contain an afferent nerve fiber surrounded by a capsule with multiple concentric layers." [MP:0000988, Wikipedia:Lamellar_corpuscle]
comment: AO notes: FMA treats pacinia and G-M as distinct
synonym: "corpusculum lamellosum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Lamellar_corpuscle]
synonym: "lamellar corpuscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lamellar_corpuscle]
synonym: "Pacinian corpuscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lamellar_corpuscle]
synonym: "golgi mazzoni corpuscle" RELATED [GAID:817]
synonym: "golgi-mazzoni corpuscle" EXACT [FMA:83609]
synonym: "corpuscle of golgi-mazzoni" EXACT [FMA:83609]
synonym: "golgi-mazzoni" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
synonym: "golgi-mazzoni corpuscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
synonym: "lamellated corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
synonym: "pacinian body" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
synonym: "pacinian corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
synonym: "pacinian corpuscle end-organs" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
synonym: "pacinian corpuscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
synonym: "vater-pacini corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
synonym: "vater-pacini corpuscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pacinian_corpuscle]
xref: FMA:83604 ! Pacinian corpuscle
xref: GAID:820 ! pacinian corpuscle
xref: NIF_Subcellular:FMA_83604 ! Pacinian corpuscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray935.png/200px-Gray935.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700.500.700 ! pacinian corpuscle
xref: FMA:83609 ! Corpuscle of Golgi-Mazzoni
xref: GAID:817 ! golgi-mazzoni corpuscle
xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700.500.300 ! golgi-mazzoni corpuscle
xref: SCTID:37419002 ! Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscle
xref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray935.png
is_a: UBERON:0012449 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mechanoreceptor
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002067 {notes="may also be located in organs - check"} ! dermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012448
name: corpuscles of herbst
def: "The Corpuscles of Herbst or Herbst corpuscles are a nerve-ending similar to the Pacinian corpuscle, in the mucous membrane of the tongue, in pits on the beak and in other parts of the bodies of birds. It differs from the Pacinian corpuscle in being smaller, in its capsules being more closely approximated, and in that the axis-cylinder in the central clear space is coated with a continuous row of nuclei. In many wading birds, a large number of Herbst corpuscles are found embedded in pits on the mandibles that are believed to enable birds to sense prey under wet sand or soil." [Wikipedia:Corpuscles_of_Herbst]
synonym: "corpuscles of herbst" RELATED [Wikipedia:Corpuscles_of_Herbst]
synonym: "herbst corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Corpuscles_of_Herbst]
is_a: UBERON:0012449 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mechanoreceptor

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012450
name: Meisner's corpuscle
def: "Meissner's corpuscles (or tactile corpuscles) are a type of mechanoreceptor. They are a type of nerve ending in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to light touch. In particular, they have highest sensitivity (lowest threshold) when sensing vibrations lower than 50 Hertz. They are rapidly adaptive receptors." [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
synonym: "meisner%27s corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
synonym: "meissner corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
synonym: "meissner corpuscle end-organ" RELATED [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
synonym: "meissner%27s corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
synonym: "meissner%27s corpuscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
synonym: "messier corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
synonym: "messner%27s corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
synonym: "tactile corpuscles of wagner and meissner" RELATED [Wikipedia:Meissner%27s_corpuscle]
is_a: UBERON:0012449 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mechanoreceptor
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 ! integument
xref: FMA:83605 ! meisner's corpuscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Meissner_Corpuscle ! meissner corpuscle
xref: SCTID:41421000 ! Meissner's corpuscle
xref: UMLS:C0205831

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012456
name: Merkel nerve ending
def: "mechanoreceptors found in the skin and mucosa of vertebrates that provide touch information to the brain. The information they provide are those regarding pressure and texture. Each ending consists of a Merkel cell in close apposition with an enlarged nerve terminal" [Wikipedia:Merkel_nerve_ending]
comment: Location: In mammals, Merkel nerve endings have a wide distribution. Merkel nerve endings are found in the basal layer of glabrous and hairy skin, in hair follicles, and in oral and anal mucosa. In humans, Merkel cells (along with Meissner's corpuscles) occur in the superficial skin layers, and are found clustered beneath the ridges of the fingertips that make up fingerprints. In hairy skin, Merkel nerve endings are clustered into specialized epithelial structures called "touch domes" or "hair disks". (Some other types of mechanoreceptors, such as Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings, are found primarily in subcutaneous tissue.) Merkel receptors are also located in the mammary glands. Wherever they are found, the epithelium is arranged to optimize the transfer of pressure to the ending.[WP]
synonym: "Merkel's disk" EXACT []
synonym: "Merkel's disc" EXACT [FMA:83606]
synonym: "Merkel's tactile disc" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012449 ! mechanoreceptor
intersection_of: part_of CL:0000242 ! Merkel cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 ! integument
xref: FMA:83606 ! Merkel's disc
xref: SCTID:9317004 ! Merkel's tactile disc
xref: NIF_Subcellular:FMA_83606 ! Merkels disc

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012457
name: Ruffini nerve ending
def: "The Ruffini ending or Ruffini corpuscle is a class of slowly adapting mechanoreceptor which in humans is thought to exist only in the glabrous dermis and subcutaneous tissue[WP]." [Wikipedia:Bulbous_corpuscle]
comment: AO notes: MP says subcutaneous tissue of digits; NCITA says hypodermis
synonym: "corpusculum sensorium fusiforme" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "bulbous corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "corpuscle of ruffini" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "ruffini corpuscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "ruffini corpuscle end-organ" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "ruffini corpuscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "ruffini endings" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "ruffini%27s corpuscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "ruffini%27s end organ" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "ruffini%27s ending" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "ruffini%27s organs" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ruffini_ending]
synonym: "Ruffini's corpuscle" EXACT [MP:0000989]
is_a: UBERON:0012449 {source="FMA"} ! mechanoreceptor
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002199 ! integument
xref: FMA:83602 ! end bulb of ruffini
xref: FMA:84004 ! nerve ending within end bulb of ruffini
xref: SCTID:53140000 ! Ruffini's corpuscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Ruffinis_Corpuscle ! ruffini corpuscle
xref: UMLS:C0035943

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003720
name: anterior cranial fossa
def: "The floor of the anterior fossa is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and by the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. The lesser wings of the sphenoid separate the anterior and middle fossae." [Wikipedia:Anterior_cranial_fossa]
xref: FMA:9682 ! Anterior cranial fossa
xref: GAID:83 ! anterior cranial fossa
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Fossa ! Anterior Cranial Fossa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/200px-Gray193.png
xref: MESH:A01.456.830.150 ! anterior cranial fossa
synonym: "anterior fossa" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
synonym: "fossa cranii anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_cranial_fossa]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png
xref: UMLS:C0230044

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003721
name: lingual nerve
xref: FMA:53218 ! Lingual nerve
xref: GAID:835 ! lingual nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760.500.450 ! lingual nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0000375 ! mandibular nerve
xref: SCTID:280260006 ! Entire lingual nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003722
name: middle cranial fossa
def: "The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones[MESH]. The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellC&; laterally by the temporal squamC&, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures[WP]." [MESH:A01.456.830.165, Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa]
synonym: "middle fossa" BROAD [Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa]
xref: FMA:54369 ! Middle cranial fossa
xref: GAID:84 ! middle cranial fossa
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Fossa ! Middle Cranial Fossa
xref: MESH:A01.456.830.165 ! middle cranial fossa
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
synonym: "fossa cranii media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png
xref: UMLS:C0230045

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008788 ! posterior cranial fossa
name: posterior cranial fossa
def: "The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE." [MESH:A01.456.830.200, Wikipedia:Posterior_cranial_fossa]
xref: FMA:54368 ! posterior cranial fossa
xref: MESH:A01.456.830.200
xref: GAID:85 ! posterior cranial fossa
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Fossa ! posterior fossa
synonym: "posterior fossa" BROAD [ncithesaurus:Posterior]
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
synonym: "fossa cranii posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_cranial_fossa]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Posterior_fossa.png
xref: UMLS:C0010265

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008789
name: cranial fossa
def: "any of the three large depressions in the posterior, middle, and anterior aspects of the floor of the cranial cavity" [http://mw1.merriam-webster.com/medical/cranial%20fossa]
comment: editor note - todo - review the relationships for this and its subclasses; the relation should be bounded rather than part of, and contains should be used for the brain parts contained by the fossae
intersection_of: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004766 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! cranial bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
name: bone fossa
def: "a depression or hollow in a bone[WP]." [Wikipedia:Fossa#Anatomy]
comment: AO notes: General Anatomical term in FMA; not restricted to bone in ncit; surface feature in VSAO; note that entities named 'fossa' are cavities in FMA, hence placement here
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "fossa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:45791 ! Fossa
xref: ZFA:0005388 ! fossa
is_a: UBERON:0002553 {source="FMA-implied"} ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
xref: ncithesaurus:Fossa ! Fossa
xref: AAO:0010439 ! fossa
xref: TAO:0001743 ! fossa
xref: VSAO:0005069 ! fossa
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical space that is a concavity, shallow depression, or groove on a bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001743", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "concavities" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0001743]
synonym: "concavity" RELATED [TAO:0001743]
synonym: "depression" RELATED [TAO:0001743]
synonym: "depressions" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0001743]
synonym: "fossae" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0001743]
synonym: "groove" RELATED [TAO:0001743]
xref: UMLS:C0836913

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004705 ! fenestra
name: fenestra
def: "an opening in the skull or other bones[WP]." [Wikipedia:Fenestra]
comment: TODO check fenestra vs fossa. fenestra = hole, fossa = depression with bottom?
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003724
name: musculocutaneous nerve
def: "The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, its fibers being derived from C5, C6, C7. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Musculocutaneous_nerve]
synonym: "casserio's nerve" EXACT [FMA:37064]
xref: FMA:37064 ! Musculocutaneous nerve
xref: GAID:844 ! musculocutaneous nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzp0l5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! musculocutaneous nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif/200px-Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050.540 ! musculocutaneous nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve
xref: SCTID:181019000 ! Entire musculocutaneous nerve
synonym: "nervus musculocutaneus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Musculocutaneous_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003725
name: cervical plexus
def: "The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C5 cervical segment in the neck. They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral from lateral side. Here there is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to sternocleidomastoid. Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innervate the back of the head, as well as some neck muscles. The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cervical_plexus]
synonym: "cervical plexus" EXACT [FMA:5904]
synonym: "cervical nerve plexus" EXACT [FMA:5904]
xref: FMA:5904 ! Cervical nerve plexus
xref: GAID:847 ! cervical plexus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvkEE3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cervical plexus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gray784.png/200px-Gray784.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.150 ! cervical plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001813 ! somatic nerve plexus
synonym: "plexus cervicalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5904]
xref: SCTID:181107005 ! Entire cervical plexus
synonym: "plexus cervicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cervical_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Gray784.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003726
name: thoracic nerve
def: "The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls." [MESH:A08.800.800.720.800]
synonym: "pectoral nerve" RELATED [GAID:857]
synonym: "thoracic spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:5860]
xref: FMA:5860 ! Thoracic nerve
xref: GAID:857 ! thoracic nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwSJp_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! thoracic spinal nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.800 ! thoracic nerve (also: UBERON:0003824 'nerve of thoracic segment')
is_a: UBERON:0001780 ! spinal nerve
xref: SCTID:360498003 ! Entire thoracic spinal nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009624
name: lumbar nerve
def: "The lumbar nerves are the five spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar vertebrae. They are divided into posterior and anterior divisions." [Wikipedia:Lumbar_nerves]
synonym: "lumbar spinal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:5861]
is_a: UBERON:0001780 {source="FMA"} ! spinal nerve
xref: FMA:5861 ! lumbar nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Nerve ! Lumbar Nerve
synonym: "nervi lumbales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lumbar_nerves]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gray802.png
xref: SCTID:361600002 ! Entire lumbar spinal nerve
xref: UMLS:C0228897

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009625
name: sacral nerve
def: "The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. Although the vertebral components of the sacrum are fused into a single bone, the sacral vertebrae are still used to number the sacral nerves. Posteriorly, they emerge from the posterior sacral foramina, and form the posterior branches of sacral nerves. Anteriorly, they emerge from the anterior sacral foramina, and contribute to the sacral plexus (S1-S4) and coccygeal plexus." [Wikipedia:Sacral_nerves]
synonym: "sacral spinal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:5862]
is_a: UBERON:0001780 {source="FMA"} ! spinal nerve
xref: FMA:5862 ! sacral nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacral_Nerve ! Sacral Nerve
synonym: "nervi sacrales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sacral_nerves]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gray802.png
xref: SCTID:361601003 ! Entire sacral spinal nerve
xref: UMLS:C0228922

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009629
name: coccygeal nerve
def: "The coccygeal nerve is the spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone." [Wikipedia:Coccygeal_nerve]
synonym: "coccygeal spinal nerve" EXACT  [FMA:5863]
is_a: UBERON:0001780 {source="FMA"} ! spinal nerve
xref: FMA:5863 ! coccygeal nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Coccygeal_Nerve ! Coccygeal Nerve
synonym: "nervus coccygeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coccygeal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Gray802.png
xref: SCTID:287477006 ! Entire coccygeal nerve
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0000010 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! peripheral nervous system
xref: UMLS:C0228967

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003727
name: intercostal nerve
def: "The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves]
synonym: "anterior ramus of thoracic nerve" EXACT [FMA:6028]
synonym: "anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:6028]
synonym: "ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus" EXACT [FMA:6028]
synonym: "thoracic anterior ramus" EXACT [FMA:6028]
synonym: "ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:6028]
xref: FMA:6028 ! Intercostal nerve
xref: GAID:858 ! intercostal nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Nerve ! Intercostal Nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray819.png/200px-Gray819.png
xref: EMAPA:18227 ! intercostal of nerve of spinal
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.800.350 ! intercostal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001780 ! spinal nerve
xref: SCTID:279568001 ! Entire intercostal nerve
synonym: "nervi intercostales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intercostal_nerves]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray819.png
xref: UMLS:C1285089

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003728 ! mediastinum
name: mediastinum
def: "The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. The mediastinum lies between the right and left pleura in and near the median sagittal plane of the chest. It extends from the sternum in front to the vertebral column behind, and contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs. It may be divided for purposes of description into two parts:an upper portion, above the upper level of the pericardium, which is named the superior mediastinum with its superior limit at the superior thoracic opening and its inferior limit at the plane from the sternal angle to the disc of T4-T5 (Plane of Ludwig at Angle of Louis); and a lower portion, below the upper level of the pericardium. This lower portion is again subdivided into three parts, viz. that in front of the pericardium, the anterior mediastinum; that containing the pericardium and its contents, the middle mediastinum; and that behind the pericardium, the posterior mediastinum. It is surrounded by the chest wall anteriorly, the lungs laterally and the spine posteriorly. It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck, and extends inferiorly onto the diaphragm." [Wikipedia:Mediastinum]
synonym: "mediastinal part of chest" EXACT [FMA:9826]
xref: FMA:9826 ! Mediastinum
xref: GAID:94 ! mediastinum
xref: ncithesaurus:Mediastinum ! Mediastinum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2OKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! mediastinum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Mediastinum.png/200px-Mediastinum.png
xref: MESH:A01.911.800.500 ! mediastinum
xref: EFO:0003057 ! mediastinum
is_a: UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
xref: SCTID:181217005 ! Entire mediastinum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mediastinal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0025066

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008818
name: superior mediastinum
def: "The superior mediastinum is that portion of the interpleural space which lies between the manubrium sterni in front, and the upper thoracic vertebrae behind." [Wikipedia:Superior_mediastinum]
synonym: "superior mediastinal part of chest" EXACT  [FMA:9827]
is_a: UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003728 {source="FMA"} ! mediastinum
xref: FMA:9827 ! superior mediastinum
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Mediastinum
xref: SCTID:362687003 ! Entire superior mediastinum
synonym: "mediastinum superius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_mediastinum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png
xref: UMLS:C0230147

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008819
name: inferior mediastinum
def: "Anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum." [Wikipedia:Inferior_mediastinum]
synonym: "inferior mediastinal part of chest" EXACT  [FMA:9828]
is_a: UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003728 {source="FMA"} ! mediastinum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001443 {source="FMA-propagated"} ! chest
xref: FMA:9828 ! inferior mediastinum
xref: SCTID:243950006 ! Entire inferior mediastinum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008820
name: anterior mediastinum
def: "The anterior mediastinum exists only on the left side where the left pleura diverges from the mid-sternal line. It is narrow, above, but widens out a little below." [Wikipedia:Anterior_mediastinum]
synonym: "anterior mediastinal part of chest" EXACT  [FMA:9838]
is_a: UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008819 {source="FMA"} ! inferior mediastinum
xref: FMA:9838 ! anterior mediastinum
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Mediastinum ! Anterior Mediastinum
xref: SCTID:261048003 ! Entire anterior mediastinum
synonym: "mediastinum anterius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_mediastinum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png
xref: UMLS:C0230148

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008821
name: middle mediastinum
def: "The middle mediastinum is the broadest part of the interpleural space. It is made up of the pericardial sac and its contents." [Wikipedia:Middle_mediastinum]
synonym: "middle mediastinal part of chest" EXACT  [FMA:9839]
is_a: UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008819 {source="FMA"} ! inferior mediastinum
xref: FMA:9839 ! middle mediastinum
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Mediastinum ! Middle Mediastinum
xref: SCTID:362688008 ! Entire middle mediastinum
synonym: "mediastinum medium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_mediastinum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png
xref: UMLS:C0230149

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008822
name: posterior mediastinum
def: "The posterior mediastinum is an irregular triangular space running parallel with the vertebral column." [Wikipedia:Posterior_mediastinum]
synonym: "posterior mediastinal part of chest" EXACT  [FMA:9840]
is_a: UBERON:0002224 ! thoracic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008819 {source="FMA"} ! inferior mediastinum
xref: FMA:9840 ! posterior mediastinum
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Mediastinum ! Posterior Mediastinum
xref: SCTID:243957009 ! Entire posterior mediastinum
synonym: "mediastinum posterius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_mediastinum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mediastinum.png
xref: UMLS:C0230150

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003824
name: nerve of thoracic segment
def: "A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper body nerve" RELATED [MA:0000562]
synonym: "thoracic segment nerve" EXACT [MA:0000562]
xref: MA:0000562 ! thoracic segment nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.800 ! thoracic nerve (also: UBERON:0003726 'thoracic nerve')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915
xref: SCTID:359876006 ! Nervous structure of thorax

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003825
name: nerve of abdominal segment
def: "A nerve that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000528 ! abdominal segment nerve
synonym: "abdominal segment nerve" EXACT [MA:0000528]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003826
name: upper leg bone
def: "A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000682 ! upper leg bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003827
name: thoracic segment bone
def: "A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper body bone" RELATED [MA:0000559]
xref: MA:0000559
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915
xref: SCTID:426649006 ! Entire bone organ of thorax

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003828
name: abdominal segment bone
def: "A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000525
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002417

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003829
name: urethra muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: FMA class may not be equivalent
synonym: "muscle organ of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethral muscle layer" RELATED [MA:0002649]
synonym: "muscle layer of urethra" RELATED [FMA:76909]
xref: MA:0002649
xref: FMA:76909 ! muscle layer of urethra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057
synonym: "muscular coat of urethra" EXACT [FMA:76909]
synonym: "muscular layer of urethra" EXACT [FMA:76909]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003830
name: thoracic segment muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper body muscle" RELATED [MA:0000561]
xref: MA:0000561 ! thoracic segment muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003831
name: respiratory system muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001828
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003832
name: esophagus muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor notes: merge muscle and muscle layer?
synonym: "esophagus muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophageal muscle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002682
xref: SCTID:360961009 ! esophageal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001096 {source="MA"} ! wall of esophagus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011878
name: muscle layer of esophagus
def: "A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle coat of esophagus" EXACT  [FMA:62998]
synonym: "muscular coat of oesophagus" EXACT  [FMA:62998]
synonym: "muscular layer of oesophagus" EXACT  [FMA:62998]
synonym: "tunica muscularis oesophageae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "tunica muscularis esophagi" EXACT LATIN []
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001096 ! wall of esophagus
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001134 {source="Wikipedia:Muscular_layer", notes="upper part"} ! skeletal muscle tissue
xref: FMA:62998 ! muscle layer of esophagus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009960
name: esophagus smooth muscle circular layer
synonym: "esophagus smooth muscle circular layer" RELATED  [MA:0001574]
intersection_of: UBERON:0012368 ! circular muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002112 {source="MA"} ! smooth muscle of esophagus
xref: MA:0001574 ! esophagus smooth muscle circular layer
xref: FMA:67605 ! circular muscle layer of esophagus
synonym: "circular muscle layer of esophagus" EXACT [FMA:67605]
synonym: "inner circular muscle layer of esophagus" EXACT [FMA:67605]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009961
name: esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer
synonym: "esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer" RELATED  [MA:0001575]
synonym: "longitudinal muscle layer of esophagus" EXACT [FMA:63573]
is_a: UBERON:0012369 ! longitudinal muscle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002112 {source="MA"} ! smooth muscle of esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003832 {source="FMA"} ! esophagus muscle
xref: MA:0001575 ! esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer
xref: FMA:63573 ! longitudinal muscle layer of esophagus
synonym: "outer longitudinal muscle layer of esophagus" EXACT [FMA:63573]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003834
name: thoracic segment blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper body blood vessel" RELATED [MA:0000558]
xref: MA:0000558
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003835
name: abdominal segment blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000524
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002417

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003837
name: thoracic segment connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper body connective tissue" RELATED [MA:0000560]
xref: MA:0000560
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003838
name: abdominal segment connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000526
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002417

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003839
name: forelimb joint
def: "A limb joint that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing joint" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000614
xref: EMAPA:19204 ! joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003840
name: hindlimb joint
def: "A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of lower limb" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "hind limb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000662 ! hindlimb joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: SCTID:304573000 ! Entire joint of lower limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003841
name: autopod joint
def: "A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "paw joint" RELATED [MA:0002715]
xref: MA:0002715 ! autopod joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002470

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003844
name: upper eyelid epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of superior eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of upper eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of superior eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of upper eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior eyelid epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior eyelid epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper eyelid epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000638
xref: EHDAA2:0002116 ! upper eyelid epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17835 ! epithelium of upper of eyelid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001712

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003845
name: lower eyelid epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of inferior eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lower eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of inferior eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lower eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior eyelid epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior eyelid epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower eyelid epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000637
xref: EHDAA2:0001016 ! lower eyelid epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17832 ! epithelium of lower of eyelid
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001713

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003846
name: thymus epithelium
def: "the supporting framework of the thymus." [MP:0009544]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of thymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of thymus gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of thymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of thymus gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymic epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0001836]
synonym: "thymic epithelial tissue" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0001426
xref: MA:0000768 ! thymus epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0002019 ! thymus epithelium
xref: BTO:0001836 ! thymic epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymic_Epithelial_Tissue ! Thymic Epithelial Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
relationship: has_part PR:000007636 {source="PMID:21293377"} ! forkhead box protein N1
xref: UMLS:C1711423

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003847
name: thyroid artery
xref: VHOG:0001366
xref: MA:0002066 ! thyroid artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Artery ! Thyroid Artery
xref: EHDAA:7372 ! thyroid artery
xref: EHDAA2:0002029 ! thyroid artery
xref: EMAPA:18622 ! thyroid artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: AAO:0010490 ! thyroid artery
property_value: external_definition "Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the thyroid gland.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010490", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010490", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C1711424

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003848
name: gonadal vein
def: "In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gonadal_vein]
synonym: "gonad vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001340
xref: EHDAA:8703 ! gonadal vein
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlWYh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! gonadal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000719 ! gonadal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray1120.png/200px-Gray1120.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0000991
xref: SCTID:278192008 ! Gonadal vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Gray1120.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003849
name: mesencephalic neural crest
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mesencephalic neural crest" EXACT [ZFA:0000935]
xref: VHOG:0000796
xref: ZFA:0000935 ! neural crest midbrain
synonym: "neural crest midbrain" EXACT [ZFA:0000935]
xref: EHDAA2:0001101 ! mesencephalic neural crest
xref: EHDAA:360 ! mesencephalic neural crest
xref: EFO:0003591 ! neural crest midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0003099 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0002342
intersection_of: developmentally_contributes_to UBERON:0001891
xref: TAO:0000935 ! neural crest midbrain
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000796", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a midbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003850
name: telencephalon neural crest
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: VHOG:0000799
xref: ZFA:0000812 ! neural crest telencephalon
synonym: "neural crest telencephalon" EXACT [ZFA:0000812]
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001991 ! telencephalon neural crest
xref: EFO:0003574 ! neural crest telencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0002342
intersection_of: developmentally_contributes_to UBERON:0001893
xref: TAO:0000812 ! neural crest telencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Cranial neural crest that is part of the telencephalon.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000812", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000799", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a telencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003851
name:  diencephalon neural crest
synonym: "diencephalic neural crest" EXACT [ZFA:0000811]
synonym: "future diencephalon neural crest" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000603]
xref: VHOG:0000798
xref: ZFA:0000811 ! neural crest diencephalon
synonym: "neural crest diencephalon" EXACT [ZFA:0000811]
xref: EFO:0003573 ! neural crest diencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0000603 ! future diencephalon neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16518 ! neural crest of future diencephalon
synonym: "neural crest of future diencephalon" EXACT [EMAPA:16518]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002342
intersection_of: developmentally_contributes_to UBERON:0001894
xref: TAO:0000811 ! neural crest diencephalon
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000798", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a diencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003852
name: rhombencephalon neural crest
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neural crest hindbrain" EXACT [ZFA:0007063]
synonym: "rhombencephalic neural crest" EXACT [ZFA:0007063]
xref: VHOG:0001210
xref: ZFA:0007063 ! neural crest hindbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0001628 ! rhombencephalic neural crest
xref: EHDAA:362 ! rhombencephalic neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: developmentally_contributes_to UBERON:0002028
xref: TAO:0007063 ! neural crest hindbrain
property_value: external_definition "Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0007063", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001210", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a hindbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003853
name: spinal cord neural crest
xref: VHOG:0001006
intersection_of: UBERON:0002342
intersection_of: developmentally_contributes_to UBERON:0002240
xref: EHDAA:696 
xref: EMAPA:16094 ! neural crest of neural fold of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16163 ! neural crest of neural fold of neural plate of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16529 ! neural crest of neural fold of neural plate of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16881 ! neural crest of neural plate of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
synonym: "neural crest spinal cord" EXACT [VHOG:0001006]
synonym: "spinal neural crest" RELATED [VHOG:0001006]
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001006", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003854
name: spinal cord neural plate
synonym: "neural plate of spinal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000439
xref: ZFA:0007021 ! spinal cord neural plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006241 ! future spinal cord
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0006241 {source="ZFA"} ! future spinal cord
xref: TAO:0007021 ! spinal cord neural plate
property_value: external_definition "Neural plate that is part of the spinal cord. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000439", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...)[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000439", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A neural plate that develops_from a future spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009610
name: forebrain neural plate
xref: TAO:0007018 ! forebrain neural plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006240 {source="ZFA"} ! future forebrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003056 {source="ZFA"} ! pre-chordal neural plate
xref: ZFA:0007018 ! forebrain neural plate
def: "A neural plate that develops_from a future forebrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009611
name: midbrain neural plate
xref: TAO:0007019 ! midbrain neural plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0009616 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003056 {source="ZFA"} ! pre-chordal neural plate
xref: ZFA:0007019 ! midbrain neural plate
def: "A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive midbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009612
name: forebrain midbrain boundary neural plate
xref: TAO:0007020 ! forebrain midbrain boundary neural plate
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="ZFA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007288 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive forebrain midbrain boundary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003056 {source="ZFA"} ! pre-chordal neural plate
xref: ZFA:0007020 ! forebrain midbrain boundary neural plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009614
name: hindbrain neural plate
xref: TAO:0007022 ! hindbrain neural plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0007277 {source="ZFA"} ! presumptive hindbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003057 {source="ZFA"} ! chordal neural plate
xref: ZFA:0007022 ! hindbrain neural plate
def: "A neural plate that develops_from a presumptive hindbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004883
name: lung mesenchyme
def: "the mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung." [GO:0060484]
synonym: "lung-associated mesenchyme" EXACT [GO:0060484]
synonym: "pulmonary mesenchyme" EXACT [GO:0060484]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003081 ! lateral plate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009602
name: left lung associated mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
xref: EHDAA2:0000944 ! left lung associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16730 ! associated mesenchyme of left lung rudiment
xref: EMAPA:17654 ! associated mesenchyme of left lung
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a left lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009603
name: right lung associated mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: EHDAA2:0001739 ! right lung associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17662 ! associated mesenchyme of right lung
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004884 ! lobar bronchus mesenchyme
name: lobar bronchus mesenchyme
def: "the mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.." [GO:0060483]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003855
name: gonad mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a gonad [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gonada mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of gonad" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of gonada" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001090
xref: EMAPA:16858 ! gonadal mesenchyme of gonad of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:17385 ! gonadal mesenchyme of gonad of reproductive system
xref: EHDAA:5012 ! mesenchyme of gonadal
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000991

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010330
name: eyelid mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a eyelid." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003857
name: upper eyelid mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of superior eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of upper eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior eyelid mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001093
xref: EHDAA2:0002117 ! upper eyelid mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:9051 ! mesenchyme of upper of eyelid
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001712
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003314 {source="EHDAA2"} ! eye mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003858
name: lower eyelid mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior eyelid mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of inferior eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lower eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001036
xref: EHDAA2:0001017 ! lower eyelid mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:9045 ! mesenchyme of lower of eyelid
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001713
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003859
name: forelimb mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [Geisha:syn, NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "anteriormost limb mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001109
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003860
name: hindlimb mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001074
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003869
name: presumptive ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a ganglion." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003874
name: obsolete presumptive ventricle
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002136
name: hilus of dentate gyrus
comment: Merge with CA4?
synonym: "dentate gyrus hilus" EXACT []
synonym: "field CA4 of hippocampal formation" EXACT []
synonym: "CA4" RELATED []
xref: FMA:72358 ! Hilus of dentate gyrus
xref: MA:0000947 ! dentate gyrus hilus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1482 ! Hilus of dentate gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0002744 ! hilum of dentate nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001885 ! dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002744
name: hilum of dentate nucleus
synonym: "dentate nuclear hilum" EXACT [FMA:72548]
xref: FMA:72548 ! Hilum of dentate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1561 ! Hilum of dentate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
xref: SCTID:369055003 ! Entire hilum of dentate nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001152
name: cystic duct
def: "The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gall bladder to the common bile duct. It usually lies next to the cystic artery. It is of variable length. It contains a 'spiral valve', which does not provide much resistance to the flow of bile. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cystic_duct]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: EHDAA:3045 ! cystic duct
xref: FMA:14539 ! Cystic duct
xref: GAID:290 ! cystic duct
xref: galen:CysticDuct
xref: VHOG:0000213 ! cystic duct
xref: MA:0000355 ! cystic duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveBeC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ZFA:0005166 ! cystic duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Cystic_Duct ! Cystic Duct
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveBeC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! cystic duct
xref: EHDAA2:0000333 ! cystic duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png/200px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png
xref: EMAPA:16841 ! cystic duct
xref: MESH:A03.159.183.419 ! cystic duct
is_a: UBERON:0003703 {source="FMA"} ! extrahepatic bile duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001173 {source="FMA"} ! biliary tree
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005604 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hepatic duct extrahepatic part
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001174 ! common bile duct
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002110 ! gallbladder
relationship: channel_for UBERON:0001970 ! bile
relationship: channels_into UBERON:0001174 ! common bile duct
xref: SCTID:245398005 ! Entire cystic duct
xref: TAO:0005166 ! cystic duct
synonym: "ductus cysticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cystic_duct]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Illu_liver_gallbladder.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005166", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:Curator"}
property_value: external_definition "The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000213", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0010672

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008836 ! liver bud
name: liver bud
xref: BTO:0001642 ! liver bud
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008835 {source="http://www.stembook.org/node/512"} ! hepatic diverticulum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004912
name: biliary bud
synonym: "hepatic diverticulum" RELATED [EMAPA:16561]
xref: EMAPA:16561 ! biliary bud
xref: EMAPA:16565  ! hepatic diverticulum
xref: VHOG:0001351 ! biliary bud
xref: EHDAA2:0000171 ! biliary bud
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Gray1088.png/200px-Gray1088.png
is_a: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006235 {source="EMAPA"} ! foregut-midgut junction
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004161 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! septum transversum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008835 ! hepatic diverticulum
name: hepatic diverticulum
def: "The first morphological sign of the embryonic liver is the formation of the hepatic diverticulum, an out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct." [http://www.stembook.org/node/512, Wikipedia:Hepatic_diverticulum]
synonym: "liver diverticulum" EXACT [XAO:0000101]
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006235 {source="EHDAA2"} ! foregut-midgut junction
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003894 {source="EHDAA2"} ! liver primordium
xref: XAO:0000101 ! liver diverticulum
xref: AAO:0011057 ! liver diverticulum
xref: EHDAA:1530 ! hepatic diverticulum 
xref: EHDAA2:0000740 ! hepatic diverticulum
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Diverticulum ! Hepatic Diverticulum
synonym: "diverticulum hepaticum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hepatic_diverticulum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Gray1088.png
xref: UMLS:C1512407

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003894 ! liver primordium
name: liver primordium
def: "A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum." [ISBN:3211492755]
comment: Editor's note: consider adding further subdivisions of the endoderm, e.g. ventral foregut. Note we place two EFO classes here, it's not clear how they differ
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "liver bud" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ZFA:0000124, XAO:0003266]
synonym: "hepatic plate" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000744]
synonym: "embryological hepatic plate" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "primordium of the liver" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver]
synonym: "liver endoderm" RELATED [EFO:0002577]
xref: XAO:0003266 ! liver primordium
xref: ZFA:0000124 ! liver primordium
xref: EMAPA:16847 ! hepatic primordium
xref: EFO:0003428 ! liver primordium
xref: EFO:0002577 ! liver endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000744 ! hepatic plate
xref: EHDAA:973 ! hepatic plate
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="XAO"} ! primordium
is_a: UBERON:0000485 {source="EHDAA2"} ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002107 ! liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009550 {source="EHDAA2"} ! endoderm of foregut-midgut junction
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001041 {notes="ventral foregut endoderm", source="Zaret 1996"} ! foregut
xref: ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Liver ! Primordium of the Liver
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Cord ! Hepatic Cord
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005452 ! hepatic plate
xref: AAO:0011058 ! liver primordium
xref: TAO:0000124 ! liver primordium
xref: BTO:0003391 ! hepatic primordium
xref: UMLS:C0734013
xref: UMLS:C1514451

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003896
name: obsolete muscle of body wall
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: obsoleted as it grouped together a worm-specific structure (BTO) with the vertebrate structure (which develops from the myotome)
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "wall muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001863]
consider: BTO:0001863 ! body wall muscle
consider: ANISEED:1235296 ! Body wall muscle
consider: UBERON:0004462 ! musculature of body wall
consider: WBbt:0005813

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004462 ! musculature of body wall
name: musculature of body wall
def: "A musculature that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "body wall musculature" EXACT [FMA:86931]
synonym: "body wall muscles" RELATED []
xref: FMA:86931 ! Musculature of body wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000309 ! body wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008713
name: pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001422 ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
xref: EHDAA2:0001421 ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall muscle system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003897
name: axial muscle
def: "A skeletal muscle of the trunk or head." []
xref: EHDAA:5982 ! axial muscle
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000160 ! axial skeletal muscle
xref: EMAPA:18166 ! axial muscle
xref: EMAPA:18167 ! skeletal muscle of axial muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
union_of: UBERON:0003898
union_of: UBERON:0003899
xref: EHDAA2:0000159 ! axial muscle system
xref: TAO:0001954 ! axial muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003898
name: skeletal muscle of trunk
def: "A skeletal muscle of the trunk." []
synonym: "skeletal muscle of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: SCTID:244848007 ! Entire skeletal muscle of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004479 {source="reference_0000032"} ! musculature of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003899
name: skeletal muscle of head
def: "A skeletal muscle of the head." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: defined generically so could in theory encompass FBbt:00003260 'skeletal muscle of head'
synonym: "adult head skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: SCTID:244718003 ! Entire skeletal muscle of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004461 {source="reference_0000032"} ! musculature of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008777
name: hypaxial musclulature
def: "trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae." [Wikipedia:Epaxial_and_Hypaxial_muscles]
synonym: "hypaxial muscle" RELATED [XAO:0003228]
xref: XAO:0003228 ! hypaxial muscle
xref: AAO:0000228 ! hypaxial muscles
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 {source="XAO"} ! muscle of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region
property_value: external_definition "Trunk muscle that lies ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000228", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="UBERON:0008777"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008778
name: epaxial musclulature
def: "." [Wikipedia:Epaxial_and_Hypaxial_muscles]
synonym: "epaxial muscle" EXACT [XAO:0003229]
xref: AAO:0000142 ! epaxial_muscles
xref: XAO:0003229 ! epaxial muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 {source="XAO"} ! muscle of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region
property_value: external_definition "Trunk muscles that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000142", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003895
name: hypaxial myotome region
def: "Portion of myotome that is ventral to the horizontal septum" [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "hypaxial myotome region" EXACT [ZFA:0001085]
synonym: "body wall muscle" RELATED [XAO:0003228]
xref: ZFA:0001085 ! hypaxial myotome region
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003082 ! myotome
xref: TAO:0001085 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003900
name: epaxial myotome region
def: "Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum" [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "epaxial myotome regions" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001084]
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003082 ! myotome
xref: ZFA:0001084 ! epaxial myotome region
xref: TAO:0001084 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003901
name: horizontal septum
def: "A logitudinal sheet of continuous connective tissue partition developing at the apex of the chevron-shaped myotome and separating dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) body wall muscle masses; each is destined to become, respectively, the epaxial and hyopaxial musculature." [ZFA:0000671, ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "horizontal myoseptum" EXACT [ZFA:0000671]
xref: ZFA:0000671 ! horizontal myoseptum
xref: EFO:0003555 ! horizontal myoseptum
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial muscle
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial muscle
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! Gnathostomata
xref: TAO:0000671 ! horizontal myoseptum
property_value: external_definition "A connective tissue partition developing at the apex of the chevron-shaped myotome and separating dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000671", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass myoseptum (TAO:0001089)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000671", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003906
name: cardiac jelly
def: "Portion of extracellular matrix between the myocardium and the endocardium. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates." [ZFA:0001318]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0001318 ! cardiac jelly 
xref: EHDAA:1271 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:1279 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:1922 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:1930 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:426 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:442 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:450 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:458 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:466 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:474 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:772 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:780 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:788 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:800 ! cardiac jelly
xref: EHDAA:808 ! cardiac jelly
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Jelly ! Cardiac Jelly
xref: VHOG:0000936 ! heart cardiac jelly
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000212 ! cardiac jelly
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
xref: XAO:0004120 ! cardiac jelly
xref: TAO:0001318 ! cardiac jelly
property_value: external_definition "The extracellular matrix between the myocardium and the endocardium. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001318", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "heart cardiac jelly" EXACT [VHOG:0000936]
xref: UMLS:C1516293

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003927
name: obsolete macula lagena
def: "This term was obsoleted as it was previously defined midleadingly as 'A macula that is part of a cochlea'." [UBERON:cjm]
is_obsolete: true
consider: ZFA:0000116

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003928
name: digestive system duct
def: "A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "duct of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "duct of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: ZFA:0005162
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001007
xref: TAO:0005162 ! digestive system duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003929
name: gut epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive tract epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive tract epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of digestive tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of gut" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lower gastrointestinal tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of digestive tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of gut" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lower gastrointestinal tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gut epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower gastrointestinal tract epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower gastrointestinal tract epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: ZFA:0005123
xref: XAO:0003200 ! gut epithelium
xref: BTO:0000956 ! gut epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Gut_Epithelium ! Gut Epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004567 ! gut epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
xref: TAO:0005123 ! gut epithelium
property_value: external_definition "Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005123", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0836205

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003931
name: diencephalic white matter
def: "White matter that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "diencephalic tract/commissure" EXACT [ZFA:0000338]
synonym: "white matter of diencephalon" EXACT [FMA:83931]
xref: ZFA:0000338 ! diencephalic white matter
xref: FMA:83931 ! white matter of diencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0002316
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894
xref: TAO:0000338 ! diencephalic tracts and commissures
synonym: "diencephalic tracts and commissures" EXACT [TAO:0000338]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003933
name: cranial cartilage
def: "A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton." [UBERON:cjm, ZFA:0001458]
synonym: "cartilage of cranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranium cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010323 ! cranial skeletal system
xref: TAO:0001458 ! cranial cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001458 ! cranial cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Cartilage which is part of the cranium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001458", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003934
name: mesenchyme pectoral fin
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral fin [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of pectoral fin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pectoral fin mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: ZFA:0001000
xref: EFO:0003604 ! mesenchyme pectoral fin
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000151
xref: TAO:0001000 ! mesenchyme pectoral fin
property_value: external_definition "Mesenchyme that is part of the pectoral fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001000", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003935
name: mesenchyme pelvic fin
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic fin [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of pelvic fin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic fin mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: ZFA:0001449
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000152
xref: TAO:0001449 ! mesenchyme pelvic fin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003936
name: postoptic commissure
synonym: "POC" EXACT [ZFA:0000059]
synonym: "post optic commissure" EXACT [ZFA:0000059]
synonym: "post-optic commissure" EXACT [ZFA:0000059]
xref: ZFA:0000059 ! postoptic commissure 
xref: EFO:0003478 ! postoptic commissure
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003931 ! diencephalic white matter
xref: TAO:0000059 ! postoptic commissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003938
name: sensory dissociation area
def: "the area of the parietal lobe that integrates tactile and visual stimuli" [MP:0000796]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003942
name: somatic sensory system
def: "the neural tissue involved in the transmission of sensory signals" [MP:0000959]
comment: TODO - check
intersection_of: UBERON:0001032 ! sense organ system
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000012 ! somatic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003945
name: somatic motor system
def: "the neural tissue involved in the transmission of motor signals" [MP:0001051]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000012 ! somatic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003946
name: placenta labyrinth
def: "the placental layers where embryonic blood vessels are surrounded by trophoblast cells and maternal blood" [MP:0001716]
comment: Taxon notes: Mouse-human differences: The mouse and human placentas have labyrinthine and villous types of interdigitation between maternal and fetal tissues, respectively ... The mouse placental labyrinth is composed of an intricate network of maternal blood spaces and embryonal blood vessels. Maternal and embryonal blood is separated by a placental barrier that consists of four cellular layers: layer I trophoblasts line the maternal lacunae, trophoblasts in layers II and III form syncytial-like layers, and endothelial cells line the embryonic vessels[doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8138 ]. See also: http://placentation.ucsd.edu/placenta.html
synonym: "labyrinthine layer" EXACT [GO:0060713]
synonym: "labyrinthine layer of placenta" EXACT [GO:0060713]
synonym: "placental labyrinth" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001987 ! placenta
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="http://placentation.ucsd.edu"} ! Homo sapiens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003948
name: blood-air barrier
def: "the membrane between the capillary blood and alveolar air, comprised of the alveolar epithelium and the capillary epithelium and their adherent basement membranes and epithelial cell cytoplasm" [MP:0002324]
comment: TODO - alveolar lumen
xref: MESH:A04.411.715.025 ! blood-air barrier
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000178 ! blood
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003950
name: inner ear canal
def: "the tubular ducts of the inner ear" [MP:0002729]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003951
name: ocular fundus
def: "the posterior concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the posterior segment of the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, visible by an ophthalmoscope" [MP:0002864, Wikipedia:Fundus_(eye)]
comment: TODO - check relationships
synonym: "fundus" EXACT [HP:0001098]
synonym: "fundus of eye" EXACT []
synonym: "eye fundus" EXACT []
synonym: "fundus oculi" EXACT []
xref: GAID:908 ! fundus oculi 
xref: galen:FundusOculi ! fundus oculi
xref: ncithesaurus:Fundus ! Fundus
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000583 ! fundus
xref: MESH:A09.371.729.313 ! fundus oculi
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001802 ! posterior segment of eyeball
xref: SCTID:362519003 ! Entire fundus of eye
xref: UMLS:C0740422

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003952
name: anterior stroma
def: "the anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea" [MP:0003093]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001777 ! substantia propria of cornea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003953
name: posterior stroma
def: "the posterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea" [MP:0003094]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001777 ! substantia propria of cornea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010157
name: sphenoparietal suture
def: "The Sphenoparietal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone." [Wikipedia:Sphenoparietal_suture]
synonym: "spheno-parietal suture" EXACT  []
synonym: "sphenoparietal suture of skull" EXACT  [FMA:52945]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000210 ! tetrapod parietal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
xref: FMA:52945 ! sphenoparietal suture
xref: SCTID:136551005 ! Entire sphenoparietal suture of skull
synonym: "Sutura sphenoparietalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenoparietal_suture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray164.png


[Term]
id: UBERON:0003954
name: squamoparietal suture
def: "the articulation of the squamous portion of the temporal bones with the parietal bones[MP]. The squamosal suture arches backward from the pterion and connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal: this suture is continuous behind with the short, nearly horizontal parietomastoid suture, which unites the mastoid process of the temporal with the region of the mastoid angle of the parietal[WP]." [Wikipedia:Squamosal_suture, MP:0003844]
synonym: "sutura squamosa cranii" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Squamosal_suture]
synonym: "squamosal suture" RELATED [Wikipedia:Squamosal_suture]
synonym: "squamous suture" RELATED [Wikipedia:Squamosal_suture]
synonym: "squamo-parietal suture" EXACT  [MP:0003844]
synonym: "squamoparietal suture of skull" EXACT  []
synonym: "squamous suture of skull" RELATED  [FMA:52946]
xref: EMAPA:19228 ! squamo-parietal suture
xref: FMA:52946 ! squamous suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001695 ! squamous part of temporal bone
intersection_of: connects  UBERON:0000210 ! tetrapod parietal bone
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0010155 ! parietomastoid suture
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Gray188-Squamosal_suture.png
xref: SCTID:136248004 ! Entire squamous suture of skull
xref: SCTID:334174000 ! Entire squamous suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010155
name: parietomastoid suture
def: "unites the mastoid process of the temporal with the region of the mastoid angle of the parietal[WP:Squamosal_suture]." []
synonym: "parietomastoid suture of skull" EXACT  [FMA:52947]
synonym: "parieto-mastoid suture of skull" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="FMA"} ! cranial suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0000210 ! tetrapod parietal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone 
xref: FMA:52947 ! parietomastoid suture
xref: SCTID:136753005 ! Entire parietomastoid suture of skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010156
name: sphenofrontal suture
def: "The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone." [Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture]
synonym: "sphenofrontal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture]
synonym: "spheno-frontal suture" RELATED []
synonym: "sutura sphenofrontalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture]
synonym: "frontosphenoid suture" EXACT  [FMA:52938]
synonym: "sphenofrontal suture of skull" EXACT  [FMA:52938]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
xref: FMA:52938 ! sphenofrontal suture
xref: SCTID:136349005 ! Entire sphenofrontal suture of skull
synonym: "Sutura sphenofrontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray164.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010158
name: sphenozygomatic suture
def: "The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone." [Wikipedia:Sphenozygomatic_suture]
synonym: "sphenozygomatica suture of skull" EXACT  [FMA:52956]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001683 ! zygomatic bone
xref: FMA:52956 ! sphenozygomatic suture
xref: SCTID:368980007 ! Entire sphenozygomatic suture of skull
synonym: "sutura sphenozygomatica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenozygomatic_suture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010159
name: occipitomastoid suture
def: "The occipitomastoid suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It is continuous with the lambdoidal suture." [Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture]
synonym: "occipito-mastoid suture" RELATED [Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture]
synonym: "sutura occipitomastoidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture]
synonym: "occipitomastoid suture of skull" EXACT  [FMA:52934]
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="FMA"} ! cranial suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone 
xref: FMA:52934 ! occipitomastoid suture
xref: SCTID:134136005 ! Entire occipitomastoid suture of skull
synonym: "sutura occipitomastoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Occipitomastoideus.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011871
name: nasomaxillary suture
synonym: "nasomaxillary suture of skull" EXACT  [FMA:52960]
synonym: "articulation of the nasal bone with maxilla" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001681 ! nasal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla
xref: FMA:52960 ! nasomaxillary suture
def: "A cranial suture that connects a nasal bone and connects a maxilla." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003955
name: molar crown
def: "the part of a molar that is covered by enamel" [MP:0003932]
synonym: "molar tooth tooth crown" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tooth crown of molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "crown of molar tooth" EXACT [FMA:85301]
synonym: "molar tooth crown" EXACT [FMA:85301]
xref: FMA:85301 ! Crown of molar tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0003675 ! tooth crown
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth!
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003956
name: aqueous drainage system
def: "the structures associated with drainage of the aqueous humor from the eye, that include the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, the uveoscleral network, and the aqueous veins" [MP:0005198]
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001768 ! uvea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005630 ! fetal membrane
name: fetal membrane
def: "the amnion and chorion which surround and protect a developing fetus." [Wikipedia:Fetal_membrane]
synonym: "adnexa fetalia" RELATED LATIN []
comment: todo - merge with extraembryonic membrane?
xref: BTO:0000473 ! fetal membrane
xref: MESH:A16.254.403 ! fetal membrane
is_a: UBERON:0005631 ! extraembryonic membrane
xref: SCTID:325510007 ! Fetal membranes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005631 ! extraembryonic membrane
name: extraembryonic membrane
def: "Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo." [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
comment: AO notes: EHDAA2 is a mereological sum. Taxon notes: stuctures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes appear in mammals [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 ! Amniota
xref: SCTID:362840007 ! extraembryonic membranes
xref: EHDAA2:0004714 ! embryonic membranes
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000010" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005335
name: chorioallantoic membrane
def: "The chorioallantoic membrane is a vascular membrane found in eggs of some amniotes, such as birds and reptiles. It is formed by the fusion of the mesodermal layers of two developmental structures: the allantois and the chorion. Three different layers compose the chorioallantoic membrane; these are called the chorionic epithelium, the mesenchyme and the allantoic epithelium. Blood capillaries and sinuses are found between epithelial cells of the chorionic layer, allowing close contact (within 0.2 N<m) with air found in pores of the shell membrane of the egg. As a result, the chorioallantoic membrane allows exchange of gases, such as oxygen, to developing embryos. During embryonic development of birds, the chorioallantoic membrane also plays an essential role in bone formation by transporting calcium into the embryo from the eggshell. Chorioalloantoic membranes from developing chicken eggs are routinely used in biological and biomedical research to investigate development, angiogenesis, tumors, and to propagate and investigate viruses or helminths." [Wikipedia:Chorioallantoic_membrane]
synonym: "chorioallantois" EXACT [BTO:0000251]
synonym: "respiratory membrane" BROAD [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Smallpox_CAM.png/200px-Smallpox_CAM.png
xref: BTO:0000251 ! chorioallantois
is_a: UBERON:0005631 ! extraembryonic membrane
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003124 ! chorion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004340 ! allantois
!!!relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004873 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9263", notes="metatheria", source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! splanchnopleure
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 ! Amniota
!relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32525 ! Theria
xref: ncithesaurus:Chorioallantoic_Membrane ! Chorioallantoic Membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Smallpox_CAM.png
xref: UMLS:C0178551

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003958
name: long bone epiphyseal ossification zone
def: "The layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited" [MP:0006399]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002516 ! epiphyseal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005051 ! mediastinum testis
name: mediastinum testis
def: "The mediastinum testis is a network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the upper to near the lower extremity of the testis, and is wider above than below. From its front and sides numerous imperfect septa (trabeculæ) are given off, which radiate toward the surface of the organ, and are attached to the tunica albuginea. They divide the interior of the organ into a number of incomplete spaces, called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at the surface of the gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to the mediastinum. The mediastinum supports the rete testis and blood vessels of the testis in their passage to and from the substance of the gland[WP]" [Wikipedia:Mediastinum_testis]
synonym: "mediastinum of testis" EXACT [FMA:19812]
synonym: "body of highmore" EXACT [FMA:19812]
synonym: "testis mediastinum" EXACT [FMA:19812]
synonym: "hilum of testicle" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18331 ! mediastinum testis
xref: FMA:19812 ! Mediastinum of testis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg/200px-Hodenschema.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000473 ! testis
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003728 ! mediastinum
xref: SCTID:362279007 ! Entire mediastinum of testis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Hodenschema.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011575
name: styloid process of ulna
def: "The styloid process of the ulna projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ulnar_styloid_process]
synonym: "processus styloideus ulnae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ulnar styloid process" EXACT  [FMA:23628]
synonym: "processus styloideus ulnae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Ulnar_styloid_process]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004408 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of ulna
xref: FMA:23628 ! styloid process of ulna
xref: SCTID:181952009 ! Entire styloid process of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003960
name: styloid process of temporal bone
def: "slender needle-like pointed projection that runs downward and slightly forward from the base of the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone where it joins the tympanic portion; it gives attachment to the styloglossus, stylohyoid, and stylopharyngeus muscles and the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments" [MP:0008023, Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process]
comment: Disease notes: Eagle's syndrome
synonym: "styloid process of petrous part of temporal bone" EXACT [FMA:52877]
synonym: "styloid process" EXACT [FMA:52877]
synonym: "temporal styloid process" EXACT [Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process]
synonym: "processus styloideus ossis temporalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process]
xref: FMA:52877 ! Styloid process of petrous part of temporal bone
xref: SCTID:138874009 ! Entire styloid process of temporal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="Kardong"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004368 {source="MP-implied-by-def"} ! Reichert's cartilage
synonym: "processus styloideus ossis temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray137.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001755
name: distal part of styloid process of temporal bone
def: "A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal[biology-online]. The interhyal is a small rod-like element that connects the ventral and dorsal parts of the hyoid arch. It articulates laterally with the posterior end of the epihyal and medially at the cartilaginous junction between the hyomandibula and the symplectic. It remains cartilaginous in adult zebrafish and other cypriniforms[ZFA]." [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Stylohyal]
comment: TODO - check
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "distal part of styloid process" EXACT  [FMA:56472]
synonym: "stylohyal" BROAD [FMA:56472]
xref: FMA:56472 ! stylohyal
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003960 ! styloid process of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003961
name: cingulum of brain
def: "the white matter fiber bundle that projects from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex in the brain" [MP:0008232]
synonym: "cingulum" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003544 ! brain white matter
xref: SCTID:369084007 ! Entire cingulum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010128
name: future pterygopalatine ganglion
synonym: "future Meckel's ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, FMA:6965]
synonym: "future Meckel ganglion" EXACT  [OBOL:automatic, MP:0008314]
synonym: "future nasal ganglion" EXACT  [OBOL:automatic, MP:0008314]
synonym: "future palatine ganglion" EXACT  [OBOL:automatic, MP:0008314]
synonym: "future pterygopalatine ganglia" EXACT  [OBOL:automatic, MP:0008314]
synonym: "future sphenopalatine ganglion" EXACT  [OBOL:automatic, MP:0008314]
synonym: "future sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, EHDAA2:0001889]
synonym: "future sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000673]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003962 ! pterygopalatine ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001808 {source="EHDAA2"} ! parasympathetic ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0000673 ! future sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion
def: "A ganglion that develops_into a pterygopalatine ganglion." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003962 ! pterygopalatine ganglion
name: pterygopalatine ganglion
def: "the small parasympathetic ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands" [MP:0008314, Wikipedia:Pterygopalatine_ganglion]
synonym: "Meckel's ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6965]
synonym: "Meckel ganglion" EXACT  [MP:0008314]
synonym: "nasal ganglion" EXACT  [MP:0008314]
synonym: "palatine ganglion" EXACT  [MP:0008314]
synonym: "pterygopalatine ganglia" EXACT  [MP:0008314]
synonym: "sphenopalatine ganglion" EXACT  [MP:0008314]
synonym: "sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001889]
xref: FMA:6965 ! pterygopalatine ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0001889 ! sphenopalatine parasympathetic ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray779.png/200px-Gray779.png
is_a: UBERON:0001808 ! parasympathetic ganglion
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0010128 {evidence="definitional"} ! future pterygopalatine ganglion
synonym: "g. pterygopalatinum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pterygopalatine_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray779.png
xref: SCTID:280364004 ! Entire sphenopalatine ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003963
name: otic ganglion
def: "the ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the parotid gland" [MP:0008315, Wikipedia:Otic_ganglion]
synonym: "arnold's ganglion" EXACT [FMA:6967]
xref: FMA:6967 ! otic ganglion
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray783.png/200px-Gray783.png
xref: EHDAA2:0001335 ! otic parasympathetic ganglion
xref: EHDAA:6706 ! otic
is_a: UBERON:0001808 ! parasympathetic ganglion
xref: SCTID:279283005 ! Entire otic ganglion
synonym: "ganglion oticum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Otic_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray783.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003964
name: prevertebral ganglion
def: "the sympathetic ganglia located in front of the vertebral column and are associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta; these include the celiac, aorticorenal, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia" [MP:0008316]
synonym: "collateral ganglion" EXACT [FMA:5892]
synonym: "previsceral ganglion" EXACT [FMA:5892]
xref: FMA:5892 ! collateral ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0001806 ! sympathetic ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003965
name: sympathetic afferent fiber
def: "the fibers that conduct sensory nerve impulses from the viscera through the posterior dorsal roots into the spinal cord" [MP:0008319]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000013 ! sympathetic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003966
name: gonial bone
def: "investing bone that lies on the surface of the malleus." [MP:0008380]
comment: Editors note: To be revisted after a review of auditory ossicles
synonym: "gonium" EXACT [MP:0008380]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003967
name: cutaneous elastic fiber
def: "the slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity" [MP:0008418]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003968 
name: peripheral lymph node
def: "the lymph nodes located outside the thoracic and abdominal cavities, such as the submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes" [MP:0008463]
is_a: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node


[Term]
id: UBERON:0003970
name: placental labyrinth vasculature
def: "blood vessels of the layer of the placenta where embryonic and maternal blood vessels interdigitate" [MP:0008803]
synonym: "placenta vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "placenta vasculature" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of placenta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasculature of placenta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001987 ! placenta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001987 ! placenta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003971
name: interfrontal bone
def: "a bone between the frontal bones in the skull; an extra bony plate within the anterior fontanelle that is not usually present" [MP:0008818]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003972
name: placenta junctional zone
def: "Fetally derived placental region that separates the maternal uterine tissue from the placenta labyrinth" [MP:0008957]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001987 ! placenta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003978 ! valve
name: valve
xref: EHDAA:1892 ! valve
xref: EHDAA:4406 ! valve
xref: galen:Valve ! valve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqiwE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! valve
xref: EHDAA2:0004046 ! valve
xref: FMA:67611 ! Anatomical valve
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "anatomical valve" EXACT [FMA:67611]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
property_value: has_relational_adjective "valvular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003979
name: utricle valve
def: "the utriculo-endolymphatic (UE) valve which is located in the antero-inferior wall of the utricle at the orifice of the utricular duct and serves to regulate endolymph volume in the endolymphatic sac, the utricle and the canals" [MP:0009261]
is_a: UBERON:0003978 ! valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001853 ! utricle of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003980
name: cerebellum fissure
def: "the deep furrows which divide the lobules of the cerebellum, including the postcentral, primary and secondary furrows" [MP:0009267]
comment: we use the FMA set-of term in absence of a singular term
xref: FMA:77789 ! Set of cerebellar fissures
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex
synonym: "fissurae cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77789]
xref: SCTID:314163001 ! Entire cerebellar fissure
synonym: "set of cerebellar fissures" RELATED [FMA:77789]
synonym: "cerebellar fissures" RELATED [FMA:77789]
synonym: "cerebellar fissures set" RELATED [FMA:77789]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003981
name: primordial ovarian follicle
def: "primordial follicles are indiscernible to the naked eye and develop to primary, secondary, and finally mature vesicular follicles" [MP:0009361]
synonym: "ovary primordial follicle" EXACT [MA:0001710]
synonym: "primordial follicle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001710 ! ovary primordial follicle
xref: EMAPA:30755 ! primordial follicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Primordial_Follicle ! Primordial Follicle
is_a: UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
xref: UMLS:C1514441

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003982
name: mature ovarian follicle
def: "." [MP:0009364]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ovary mature follicle" EXACT [MA:0001709]
synonym: "ovarian follicle stage IV" EXACT [ZFA:0001264]
synonym: "antral follicle" RELATED [BTO:0000389]
synonym: "folliculi ovarici vesiculosi" RELATED [BTO:0000389]
synonym: "preovulatory follicle" RELATED [BTO:0000389]
xref: ZFA:0001264 ! ovarian follicle stage IV
xref: BTO:0000389 ! mature ovarian follicle
xref: MA:0001709 ! ovary mature follicle
xref: EFO:0003653 ! ovarian follicle stage IV
is_a: UBERON:0001305 ! follicle of ovary
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003981 ! primordial ovarian follice
xref: TAO:0001264 ! ovarian follicle stage IV
property_value: external_definition "Stage IV (690-730 microns) are oocyte maturation. Selman et al, 1993.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001264", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013515
name: subdivision of uterine tube
synonym: "subdivision of fallopian tube" RELATED  [FMA:18302]
synonym: "subdivision of oviduct" EXACT  [FMA:18302]
synonym: "uterine tube zone" EXACT  [FMA:18302]
synonym: "zone of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18302]
xref: FMA:18302 ! zone of uterine tube
is_a: UBERON:0013522 ! subdivision of tube
relationship: subdivision_of UBERON:0000993 ! oviduct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000993 ! oviduct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003984
name: uterine tube infundibulum
def: "the funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube[MP]" [MP:0009466, Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube]
synonym: "infundibulum of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18307]
synonym: "infundibulum of fallopian tube" NARROW [FMA:18307]
synonym: "infundibulum of oviduct" EXACT [FMA:18307]
synonym: "infundibulum" BROAD INCONSISTENT []
xref: FMA:18307 ! infundibulum of uterine tube
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg
xref: EMAPA:29897 ! infundibulum of oviduct
is_a: UBERON:0013515 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of uterine tube
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003889 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", source="FMA"} ! fallopian tube
xref: SCTID:362262001 ! Entire infundibulum of fallopian tube
synonym: "infundibulum tubae uterinae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The third part of the uterine tube is the infundibulum. It terminates with the ostium of Fallopian tube, surrounded by fimbriae, one of which is attached to the ovary[Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube"}
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013516
name: uterine tube magnum
def: "The second segment of the oviduct. This is where most of the egg white is added to the egg as it moves down the duct." [http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
synonym: "magnum of oviduct" EXACT  []
synonym: "magnum of uterine tube" EXACT  []
synonym: "magnum" BROAD  []
is_a: UBERON:0013515 {source="cjm"} ! zone of uterine tube
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013519
name: uterine tube isthmus
def: "The third segment of the oviduct. At this point in the egg’s journey down the oviduct, the membranes form and calcification starts." [http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
synonym: "isthmus of oviduct" EXACT  []
synonym: "isthmus of uterine tube" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0013515 {source="cjm"} ! zone of uterine tube
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003985
name: major sublingual duct
def: "the duct that drains the anterior portion of the sublingual gland and opens at the sublingual papilla" [MP:0009528]
synonym: "Bartholin's duct" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:59986]
xref: FMA:59986 ! major sublingual duct
xref: BTO:0004558 ! sublingual gland duct (also: UBERON:0001838 'sublingual duct')
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001838 ! sublingual duct
xref: SCTID:25237008 ! Entire major sublingual duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003986
name: minor sublingual duct
def: "the 8-20 small ducts that open into the mouth on the surface of the sublingual fold" [MP:0009529]
xref: FMA:59987 ! minor sublingual duct
is_a: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001838 ! sublingual duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003987
name: Hassall's corpuscle
def: "the small spherical bodies of epithelial cells found in the medulla of the thymus, that are arranged in a concentric pattern around clusters of degenerating lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages" [MP:0009539]
xref: ncithesaurus:Hassall_s_Corpuscle ! Hassall's Corpuscle
xref: MA:0000772 ! hassall's corpuscle
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002124 ! medulla of thymus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003846 ! thymus epithelium
xref: SCTID:34223001 ! Hassal's corpuscle
xref: UMLS:C0229950

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003988
name: thymus corticomedullary boundary
def: "the dense region demarcating the thymus medulla from the surrounding cortex that is characterized by numerous blood vessels (predominantly arterioles) with some perivascular connective tissue, mature and immature T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, variable numbers of perivascular B-lymphocytes and plasma cells; site of entry of bone marrow stem cells and exit of mature, functional T cells" [MP:0009543]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002123 ! cortex of thymus
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002124 ! medulla of thymus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002125 ! lobule of thymus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003989
name: medulla oblongata anterior median fissure
def: "the longitudinal groove in the midline of the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata" [MP:0009680]
synonym: "anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata" EXACT [FMA:83734]
synonym: "anterior median fissure" EXACT [FMA:83734]
synonym: "anterior median fissure of medulla" EXACT [FMA:83734]
synonym: "ventral median fissure of medulla" EXACT [FMA:83734]
synonym: "ventral median sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83734]
xref: FMA:83734 ! Anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "fissura mediana anterior medullae oblongatae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83734]
xref: SCTID:279288001 ! Entire anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003990
name: spinal cord motor column
def: "the subclasses of motor neurons which are organized into longitudinally oriented columns that occupy distinct and, in some cases, discontinuous domains along the rostrocaudal axis of the spinal cord; motor neurons within a single column send their axons to a common peripheral target" [MP:0009685]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004668 ! fourth ventricle aperture
name: fourth ventricle aperture
def: "One of: the 4th ventricle median or lateral apertures." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "aperture of fourth ventricle" EXACT [FMA:242766]
synonym: "aperture of 4th ventricle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:242766 ! Aperture of fourth ventricle
xref: MA:0002945 ! fourth ventricle aperture
intersection_of: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002422 ! fourth ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003991
name: fourth ventricle median aperture
def: "the large midline opening of the posterior inferior part of the roof of the fourth ventricle that connects the fourth ventricle to the posterior cerebromedullary cistern and the spinal cord" [MP:0009802, Wikipedia:Median_aperture]
synonym: "arachnoid forament" RELATED [MA:0002947]
synonym: "fourth ventricle median aperture" EXACT [MA:0002947]
synonym: "median aperture of fourth ventricle" EXACT [FMA:75015]
synonym: "median aperture" BROAD [MP:0009802]
synonym: "foramen of Magendie" EXACT [FMA:75015]
synonym: "foramen of Majendie" EXACT [FMA:75015]
xref: FMA:75015 ! Median aperture of fourth ventricle
xref: MA:0002947 ! fourth ventricle median aperture
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gray708.svg/200px-Gray708.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0004668 ! fourth ventricle aperture
xref: ncithesaurus:Foramen_of_Magendie ! Foramen of Magendie
xref: SCTID:279449001 ! Foramen of Magendie
synonym: "apertura mediana ventriculi quarti" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Median_aperture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Gray708.svg
xref: UMLS:C0152288

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003992
name: fourth ventricle lateral aperture
def: "One of the two lateral openings of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space at the cerebellopontine angle[MP]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_aperture, MP:0009803]
synonym: "lateral aperture" BROAD [MP:0009803]
synonym: "lateral aperture of fourth ventricle" EXACT [FMA:78473]
synonym: "foramen of Key-Retzius" EXACT [FMA:78473]
synonym: "foramen of Retzius" EXACT [FMA:78473]
synonym: "foramen of Luschka" EXACT [FMA:78473]
synonym: "forament of Luschka" RELATED [MA:0002946]
synonym: "foramen of key and retzius" EXACT [FMA:78473]
xref: FMA:78473 ! lateral aperture of fourth ventricle
xref: MA:0002946 ! fourth ventricle lateral aperture
is_a: UBERON:0004668 ! fourth ventricle aperture
synonym: "apertura lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:78473]
xref: ncithesaurus:Foramen_of_Luschka ! Foramen of Luschka
xref: SCTID:63426007 ! Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle
synonym: "apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_aperture]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Lateral_ventricle.gif
xref: UMLS:C0152287

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013153
name: arachnoid villus
def: "Small protrusions of the arachnoid mater into vascular sinuses, acting as one-way pressure-sensitive valves." [ISBN10:0471888893, Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "arachnoid granulations" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "arachnoid villi" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "arachnoid villus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "arachnoidal granulations" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "glandul%c3%a6 pacchioni" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "glandulae pacchioni" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "granulationes arachnoideales" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "pacchioni%27s granulations" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "pacchionian bodies" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "pacchionian glands" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
synonym: "paccini%27s granulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002362 {source="FMA"} ! arachnoid mater
xref: FMA:83980 ! arachnoid villus
xref: ncithesaurus:Arachnoid_Villus ! arachnoid villus
property_value: external_definition "Arachnoid granulations (or arachnoid villi) are small protrusions of the arachnoid (the thin second layer covering the brain) through the dura mater (the thick outer layer). They protrude into the venous sinuses of the brain, and allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exit the brain, and enter the blood stream. Largest granulations lie along the superior sagittal sinus, a large venous space running from front to back along the centre of the head (on the inside of the skull). They are, however, present along other dural sinuses as well. Smaller granulations are called villi, large calcified ones are referred to as pacchionian bodies[Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Arachnoid_granulation"}
xref: UMLS:C0228130

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002422
name: fourth ventricle
def: "The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space[GO]." [Wikipedia:Fourth_ventricle]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "4th ventricle" RELATED [MA:0000196]
synonym: "rhombencephalic vesicle" NARROW [ZFA:0000110]
synonym: "ventricle IV" EXACT [ZFA:0000110]
synonym: "ventricle of hindbrain" RELATED [BTO:0003426]
synonym: "ventricle of rhombencephalon" RELATED [BTO:0003426]
synonym: "hindbrain ventricle" RELATED [VHOG:0000006]
synonym: "IVth ventricle" RELATED [VHOG:0000006]
synonym: "rhombencephalic ventricle" RELATED [VHOG:0000006]
synonym: "ventriculus quartus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fourth_ventricle]
xref: FMA:78469 ! Fourth ventricle
xref: VHOG:0000006 ! fourth ventricle
xref: MA:0000196 ! fourth ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-7Q6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ZFA:0000110 ! fourth ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Fourth_Ventricle_of_the_Brain ! Fourth Ventricle
xref: BTO:0003426 ! fourth ventricle
xref: GAID:610 ! fourth ventricle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-7Q6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! fourth ventricle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1256 ! Fourth ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0000100 ! 4th ventricle
xref: XAO:0003099 ! fourth ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray734.png/200px-Gray734.png
xref: EMAPA:16479 ! 4th ventricle of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16917 ! 4th ventricle of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276.500 ! fourth ventricle
xref: EHDAA:896 ! rhombencephalic vesicle
xref: EV:0100310 ! fourth ventricle
xref: BM:Pons-4V ! fourth ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013149 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hindbrain vesicle
xref: AAO:0011043 ! fourth ventricle
xref: SCTID:180932000 ! Entire fourth ventricle
xref: TAO:0000110 ! fourth ventricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray734.png
property_value: external_definition "Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011043", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="UBERON:0002422"}
property_value: external_definition "Fluid-filled brain cavity. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000110", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000006", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0149556

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007656 ! lateral recess of fourth ventricle
name: lateral recess of fourth ventricle
def: "The lateral recess is a projection of the fourth ventricle which extends into the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the brainstem. The lateral aperture, an opening in each extremity of the lateral recess, provides a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain's ventricular system into the subarachnoid space." [Wikipedia:Lateral_recess]
synonym: "lateral recess" BROAD [EMAPA:17257]
xref: FMA:78470 ! lateral recess of fourth ventricle
xref: EMAPA:17257 ! lateral recess
is_a: UBERON:0000464 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002422 {source="EMAPA"} ! fourth ventricle
xref: SCTID:369283008 ! Entire lateral recess of fourth ventricle
synonym: "recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_recess]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray768.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008902
name: lateral recess of third vetricle
def: "Lateral protrusion of the third ventricle." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "lateral recess of diencephalic ventricle" EXACT [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-091221-27]
synonym: "lateral recess" BROAD PLURAL  [ZFA:0000231]
xref: TAO:0000231 ! lateral recess
is_a: UBERON:0000464 {source="ZFA"} ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002286 {source="ZFA"} ! third ventricle
xref: ZFA:0000231 ! lateral recess
disjoint_from: UBERON:0007656 ! lateral recess of fourth ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003993 ! interventricular foramen of CNS
name: interventricular foramen of CNS
def: "the paired channels that connect the lateral and third ventricles and allows cerebrospinal fluid produced in the lateral ventricles to flow into the third ventricles" [MP:0009804, Wikipedia:Interventricular_foramina_(neural_anatomy)]
comment: AO notes: it is not clear if the FMA class refers to CNS or heart ventricles
synonym: "interventricular foramen" EXACT [FMA:75351]
synonym: "interventricular foramina" EXACT [Wikipedia:Interventricular_foramina_(neural_anatomy)]
synonym: "foramen Monroi" EXACT [Wikipedia:Interventricular_foramina_(neural_anatomy)]
synonym: "foramen interventriculare" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Interventricular_foramina_(neural_anatomy)]
xref: FMA:75351 ! interventricular foramen
xref: ncithesaurus:Foramen_of_Monroe ! foramen of monroe
is_a: UBERON:0004111 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical conduit
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002286 {source="MP"} ! third ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005281 ! ventricular system of central nervous system
xref: SCTID:279248006 ! Entire interventricular foramen
disjoint_from: UBERON:0013152
xref: UMLS:C0016520

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006301
name: telencephalic part of interventricular foramen
xref: EMAPA:16654 ! telencephalic part of interventricular foramen of telencephalic vesicle of telencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16915 ! telencephalic part of interventricular foramen of telencephalic vesicle of telencephalon of forebrain
xref: EHDAA2:0001980 ! telencephalic part of interventricular foramen
xref: VHOG:0000809 ! telencephalic part of interventricular foramen
xref: EHDAA:5474 ! telencephalic part of interventricular foramen
is_a: UBERON:0004111 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003993 ! interventricular foramen of CNS

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006220
name: diencephalic part of interventricular foramen
xref: EMAPA:16643 ! diencephalic part of interventricular foramen of 3rd ventricle of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16901 ! diencephalic part of interventricular foramen of 3rd ventricle of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000384 ! diencephalic part of interventricular foramen
xref: VHOG:0000808 ! diencephalic part of interventricular foramen
xref: EHDAA:3476 ! diencephalic part of interventricular foramen
is_a: UBERON:0004111 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003993 ! interventricular foramen of CNS

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013152
name: interventricular foramen of heart
is_a: UBERON:0004111 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical conduit
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002094 {source="EHDAA2"} ! interventricular septum
xref: EHDAA2:0004064 ! primary interventricular foramen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003994
name: pelvic ligament
def: "the dorsal sacroiliac, the sacrotuberal and/or the iliolumbar ligaments associated with the bony ring formed by the pair of hip bones fused at the symphysis and their firm articulation with the sacrum" [MP:0009807]
synonym: "pelvis ligament" EXACT [MA:0002948]
xref: MA:0002948 ! pelvis ligament
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003995
name: subarcuate fossa
def: "the irregular depression found on the posterior inner surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone just below its crest and above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus[MP]. In the temporal bone, above and between the aquæductus vestibuli is an irregular depression which lodges a process of the dura mater and transmits a small vein and the subarcuate artery[1] a branch of the internal auditory artery, which is an end artery that supplies blood to the inner ear ; in the infant this depression is represented by a large fossa, the subarcuate fossa, which extends backward as a blind tunnel under the superior semicircular canal. It is extensive in most primates (except for great apes) and nearly all mammals. In these animals, the subarcuate fossa houses a part of the cerebellum, the petrosal lobe[WP]." [MP:0009822]
xref: FMA:56418 ! subarcuate fossa
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010273
name: zone of hyoid bone
synonym: "hyoid bone zone" EXACT  [FMA:59494]
xref: FMA:59494 ! zone of hyoid bone
xref: SCTID:119534005 ! Hyoid bone part
intersection_of: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001685 ! hyoid bone
def: "A zone of bone organ that is part of a hyoid bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003997
name: hyoid bone greater horn
def: "the larger and more lateral of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone[MP]" [MP:0009913, Wikipedia:Greater_cornu]
comment: In humans, the greater cornua are the larger, more lateral projections from the left and right borders of the body of hyoid bone. They are in contrast to the lesser cornua, which also occur in pairs but are comparatively smaller and conical in shape. The greater cornua are derived from the third pharyngeal arches. [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "hyoid bone greater cornu" RELATED [MA:0002959]
synonym: "hyoid bone superior horn" RELATED [MA:0002959]
synonym: "hyoid bone long horn" RELATED []
synonym: "hyoid bone upper horn" RELATED [MA:0002959]
synonym: "greater horn" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "cornu majus" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "greater cornu" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "greater cornua" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "cornua majora" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "tyrohal" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "tyrohals" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "greater horn of hyoid" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "greater horn of hyoid bone" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "greater cornua" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "greater horn of the hyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "second horn of hyoid" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "posterior horn of hyoid" RELATED []
synonym: "epibranchial" RELATED [CHECKME:CHECKME]
synonym: "epibranchial of gill arch I" RELATED [CHECKME:CHECKME]
synonym: "epibranchial of pharyngeal arch III" RELATED [CHECKME:CHECKME]
xref: MA:0002959 ! hyoid bone greater horn
xref: FMA:59496 ! Greater horn
xref: EMAPA:18651 ! greater horn of hyoid bone of skeleton of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18841 ! greater horn of hyoid bone of skeleton of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0010273 {source="FMA"} ! zone of hyoid bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003114 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 3
synonym: "cornu majus ossis hyoidei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:59496]
xref: SCTID:369008008 ! Entire greater horn of hyoid bone
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001685 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! hyoid bone
property_value: external_definition "The greater cornua (or greater horns) of the hyoid bone project backward from the lateral borders of the body; they are flattened from above downward and diminish in size from before backward; each ends in a tubercle to which is fixed the lateral hyothyroid ligament. The upper surface is rough close to its lateral border, for muscular attachments: the largest of these are the origins of the hyoglossus and Constrictor pharyngis medius which extend along the whole length of the cornu; the digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle have small insertions in front of these near the junction of the body with the cornu. To the medial border the hyothyroid membrane is attached, while the anterior half of the lateral border gives insertion to the thyrohyoid. The greater cornua derive from the 3rd pharyngeal arches[Wikipedia:Greater_cornu]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Greater_cornu"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003998
name: hyoid bone lesser horn
def: "shorter and more medial of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone[MP]" [MP:0009914, Wikipedia:Lesser_cornu]
synonym: "hyoid bone lesser cornu" RELATED [MA:0002960]
synonym: "hyoid bone lower horn" RELATED [MA:0002960]
synonym: "lesser horn" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "cornu minus" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "lesser cornu" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "lesser cornu of hyoid" EXACT []
synonym: "lesser cornua" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Lesser_cornua]
synonym: "lesser horn of hyoid" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "lesser horn of the hyoid" EXACT []
synonym: "lesser horn of hyoid bone" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "anterior horn of hyoid" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "ceratohyal" RELATED SENSU [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: MA:0002960 ! hyoid bone lesser horn
xref: FMA:59499 ! Lesser horn
xref: EMAPA:18652 ! lesser horn of hyoid bone of skeleton of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18842 ! lesser horn of hyoid bone of skeleton of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0010273 {source="FMA"} ! zone of hyoid bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004368 {source="MP-implied-by-def"} ! Reichert's cartilage
synonym: "cornu minus ossis hyoidei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:59499]
xref: SCTID:369007003 ! Entire lesser horn of hyoid bone
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001685 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! hyoid bone
property_value: external_definition "The lesser cornua (or lesser horns) are two small, conical eminences, attached by their bases to the angles of junction between the body and greater cornua of the hyoid bone. They are connected to the body of the bone by fibrous tissue, and occasionally to the greater cornua by distinct diarthrodial joints, which usually persist throughout life, but occasionally become ankylosed. The lesser cornua are situated in the line of the transverse ridge on the body and appear to be morphological continuations of it. The apex of each cornu gives attachment to the stylohyoid ligament; the Chondroglossus rises from the medial side of the base. The lesser cornua are derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arches[Wikipedia:Lesser_cornu]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Lesser_cornu"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003999
name: hyoid bone body
def: "the main curve of the hyoid bone, from which the horns extend" [MP:0009917, Wikipedia:Body_of_hyoid_bone]
synonym: "base of hyoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "basihyal bone" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "basihyoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "body of hyoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "hyoid bone base" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "body of hyoid" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: FMA:59495 ! body of hyoid bone
xref: MA:0002958 ! hyoid bone body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray186.png/200px-Gray186.png
xref: EMAPA:18653 ! body of hyoid bone of skeleton of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18843 ! body of hyoid bone of skeleton of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0010273 {source="cjm"} ! zone of hyoid bone
xref: SCTID:369006007 ! Entire body of hyoid bone
synonym: "corpus ossis hyoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_hyoid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Gray186.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004005
name: cerebellum lateral hemisphere
def: "the most lateral paired regions of the cerebellum; the lateral zone receives input from the parietal cortex via pontocerebellar mossy fibers regarding the location and position of the body and integrates input signals with indications of muscle activity" [MP:0009965]
is_a: UBERON:0002946 ! regional part of cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002245 ! hemisphere of cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004006
name: cerebellum intermediate hemisphere
def: "the paired regions of the cerebellar hemisphere that lie adjacent to the vermis and are between the vermis and lateral regions of the hemispheres; it receives input from the corticopontocerebellar fibers that originate from the motor cortex, and also receives sensory feedback from the muscles; these signals are integrated by this region, to coordinate muscle activity with motor inputs" [MP:0009966]
is_a: UBERON:0002946 ! regional part of cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002245 ! hemisphere of cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002130
name: cerebellar nuclear complex
alt_id: UBERON:0004007
def: "the gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei[MP]" [MP:0009979, Wikipedia:Deep_cerebellar_nuclei]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellar nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "deep cerebellar nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "intracerebellar nuclei" EXACT []
synonym: "intrinsic nuclei of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "roof nuclei-2" EXACT []
synonym: "deep cerebellar nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1568]
xref: FMA:72249 ! Cerebellar nuclear complex
xref: GAID:599 ! cerebellar nuclei
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray707.png/200px-Gray707.png
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1568 ! Deep cerebellar nuclear complex
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.337 ! cerebellar nuclei
xref: EV:0100299 ! cerebellum nuclei
xref: ABA:CBN ! Cerebellar nuclei
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002129 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellar cortex
synonym: "nuclei cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72249]
synonym: "nuclei cerebelli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deep_cerebellar_nuclei]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray707.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004008
name: cerebellar plate
def: "the embryonic pseudostratified epithelium of the fourth cerebellar ventricle that eventually forms the vermis and ventral neuroepithelium" [MP:0000856]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004010
name: primary muscle spindle
def: "the sensory organ in muscle; involved in the stretch reflex and sensitive to stretch velocity" [MP:0000991]
is_a: UBERON:0003718 ! muscle spindle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004011
name: secondary muscle spindle
def: "the sensory organ in muscle; involved in the stretch reflex and not sensitive to stretch velocity" [MP:0000994]
is_a: UBERON:0003718 ! muscle spindle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004012
name: golgi tendon organ
def: "the sensory organ in muscle that is involved in regulating muscle tension" [MP:0000999]
synonym: "neurotendinous ending" EXACT [FMA:83608]
synonym: "neurotendinous organ of golgi" EXACT [FMA:83608]
xref: FMA:83608 ! neurotendinous ending
xref: ncithesaurus:Golgi_Tendon_Organ ! Golgi Tendon Organ
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
xref: UMLS:C0027929

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004013
name: egg cylinder
def: "the transient cup-like structure of the epiblast that consists of a single layer of embryonic cells" [MP:0003085]
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002532 ! epiblast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004084
name: genital labium
def: "the folds of skin which form the inner lips (labia minora) on both sides of the vaginal opening " [MP:0003520]
synonym: "labia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "genital labia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "labium" EXACT [MA:0002464]
xref: MA:0002464 ! labium
xref: galen:Labia ! labia
xref: ncithesaurus:Labium ! Labium
xref: EMAPA:30837 ! labia
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000997 {source="MA"} ! mammalian vulva
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0005056 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! external female genitalia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001833 ! lip
property_value: has_relational_adjective "labial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0227759

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004085
name: labium majora
def: "The labia majora are two prominent longitudinal cutaneous folds which extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum and form the lateral boundaries of the cleft of venus, which contains the labia minora, interlabial sulci, clitoral hood, clitoral glans, frenulum clitoridis, the Hart's Line, and the vulval vestibule, which contains the external openings of the urethra and the vagina. Each labium majus has two surfaces, an outer, pigmented and covered with strong, crisp hairs; and an inner, smooth and beset with large sebaceous follicles. Between the two there is a considerable quantity of areolar tissue, fat, and a tissue resembling the dartos tunic of the scrotum, besides vessels, nerves, and glands. The Labia Majora are thicker in front, where they form by their meeting the anterior commisure of the labia majora. Posteriorly they are not really joined, but appear to become lost in the neighboring integument, ending close to — and nearly parallel with — each other. Together with the connecting skin between them, they form the posterior commisure of the labia majora or posterior boundary of the pudendum. The interval between the posterior commissure of the labia majora and the anus, from 2.5 to 3 cm. in length, constitutes the perineum. The labia majora correspond to the scrotum in the male. Between the labia majora and the inner thighs are the labiocrural folds. Between the labia majora and labia minora are the interlabial sulci. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Labia_majora]
synonym: "labium majora" EXACT []
synonym: "labia majorum" EXACT []
synonym: "labium majus" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002844 ! labium majorum
xref: FMA:20367 ! Labium majus
xref: galen:LabiaMajora ! labia majora
is_a: UBERON:0004084 ! labium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011755 {source="Wikipedia", notes="posterior labial commissure"} ! female labial swelling
xref: ncithesaurus:Labium_Majus ! Labium Majus
xref: SCTID:362237001 ! Entire labium majus
synonym: "labium majus pudendi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Labia_majora]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray1229.png
synonym: "labium majorum" EXACT [MA:0002844]
xref: UMLS:C0227760

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004014
name: labium minora
def: "The labia minora or nymphae are two longitudinal cutaneous folds on the human vulva. They are situated between the labia majora, and extend from the clitoris obliquely downward, laterally, and backward on either side of the vulval vestibule, ending between bottom of the vulval vestibule and the labia majora. In the virgin the posterior ends of the labia minora are usually joined across the middle line by a fold of skin, named the frenulum labiorum pudendi or fourchette. Labia minora may vary widely in size from woman to woman. On the front, each labium minus (nympha) divides into two portions: the upper division passes above the clitoris to meet the labium minus of the opposite side—which may not be equal in size—forming a fold which overhangs the glans clitoridis; this fold is named the preputium clitoridis. The lower division passes beneath the glans clitoridis and becomes united to its under surface, forming, with the labium minus of the opposite side—which also may not be equal in size—the frenulum clitoridis. On the opposed surfaces of the labia minora are numerous sebaceous follicles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Labia_minora]
synonym: "labium minora" EXACT []
synonym: "labia minorum" EXACT []
synonym: "labium minus" EXACT [FMA:20374]
xref: MA:0002845 ! labium minorum
xref: FMA:20374 ! Labium minus
xref: galen:LabiaMinora ! labia minora
is_a: UBERON:0004084
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004876 {source="Wikipedia"} ! urogenital ridge
xref: ncithesaurus:Labium_Minus ! Labium Minus
xref: SCTID:362240001 ! Entire labium minus
synonym: "labium minus pudendi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Labia_minora]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Vulva_labeled_english.jpg
synonym: "labium minorum" EXACT [MA:0002845]
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0005056 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! external female genitalia
xref: UMLS:C0227766

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004015
name: embryonic-extraembryonic boundary
def: "the normal development /maintenance of the connection between the embryo proper and extraembryonic tissues" [MP:0003890]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004019
name: baroreceptor
def: "the sensory nerve endings in the wall of the atria of the heart, vena cava, aortic arch and carotid sinus that are sensitive to changes in blood pressure" [MP:0004118]
xref: FMA:85601 ! baroreceptor
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: capable_of GO:0003073 ! regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004020
name: obsolete embryonic cilium
def: "OBSOLETE: the earliest cilia of the mouse embryo found on the cells of the embryonic node" [MP:0004131]
comment: Made obsolete as cell components are out of scope
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004021
name: spongiotrophoblast layer
def: "the structure of the outer structural layer of the rodent placenta[MP]. Forms a compact layer of non-syncytial cells between the labyrinth and the outer giant cells" [MP:0004255, PMID:19829370]
comment: Taxon notes: restriction to Rodentia may be too strong - we apply it for now as we are inheriting the MP definition. Development notes:  In the absence of direct lineage analysis, it has been assumed, from his- tological studies and from the continuity of marker gene expression, that the spongiotrophoblast largely derives from the cells of the ectoplacental cone[PMID:19829370]
synonym: "spongiotrophoblast layer of placenta" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001987 ! placenta
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0002499 ! spongiotrophoblast cell
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9989 {source="MP:0004255", source="PMID:11433360"} ! Rodentia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003053
name: ventricular zone
def: "Proliferative region that is part of the ventricular system." [ZFA:0001083]
comment: in BTO this is restricted to the 4th ventricle - however this class also represents the early ventricular zone as well as its post-natal remnants. The MA class is named 'ventricular zone of brain' and is presumably restricted to the post-natal zone
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "brain ventricular zone" EXACT [MA:0000819]
synonym: "ventricular zone of brain" EXACT []
synonym: "VZ" EXACT []
xref: TAO:0001083 ! ventricular zone
xref: XAO:0000021 ! ventricular zone
xref: ZFA:0001083 ! ventricular zone
xref: MA:0000819 ! brain ventricular zone
xref: BTO:0003654 ! ventricular zone
xref: VHOG:0001224 ! brain ventricular zone
xref: EFO:0003624 ! ventricular zone
xref: AAO:0011112 ! ventricular zone
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 {source="MA"} ! brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005281 {source="ZFA"} ! ventricular system of central nervous system
property_value: external_definition  "Proliferative zone in the region of the neural tube adjacent to the lumen." xsd:string {source="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_4.html"}
property_value: external_definition  "There are two primary regions that are thought to give rise to neurons that make up the cerebellum. The first region is the ventricular zone (the roof of the fourth ventricle). This area produces Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclear neurons[BTO:0003654]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0003654"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008881
name: rostral migratory stream
def: "Unique telencephalic subventricular zones that extend from the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulbs. Newly produced GABAergic interneurons migrate along the RMS and settle in the bulb[NIF]. In rodents, the anterior region of the SVZ produces neuroblasts that migrate in chain toward the olfactory bulb along the so-called rostral migratory stream (RMS)[BTO]. the transient structure formed by neurons migrating from the subventricular zone into the olfactory bulbs[MP] The rostral migratory stream (RMS) or rostral migratory pathway is a pathway, found in the brain of some animals, along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. Neurogenesis has been shown to occur in the SVZ into adulthood[WP]" [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1702, PMID:12453055, MP:0004279, [Wikipedia:Rostral_migratory_stream]
synonym: "RMS" RELATED ABBREVIATION [BTO:0003412]
synonym: "rostral migratory pathway" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rostral_migratory_stream]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002285 {source="BTO-modified"} ! lateral ventricle
relationship: connects UBERON:0002264 {source="MP-modified"} ! olfactory bulb
relationship: connects UBERON:0004922 ! postnatal subventricular zone
xref: BTO:0003412 ! rostral migratory stream
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1702 ! Rostral migratory stream

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004922
name: postnatal subventricular zone
def: "A mitotically active layer of cells surrounding the brain ventricles in the adult that consists of migrating neuroblasts, astrocytes and transitory amplifying progenitor cells[MP]. a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It has been associated with having four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition[WP]." [Wikipedia:Subventricular_zone]
comment: Structure notes: WP divides this into 4 layers.
synonym: "postnatal subventricular zone" EXACT [MP:0004275]
synonym: "adult subventricular zone" EXACT [MP:0004275]
synonym: "subependymal zone" RELATED [MP:0004275]
synonym: "subependymal layer" RELATED [MP:0004275]
synonym: "subependymal plate" RELATED [MP:0004275]
synonym: "brain subventricular zone" EXACT [MA:0000817]
synonym: "subventricular zone of brain" EXACT []
synonym: "subventricular zone" EXACT [MA:0000817]
synonym: "SVZ" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: MA:0000817 ! brain subventricular zone
xref: BTO:0003090 ! subventricular zone 
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009953 ! post-embryonic organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001890 {source="GO"} ! forebrain
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004023 ! ganglionic eminence
relationship: site_of GO:0022008 ! neurogenesis
property_value: external_definition "The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. Along with the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus, subventricular zone serves as a source of neural stem cells in the process of adult neurogenesis. It harbors the largest population of proliferating cells in the adult brain of rodents, monkeys and humans. Neurons generated in SVZ travel to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream[BTO:0003090]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0003090"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010404
name: lateral ventricle subependymal layer
def: "A cell layer below the ependyma in the lateral ventricles of the brain. This region contains adult neural stem cells which have the potential to generate new neurons and glial cells via neurogenesis. It is an adult version of the embryonic forebrain germinal zone" [Wikipedia:Subependymal_zone]
is_a: UBERON:0000119 {source="cjm"} ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004922 {source="Wikipedia"} ! postnatal subventricular zone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002285 {source="MA"} ! lateral ventricle
xref: MA:0000965 ! lateral ventricle subependymal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009952
name: subgranular zone
def: "a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus, where adult neurogenesis occurs. " [Wikipedia:Subgranular_zone]
synonym: "subgranular zone of dentate gyrus" EXACT []
is_a:  UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: site_of GO:0022008 {source="Wikipedia", notes="granule cells"} ! neurogenesis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001885 ! dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Doublecortin_expression-2.png/600px-Doublecortin_expression-2.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004023 ! ganglionic eminence
name: ganglionic eminence
def: "the transient proliferative population of neurons that expands exponentially during late prenatal development; it is a continuous germinal zone distinct from the ventricular zone that surrounds the brain ventricles[MP]. The eminences are found in the ventral part of the telencephalon, where they form bulges in the ventricles. These bulges develop into the basal ganglia.[1] They also contribute significantly in building up the GABAergic cortical cell population[WP]." [MP:0004274, Wikipedia:Ganglionic_eminence]
synonym: "embryonic subventricular zone" EXACT []
synonym: "embryonic/fetal subventricular zone" EXACT []
synonym: "fetal subventricular zone" EXACT []
synonym: "GE" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004024
name: medial ganglionic eminence
def: "a distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the neocortex; however, hippocampal neurons, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the MGE." [MP:0004276]
synonym: "MGE" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004023 ! embryonic subventricular zone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004025
name: lateral ganglionic eminence
def: "a distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the striatum; however, neocortex, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the LGE" [MP:0004277]
synonym: "LGE" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004023 ! embryonic subventricular zone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004026
name: caudal ganglionic eminence
def: "the caudally located, distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the fetal subventricular zone, located adjacent to the lateral ventricle" [MP:0004278]
synonym: "CGE" BROAD []
xref: EFO:0001911 ! caudal ganglionic eminence
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004023 ! embryonic subventricular zone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006204
name: inguinal ligament
def: "a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients. It forms the base of the inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop. The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone. It is formed by the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis and is continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh." [Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament]
synonym: "fallopian ligament" EXACT DUBIOUS [FMA:19855, Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament]
synonym: "Poupart's ligament" EXACT DUBIOUS [FMA:19855, Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament]
synonym: "Vesalius' ligament" EXACT [FMA:19855]
xref: FMA:19855 ! inguinal ligament
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005442 ! external oblique
xref: SCTID:361900000 ! Entire inguinal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006205
name: pectineal ligament
comment: we include a disjointness axiom to avoid confusion that may arise from the synonyms 'ligamentum pectineale' and 'ligamentum pectinum'
synonym: "cooper's ligament (groin)" EXACT [FMA:20188]
synonym: "ligamentum pectineale" EXACT [FMA:20188]
xref: FMA:20188 ! pectineal ligament
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005969 ! reticulum trabeculare
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006204 ! inguinal ligament
xref: SCTID:256661003 ! Entire pectineal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005969 ! reticulum trabeculare
name: reticulum trabeculare
alt_id: UBERON:0004028
def: "a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris[GO]. The trabecular meshwork is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). The tissue is spongy and lined by trabeculocytes; it allows fluid to drain into a set of tubes called Schlemm's canal flowing into the blood system[WP]. A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of Schlemm.[GAID] the pore-like structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates[MP]." [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork, MP:0005203, GO:0002930]
comment: TODO check syns - ligaments
synonym: "Hueck's ligament" RELATED [BTO:0001605]
synonym: "ligamentum pectinatum anguli iridocornealis" RELATED [BTO:0001605]
synonym: "pectinate ligament" RELATED [BTO:0001605]
synonym: "pectinate ligament of iris" RELATED [BTO:0001605]
synonym: "trabecular meshwork" RELATED [BTO:0001605, GO:0002930]
synonym: "cribiform ligament" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "iridis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "ligamentum peactin-tum iridis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "ligamentum pectinatum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "ligamentum pectinatum iridis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "scleral trabeculae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "scleral trabecular" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "scleral trabecule" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "scribiform ligament" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "trabecular mesh" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
synonym: "trabecular meshwork of the eye" EXACT [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
xref: BTO:0001605 ! reticulum trabeculare
xref: GAID:897 ! trabecular meshwork
xref: ncithesaurus:Trabecular_Meshwork ! Trabecular Meshwork
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.932 ! trabecular meshwork
xref: EV:0100352 ! trabecular meshwork
xref: EFO:0003077 ! trabecular meshwork
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: has_part CL:0002367 ! trabecular meshwork cell
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001766 ! anterior chamber
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003956 ! aqueous drainage system
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0006206 ! iridocorneal angle
synonym: "reticulum trabeculare sclerae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trabecular_meshwork]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gray870.png
xref: SCTID:280694002 ! Entire trabecular meshwork
xref: UMLS:C0040573

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006206 ! iridocorneal angle
name: iridocorneal angle
def: "acute angle occurring between the iris and the cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye[MP]." [MP:0004221]
synonym: "anterior chamber angle" EXACT [FMA:58577]
xref: FMA:58577 ! iridocorneal angle
is_a: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003956 ! aqueous drainage system
xref: SCTID:244498000 ! Entire iridocorneal angle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004029
name: canal of Schlemm
def: "the vascular structure encircling the anterior chamber of the eye, through which the aqueous humor is returned to the blood circulation" [MP:0005204, Wikipedia:Schlemm's_canal]
synonym: "Schlemm's canal" EXACT []
synonym: "scleral venous sinus" EXACT [FMA:51873]
synonym: "scleral sinus" EXACT [FMA:51873]
synonym: "sinus venosus of sclera" EXACT [FMA:51873]
synonym: "sinus venosus sclerae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Schlemm's_canal]
xref: FMA:51873 ! Scleral venous sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Canal_of_Schlemm ! Canal of Schlemm
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003956 ! aqueous drainage system
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0005486 {source="FMA/obol"} ! venous dural sinus
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0003712 {source="FMA/obol"} ! cavernous sinus
xref: SCTID:280605006 ! Entire sinus venosus of sclera
xref: UMLS:C0229108

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004030
name: aqueous vein
def: "this vessel that receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm)" [MP:0005207]
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003956 ! aqueous drainage system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004032
name: podocyte slit diaphragm
def: "the thin membrane that covers the podocyte filtration slit which allows small molecules such as water, glucose, and ionic salts to pass through while retaining larger macromolecules in the bloodstream" [MP:0008060]
comment: TODO - submit to GO
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of CL:0000653 ! podocyte

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004033
name: podocyte slit junction
def: "the gaps between the interdigitated foot processes of the podocyte" [MP:0008062]
comment: TODO - submit to GO
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of CL:0000653 ! podocyte
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004355 ! podocyte foot process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004034
name: cutaneous microfibril
def: "the fiber-like strand of fibrillin that forms the scaffold of the cutaneous elastic fibers found in the extracellular matrix of the skin" [MP:0008419]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003967 ! cutaneous elastic fiber

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005343
name: cortical plate
def: "the outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers[MP]." [MP:0008439]
xref: ABA:CTXpl ! Cortical plate
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004035
name: subplate
def: "the transient outer neural tube region that contains the first generated post-mitotic neurons that receive synaptic input from thalamic axons and in turn project axons to the developing cortical plate" [MP:0008440, Wikipedia:Subplate]
comment: The transient fetal subplate zone, together with the marginal zone and the cortical plate, represents the developmental anlage of the mammalian cerebral cortex. It serves as a waiting compartment for growing cortical afferents; its cells are involved in the establishment of pioneering cortical efferent projections and transient fetal circuitry, and apparently have a number of other developmental roles. The subplate zone is a phylogenetically recent structure and it is most developed in the human brain. Subplate neurons are among the first generated neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex [1]. These neurons disappear during postnatal development and are important in establishing the correct wiring [2][3] and functional maturation [4] of the cerebral cortex. Subplate neurons appear to be selectively sensitive to injury (such as hypoxia) which in humans are associated with motor and cognitive defects[WP].
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004036
name: obsolete retinal cone cell inner segment
def: "the retinal cone cell region which contains the machinery of the cell (mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) and where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment region" [MP:0008448]
comment: request from GO as subclass of photoreceptor segment
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004037
name: obsolete retinal cone cell outer segment
def: "the retinal cone cell region in which the visual pigment rhodopsin is in invaginations of the cell membrane" [MP:0008449]
comment: request from GO as subclass of photoreceptor segment
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004038
name: obsolete retinal rod cell inner segment
def: "the retinal rod cell region which contains the machinery of the cell (mitochondria, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) and where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment region" [MP:0008455]
comment: request from GO as subclass of photoreceptor segment
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004039
name: obsolete retinal rod cell outer segment
def: "the retinal rod cell region which contains stacks of membranous discs separate from the outer cell membrane that are rich in the visual pigment rhodopsin" [MP:0008456]
comment: request from GO as subclass of photoreceptor segment
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004040
name: cortical intermediate zone
def: "the region of the developing mammalian cortex that extends between the ventricular zone and the cortical plate (CP); normally, the IZ is a region of tangential migration of cells, and at midgestation, the lower part of the IZ develops into the subventricular zone" [MP:0008457]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004043
name: semicircular canal ampulla
def: "the spherical enlargement at the base of each semicircular canal where they connect with the utricle, containing the crista ampullaris which detects movement of the fluid within the canals" [MP:0008488, Wikipedia:Osseous_ampullae]
comment: TODO check duct vs canal. Also check FMA - has many subtypes of semicircular canal such as 'ampulla of anterior semicircular canal'
synonym: "membraneous ampulla of the semicircular duct" RELATED [MP:0008488]
synonym: "semicircular duct ampulla" RELATED [MA:0002770]
xref: MA:0002770 ! semicircular duct ampulla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg/200px-Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001840 ! semicircular canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001856 {source="MA"} ! semicircular duct
xref: SCTID:279759001 ! Ampulla of semicircular canal
synonym: "ampullae osseae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Osseous_ampullae]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Vestibular_system%27s_semicircular_canal-_a_cross-section.jpg


[Term]
id: UBERON:0004045
name: tailgut
def: "the extension of the hindgut of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo, caudal to the location of the anal opening" [MP:0008787]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004047
name: basal cistern
def: "the enclosed space where the arachnoid membrane stretches between the two temporal lobes and encloses the cerebral peduncles including the structures contained in the interpeduncular fossa" [MP:0009029]
xref: EMAPA:19056 ! basal cistern of subarachnoid space of meninges of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:19149 ! basal cistern of subarachnoid space of meninges of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0004050 ! subarachnoid cistern

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004048
name: pontine cistern
def: "the space located on lateral aspects of the pons at the junction with the celebellum" [MP:0009030]
xref: FMA:83719 ! pontine cistern
xref: EMAPA:18212 ! pontine cistern
is_a: UBERON:0004050 ! subarachnoid cistern
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 ! pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004049 ! cerebellomedullary cistern
name: cerebellomedullary cistern
def: "the largest of the subarachnoid cisterns between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata; it is divided into a posterior cerebellomedullary cistern [TA] located between the cerebellum and the posterior surface of the medulla (also called cisterna magna), and a lateral cerebellomedullary cistern [TA] located between the cerebellum and the lateral aspect of the medulla." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/cerebellomedullary-cistern.html]
synonym: "great cistern" EXACT [FMA:74517]
xref: FMA:74517 ! cerebellomedullary cistern
is_a: UBERON:0004050 ! subarachnoid cistern

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004050
name: subarachnoid cistern
def: "the widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain" [MP:0009032, Wikipedia:Cistern_(neuroanatomy)]
comment: AO notes: in FMA is a subdivision of arachnoid space
synonym: "cisterna" BROAD LATIN [Wikipedia:Cistern_(neuroanatomy)]
synonym: "cistern" BROAD [Wikipedia:Cistern_(neuroanatomy)]
xref: FMA:83717 ! subarachnoid cistern
xref: ncithesaurus:Subarachnoid_Cistern ! Subarachnoid Cistern
is_a: UBERON:0000315 ! subarachnoid space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
xref: SCTID:314223007 ! Entire subarachnoid cistern
xref: UMLS:C0228144

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004051
name: lateral cerebellomedullary cistern
def: "the space between the cerebellum and the lateral aspect of the medulla" [MP:0009034]
synonym: "cisterna cerebellomedullaris lateralis" EXACT  [MP:0009034]
xref: FMA:83722 ! lateral cerebellomedullary cistern
is_a: UBERON:0004049 ! cerebellomedullary cistern
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005974
name: posterior cerebellomedullary cistern
def: "A space between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla[MP]. The cisterna magna (or cerebellomedullary cistern) is one of three principal openings in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. The openings are collectively referred to as cisterns. The cisterna magna is located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata. Cerebrospinal fluid produced in the fourth ventricle drains into the cisterna magna via the lateral apertures and median aperture. The two other principal cisterns are the pontine cistern located between the pons and the medulla, and the interpeduncular cistern located between the cerebral peduncles. Cerebral spinal fluid can also be obtained by puncture of the cisterna magna (cistern puncture)." [Wikipedia:Cisterna_magna, MP:0009036]
xref: FMA:83721 ! posterior cerebellomedullary cistern
synonym: "cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior" EXACT  [MP:0009033]
synonym: "cisterna magna" EXACT  [MP:0009033]
xref: MESH:A08.186.566.166.686.351
is_a: UBERON:0004049 ! cerebellomedullary cistern
xref: GAID:690 ! cisterna magna
xref: SCTID:280391002 ! Entire cisterna magna
xref: ncithesaurus:Cisterna_Magna ! Cisterna Magna
synonym: "cisterna cerebellomedullaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cisterna_magna]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray768.png
xref: UMLS:C0008841

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004052
name: quadrigeminal cistern
def: "the enclosed space extending forward between the corpus callosum and the thalamus that contains the internal cerebral veins" [MP:0009035]
synonym: "superior cistern" EXACT [FMA:74511]
synonym: "ambient cistern" EXACT [FMA:74511]
synonym: "cistern of great cerebral vein" EXACT [FMA:74511]
xref: FMA:74511 ! superior cistern
xref: ncithesaurus:Quadrigeminal_Cistern ! Quadrigeminal Cistern
is_a: UBERON:0004050 ! subarachnoid cistern
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002336
synonym: "cisterna quadrigeminalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74511]
synonym: "cisterna ambiens" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74511]
synonym: "cisterna venae magnae cerebri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74511]
xref: SCTID:56154003 ! Entire cisterna ambiens
xref: UMLS:C0228150

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011155
name: sylvian cistern
def: "The subarachnoid space associated with the lateral cerebral sulcus (Sylvian fissure); contains the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery and the origin of lenticulostriate arteries, and proximal parts of the middle cerebral artery" [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?Sylvian+cistern]
is_a: UBERON:0004050 ! subarachnoid cistern
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002721 ! lateral sulcus
xref: ncithesaurus:Sylvian_Cistern ! sylvian cistern
xref: UMLS:C1515104

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005156
name: reproductive structure
def: "An anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system." [GOC:cjm]
synonym: "reproductive system structure" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003134
name: female reproductive organ
def: "A female organ involved in reproduction" [UBERON:xp]
synonym: "female reproductive system organ" EXACT []
synonym: "female sex organ" EXACT []
synonym: "female organism reproductive organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female organism reproductive structure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female organism reproductive system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female organism sex organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive organ of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive structure of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system organ of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sex organ of female organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000544 ! female reproductive gland/organ
xref: EMAPA:17959 ! female reproductive system (also: UBERON:0000474 'female reproductive system')
is_a: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "female reproductive gland/organ" EXACT [MA:0000544]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003135
name: male reproductive organ
def: "A male organ involved in reproduction" [UBERON:xp]
synonym: "male reproductive system organ" EXACT []
synonym: "male sex organ" EXACT []
synonym: "male organism reproductive organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism reproductive structure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism reproductive system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male organism sex organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive organ of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive structure of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "reproductive system organ of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sex organ of male organism" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000545 ! male reproductive gland/organ
is_a: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003101 ! male organism
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "male reproductive gland/organ" EXACT [MA:0000545]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004175 ! internal genitalia
name: internal genitalia
def: "The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals" [GO:0035260]
synonym: "internal sex organ" RELATED []
synonym: "internal reproductive organ" RELATED []
synonym: "internal genitalia" EXACT []
synonym: "internal genitals" EXACT []
xref: FMA:45652 ! internal genitalia
is_a: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004176 ! external genitalia
name: external genitalia
def: "The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals" [GO:0035261]
synonym: "external sex organ" RELATED []
synonym: "external reproductive organ" RELATED []
synonym: "external genitalia" EXACT []
xref: FMA:45643 ! external genitalia
is_a: UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ
xref: SCTID:362207005 ! Entire external genitalia
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004053 ! external male genitalia
name: external male genitalia
def: "the external masculine genital organs, including the penis and scrotum" [MP:0009199]
synonym: "male external genitalia" EXACT [FMA:45642]
synonym: "external male genital organ" EXACT [BTO:0003097]
synonym: "organa genitalia masculina externa" RELATED [BTO:0003097]
xref: FMA:45642 ! Male external genitalia
xref: BTO:0003097 ! external male genital organ
xref: EMAPA:30977 ! male external genitalia
intersection_of: UBERON:0004176 ! external genitalia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
xref: galen:MaleExternalGenitalia
xref: SCTID:362264000 ! Entire male external genitalia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005056 ! external female genitalia
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004054 ! internal male genitalia
name: internal male genitalia
def: "the internal masculine genital organs, including the testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, ejaculatory ducts, and bulbourethral glands" [MP:0009205]
comment: Editor note: consider splitting genitalia from genital organ
synonym: "male internal genitalia" EXACT [FMA:45655]
synonym: "internal male genital organ" EXACT [BTO:0003096]
synonym: "organa genitalia masculina interna" RELATED [BTO:0003096]
xref: FMA:45655 ! Male internal genitalia
xref: BTO:0003096 ! internal male genital organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0004175 ! internal genitalia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
xref: SCTID:310536002 ! Entire male internal genital organ
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003975 ! internal female genitalia
name: internal female genitalia
def: "the internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina." [MP:0009209]
synonym: "female internal genitalia" EXACT [FMA:45654]
synonym: "internal genitalia of female reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "internal female genital organ" EXACT [BTO:0003099]
synonym: "organa genitalia feminina interna" RELATED [BTO:0003099]
xref: FMA:45654 ! Female internal genitalia
xref: BTO:0003099 ! internal female genital organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0004175 ! internal genitalia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
xref: SCTID:303518005 ! Entire female internal genital organ
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005056 ! external female genitalia
name: external female genitalia
def: "An external genitalia that is part of a female reproductive system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female external genitalia" EXACT [FMA:45649]
synonym: "external genitalia of female reproductive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "external female genital organ" EXACT [BTO:0003100]
synonym: "organa genitalia feminina externa" RELATED [BTO:0003100]
xref: FMA:45649 ! Female external genitalia
xref: BTO:0003100 ! external female genital organ
xref: EMAPA:30984 ! female external genitalia
intersection_of: UBERON:0004176 ! external genitalia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
xref: galen:FemaleExternalGenitalia
xref: SCTID:362234008 ! Entire female external genitalia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004053 ! external male genitalia
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004055
name: primitive pit
def: "the small depression in the primitive streak that is caudal to the primitive node where the cells of the epiblast initially begin to invaginate during early embryogenesis" [MP:0009329, Wikipedia:Primitive_pit]
subset: early_development
comment: TODO - check
xref: EHDAA:551 ! primitive pit
xref: ncithesaurus:Primitive_Pit ! Primitive Pit
xref: EHDAA2:0001521 ! primitive pit
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004341 ! primitive streak
property_value: external_definition "The primitive pit is a depression in the center of the primitive node, connecting to the notochord. It consists of part of the primitive streak[Wikipedia:Primitive_pit]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Primitive_pit"}
xref: UMLS:C1514439

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004056
name: primitive groove
def: "the shallow valley that extends along the length of the primitive streak[MP]" [MP:0009330, Wikipedia:Primitive_groove]
subset: early_development
xref: EHDAA:547 ! primitive groove
xref: ncithesaurus:Primitive_Groove ! Primitive Groove
xref: EHDAA2:0001511 ! primitive groove
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004341 ! primitive streak
property_value: external_definition "A shallow groove, the primitive groove, appears on the surface of the primitive streak, and the anterior end of this groove communicates by means of an aperture, the blastophore, with the yolk-sac[Wikipedia:Primitive_groove]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Primitive_groove"}
xref: UMLS:C1514434

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004057
name: skeletal muscle fiber triad
def: "the skeletal muscle fiber structure comprised of the transverse tubule and the two associated terminal cisternae; each fiber normally has thousands of triads" [MP:0009411]
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue


[Term]
id: UBERON:0004059
name: spinal cord medial motor column
def: "the subclasses of motor neurons which project their axons to axial muscles that lie close to the vertebral column; motor neurons in the lateral subdivision of the MMC project their axons to body wall muscles" [MP:0009686]
is_a: UBERON:0003990

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005478 ! sulcus limitans of neural tube
name: sulcus limitans of neural tube
def: "A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall of the embryo; stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Sulcus+limitans]
synonym: "neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001265]
synonym: "sulcus limitans" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0006846 ! groove
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005496 {source="EHDAA2"} ! neural tube lateral wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009576
name: medulla oblongata sulcus limitans
intersection_of: UBERON:0005478 ! sulcus limitans of neural tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010288 ! future medulla oblongata
xref: EHDAA2:0001100 ! medulla oblongata sulcus limitans
xref: EMAPA:17561 ! sulcus limitans of lateral wall of medulla oblongata
def: "A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future medulla oblongata." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009577
name: metencephalon sulcus limitans
intersection_of: UBERON:0005478 ! sulcus limitans of neural tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010092 ! future metencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001161 ! metencephalon sulcus limitans
xref: EMAPA:17567 ! sulcus limitans of lateral wall of metencephalon
def: "A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future metencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009578
name: myelencephalon sulcus limitans
intersection_of: UBERON:0005478 ! sulcus limitans of neural tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010096 ! future myelencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001945 ! myelencephalon sulcus limitans
def: "A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future myelencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009570
name: spinal cord sulcus limitans
intersection_of: UBERON:0005478 ! sulcus limitans of neural tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006241 ! future spinal cord
xref: EMAPA:17584 ! sulcus limitans of lateral wall of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EHDAA2:0001265 ! spinal cord lateral wall sulcus limitans
xref: VHOG:0001548 ! spinal cord sulcus limitans
synonym: "spinal cord lateral wall sulcus limitans" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001265]
def: "A sulcus limitans of neural tube that is part of a future spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009573
name: sulcus limitans of fourth ventricle
def: "In the floor of the fourth ventricle, the sulcus limitans separates the cranial nerve motor nuclei (medial) from the sensory nuclei (lateral). In the superior part of the rhomboid fossa, it corresponds with the lateral limit of the fossa and presents a bluish-gray area, the locus ceruleus (which owes its color to an underlying patch of deeply pigmented nerve cells, termed the substantia ferruginea). [WP]" [Wikipedia:Sulcus_limitans]
synonym: "sulcus limitans" BROAD [FMA:78496]
xref: FMA:78496 ! Sulcus limitans
xref: ncithesaurus:Sulcus_Limitans ! Sulcus Limitans
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002422 ! fourth ventricle
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005478 ! sulcus limitans of neural tube
synonym: "s. limitans fossae rhomboideae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sulcus_limitans]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray709.png
xref: UMLS:C0262332

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011565
name: lumen of gastrointestinal system
synonym: "gastrointestinal tract lumen" EXACT  [FMA:54364]
synonym: "lumen of gastrointestinal tract" EXACT  [FMA:54364]
synonym: "cavity of gastrointestinal tract" EXACT  []
synonym: "cavity of digestive tract" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system
xref: FMA:54364 ! lumen of gastrointestinal system
xref: SCTID:432899004 ! Structure of lumen of gastrointestinal tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011566
name: lumen of esophagus
synonym: "cavity of esophagus" EXACT  [FMA:9398]
synonym: "esophageal cavity" EXACT  [FMA:9398]
synonym: "esophageal lumen" EXACT  [FMA:9398]
synonym: "esophagus lumen" EXACT  [FMA:9398]
synonym: "cavity of eosophagus" EXACT  []
synonym: "eosophageal cavity" EXACT  []
synonym: "eosophageal lumen" EXACT  []
synonym: "eosophagus lumen" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011565 {source="FMA"} ! lumen of gastrointestinal system
xref: FMA:9398 ! lumen of esophagus
xref: SCTID:322648002 ! Entire esophageal lumen
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a esophagus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011574
name: mesonephric duct lumen
synonym: "cavity of nephric duct" RELATED  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0005082 ! tube lumen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003074! mesonephric duct
synonym: "nephric duct lumen" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001244]
xref: EHDAA2:0001244 ! nephric duct lumen
def: "A tube lumen that is part of a mesonephric duct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004065
name: primordial meninx
def: "the outermost mesenchymal covering of the developing brain and spinal cord that is composed of tough fibrous connective tissue from which the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater are formed" [MP:0009726]
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006906
name: ala of nose
def: "The lateral surface of the external nose ends below in a rounded eminence, the wing of the nose. It is elevated by the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle[WP]. the tissue comprising the lateral boundary of the nose, inferiorly, surrounding the naris[EoM]." [Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.a.32600/full]
synonym: "nasal ala" EXACT [FMA:59519]
synonym: "ala nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose]
synonym: "ala of the nose" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose]
synonym: "wing of nose" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose]
synonym: "wing of the nose" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose]
synonym: "wings of the nose" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose]
xref: FMA:59519 ! ala of nose
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004067 ! lateral nasal prominence
synonym: "ala nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ala_of_nose]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Gray852.png
xref: SCTID:361345006 ! Entire ala nasi
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0007827 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! external nose

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008341 ! columella nasi
name: columella nasi
def: "the tissue that links the nasal tip to the nasal base, and separates the nares. It is the inferior margin of the nasal septum[EoM]." [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.a.32600/full]
synonym: "columella" RELATED  [FMA:59725]
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007827 {source="FMA"} ! external nose
xref: FMA:59725 ! columella
xref: SCTID:361930008 ! Entire columella

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012314 ! embryonic facial prominence
name: embryonic facial prominence
def: "One of five swellings formed during the development of the face" [http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: SCTID:89066004 ! Facial process structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009292 ! embryonic nasal process
name: embryonic nasal process
comment: medial or lateral; in EHDAA2 also frontonasal or intermaxillary
synonym: "nasal placode" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0012314 ! embryonic facial prominence
xref: SCTID:308881001 ! Entire nasal processes of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16680 ! process
xref: EHDAA:4776 ! process
xref: EHDAA2:0000581 ! nasal process group

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009293
name: embryonic frontal process
is_a: UBERON:0012314 ! embryonic facial prominence
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004066 {source="EMAPA"} ! frontonasal prominence
xref: EMAPA:16802 ! frontal process
xref: SCTID:346265009 ! Entire frontal process of embryo
xref: EHDAA:4780 ! frontal process
xref: VHOG:0001323 ! frontal process
synonym: "frontal process" EXACT [VHOG:0001323]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004066
name: frontonasal prominence
alt_id: UBERON:0006237
def: "An unpaired facial process in the embryo formed from the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle that develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout[MP]. During embryonic development, two areas of thickened ectoderm, the olfactory areas, appear immediately under the fore-brain in the anterior wall of the stomodeum, one on either side of a region termed the frontonasal prominence (or process)[WP]. By the upgrowth of the surrounding parts these areas are converted into pits, the olfactory pits, which indent the frontonasal prominence and divide it into a medial and two lateral nasal processes[WP]." [MP:0009901, Wikipedia:Frontonasal_prominence]
is_a: UBERON:0009292 ! embryonic nasal process
relationship: in_median_plane_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: ncithesaurus:Frontonasal_Prominence ! Frontonasal Prominence
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gray44.png/200px-Gray44.png
xref: EMAPA:16681 ! fronto-nasal process
xref: EHDAA2:0000578 ! frontonasal process
xref: VHOG:0001319 ! frontonasal process
xref: EHDAA:4778 ! frontonasal process
xref: SCTID:361486000 ! Frontonasal process
synonym: "prominentia frontonasalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontonasal_prominence]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Gray44.png
xref: UMLS:C1517321

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004067 ! lateral nasal prominence
name: lateral nasal prominence
def: "the lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo; it separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye and the ala of the nose/snout develops from it" [MP:0009902, Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_prominence]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray48.png/200px-Gray48.png
synonym: "latero-nasal process" EXACT [EMAPA:16805]
synonym: "lateral nasal swelling" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0009292 ! embryonic nasal process
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004066 {source="Wikipedia"} ! frontonasal prominence
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004066 {source="EHDAA2"} ! frontonasal process
xref: EHDAA2:0000916 ! lateral nasal process
xref: EHDAA:4786 ! lateral nasal process
xref: EMAPA:16805 ! latero-nasal process
synonym: "lateral nasal process" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000916]
xref: SCTID:308880000 ! Entire lateral nasal process
synonym: "prominentia nasalis lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_prominence]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray48.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004068 ! medial nasal prominence
name: medial nasal prominence
def: "the central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it" [MP:0009903, Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence]
comment: Fusion of right and left medial nasal processes forms a primary palate rostrally and the nasal septum caudally. The incisive bone, including upper incisor teeth and the rostral up- per lip, are derived from the primary palate. The nasal septum consists of bone, cartilage, and a patch of soft tissue membrane that separates right & left halves of the nasal cavity.
synonym: "medial nasal process" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001076]
synonym: "medial-nasal process" EXACT [EMAPA:16808]
synonym: "medial nasal swelling" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "nasomedial prominence" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "prominentia nasalis medialis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_nasal_prominence]
xref: VHOG:0000804 ! medial-nasal process
xref: EMAPA:16808 ! medial-nasal process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gray45.png/200px-Gray45.png
is_a: UBERON:0009292 ! embryonic nasal process
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004066 {source="EHDAA2"} ! frontonasal process
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0008816 ! embryonic head
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004066 {source="Wikipedia"} ! frontonasal prominence
xref: EHDAA2:0001076 ! medial nasal process
xref: EHDAA:4792 ! medial nasal process
xref: SCTID:308877001 ! Entire medial nasal process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray45.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009714
name: intermaxillary process
def: "the primordial mass of tissue formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominences of the embryo; it contributes to the intermaxillary portion of the upper jaw, the prolabial portion of the upper lip, and the primary palate." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=intermaxillary+segment]
comment: Editors note: requires verification. Note EHDAA2 has this as coming from both lateral and medial prominences. See also: median cleft lip
synonym: "intermaxillary segment" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intermaxillary_segment]
synonym: "globular process" RELATED DEPRECATED [Wikipedia:Intermaxillary_segment]
synonym: "globular processes of his" RELATED DEPRECATED [Wikipedia:Intermaxillary_segment]
is_a: UBERON:0009292 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! embryonic nasal process
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004067 {source="EHDAA2", notes="inconsistent"} ! lateral nasal prominence
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004068 {source="EHDAA2"} ! medial nasal prominence
xref: EHDAA2:0000868 ! intermaxillary process
xref: EHDAA:7856 ! intermaxillary process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005867 ! mandibular prominence
name: mandibular prominence
def: "The mandibular prominence is an embryological structure which gives rise to the lower portion of the face. The mandible and lower lip derive from it. It is innervated by the mandibular nerve." [Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence]
comment: Editor note: check develops_from
synonym: "mandibular process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence]
synonym: "mandibular swelling" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EHDAA2:0001061 ! mandibular process
xref: EHDAA:5871 ! mandibular process
xref: EMAPA:17355 ! mandibular process
is_a: UBERON:0012314 ! embryonic facial prominence
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000166 ! oral opening
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007237 ! 1st arch mandibular component
xref: ncithesaurus:Mandibular_Prominence ! Mandibular Prominence
synonym: "prominentia mandibularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mandibular_prominence]
xref: UMLS:C1512982

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005868 ! maxillary prominence
name: maxillary prominence
def: "Continuous with the dorsal end of the mandibular arch, and growing forward from its cephalic border, is a triangular process, the maxillary process (or maxillary prominence), the ventral extremity of which is separated from the mandibular arch by a '>' shaped notch. The maxillary process forms the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and in it are ossified the zygomatic bone and the greater part of the maxilla; it meets with the lateral nasal process, from which, however, it is separated for a time by a groove, the naso-optic furrow, that extends from the furrow encircling the eyeball to the olfactory pit. The maxillary processes ultimately fuse with the lateral nasal and globular processes, and form the lateral parts of the upper lip and the posterior boundaries of the nares. It is innervated by the maxillary nerve." [Wikipedia:Maxillary_prominence]
synonym: "maxillary process" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001070]
xref: EHDAA2:0001070 ! maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:17359 ! maxillary process
xref: EHDAA:5877 ! maxillary process
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005869 ! maxillary process of inferior nasal concha
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007238 ! 1st arch maxillary component
xref: ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Prominence ! Maxillary Prominence
xref: SCTID:346355001 ! maxillary process of embryo
synonym: "maxillary process of embryo" EXACT []
synonym: "embryonic maxillary process" EXACT []
synonym: "prominentia maxilaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Maxillary_prominence]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray48.png
xref: UMLS:C1513037

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004071
name: cerebellum emboliform nucleus
def: "the small wedge shaped nucleus interposed between the dentate and fastigial nuclei; it receives axons from Purkinje cells of the intermediate area of the cerebral hemispheres and most of its efferent connections travel via the superior cerebellar peduncle" [MP:0009981]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
xref: SCTID:279222003 ! Entire cerebellar emboliform nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004072
name: cerebellum globose nucleus
def: "the two or three small masses of gray matter that is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus; it receives axons from the intermediate area of the cerebellar hemispheres and its afferents exit through the superior cerebellar peduncle; it is recognized in human cerebellum but is not distinguishable in all mammalian species" [MP:0009982]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
xref: SCTID:279223008 ! Entire cerebellar globose nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004073
name: cerebellum interpositus nucleus
def: "the nucelus composed of the globose and emoliform nuclei of the cerebellum; in some mammalian species the globose nucleus is not distinguishable" [MP:0009984]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005293 ! cerebellum lobe
name: cerebellum lobe
synonym: "lobe of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:242392]
synonym: "cerebellar lobe" EXACT [FMA:242392]
synonym: "lobe parts of the cerebellar cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1076]
xref: MA:0002963 ! cerebellum lobe
xref: FMA:242392 ! Lobe of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1076 ! Lobe parts of the cerebellar cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex
xref: SCTID:263971006 ! Entire cerebellar lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003012
name: flocculonodular lobe
def: "The flocculonodular lobe is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus. It is closely associated with the vestibulocerebellum. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flocculonodular_lobe]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "flocculonodular lobe" EXACT [FMA:72253]
synonym: "posterior lobe-2 of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72253]
synonym: "cerebellum flocculonodular lobe" EXACT [MA:0002965]
synonym: "flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72253]
xref: FMA:72253 ! Flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_904 ! Flocculonodular lobe
xref: MA:0002965 ! cerebellum flocculonodular lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png/200px-CerebellumDiv.png
xref: EV:0100297 ! flocculonodular lobe
is_a: UBERON:0005293 ! cerebellum lobe
synonym: "lobus flocculonodularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72253]
xref: SCTID:279361008 ! Entire flocculonodular lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004002 ! cerebellum posterior lobe
name: cerebellum posterior lobe
def: "the region of the cerebellum that is posterior to the primary fissure and anterior to the posteriolateral fissure" [MP:0009962]
synonym: "posterior lobe of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebrocerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72252]
synonym: "middle lobe-1 of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72252]
synonym: "posterior cerebellar lobe" EXACT [FMA:72252]
synonym: "posterior lobe-1 of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72252]
synonym: "posterior lobe of the cerebellum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_911]
xref: FMA:72252 ! Posterior lobe of cerebellum
xref: MA:0002964 ! cerebellum posterior lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_911 ! posterior lobe of the cerebellum
is_a: UBERON:0005293 ! cerebellum lobe
xref: SCTID:279360009 ! Entire posterior cerebellar lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002131 ! anterior lobe of cerebellum
name: anterior lobe of cerebellum
def: "The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception. In alcoholics, it can deteriorate. It is sometimes equated to the 'paleocerebellum'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_lobe_of_cerebellum]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior lobe of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior cerebellar lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "cerebellum anterior lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior lobe of the cerebellum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1118]
xref: FMA:72251 ! Anterior lobe of cerebellum
xref: MA:0000991 ! cerebellum anterior lobe
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1118 ! Anterior lobe of the cerebellum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/CerebellumRegions.jpg/200px-CerebellumRegions.jpg
xref: EV:0100295 ! anterior lobe of the cerebellum
is_a: UBERON:0005293 ! cerebellum lobe
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019230 {source="Wikipedia"} ! proprioception
xref: SCTID:279359004 ! Entire anterior cerebellar lobe
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/CerebellumRegions.jpg
xref: VHOG:0001598 ! cerebellum anterior lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004720 ! cerebellar vermis
name: cerebellar vermis
def: "Part of the structure of animal brains, the cerebellar vermis is a narrow, wormlike structure between the hemispheres of the cerebellum." [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis]
synonym: "vermis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis]
synonym: "vermis of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:76928]
synonym: "cerebellum vermis" EXACT [FMA:76928]
synonym: "vermis of cerebellum [i-x]" EXACT [FMA:76928]
synonym: "vermal parts of the cerebellum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1175]
synonym: "vermal regions" EXACT [ABA:VERM]
xref: MA:0000202 ! cerebellar vermis
xref: FMA:76928 ! Vermis of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1175 ! Vermal parts of the cerebellum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png/200px-CerebellumDiv.png
xref: EV:0100298 ! vermis
xref: ABA:VERM ! Vermal regions
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellar cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
synonym: "vermis cerebelli [i-x]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76928]
xref: ncithesaurus:Vermis ! Vermis
xref: SCTID:279105006 ! Entire cerebellar vermis
synonym: "vermis cerebelli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png
xref: UMLS:C0228482

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003941
name: cerebellum anterior vermis
def: "the anterior portion of the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum that is located anterior to the primary fissure" [MP:0000867]
synonym: "vermis of anterior lobe of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72255]
synonym: "anterior cerebellum vermis" EXACT [MA:0002969]
synonym: "anterior vermis of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72255]
synonym: "part of vermal region" EXACT [FMA:72255]
synonym: "vermis of anterior lobe" EXACT [FMA:72255]
xref: FMA:72255 ! Vermis of anterior lobe of cerebellum
xref: MA:0002969 ! anterior cerebellum vermis
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1185 ! Vermis of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum
is_a: UBERON:0004720 ! cerebellar vermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002131 ! anterior lobe of cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004009
name: cerebellum posterior vermis
def: "the posterior portion of the narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum that is located posterior to the primary fissure" [MP:0000869]
synonym: "vermis of posterior lobe of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "vermis of posterior lobe" EXACT [FMA:72259]
synonym: "vermis of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081240]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081240 ! Vermis of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum
xref: MA:0002970 ! posterior cerebellum vermis
xref: FMA:72259 ! Vermis of posterior lobe of cerebellum
is_a: UBERON:0004720 ! cerebellar vermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004002 ! cerebellum posterior lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004004 ! cerebellum lobule
name: cerebellum lobule
def: "one of the the ten gyri of the cerebellar cortex" [MP:0009964]
synonym: "lobular parts of the cerebellar cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1084]
xref: MA:0002966 ! cerebellum lobule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1084 ! Lobular parts of the cerebellar cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002946 ! regional part of cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002129 ! cerebellar cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004003
name: cerebellum hemisphere lobule
def: "the region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in either of the lateral sections of the cerebellum outside the vermis; in mammals, the vermis portion of the cerebellum has a foliation pattern along the AP axis that is distinct from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres" [MP:0009963]
comment: TODO - define as a region overlapping
synonym: "cerebellar hemisphere lobule" EXACT []
synonym: "lobule of hemisphere of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83880]
synonym: "lobule of cerebellar hemisphere" EXACT [FMA:83880]
xref: FMA:83880 ! Lobule of hemisphere of cerebellum
xref: MA:0002967 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
intersection_of: UBERON:0004004 ! cerebellum lobule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002245 ! hemisphere of cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003021 ! central lobule
name: central lobule
def: "The central lobule is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the ala lobuli centralis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Central_lobule]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central lobule of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72519]
synonym: "central lobule of cerebellum [II and III]" EXACT [FMA:72519]
xref: FMA:72519 ! central lobule [SYNONYM: "central lobule of cerebellum" (exact)] [SYNONYM: "central lobule of cerebellum [ii and iii]" (exact)] [regional_part_of: "vermis of anterior lobe of cerebellum"] [subclass: "lobule of hemisphere of cerebellum"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_920 ! Central lobule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gray703.png/200px-Gray703.png
xref: ABA:CENT ! Central lobule
is_a: UBERON:0004003 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004077 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule IV
synonym: "lobulus centralis cerebelli [ii et iii]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72519]
xref: SCTID:279383007 ! Entire central lobule of cerebellum
synonym: "lobulus centralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Central_lobule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Gray703.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004070
name: cerebellum vermis lobule
def: "the region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in the central section of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres; in humans, vermis lobule regions may be nearly continuous with the cerebellar hemisphere lobules dorsally but are separated by deeper longitudinal fissues in the ventral regions; in mammals, the vermis portion of the cerebellum has a foliation pattern along the AP axis that is distinct from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres" [MP:0009957]
comment: TODO - define as a region overlapping
xref: MA:0002968 ! cerebellum vermis lobule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081223  ! Regional Parts of the Vermal Lobules
intersection_of: UBERON:0004004 ! cerebellum lobule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004720 ! cerebellar vermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004074
name: cerebellum vermis lobule I
def: "." [MP:0009988]
comment: TODO FMA:61904 lingual gyrus FMA:71032 lingula gyrus (lg)
synonym: "lingula" RELATED [MA:0000998]
synonym: "neuraxis lingula" EXACT []
synonym: "lingula of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "lobule I of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "lingula of anterior cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "lingula (I)" EXACT [ABA:LING]
xref: MA:0000998 ! cerebellum vermis lobule I [SYNONYM: "lingula" (related)] [part_of: "anterior cerebellum vermis"] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: FMA:83884 ! lingula of cerebellum [SYNONYM: "neuraxis lingula" (exact)] [regional_part_of: "vermis of anterior lobe of cerebellum"] [subclass: "segment of cerebellum"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_932 ! Lingula [SYNONYM: "lingula" (exact)] [subclass: "Lobular parts of the cerebellar cortex"]
xref: ABA:LING ! Lingula (I)
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003941 ! cerebellum anterior vermis
xref: SCTID:77232000 ! Lingula of cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004075
name: cerebellum vermis lobule II
def: "." [MP:0009989]
comment: central vs alar central? II and III? part_of CENT in ABA
synonym: "vermic lobule II" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081225]
synonym: "central lobule" BROAD [MA:0000999]
synonym: "central lobule of cerebellum" BROAD []
synonym: "lobule II of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "lobule II" EXACT [ABA:CENT2]
xref: ABA:CENT2 ! Lobule II
xref: MA:0000999 ! cerebellum vermis lobule II [SYNONYM: "central lobule" (related)] [part_of: "anterior cerebellum vermis"] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081225 ! Vermic Lobule II
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003941 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum anterior vermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003021 {source="ABA"} ! central lobule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004076
name: cerebellum vermis lobule III
def: "." [MP:0009990]
comment: II or III?
synonym: "central lobule" BROAD [MA:0001000]
synonym: "central lobule of cerebellum" BROAD []
synonym: "lobule III of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "lobule III" EXACT [ABA:CENT3]
xref: MA:0001000 ! cerebellum vermis lobule III [SYNONYM: "central lobule" (related)] [part_of: "anterior cerebellum vermis"] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081226 ! Vermic Lobule III
xref: ABA:CENT3 ! Lobule III
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003941 ! cerebellum anterior vermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003021 {source="ABA"} ! central lobule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007763 ! cerebellum culmen
name: cerebellum culmen
comment: ABA splits culmen into IV and V and IV-V
synonym: "neuraxis culmen" EXACT  [FMA:83886]
xref: FMA:83886 ! culmen of cerebellum
xref: ABA:CUL ! Culmen
xref: SCTID:279384001 ! Entire culmen
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_926 ! Culmen [SYNONYM: "culmen" (exact)] [subclass: "Lobular parts of the cerebellar cortex"]
xref: SCTID:89649002 ! Structure of culmen
synonym: "culmen" BROAD [MA:0001001, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_926]
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003941 {source="FMA"} ! cerebellum anterior vermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004077
name: cerebellum vermis lobule IV
def: "The culmen is the portion of the anterior vermis adjacent to the primary fissure of cerebellum. The culmen and the anterior parts of the quadrangular lobules form the lobus culminis[WP]." [MP:0009991, Wikipedia:Culmen_(cerebellum)]
synonym: "culmen of cerebellum" BROAD []
synonym: "neuraxis culmen" BROAD [FMA:83886]
synonym: "lobule IV of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001001 ! cerebellum vermis lobule IV [SYNONYM: "culmen" (related)] [part_of: "anterior cerebellum vermis"] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081227 ! Vermic Lobule IV
xref: ABA:CUL4 ! Lobule IV
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007763 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellum culmen
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003021 {source="ABA"} ! central lobule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004079
name: cerebellum vermis lobule V
def: "." [MP:0009993]
synonym: "lobule V of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "culmen" BROAD [MA:0001002]
synonym: "culmen of cerebellum" BROAD []
synonym: "neuraxis culmen" BROAD [FMA:83886]
synonym: "lobule V" EXACT [ABA:CUL5]
xref: MA:0001002 ! cerebellum vermis lobule V [SYNONYM: "culmen" (related)] [part_of: "anterior cerebellum vermis"] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081228 ! Vermic Lobule V
xref: ABA:CUL5 ! Lobule V
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007763 {source="ABA"} ! cerebellum culmen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004080
name: cerebellum vermis lobule VI
alt_id: UBERON:0000909
alt_id: UBERON:Declive-MA_0001003
def: "." [MP:0009994]
synonym: "lobule VI of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "declive" BROAD [MA:0001003]
synonym: "neuraxis declive" EXACT [FMA:83887]
synonym: "declive of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "declive of vermis of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "vermic lobule vi" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081229]
synonym: "declive (VI)" EXACT [ABA:DEC]
xref: MA:0001003 ! cerebellum vermis lobule VI [SYNONYM: "declive" (related)] [part_of: "posterior cerebellum vermis"] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: FMA:83887 ! declive of cerebellum [SYNONYM: "neuraxis declive" (exact)] [regional_part_of: "vermis of posterior lobe of cerebellum"] [regional_part_of: "simple lobule of cerebellum"] [subclass: "segment of cerebellum"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081229 ! Vermic Lobule VI
xref: ABA:DEC ! Declive (VI)
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004009 ! cerebellum posterior vermis
xref: SCTID:279385000 ! Entire cerebellar declive

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004081 ! cerebellum vermis lobule VII
name: cerebellum vermis lobule VII
def: "The folium vermis is a short, narrow, concealed band at the posterior extremity of the vermis, consisting apparently of a single folium, but in reality marked on its upper and under surfaces by secondary fissures. Laterally, it expands in either hemisphere into a considerable lobule, the superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules), which occupies the posterior third of the upper surface of the hemisphere, and is bounded below by the horizontal sulcus. The superior semilunar lobules and the folium vermis form the lobus semilunaris." [MP:0009995, Wikipedia:Folium_(vermis)]
comment: check MA, MP, FMA, folium?
synonym: "vermic lobule VII" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081230]
synonym: "lobule VII of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "folium" BROAD [MA:0001004]
synonym: "folium lobule" NARROW [MP:0009995]
synonym: "neuraxis folium" EXACT [FMA:83889]
synonym: "folium of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "folium of vermis of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "folium-tuber vermis (VII)" EXACT [ABA:FOTU]
xref: MA:0001004 ! cerebellum vermis lobule VII [SYNONYM: "folium" (related)] [part_of: "posterior cerebellum vermis"] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: FMA:83889 ! folium of vermis of cerebellum [SYNONYM: "neuraxis folium" (exact)] [regional_part_of: "vermis of posterior lobe of cerebellum"] [subclass: "segment of cerebellum"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081230 ! Vermic Lobule VII
xref: ABA:FOTU ! Folium-tuber vermis (VII)
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004009 ! cerebellum posterior vermis
xref: SCTID:369044003 ! Entire cerebellar folium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005345
name: cerebellum vermis lobule VIIa
def: "." [MP:0009998]
synonym: "vermic lobule VIIA" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081231]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081231 ! Vermic Lobule VIIA
is_a: UBERON:0004081 {source="NIF"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule VII

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005346
name: cerebellum vermis lobule VIIb
def: "." [MP:0009999]
is_a: UBERON:0004081 {source="NIF"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule VII

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004082
name: cerebellum vermis lobule VIII
alt_id: UBERON:0002312
def: "." [MP:0009996]
synonym: "pyramis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081233]
synonym: "vermic lobule VIII" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081233]
synonym: "lobule VIII of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "pyramus" BROAD [MA:0001005]
synonym: "neuraxis pyramus" EXACT []
synonym: "pyramus of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "pyramus of vermis of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83888]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule VIII" EXACT []
synonym: "neuraxis pyramis" EXACT []
synonym: "pyramus" RELATED []
synonym: "pyramis of vermis of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83888]
synonym: "pyramus (VIII)" EXACT [ABA:PYR]
xref: FMA:83888 ! Pyramis of vermis of cerebellum
xref: MA:0001005 ! cerebellum vermis lobule VIII [SYNONYM: "pyramus" (related)] [part_of: "posterior cerebellum vermis"] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081233 ! Vermic Lobule VIII
xref: ABA:PYR ! Pyramus (VIII)
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004009 ! cerebellum posterior vermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004078
name: cerebellum vermis lobule IX
def: "." [MP:0009992]
synonym: "uvula [vermis]" EXACT []
synonym: "neuraxis uvula" EXACT [FMA:83883]
synonym: "uvula of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83883]
synonym: "uvula of vermis of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "lobule IX of cerebellar posterior vermis" EXACT [PMID:2022820]
synonym: "cerebellar posterior vermis lobule IX" EXACT [PMID:2022820]
synonym: "vermic lobule IX" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081234]
synonym: "lobule IX of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "uvula (IX)" EXACT [ABA:UVU]
xref: MA:0001006 ! cerebellum vermis lobule IX
xref: FMA:83883 ! uvula of vermis of cerebellum [SYNONYM: "neuraxis uvula" (exact)]  [regional_part_of: "vermis of posterior lobe of cerebellum"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081234 ! Vermic Lobule IX
xref: ABA:UVU ! Uvula (IX)
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004083
name: cerebellum vermis lobule X
def: "." [MP:0009997]
synonym: "lobule X of cerebellum vermis" EXACT []
synonym: "nodulus" BROAD [MA:0001007]
synonym: "neuraxis nodulus" EXACT []
synonym: "nodulus of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "nodulus of vermis of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "nodulus (X)" EXACT [ABA:NOD]
xref: MA:0001007 ! cerebellum vermis lobule X [SYNONYM: "nodulus" (related)] [subclass: "cerebellum vermis lobule"]
xref: FMA:83882 ! nodulus of cerebellum [SYNONYM: "neuraxis nodulus" (exact)] [regional_part_of: "flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum"] [regional_part_of: "vermis of posterior lobe of cerebellum"] [subclass: "segment of cerebellum"]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1165 ! Nodulus [SYNONYM: "nodulus" (exact)] [subclass: "Regional part of a lobe of the cerebellum"]
xref: ABA:NOD ! Nodulus (X)
is_a: UBERON:0004070 {source="MA"} ! cerebellum vermis lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002311
name: obsolete nodulus of cerebellum
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0004083 ! cerebellum vermis lobule X

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011810
name: collection of feathers
synonym: "plumage" EXACT []
synonym: "feather coat" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0000022 ! feather
def: "An anatomical cluster that composed_primarily_of a feather." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010164
name: collection of hairs
synonym: "hairs" EXACT  [FMA:70752]
synonym: "hairs set" EXACT  [FMA:70752]
synonym: "pili" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of hairs" EXACT [FMA:70752]
xref: FMA:70752 ! set of hairs
intersection_of: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0001037 ! strand of hair
def: "An anatomical cluster that composed_primarily_of a strand of hair." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010165
name: collection of hair on face
synonym: "facial hairs set" EXACT  [FMA:70741]
synonym: "facial hair" RELATED  []
synonym: "set of facial hairs" EXACT [FMA:70741]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010164 ! collection of hairs
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0010171 ! hair of face
subset: phenotype_rcn
xref: FMA:70741 ! set of facial hairs
def: "A collection of hairs that is part of a face." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010171 ! strand of hair of face
name: strand of hair of face
synonym: "face hair strand" EXACT  []
synonym: "face hair" EXACT  [FMA:54360]
synonym: "facial hair" RELATED  [FMA:54360]
synonym: "hair of face" EXACT [FMA:54360]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001037 ! strand of hair
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
xref: FMA:54360 ! hair of face
xref: SCTID:368910000 ! Entire hair of face
def: "A strand of hair that is part of a face." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010166 ! coat of hair
name: coat of hair
def: "." [Wikipedia:Coat_(animal)]
synonym: "coat" BROAD []
synonym: "pelt" RELATED []
synonym: "coat pelt" RELATED []
synonym: "pelage" RELATED []
synonym: "fur coat" NARROW []
synonym: "wooly coat" NARROW []
synonym: "hair coat" EXACT []
synonym: "set of coat hairs" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0010164 ! collection of hairs
subset: phenotype_rcn
xref: ncithesaurus:Coat_Pelt ! coat

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010514
name: strand of duvet hair
def: "A strand of hair from the fine underhair of the coat" [MP:0000408]
comment: AO notes - not a pelage hair in MA, but is in MP
is_a: UBERON:0001037 {source="MA"} ! strand of hair
xref: MA:0001895 ! duvet hair
synonym: "duvet hair" EXACT [MA:0001895]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010509
name: strand of pelage hair
intersection_of: UBERON:0001037 ! strand of hair
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010166 ! coat of hair
xref: MA:0001897 ! pelage hair
synonym: "pelage hair" EXACT [MA:0001897]
def: "A strand of hair that is part of a coat of hair." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010510
name: strand of auchene hair
def: "A truncal hair that has a single constriction and bend about midway along the hair shaft, and contains two or more air cells in the medulla" [MP:0000405]
is_a: UBERON:0010509 {source="MA"} ! pelage hair
xref: MA:0001893 ! auchene hair
synonym: "auchene hair" EXACT [MA:0001893]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010511
name: strand of awl hair
def: "A truncal hairs that is straight, but shorter than a guard hair, and contain two or more air cells in the medulla" [MP:0000400, Wikipedia:Awn_hair]
is_a: UBERON:0010509 {source="MA"} ! pelage hair
xref: MA:0001894 ! awl hair
synonym: "awl hair" EXACT [MA:0001894]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010512
name: strand of guard hair
def: "A long, straight truncal hair that contains two air cells in the medulla[MP]. A strand of hair from the top layer consisting of longer, often coarser, straight shafts of hair that stick out through the underfur. This is usually the visible layer for most mammals and contains most of the pigmentation. It protects the underfur from outside factors, such as rain, and is thus often water-repellent." [Wikipedia:Guard_hair, MP:0006365]
is_a: UBERON:0010509 {source="MA"} ! pelage hair
xref: MA:0001896 ! guard hair
synonym: "guard hair" EXACT [MA:0001896]
synonym: "guardhair" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010513
name: strand of zigzag hair
def: "A truncal hair that has two or more sharp bends with diameter constrictions at the bends, and contain one air cell in the medulla." [MP:0006366]
is_a: UBERON:0010509 {source="MA"} ! pelage hair
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: MA:0001898 ! zigzag hair
synonym: "zigzag hair" EXACT [MA:0001898]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013196
name: strand of wool
synonym: "wool" RELATED  [MESH:A13.970]
is_a: UBERON:0010509 ! pelage hair
xref: MESH:A13.970 ! wool

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010167
name: beard
def: "the collection of hair that grows on the chin, cheeks and neck of human beings. Usually, only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards. However, women with hirsutism may develop a beard. When differentiating between upper and lower facial hair, a beard specifically includes the moustache, which refers to hair above the upper lip and around it." [Wikipedia:Beard]
is_a: UBERON:0010165 {source="FMA"} ! collection of hair on face
subset: phenotype_rcn
xref: FMA:54240 ! beard
xref: SCTID:256924005 ! Entire beard

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010163
name: eyebrow
def: "The eyebrow is an area of thick, delicate hairs above the eye that follows the shape of the lower margin of the brow ridges. Their main function is to protect the eye, but they are also important to human communication and facial expression. It is not uncommon for people to modify their eyebrows by means of hair addition or removal, make up, or piercings." [Wikipedia:Eyebrow]
comment: AO notes: in ncit, this is an "eye appendage"
is_a: UBERON:0010165 {source="FMA"} ! collection of hair on face
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004088 ! ocular region
subset: phenotype_rcn
xref: FMA:54237 ! eyebrow
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.420.338 ! eyebrow
xref: ncithesaurus:Eyebrow ! Eyebrow
synonym: "supercilium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Eyebrow]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Eyes_chris.jpg
xref: SCTID:265781000 ! Entire eyebrow
xref: UMLS:C0015420

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010168
name: collection of eyelashes
synonym: "cilia" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "eyelashes" EXACT  [FMA:70742]
synonym: "eyelashes set" EXACT  [FMA:70742]
synonym: "set of eyelashes" EXACT [FMA:70742]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010165 ! collection of hair on face
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001702 ! eyelash
xref: FMA:70742 ! set of eyelashes
xref: SCTID:367575006 ! Entire eyelashes
def: "A collection of hair on face that is part of a eyelash." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010169
name: moustache
def: "facial hair grown on the outer surface of the upper lip. It may or may not be accompanied by a type of beard, a facial hair style grown and cropped to cover most of the lower half of the face." [Wikipedia:Moustache]
synonym: "mustache" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0010165 {source="FMA"} ! collection of hair on face
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004089 ! midface
subset: phenotype_rcn
xref: FMA:59652 ! moustache
xref: SCTID:256925006 ! Mustache

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001711
name: eyelid
def: "An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eyeball. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to 'open' the eye. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily. The human eyelid features a row of eyelashes which serve to heighten the protection of the eye from dust and foreign debris, as well as from perspiration. 'Palpebral' (and 'blepharo') means relating to the eyelids. Its key function is to regularly spread the tears and other secretion on the eye surface to keep it moist, since the cornea must be continuously moist. They keep the eyes from drying out when asleep. Moreover, the blink reflex protects the eye from foreign bodies. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Eyelid, Wikipedia:Eyelid]
comment: Each eyelid consists of the following layers, starting anteriorly: (1) skin, (2) a layer of subcutaneous connective tissue, (3) a layer of striated muscle fibres of the orbicularis muscle, (4) a layer of submuscular connective tissue, (5) a fibrous layer, including the tarsal plates, (6) a layer of smooth muscle, (7) the palpebral conjunctiva. AO notes: FMA divides this into skin, fascia, conjunctiva. Consider adding 'eye surface', like MA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "blepharon" EXACT []
synonym: "blephara" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "palpebra" EXACT []
synonym: "palpebrae" RELATED PLURAL []
xref: EHDAA:9037 ! eyelid
xref: FMA:54437 ! Eyelid
xref: GAID:72 ! eyelid
xref: VHOG:0000016 ! eyelid
xref: MA:0000268 ! eyelid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Eyelid ! Eyelid
xref: BTO:0002241 ! eyelid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! eyelid
xref: EHDAA2:0000487 ! eyelid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg/200px-Eye_makeup.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17829 ! eyelid
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.420.504 ! eyelid
xref: EV:0100338 ! eyelid
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part      
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 {source="multiple"} ! camera-type eye
relationship: capable_of GO:0060082 ! eye blink reflex
xref: SCTID:265782007 ! Entire eyelid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg
property_value: has_relational_adjective "palpebral" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0015426

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001712
name: upper eyelid
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "superior eyelid" EXACT []
xref: FMA:54439 ! Upper eyelid
xref: VHOG:0000389 ! upper eyelid
xref: MA:0001267 ! upper eyelid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg4ohJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Eyelid ! Upper Eyelid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg4ohJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! upper eyelid
xref: EHDAA2:0002115 ! upper eyelid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg/200px-Eye_makeup.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17834 ! upper of eyelid
xref: EHDAA:9047 ! upper of eyelid
is_a: UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
synonym: "palpebra superior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54439]
xref: SCTID:244499008 ! Entire upper eyelid
property_value: homology_notes "A tetrapod's eye usually has one or more eyelids that can move across its surface and protect and cleanse it. The eye of lissamphibians has a stationary upper eyelid but a movable and transparent lower one.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000389", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.431", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0585636

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001713
name: lower eyelid
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior eyelid" EXACT []
xref: FMA:54442 ! Lower eyelid
xref: VHOG:0000388 ! lower eyelid
xref: MA:0001263 ! lower eyelid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvW6GtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: XAO:0000007 ! lower eyelid
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Eyelid ! Lower Eyelid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvW6GtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! lower eyelid
xref: EHDAA2:0001015 ! lower eyelid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg/200px-Eye_makeup.jpg
xref: EMAPA:17831 ! lower of eyelid
xref: EHDAA:9041 ! lower of eyelid
is_a: UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
synonym: "palpebra inferior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54442]
xref: AAO:0010349 ! lower eyelid
xref: SCTID:362528002 ! Entire lower eyelid
property_value: homology_notes "A tetrapod's eye usually has one or more eyelids that can move across its surface and protect and cleanse it. The eye of lissamphibians has a stationary upper eyelid but a movable and transparent lower one.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000388", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.431", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0229258

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010207 ! nictitating membrane
name: nictitating membrane
def: "A fold of the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva in many animals. At rest, it is hidden in the medial canthus. It can extend to cover part or all of the cornea to help clean the cornea." [MESH:A13.660, Wikipedia:Nictitating_membrane]
comment: Taxon notes: Some reptiles, birds, and sharks have full nictitating membranes; in many mammals, a small, vestigial portion of the membrane remains in the corner of the eye. Some mammals, such as camels, polar bears, seals, and aardvarks, have full nictitating membranes[WP]. Editor notes: We exclude the shark structure for this via a taxon constraint.
synonym: "third eyelid" EXACT  [MESH:A13.660]
synonym: "nictitans" EXACT [http://tolweb.org/Amniota]
is_a: UBERON:0001711 ! eyelid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001811 ! conjunctiva
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 ! Amniota
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Homo sapiens
xref: MESH:A13.660 ! nictitating membrane
xref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chickenblinking.jpg
xref: ncithesaurus:Nictitating_Membrane ! nictitating membrane
xref: UMLS:C0028058

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010310
name: nictitating membrane lamina
synonym: "cartilago intercipiens" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
comment: Taxon notes: these laminae may consist of purely hyaline cartilage (cats and horses) or may be heavily invested with elastic fibers (dogs, pigs, and cows; Schlegel et al., 2001)
def: "thin cartilage element that stiffens the nictitating membrane." [PMID:16496288]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010207 ! nictitating membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010209
name: plica semilunaris of conjunctiva
def: "The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye. It is loose, so that eye movements are not restricted. It is considered a vestigial organ." [Wikipedia:Plica_semilunaris_of_conjunctiva]
synonym: "plica semilunaris of the conjunctiva" RELATED [Wikipedia:Plica_semilunaris_of_conjunctiva]
synonym: "plica semilunaris (conjunctiva)" EXACT  [FMA:59045]
synonym: "semilunar fold of conjunctiva" EXACT  [FMA:59045]
is_a: UBERON:0005160 {source="Wikipedia"} ! vestigial structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001811 {source="FMA"} ! conjunctiva
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0010207 {source="Wikipedia"} ! nictitating membrane
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
xref: FMA:59045 ! plica semilunaris of conjunctiva
xref: SCTID:280686009 ! Entire semilunar fold of conjunctiva
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gray1205.png/250px-Gray1205.png
synonym: "plica semilunaris conjunctivae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Plica_semilunaris_of_conjunctiva]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Gray1205.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010515
name: brille
def: "layer of transparent, immovable disc-shaped skin or scale covering the eyes of some animals for protection, especially in animals without eyelids. The brille has evolved from a fusion of the upper and lower eyelids." [Wikipedia:Brille]
comment: Taxon notes: In snakes, there is no eyelid and the brille is clear and cannot be distinguished except when the animal is becoming ready for ecdysis. At that time, it becomes cloudy and is visible as a cover over the eye. When the snake moults, the brille is also shed as part of its skin. The Brilles protect their eyes from dust and dirt and gives them a "glassy-eyed" blank appearance Snakes, flap-footed lizards, night lizards, and some skinks have brilles. All geckos except those in the subfamily Eublepharinae (eyelid geckos) possess brilles. Fish also have transparent eyelids called adipose eyelids.
synonym: "ocular scale" RELATED []
synonym: "eye cap" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32561 ! Sauria

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004089 ! midface
name: midface
def: "the middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]." [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/midface, HP:0000309]
comment: editors note: this class is currently a union of the snout (e.g. in mouse), the midface and the lower face. Note that in MA, snout includes the whole jaw and should thus be more alike the lower face than the midface, so its placement here is not strictly accurate. In future we might introduce specific classes for each of these, and include the full parthood relationships. if this is done, then care should be taken to preserve inferences such as an abnormality of the lower face being an abnormality of the midface.
synonym: "lower face" RELATED []
synonym: "midface/lower face" RELATED []
synonym: "snout" RELATED SENSU [MA:0001910]
xref: MA:0001910 ! snout (also: UBERON:0006333 'snout')
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
property_value: has_relational_adjective "midfacial" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004092
name: hypothalamus-pituitary axis
def: "." [HP:0000864]
is_a: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949 ! endocrine system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010891
name: pectoral complex muscle
def: "A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: the MA class belongs here, based on its current child classes
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010708 ! pectoral complex
synonym: "upper limb muscle" NARROW INCONSISTENT [FMA:9621]
synonym: "muscle of upper limb" NARROW INCONSISTENT [FMA:9621]
synonym: "muscle of pectoral girdle and limb" RELATED []
synonym: "muscle of pectoral girdle and wing" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles" EXACT [AAO:0010687]
xref: AAO:0010687 ! pectoral girdle and fore limb muscles
xref: FMA:9621 ! muscle of upper limb
xref: MA:0000615 ! forelimb muscle
property_value: external_definition "Muscles of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand (brachium, antebrachium, manus respectively).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010687", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003662
name: forelimb muscle
synonym: "wing muscle" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
alt_id: UBERON:0005634
comment: AO notes: FMA and MA class actually refer to muscles of entire pectoral complex
synonym: "wing muscle" NARROW SENSU [Geisha:syn, NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "arm muscle system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000141]
synonym: "musculature of arm" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "musculature of the arm" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "muscle of upper limb" EXACT [FMA:9621]
synonym: "fore limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of free upper limb" EXACT [FMA:37348]
xref: BTO:0000479 ! forelimb muscle
xref: AAO:0000204 ! forelimb_muscles
xref: FMA:37348 ! muscle of free upper limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
synonym: "free upper limb muscle" EXACT [FMA:37348]
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001499
name: muscle of arm
def: "A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm'
synonym: "arm muscle" EXACT [MA:0000594]
synonym: "arm muscle system" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000141]
synonym: "upper arm / lower arm muscle" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle of upper arm or lower arm" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0000594 ! arm muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000141 ! arm muscle system
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004254
name: forelimb zeugopod muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing zeugopod muscle" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of forearm" EXACT [FMA:37371]
synonym: "lower arm muscle" EXACT [MA:0000600]
synonym: "forearm muscle" EXACT [FMA:37371]
xref: MA:0000600 ! lower arm muscle
xref: FMA:37371 ! muscle of forearm
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! forelimb zeugopod
xref: SCTID:181631004 ! Entire muscle of forearm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004255
name: forelimb stylopod muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing stylopod muscle" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor notes: the FMA class "muscle of arm" belongs here, do not move. See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm'
synonym: "muscle of upper arm" EXACT [MA:0000606]
synonym: "upper arm muscle" EXACT [MA:0000606]
synonym: "muscle of arm" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:37370]
xref: MA:0000606 ! upper arm muscle
xref: FMA:37370 ! Muscle of arm
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003822 ! upper arm
xref: SCTID:244979005 ! Entire muscle of upper arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004095
name: corticospinal tract
def: "The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. The corticospinal tract mostly contains motor axons. It actually consists of two separate tracts in the spinal cord: the lateral corticospinal tract and the medial corticospinal tract. An understanding of these tracts leads to an understanding of why for the most part, one side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain. Also the corticobulbar tract is considered to be a pyramidal tract. The corticobulbar tract carries signals that control motor neurons located in cranial nerve brain nuclei rather than motor neurons located in the spinal cord. The neurons of the pyramidal tracts are pyramidal neurons, but that is not how the pyramidal tract got its name, as most of the pyramidal neurons send their axons elsewhere. Instead, it got its name from the shape of the corticospinal axon tracts: when the pyramidal tract passes the medulla, it forms a dense bundle of nerve fibres that is shaped somewhat like a pyramid. [WP,unvetted]." [HP:0002492, Wikipedia:Corticospinal_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gray684.png/200px-Gray684.png
xref: BM:CST ! corticospinal tract
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002707 ! pyramidal tract
synonym: "tractus corticospinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Corticospinal_tract]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Gray684.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004096
name: odontoid process of cervical vertebra 2
alt_id: UBERON:0005210
def: "The toothlike process on the upper surface of the axis, which articulates with the atlas above[GAID]." [GAID:238, HP:0003310, Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Dens_(anatomy)]
comment: TODO check AAO:0000721 odontoid_process -- Anterior process located between the atlantal cotyles that projects into the foramen magnum of the skull and bears facets that articulate with the lateral walls of the foramen
synonym: "dens of axis" EXACT [FMA:24043]
synonym: "axis dens" EXACT [FMA:24043]
synonym: "odontoid process" EXACT [FMA:24043]
synonym: "odontoid process of axis" EXACT [FMA:24043]
synonym: "odontoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Dens_(anatomy)]
synonym: "dens" EXACT [EMAPA:26535]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 2 odontoid process" EXACT [MA:0002872]
synonym: "axis odontoid process" EXACT [MA:0002872]
xref: EMAPA:26535 ! odontoid process
xref: GAID:238 ! odontoid process
xref: FMA:24043 ! dens of axis
xref: MA:0002872 ! cervical vertebra 2 odontoid process
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwIYGoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! odontoid process
xref: AAO:0000721 ! odontoid process
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.151.383.668 ! odontoid process
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! cervical vertebra 2
xref: ncithesaurus:Odontoid_Process ! Odontoid Process
xref: SCTID:181899003 ! Entire odontoid process of axis
property_value: external_definition "Anterior process located between the atlantal cotyles that projects into the foramen magnum of the skull and bears facets that articulate with the lateral walls of the foramen.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000721", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}
xref: UMLS:C0028881

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004097
name: obsolete renin-aldosterone axis
def: "." [HP:0003350]
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004098
name: tibial plateaux
def: "." [HP:0003832]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004100
name: renal collecting system
def: "The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone." [HP:0004742, Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system]
synonym: "collecting duct system" EXACT [Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system]
synonym: "kidney collecting duct system" EXACT [Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
synonym: "tubulus renalis colligens" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png
xref: SCTID:279371005 ! Renal collecting system structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004101
name: nasolabial region
def: "." [HP:0005289]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004103
name: alveolar ridge
def: "one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_ridge, HP:0006477]
comment: note that in BTO, this is part of an embryo
synonym: "alveolar margin" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar bone" EXACT [MP:0004189]
synonym: "alveolar body" EXACT [MP:0004189]
synonym: "alveolar process" EXACT [GAID:215]
xref: BTO:0001383 ! alveolar bone
xref: GAID:215 ! alveolar process
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.125 ! alveolar process
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0008969 {source="PMID:19767574", source="Wikipedia"} ! dental follicle
xref: SCTID:245790000 ! Entire alveolar ridge
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Ridge ! alveolar ridge
xref: UMLS:C0447411

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004527
name: alveolar process of maxilla
alt_id: UBERON:0001696
def: "thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible. The mineral content of alveolar bone is mostly hydroxyapatite, which is also found in enamel as the main inorganic substance[WP]." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_process]
synonym: "alveolar ridge of maxilla" EXACT []
synonym: "lower alveolar ridge" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior alveolar ridge" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar margin of maxilla" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar part of maxilla" EXACT []
synonym: "maxilla alveolar process" EXACT []
synonym: "processus alveolaris (maxilla)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:52897 ! Alveolar process of maxilla
xref: MA:0001492 ! maxilla alveolar process
intersection_of: UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla
xref: SCTID:245795005 ! Entire lower alveolar ridge
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Gray157.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004528
name: alveolar ridge of mandible
def: "The alveolar part of mandible is the part of the mandible, adjacent to the teeth, containing the dental alveolus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_part_of_mandible]
synonym: "alveolar margin of mandible" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar part of mandible" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior alveolar ridge" EXACT []
synonym: "upper alveolar ridge" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar process of mandible" EXACT [FMA:52832]
synonym: "pars alveolaris (mandibula)" EXACT [FMA:52832]
xref: FMA:52832 ! Alveolar part of mandible
intersection_of: UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
xref: SCTID:245791001 ! Entire upper alveolar ridge
synonym: "pars alveolaris mandibulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Alveolar_part_of_mandible]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Mandibule.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005871 ! palatine process of maxilla
name: palatine process of maxilla
def: "The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. It forms a considerable part of the floor of the nose and the roof of the mouth and is much thicker in front than behind. Its inferior surface is concave, rough and uneven, and forms, with the palatine process of the opposite bone, the anterior three-fourths of the hard palate. It is perforated by numerous foramina for the passage of the nutrient vessels; is channelled at the back part of its lateral border by a groove, sometimes a canal, for the transmission of the descending palatine vessels and the anterior palatine nerve from the spheno-palatine ganglion; and presents little depressions for the lodgement of the palatine glands. When the two maxillae are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. In this opening the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. Occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. On the under surface of the palatine process, a delicate linear suture, well seen in young skulls, may sometimes be noticed extending lateralward and forward on either side from the incisive foramen to the interval between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth. The small part in front of this suture constitutes the premaxilla (os incisivum), which in most vertebrates forms an independent bone; it includes the whole thickness of the alveolus, the corresponding part of the floor of the nose and the anterior nasal spine, and contains the sockets of the incisor teeth. The upper surface of the palatine process is concave from side to side, smooth, and forms the greater part of the floor of the nasal cavity. It presents, close to its medial margin, the upper orifice of the incisive canal. The lateral border of the process is incorporated with the rest of the bone. The medial border is thicker in front than behind, and is raised above into a ridge, the nasal crest, which, with the corresponding ridge of the opposite bone, forms a groove for the reception of the vomer. The front part of this ridge rises to a considerable height, and is named the incisor crest; it is prolonged forward into a sharp process, which forms, together with a similar process of the opposite bone, the anterior nasal spine. The posterior border is serrated for articulation with the horizontal part of the palatine bone." [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
synonym: "palatal process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
synonym: "palatine process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
synonym: "processus palatinus (maxilla)" EXACT [FMA:52896]
synonym: "processus palatinus ossis maxillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
synonym: "processus palatinus maxillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
xref: FMA:52896 ! palatine process of maxilla
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012074 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! bony part of hard palate
xref: SCTID:368870009 ! Entire palatine process of maxilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Gray160.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004104
name: hairline
def: "." [HP:0009553]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001037 ! hair
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004106
name: crus of ear
def: "horizontal piece of cartilage located outside the ear canal that divides the upper and lower parts of the ear." [HP:0009895]
synonym: "crus of helical part of auricular cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "crus of helix" EXACT [FMA:61024]
xref: FMA:61024 ! Crus of helical part of auricular cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001848 ! auricular cartilage
synonym: "crus helicis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61024]
xref: ncithesaurus:Crus_Helicis ! Crus Helicis
xref: SCTID:362547004 ! Entire crus of helix
xref: UMLS:C0229319

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004108
name: clivus of occipital bone
def: "Part of the cranium, the clivus is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellC& that slopes obliquely backward. It forms a gradual sloping process at the anterior most portion of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone. On axial planes, it sits just posterior to the sphenoid sinuses. Just lateral to the clivus bilaterally is the foramen lacerum which contains the internal carotid artery, proximal to its anastamosis with the Circle of Willis. Posterior to the clivus is the basilar artery. The clivus supports the upper part of the pons." [HP:0010558, Wikipedia:Clivus_%28anatomy%29]
comment: The clivus is an important landmark for checking for anatomical atlanto-occipital alignment; the clivus, when viewed on a lateral C-spine X-ray, forms a line which, if extended, is known as Wackenheim's clivus line. Wackenheim's clivus line should pass through the dens of the axis or be tangential to it. Editor note: check relationships.
xref: ncithesaurus:Clivus ! Clivus
xref: FMA:75747 ! clivus of occipital bone
synonym: "clivus" EXACT [HP:0010558]
synonym: "occipital bone clivus" EXACT  [FMA:75747]
synonym: "Wackenheim's clivus line" RELATED [Wikipedia:Clivus_%28anatomy%29]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 {source="FMA"} ! occipital bone
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001677 {source="Wikipedia"} ! sphenoid bone
relationship: located_in UBERON:0008788 {source="HP:0010558"} ! posterior cranial fossa
xref: SCTID:361736007 ! Entire clivus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Clivus.png
xref: UMLS:C0222724


[Term]
id: UBERON:0005808 ! bone tissue of long bone
name: bone tissue of long bone
xref: FMA:83117 ! bone tissue of long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
xref: SCTID:425475006 ! Bone tissue of long bone
def: "A bone tissue that is part of a long bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004109
name: cortex of humerus
def: "." [HP:0010629]
synonym: "cortex of the humerus" EXACT []
synonym: "compact bone of humerus" EXACT [FMA:31542]
synonym: "humerus compact bone" EXACT []
synonym: "humerus cortical bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:31542 ! compact bone of humerus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005809
name: cortex of manus bone
def: "." [HP:0005926]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005897 ! manus bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004112
name: muscle of middle ear
def: "A muscle of head that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: check tympanic cavity vs middle ear. the same for muscles? Consider merging with muscle of auditory ossicle. Extent in MA/NCITA is stapedius and tensor tympani
synonym: "muscle of tympanic cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "tympanic cavity muscle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000256 ! tympanic cavity muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_of_the_Tympanum ! muscle of the tympanum
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
intersection_of: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0004114 ! tympanic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear
xref: UMLS:C1513769

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004113
name: muscle of auditory ossicle
def: "A muscle of head that attaches_to a auditory ossicle." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Extent in FMA/SCTID is stapedius and tensor tympani. Consider merging with tympanic cavity muscle
synonym: "muscle of auditory ossicles" EXACT [FMA:49026]
synonym: "auditory ossicles muscle" EXACT [FMA:49026]
synonym: "ossicular muscle" EXACT [FMA:49026]
xref: FMA:49026 ! Muscle of auditory ossicles
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
intersection_of: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear
xref: SCTID:244778009 ! Entire ossicular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011859
name: internal acoustic meatus
def: "The internal auditory meatus (also internal acoustic meatus, internal auditory canal, and internal acoustic canal) is a canal in the petrous bone of the temporal bone of the skull that carries nerves from inside the cranium towards the middle and inner ear compartments namely cranial nerve VII and cranial nerve VIII." [Wikipedia:Internal_auditory_meatus]
comment: Alternate def: The internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus ) is an opening on the medial surface of the petrous temporal bone. It is through this passageway that the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) pass to reach their sites of innervation. The vestibulocochlear nerve divides at the internal acoustic meatus to continue as separate vestibular and cochlear components. [MURDOCH:908]
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 {source="MP"} ! internal ear
synonym: "internal acoustic canal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Internal_auditory_meatus]
synonym: "internal acoustic meatus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Internal_auditory_meatus]
synonym: "internal auditory canal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Internal_auditory_meatus]
synonym: "internal auditory meatus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Internal_auditory_meatus]
synonym: "porus acusticus internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Internal_auditory_meatus]
xref: Wikipedia:Internal_auditory_meatus ! internal auditory meatus
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Auditory_Canal_of_Ear ! internal auditory canal
xref: FMA:53163 ! internal acoustic meatus
xref: SCTID:264484004 ! Internal auditory meatus
xref: UMLS:C0149591

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001352
name: external acoustic meatus
def: "A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter." [Wikipedia:External_acoustic_meatus]
comment: AO notes: subdivision of head in FMA. Editor note: consider revisiting superclass after refinement of CARO/EAO, conduit may not be quite correct. Development notes: tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane[PMID 11237469]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auditory canal" EXACT []
synonym: "ear canal" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ear_canal]
synonym: "external auditory canal" EXACT []
synonym: "external auditory meatus" RELATED []
synonym: "external acoustic tube" EXACT [FMA:61734]
synonym: "external auditory tube" EXACT [FMA:61734]
synonym: "auditory meatus" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000460]
xref: EHDAA:8975 ! external auditory meatus
xref: FMA:61734 ! external acoustic tube
xref: galen:ExternalAuditoryMeatus
xref: VHOG:0000977 ! external auditory meatus
xref: MA:0000260 ! external acoustic meatus
xref: GAID:864 ! ear canal
xref: FMA:61734 ! External acoustic tube
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Acoustic_Meatus ! External Acoustic Meatus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvli-nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! external auditory canal
xref: EHDAA2:0000460 ! auditory meatus
xref: EMAPA:17588 ! auditory meatus
xref: MESH:A09.246.272.396 ! ear canal
xref: EV:0100356 ! external acoustic meatus
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 {source="FMA"} ! external ear
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005872 {source="PMID:11237469"} ! 1st arch pharyngeal cleft
relationship: has_function_in GO:0055127 ! vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0010065 {source="EHDAA2"} ! auditory meatus epithelium
xref: SCTID:181178004 ! Entire external auditory canal
xref: UMLS:C0013444

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010065
name: auditory meatus epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial tube
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005872 {source="EHDAA2", source="PMID:16313389"} ! 1st arch pharyngeal cleft
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ear
xref: EHDAA2:0004114 ! auditory meatus epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002364
name: tympanic membrane
def: "A thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear, consisting of two epithelia (one part of the the external accoustic meatus epithelium, the other part of the tympanic cavity epithelium) with a fibrous layer between them. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles. Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tympanic_membrane, PMID:11237469]
comment: most AOs consider this part of the middle ear, so we go with this and place it in the middle ear as a border to the external, although it could be considered to overlap the external ear in that it has an EAM layer as part - for this reason we do not consider middle and external ear to be spatially disjoint. Development notes: The tympanic membrane (TM) has three layers, two epithelia provided by the external acoustic meatus (EAM) and the MEC, derived respectively from the first pharyngeal cleft and pouch, and a mesenchymally derived fibrous stratum[PMID:11237469]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ear drum" EXACT []
synonym: "eardrum" EXACT []
synonym: "myrinx" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral wall of tympanic cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "membranous wall of tympanic cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "Rivinus' membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "tympanum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tympanic_membrane]
xref: FMA:9595 ! Tympanic membrane
xref: GAID:870 ! tympanic membrane
xref: VHOG:0001146 ! tympanic membrane
xref: MA:0000257 ! tympanic membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Tympanic_Membrane ! Tympanic Membrane
xref: MESH:A09.246.397.873 ! tympanic membrane
xref: XAO:0000212 ! tympanum
xref: EV:0100358 ! tympanum (also: UBERON:0004114 'tympanic cavity')
is_a: UBERON:0000094 {source="FMA"} ! membrane organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="MA"} ! middle ear
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001691 {source="cjm"} ! external ear
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004114 {source="cjm"} ! tympanic cavity
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001352 ! external acoustic meatus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009213 {source="Wikipedia"} ! 1st pharyngeal membrane
relationship: has_part UBERON:0005042 ! inner epithelial layer of tympanic membrane
relationship: has_part UBERON:0010069 ! outer epithelial layer of tympanic membrane
relationship: has_part UBERON:0010070 ! intermediate layer of tympanic membrane
synonym: "paries membranaceus cavi tympani" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9595]
xref: SCTID:181180005 ! Entire tympanic membrane
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "The thin membrane which closes externally the cavity of the middle ear and is deeply sited at the bottom of the external auditory meatus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001146", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In particular, a tympanic membrane was not present in the earliest tetrapods (...). An ear utilizing a tympanic membrane evolved independently at least three times in tetrapods: (1) in the lineage that leads to anurans (frogs), (2) in the line of evolution to turtles and diapsids, and (3) in the late synapsid lineage that gave rise to mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001146", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.418", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0041445

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010071
name: layer of tympanic membrane
comment: In mammals, this class groups together the two epithelial layers plus the intermediate fibrous layer
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "tympanic membrane layer" EXACT  [FMA:56732]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002364 ! tympanic membrane
xref: FMA:56732 ! layer of tympanic membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009647
name: tympanic membrane epithelium
def: "One of the two epithelia which make up the tympanic membrane (along with the fibrous layer)" [PMID:11237469, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "tympanic epithelium" EXACT [MA:0001224]
synonym: "tympanic membrane epithelial layer" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0010071 ! layer of tympanic membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002364 ! tympanic membrane
xref: MA:0001224 ! tympanic epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Tympanic_Epithelium ! Tympanic Epithelium
xref: SCTID:70839004 ! Epithelial layer of tympanic membrane
xref: UMLS:C1711401

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010069
name: outer epithelial layer of tympanic membrane
def: "A portion of the external acoustic meatus epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane" [PMID:11237469, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "cuticular stratum of tympanic membrane" EXACT  [FMA:56819]
synonym: "outer cuticular layer of tympanic membrane" EXACT  [FMA:56819]
synonym: "outer layer of tympanic membrane" EXACT  []
synonym: "tympanic membrane external acoustic meatus epithelial component" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009647 ! tympanic membrane epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001352 ! external acoustic meatus
xref: FMA:56819 ! Cuticular layer of tympanic membrane
xref: SCTID:39725007 ! Outer epithelial layer of tympanic membrane
synonym: "cuticular layer of tympanic membrane" EXACT [FMA:56819]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010070
name: intermediate layer of tympanic membrane
def: "The intermediate fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane." [PMID:11237469, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3468783&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: AO notes: check MA
synonym: "connective tissue layer of tympanic membrane" EXACT  [FMA:56830]
synonym: "fibrous stratum of tympanic membrane" EXACT  [FMA:56830]
synonym: "intermediate fibrous layer of tympanic membrane" EXACT  [FMA:56830]
is_a: UBERON:0010071 {source="FMA"} ! layer of tympanic membrane
xref: FMA:56830 ! fibrous layer of tympanic membrane
synonym: "fibrous layer of tympanic membrane" EXACT [FMA:56830]
xref: MA:0001223 ! tympanic endothelium
xref: SCTID:44692008 ! Connective tissue layer of tympanic membrane
disjoint_from: UBERON:0009647 ! tympanic membrane epithelium
synonym: "tympanic endothelium" EXACT [MA:0001223]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005042
name: inner epithelial layer of tympanic membrane
def: "A portion of the tympanic cavity epithelium which makes up the outer (cuticular) layer of the tympanic membrane" [PMID:11237469, UBERON:cjm]
comment: AO notes: in FMA this is classified as a mucosa
synonym: "mucous layer of tympanic membrane" EXACT [FMA:56844]
synonym: "mucous stratum of tympanic membrane" EXACT [FMA:56844]
synonym: "mucosa of tympanic membrane" EXACT [FMA:56844]
synonym: "tympanic membrane external middle ear cavity epithelial component" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:56844 ! mucosa of tympanic membrane
synonym: "mucosa of tympanic membrane" EXACT [FMA:56844]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009647 ! tympanic membrane epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010063 ! tympanic cavity epithelium
xref: SCTID:36411006 ! Inner epithelial layer of tympanic membrane
synonym: "tympanic membrane mucosa" EXACT [FMA:56844]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010063 ! tympanic cavity epithelium
name: tympanic cavity epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: located_in UBERON:0004114 ! tympanic cavity
relationship: develops_from_part_of UBERON:0010020 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tubotympanic recess epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="EHDAA2"} ! middle ear
xref: EHDAA2:0004116 ! tympanic cavity epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004114 ! tympanic cavity
name: tympanic cavity
def: "small cavity surrounding the bones of the middle ear." [Wikipedia:Tympanic_cavity]
synonym: "anatomical cavity of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle-ear cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tympanum" RELATED [BTO:0002098]
synonym: "cavitas tympani" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Tympanic_cavity]
xref: FMA:56461 ! tympanic cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png
xref: BTO:0002098 ! tympanum
xref: EV:0100358 ! tympanum (also: UBERON:0002364 'tympanic membrane')
xref: SCTID:362551002 ! Entire tympanic cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0004119 ! tympanic cavity lumen
is_a: UBERON:0010064 {source="EHDAA2"} ! open anatomical space
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0005625 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tubotympanic recess
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0010063 ! tympanic cavity epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gray923.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002393 ! pharyngotympanic tube
name: pharyngotympanic tube
def: "Organ with organ cavity which connects the cavity of the middle ear to the cavity of the pharynx. Examples: There are only two pharyngotympanic tubes, the right and the left pharyngotympanic tubes.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Eustachian_tube, FMA:FMA]
comment: Editor notes: we follow FMA in making this an organ, but include a separate class for the part that is epithelium, which is equivalent to the EHDAA2 structure. From this we infer the developmental relationship
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auditory tube" EXACT [MA:0000255]
synonym: "eustachian tube" RELATED []
synonym: "internal auditory tube" EXACT []
synonym: "tuba pharyngotympanica" RELATED LATIN []
synonym: "tuba auditiva" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9705]
synonym: "tuba auditoria" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9705]
xref: FMA:9705 ! Pharyngotympanic tube
xref: GAID:869 ! eustachian tube
xref: VHOG:0001145 ! auditory tube
xref: MA:0000255 ! auditory tube
xref: XAO:0000213 ! auditory tube
xref: AAO:0011016 ! auditory tube
xref: AAO:0000146 ! eustachian canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Eustachian_Tube ! Eustachian Tube
xref: EMAPA:17601 ! pharyngo-tympanic tube
xref: EV:0100359 ! auditory tube
is_a: UBERON:0000062 {source="FMA"} ! organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010020 {source="UBERON:0010062"} ! tubotympanic recess epithelium
relationship: has_part UBERON:0010062 ! pharyngotympanic tube epithelium
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "tuba auditiva; tuba auditoria; tuba auditivea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Eustachian_tube]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Ear-anatomy-text-small-en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Furrow on the ventral surface of the otic capsule, and occasionally also the parasphenoid, that houses the Eustachian tube.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000146", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000146", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "The narrow channel connecting the nasopharynx and the middle ear. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001145", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/auditory+tube", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tympanic cavity and auditory tube of an amniote develop from the first embryonic pharyngeal pouch, so they are homologous to the first gill pouch, or spiracle, of a fish. We are uncertain whether this homology strictly applies to the middle ear cavity and auditory tube of lissamphibians, which show certain peculiarities in their development.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001145", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.417", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0015183

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010062 ! pharyngotympanic tube epithelium
name: pharyngotympanic tube epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial tube
relationship: develops_from_part_of UBERON:0010020 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tubotympanic recess epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002393 {source="cjm"} ! pharyngotympanic tube
synonym: "auditory tube epithelium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004117]
synonym: "eustachian tube epithelium" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EHDAA2:0004117 ! auditory tube epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009692
name: lumen of pharyngotympanic tube
comment: Editors note: Check relationships for conformance with AAO and XAO
synonym: "lumen of auditory tube" EXACT  [FMA:60079]
synonym: "lumen of eustachian tube" EXACT  [FMA:60079]
synonym: "pharyngotympanic tube lumen" EXACT  [FMA:60079]
is_a: UBERON:0005082 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tube lumen
intersection_of: UBERON:0002558 ! organ cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002393 ! pharyngotympanic tube
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0005625 {source="EHDAA2/Kardong"} ! tubotympanic recess
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0010062 {source="cjm"} ! pharyngotympanic tube epithelium
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0010060 ! pharyngeal opening of pharyngotympanic tube
xref: FMA:60079 ! lumen of pharyngotympanic tube
xref: EHDAA2:0004118 ! auditory tube lumen
synonym: "auditory tube lumen" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004118]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010060 ! pharyngeal opening of pharyngotympanic tube
name: pharyngeal opening of pharyngotympanic tube
def: "On the lateral wall of the nasal part of the pharynx is the pharyngeal opening of auditory tube (pharyngeal ostium), somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_opening_of_auditory_tube]
synonym: "pharyngeal ostium" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_opening_of_auditory_tube]
synonym: "ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ostium pharyngeum tubae auditoriae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "pharyngeal opening of auditory tube" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
synonym: "pharyngeal opening of eustachian tube" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
synonym: "pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
synonym: "pharyngeal orifice of eustachian tube" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
synonym: "pharyngeal orifice of pharyngotympanic tube" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
synonym: "pharyngeal ostium of auditory tube" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
synonym: "pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
synonym: "pharyngeal ostium of pharyngotympanic tube" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
synonym: "pharyngeal tubal ostium" EXACT  [FMA:54979]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0010061 ! lumen of nasopharynx
xref: FMA:54979 ! pharyngeal opening of pharyngotympanic tube
synonym: "ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_opening_of_auditory_tube]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Gray1029.png
xref: SCTID:368945008 ! Entire pharyngeal ostium of Eustachian tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013526
name: otocyst lumen
is_a: UBERON:0007473 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lumen of epithelial sac
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006273 {source="EHDAA2"} ! otic pit
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003051 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ear vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003051 ! ear vesicle
xref: EHDAA2:0004121 ! otocyst lumen
xref: EMAPA:25363 ! lumen of otocyst
synonym: "lumen of otocyst" EXACT [EMAPA:25363]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010061 ! lumen of nasopharynx
name: lumen of nasopharynx
synonym: "nasopharynx lumen" EXACT  [FMA:55094]
synonym: "nasopharynx cavity" EXACT  []
synonym: "nasopharyngeal luman" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001728 ! nasopharynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001731 ! cavity of pharynx
xref: FMA:55094 ! lumen of nasopharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007354
name: cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
def: "The cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube, about 24 mm. in length, is formed of a triangular plate of elastic fibrocartilage, the apex of which is attached to the margin of the medial end of the osseous portion of the tube, while its base lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal orifice of the tube. The upper edge of the cartilage is curled upon itself, being bent laterally so as to present on transverse section the appearance of a hook; a groove or furrow is thus produced, which is open below and laterally, and this part of the canal is completed by fibrous membrane. The cartilage lies in a groove between the petrous part of the temporal and the great wing of the sphenoid; this groove ends opposite the middle of the medial pterygoid plate. The cartilaginous and bony portions of the tube are not in the same plane, the former inclining downward a little more than the latter. The diameter of the tube is not uniform throughout, being greatest at the pharyngeal orifice, least at the junction of the bony and cartilaginous portions, and again increased toward the tympanic cavity; the narrowest part of the tube is termed the isthmus. The position and relations of the pharyngeal orifice are described with the nasal part of the pharynx. The mucous membrane of the tube is continuous in front with that of the nasal part of the pharynx, and behind with that of the tympanic cavity; it is covered with ciliated epithelium and is thin in the osseous portion, while in the cartilaginous portion it contains many mucous glands and near the pharyngeal orifice a considerable amount of adenoid tissue, which has been named by Gerlach the tube tonsil. The tube is opened during deglutition by the Salpingopharyngeus and Dilatator tubC&. The latter arises from the hook of the cartilage and from the membranous part of the tube, and blends below with the Tensor veli palatini." [Wikipedia:Cartilage_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
synonym: "cartilage of auditory tube" EXACT  [FMA:60096]
synonym: "cartilage of eustachian tube" EXACT  [FMA:60096]
synonym: "pharyngotympanic tube cartilage" EXACT  [FMA:60096]
xref: FMA:60096 ! cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002393 ! pharyngotympanic tube
synonym: "cartilago tubae auditivae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:60096]
synonym: "cartilago tubae auditoriae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:60096]
synonym: "cartilago tubae auditivae; cartilago tubae auditoriae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cartilage_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Gray915.png
xref: SCTID:362565000 ! Entire cartilage of Eustachian tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007355
name: bony part of pharyngotympanic tube
def: "The bony part of pharyngotympanic tube is about 12 mm. in length. It begins in the carotid wall of the tympanic cavity, below the septum canalis musculotubarii, and, gradually narrowing, ends at the angle of junction of the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone, its extremity presenting a jagged margin which serves for the attachment of the cartilaginous portion." [Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
synonym: "osseous portion" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
synonym: "bony part of auditory tube" EXACT  [FMA:60057]
synonym: "bony part of eustachian tube" EXACT  [FMA:60057]
synonym: "osseous portion of eustachian tube" EXACT  [FMA:60057]
synonym: "pars ossea (tuba auditiva)" EXACT  [FMA:60057]
synonym: "pars ossea (tuba auditoria)" EXACT  [FMA:60057]
xref: FMA:60057 ! bony part of pharyngotympanic tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002393 ! pharyngotympanic tube
synonym: "pars ossea tubae auditivae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Gray911.png
xref: SCTID:362563007 ! Entire osseous portion of Eustachian tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010020 ! tubotympanic recess epithelium
name: tubotympanic recess epithelium
def: "The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity." [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Tubotympanic_recess]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="MA"} ! middle ear
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007122 {source="EHDAA2", source="ISBN10:0073040584", source="PMID:11237469"} ! pharyngeal pouch 1
xref: EHDAA2:0004115 ! tubotympanic recess epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005625
name: tubotympanic recess
def: "The cavity formed by the tubotympanic recess epithelium." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor note: we follow EHDAA2 in distinguishing between the cavity and the material entity - the former develops into the middle ear cavity
synonym: "tubotympanic recess lumen" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002095]
synonym: "tubotympanic recess cavity" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001218 ! tubotympanic recess
xref: EHDAA2:0002095 ! tubotympanic recess lumen
xref: EMAPA:17002 ! tubo-tympanic recess
xref: VHOG:0001297 ! tubotympanic recess
xref: EHDAA:6772 ! tubotympanic recess
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 {source="MA"} ! middle ear
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007122 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! pharyngeal pouch 1
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0010020 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tubotympanic recess epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Tubotympanic_Recess ! Tubotympanic Recess
xref: SCTID:361516008 ! Tubotympanic recess
property_value: external_definition "A diverticulum formed by the dorsal portion of the 1st pharyngeal pouch and that forms the middle ear cavity. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.73-74, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001297", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tympanic cavity and auditory tube of an amniote develop from the first embryonic pharyngeal pouch, so they are homologous to the first gill pouch, or spiracle, of a fish. We are uncertain whether this homology strictly applies to the middle ear cavity and auditory tube of lissamphibians, which show certain peculiarities in their development.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001297", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.417", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1284046

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004115
name: blood vessel of tympanic cavity
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tympanic cavity blood vessel" EXACT []
synonym: "middle ear blood vessel" EXACT []
synonym: "anatomical cavity of middle ear blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of anatomical cavity of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of cavity of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of middle ear anatomical cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of middle ear cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of middle ear blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear anatomical cavity blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear cavity blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001219 ! tympanic cavity blood vessel
is_a: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0004114 ! tympanic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004116
name: nerve of tympanic cavity
def: "A nerve that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tympanic cavity nerve" EXACT []
synonym: "anatomical cavity of middle ear nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cavity of middle ear nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear anatomical cavity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear cavity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of anatomical cavity of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of cavity of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle ear anatomical cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle ear cavity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tympanic cavity nerves" EXACT [MA:0001222]
xref: MA:0001222 ! tympanic cavity nerves
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0004114 ! tympanic cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004138
name: somitomeric trunk muscle
def: "The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.[GO]." [GO:0002075]
comment: TODO - find N+S conditions. SMT & develops_from somite is not specific enough (all SMT develops_from somite)
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002329 ! somite

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007100 ! circulatory organ
name: circulatory organ
def: "A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood[GO]." [GO:0007507]
comment: editor note: we need to find the appropriate GO process to use for the definition - 'blood circulation' may not apply to invertebrates; 'circulatory system process' is circular. Note we cannot use a part_of-based definition as this results in the iris and all vascular elements being categorized as circulatory organs. Taxon notes: note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. "The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian". Amniotes:  four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis. Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "adult heart" RELATED [FBbt:00003154]
synonym: "heart" NARROW [GO:0007507]
synonym: "heart or heart like organ" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac structure" RELATED []
synonym: "cardiac pump" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal tube" NARROW [Wikipedia:Heart]
xref: FBbt:00003154 ! adult heart
xref: TADS:0000147 ! adult heart
xref: ANISEED:1235302 ! Heart
is_a: UBERON:0003103 ! compound organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001009 ! circulatory system
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7718 {source="PMID:20959416"} ! Ciona
xref: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/313/5795/1922/F1.large.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000948
name: heart
def: "a myogenic muscular organ found in the cardiovascular system. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The vertebrate heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. Primitive fish have a four-chambered heart; however, the chambers are arranged sequentially so that this primitive heart is quite unlike the four-chambered hearts of mammals and birds. The first chamber is the sinus venosus, which collects de-oxygenated blood, from the body, through the hepatic and cardinal veins. From here, blood flows into the atrium and then to the powerful muscular ventricle where the main pumping action takes place. The fourth and final chamber is the conus arteriosus which contains several valves and sends blood to the ventral aorta. The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the dorsal aorta, into the rest of the body. (In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary artery. In the adult fish, the four chambers are not arranged in a straight row but, instead, form an S-shape with the latter two chambers lying above the former two. This relatively simpler pattern is found in cartilaginous fish and in the more primitive ray-finned fish. In teleosts, the conus arteriosus is very small and can more accurately be described as part of the aorta rather than of the heart proper. The conus arteriosus is not present in any amniotes which presumably having been absorbed into the ventricles over the course of evolution. Similarly, while the sinus venosus is present as a vestigial structure in some reptiles and birds, it is otherwise absorbed into the right atrium and is no longer distinguishable[WP]." [Wikipedia:Heart]
comment: note that we use the term 'circulatory organ' for the generic class. Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepi- thelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" doi:10.1101/gad.1485706
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: major_organ
synonym: "chambered heart" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "vertebrate heart" EXACT []
synonym: "branchial heart" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "Herz" RELATED [BTO:0000562]
xref: BILA:0000020
xref: BTO:0000562
xref: EFO:0000815 ! heart
xref: EHDAA:420 ! heart
xref: FMA:7088 ! Heart
xref: GAID:174 ! heart
xref: galen:Heart
xref: VHOG:0000276 ! heart
xref: MA:0000072 ! heart
xref: MAT:0000036 ! heart
xref: MIAA:0000036 ! heart
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000114 ! heart
xref: XAO:0000064 ! heart
xref: ZFA:0000114 ! heart
xref: ncithesaurus:Heart ! Heart
xref: EHDAA2:0000738 ! heart
xref: EMAPA:16105 ! heart
xref: MESH:A07.541 ! heart
xref: EV:0100018 ! heart
xref: AAO:0010210 ! heart
intersection_of: UBERON:0007100 ! circulatory organ
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0004151 ! cardiac chamber
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004141 ! heart tube
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: AAO:0010210 ! heart
xref: SCTID:302509004 ! Entire heart
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010210", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010210", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000114", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: homology_notes "As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000276", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.481", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "cardiac" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0018787

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004140 ! heart field
name: heart field
comment: note that this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138]
def: "a specific region of the lateral mesoderm in which the heart will develop." [GO:0003128]
synonym: "primary heart field" EXACT [XAO:0004185, PMID:17276708]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003081 {source="GO:0003128"} ! lateral plate mesoderm
xref: XAO:0004185 ! primary heart field

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009889 ! secondary heart field
name: secondary heart field
def: "extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract." [PMID:17276708]
comment: Taxon notes: "In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11–14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested" [PMID:17276708]
synonym: "SHF" RELATED  [XAO:0004186]
synonym: "second heart field" EXACT  [XAO:0004186]
synonym: "anterior heart field" EXACT  [PMID:17276708]
synonym: "anterior/second heart field" EXACT  [Geisha:syn, NCBITaxon:8782]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0004140 {source="PMID:17276708"} ! heart field
relationship: dorsal_to UBERON:0004140 {source="PMID:17276708"} ! heart field
xref: XAO:0004186 ! secondary heart field

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009751
name: cardiac mesenchyme
def: "the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures" [MP:0011264]
comment: Editor note: decide whether to merge with cardiac mesoderm. Check start/end stages
xref: EHDAA2:0004162 ! heart mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical cluster
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007005 ! cardiac mesoderm
name: cardiac mesoderm
def: "the splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/cardiogenic-mesoderm.html, XAO:0000235]
comment: consider FBbt:00005541 ! cardiogenic mesoderm
synonym: "heart primordia" RELATED [XAO:0000235]
synonym: "cardiogenic mesoderm" RELATED [http://www.drugs.com/dict/cardiogenic-mesoderm.html]
xref: EHDAA:385 ! cardiogenic
xref: BILA:0000051 ! cardiac mesoderm
xref: XAO:0000235 ! cardiac mesoderm
xref: VHOG:0001641 ! cardiac mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004140 ! heart field
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009881 ! anterior lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004872 ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0009881 ! anterior lateral plate mesoderm
xref: AAO:0011021 ! cardiac mesoderm
xref: SCTID:360387000 ! Cardiogenic mesoderm
xref: EFO:0000315 ! cardiac mesoderm primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003084
name: heart primordium
def: "Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: editor note: should probably be fused with heart rudiment. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fused heart primordium" RELATED []
xref: XAO:0000336 ! fused heart primordium
xref: ZFA:0000028 ! heart primordium
xref: BTO:0001887 ! heart primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="Obol"} ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 {source="ZFA"} ! cardiovascular system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004140 ! heart field
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003081 {source="ZFA"} ! lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007005 {source="XAO"} ! cardiac mesoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Primordium_of_the_Heart ! Primordium of the Heart
xref: AAO:0011044 ! fused heart primordium
xref: TAO:0000028 ! heart primordium
property_value: external_definition "The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011044", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows:  one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally.  The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000028", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000028", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
xref: UMLS:C1514450

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004291
name: heart rudiment
def: "a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube." [GO:0003313]
synonym: "heart cone" EXACT [GO:0003313]
synonym: "rudimentary heart" EXACT [ZFA:0000115]
xref: ZFA:0000115 ! heart rudiment
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003084 {source="ZFA"} ! heart primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004139 ! cardiogenic plate
xref: TAO:0000115 ! heart rudiment
property_value: external_definition "The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf.  Stainier 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000115", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004139 ! cardiogenic plate
name: cardiogenic plate
def: "The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field" [GO:0003142]
comment: TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO
synonym: "heart rudiment" RELATED []
synonym: "cardiogenic crescent" RELATED [GO:0003142]
synonym: "myocardial plate" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000215]
xref: EMAPA:16106 ! cardiogenic plate
xref: VHOG:0000975 ! cardiogenic plate
xref: EHDAA2:0000215 ! myocardial plate
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003084 ! heart primordium
property_value: homology_notes " (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000975", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:15611355 Gittenberger-de Groot AC\, Bartelings MM\, Deruiter MC\, Poelmann RE\, Basics of cardiac development for the understanding of congenital heart malformations. Pediatric Research (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005498 ! primitive heart tube
name: primitive heart tube
def: "Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube." [ZFA:0000149]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0000149 ! primitive heart tube
xref: EHDAA2:0001512 ! primitive heart tube
xref: EMAPA:16215 ! primitive heart tube
xref: EHDAA:436 ! primitive heart tube
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004291 {source="ZFA"} ! heart rudiment
xref: SCTID:361522004 ! Entire primitive heart tube
xref: TAO:0000149 ! primitive heart tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004141 ! heart tube
name: heart tube
def: "Cavitated compound organ that will become the adult heart following looping morphogenesis and valve formation[ZFA]." [GO:0003143, ZFA:0000360]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "embryonic heart tube" RELATED []
synonym: "early primitive heart tube" EXACT [EMAPA:16208]
xref: ZFA:0000360 ! heart tube
xref: EMAPA:16208 ! early primitive heart tube
xref: EHDAA:424 ! early primitive heart tube
xref: EFO:0003526 ! heart tube
xref: XAO:0000337 ! endocardial tube
xref: AAO:0010411 ! endocardial tube
is_a: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="XAO"} ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005498 {source="ZFA"} ! primitive heart tube
xref: TAO:0000360 ! heart tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004292
name: cardiac skeleton
def: "a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart[GO]. structure of dense connective tissue in the heart that separates the atria from the ventricles. It is not a true skeleton, but it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolating the atria from the ventricles. This allows the AV node and AV bundle to delay the wave of depolarisation such that the atria can contract and assist in ventricular filling before the ventricles themselves depolarise and contract (the AV bundle is the only part of the conduction system that passes from the atria to the ventricles in a normal heart). It also allows the valves (bicuspid, tricuspid, semilunar) to keep open by giving them structural support." [Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton]
synonym: "cardiac fibrous skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "heart fibrous skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "fibrous skeleton of heart" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of heart" EXACT [FMA:9496]
xref: FMA:9496 ! fibrous skeleton of heart 
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
synonym: "trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton]
synonym: "trigona fibrosa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton]
synonym: "trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus dexter cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus sinister cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cardiac_skeleton]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray495.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004143
name: membranous septum
def: "The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum." [GO:0003149]
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002094 ! interventricular septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004144
name: muscular septum
def: "The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum" [GO:0003150]
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002094 ! interventricular septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003983
name: conus arteriosus
def: "a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary artery arises[WP]. the anteriosuperior, smooth-walled portion of the cavity of the right ventricle, beginning at the supraventricular crest and terminates in the pulmonary trunk[MP]." [MP:0009464, Wikipedia:Conus_arteriosus]
comment: Terminology notes: we use the term CA for the anterior chamber if it is composed of cardiac muscle, contractile, and contains conal valves internally[Kardong] Taxon notes: Kardong says absent in adult tetrapods, check AAO
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray492.png/200px-Gray492.png
is_a: UBERON:0004151 ! cardiac chamber
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
xref: AAO:0010250 ! conus arteriosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray492.png
property_value: external_definition "Receives blood from the left atrium and becomes the median truncus arteriosus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010250", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004152
name: bulbus arteriosus
def: "The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber[GO]. Multi-tissue structure that consists of three layers and through which the blood exits the heart. The bulbus arteriosus is a pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches[ZFA]." [GO:0003232, PMID:15108157]
comment: Evolution notes: replaces conus arteriosis in cartilaginous fish
synonym: "truncus" EXACT [ZFA:0000173]
xref: ZFA:0000173 ! bulbus arteriosus (also: UBERON:0004706 'bulbus cordis')
xref: EFO:0003505 ! bulbus arteriosus
is_a: UBERON:0004151 ! cardiac chamber
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007287 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive bulbus arteriosus
xref: TAO:0000173 ! bulbus arteriosus (also: UBERON:0004706 'bulbus cordis')
property_value: external_definition "A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000173", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract
name: outflow tract
def: "The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries" [GO:0003151]
synonym: "cardiac outflow tract" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000100 ! outflow tract
xref: EMAPA:16229 ! outflow tract of primitive heart tube
xref: EMAPA:16346 ! outflow tract of heart
xref: VHOG:0000670 ! outflow tract
xref: EHDAA:464 ! outflow tract
xref: EHDAA:798 ! outflow tract
xref: EHDAA2:0001351 ! outflow tract
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: XAO:0004139 ! outflow tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005337
name: outflow tract of ventricle
def: "A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract]
synonym: "outflow part of ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricular outflow tract" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ventricular_outflow_tract]
synonym: "heart ventricle outflow tract" EXACT [MP:0010224]
xref: FMA:13225 ! Outflow part of ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: XAO:0004140 ! ventricular outflow tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005953
name: outflow part of right ventricle
def: "Outflow part of ventricle which is continuous with the pulmonary trunk[FNA]. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery[WP]." [FMA:7216]
synonym: "conus arteriosus (infundibulum)" EXACT [FMA:7216]
synonym: "infundibulum of right ventricle" EXACT [FMA:7216]
synonym: "outflow tract of right ventricle" EXACT [FMA:7216]
synonym: "pulmonary conus" EXACT [FMA:7216]
synonym: "infundibulum" BROAD [Wikipedia:Conus_arteriosus]
synonym: "right ventricular outflow tract" EXACT []
synonym: "RVOT" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7216 ! outflow part of right ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0005337 ! outflow tract of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002333 ! pulmonary trunk
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009889 {source="PMID:17276708"} ! secondary heart field
xref: SCTID:244379003 ! Entire right ventricular outflow tract
xref: ncithesaurus:Infundibulum ! infundibulum
xref: UMLS:C1881209

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005956 ! outflow part of left ventricle
name: outflow part of left ventricle
def: "Outflow part of ventricle which is continuous with the aorta[FMA]. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle[WP]." [FMA:9473]
synonym: "aortic vestibule" EXACT [FMA:9473]
synonym: "left ventricular outflow" EXACT [FMA:9473]
synonym: "outflow tract of left ventricle" EXACT [FMA:9473]
synonym: "left ventricular outflow tract" EXACT [HP:0011103]
synonym: "LVOT" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9473 ! outflow part of left ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0005337 ! outflow tract of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! left ventricle
synonym: "vestibulum aortae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9473]
xref: SCTID:264070001 ! Entire outflow tract of left ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005946
name: outflow tract of atrium
synonym: "outflow part of atrium" EXACT [FMA:14141]
xref: FMA:14141 ! outflow part of atrium
intersection_of: UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
def: "An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005965 ! outflow part of right atrium
name: outflow part of right atrium
def: "Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]" [FMA:9550, FMA:FMA]
synonym: "main part of right atrium" EXACT [FMA:9550]
synonym: "outflow tract of right atrium" EXACT [FMA:9550]
xref: FMA:9550 ! outflow part of right atrium
intersection_of: UBERON:0005946 ! outflow tract of atrium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005966
name: outflow part of left atrium
synonym: "main part of left atrium" EXACT [FMA:9551]
synonym: "outflow tract of left atrium" EXACT [FMA:9551]
xref: FMA:9551 ! outflow part of left atrium
intersection_of: UBERON:0005946 ! outflow tract of atrium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002079 ! left atrium
def: "An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005338
name: outflow tract aortic component
xref: MA:0000101 ! outflow tract aortic component
xref: VHOG:0001394 ! outflow tract aortic component
xref: EHDAA2:0001353 ! outflow tract aortic component 
xref: EMAPA:17329 ! aortic component
intersection_of: UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
def: "An outflow tract that is part of a aorta." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005339
name: outflow tract pulmonary component
xref: MA:0000102 ! outflow tract pulmonary component
xref: EHDAA2:0001359 ! outflow tract pulmonary component
xref: VHOG:0001395 ! outflow tract pulmonary component 
xref: EMAPA:17330 ! pulmonary component
xref: EHDAA:4401 ! pulmonary component of outflow tract of heart
is_a: UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004146
name: His-Purkinje system
def: "The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles" [GO:0003164]
synonym: "distal conduction system" EXACT [ZFA:0005071]
synonym: "His-Purkinji network" EXACT [ZFA:0005071]
synonym: "HPS" EXACT [ZFA:0005071]
xref: ZFA:0005071 ! distal conduction system
is_a: UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart
xref: TAO:0005071 ! distal conduction system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004147
name: cardiac Purkinje fiber
def: "The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle" [GO:0003165]
synonym: "heart Purkinje fiber" RELATED [BTO:0001735]
xref: BTO:0001735 ! cardiac Purkinje fiber
xref: MESH:A07.541.409.683 ! purkinje fiber (also: UBERON:0002354 'purkinje fiber')
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004146 ! His-Purkinje system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001621
name: coronary artery
def: "An artery that supplies the myocardium." [Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation#Coronary_anatomy]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coronary arterial tree" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000290
xref: FMA:49893 ! Coronary artery
xref: galen:CoronaryArtery
xref: MA:0002453 ! coronary artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Coronary_Artery ! Coronary Artery
xref: EFO:0002551 ! coronary artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvoL56ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! coronary artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Gray492.png/200px-Gray492.png
xref: EMAPA:19160 ! coronary artery of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:25968 ! coronary artery of ascending aorta of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EV:0100383 ! coronary artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: SCTID:181294004 ! Entire coronary artery
xref: VHOG:0001557 ! coronary artery
xref: UMLS:C0205042

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004148
name: cardiac vein
def: "Vein of heart" [GOC:Obol]
synonym: "coronary vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Coronary_circulation]
synonym: "heart vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac vein" EXACT [FMA:12846]
xref: galen:CoronaryVein ! coronary vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Coronary_Vein ! Coronary Vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Vein ! cardiac vein
xref: FMA:12846 ! Cardiac vein
is_a: UBERON:0013140 {source="FMA"} ! systemic vein
relationship: drains UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: SCTID:277726009 ! Entire cardiac vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004507 ! cardiac veins
xref: UMLS:C0226654
xref: UMLS:C0226737

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004149
name: ventriculo bulbo valve
def: "A heart valve located between the ventricle and bulbus arteriosus." [GO:0003173]
synonym: "bulboventricular valve" EXACT [ZFA:0001375]
xref: ZFA:0001375 ! ventriculo bulbo valve
is_a: UBERON:0000946 ! cardial valve
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002062 {source="ZFA"} ! endocardial cushion
xref: TAO:0001375 ! ventriculo bulbo valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004150
name: coronary sinus valve
def: "Vestigial cardiac valve which is continuous with the valve of the inferior vena cava[FMA]." [GO:0003178]
comment: todo - development
synonym: "valve of coronary sinus" EXACT []
synonym: "thebesian valve" EXACT []
synonym: "thebesius valve" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9242 ! valve of coronary sinus
is_a: UBERON:0000946 ! cardial valve
xref: SCTID:277723001 ! Entire valve of coronary sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004151 ! cardiac chamber
name: cardiac chamber
def: "A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart" [GO:0003205]
comment: generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus
synonym: "heart chamber" EXACT []
synonym: "chamber of heart" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7095 ! cardiac chamber
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rmexpjPdAEduAAAAOpmP6tw ! heart chamber
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: SCTID:276456008 ! Entire cardiac chamber

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004153
name: ventricular septum intermedium
def: "Endocardial cushions project into the atrial canal, and, meeting in the middle line, unite to form the septum intermedium which divides the canal into two channels, the future right and left atrioventricular orifices[Gray's via WP]." [GO:0003282, Wikipedia:Septum_intermedium]
synonym: "septum intermedium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002094 ! interventricular septum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002062 {source="Wikipedia"} ! endocardial cushion
xref: SCTID:361468003 ! Septum intermedium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray467.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004154
name: septum primum
def: "In the developing heart, the cavity of the primitive atrium becomes subdivided into right and left chambers by a septum, the septum primum, which grows downward into the cavity. The increasingly smaller gap below it (before it fuses with the endocardial cushion) is known as the ostium primum. The septum primum eventually fuses with the endocardial cushion, closing the ostium primum off completely. Meanwhile, perforations appear in the superior part of the septum primum, forming the ostium secundum. This will eventually form part of the fossa ovalis.." [GO:0003284, Wikipedia:Septum_primum]
comment: AO notes: part_of IAS in EHDAA2
synonym: "interatrial septum primum" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001825]
xref: EMAPA:17013 ! septum primum
xref: VHOG:0000020 ! septum primum
xref: FMA:63909 ! Septum primum
xref: EHDAA:1900 ! septum primum
xref: ncithesaurus:Septum_Primum ! Septum Primum
xref: EHDAA2:0001825 ! interatrial septum primum
is_a: UBERON:0002085 ! interatrial septum
xref: SCTID:362017007 ! Entire septum primum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray465.png
property_value: external_definition "The first of the two membranous sheets which partially separate the two atria during embryonic development. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000020", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/interatrial+septum+primum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000020", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225837

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004155
name: septum secundum
def: "." [GO:0003285, Wikipedia:Septum_secondum]
comment: The septum secundum, semilunar in shape, grows downward from the upper wall of the atrium immediately to the right of the primary septum and ostium secundum. Shortly after birth it fuses with the septum primum, and consequently the foramen ovale is closed, but sometimes the fusion is incomplete and the upper part of the foramen remains patent. The limbus fossae ovalis denotes the free margin of the septum secundum.
synonym: "interatrial septum secundum" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001827]
xref: EMAPA:17864 ! septum secundum
xref: VHOG:0000021 ! septum secundum
xref: FMA:63910 ! Septum secundum
xref: EHDAA:3406 ! septum secundum
xref: ncithesaurus:Septum_Secundum ! Septum Secundum
xref: EHDAA2:0001827 ! interatrial septum secundum
is_a: UBERON:0002085 ! interatrial septum
xref: SCTID:308850005 ! Entire septum secundum
property_value: external_definition "The second of the two membranous sheets which partially separate the two atria during embryonic development. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000021", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/interatrial+septum+secundum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000021", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0225838

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004157
name: atrial septum primum
def: "." [GO:0003289]
is_a: UBERON:0002085 ! interatrial septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004158
name: atrial septum secundum
def: "." [GO:0003290]
is_a: UBERON:0002085 ! interatrial septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004159
name: atrial septum intermedium
def: "." [GO:0003291]
is_a: UBERON:0002085 ! interatrial septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004160 ! proepicardium
name: proepicardium
def: "An outpouching of the septum transversum[GO]. An embryonic group of progenitor cells that forms near the venous pole of the heart and gives rise to the epicardium[Wiktionary]" [GO:0003342, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proepicardium]
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004161 ! septum transversum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004161
name: septum transversum
def: "A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]." [Wikipedia:Septum_transversum, VHOG:0000019]
comment: Note that in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum
synonym: "transverse septum" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EMAPA:16318 ! septum transversum
xref: VHOG:0000019 ! septum transversum
xref: EHDAA:736 ! septum transversum
xref: ncithesaurus:Septum_Transversum ! Septum Transversum
xref: EHDAA2:0001829 ! septum transversum
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
xref: SCTID:308819008 ! Entire septum transversum
property_value: external_definition "A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000019", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transverse+septum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000019", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231004

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004162
name: pulmonary myocardium
def: "The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein" [GO:0003350]
is_a: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002016 ! pulmonary vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004164
name: branchiomeric muscle
def: "The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish[GO]." [GO:0014707, Wikipedia:Branchiomeric_musculature]
comment: Note: Kardong uses this term in a different way, including trapezius and mastoid groups
synonym: "branchiomeric skeletal muscle" RELATED [GO:0014707]
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010360 {source="PMID:21610022"} ! pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004166
name: superior reticular formation
comment: check ZFA structures  superior reticular formation  medial column & tegmentum
def: "." [GO:0021729, GO_REF:0000021]
is_a: UBERON:0002275 ! reticular formation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002559 {source="GO"} ! medullary reticular formation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009836
name: fronto-orbital gyrus
synonym: "fronto-orbital gyrus" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1243]
synonym: "orbitofrontal gyrus" EXACT  []
synonym: "orbito-frontal gyrus" EXACT  []
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1243 ! Fronto-orbital gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0007193 {source="NIF"} ! orbital gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004167 ! orbitofrontal cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002799
name: fronto-orbital sulcus
synonym: "fronto-orbital dimple" EXACT [FMA:83768]
synonym: "orbito-frontal sulcus" EXACT [FMA:83768]
synonym: "orbitofrontal sulcus" EXACT [BM:Tel-Cx-OFS]
xref: FMA:83768 ! Fronto-orbital sulcus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1724 ! Fronto-orbital sulcus
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-OFS ! orbitofrontal sulcus (also: UBERON:0002772 'olfactory sulcus')
is_a: UBERON:0008334 {source="FMA"} ! subarachnoid sulcus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004167 ! orbitofrontal cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004167 ! orbitofrontal cortex
name: orbitofrontal cortex
def: "the region of the cerebral cortex covering the basal surface of the frontal lobes; this region normally controls emotion and decision making" [MP:0004170, MGI:csmith, GO:0021769]
synonym: "orbito-frontal cortex" EXACT  []
synonym: "orbital frontal cortex" EXACT  [DHB:OFC, NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1049]
synonym: "fronto-orbital cortex" EXACT  []
comment: note that this is a gyrus in FMA
xref: FMA:242003 ! orbitofrontal cortex
xref: EFO:0001990 ! orbitofrontal cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1049 ! Orbital frontal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! region of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 {source="MP"} ! limbic system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 {source="GO", source="MP"} ! frontal lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008882
name: spinal cord commissure
def: "The nerve fiber tracts that span the midline of the spinal cord" [MP:0009694]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007838
name: spinal cord white commissure
synonym: "white commissure of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:77033]
xref: FMA:77033 ! white commissure of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0001020 {source="FMA"} ! commissure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:423957000 ! Structure of white commissure of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004677
name: spinal cord gray commissure
def: "The gray commissure is a thin strip of gray matter that surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord and, along with the anterior white commissure, connects the two halves of the cord. It comprises lamina X in the Rexed classification." [Wikipedia:Gray_commissure]
synonym: "spinal cord grey commissure" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal cord gray commissure" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2669]
synonym: "gray commissure of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:77036]
xref: FMA:77036 ! gray commissure of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2669 ! Spinal cord gray commissure
xref: SCTID:362427009 ! Entire spinal cord gray commissures
is_a: UBERON:0001020 {notes="check-me"} ! commissure
is_a: UBERON:0002315 {source="FMA"} ! gray matter of spinal cord
synonym: "commissura grisea anaterior medullae spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gray_commissure]
synonym: "commissura grisea posterior medulla spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gray_commissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea_-_English.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004170 ! spinal cord ventral commissure
name: spinal cord ventral commissure
def: "the band of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord ventral to the central canal and posterior grey commissure[MP]. The anterior (or ventral) white commissure, also known as the alba anterior medullae spinalis, is a bundle of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord just anterior to the gray commissure. A N4 fibers and C fibers carrying pain sensation in the spinothalamic tract contribute to this commissure, as do fibers of the anterior corticospinal tract, which carry motor signals from the primary motor cortex[WP]." [GO:0021965, MP:0009695, Wikipedia:Anterior_white_commissure]
synonym: "anterior white commissure" EXACT  [MP:0009695]
synonym: "spinal cord anterior commissure" EXACT  [MP:0009695]
synonym: "ventral spinal commissure" EXACT  [MP:0009695]
synonym: "ventral white column" EXACT  [MP:0009695]
synonym: "white commissure" RELATED  [MP:0009695]
synonym: "anterior commissure" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MP:0009695]
synonym: "anterior white commissure of spinal cord" EXACT  [FMA:77035]
synonym: "ventral white commissure of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:77035]
xref: FMA:77035 ! ventral white commissure of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0007838 {source="FMA"} ! white commissure of spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:White_Commissure ! White Commissure
xref: SCTID:424149007 ! Structure of ventral white commissure of spinal cord
synonym: "commissura alba anterior medullae spinalis, alba anterior medullae spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_white_commissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray664.png
xref: UMLS:C1520137

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007840
name: spinal cord dorsal white commissure
synonym: "posterior white commissure of spinal cord" EXACT  [FMA:77034]
synonym: "dorsal white commissure of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:77034]
xref: FMA:77034 ! dorsal white commissure of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0007838 {source="FMA"} ! white commissure of spinal cord
synonym: "commissura alba posterior medullae spinalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77034]
xref: SCTID:424400007 ! Structure of dorsal white commissure of spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007834
name: lumbar spinal cord ventral commissure
synonym: "lumbar spinal cord anterior commissure" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1326]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1326 ! Lumbar spinal cord ventral commissure
intersection_of: UBERON:0004170 ! spinal cord ventral commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002792 ! lumbar spinal cord
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005850 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! lumbar spinal cord lateral column
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005842 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! lumbar spinal cord dorsal column
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005855 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! lumbar spinal cord ventral column
def: "A spinal cord ventral commissure that is part of a lumbar spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007835
name: sacral spinal cord ventral commissure
synonym: "sacral spinal cord anterior commissure" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1528]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1528 ! Sacral spinal cord ventral commissure
intersection_of: UBERON:0004170 ! spinal cord ventral commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005843 ! sacral spinal cord
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005840 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! sacral spinal cord dorsal column
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005853 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! sacral spinal cord ventral column
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005848 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! sacral spinal cord lateral column
def: "A spinal cord ventral commissure that is part of a sacral spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007836
name: cervical spinal cord ventral commissure
synonym: "cervical spinal cord anterior commissure" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1552]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1552 ! Cervical spinal cord ventral commissure
intersection_of: UBERON:0004170 ! spinal cord ventral commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002726 ! cervical spinal cord
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005854 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! cervical spinal cord ventral column
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005849 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! cervical spinal cord lateral column
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005841 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! cervical spinal cord dorsal column
def: "A spinal cord ventral commissure that is part of a cervical spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007837
name: thoracic spinal cord ventral commissure
synonym: "thoracic spinal cord anterior commissure" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1556]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1556 ! Thoracic spinal cord ventral commissure
intersection_of: UBERON:0004170 ! spinal cord ventral commissure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003038 ! thoracic spinal cord
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005847 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! thoracic spinal cord lateral column
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005839 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! thoracic spinal cord dorsal column
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005852 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! thoracic spinal cord ventral column
def: "A spinal cord ventral commissure that is part of a thoracic spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004171
name: trigeminothalamic tract
def: "the trigeminothalamic tract is one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face" [GO:0021974]
xref: FMA:83852 ! Trigeminothalamic tract
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
relationship: has_function_in GO:0019233 {source="GO"} ! nociception

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004172
name: pons reticulospinal tract
def: "axon tract that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord." [GO:0021975]
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:362404001 ! Entire reticulospinal tract of pons

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004173
name: medulla reticulospinal tract
def: "axon tract that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord[GO]." [GO:0021976]
synonym: "medullary reticulospinal tract" EXACT [FMA:73989]
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: FMA:73989 ! medullary reticulospinal tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004174
name: leg joint
def: "Joint in the leg. For example the knee, which separates the leg tibia and femur" [GO:0035111]
comment: Originally created for consistenct with GO, obsoleted when the GO class was obsoleted as the meaning was unclear
synonym: "joint of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of lower limb" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0003657

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003657
name: limb joint
def: "Any joint that is part of a (free) limb." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "joint of limb" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of limb skeletal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal limb joint" EXACT [GO:0036023]
xref: MA:0000691 ! limb joint
xref: galen:LimbJoint ! limb joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
xref: SCTID:312683002 ! Joint structure of limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011139
name: synovial limb joint
def: "Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses.
synonym: "synovial joint of free limb segment" EXACT [FMA:258776]
is_a: UBERON:0003657 ! limb joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0002217  ! synovial joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
xref: FMA:258776 ! synovial joint of free limb segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004177 ! hemopoietic organ
name: hemopoietic organ
def: "Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system." [GOC:Obol]
comment: note that the FMA class 'lymphoid organ' is a general anatomical term
synonym: "hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ" NARROW []
synonym: "haematological system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "haemopoietic system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hematopoietic system organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of haematological system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of haemopoietic system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of hematopoietic system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ of organa haemopoietica" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organa haemopoietica organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphoid organ" NARROW [BTO:0004605, FMA:7143]
xref: BTO:0004605 ! lymphoid organ
xref: FMA:7143 ! lymphoid organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002390 ! hematopoietic system
subset: organ_slim
xref: SCTID:361338006 ! Entire lymphoid organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004178
name: aorta smooth muscle tissue
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an aorta [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aorta involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aorta non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aorta smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aortic smooth muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001685]
xref: ncithesaurus:Aorta_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! Aorta Smooth Muscle Tissue
xref: MA:0000702 ! aorta smooth muscle
xref: BTO:0001685 ! aortic smooth muscle
xref: EFO:0002775 ! aorta smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
xref: UMLS:C1706825

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004180
name: mammary gland fat
def: "The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts" [GO:0060611]
synonym: "adipose tissue of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adipose tissue of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fat tissue of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fat tissue of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fat tissue of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fat tissue of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fatty tissue of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fatty tissue of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fatty tissue of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fatty tissue of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland adipose tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland fat tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland fatty tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast adipose tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast fat tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast fatty tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland adipose tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland fat tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland fatty tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland adipose tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland fat tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland fatty tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002911 ! mammary gland fat
intersection_of: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004183
name: labyrinthine layer blood vessel
def: "The embryonic vessels grow through the layer to come in close contact with the maternal blood supply" [GO:0060716]
synonym: "blood vessel of labyrinthine layer" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of labyrinthine layer of placenta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of placenta labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "labyrinthine layer of placenta blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "placenta labyrinth blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003946 ! placenta labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004184
name: prostate gland stroma
alt_id: UBERON:0005084
def: "The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland" [GO:0060741]
comment: TODO - check also FMA Stroma of glandular part of prostate
synonym: "prostate stroma" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stroma of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stroma of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stroma of glandular part of prostate" NARROW [FMA:74349, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic stroma" EXACT [FMA:45719]
xref: FMA:45719 ! Prostatic stroma
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Stroma ! Prostatic Stroma
xref: MA:0002912 ! prostate gland stroma
intersection_of: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! prostate
xref: UMLS:C1521760

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004001 ! olfactory bulb layer
name: olfactory bulb layer
def: "." [MP:0009946]
comment: TODO - check isa parentage
synonym: "cytoarchitectural part of olfactory bulb" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090402]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090402 ! Cytoarchitectural part of olfactory bulb 
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002264 ! olfactory bulb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004186
name: olfactory bulb mitral cell layer
def: "The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer" [GO:0061034]
comment: note that NIF divides this into main and accessory
synonym: "mitral cell body layer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100201]
synonym: "olfactory bulb main mitral cell body layer" RELATED [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100201]
synonym: "mitral cell layer" EXACT [BTO:0001108]
xref: MA:0000973 ! olfactory bulb mitral cell layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100201 ! Mitral cell body layer
xref: BTO:0001108 ! mitral cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0004001 ! olfactory bulb layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009950 ! olfactory bulb plexiform layer
name: olfactory bulb plexiform layer
comment: check if the NIF class is actually a grouping class
synonym: "plexiform layer" BROAD  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090405]
is_a: UBERON:0004001 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! olfactory bulb layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090405 ! Plexiform layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005379
name: olfactory bulb internal plexiform layer
synonym: "internal plexiform layer" EXACT [BTO:0001320]
xref: MA:0000972 ! olfactory bulb internal plexiform layer
xref: BTO:0001320 ! internal plexiform layer [part_of: "olfactory bulb"]
is_a: UBERON:0009950 ! olfactory bulb plexiform layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005376
name: olfactory bulb external plexiform layer
def: "Cytoarchitectural part of the olfactory bulb, lying superior to the mitral cell layer and inferior to the glomerular layer. The EPL is mostly neuropil composed almost entirely of mitral and tulfted cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites and their synaptic inputs." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090403]
synonym: "external plexiform layer" BROAD [BTO:0001319]
xref: MA:0000969 ! olfactory bulb external plexiform layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090403 ! External plexiform layer
xref: BTO:0001319 ! external plexiform layer
is_a: UBERON:0009950 ! olfactory bulb plexiform layer
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001790 ! outer plexiform layer of retina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005377
name: olfactory bulb glomerular layer
def: "The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells contact multiple mitral cell dendrites within the glomeruli and provide lateral inhibition of neighboring glomeruli while allowing excitation of a specific mitral cell dendritic tree. Each mitral cell is contacted by at least 1000 olfactory nerve fibers[BTO]. Portion of tissue which is located in between the primary olfactory fiber layer and the external cellular layer of the olfactory bulb[ZFA]." [BTO:0001317]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "glomerular layer" BROAD [BTO:0001317, ZFA:0000357]
synonym: "stratum glomerulosum bulbi olfactorii" EXACT [ZFA:0000357]
xref: MA:0000970 ! olfactory bulb glomerular layer
xref: BTO:0001317 ! glomerular layer 
xref: ZFA:0000357 ! glomerular layer
xref: ABA:MOBgl ! Main olfactory bulb, glomerular layer
is_a: UBERON:0004001 ! olfactory bulb layer
xref: TAO:0000357 ! glomerular layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005378
name: olfactory bulb granule cell layer
def: "The granule cell layer contains multiple small round neurons that lack axons. Long dendritic processes of the neurons reach the more superficial layers and inhibit mitral cells and tufted cells. Small distal processes make contacts with the exiting mitral cell axons." [BTO:0001327]
synonym: "granule cell layer" BROAD [BTO:0001327]
xref: MA:0000971 ! olfactory bulb granule cell layer
xref: BTO:0001327 ! granule cell layer 
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090404 ! Granule layer of main olfactory bulb
is_a: UBERON:0004001 ! olfactory bulb layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005380
name: olfactory bulb subependymal zone
xref: MA:0000974 ! olfactory bulb subependymal zone
is_a: UBERON:0004001 ! olfactory bulb layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004189
name: glomerular endothelium
def: "The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus" [GO:0072011]
synonym: "endothelium of renal glomerulus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal glomerulus endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0004631 ! glomerular endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0004188 ! glomerular epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004190 ! glomerulus vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004190
name: glomerulus vasculature
def: "The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus" [GO:0072012]
synonym: "renal glomerulus vascular network" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal glomerulus vasculature" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular network of renal glomerulus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasculature of renal glomerulus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004739
name: pronephric glomerulus
alt_id: UBERON:0004191
def: "The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment." [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:10572058, PMID:15647339, PMID:9268568, XAO:0000318, GO:0072013]
comment: a glomus differs from a glomerulus in that each vascular glomus services several tubules. ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong". AO notes: GO treats glomus and pronephric glomerulus differently
synonym: "glomerulus of pronephros" EXACT []
synonym: "glomus" NARROW [XAO:0000318]
synonym: "corpuscle" RELATED  [XAO:0000318]
synonym: "glomera" RELATED PLURAL  [XAO:0000318]
xref: ZFA:0001557 ! pronephric glomerulus
xref: VHOG:0001237 ! pronephric glomerulus
xref: XAO:0000318 ! glomus
xref: AAO:0011049 ! glomus
xref: SCTID:360548001 ! Entire glomus
xref: TAO:0001557 ! pronephric glomerulus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007128 {source="XAO"} ! glomeral mesenchyme
property_value: external_definition "Paired highly vascularized portion of the pronephros. Left and right glomeruli are fused at the midline. Begins to function between 40 and 48hpf. Drummond, 2000.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001557", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "pronephric glomera" RELATED [VHOG:0001237]
synonym: "pronephric glomeruli" RELATED PLURAL [VHOG:0001237]
synonym: "pronephric glomus" RELATED [VHOG:0001237]
property_value: homology_notes "The teleost pronephros shares many essential features with the amphibian pronephros including its derivation from mesoderm associated with the coelom and the derivation of the glomerular blood supply from the medial dorsal aorta. However, unlike the pronephros of amphibians, which have an external glomus and tubules with nephrostomes open to the coelom, the mature teleost pronephros has no connection to the body cavity and instead functions as a closed system (reference 1); This variation in nephron types [with external glomeruli that open into the coelom and with internal glomeruli that do not connect with the coelom] and their pattern of distribution suggest an evolutionary sequence. Ancestral craniates probably had an external glomerulus and nephrostomes, as do the first few to develop in very primitive craniates. (...) The mechanism would become more efficient as the coelomic recess into which each glomerulus discharged became a part of the tubule, that is, grew around the glomerulus as a renal capsule. The glomerulus becomes internal. The nephrostomes were lost during subsequent evolution, leaving the type of renal tubule found in most vertebrates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001237", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:9806915 Drummond IA\, Majumdar A\, Hentschel H\, Elger M\, Solnica-Krezel L\, Schier AF\, Neuhauss SCF\, Stemple DL\, Zwartkruis F\, Rangini Z\, Driever W\, Fishman MC\, Early development of the zebrafish pronephros and analysis of mutations affecting pronephric function. Development (1998)\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.636", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004194
name: long nephron
def: "Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend to the inner medulla" [GO:0072029]
synonym: "juxtamedullary nephron" RELATED [GO:0072029, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3031362&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
is_a: UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
xref: ncithesaurus:Juxtamedullary_Nephron ! Juxtamedullary Nephron
xref: UMLS:C1517630

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004195
name: short nephron
def: "Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical glomeruli, and have no short ascending limb, so the limb is situated in the outer medulla" [GO:0072030]
is_a: UBERON:0001285 ! nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004196
name: proximal convoluted tubule segment 1
alt_id: UBERON:0006432
def: "The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]." [GO:0072031, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3298740&group_id=36855]
synonym: "S1" BROAD [GO:0072031]
synonym: "S1 portion of renal tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "segment 1 of proximal tubule" EXACT [EMAPA:29657]
synonym: "S1 portion of tubule" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002612 ! proximal tubule segment 1
xref: EMAPA:29657 ! segment 1 of proximal tubule
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001287 {source="GO"} ! proximal convoluted tubule
relationship: has_function_in GO:0070295 {source="GO"} ! renal water absorption
synonym: "proximal tubule segment 1" EXACT [MA:0002612]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004197
name: proximal convoluted tubule segment 2
alt_id: UBERON:0006433
def: "The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride[GO]." [GO:0072032]
synonym: "S2" BROAD [GO:0072032]
synonym: "S2 portion of renal tubule" EXACT []
synonym: "segment 2 of proximal tubule" EXACT [EMAPA:29659]
synonym: "S2 portion of tubule" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002613 ! proximal tubule segment 2
xref: EMAPA:29659 ! segment 2 of proximal tubule
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001287 {source="GO"} ! proximal convoluted tubule
relationship: has_function_in GO:0070295 {source="GO"} ! renal water absorption
synonym: "proximal tubule segment 2" EXACT [MA:0002613]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010536 ! nephron progenitor
name: nephron progenitor
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003918 {source="cjm"} ! kidney mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010537
name: mesonephric nephron progenitor
def: "Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons.  The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells." [ZFA:0005587]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010536 ! nephron progenitor
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
xref: ZFA:0005587 ! nephron progenitor

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004209 ! renal vesicle
name: renal vesicle
def: "The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. " [GO:0072077]
comment: Editor notes: note that this class includes both metanephric and mesonephric vesicles - ZFA and EHDAA2 associations are placed with these classes. TODO - make a more specific develops_from relationship - see UBERON:0005107 ! metanephric cap
synonym: "stage I nephron" EXACT [http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Renal_vesicle.html, ZFA:0005586]
is_a: UBERON:0007503 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelial vesicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
relationship: induced_by UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004208 ! nephrogenic mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005147 ! metanephric renal vesicle
name: metanephric renal vesicle
def: "The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]." [GO:0072283]
synonym: "metanephric vesicle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001245 ! nephric vesicles
xref: EHDAA:9346 ! nephric vesicles
xref: EMAPA:27678 ! renal vesicle of early tubule of metanephros of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:27829 ! renal vesicle of early tubule of metanephros of urinary system
intersection_of: UBERON:0004209 ! renal vesicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005113 {source="EHDAA2"} ! metanephric cortex mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005331
name: mesonephric renal vesicle
def: "The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells[GO]." [GO:0061243]
synonym: "mesonephric vesicle" EXACT []
xref: ZFA:0005586 ! renal vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0004209 ! renal vesicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010534 {source="ZFA"} ! mesonephric nephron progenitor
xref: SCTID:361407006 ! Mesonephric vesicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010532 ! primitive nephron
name: primitive nephron
synonym: "developing nephron" BROAD []
synonym: "primitive nephron" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! epithelial tube
is_a: UBERON:0001285 {source="ZFA-inferred"} ! nephron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003918 ! kidney mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004209 {source="EHDAA2"} ! renal vesicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010534
name: primitive mesonephric nephron
synonym: "primitive mesonephric nephron" EXACT []
synonym: "developing mesonephric nephron" EXACT [ZFA:0005584]
def: "Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons.  The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells." [ZFA:0005587]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010532 ! primitive nephron
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
xref: ZFA:0005584 ! developing mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010535
name: primitive metanephric nephron
synonym: "primitive nephron" BROAD [EHDAA2:0001516]
synonym: "primitive metanephric nephron" EXACT []
synonym: "developing metanephric nephron" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010532 ! primitive nephron
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005113 {source="EHDAA2"} ! metanephric cortex mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001516 ! primitive nephrons
def: "A primitive nephron that is part of a metanephros." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004198
name: comma-shaped body
def: "The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron" [GO:0072049]
xref: EMAPA:27681 ! comma-shaped body of early tubule of metanephros of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:27835 ! comma-shaped body of early tubule of metanephros of urinary system
xref: ZFA:0005588 ! comma-shaped body
is_a: UBERON:0010532 {source="cjm"} ! primitive nephron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004209  {source="ZFA"} ! renal vesicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004199
name: S-shaped body
def: "The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron" [GO:0072050]
comment: TODO
synonym: "stage II nephron" EXACT [http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Renal_vesicle.html]
xref: EMAPA:27756 ! s-shaped body of early tubule of metanephros of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:27853 ! s-shaped body of early tubule of metanephros of urinary system
xref: ZFA:0005589 ! s-shaped body
is_a: UBERON:0010532 {source="cjm"} ! primitive nephron
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004198 {source="GO"} ! comma-shaped body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007653 ! capillary loop nephron
name: capillary loop nephron
def: "Developing nephron where the developing glomerular capsule has been invaded by a glomerular capillary loop called the glomerular tuft." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO
synonym: "stage III nephron" EXACT [http://www.gudmap.org/Organ_Summaries/Metanephros/Capillary_loop.html]
synonym: "developing capillary loop stage nephron" EXACT [EMAPA:28506]
xref: ZFA:0005590 ! capillary loop nephron
xref: EMAPA:28506 ! developing capillary loop stage
is_a: UBERON:0010532 {source="cjm"} ! primitive nephron
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004199 {source="ZFA"} ! S-shaped body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007654
name: maturing nephron
comment: TODO
synonym: "stage IV nephron" RELATED [EMAPA:28485]
xref: EMAPA:28485 ! maturing nephron
is_a: UBERON:0010532 {source="cjm"} ! primitive nephron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {source="EMAPA"} ! cortex of kidney
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007653 ! capillary loop nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005322
name: mesonephric nephron
def: "A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney[GO]." [GO:0061215]
comment: TODO
synonym: "stage IV nephron" RELATED  [ZFA:0005592]
xref: XAO:0000292 ! mesonephric nephron
xref: ZFA:0005592 ! mesonephric nephron
intersection_of: UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005323 {source="XAO"} ! mesonephric mesenchyme
xref: AAO:0010387 ! mesonephric nephron
property_value: external_definition "The structure that is the basic functional unit of the kidney.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010387", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="PMID:9268568"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005146
name: metanephric nephron tubule
alt_id: UBERON:0005128
alt_id: UBERON:0005152
def: "A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072282]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001231 ! nephron tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {source="ISBN:9780878932504"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005148
name: metanephric S-shaped body
def: "The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072284]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004199 ! S-shaped body
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {notes="todo - automate"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004201
name: kidney outer medulla inner stripe
def: "The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thick and thin portions of nephron tubules" [GO:0072057]
synonym: "inner stripe" EXACT [GO:0072057]
synonym: "outer medulla inner stripe" EXACT [MA:0002626]
synonym: "inner stripe of outer medulla" EXACT [EMAPA:29675]
synonym: "inner stripe of medulla of kidney" EXACT [FMA:76663]
synonym: "inner stripe of renal medulla" EXACT [FMA:76663]
xref: FMA:76663 ! Inner stripe of medulla of kidney
xref: EMAPA:29675 ! inner stripe of outer medulla
xref: MA:0002626 ! outer medulla inner stripe
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001293 ! outer medulla of kidney
synonym: "stria interna medullae renalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76663]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004202
name: kidney outer medulla outer stripe
def: "The outer stripe is the region of the kidney that lies distal to the line of termination of the straight renal tubules" [GO:0072058]
synonym: "outer stripe" EXACT [GO:0072058]
synonym: "outer medulla outer stripe" EXACT [MA:0002629]
synonym: "outer stripe of outer medulla" EXACT [EMAPA:29663]
synonym: "outer stripe of medulla of kidney" EXACT [FMA:76662]
synonym: "outer stripe of renal medulla" EXACT [FMA:76662]
xref: FMA:76662 ! Outer stripe of medulla of kidney
xref: EMAPA:29663 ! outer stripe of outer medulla
xref: MA:0002629 ! outer medulla outer stripe
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001293 ! outer medulla of kidney
synonym: "stria externa medullae renalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76662]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004203
name: cortical collecting duct
def: "The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex" [GO:0072059]
xref: EMAPA:28130 ! cortical collecting duct
xref: BTO:0002643 ! cortical collecting duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001232 ! collecting duct of renal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004204
name: outer medullary collecting duct
def: "The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla" [GO:0072060]
xref: EMAPA:28346 ! outer medullary collecting duct
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001232 ! collecting duct of renal tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004205
name: inner medullary collecting duct
def: "The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla" [GO:0072061]
xref: EMAPA:28370 ! inner medullary collecting duct
xref: BTO:0004544 ! inner medullary collecting duct
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001232 ! collecting duct of renal tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004206
name: long descending thin limb bend
def: "The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment" [GO:0072065]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001289 ! descending limb of loop of Henle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004207
name: prebend segment
def: "The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits robust sodium chloride reabsorption" [GO:0072066]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001289 ! descending limb of loop of Henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005096 {source="GO"} ! descending thin limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004211
name: nephron epithelium
def: "The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron" [GO:0072088]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of nephron" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of nephron" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nephron epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001285 ! nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004214
name: upper leg nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free lower limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb stylopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb stylopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member stylopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity stylopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of Proximal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hind limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hindlimb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of inferior member stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower extremity stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of stylopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of stylopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of stylopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of stylopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of stylopod of lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of thigh" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of upper leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hind limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hindlimb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of inferior member nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower extremity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thigh nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000685 ! upper leg nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004215
name: back nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000497 ! back nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004216
name: lower arm nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000601 ! lower arm nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! lower segment of arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004217
name: upper arm nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000607 ! upper arm nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003822 ! upper arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004218
name: lower leg nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity nerve" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000679 ! lower leg nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! lower leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004219
name: urethra smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethral smooth muscle" RELATED [MA:0001691]
xref: MA:0001691 ! urethra smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra


[Term]
id: UBERON:0004223
name: vagina smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina smooth muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0004999]
synonym: "vaginal smooth muscle" EXACT [BTO:0004999]
xref: MA:0001733 ! vagina smooth muscle
xref: BTO:0004999 ! vaginal smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004224
name: vas deferens smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - check MA and FMA classes mean the same thing
synonym: "muscle layer of deferent duct" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscle layer of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscle layer of vas deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscular coat of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscular layer of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscularis of vas deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (Ductus deferens)" EXACT [FMA:19239]
xref: FMA:19239 ! Muscle layer of deferent duct
xref: EMAPA:29270 ! muscle layer of ductus deferens
xref: MA:0001750 ! vas deferens smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001000 ! vas deferens
synonym: "tunica muscularis ductus deferentis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19239]
xref: SCTID:299705008 ! Entire muscularis of vas deferens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004225
name: respiratory system smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory smooth muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001660]
synonym: "airway smooth muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0001660]
xref: MA:0001830 ! respiratory system smooth muscle
xref: BTO:0001660 ! respiratory smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004226
name: gastrointestinal system smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001523 ! gastrointestinal system smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004227
name: kidney pelvis smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a renal pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002631 ! kidney pelvis smooth muscle
xref: FMA:262022 ! Smooth muscle tissue of renal pelvis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001224 ! renal pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004229
name: urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001700 ! urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001257 ! trigone of urinary bladder
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone muscle" EXACT [MA:0001700]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004230
name: urinary bladder neck smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigonal muscle of urinary bladder" EXACT [FMA:67990]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck muscle" EXACT [MA:0001699]
xref: MA:0001699 ! urinary bladder neck smooth muscle
xref: FMA:67990 ! trigonal muscle of urinary bladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001258 ! neck of urinary bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004231
name: anal region smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001532 ! anal region smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004232
name: lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000751 ! lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! Lymphatic Vessel Smooth Muscle Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
xref: UMLS:C1708791

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004233
name: lower respiratory tract smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002410 ! lower respiratory tract smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001558 ! lower respiratory tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004234
name: iris smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001270 ! iris smooth muscle
xref: BTO:0000655 ! iris smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001606 ! muscle of iris
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001769 ! iris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004235
name: mammary gland smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lactiferous gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000795 ! mammary gland smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! lactiferous gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004236
name: arteriole smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000706 ! arteriole smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004238
name: spleen smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spleen involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spleen non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spleen smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000757 ! spleen smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004240
name: gall bladder smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary smooth muscle" RELATED [MA:0001635]
xref: MA:0001635 ! gall bladder smooth muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! Gallbladder Smooth Muscle Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002110 ! gallbladder
xref: UMLS:C1708179

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004241
name: main bronchus smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001848 ! main bronchus smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004242
name: bronchus smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001840 ! bronchus smooth muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! Bronchus Smooth Muscle Tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
xref: UMLS:C1707055

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004245
name: oviduct smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001721 ! oviduct smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003889 ! fallopian tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004246
name: outflow tract smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000492 ! outflow tract smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004247
name: back bone
def: "A bone that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "back bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000494 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004248
name: pedal digit bone
def: "A bone that is part of a hindlimb digit. Typically phalanges but may include sesamoids." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "foot digit bone" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit bone" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "digital bone of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000646 ! foot digit bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
synonym: "foot digit bone" EXACT [MA:0000646]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004249
name: manual digit bone
def: "A bone that is part of a forelimb digit. Typically phalanges but may include sesamoids." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "hand digit bone" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit bone" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "digital bone of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000622 ! manual digit bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
synonym: "hand digit bone" EXACT [MA:0000622]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004250
name: upper arm bone
def: "A bone that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000604 ! upper arm bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003822 ! upper arm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004251
name: hindlimb zeugopod bone
def: "A bone that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower leg bone" EXACT [MA:0000676]
xref: MA:0000676 ! lower leg bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! lower leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004253
name: skin muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor notes: review as part of general integumentary system review - part of skin, or more generally, integumental system
synonym: "muscle organ of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of integumental system" EXACT [EMAPA:18187]
xref: MA:0002710 ! skin muscle
xref: EMAPA:18187 ! muscle of integumental system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001383
name: muscle of leg
def: "A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Leg_muscle]
comment: Terminology notes: see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'. 
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "leg muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle of upper/lower leg" EXACT []
synonym: "leg muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of hindlimb zeugopod or stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle of thigh or crus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle of upper or lower hindlimb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
xref: BTO:0000722 ! leg muscle
xref: MA:0000672 ! leg muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004252
name: hindlimb stylopod muscle
alt_id: UBERON:0000374
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thigh muscle" EXACT [FMA:22470]
synonym: "muscle of thigh" EXACT [FMA:22470]
synonym: "upper leg muscle" EXACT [MA:0000684]
xref: BTO:0001367 ! thigh muscle
xref: FMA:22470 ! Muscle of thigh
xref: MA:0000684 ! upper leg muscle
xref: SCTID:245013005 ! Entire skeletal muscle of thigh
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004256
name: hindlimb zeugopod muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor notes: the FMA class "muscle of leg" belongs here, do not move. See notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible terminological confusion over term 'leg'
synonym: "calf muscle" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower leg muscle" EXACT [MA:0000678]
synonym: "muscle of leg" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:22471]
xref: MA:0000678 ! lower leg muscle
xref: FMA:22471 ! Muscle of leg
xref: SCTID:265806001 ! Entire skeletal muscle of lower leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! lower leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004463
name: musculature of hindlimb stylopod
def: "A musculature that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "musculature of thigh" EXACT [FMA:50208]
synonym: "muscle group of thigh" EXACT [FMA:50208]
synonym: "set of muscles of thigh" EXACT [FMA:50208]
synonym: "thigh musculature" EXACT [FMA:50208]
xref: FMA:50208 ! Musculature of thigh
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! part_of upper leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006067
name: musculature of hindlimb zeugopod
synonym: "leg musculature" EXACT [FMA:50211]
synonym: "muscle group of leg" EXACT [FMA:50211]
synonym: "set of muscles of leg" EXACT [FMA:50211]
xref: FMA:50211 ! musculature of leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
def: "A musculature that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004466
name: musculature of leg
alt_id: UBERON:0005632
def: "A musculature that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'. This class represents the class-union of upper leg musculature and lower leg musculature (and thus may not mean precisely the same thing as the EHDAA2 class)
synonym: "leg muscle system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000973]
xref: EHDAA2:0000973 ! leg muscle system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000978 ! part_of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013511
name: ambiens muscle
def: "The tendon of the ambiens muscle passes obliquely over the knee joint. It assists in the control of the bird’s toes. This muscle is present in some reptiles but not mammals. It is present in caiques and some other South American genera, but missing in most parrot genera. This was first noted by Garrod (1874) who proposed using this and other anatomical differences to classify parrots.  For other anatomical differences among parrots see carotid arteries, furcula, and uropygial gland. " [http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
synonym: "ambiens" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004257
name: upper leg blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of stylopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of stylopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of thigh" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of upper leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb stylopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb stylopod blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thigh blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000681 ! upper leg blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004258
name: back blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000493 ! back blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004259
name: lower arm blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb zeugopod blood vessel" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0000597 ! lower arm blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! lower segment of arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004260
name: upper arm blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb stylopod blood vessel" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0000603 ! upper arm blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003822 ! upper arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004261
name: lower leg blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod blood vessel" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0000675 ! lower leg blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! lower leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004262
name: upper leg skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free lower limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb stylopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb stylopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member stylopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity stylopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of Proximal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hind limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hindlimb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of inferior member stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lower extremity stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of stylopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of stylopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of stylopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of stylopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of stylopod of lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of thigh" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of upper leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hind limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hindlimb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of inferior member skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower extremity skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thigh skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000686 ! upper leg skin
xref: FMA:37790 ! Skin of thigh
xref: EMAPA:18159 ! skin of upper leg (also: UBERON:0001511 'skin of leg')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod
xref: SCTID:181547006 ! Entire skin of thigh

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004263
name: upper arm skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000608 ! upper arm skin
xref: EMAPA:18062 ! skin of upper arm (also: UBERON:0002427 'arm skin')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003822 ! upper arm
xref: SCTID:181531009 ! Entire skin of upper arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004264
name: lower leg skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000680 ! lower leg skin
xref: EMAPA:18156 ! skin of lower leg (also: UBERON:0001511 'skin of leg')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! lower leg
xref: SCTID:244180007 ! Entire skin of lower leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004265
name: outflow tract myocardium
def: "A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000489 ! outflow tract myocardium
xref: VHOG:0000603 ! outflow tract myocardium
xref: EHDAA2:0001358 ! outflow tract myocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract
property_value: homology_notes " (...) (theme) is how the vertebrate cardiovascular system differs from that of the presumptive evolutionary chordate ancestor. (...) At best we can tell there are two essential new ingredients: (1) vertebrates all have a continuous endothelial lining to the heart and vessels and (2) vertebrates have developed a second chamber in the heart, one designed for generating high systemic blood pressure.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000603", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:9187138 Fishman MC\, Chien KR\, Fashioning the vertebrate heart: earliest embryonic decisions. Development (1997)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004266
name: upper leg connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free lower limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free lower limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of Proximal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hind limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hindlimb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of inferior member stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower extremity stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of stylopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of stylopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of stylopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of stylopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of stylopod of lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of thigh" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of upper leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb stylopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb stylopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb stylopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb stylopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb stylopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb stylopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member stylopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member stylopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member stylopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity stylopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity stylopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity stylopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of Proximal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hind limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hindlimb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of inferior member stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower extremity stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of stylopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of stylopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of stylopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of stylopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of stylopod of lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of thigh" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of upper leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hind limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hind limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hindlimb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of hindlimb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of inferior member connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of inferior member textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower extremity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower extremity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of lower limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of Proximal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hind limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hindlimb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of inferior member stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower extremity stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of stylopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of stylopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of stylopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of stylopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of stylopod of lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of thigh" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of upper leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thigh connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thigh portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thigh textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper leg portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper leg textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000683 ! upper leg connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004267
name: back connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "back portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "back textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000495 ! back connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! dorsum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004268
name: lower arm connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000599 ! lower arm connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! lower segment of arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004269
name: upper arm connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper arm portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper arm textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000605 ! upper arm connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003822 ! upper arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004270
name: lower leg connective tissue
def: "A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower leg portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower leg textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000677 ! lower leg connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! lower leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004271
name: outflow tract pericardium
def: "A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pericardium of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000491 ! outflow tract pericardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002407 ! pericardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004273
name: cartilaginous joint suture
def: "A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea cranial suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures set" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea cranium suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea suture of cranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint cranial suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint cranial sutures" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint cranial sutures set" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint cranium suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint suture of cranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial suture of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial suture of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial sutures of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial sutures of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial sutures set of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial sutures set of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranium suture of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranium suture of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "suture of cranium of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "suture of cranium of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001498 ! cartilaginous joint suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004274
name: lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium
def: "A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus epithelium of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000962 ! lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium
xref: FMA:242815 ! Epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002307 ! choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_Epithelium_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle ! Choroid Plexus Epithelium of the Lateral Ventricle
xref: EHDAA2:0004450 ! lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1711323

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004275
name: third ventricle choroid plexus epithelium
def: "A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a third ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus epithelial tissue of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus epithelium of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of choroid plexus of third ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000880 ! third ventricle choroid plexus epithelium
xref: FMA:242821 ! Epithelium of choroid plexus of third ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0003911 ! choroid plexus epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002288 ! choroid plexus of third ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004276
name: fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelium
def: "A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus epithelial tissue of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "choroid plexus epithelium of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000984 ! fourth ventricle choroid plexus epithelium
xref: FMA:242823 ! Epithelium of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0003911 ! choroid plexus epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002422 ! fourth ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002290 ! choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Choroid_Plexus_Epithelium_of_the_Fourth_Ventricle ! Choroid Plexus Epithelium of the Fourth Ventricle
xref: UMLS:C1707392

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010075
name: sacral neural crest
def: "One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. The vagal and sacral neural crest cells develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia." [XB:curator, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10065/]
is_a: UBERON:0000479  ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
xref: XAO:0004192 ! sacral neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004293
name: parasympathetic nerve
namespace: uberon
def: "A nerve that is part of a parasympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve of parasympathetic nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000224 ! parasympathetic nerve
xref: VHOG:0000641 ! parasympathetic nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001401 ! parasympathetic nerve
xref: EMAPA:17271 ! nerve of parasympathetic
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000011 ! part_of parasympathetic nervous system
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005428 {source="NBK10065"} ! vagal neural crest
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010075 {source="NBK10065"} ! sacral neural crest
xref: SCTID:276146002 ! Entire parasympathetic nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004294
name: glomerular capillary endothelium
namespace: uberon
synonym: "renal glomerulus capillary endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001658 ! glomerular capillary endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004212 ! glomerular capillary
xref: ncithesaurus:Endothelium_of_the_Glomerular_Capillary ! Endothelium of the Glomerular Capillary
xref: SCTID:243993006 ! Entire glomerular capillary endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of a glomerular capillary." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0227647

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004295
name: sympathetic nerve trunk
namespace: uberon
def: "A nerve trunk that is part of a sympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000227 ! sympathetic nerve trunk
xref: EHDAA2:0001970 ! sympathetic nerve trunk
xref: EMAPA:16986 ! nerve trunk (also: UBERON:0001147 'trunk of peripheral nerve') (also: UBERON:0002464 'nerve trunk') (also: UBERON:0003439 'nerve of trunk region')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002464 ! nerve trunk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000013 ! part_of sympathetic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004296
name: respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
namespace: uberon
def: "A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001826 ! respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003456 ! respiratory system lymphatic vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003456 ! respiratory system lymphatic vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004297
name: respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle
namespace: uberon
def: "A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001806 ! respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003504 ! respiratory system blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004300
name: distal phalanx
def: "Terminal phalanx located at the tip of the digits." [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges]
comment: Taxon notes: In human anatomy, the distal phalanges of the four fingers and toes articulate proximally with the intermediate phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP); in the thumb and big toe, with only two phalanges, the distal phalanges articulate proximally with the proximal phalanges. The distal phalanges carry and shape nails and claws and are therefore occasionally referred to as the ungual phalanges. The distal phalanges are cone-shaped in most mammals, including most primates, but relatively wide and flat in humans. AO notes: 
synonym: "ungual phalanx" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679]
synonym: "terminal phalanx" EXACT [AAO:0010676]
synonym: "phalanx distalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges]
xref: MA:0002914 ! distal phalanx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Scheme_human_hand_bones-en.svg/200px-Scheme_human_hand_bones-en.svg.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009551 ! distal segment of digit
xref: AAO:0010676 ! terminal phalanx
xref: SCTID:299711006 ! Entire distal phalanx
synonym: "Phalanx distalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Scheme_human_hand_bones-en.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004301
name: middle phalanx
def: "A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges[CJM]. Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones of the finger and toe which lie in the middle, between the two wrinkly joints. The thumb and big toe do not have intermediate phalanges. In most other vertebrates, they have a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin[WP]." [Wikipedia:Intermediate_phalanges]
comment: Taxon notes: in some groups such as whales, there are multiple intermediate phalanges. Editors note: consider using numbering system, and axioms to the effect that there is a single middle phalanx per finger in humans. This should perhaps be renamed 'intermediate phalanx', leaving the term middle phalanx open for the specific intermediate phalanx of a 3-phalanx digit
synonym: "medial phalanx" RELATED []
synonym: "intermediate phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "penultimate phalanx" RELATED [AAO:0010677]
xref: MA:0002915 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004300 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", notes="human and mouse"} ! distal phalanx
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004302 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", notes="human and mouse"} ! proximal phalanx
relationship: transitively_distally_connected_to UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
relationship: transitively_proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004302  ! proximal phalanx
xref: SCTID:299710007 ! Entire middle phalanx
xref: AAO:0010677 ! penultimate phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004302
name: proximal phalanx
def: "Proximal-most phalanx within a digit[CJM]. Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones at the base of a toe or finger, the prominent, knobby ends of which are often called the knuckles. In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ('finger' bone)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Proximal_phalanges]
synonym: "proximal-most phalanx" EXACT [AAO:0010680]
synonym: "phalanx 1" EXACT []
synonym: "phalanx I" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002916 ! proximal phalanx
xref: AAO:0010680 ! proximal-most phalanx
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003821  ! metapodium bone
xref: SCTID:299708005 ! Entire proximal phalanx
property_value: phalanx_number "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004337
name: distal phalanx of manual digit 1
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Taxon notes: The human pollical distal phalanx (PDP) has a pronounced insertion for the flexor pollicis longus (asymmetric towards the radial side), an ungual fossa, and a pair of dissymmetric ungual spines (the ulnar being more prominent). This asymmetry is necessary to ensure that the thumb pulp is always facing the pulps of the other digits, an osteological configuration which provides the maximum contact surface with held objects.[WP]
synonym: "distal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of first digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23945]
synonym: "first distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23945]
synonym: "pollical distal phalanx" EXACT [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges#Thumb]
synonym: "PDP" EXACT [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges#Thumb]
xref: FMA:23945 ! distal phalanx of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
xref: SCTID:182007006 ! Entire distal phalanx of thumb
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004338 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004311
name: distal phalanx of manual digit 2
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd digit of hand distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 2nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 2nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:23946]
synonym: "distal phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23946]
synonym: "second distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23946]
xref: FMA:23946 ! distal phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003622 ! part_of manual digit 2
xref: SCTID:361784003 ! Entire distal phalanx of index finger
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004320 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! middle phalanx of manual digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004312
name: distal phalanx of manual digit 3
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 3rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 3rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:23947]
synonym: "distal phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23947]
synonym: "third distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23947]
xref: FMA:23947 ! distal phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003623 ! part_of manual digit 3
xref: SCTID:361786001 ! Entire distal phalanx of middle finger
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004321 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! middle phalanx of manual digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004313
name: distal phalanx of manual digit 4
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th digit of hand distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 4th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 4th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:23948]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23948]
synonym: "fourth distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23948]
xref: FMA:23948 ! distal phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003624 ! part_of manual digit 4
xref: SCTID:361788000 ! Entire distal phalanx of ring finger
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004322 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! middle phalanx of manual digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004314
name: distal phalanx of manual digit 5
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th digit of hand distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 5th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 5th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:23949]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23949]
synonym: "fifth distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23949]
xref: FMA:23949 ! distal phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003625 ! part_of manual digit 5
xref: SCTID:361790004 ! Entire distal phalanx of little finger
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004323 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! middle phalanx of manual digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004315
name: distal phalanx of pedal digit 1
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of big toe" EXACT [FMA:32627]
synonym: "distal phalanx of first digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32627]
synonym: "distal phalanx of great toe" EXACT [FMA:32627]
synonym: "first distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32627]
xref: FMA:32627 ! distal phalanx of big toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003631 ! part_of pedal digit 1
xref: SCTID:361799003 ! Entire distal phalanx of great toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004332 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004316
name: distal phalanx of pedal digit 2
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd toe distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 2nd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of second toe" EXACT [FMA:32628]
synonym: "distal phalanx of second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32628]
synonym: "second distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32628]
xref: FMA:32628 ! distal phalanx of second toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003632 ! part_of pedal digit 2
xref: SCTID:361801000 ! Entire distal phalanx of second toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004324 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! middle phalanx of pedal digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004317
name: distal phalanx of pedal digit 3
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd toe distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 3rd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of third toe" EXACT [FMA:32629]
synonym: "distal phalanx of third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32629]
synonym: "third distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32629]
xref: FMA:32629 ! distal phalanx of third toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003633 ! part_of pedal digit 3
xref: SCTID:361803002 ! Entire distal phalanx of third toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004325 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! middle phalanx of pedal digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004318
name: distal phalanx of pedal digit 4
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th toe distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 4th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fourth toe" EXACT [FMA:32630]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32630]
synonym: "fourth distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32630]
xref: FMA:32630 ! distal phalanx of fourth toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003634 ! part_of pedal digit 4
xref: SCTID:361805009 ! Entire distal phalanx of fourth toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004326 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! middle phalanx of pedal digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004319
name: distal phalanx of pedal digit 5
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th toe distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 5th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of little toe" EXACT [FMA:32631]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32631]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:32631]
synonym: "fifth distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32631]
xref: FMA:32631 ! distal phalanx of little toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003635 ! part_of pedal digit 5
xref: SCTID:10770001 ! Structure of distal phalanx of little toe
xref: SCTID:244674003 ! Entire distal phalanx of lesser toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004327 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="shoge-lite"} ! middle phalanx of pedal digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004320
name: middle phalanx of manual digit 2
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd digit of hand intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd digit of hand middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 2nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 2nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 2nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 2nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:23933]
synonym: "middle phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23933]
synonym: "second middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23933]
xref: FMA:23933 ! middle phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003622 ! part_of manual digit 2
xref: SCTID:263407002 ! Entire middle phalanx of index finger
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004311 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! distal phalanx of manual digit 2
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004328 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004321
name: middle phalanx of manual digit 3
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 3rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 3rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 3rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 3rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23934]
synonym: "third middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23934]
xref: FMA:23934 ! middle phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003623 ! part_of manual digit 3
xref: SCTID:263408007 ! Entire middle phalanx of middle finger
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004312 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! distal phalanx of manual digit 3
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004329 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004322
name: middle phalanx of manual digit 4
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th digit of hand intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th digit of hand middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 4th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 4th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 4th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 4th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23935]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23935]
xref: FMA:23935 ! middle phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003624 ! part_of manual digit 4
xref: SCTID:263409004 ! Entire middle phalanx of ring finger
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004313 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! distal phalanx of manual digit 4
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004330 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004323
name: middle phalanx of manual digit 5
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th digit of hand intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th digit of hand middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 5th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 5th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 5th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 5th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of little finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23936]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23936]
xref: FMA:23936 ! middle phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003625 ! part_of manual digit 5
xref: SCTID:263410009 ! Entire middle phalanx of little finger
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004314 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! distal phalanx of manual digit 5
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004331 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of manual digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004324
name: middle phalanx of pedal digit 2
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd toe intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd toe middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 2nd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 2nd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of second toe" EXACT [FMA:32623]
synonym: "middle phalanx of second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32623]
synonym: "second middle phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32623]
xref: FMA:32623 ! middle phalanx of second toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003632 ! part_of pedal digit 2
xref: SCTID:182152006 ! Entire middle phalanx of second toe
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004316 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 2
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004333 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004325
name: middle phalanx of pedal digit 3
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd toe intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd toe middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 3rd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 3rd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of third toe" EXACT [FMA:32624]
synonym: "middle phalanx of third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32624]
synonym: "third middle phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32624]
xref: FMA:32624 ! middle phalanx of third toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003633 ! part_of pedal digit 3
xref: SCTID:182154007 ! Entire middle phalanx of third toe
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004317 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 3
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004334 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004326
name: middle phalanx of pedal digit 4
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th toe intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th toe middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 4th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 4th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fourth toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth middle phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32625]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32625]
xref: FMA:32625 ! middle phalanx of foot digit 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003634 ! part_of pedal digit 4
xref: SCTID:182156009 ! Entire middle phalanx of fourth toe
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004318 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 4
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004335 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004327
name: middle phalanx of pedal digit 5
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th toe intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th toe middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 5th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 5th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of little toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:230984 ! middle phalanx of little toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003635 ! part_of pedal digit 5
xref: SCTID:182158005 ! Entire middle phalanx of little toe
xref: SCTID:244673009 ! Entire middle phalanx of lesser toe
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004319 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! distal phalanx of pedal digit 5
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0004336 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:314146", source="shoge-lite"} ! proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004338
name: proximal phalanx of manual digit 1
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb proximal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23918]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of first digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23918]
xref: FMA:23918 ! proximal phalanx of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1
xref: SCTID:181992006 ! Entire proximal phalanx of thumb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004328
name: proximal phalanx of manual digit 2
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd digit of hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 2nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 2nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:23919]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23919]
synonym: "second proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23919]
xref: FMA:23919 ! proximal phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003622 ! part_of manual digit 2
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003646 ! metacarpal bone of digit 2
xref: SCTID:263403003 ! Entire proximal phalanx of index finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004329
name: proximal phalanx of manual digit 3
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 3rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 3rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:23920]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23920]
synonym: "third proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23920]
xref: FMA:23920 ! proximal phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003623 ! part_of manual digit 3
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3
xref: SCTID:263404009 ! Entire proximal phalanx of middle finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004330
name: proximal phalanx of manual digit 4
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th digit of hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 4th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 4th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:23921]
synonym: "fourth proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23921]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23921]
xref: FMA:23921 ! proximal phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003624 ! part_of manual digit 4
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4
xref: SCTID:263405005 ! Entire proximal phalanx of ring finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004331
name: proximal phalanx of manual digit 5
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th digit of hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 5th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 5th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:23922]
synonym: "fifth proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23922]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23922]
xref: FMA:23922 ! proximal phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003625 ! part_of manual digit 5
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003649 ! metacarpal bone of digit 5
xref: SCTID:263406006 ! Entire proximal phalanx of little finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004332
name: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of big toe" EXACT [FMA:43252]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of great toe" EXACT [FMA:43252]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of the 1st toe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:43252 ! proximal phalanx of big toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003631 ! part_of pedal digit 1
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1
xref: SCTID:182150003 ! Entire proximal phalanx of great toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004333
name: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd toe proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 2nd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of second toe" EXACT [FMA:32618]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32618]
synonym: "second proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32618]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of the 2nd toe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:32618 ! proximal phalanx of second toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003632 ! part_of pedal digit 2
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2
xref: SCTID:182151004 ! Entire proximal phalanx of second toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004334
name: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd toe proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 3rd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of third toe" EXACT [FMA:32619]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32619]
synonym: "third proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32619]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of the 3rd toe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:32619 ! proximal phalanx of third toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003633 ! part_of pedal digit 3
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3
xref: SCTID:182153001 ! Entire proximal phalanx of third toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004335
name: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th toe proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 4th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fourth toe" EXACT [FMA:32620]
synonym: "fourth proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32620]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32620]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of the 4th toe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:32620 ! proximal phalanx of fourth toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003634 ! part_of pedal digit 4
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4
xref: SCTID:182155008 ! Entire proximal phalanx of fourth toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004336
name: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th toe proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 5th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of little toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32621]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32621]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:32621]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of the 5th toe" EXACT []
xref: FMA:32621 ! proximal phalanx of little toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003635 ! part_of pedal digit 5
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5
xref: SCTID:182157000 ! Entire proximal phalanx of little toe
xref: SCTID:244672004 ! Entire proximal phalanx of lesser toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004340 ! allantois
name: allantois
def: "A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, and it is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals[VHOG]." [VHOG:0000738, Wikipedia:Allantois]
comment: a diverticulum of the hindgut endoderm [ISBN10:0073040584 "Vertebrates\, Kardong"]. AO notes: part_of embryo in EHDAA2 - note differences in humans
xref: EMAPA:28547 ! allantois of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:16107 ! allantois of extraembryonic component
xref: EMAPA:16084  ! allantois
xref: ncithesaurus:Allantois ! Allantois
xref: BTO:0000474 ! allantois
xref: VHOG:0000738 ! allantois
xref: EHDAA2:0000113 ! allantois
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000114 ! allantois
xref: MESH:A16.254.403.147 ! allantoi
is_a: UBERON:0005631 ! extraembryonic membrane
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004872 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000925 {source="ISBN10:0073040584", notes="hindgut diverticulum endoderm"} ! endoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001040 {source="EHDAA2"} ! yolk sac
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001008 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! excretory system
xref: SCTID:308825007 ! Entire allantois
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray25.png
property_value: external_definition "A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, and it is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000738", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/allantois", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000738", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.187", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "allantoic" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0002084

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004346 ! gubernaculum
name: gubernaculum
alt_id: UBERON:0000452
def: "embryonic structures which begin as undifferentiated mesenchyme attaching to the caudal end of the gonads. The gubernaculum is present only during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs, being replaced by distinct vestiges in males and females[WP]. Enitoinguinal ligaments that, in the male, connect the fetal testis to the developing scrotum, and, in the female, connect the ovaries to the uterus[MP]" [Wikipedia:Gubernaculum, MP:0005149]
comment: WP def is male/female, split term? EMAP is male-specific. vestigial adult in FMA. TODO
synonym: "gubernaculae" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "gubernaculum testis" NARROW []
synonym: "caudal suspensory ligament" RELATED [EMAPA:19089]
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0006590 {source="FMA"} ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000990 ! reproductive system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000323 {source="BTO"} ! late embryo
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 {source="Wikipedia"} ! intermediate mesoderm
xref: ncithesaurus:Gubernaculum_Testis ! Gubernaculum Testis
synonym: "Gabernaculum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gubernaculum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray1138.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "gubernacular" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0228051

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008843
name: gubernaculum testis
def: "The fetal ligament attached to the inferior end of the epididymis and testis and, at its other end, to the bottom of the scrotum; it is present during, and is thought to guide, the descent of the testis into the scrotum and then atrophies." [BTO:0002813]
comment: The upper part of the gubernaculum degenerates; The lower part persists as the gubernaculum testis ("scrotal ligament"). This ligament secures the testis to the most inferior portion of the scrotum, tethering it in place and limiting the degree to which the testis can move within the scrotum[WP]
synonym: "Hunter's gubernaculum" RELATED  [BTO:0002813]
xref: BTO:0002813 ! gubernaculum testis
xref: EMAPA:19089 ! gubernaculum
xref: FMA:20421 ! Gubernaculum testis
intersection_of: UBERON:0004346 ! gubernaculum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
xref: SCTID:299983007 ! Entire gubernaculum testis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008844
name: gubernaculum (female)
comment: The upper part of the gubernaculum, together with the ovarian artery and vein form the suspensory ligament of the ovary,[1] which suspends the ovary from the pelvic wall.; The lower gubernaculum has two vestigial remnants in females, the ovarian ligament and the round ligament of the uterus (ligamentum teres uteri) which respectively serve to support the ovaries and uterus in the pelvis
intersection_of: UBERON:0004346 ! gubernaculum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
def: "A gubernaculum that is part of a female reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008842
name: suspensory ligament of testis
def: "The cranial atrophic portion of the urogenital ridge attached to the cranial pole of the intraabdominal embryonic testis" [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=49790, Wikipedia:Scrotal_ligament]
is_a: UBERON:0008841 {source="Obol"} ! suspensory ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0008841 ! suspensory ligament
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0000473 ! testis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004876 {source="Obol"} ! urogenital ridge

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008848
name: cranial suspensory ligament
comment: todo - check - add cranial ovarian susp ligaments
def: "Connects the cranial tip of the future gonad to the dorsocranial abdominal cavity." []
is_a: UBERON:0008841 {source="Obol"} ! suspensory ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003135 {source="EMAPA"} ! male reproductive organ
xref: EMAPA:30068 ! cranial suspensory ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006594
name: chorda gubernaculum
def: "A portion of the gubernaculum testis and round ligament that develops in the body wall of the embryo." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
synonym: "gubernacular cord" RELATED  []
synonym: "plica gubernaculi" RELATED  [PMID:11997885]
xref: BTO:0002814 ! chorda gubernaculum
is_a: UBERON:0006590 ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008843 ! gubernaculum testis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012326 ! gubernacular bulb
name: gubernacular bulb
comment: Hrabovszky et al propose the bulb is the growing end of the elongating gubernaculum, analogous to the growth of a limb bud[PMID:11997885]
synonym: "pars infravaginalis gubernaculi" NARROW  [PMID:11997885]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008843 ! gubernaculum testis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004348
name: optic eminence
def: "the embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm" [MP:0006305]
xref: EMAPA:17003 ! surface ectoderm of the eye
xref: EMAPA:16322 ! optic eminence
xref: VHOG:0001296 ! optic eminence
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001308 ! optic eminence
xref: EHDAA:938 ! optic eminence
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000964 ! cornea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005879 ! pharyngeal cleft
name: pharyngeal cleft
def: "the counterpart of a branchial pouch on the ectodermal side. The first pharyngeal groove produces the external auditory meatus.[2] The rest (2, 3, and 4) are overlapped by the growing 2nd pharyngeal arch, and form the floor of the depression termed the cervical sinus, which opens ventrally, and finally obliterated[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove]
comment: AO notes: some ontologies distringuish between cleft and cleft ectoderm, we merge these here. Editor notes: consider adding location (precursor) - i.e. external (ectodermal). Note we use overlaps as the relationship to the arches 
xref: AAO:0010623 ! pharyngeal cleft
synonym: "branchial groove" RELATED [AAO:0010623, Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove]
synonym: "branchial cleft" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove]
synonym: "gill cleft" NARROW []
synonym: "Kiemenspalten" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal groove" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove]
synonym: "pharyngeal groove ectoderm" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "sulcus pharyngei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_groove]
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0006846 {source="EHDAA2"} ! groove
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Groove ! Pharyngeal Groove
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Kiemenbogen.jpg
xref: UMLS:C1280559

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013157
name: 1st arch maxillary-mandibular cleft
is_a: UBERON:0005879 ! pharyngeal cleft
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004362 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000046 ! 1st arch maxillary-mandibular groove ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16395 ! ectoderm of maxillary-mandibular groove
synonym: "1st arch maxillary-mandibular groove ectoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000046]
synonym: "ectoderm of maxillary-mandibular groove" EXACT [EMAPA:16395]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005872 ! 1st arch pharyngeal cleft
name: 1st arch pharyngeal cleft
def: "A groove that is situated between the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch." [VHOG:OG]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "1st arch branchial groove" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000008]
synonym: "branchial groove of 1st arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16119]
synonym: "1st arch groove ectoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000009]
xref: EHDAA2:0000009 ! 1st arch groove ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16119 ! branchial groove of 1st arch
xref: EHDAA:575 ! branchial groove
xref: VHOG:0000969 ! 1st arch branchial groove
xref: VHOG:0000554 ! 1st pharyngeal groove ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0005879 ! pharyngeal cleft
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0004362 ! pharyngeal arch 1
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
synonym: "1st pharyngeal groove" EXACT [VHOG:0000969]
synonym: "1st pharyngeal cleft" RELATED [VHOG:0000969]
synonym: "1st pharyngeal groove ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000554]
property_value: external_definition "A groove that is situated between the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.70, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000969", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In all jawed vertebrates the first arch forms the jaw, while the second arch forms the hyoid apparatus. These two arches are separated by the first pharyngeal pouch and cleft.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000969", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.01.022 Grevellec A\, Tucker AS\, The pharyngeal pouches and clefts: development\, evolution\, structure and derivatives. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005873
name: 2nd arch pharyngeal cleft
def: "A groove that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch." [VHOG:OG]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "2nd arch branchial groove" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000054]
synonym: "branchial groove of 2nd arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16396]
synonym: "2nd arch groove ectoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000057]
xref: EHDAA2:0000057 ! 2nd arch groove ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16396 ! branchial groove of 2nd arch
xref: EHDAA:613 ! branchial groove
xref: VHOG:0000972 ! 2nd arch branchial groove
xref: VHOG:0000568 ! 2nd pharyngeal groove ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0005879 ! pharyngeal cleft
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003114 ! pharyngeal arch 3
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal groove" EXACT [VHOG:0000972]
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal cleft" RELATED [VHOG:0000972]
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal groove ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000568]
property_value: external_definition "A groove that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.70, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000972", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005874
name: 3rd arch pharyngeal cleft
def: "A groove that is situated between the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch." [VHOG:OG]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "3rd arch branchial groove" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000071]
synonym: "branchial groove of 3rd arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16581]
synonym: "3rd arch groove ectoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000074]
xref: EHDAA2:0000074 ! 3rd arch groove ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16581 ! branchial groove of 3rd arch
xref: EHDAA:1082 ! branchial groove
xref: VHOG:0000973 ! 3rd arch branchial groove
xref: VHOG:0000572 ! 3rd pharyngeal groove ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0005879 ! pharyngeal cleft
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003114 ! pharyngeal arch 3
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003115 ! pharyngeal arch 4
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal groove" EXACT [VHOG:0000973]
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal cleft" RELATED [VHOG:0000973]
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal groove ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000572]
property_value: external_definition "A groove that is situated between the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.70, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000973", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005875
name: 4th arch pharyngeal cleft
def: "A groove that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch." [VHOG:OG]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "4th arch branchial groove" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000088]
synonym: "branchial groove of 4th arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16761]
synonym: "4th arch pharyngeal groove ectoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000089]
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000088 ! 4th arch branchial groove
xref: EHDAA2:0000089 ! 4th arch pharyngeal groove ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16761 ! branchial groove of 4th arch
xref: EMAPA:16762 ! ectoderm of branchial groove of 4th arch
xref: EHDAA:1665 ! branchial groove
xref: VHOG:0000968 ! 4th arch branchial groove
xref: VHOG:0000577 ! 4th pharyngeal groove ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0005879 ! pharyngeal cleft
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003115 ! pharyngeal arch 4
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003116 ! pharyngeal arch 5
synonym: "4th pharyngeal groove" EXACT [VHOG:0000968]
synonym: "4th pharyngeal cleft" RELATED [VHOG:0000968]
synonym: "4th pharyngeal groove ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000577]
property_value: external_definition "A groove that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.70, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000968", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004117
name: pharyngeal pouch
def: "embryonic structure that forms on the endodermal side between the pharyngeal arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches. The pouches line up with the clefts, and these thin segments become gills in fish[WP]. Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)]
comment: AO notes: VHOG and EMAPAA distinguish between pouch endoderm and pouch but we merge those here. Editor notes: consider adding location (precursor) - i.e. internal (endodermal)  // The pouches are polarized structures. For example, whereas the rostral half of each pouch expresses Bmp-7, the caudal half expresses FGF-8 and the dorsal aspect of each pouch is marked via its expression of Pax-1. each pouch has an individual sense of identity. Shh expression is a prominent early feature of the caudal endoderm of the second arch, and individual pouches mark the anterior limits of expression of Hox genes within the pharyngeal endoderm; Hox-a2 has a rostral boundary at the second pouch, Hox-a3 at the third pouch and Hox-a4 at the most caudal pouch[PMID:16313389]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "branchial pouch" EXACT [Wikipedia:Branchial_pouch]
synonym: "visceral pouch" EXACT SENSU []
xref: ZFA:0001106 ! pharyngeal pouch
xref: VHOG:0001203 ! pharyngeal pouch
xref: EHDAA:1086 ! branchial pouch
xref: EHDAA:1669 ! branchial pouch
xref: EHDAA:579 ! branchial pouch
xref: EHDAA:617 ! branchial pouch
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Pouch ! Pharyngeal Pouch
xref: XAO:0000282 ! visceral pouch
xref: EFO:0003627 ! pharyngeal pouch
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008814 ! pharyngeal system
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499"} ! Chordata
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007690 {source="ZFA", source="EHDAA2"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
xref: AAO:0011113 ! visceral pouch
xref: SCTID:34674002 ! Pharyngeal pouch
xref: TAO:0001106 ! pharyngeal pouch
property_value: external_definition "Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits. Crump et al, 2004.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001106", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "pharyngeal pouches" RELATED [VHOG:0001203]
synonym: "visceral pouches" RELATED [VHOG:0001203]
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001203", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M\, Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231067

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007122
alt_id: UBERON:0005718
name: pharyngeal pouch 1
def: "The endoderm lines the future auditory tube (Pharyngotympanic Eustachian tube) , middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane. & origin of Mandibular nerve & Maxillary artery[WP]. The first pouch lies between the first and second arches[PMID]" [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#First_pouch, PMID:16313389]
comment: we use adjacency relations rather than part_of, as in EHDAA2
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "first visceral pouch" EXACT [XAO:0000102]
synonym: "pharyngeal pouches 1" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001128]
synonym: "visceral pouch 1" EXACT [XAO:0000102]
synonym: "first arch pharyngeal pouch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "1st branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "1st arch branchial pouch" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000013]
synonym: "1st arch pouch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000016]
synonym: "1st arch branchial pouch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000016]
synonym: "hyomandibular pouch" EXACT []
xref: XAO:0000102 ! visceral pouch 1
xref: ZFA:0001128 ! pharyngeal pouch 1
xref: VHOG:0000970 ! first pharyngeal pouch
xref: VHOG:0000555 ! 1st pharyngeal pouch endoderm
xref: EFO:0003631 ! pharyngeal pouch 1
xref: EHDAA2:0000016 ! 1st arch branchial pouch endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16124 ! branchial pouch of 1st arch
xref: EMAPA:16124 ! branchial pouch of 1st arch
intersection_of: UBERON:0004117 ! pharyngeal pouch
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0004362 ! pharyngeal arch 1
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: ncithesaurus:First_Pharyngeal_Pouch ! First Pharyngeal Pouch
xref: AAO:0011114 ! visceral pouch 1
xref: SCTID:345248006 ! Entire first pharyngeal pouch
xref: TAO:0001128 ! pharyngeal pouch 1
property_value: external_definition "First of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011114", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-226-55763-4"}
synonym: "first pharyngeal pouch" RELATED [VHOG:0000970]
synonym: "1st pharyngeal pouch endoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000555]
property_value: external_definition "A pouch that is situated between the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.72, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000970", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In all jawed vertebrates the first arch forms the jaw, while the second arch forms the hyoid apparatus. These two arches are separated by the first pharyngeal pouch and cleft.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000970", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.01.022 Grevellec A\, Tucker AS\, The pharyngeal pouches and clefts: development\, evolution\, structure and derivatives. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (2010)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231068

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007123
alt_id: UBERON:0005715
name: pharyngeal pouch 2
def: "The second pouch between the second and third arches. Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve[WP]" [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Second_pouch, PMID:16313389]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pharyngeal pouches 2" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001130]
synonym: "second visceral pouch" EXACT [XAO:0000247]
synonym: "visceral pouch 2" EXACT [XAO:0000247]
synonym: "second arch pharyngeal pouch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "2nd arch branchial pouch" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060]
synonym: "2nd arch pouch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000058]
synonym: "2nd arch branchial pouch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000061]
xref: XAO:0000247 ! visceral pouch 2
xref: ZFA:0001130 ! pharyngeal pouch 2
xref: VHOG:0000967 ! second pharyngeal pouch
xref: VHOG:0000561 ! 2nd pharyngeal pouch endoderm
xref: EFO:0003633 ! pharyngeal pouch 2
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060 ! 2nd arch branchial pouch
xref: EMAPA:16275 ! branchial pouch of 2nd arch
xref: EMAPA:16276 ! endoderm of branchial pouch of 2nd arch
xref: EHDAA2:0000058 ! 2nd arch pouch endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0004117 ! pharyngeal pouch
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003114 ! pharyngeal arch 3
xref: ncithesaurus:Second_Pharyngeal_Pouch ! Second Pharyngeal Pouch
xref: AAO:0011115 ! visceral pouch 2
xref: SCTID:345349000 ! Entire second pharyngeal pouch
xref: TAO:0001130 ! pharyngeal pouch 2
property_value: external_definition "Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011115", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-226-55763-4"}
synonym: "second pharyngeal pouch" RELATED [VHOG:0000967]
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal pouch endoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000561]
property_value: external_definition "A pouch that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.72, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000967", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000967", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M and Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231069

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007124
alt_id: UBERON:0005716
name: pharyngeal pouch 3
def: "The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve[WP]. The third pouch lies between the third and fourth arches[PMID]." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Third_pouch, PMID:16313389]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pharyngeal pouches 3" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001131]
synonym: "third visceral pouch" EXACT [XAO:0000251]
synonym: "visceral pouch 3" EXACT [XAO:0000251]
synonym: "3rd branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "third arch pharyngeal pouch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd arch branchial pouch" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000076]
synonym: "3rd arch branchial pouch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000077]
xref: XAO:0000251 ! visceral pouch 3
xref: ZFA:0001131 ! pharyngeal pouch 3
xref: EFO:0003634 ! pharyngeal pouch 3
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000076 ! 3rd arch branchial pouch
xref: VHOG:0001030 ! 3rd pharyngeal pouch endoderm
xref: VHOG:0000966 ! third pharyngeal pouch
xref: EMAPA:16586 ! branchial pouch of 3rd arch
xref: EHDAA2:0000077 ! 3rd arch branchial pouch endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0004117 ! pharyngeal pouch
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003114 ! pharyngeal arch 3
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003115 ! pharyngeal arch 4
xref: ncithesaurus:Third_Pharyngeal_Pouch ! Third Pharyngeal Pouch
xref: AAO:0011116 ! visceral pouch 3
xref: SCTID:345450001 ! Entire third pharyngeal pouch
xref: TAO:0001131 ! pharyngeal pouch 3
property_value: external_definition "Third of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011116", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-226-55763-4"}
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal pouch endoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0001030]
synonym: "third pharyngeal pouch" RELATED [VHOG:0000966]
property_value: external_definition "A pouch that is situated between the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.72, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000966", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000966", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M and Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231070

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007125 ! pharyngeal pouch 4
name: pharyngeal pouch 4
def: "A pouch that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch[Bard]. Derivatives include: superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body which forms the parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland.    Musculature and cartilage of larynx (along with the sixth pharyngeal pouch)[WP]" [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Fourth_pouch, PMID:16313389]
comment: todo - check relationships
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pharyngeal pouches 4" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001134]
synonym: "fourth visceral pouch" EXACT [XAO:0000254]
synonym: "4th branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral pouch 4" EXACT [XAO:0000254]
synonym: "fourth pharyngeal pouch" RELATED  [VHOG:0000971]
synonym: "fourth arch pharyngeal pouch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th arch branchial pouch" EXACT [RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000090]
synonym: "4th arch branchial pouch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000091]
xref: XAO:0000254 ! visceral pouch 4
xref: ZFA:0001134 ! pharyngeal pouch 4
xref: VHOG:0000971 ! fourth pharyngeal pouch
xref: VHOG:0000578 ! 4th pharyngeal pouch endoderm
xref: EFO:0003637 ! pharyngeal pouch 4
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000090 ! 4th arch branchial pouch
xref: EMAPA:16766 ! branchial pouch of 4th arch
xref: EHDAA2:0000091 ! 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0004117 ! pharyngeal pouch
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003115 ! pharyngeal arch 4
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0003116 ! pharyngeal arch 5
xref: ncithesaurus:Fourth_Pharyngeal_Pouch ! Fourth Pharyngeal Pouch
xref: AAO:0011117 ! visceral pouch 4
xref: SCTID:362858001 ! Entire fourth pharyngeal pouch
xref: TAO:0001134 ! pharyngeal pouch 4
property_value: external_definition "Fourth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011117", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-226-55763-4"}
synonym: "4th pharyngeal pouch endoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000578]
property_value: external_definition "A pouch that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.72, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000971", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000971", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M and Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0231071

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007126 ! pharyngeal pouch 5
name: pharyngeal pouch 5
def: "Rudimentary structure, becomes part of the fourth pouch contributing to thyroid C-cells[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Fifth_pouch]
comment: pouches 5 and 6 are hard to distinguish
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pharyngeal pouches 5" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001133]
synonym: "fifth visceral pouch" EXACT [XAO:0000255]
synonym: "5th branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral pouch 5" EXACT [XAO:0000255]
synonym: "5th pharyngeal pouch" RELATED  [VHOG:0001206]
synonym: "5th visceral pouch" RELATED  [VHOG:0001206]
synonym: "fifth pharyngeal pouch" RELATED  [VHOG:0001206]
synonym: "fifth visceral pouch" RELATED  [VHOG:0001206]
xref: XAO:0000255 ! visceral pouch 5
xref: ZFA:0001133 ! pharyngeal pouch 5
xref: VHOG:0001206 ! fifth pharyngeal pouch
xref: EFO:0003636 ! pharyngeal pouch 5
is_a: UBERON:0004117 ! pharyngeal pouch
xref: ncithesaurus:Fifth_Pharyngeal_Pouch ! Fifth Pharyngeal Pouch
xref: AAO:0011118 ! visceral pouch 5
xref: TAO:0001133 ! pharyngeal pouch 5
property_value: external_definition "Fifth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011118", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-226-55763-4"}
property_value: homology_notes "A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001206", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00472.x Graham A\, Okabe M\, Quinlan R\, The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1517185

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007127
name: pharyngeal pouch 6
def: "Along with the fourth pouch, contributes to the formation of the musculature and cartilage of the larynx[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_pouch_(embryology)#Sixth_pouch]
comment: pouches 5 and 6 are hard to distinguish
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "6th branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "6th arch branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal pouches 6" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001132]
synonym: "sixth visceral pouch" EXACT [XAO:0000265]
synonym: "visceral pouch 6" EXACT [XAO:0000265]
xref: XAO:0000265 ! visceral pouch 6
xref: ZFA:0001132 ! pharyngeal pouch 6
xref: EFO:0003635 ! pharyngeal pouch 6
is_a: UBERON:0004117 ! pharyngeal pouch
xref: AAO:0011119 ! visceral pouch 6
xref: TAO:0001132 ! pharyngeal pouch 6
property_value: external_definition "Sixth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011119", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ISBN:0-226-55763-4"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010021
name: dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 1
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007122 ! pharyngeal pouch 1
comment: Development notes: in humans, dorsal diverticulum deepens as the tubotympanic recess to form the auditory tube[ISBN10:1607950324]
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 1" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 1 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal 1st branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal branchial pouch 1 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010022
name: ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 1
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007122 ! pharyngeal pouch 1
comment: Development notes: in humans, the ventral portion of pouches 1 and 2 are obliterated by the developing tongue[ISBN10:1607950324]
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 1" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 1 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral 1st branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral branchial pouch 1 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010023
name: dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007123 ! pharyngeal pouch 2
comment: Development notes: in humans, persists as the tonsillar fossa - the endodermal lining covers the mesodermal lymphatic tissue to form the palatine tonsil[ISBN10:1607950324]
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 2" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 2 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal 2nd branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal branchial pouch 2 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010024
name: ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 2
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007123 ! pharyngeal pouch 2
comment: Development notes: in humans, the ventral portion of pouches 1 and 2 are obliterated by the developing tongue[ISBN10:1607950324]
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 2" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 2 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral 2nd branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral branchial pouch 2 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010025
name: dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007124 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal pouch 3
xref: EHDAA2:0000409 ! dorsal 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16758 ! dorsal
synonym: "dorsal 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000409]
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 3" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 3 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal 3rd branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal branchial pouch 3 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010026
name: ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007124 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal pouch 3
xref: EHDAA2:0002173 ! ventral 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16759 ! ventral
synonym: "ventral 3rd arch pharyngeal pouch endoderm" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002173]
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 3" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 3 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral 3rd branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral branchial pouch 3 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010027
name: dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007125 ! pharyngeal pouch 4
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 4" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 4 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal 4th branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal branchial pouch 4 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010028
name: ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 4
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007125 ! pharyngeal pouch 4
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 4" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 2 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral 4th branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral branchial pouch 4 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010029
name: dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 5
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007126 ! pharyngeal pouch 5
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 5" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal pharyngeal pouch 5 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal 5th branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal branchial pouch 5 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010030
name: ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 5
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007126 ! pharyngeal pouch 5
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 5" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral pharyngeal pouch 5 endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral 5th branchial pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral branchial pouch 5 endoderm" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003702 ! inguinal canal
name: inguinal canal
def: "The inguinal canal is a passage in the anterior (toward the front of the body) abdominal wall which in men conveys the spermatic cord + the ilioinguinal nerve and in women the round ligament + the ilioinguinal nerve. The inguinal canal is larger and more prominent in men. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inguinal_canal]
xref: FMA:19928 ! Inguinal canal
xref: GAID:28 ! inguinal canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gray1227.png/200px-Gray1227.png
xref: EMAPA:19171 ! inguinal canal of female reproductive system (also: UBERON:0004353 'female inguinal canal')
xref: EMAPA:26913 ! inguinal canal of male reproductive system (also: UBERON:0004354 'male inguinal canal')
xref: MESH:A01.047.412 ! inguinal canal
is_a: UBERON:0004111 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical conduit
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003697 {source="Wikipedia"} ! abdominal wall
xref: SCTID:243966008 ! Entire inguinal canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Inguinal_Canal ! inguinal canal
synonym: "canalis inguinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inguinal_canal]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Gray1227.png
xref: UMLS:C0021445

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004353
name: female inguinal canal
def: "An inguinal canal that is part of a female organism. Conveys the round ligament + the ilioinguinal nerve.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inguinal_canal#Contents, MP:0008015]
comment: AO notes: in MP, this is implicitly part of female reproductive system, but not female genitalia
xref: EMAPA:19171 ! inguinal canal of female reproductive system (also: UBERON:0003702 'inguinal canal')
intersection_of: UBERON:0003702 ! inguinal canal
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004354
name: male inguinal canal
def: "An inguinal canal that is part of a male organism. Conveys the spermatic cord and its coverings + the ilioinguinal nerve.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inguinal_canal#Contents, MP:0008016]
comment: AO notes: in MP, this is implicitly part of male reproductive system, but not male genitalia
xref: EMAPA:26913 ! inguinal canal of male reproductive system (also: UBERON:0003702 'inguinal canal')
intersection_of: UBERON:0003702 ! inguinal canal
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004355
name: podocyte foot process
def: "the footlike extension of podocytes that interdigitate with one another to form the walls of the glomerular capillaries" [MP:0008059]
comment: TODO - submit to GO
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of CL:0000653 ! podocyte

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004361
name: stylohyoid ligament
def: "the fibrous cord that connects the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone" [MP:0009918, Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament]
synonym: "stylo-hyoid ligament" EXACT [MA:0002957]
synonym: "ligamentum stylohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum stylohyoideum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament]
xref: FMA:72308 ! stylohyoid ligament
xref: MA:0002957 ! stylohyoid ligament
is_a: UBERON:0008846 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal ligament
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004368 {source="MP-implied-by-def"} ! Reichert's cartilage
relationship: connects UBERON:0003960 {source="Wikipedia"} ! styloid process
relationship: connects UBERON:0003998 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hyoid bone lesser horn
xref: SCTID:66275001 ! Entire stylohyoid ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004365
name: vitelline blood vessel
def: "blood vesself of the yolk sac." [MP:0001719]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004374 ! vitelline vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004374
name: vitelline vasculature
def: "vasculature of the yolk sac." [MP:0001719]
synonym: "omphalomesenteric system" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "vitelline system" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "vitelline bloos vessel system" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: overlaps UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004367
name: Descemet's membrane
def: "transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP]. The strong, resistant, thin, noncellular fourth layer of the cornea, located between the endothelium (from which it is secreted) and the stroma. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)." [MP:0004285]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "Descemet membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "Descemet's posterior elastic lamina" EXACT [FMA:58309]
synonym: "posterior limiting lamina of cornea " EXACT [FMA:58309]
synonym: "lamina limitans posterior" EXACT [FMA:58309]
synonym: "posterior limiting lamina " EXACT [MA:0001246]
synonym: "posterior limiting lamina" EXACT [MA:0001246]
synonym: "posterior limiting lamina of cornea" EXACT [FMA:58309]
xref: GAID:894 ! descemet's membrane
xref: FMA:58309 ! posterior limiting lamina of cornea 
xref: MA:0001246 ! posterior limiting lamina 
xref: ncithesaurus:Descemet_s_Membrane ! Descemet's Membrane
xref: ZFA:0001686 ! Descemet's membrane
xref: EMAPA:18804 ! Descemet's membrane
xref: MESH:A09.371.060.217.271 ! descemet's membrane
is_a: UBERON:0005769 ! basement membrane
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001985 ! corneal endothelium
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001777 ! substantia propria of cornea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
xref: SCTID:281076002 ! Entire Descemet's membrane
xref: TAO:0002157 ! Descemet's membrane
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that is the innermost layer of the cornea and consists of a monolayer of ploygonal cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002157", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3"}
xref: UMLS:C0011665

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010354 ! Reichert's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
name: Reichert's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "hyoid cartilage pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:17351]
synonym: "future Reichert's cartilage" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17351 ! hyoid cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010254 {source="EHDAA2", source="doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x"} ! 2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004368
name: Reichert's cartilage
def: "a continuous cartilaginous formation in mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch in the embryo. The longer cranial or styloid segment is continuous with the otic capsule; its inferior end is angulated and is situated very close to the oropharynx. The smaller caudal segment is in contact with the body and greater horn of the hyoid cartilaginous structure" [MP:0004916, doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00524.x]
comment: AO notes: in EHDAA2 this also develops from 3rd arch Mes from NC. Development notes: Classically defined as: a structure... develop the stapes, the styloid processes, the stylohyoid ligaments, and the lesser cornua of the hyoid bone; its proximal end gives rise to the stylohyoid ligament. Relationship to stapes disputed.
synonym: "Reichert cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "hyaloid cartilage" EXACT [MP:0004916]
synonym: "second pharyngeal arch cartilage" EXACT [MP:0004916]
synonym: "second branchial arch cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "hyoid cartilage" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000793]
xref: EMAPA:17622 ! hyoid cartilage cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000793 ! hyoid cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001557 {source="EHDAA2"} ! upper respiratory tract
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010354 ! Reichert's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004369
name: Reichert's membrane
def: "An nonvascular extraembryonic basement membrane that forms on the inner surface of the trophectoderm during placenta morphogenesis and is secreted by the distal parietal endoderm; required for the maternofetal exchange of nutrients and is important for the postgastrulation development[MP]. a thick multilayered basement membrane between the parietal endoderm cells and the trophoblast cells" [DOI:10.1007/BF00184752, MP:0003954]
xref: EMAPA:16057 ! Reichert's membrane
is_a: UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0000088 ! trophoblast
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004370
name: anterior limiting lamina of cornea
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior limiting lamina of cornea" EXACT [FMA:58273]
synonym: "Bowman's anterior elastic lamina" EXACT [FMA:58273]
synonym: "Bowman's membrane" EXACT [FMA:58273]
synonym: "Reichert's membrane" RELATED DUBIOUS [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2956371&group_id=76834&atid=974957]
synonym: "Bowman's layer" EXACT [FMA:58273]
synonym: "lamina limitans anterior (cornea)" EXACT [FMA:58273]
synonym: "anterior limiting lamina" EXACT [MA:0001240]
xref: FMA:58273 ! anterior limiting lamina of cornea
xref: ncithesaurus:Bowman_s_Membrane ! Bowman's Membrane
xref: ZFA:0001684 ! Bowman's layer
xref: MA:0001240 ! anterior limiting lamina
is_a: UBERON:0005769 ! basement membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000964 ! cornea
xref: SCTID:281075003 ! Entire Bowman's layer
xref: TAO:0002155 ! Bowman's layer
property_value: external_definition "Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002155", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3"}
xref: UMLS:C0229127

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004375
name: bone of free limb or fin
def: "A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "appendage bone" EXACT []
synonym: "bone of appendage" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011582 ! limb/fin skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004376
name: fin bone
def: "A bone that is part of a fin [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of fin" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008897 ! fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012353 ! fin skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004382 ! epiphysis of humerus
name: epiphysis of humerus
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "humeral epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:32825 ! Epiphysis of humerus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
xref: SCTID:313054009 ! Epiphysis of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004383
name: epiphysis of tibia
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tibial epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33112]
xref: FMA:33112 ! Epiphysis of tibia
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! part_of tibia
xref: SCTID:314626006 ! Tibial epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004384
name: epiphysis of femur
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "femoral epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:32838]
xref: FMA:32838 ! Epiphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! part_of femur
xref: SCTID:314625005 ! Femoral epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004385
name: epiphysis of radius
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "radial epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33770]
xref: FMA:33770 ! Epiphysis of radius
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! part_of radius
xref: SCTID:313055005 ! Epiphysis of radius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004386
name: epiphysis of ulna
def: "An epiphysis that is part of an ulna [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ulnar epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33748]
xref: FMA:33748 ! Epiphysis of ulna
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! part_of ulna
xref: SCTID:313056006 ! Epiphysis of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004387
name: epiphysis of phalanx of manus
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiphysis of phalanx of finger" EXACT []
xref: FMA:240707 ! epiphysis of phalanx of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of manus
xref: SCTID:314620000 ! Epiphysis of phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011973
name: epiphysis of phalanx of pes
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a pes [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiphysis of phalanx of toe" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: SCTID:314621001 ! Epiphysis of phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004388
name: epiphysis of fibula
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibula epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33726]
xref: FMA:33726 ! Epiphysis of fibula
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! part_of fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004389
name: epiphysis of metatarsal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33814]
synonym: "metatarsal epiphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "epiphysis of metatarsal" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33814 ! Epiphysis of metatarsal bone
xref: SCTID:313057002 ! Epiphysis of metacarpal
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001448 ! part_of metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004390
name: epiphysis of metacarpal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33792]
synonym: "metacarpal epiphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "epiphysis of metacarpal" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33792 ! Epiphysis of metacarpal bone
xref: SCTID:314907001 ! Epiphysis of metatarsal
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002374 ! part_of metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004391
name: epiphysis of first metacarpal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33793]
synonym: "metacarpal 1 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33793 ! Epiphysis of first metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003645 ! part_of metacarpal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004392
name: epiphysis of second metacarpal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33794]
synonym: "metacarpal 2 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33794 ! Epiphysis of second metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003646 ! part_of metacarpal bone of digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004393
name: epiphysis of third metacarpal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86328]
synonym: "metacarpal 3 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86328 ! Epiphysis of third metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003647 ! part_of metacarpal bone of digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004394
name: epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86329]
synonym: "metacarpal 4 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86329 ! Epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003648 ! part_of metacarpal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011104
name: epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone
synonym: "fifth metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT  [FMA:86330]
synonym: "metacarpal 5 epiphysis" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003649 ! metacarpal bone of digit 5
xref: FMA:86330 ! epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004395
name: epiphysis of first metatarsal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33815]
synonym: "metatarsal 1 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33815 ! Epiphysis of first metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003650 ! part_of metatarsal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004396
name: epiphysis of second metatarsal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33816]
synonym: "metatarsal 2 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33816 ! Epiphysis of second metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003651 ! part_of metatarsal bone of digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004397
name: epiphysis of third metatarsal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86313]
synonym: "metatarsal 3 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86313 ! Epiphysis of third metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003652 ! part_of metatarsal bone of digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004398
name: epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86314]
synonym: "metatarsal 4 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86314 ! Epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003653 ! part_of metatarsal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004399
name: epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86315]
synonym: "metatarsal 5 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86315 ! Epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003654 ! part_of metatarsal bone of digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004400
name: bone tissue of epiphysis
def: "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:241364 ! Bone tissue of epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001437 ! part_of epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004401
name: bone tissue of distal epiphysis
def: "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a distal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:241374 ! Bone tissue of distal epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004379 ! part_of distal epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004402
name: bone tissue of proximal epiphysis
def: "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:241372 ! Bone tissue of proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004380 ! part_of proximal epiaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004403
name: periosteum of epiphysis
def: "A periosteum that is part of a epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiphysis periosteum" EXACT [FMA:32687]
xref: FMA:32687 ! Periosteum of epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002515 ! periosteum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001437 ! part_of epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004404
name: distal epiphysis of humerus
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of humerus" EXACT [FMA:32826]
synonym: "lower end of humerus" EXACT [FMA:32826]
xref: FMA:32826 ! Distal epiphysis of humerus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
xref: SCTID:310655007 ! Entire distal end of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004405
name: distal epiphysis of tibia
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33116]
synonym: "lower end of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33116]
xref: FMA:33116 ! Distal epiphysis of tibia
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
xref: SCTID:302527001 ! Entire lower end of tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004406
name: distal epiphysis of femur
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal femoral epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "distal head of femur" RELATED [AAO:0000893]
xref: FMA:32844 ! Distal epiphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
xref: SCTID:280016000 ! Entire distal epiphysis of femur
xref: AAO:0000893 ! distal head
property_value: external_definition "Head of the femur that articulates with the tibia and fibula.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000893", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004407
name: distal epiphysis of radius
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of radius" EXACT [FMA:33776]
synonym: "lower end of radius" EXACT [FMA:33776]
xref: FMA:33776 ! Distal epiphysis of radius
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius
xref: SCTID:280013008 ! Entire distal epiphysis of radius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004408
name: distal epiphysis of ulna
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33754]
synonym: "lower end of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33754]
xref: FMA:33754 ! Distal epiphysis of ulna
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
xref: SCTID:302521000 ! Entire distal end of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004409
name: distal epiphysis of phalanx of manus
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal epiphysis of phalanx of finger" EXACT []
xref: FMA:226577 ! Distal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! part_of phalanx of manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011974
name: epiphysis of proximal phalanx of pes
synonym: "epiphysis of proximal phalanx of toe" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003868 ! proximal phalanx of pes
xref: SCTID:280047006 ! Epiphysis of proximal phalanx of toe
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011975
name: epiphysis of middle phalanx of pes
synonym: "epiphysis of middle phalanx of toe" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003866 ! middle phalanx of toe
xref: SCTID:280048001 ! Epiphysis of middle phalanx of toe
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011976
name: epiphysis of distal phalanx of pes
synonym: "epiphysis of distal phalanx of toe" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of pes
xref: SCTID:280049009 ! Epiphysis of distal phalanx of toe
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011977
name: epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manus
synonym: "epiphysis of proximal phalanx of finger" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of manus
xref: SCTID:280044004 ! Epiphysis of proximal phalanx of finger
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011978
name: epiphysis of middle phalanx of manus
synonym: "epiphysis of middle phalanx of finger" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003864 ! middle phalanx of manus
xref: SCTID:280045003 ! Epiphysis of middle phalanx of finger
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011979
name: epiphysis of distal phalanx of manus
synonym: "epiphysis of distal phalanx of finger" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003865 ! distal phalanx of manus
xref: SCTID:280046002 ! Epiphysis of distal phalanx of finger
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004410
name: distal epiphysis of fibula
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of fibula" EXACT [FMA:33732]
synonym: "lower end of fibula" EXACT [FMA:33732]
xref: FMA:33732 ! Distal epiphysis of fibula
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
xref: SCTID:129111008 ! Epiphysis of distal fibula
xref: SCTID:280018004 ! Distal fibular epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012291
name: lateral malleolus of fibula
synonym: "distal extremity of fibula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Malleolus#Lateral_malleolus]
synonym: "external malleolus of fibula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Malleolus#Lateral_malleolus]
synonym: "lateral malleolus" BROAD [FMA:35502]
synonym: "fibular malleolus" RELATED []
synonym: "malleolar bone" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "malleolar bone of ankle" NARROW SENSU []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004410 ! distal epiphysis of fibula
xref: FMA:35502 ! lateral malleolus
xref: SCTID:361795009 ! Entire lateral malleolus of fibula
property_value: taxon_notes "In bovids, the distal end of the fibula is present only as the lateral malleolus, a separate bone that articulates with the lateral side of the distal tibia." xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:9895", source="UBERON:skansa", seeAlso="UBERON:0004410"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004411
name: proximal epiphysis of humerus
def: "The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles." [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "head of the humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "humeral head" RELATED [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "proximal humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "upper extremity of humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "proximal humeral epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "proximal end of humerus" EXACT [FMA:23362]
synonym: "upper end of humerus" EXACT [FMA:23362]
xref: FMA:23362 ! Proximal epiphysis of humerus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
xref: SCTID:280028008 ! Proximal humeral epiphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Gray207.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004412
name: proximal epiphysis of femur
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal femoral epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:32841 ! Proximal epiphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
xref: SCTID:244702009 ! Entire proximal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004413
name: proximal epiphysis of radius
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal radial epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "proximal end of radius" EXACT [FMA:39780]
synonym: "upper end of radius" EXACT [FMA:39780]
xref: FMA:39780 ! Proximal epiphysis of radius
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius
xref: SCTID:280029000 ! Entire proximal epiphysis of radius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004414
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manus
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of finger" EXACT [FMA:226482]
synonym: "base of phalanx of finger" EXACT [FMA:226482]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger" EXACT []
xref: FMA:226482 ! Proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! part_of phalanx of manus
synonym: "basis phalangis manus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:226482]
xref: SCTID:272704004 ! Base of phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013121
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of pes
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of foot" EXACT  [FMA:32888]
synonym: "base of phalanx of foot" EXACT  [FMA:32888]
synonym: "basis phalangis (pedis)" EXACT  [FMA:32888]
synonym: "basis phalangis pedis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of pes
xref: FMA:32888 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of toe
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of toe" EXACT [FMA:32888]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004415
name: proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:33817]
synonym: "proximal end of metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:33817]
synonym: "upper end of metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:33817]
xref: FMA:33817 ! Proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
synonym: "basis ossis metatarsi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:33817]
xref: SCTID:119545008 ! Structure of base of metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004416
name: proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:33795]
synonym: "metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:33795]
synonym: "proximal end of metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:33795]
synonym: "upper end of metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:33795]
xref: FMA:33795 ! Proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
synonym: "basis ossis metacarpi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:33795]
xref: SCTID:272695001 ! Entire base of metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004417
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 1 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37489]
synonym: "base of phalanx of first digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37489]
synonym: "base of phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37489]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37489 ! Proximal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003620 ! part_of manual digit 1 phalanx
xref: SCTID:272700008 ! Entire base of phalanx of thumb
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37489]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004418
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 2
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 2 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37498]
synonym: "base of phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37498]
synonym: "base of phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37498]
synonym: "base of phalanx of second finger" EXACT [FMA:37498]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 2" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37498 ! Proximal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003636 ! part_of manual digit 2 phalanx
xref: SCTID:368307004 ! Entire base of phalanx of index finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37498]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004419
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 3
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 3 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37510]
synonym: "base of phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37510]
synonym: "base of phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37510]
synonym: "base of phalanx of third finger" EXACT [FMA:37510]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 3" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37510 ! Proximal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003637 ! part_of manual digit 3 phalanx
xref: SCTID:181997000 ! Base of middle phalanx of finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37510]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004420
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 4
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 4 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37522]
synonym: "base of phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37522]
synonym: "base of phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37522]
synonym: "base of phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37522]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 4" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37522 ! Proximal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003638 ! part_of manual digit 4 phalanx
xref: SCTID:368337008 ! Entire base of phalanx of ring finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37522]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004421
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 5 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "base of phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "base of phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "base of phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37534 ! Proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003639 ! part_of manual digit 5 phalanx
xref: SCTID:368351008 ! Entire base of phalanx of little finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37534]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004422
name: proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of first metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42788]
synonym: "first metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42788]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metacarpal 1" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42788 ! Proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1
xref: SCTID:181978000 ! Entire base of first metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004423
name: proximal epiphysis of second metacarpal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of second metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42791]
synonym: "proximal end of second metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42791]
synonym: "second metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42791]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metacarpal 2" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42791 ! Proximal epiphysis of second metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003646 ! metacarpal bone of digit 2
xref: SCTID:263461004 ! Entire base of second metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004424
name: proximal epiphysis of third metacarpal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of third metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42794]
synonym: "proximal end of third metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42794]
synonym: "third metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42794]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metacarpal 3" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42794 ! Proximal epiphysis of third metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3
xref: SCTID:263465008 ! Entire base of third metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004425
name: proximal epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of fourth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42797]
synonym: "fourth metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42797]
synonym: "proximal end of fourth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42797]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metacarpal 4" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42797 ! Proximal epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4
xref: SCTID:263469002 ! Entire base of fourth metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004426
name: proximal epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of fifth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42800]
synonym: "fifth metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42800]
synonym: "proximal end of fifth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42800]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metacarpal 5" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42800 ! Proximal epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003649 ! metacarpal bone of digit 5
xref: SCTID:263473004 ! Entire base of fifth metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004427
name: proximal epiphysis of first metatarsal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of first metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42963]
synonym: "proximal end of first metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42963]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metatarsal 1" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42963 ! Proximal epiphysis of first metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1
xref: SCTID:182124002 ! Entire base of first metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004428
name: proximal epiphysis of second metatarsal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of second metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42964]
synonym: "proximal end of second metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42964]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metatarsal 2" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42964 ! Proximal epiphysis of second metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2
xref: SCTID:182130002 ! Entire base of second metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004429
name: proximal epiphysis of third metatarsal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of third metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42965]
synonym: "proximal end of third metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42965]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metatarsal 3" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42965 ! Proximal epiphysis of third metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3
xref: SCTID:182135007 ! Entire base of third metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004430
name: proximal epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of fourth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42966]
synonym: "proximal end of fourth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42966]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metatarsal 4" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42966 ! Proximal epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4
xref: SCTID:182140004 ! Entire base of fourth metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004431
name: proximal epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of fifth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42967]
synonym: "proximal end of fifth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42967]
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of metatarsal 5" EXACT []
xref: FMA:42967 ! Proximal epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5
xref: SCTID:182145009 ! Entire base of fifth metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004432
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37505]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37505]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37505]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of second finger" EXACT [FMA:37505]
xref: FMA:37505 ! Proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004311 ! part_of distal phalanx of manual digit 2
xref: SCTID:263445001 ! Base of distal phalanx of index finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of index finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37505]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004433
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37517]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37517]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of third finger" EXACT [FMA:37517]
xref: FMA:37517 ! Proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004312 ! part_of distal phalanx of manual digit 3
xref: SCTID:263446000 ! Base of distal phalanx of middle finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of middle finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37517]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004434
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37529]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37529]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37529]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37529]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37529]
xref: FMA:37529 ! Proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004313 ! part_of distal phalanx of manual digit 4
xref: SCTID:263447009 ! Base of distal phalanx of ring finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of ring finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37529]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004435
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37541]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37541]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37541]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37541]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37541]
xref: FMA:37541 ! Proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004314 ! part_of distal phalanx of manual digit 5
xref: SCTID:263448004 ! Base of distal phalanx of little finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37541]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004436
name: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 2
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37502]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37502]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37502]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of second finger" EXACT [FMA:37502]
xref: FMA:37502 ! Proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004320 ! part_of middle phalanx of manual digit 2
xref: SCTID:263428006 ! Base of middle phalanx of index finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of index finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37502]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004437
name: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37514]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37514]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37514]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of third finger" EXACT [FMA:37514]
xref: FMA:37514 ! Proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004321 ! part_of middle phalanx of manual digit 3
xref: SCTID:263429003 ! Base of middle phalanx of middle finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of middle finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37514]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004438
name: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 4
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37526]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37526]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37526]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37526]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37526]
xref: FMA:37526 ! Proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004322 ! part_of middle phalanx of manual digit 4
xref: SCTID:263430008 ! Base of middle phalanx of ring finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of ring finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37526]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004439
name: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 5
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37538]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37538]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37538]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37538]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37538]
xref: FMA:37538 ! Proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004323 ! part_of middle phalanx of manual digit 5
xref: SCTID:263431007 ! Base of middle phalanx of little finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37538]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004440
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 2
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37499]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37499]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of second finger" EXACT [FMA:37499]
xref: FMA:37499 ! Proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004328 ! part_of proximal phalanx of manual digit 2
xref: SCTID:263412001 ! Base of proximal phalanx of index finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of index finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37499]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004441
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 3
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37511]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37511]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37511]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of third finger" EXACT [FMA:37511]
xref: FMA:37511 ! Proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004329 ! part_of proximal phalanx of manual digit 3
xref: SCTID:263413006 ! Base of proximal phalanx of middle finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of middle finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37511]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004442
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 4
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37523]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37523]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37523]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37523]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37523]
xref: FMA:37523 ! Proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004330 ! part_of proximal phalanx of manual digit 4
xref: SCTID:263414000 ! Base of proximal phalanx of ring finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of ring finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37523]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004443
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 5
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37535]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37535]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37535]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37535]
xref: FMA:37535 ! Proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004331 ! part_of proximal phalanx of manual digit 5
xref: SCTID:263415004 ! Base of proximal phalanx of little finger
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37535]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004444
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37493]
xref: FMA:37493 ! Proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004337 ! part_of distal phalanx of manual digit 1
xref: SCTID:182008001 ! Base of distal phalanx of thumb
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of thumb" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37493]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004445
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37490]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37490]
xref: FMA:37490 ! Proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004338 ! part_of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1
xref: SCTID:181993001 ! Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
synonym: "proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:37490]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004446
name: epiphysis of phalanx
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
xref: SCTID:280033007 ! Epiphysis of phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004447
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004448
name: distal epiphysis of phalanx
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013122
name: distal epiphysis of phalanx of pes
synonym: "caput phalangis (pedis)" EXACT  [FMA:32890]
synonym: "caput phalangis pedis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "distal end of phalanx of foot" EXACT  [FMA:32890]
synonym: "head of phalanx of foot" EXACT  [FMA:32890]
synonym: "distal epiphysis of phalanx of toe" EXACT [FMA:32890]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of pes
xref: FMA:32890 ! distal epiphysis of phalanx of toe
xref: SCTID:236801009 ! Entire head of phalanx of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004449 ! cerebral artery
name: cerebral artery
def: "One of three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which irrigate the cerebrum of the brain." [Wikipedia:Cerebral_artery]
xref: MA:0002562 ! cerebral artery
xref: XAO:0000367 ! cerebral artery
xref: GAID:484 ! cerebral artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Artery ! Cerebral Artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000233 ! cerebral artery
xref: EMAPA:18613 ! cerebral artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228 ! cerebral artery
xref: EHDAA:5294 ! cerebral artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001532 ! internal carotid artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003709 ! circle of Willis
xref: AAO:0010493 ! cerebral artery
xref: SCTID:181308008 ! Entire cerebral artery
property_value: external_definition "Part of the internal carotid containing many branches supplying blood to the chorioid plexuses of the brain.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010493", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of internal carotid (AAO:0010219)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010493", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0007770

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004450
name: gastric vein
xref: MA:0002128 ! gastric vein
xref: XAO:0000389 ! gastric vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Vein ! Gastric Vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: AAO:0011046 ! gastric vein
xref: SCTID:281060006 ! Entire gastric vein
xref: UMLS:C0750610

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004464
name: musculature of thorax
def: "A musculature that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: note BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here
synonym: "muscle group of thorax" EXACT [FMA:71293]
synonym: "muscles of thorax" EXACT [FMA:71293]
synonym: "thoracic musculature" EXACT [FMA:71293]
xref: FMA:71293 ! Musculature of thorax
xref: BTO:0000508 ! thorax muscle (also: UBERON:0002426 'chest muscle')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! part_of thorax
synonym: "musculi thoracis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71293]
synonym: "set of muscles of thorax" EXACT [FMA:71293]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004465
name: musculature of neck
def: "A musculature that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of neck" EXACT [FMA:71290]
synonym: "muscles of neck" EXACT [FMA:71290]
synonym: "neck musculature" EXACT [FMA:71290]
synonym: "cervical muscles" EXACT [AAO:0000091]
xref: FMA:71290 ! Musculature of neck
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.650 ! neck muscle (also: UBERON:0002377 'muscle of neck')
xref: AAO:0000091 ! cervical muscles
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! part_of neck
synonym: "musculi cervicis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71290]
synonym: "musculi colli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71290]
synonym: "set of muscles of neck" EXACT [FMA:71290]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004468
name: set of muscles of vertebral column
def: "A musculature that is part of a vertebral column [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:33061]
xref: FMA:33061 ! Set of muscles of vertebral column
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! part_of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004469
name: musculature of back
def: "A musculature that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of back" EXACT [FMA:71291]
synonym: "muscles of back" EXACT [FMA:71291]
xref: FMA:71291 ! Musculature of back
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001137 ! part_of back
synonym: "musculi dorsi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71291]
synonym: "set of muscles of back" EXACT [FMA:71291]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001325
name: muscle of pelvis
def: "Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani," [FMA:19086]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pelvic muscle" EXACT  [FMA:19086]
synonym: "pelvis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:19086 ! Muscle of pelvis
xref: MA:0000534 ! pelvis muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003833 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002355 {source="FMAdef"} ! pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001497
name: muscle of pelvic girdle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle.
synonym: "pelvic girdle muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "girdle-pelvic muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of girdle-pelvic" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of pelvic girdle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle bone muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:37367 ! Muscle of pelvic girdle
xref: MA:0000537 ! pelvic girdle muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001271 ! pelvic girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004470
name: musculature of pelvic girdle
alt_id: UBERON:0005633
alt_id: UBERON:0004485
def: "A musculature that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: we merge two FMA classes here
synonym: "pelvic girdle muscle system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001429]
synonym: "muscle group of pelvic girdle" EXACT [FMA:50205]
synonym: "pelvic girdle musculature" EXACT [FMA:50205]
synonym: "pelvic girdle muscles" EXACT [AAO:0000427]
xref: AAO:0000427 ! pelvic girdle muscles
xref: FMA:50205 ! Musculature of pelvic girdle
xref: EHDAA2:0001429 ! pelvic girdle muscle system
xref: FMA:50248 ! Set of muscles of pelvis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001271 ! part_of pelvic girdle region
synonym: "set of muscles of pelvic girdle" EXACT [FMA:50205]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004471
name: musculature of pectoral girdle
def: "A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle group of pectoral girdle" EXACT [FMA:33519]
synonym: "pectoral girdle musculature" EXACT [FMA:33519]
synonym: "pectoral girdle muscles" EXACT [AAO:0000423]
xref: FMA:33519 ! Musculature of pectoral girdle
xref: AAO:0000423 ! pectoral girdle muscles
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001421 ! part_of pectoral girdle region
synonym: "set of muscles of pectoral girdle" EXACT [FMA:33519]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008196
name: muscle of pectoral girdle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a pectoral girdle region." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of shoulder girdle" EXACT  [FMA:37347]
synonym: "pectoral girdle muscle" EXACT  [FMA:37347]
xref: FMA:37347 ! muscle of pectoral girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001421 ! part_of pectoral girdle region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004471 ! musculature of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001495
name: pectoral muscle
comment: This currently groups the major and minor muscles (which have different attachment sites) as well as the AAO structure: Muscle which is comprised of three heads. The anterior head is the portio epicoracoidea that originates on the epicoracoid cartilage and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The next more posterior head, portio sternalis, originates on the sternum and inserts in the groove next to the deltoid crest of the humerus. The most posterior head, portio abdominalis, arises from the M. rectus abdominis and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus
subset: uberon_slim
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "muscle of pectoral part of chest" EXACT  [FMA:37349]
synonym: "muscle of pectoral region" EXACT  [FMA:37349]
synonym: "pectoralis muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0000023]
synonym: "pectoralis" RELATED  []
synonym: "breast muscle" RELATED [BTO:0000023]
synonym: "M. pectoralis" EXACT [AAO:0010727]
xref: BTO:0000023
xref: FMA:37349 ! Pectoral muscle
xref: GAID:153 ! pectoralis muscle
xref: MA:0002423 ! pectoralis muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Muscle ! Pectoralis Muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pectoralis_major.png/200px-Pectoralis_major.png
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.775 ! pectoralis muscle
xref: AAO:0010727 ! M. pectoralis
is_a: UBERON:0008196 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of pectoral girdle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004464 {source="BTO"} ! musculature of thorax
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010984 ! pectoral pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:181621006 ! Entire pectoral muscle
property_value: external_definition "Muscle which is comprised of three heads. The anterior head is the portio epicoracoidea that originates on the epicoracoid cartilage and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The next more posterior head, portio sternalis, originates on the sternum and inserts in the groove next to the deltoid crest of the humerus. The most posterior head, portio abdominalis, arises from the M. rectus abdominis and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010727", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:MEJ"}
xref: UMLS:C0030747

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010984 ! pectoral pre-muscle mass
name: pectoral pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0001423 ! pectoral pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001100
name: pectoralis minor
def: "The Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the Pectoralis major. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pectoralis_minor_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pectoralis minor muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "supracoracoideus" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "supracoracoideus muscle" NARROW SENSU []
xref: EHDAA:8313 ! pectoralis minor
xref: FMA:13109 ! Pectoralis minor
xref: VHOG:0000902 ! pectoralis minor
xref: MA:0002355 ! pectoralis minor
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Minor ! Pectoralis Minor
xref: EHDAA2:0001425 ! pectoralis minor
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pectoralis_minor.png/200px-Pectoralis_minor.png
xref: EMAPA:18180 ! pectoralis minor
is_a: UBERON:0001495 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral muscle
xref: SCTID:181625002 ! Entire pectoralis minor muscle
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "musculus pectoralis minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectoralis_minor_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007174 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula"} ! medial part of scapula
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="third to fifth ribs near their costal cartilages"} ! rib
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Pectoralis_minor.png
xref: UMLS:C0224347

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002381
name: pectoralis major
def: "The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the upper front of the chest wall. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles in the male and lies under the breast in the female. Underneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pectoralis_major_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pectoralis major muscle structure" EXACT [SCTID:60005003]
synonym: "pectoralis major muscle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA:8311 ! pectoralis major
xref: FMA:9627 ! Pectoralis major
xref: VHOG:0000895 ! pectoralis major
xref: MA:0002354 ! pectoralis major
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Major ! Pectoralis Major
xref: EHDAA2:0001424 ! pectoralis major
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pectoralis_major.png/200px-Pectoralis_major.png
xref: EMAPA:18179 ! pectoralis major
is_a: UBERON:0001495 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral muscle
xref: SCTID:60005003 ! Pectoralis major muscle structure
xref: SCTID:181624003 ! Entire pectoralis major muscle
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "Musculus pectoralis major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectoralis_major_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001105 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle"} ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000975 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior surface of the sternum and the superior six costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle"} ! sternum
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003726 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerveClavicular head: C5 and C6Sternocostal head: C7 C8 and T1"} ! thoracic nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Pectoralis_major.png
xref: UMLS:C0585574

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008779
name: subclavius
def: "The Subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, the subclavius muscle makes up the anterior wall of the axilla." [Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle]
synonym: "subclavicular muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001495 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral muscle
xref: FMA:13410 ! subclavius
xref: ncithesaurus:Subclavius ! Subclavius
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004601 {source="dbpedia"} ! rib 1
synonym: "musculus subclavius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001105 {source="dbpedia", notes="subclavian groove of clavicle"} ! clavicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Gray411subclavius.png
xref: UMLS:C0224348

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004472
name: musculature of chest
def: "A musculature that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest musculature" EXACT [FMA:74779]
xref: FMA:74779 ! Musculature of chest
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001443 ! part_of chest
synonym: "set of muscles of chest" EXACT [FMA:74779]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004474
name: musculature of arm
def: "A musculature that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm musculature" EXACT [FMA:50202]
synonym: "muscle group of arm" EXACT [FMA:50202]
xref: FMA:50202 ! Musculature of arm
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! part_of arm
synonym: "set of muscles of arm" EXACT [FMA:50202]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004475
name: musculature of hip
def: "A musculature that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip musculature" EXACT [FMA:50227]
synonym: "muscle group of hip" EXACT [FMA:50227]
xref: FMA:50227 ! Musculature of hip
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001464 ! part_of hip
synonym: "set of muscles of hip" EXACT [FMA:50227]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004476
name: musculature of shoulder
def: "A musculature that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of shoulder" EXACT [FMA:50220]
xref: FMA:50220 ! Musculature of shoulder
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001467 ! part_of shoulder
synonym: "set of muscles of shoulder" EXACT [FMA:50220]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004477
name: tongue musculature
def: "A musculature that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of tongue" EXACT [FMA:71289]
synonym: "muscles of tongue" EXACT [FMA:71289]
xref: FMA:71289 ! set of muscles of tongue
synonym: "set of muscles of tongue" EXACT [FMA:71289]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! part_of tongue
synonym: "musculi linguae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71289]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004478
name: musculature of larynx
def: "A musculature that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngeal muscles" EXACT [FMA:46616]
synonym: "laryngeal muscles set" EXACT [FMA:46616]
synonym: "muscle group of larynx" EXACT [FMA:46616]
xref: FMA:264611 ! Musculature of larynx
xref: FMA:46616 ! Set of laryngeal muscles
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.500 ! laryngeal muscle (also: UBERON:0001568 'muscle of larynx')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! larynx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! part_of larynx
synonym: "set of muscles of larynx" EXACT [FMA:264611]
synonym: "set of laryngeal muscles" EXACT [FMA:46616]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004479
name: musculature of trunk
def: "A musculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of trunk" EXACT [FMA:50187]
xref: FMA:50187 ! Musculature of trunk
xref: EFO:0003531 ! trunk musculature (also: UBERON:0001774 'muscle of trunk')
xref: AAO:0011572 ! trunk musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! part_of trunk
synonym: "set of muscles of trunk" EXACT [FMA:50187]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004480
name: musculature of limb
alt_id: UBERON:0005635
def: "A musculature that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb muscle system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000995]
synonym: "limb musculature" EXACT [FMA:50188]
synonym: "muscle group of limb" EXACT [FMA:50188]
xref: FMA:50188 ! Musculature of limb
xref: EHDAA2:0000995 ! limb muscle system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! part_of limb
synonym: "set of muscles of limb" EXACT [FMA:50188]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004481
name: musculature of upper limb
def: "A musculature that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscles of upper limb" EXACT [FMA:71296]
synonym: "upper limb musculature" EXACT [FMA:71296]
xref: FMA:71296 ! Musculature of upper limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! part_of forelimb
synonym: "musculi membri superioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71296]
synonym: "set of muscles of upper limb" EXACT [FMA:71296]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004482
name: musculature of lower limb
def: "A musculature that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscles of lower limb" EXACT [FMA:71297]
xref: FMA:71297 ! Musculature of lower limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! part_of hindlimb
synonym: "musculi membri inferioris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71297]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004483
name: iliocostalis musculature
def: "A musculature that is part of a iliocostalis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iliocostalis muscle group" EXACT [FMA:33062]
synonym: "iliocostalis muscles set" EXACT [FMA:33062]
synonym: "set of iliocostalis muscles" EXACT [FMA:33062]
xref: FMA:33062 ! set of iliocostalis muscles
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002251 ! part_of iliocostalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004484
name: splenius musculature
def: "A musculature that is part of a splenius [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "splenius muscle group" EXACT [FMA:22596]
synonym: "splenius muscles set" EXACT [FMA:22596]
synonym: "set of splenius muscles" EXACT [FMA:22596]
xref: FMA:22596 ! set of splenius muscles
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002252 ! part_of splenius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004486
name: musculature of perineum
def: "A musculature that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "perineal muscles" EXACT [FMA:71295]
synonym: "perineal muscles set" EXACT [FMA:71295]
xref: FMA:71295 ! Musculature of perineum
xref: EMAPA:18923 ! muscle of perineal body of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002356 ! perineum
synonym: "musculi perinei" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71295]
synonym: "set of perineal muscles" EXACT [FMA:71295]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004487
name: musculature of forearm
def: "A musculature that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of forearm" EXACT [FMA:39089]
xref: FMA:39089 ! Musculature of forearm
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002386 ! part_of lower arm
synonym: "set of muscles of forearm" EXACT [FMA:39089]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004488
name: musculature of pes
def: "A musculature that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot musculature" EXACT [FMA:50214]
synonym: "muscle group of foot" EXACT [FMA:50214]
xref: FMA:50214 ! Musculature of foot
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! part_of pes
synonym: "musculature of foot" EXACT [FMA:50214]
synonym: "set of muscles of foot" EXACT [FMA:50214]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004489
name: musculature of manus
def: "A musculature that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand musculature" EXACT [FMA:42368]
synonym: "muscle group of hand" EXACT [FMA:42368]
xref: FMA:42368 ! Musculature of hand
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! part_of manus
synonym: "musculature of hand" EXACT [FMA:42368]
synonym: "set of muscles of hand" EXACT [FMA:42368]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004490
name: cardiac muscle tissue of atrium
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7283 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of atrium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004491
name: cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84083 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002085 ! part_of interatrial septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004492
name: cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:226279 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002099 ! part_of cardiac septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004494
name: cardiac muscle tissue of papillary muscle
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84425 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of papillary muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002494 ! part_of papillary muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004495
name: skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261898 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004496
name: skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a iliacus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261992 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001369 ! iliacus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004497
name: skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a gluteus maximus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261980 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001370 ! gluteus maximus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004498
name: skeletal muscle tissue of quadriceps femoris
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a quadriceps femoris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261998 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of quadriceps femoris
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004499
name: skeletal muscle tissue of tibialis anterior
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tibialis anterior [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:262004 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of tibialis anterior
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001385 ! tibialis anterior

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004500
name: skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261732 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001476 ! deltoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004501
name: skeletal muscle tissue of teres major
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a teres major [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261962 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of teres major
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001478 ! teres major

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004502
name: skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261974 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004503
name: skeletal muscle tissue of digastric
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a digastric [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261872 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of digastric
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001562 ! digastric

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004504
name: skeletal muscle tissue of mylohyoid
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mylohyoid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261878 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of mylohyoid
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001564 ! mylohyoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004505
name: skeletal muscle tissue of orbicularis oculi
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a orbicularis oculi [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261812 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of orbicularis oculi
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001578 ! orbicularis oculi

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004506
name: skeletal muscle tissue of masseter
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a masseter [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261824 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of masseter
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004507
name: skeletal muscle tissue of temporalis
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a temporalis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261740 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of temporalis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001598 ! temporalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004508
name: skeletal muscle tissue of levator palpebrae superioris
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a levator palpebrae superioris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261782 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of levator palpebrae superioris
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001604 ! levator palpebrae superioris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004509
name: skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261938 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002380 ! trapezius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004510
name: skeletal muscle tissue of pectoralis major
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pectoralis major [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261968 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of pectoralis major
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002381 ! pectoralis major

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004511
name: skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261924 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002382 ! rectus abdominis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004512
name: skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a supraspinatus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261956 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002383 ! supraspinatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004513
name: skeletal muscle tissue of internal intercostal muscle
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a internal intercostal muscle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261888 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of internal intercostal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002403 ! internal intercostal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004514
name: skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a transversus thoracis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261892 ! Skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002404 ! transversus thoracis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004515
name: smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [FMA:261081]
xref: FMA:261045 ! Smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole
xref: FMA:261081 ! Smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004516
name: smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261051 ! Smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002187 ! terminal bronchiole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004517
name: smooth muscle tissue of respiratory bronchiole
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261055 ! Smooth muscle tissue of respiratory bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002188 ! respiratory bronchiole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004518
name: muscle of vertebral column
def: "A muscle that is attached to a vertebra of the vertebral column." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "vertebral column muscle" EXACT [FMA:22594]
xref: FMA:22594 ! Muscle of vertebral column
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008549
name: prevertebral muscle
def: "The prevertebral muscles are the muscles located between the prevertebral fascia (older definition) and the vertebral column, i.e. , the longus capitis and longus colli muscles. It also includes the recti capitis anterior and lateralis." [Wikipedia:Prevertebral_muscles]
synonym: "flexor muscle of vertebral column" EXACT  [FMA:32514]
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
xref: FMA:32514 ! prevertebral muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Prevertebral_muscles.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002379
name: perineal muscle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "muscle of perineum" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of perineal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "perineal region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "perineum muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:9623 ! Perineal muscle
xref: MA:0000538 ! perineal muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Perineal_Muscle ! Perineal Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002356 ! perineum
xref: UMLS:C0224382

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004519
name: muscle of anal triangle
synonym: "anal triangle muscle" EXACT [FMA:77304]
xref: FMA:77304 ! Muscle of anal triangle
is_a: UBERON:0002379 {source="FMA"} ! perineal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006867 ! anal part of perineum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008715
name: muscle tissue of prostate
synonym: "prostate muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate gland muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! part_of prostate
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Muscular_Tissue ! Prostatic Muscular Tissue
def: "A muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1183911

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004520
name: striated muscle tissue of prostate
def: "A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:45716 ! Striated muscle tissue of prostate
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! part_of prostate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004243
name: prostate gland smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate gland involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate gland non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate gland smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscular tissue of prostate" EXACT [FMA:74245]
xref: MA:0001741 ! prostate gland smooth muscle
xref: FMA:74245 ! Smooth muscle tissue of prostate
xref: BTO:0003159 ! prostate gland smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! prostate
relationship: has_part CL:1000487 {source="FMA"} ! smooth muscle fiber of prostate
synonym: "substantia muscularis prostatae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:74245]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004521
name: vasculature of muscle organ
def: "A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscular organ vasculature" EXACT [FMA:87123]
xref: FMA:87123 ! Vasculature of muscle organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001630 ! part_of muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004522
name: vasculature of musculoskeletal system
def: "A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:239607 ! Vasculature of musculoskeletal system
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! part_of musculoskeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004525
name: cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle
def: "A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84429 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0003452 ! trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! part_of right ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006570 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! trabecula carnea of right ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004526
name: cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle
def: "A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84430 ! Cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0003452 ! trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! part_of left ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006571 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! trabecula carnea of left ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
name: anatomical projection
def: "a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ." [Wikipedia:Process_(anatomy)]
synonym: "projection" EXACT []
synonym: "process" BROAD [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "process of organ" NARROW []
synonym: "anatomical process" BROAD []
synonym: "organ process" NARROW []
synonym: "flange" NARROW  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "flanges" NARROW PLURAL  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "lamella" NARROW  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "lamellae" NARROW PLURAL  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "lamina" NARROW  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "laminae" NARROW  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "processes" NARROW PLURAL  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "projection" NARROW  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "projections" NARROW PLURAL  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "ridge" NARROW  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "ridges" NARROW PLURAL  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "shelf" NARROW  [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "shelves" NARROW PLURAL  [VSAO:0000180]
xref: HAO:0000822 ! process
xref: FMA:67601 ! Process of organ
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
subset: upper_level
xref: AAO:0010278 ! process
xref: XAO:0004020 ! process
xref: VSAO:0000180 ! process
xref: TAO:0001834 ! process
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, or tissue.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010278", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[VSAO]" xsd:string {ontology="VSAO", external_class="VSAO:0000180", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:curator"}
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001834", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
xref: galen:Ridge ! ridge

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
name: bony projection
def: "Anatomical projection that is composed of bone tissue." [VSAO:wd]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "projection of bone" EXACT []
synonym: "bone process" EXACT [FMA:75433]
xref: ZFA:0001637 ! bony projection
xref: FMA:75433 ! Bone process
intersection_of: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011769 ! cartilaginous projection
name: cartilaginous projection
def: "Anatomical projection that is composed of cartilage tissue." [VSAO:wd]
synonym: "cartilage process" EXACT []
synonym: "cartilaginous process" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004531 ! left side of organism
name: obsolete left side of organism
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004532 ! right side of organism
name: obsolete right side of organism
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004538 ! left kidney
name: left kidney
def: "A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7205 ! Left kidney
xref: MA:0001655 ! left kidney
intersection_of: UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Kidney ! Left Kidney
xref: SCTID:362209008 ! Entire left kidney
xref: UMLS:C0227614

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004539 ! right kidney
name: right kidney
def: "A kidney that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7204 ! Right kidney
xref: MA:0001683 ! right kidney
intersection_of: UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Kidney ! Right Kidney
xref: SCTID:362208000 ! Entire right kidney
xref: UMLS:C0227613

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004544
name: epididymis epithelium
def: "A simple columnar epithelium that is part of a epididymis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Epididymis epithelium" EXACT [FMA:19153]
synonym: "epithelium of epididymis" EXACT [FMA:19153]
xref: FMA:19153 ! Epithelium of epididymis
xref: MA:0002825 ! epididymis epithelium
xref: EMAPA:30445 ! epithelium of epididymis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004545
name: external capsule
def: "External capsule is an organ subdivision of the telencephalon which is made up primarily of myelinated axonal neural tissue (white matter). The external capsule is a sheet-like fiber bundle located lateral to the to the putamen and globus pallidus which projects dorsally to the white matter underlying the cerebral cortex[FMA]." [FMA:61959, Wikipedia:External_capsule]
xref: FMA:61959 ! External capsule
xref: MA:0002896 ! external capsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg/200px-Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0002437 ! cerebral white matter
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Capsule ! External Capsule
xref: SCTID:279300007 ! External capsule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010013 ! External capsule
synonym: "capsula externa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_capsule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0152345

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004546
name: cribriform plate
def: "The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities. Projecting upward from the middle line of this plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the crista galli, so called from its resemblance to a cock's comb. The long thin posterior border of the crista galli serves for the attachment of the falx cerebri. Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone, and presents two small projecting alæ, which are received into corresponding depressions in the frontal bone and complete the foramen cecum. Its sides are smooth, and sometimes bulging from the presence of a small air sinus in the interior. On either side of the crista galli, the cribriform plate is narrow and deeply grooved; it supports the olfactory bulb and is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves. The foramina in the middle of the groove are small and transmit the nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity; those at the medial and lateral parts of the groove are larger—the former transmit the nerves to the upper part of the nasal septum, the latter those to the superior nasal concha. At the front part of the cribriform plate, on either side of the crista galli, is a small fissure which is occupied by a process of dura mater. Lateral to this fissure is a notch or foramen which transmits the nasociliary nerve; from this notch a groove extends backward to the anterior ethmoidal foramen. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate]
synonym: "cribiform plate of ethmoid bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate]
synonym: "ethmoid bone lamina cribrosa" RELATED  [BTO:0004141]
synonym: "lamina cribrosa of ethmoid bone" RELATED  [BTO:0004141]
xref: FMA:52890 ! Cribriform plate
xref: MA:0002898 ! cribriform plate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray149.png/200px-Gray149.png
xref: BTO:0004141 ! cribriform plate
xref: EMAPA:19201 ! cribriform plate
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001679 {source="MA"} ! ethmoid
xref: SCTID:282814006 ! Entire cribriform plate
synonym: "lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray149.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004548
name: left eye
def: "An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left orbital part of face" NARROW [FMA:54450]
synonym: "left orbital region" NARROW [FMA:54450]
synonym: "left eyeball" EXACT [FMA:12515]
xref: FMA:12515 ! left eyeball
xref: MA:0002949 ! left eye
intersection_of: UBERON:0000970 ! eye
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:362503005 ! Entire left eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004549
name: right eye
def: "An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right orbital part of face" NARROW [FMA:54449]
synonym: "right orbital region" NARROW [FMA:54449]
synonym: "right eyeball" EXACT [FMA:12514]
xref: FMA:12514 ! right eyeball
xref: MA:0002950 ! right eye
intersection_of: UBERON:0000970 ! eye
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:362502000 ! Entire right eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010223 ! left pupil
name: left pupil
synonym: "pupil of left eye" EXACT  [FMA:58254]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001771 ! pupil
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004548 ! left eye
xref: FMA:58254 ! left pupil
xref: SCTID:368597006 ! Entire pupil of left eye
def: "A pupil that is part of a left eye." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010224 ! right pupil
name: right pupil
synonym: "pupil of right eye" EXACT  [FMA:58253]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001771 ! pupil
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004549 ! right eye
xref: FMA:58253 ! right pupil
xref: SCTID:368575009 ! Entire pupil of right eye
def: "A pupil that is part of a right eye." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004552 ! digital artery
name: digital artery
def: "An artery that is part of a digit [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: check part_of - do we need term for digit + metacarpal/tarsal bones?
xref: MA:0001941 ! digital artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002544 ! digit
xref: SCTID:181335004 ! Entire digital artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006163 ! dorsal digital artery
name: dorsal digital artery
def: "." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries#]
comment: Note Wikipedia article refers to manual dorsal digital artery
synonym: "dorsal digital arteries" EXACT [FMA:70801]
synonym: "dorsal digital arteries set" EXACT [FMA:70801]
xref: FMA:70801 ! set of dorsal digital arteries
is_a: UBERON:0004552 ! digital artery
synonym: "arteriae digitales dorsales" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:70801]
synonym: "set of dorsal digital arteries" RELATED [FMA:70801]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006145 ! dorsal digital artery of pes
name: dorsal digital artery of pes
def: "The dorsal digital arteries of foot are small arteries which supply the toes." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries_of_foot]
xref: FMA:44660 ! dorsal digital artery of foot
intersection_of: UBERON:0006163 ! dorsal digital arteries
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
xref: SCTID:230173000 ! Entire dorsal digital artery of foot
synonym: "arteriae digitales dorsales pedis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries_of_foot]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray553.png
synonym: "dorsal digital artery of foot" EXACT [FMA:44660]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006146 ! dorsal digital artery of manus
name: dorsal digital artery of manus
def: "Dorsal digital arteries arise from the bifurcation of dorsal metacarpal arteries. They travel along the sides and dorsal aspects of the phalanges of the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger. They communicate with the proper palmar digital arteries. They run with the dorsal digital nerves of ulnar nerve and dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries]
synonym: "dorsal digital artery" BROAD [Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries]
synonym: "dorsal digital artery of hand" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0006163 ! dorsal digital arteries
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
xref: SCTID:91793005 ! Entire dorsal digital artery of hand
synonym: "arteriae digitales dorsales manus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002389 {source="reference_0000032"} ! manual digit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006164
name: forelimb common dorsal digital arteries
synonym: "wing common dorsal digital arteries" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001954 ! forelimb common dorsal digital arteries
is_a: UBERON:0006146 ! dorsal digital artery of manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006165
name: median dorsal digital artery for digit 1
synonym: "median dorsal digital artery for digit 01" EXACT [MA:0001955]
xref: MA:0001955 ! median dorsal digital artery for digit 01
is_a: UBERON:0006146 ! dorsal digital artery of manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006166
name: lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 5
synonym: "lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 05" EXACT [MA:0001956]
xref: MA:0001956 ! lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 05
is_a: UBERON:0006146 ! dorsal digital artery of manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006167
name: forelimb proper dorsal digital arteries
synonym: "wing proper dorsal digital arteries" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001958 ! forelimb proper dorsal digital arteries
is_a: UBERON:0006146 ! dorsal digital artery of manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006168
name: hindlimb common dorsal digital arteries
xref: MA:0001965 ! hindlimb common dorsal digital arteries
is_a: UBERON:0006145 ! dorsal digital artery of pes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006169
name: hindlimb proper dorsal digital arteries
xref: MA:0001967 ! hindlimb proper dorsal digital arteries
is_a: UBERON:0006145 ! dorsal digital artery of pes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004553 ! forelimb digital artery
name: forelimb digital artery
def: "A digital artery that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wing digital artery" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb digital arteries" EXACT [MA:0001953]
synonym: "digital artery of manus" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001953 ! forelimb digital arteries
xref: SCTID:265791006 ! Entire digital artery of hand
intersection_of: UBERON:0004552 ! digital artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002389 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! manual digit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006141 ! palmar digital artery
name: palmar digital artery
is_a: UBERON:0004553 ! forelimb digital artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001410 ! common palmar digital artery
name: common palmar digital artery
def: "Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles." [Wikipedia:Common_palmar_digital_artery]
comment: the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "common palmar digital arteries" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22852 ! Common palmar digital artery
xref: MA:0001957 ! common palmar digital arteries
xref: ncithesaurus:Common_Palmar_Digital_Artery ! Common Palmar Digital Artery
is_a: UBERON:0006141 ! palmar digital artery
xref: SCTID:38396009 ! Entire common palmar digital artery
xref: UMLS:C0226446

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006137
name: proper palmar digital artery
def: "The proper palmar digital arteries travel along the sides of the phalanges (along the contiguous sides of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers), each artery lying just below its corresponding digital nerve. Alternative names for these arteries are: proper volar digital arteries, collateral digital arteries, arteriae digitales palmares propriae, or aa. digitales volares propriae. They anastomose freely in the subcutaneous tissue of the finger tips and by smaller branches near the interphalangeal joints. Each also gives off a couple of dorsal branches which anastomose with the dorsal digital arteries, and supply the soft parts on the back of the second and third phalanges, including the matrix of the fingernail. The proper palmar digital artery for the medial side of the little finger arises directly from the ulnar artery deep to the palmaris brevis muscle, but the rest arise from the common palmar digital arteries." [Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries]
comment: the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery
synonym: "proper volar digital arteries" RELATED [Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries]
synonym: "proper volar digital artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries]
synonym: "proper palmar digital arteries" EXACT [MA:0001959]
synonym: "proper palmal digital arteries" EXACT [MA:0001959]
synonym: "proper palmar digital arteries set" EXACT [FMA:70804]
xref: MA:0001959 ! proper palmar digital arteries
xref: FMA:70804 ! set of proper palmar digital arteries
is_a: UBERON:0006141 ! palmar digital artery
synonym: "arteriae digitales palmares propriae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:70804]
synonym: "arteriae digitales palmares propriae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray1237.svg
xref: SCTID:91778006 ! Entire proper volar digital arteries
synonym: "set of proper palmar digital arteries" RELATED [FMA:70804]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004554 ! hindlimb digital artery 
name: hindlimb digital artery
def: "A digital artery that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digital artery of foot" EXACT [FMA:69713]
synonym: "hindlimb digital arteries" EXACT [MA:0001964]
xref: MA:0001964 ! hindlimb digital arteries
xref: FMA:69713 ! Digital artery of foot
intersection_of: UBERON:0004552 ! digital artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006138 ! plantar digital artery
name: plantar digital artery
xref: FMA:43971 ! plantar digital artery
is_a: UBERON:0004554 {source="FMA"} ! hindlimb digital artery
xref: SCTID:230727008 ! Entire plantar digital artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004540
name: proper plantar digital artery
def: "." [Wikipedia:Proper_plantar_digital_arteries]
comment: the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery. We use the FMA set term as it is the closest match, but the semantics of set terms are unclear
synonym: "plantar digital artery proper" EXACT []
synonym: "proper plantar digital arteries" EXACT [MA:0001968]
xref: MA:0001968 ! proper plantar digital arteries
xref: FMA:71564 ! set of plantar digital arteries proper
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Gray1237.svg/200px-Gray1237.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0006138 ! plantar digital artery
synonym: "arteriae digitales plantares propriae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71564]
synonym: "arteriae digitales plantares propriae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Proper_plantar_digital_arteries]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray555.png
synonym: "set of plantar digital arteries proper" RELATED [FMA:71564]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002455
name: common plantar digital arteries
def: "." [Wikipedia:Common_plantar_digital_arteries]
synonym: "common plantar digital arteries" EXACT []
synonym: "common plantar digital arteries set" EXACT [FMA:70821]
xref: FMA:70821 ! Set of common plantar digital arteries
xref: MA:0001966 ! common plantar digital arteries
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray555.png/200px-Gray555.png
is_a: UBERON:0006138 ! plantar digital artery
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001410 ! common palmar digital artery
synonym: "arteriae digitales plantares communes" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:70821]
synonym: "arteriae digitales plantares communes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Common_plantar_digital_arteries]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray555.png
synonym: "set of common plantar digital arteries" RELATED [FMA:70821]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004551
name: obsolete set of proper plantar digital arteries
comment: this class was made obsolete, as uberon does not include 'Set of X' classes. For now, the FMA class for set of plantar digital arteries proper is under UBERON:0004540, but it is unclear if this is correct
synonym: "plantar digital arteries proper" EXACT [FMA:71564]
synonym: "plantar digital arteries proper set" EXACT [FMA:71564]
consider: FMA:71564 ! Set of plantar digital arteries proper
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "arteriae digitales plantares propriae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71564]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004562 ! digital vein
name: digital vein
comment: check part_of - do we need term for digit + metacarpal/tarsal bones?
xref: MA:0002101 ! digital vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
xref: ncithesaurus:Digital_Vein ! Digital Vein
xref: UMLS:C0447128

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004563 ! forelimb digital vein
name: forelimb digital vein
synonym: "wing digital vein" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb digital veins" EXACT [MA:0002120]
xref: MA:0002120 ! forelimb digital veins
intersection_of: UBERON:0004562 ! digital vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
def: "A digital vein that is part of a forelimb." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006140
name: palmar digital vein
def: "The palmar digital veins (or volar digital veins) on each finger are connected to the dorsal digital veins by oblique intercapitular veins. Some sources distinguish between the \"proper palmar digital veins\", which are more distal, and the \"common palmar digital veins\", which are more proximal." [Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins]
synonym: "palmar digital veins" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:70895]
synonym: "palmar digital veins set" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:70895]
synonym: "volar digital veins" RELATED [Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins]
xref: FMA:70895 ! set of palmar digital veins
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray574.png/200px-Gray574.png
is_a: UBERON:0004563 ! forelimb digital vein
synonym: "venae digitales palmares" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:70895]
xref: SCTID:83229009 ! Entire digital palmar vein
synonym: "venae digitales palmares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray574.png
synonym: "set of palmar digital veins" RELATED [FMA:70895]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001412
name: common palmar digital vein
comment: Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal.
synonym: "proximal palmar digital vein" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins]
xref: FMA:22923 ! Common palmar digital vein
xref: MA:0002121 ! common palmar digital vein
is_a: UBERON:0004563 ! forelimb digital vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004561
name: proper palmar digital vein
comment: Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal.
synonym: "distal palmar digital vein" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins]
synonym: "proper palmar vein" EXACT [MA:0002126]
synonym: "proper palmal vein" EXACT [MA:0002126]
synonym: "tributary of common palmar digital vein" EXACT [FMA:22926]
synonym: "common palmar digital venous tributary" EXACT [FMA:22926]
xref: FMA:22926 ! Tributary of common palmar digital vein
xref: MA:0002126 ! proper palmar vein
xref: MA:0002126 ! proper palmar vein
is_a: UBERON:0004563 ! forelimb digital vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001412 {source="FMA/obol"} ! common palmar digital vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004564 ! hindlimb digital vein 
name: hindlimb digital vein
def: "A digital vein that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb digital veins" EXACT [MA:0002133]
xref: MA:0002133 ! hindlimb digital veins
intersection_of: UBERON:0004562 ! digital vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! pes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006139 ! plantar digital vein
name: plantar digital vein
def: "The plantar digital veins arise from plexuses on the plantar surfaces of the digits, and, after sending intercapitular veins to join the dorsal digital veins, unite to form four metatarsal veins." [Wikipedia:Plantar_digital_veins]
xref: FMA:44517 ! plantar digital vein
is_a: UBERON:0004564 ! hindlimb digital vein
synonym: "venae digitales plantares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Plantar_digital_veins]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006142
name: common plantar digital vein
synonym: "common plantar vein" EXACT [MA:0002134]
xref: MA:0002134 ! common plantar vein
is_a: UBERON:0006139 ! plantar digital vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006143
name: proper plantar digital vein
synonym: "proper plantar vein" EXACT [MA:0002138]
xref: MA:0002138 ! proper plantar vein
is_a: UBERON:0006139 ! plantar digital vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006144
name: medial plantar digital vein
synonym: "medial plantar vein" EXACT [MA:0002172]
xref: MA:0002172 ! medial plantar vein
is_a: UBERON:0006139 ! plantar digital vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004572 ! arterial system
name: arterial system
def: "The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries." [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0002719 ! arterial system
xref: VHOG:0000273 ! arterial system
xref: EHDAA2:0000143 ! arterial system (also: UBERON:0001637 'artery')
xref: BTO:0004690 ! arterial system
xref: EMAPA:16201 ! arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16371 ! arterial system of cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
xref: EHDAA:396 ! arterial system of cardiovascular system
is_a: UBERON:0007798 {source="MA"} ! vascular system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cardiovascular system
xref: SCTID:362030008 ! Entire arterial system
property_value: homology_notes "The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000273", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH\, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004571 ! systemic arterial system
name: systemic arterial system
def: "the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart." [Wikipedia:Systemic_circulation#Arteries]
synonym: "systemic arterial circulatory system" EXACT [FMA:45623]
xref: FMA:45623 ! Systemic arterial system
is_a: UBERON:0007798 {source="MA-inferred"} ! vascular system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004572 ! arterial system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002012
name: pulmonary artery
def: "The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pulmonary arterial tree" EXACT []
synonym: "pulmonary arterial tree organ part" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000778
xref: EHDAA:4351 ! pulmonary artery
xref: FMA:66326 ! Pulmonary artery
xref: GAID:505 ! pulmonary artery
xref: VHOG:0000982 ! pulmonary artery
xref: MA:0002031 ! pulmonary artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Artery ! Pulmonary Artery
xref: EFO:0001399 ! pulmonary artery (also: UBERON:0002333 'pulmonary trunk')
xref: galen:PulmonaryArtery ! pulmonary artery
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! pulmonary artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001575 ! pulmonary artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alveoli_diagram.png/200px-Alveoli_diagram.png
xref: EMAPA:17008 ! pulmonary artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.715 ! pulmonary artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008886 ! pulmonary vascular system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002061 {source="Wikipedia"} ! truncus arteriosus
xref: AAO:0010221 ! pulmonary artery
xref: SCTID:181380003 ! Entire pulmonary artery
xref: XAO:0004162 ! pulmonary artery
synonym: "truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery]
property_value: external_definition "Major artery which supplies blood to the lungs.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010221", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "One of two arteries, leaving from the heart, the left one supplying the left lung and the right one supplying the right lung. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000982", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+artery", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000982", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0034052

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008886 ! pulmonary vascular system
name: pulmonary vascular system
def: "The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Pulmonary_circulation]
synonym: "pulmonary  system" EXACT  [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "pulmonary circulatory system" EXACT  [FMA:45621]
is_a: UBERON:0007798 {source="Obol"} ! vascular system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 {source="FMA"} ! cardiovascular system
xref: FMA:45621 ! pulmonary vascular system
property_value: external_definition "Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the pulmonary arterial and venous tree organs.[FMA]" xsd:string {ontology="FMA", source="FMA:45621"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004573
name: systemic artery
def: "Systemic arteries are the arteries of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart." [Wikipedia:Artery#Systemic_arteries]
synonym: "systemic arterial subtree" EXACT [FMA:66464]
xref: FMA:66464 ! Systemic artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004571 ! systemic arterial system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013140
name: systemic vein
synonym: "systemic venous tree organ part" EXACT  [FMA:66644]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004581 ! systemic venous system
xref: FMA:66644 ! systemic vein
xref: SCTID:244389004 ! Entire systemic vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Systemic_Vein ! systemic vein
xref: UMLS:C0447117

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004581
name: systemic venous system
def: "The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]" [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Systemic_venous_system]
synonym: "systemic venous circulatory system" EXACT [FMA:45626]
xref: FMA:45626 ! Systemic venous system
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004582 ! venous system
property_value: homology_notes "The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000277", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH\, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: external_definition "Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA]" xsd:string {ontology="FMA", source="FMA:45626"}
property_value: external_definition "In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP]]" xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Systemic_venous_system"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013127
name: pulmonary venous system
def: "The part of the venous system that drains the lungs[Kardong]" [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Pulmonary_venous_system]
synonym: "pulmonary venous circulatory system" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004582 ! venous system
relationship: channels_from UBERON:0000102 ! lung vasculature
property_value: external_definition "Pulmonary circulation is the half portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Pulmonary_circulation"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004582 ! venous system
name: venous system
def: "The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "vein system" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002720 ! venous system
xref: VHOG:0000277 ! venous system
xref: EHDAA2:0002171 ! venous system
xref: EMAPA:16240 ! venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: BTO:0004692 ! venous system
xref: EHDAA:486 ! venous system of cardiovascular system
is_a: UBERON:0007798 {source="MA"} ! vascular system
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Venous_System ! Venous System
xref: SCTID:362060003 ! Entire venous system
property_value: homology_notes "The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000277", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH\, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1267406

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013146
name: venous system of brain
def: "." [PMID:20557782, PMID:20566102]
synonym: "cranial venous system" RELATED []
synonym: "brain venous system" EXACT [VHOG:0001328]
is_a: UBERON:0007798 {source="cjm"} ! vascular system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 {source="EHDAA2"} ! brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004582 {source="VHOG-modified"} ! venous system
xref: VHOG:0001328 ! brain venous system
xref: EHDAA2:0000185 ! brain venous system
xref: EMAPA:18631 ! brain of venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system


[Term]
id: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
name: sphincter muscle
def: "a structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning." [Wikipedia:Sphincter]
comment: AO notes: FMA class is not a subtype of muscle
synonym: "sphincter" EXACT []
synonym: "circular muscle" RELATED []
xref: FMA:75004 ! Sphincter muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphincter ! Sphincter
xref: UMLS:C1409894

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007521 ! smooth muscle sphincter
name: smooth muscle sphincter
def: "A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring." [AEO:JB]
xref: EHDAA2:0003143
xref: AEO:0000143 ! smooth muscle sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="AEO"} ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000192 ! smooth muscle cell
xref: SCTID:362915001 ! Entire smooth muscle sphincter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007522 ! striated muscle sphincter
name: striated muscle sphincter
def: "A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring." [AEO:JB]
xref: EHDAA2:0003144
xref: AEO:0000144 ! striated muscle sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="AEO"} ! striated muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000737 ! striated muscle cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004601
name: rib 1
def: "The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. The head is small, rounded, and possesses only a single articular facet, for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. The neck is narrow and rounded. The tubercle, thick and prominent, is placed on the outer border. There is no angle, but at the tubercle the rib is slightly bent, with the convexity upward, so that the head of the bone is directed downward. The upper surface of the body is marked by two shallow grooves, separated from each other by a slight ridge prolonged internally into a tubercle, the scalene tubercle, for the attachment of the Scalenus anterior; the anterior groove transmits the subclavian vein, the posterior the subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus. Behind the posterior groove is a rough area for the attachment of the Scalenus medius. The under surface is smooth, and destitute of a costal groove. The outer border is convex, thick, and rounded, and at its posterior part gives attachment to the first digitation of the Serratus anterior. The inner border is concave, thin, and sharp, and marked about its center by the scalene tubercle. The anterior extremity is larger and thicker than that of any of the other ribs. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:First_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Costa prima (I)" EXACT [FMA:7597]
synonym: "first rib" EXACT [FMA:7597]
xref: FMA:7597 ! First rib
xref: MA:0001401 ! rib 1
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray124.png/200px-Gray124.png
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_1 ! Rib 1
xref: SCTID:182016005 ! Entire first rib
property_value: rib_number "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "costa prima" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:First_rib]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray124.png
xref: UMLS:C1709945

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004602
name: rib 2
def: "The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the Serratus anterior; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Second_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Costa secunda (II)" EXACT [FMA:7620]
synonym: "second rib" EXACT [FMA:7620]
xref: FMA:7620 ! Second rib
xref: MA:0001402 ! rib 2
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray125.png/200px-Gray125.png
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_2 ! Rib 2
xref: SCTID:244656007 ! Entire second rib
property_value: rib_number "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "costa secunda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Second_rib]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray125.png
xref: UMLS:C1709949

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004603
name: rib 3
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "third rib" EXACT [FMA:7638]
xref: FMA:7638 ! Third rib
xref: MA:0001403 ! rib 3
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_3 ! Rib 3
xref: SCTID:244658008 ! Entire third rib
property_value: rib_number "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: UMLS:C1709950

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004604
name: rib 4
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fourth rib" EXACT [FMA:7749]
xref: FMA:7749 ! Fourth rib
xref: MA:0001404 ! rib 4
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_4 ! Rib 4
xref: SCTID:244659000 ! Entire fourth rib
property_value: rib_number "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: UMLS:C1709951

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004605
name: rib 5
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fifth rib" EXACT [FMA:7776]
xref: FMA:7776 ! Fifth rib
xref: MA:0001405 ! rib 5
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_5 ! Rib 5
xref: SCTID:244660005 ! Entire fifth rib
property_value: rib_number "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: UMLS:C1711376

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004606
name: rib 6
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "sixth rib" EXACT [FMA:8147]
xref: FMA:8147 ! Sixth rib
xref: MA:0001406 ! rib 6
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_6 ! Rib 6
xref: SCTID:244661009 ! Entire sixth rib
property_value: rib_number "6" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: UMLS:C1709952

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004607
name: rib 7
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "seventh rib" EXACT [FMA:7830]
xref: FMA:7830 ! Seventh rib
xref: MA:0001407 ! rib 7
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_7 ! Rib 7
xref: SCTID:244662002 ! Entire seventh rib
property_value: rib_number "7" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: UMLS:C1709953

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010757
name: rib 8
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
is_a: UBERON:0002238 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! false rib
xref: MA:0001408 ! rib 8
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_8 ! rib 8
xref: SCTID:244663007 ! Entire eighth rib
xref: FMA:8120 ! eighth rib
property_value: rib_number "8" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
synonym: "eighth rib" EXACT [FMA:8120]
xref: UMLS:C1709954

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004608
name: rib 9
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "ninth rib" EXACT [FMA:8337]
xref: FMA:8337 ! Ninth rib
xref: MA:0001409 ! rib 9
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
is_a: UBERON:0002238 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! false rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_9 ! Rib 9
xref: SCTID:244664001 ! Entire ninth rib
property_value: rib_number "9" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: UMLS:C1709955

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004609
name: rib 10
def: "The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tenth_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "tenth rib" EXACT [FMA:8418]
xref: FMA:8418 ! Tenth rib
xref: MA:0001410 ! rib 10
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray126.png/200px-Gray126.png
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
is_a: UBERON:0002238 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! false rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_10 ! Rib 10
xref: SCTID:244665000 ! Entire tenth rib
property_value: rib_number "10" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray126.png
xref: UMLS:C1709946

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004610
name: rib 11
def: "The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Eleventh_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "eleventh rib" EXACT [FMA:8499]
xref: FMA:8499 ! Eleventh rib
xref: MA:0001411 ! rib 11
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
is_a: UBERON:0002239 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! floating rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_11 ! Rib 11
xref: SCTID:244666004 ! Entire eleventh rib
property_value: rib_number "11" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Gray127.png
xref: UMLS:C1709947

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004611
name: rib 12
def: "In humans: The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The twelfth has angle nor costal groove; it is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Sometimes the twelfth rib is even shorter than the first rib. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Twelfth_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "twelfth rib" EXACT [FMA:8515]
xref: FMA:8515 ! Twelfth rib
xref: MA:0001412 ! rib 12
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray128.png/200px-Gray128.png
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
is_a: UBERON:0002239 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! floating rib
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_12 ! Rib 12
xref: SCTID:244667008 ! Entire twelfth rib
property_value: rib_number "12" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Gray128.png
xref: UMLS:C1709948

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004612
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 3
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C3 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12521]
synonym: "third cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12521]
xref: FMA:12521 ! Third cervical vertebra
xref: MA:0001423 ! cervical vertebra 3
synonym: "cervical vertebra 3" EXACT [MA:0001423]
xref: EMAPA:19433 ! C3 of vertebra of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: ncithesaurus:C3_Vertebra ! C3 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181823007 ! Entire C3 vertebra
property_value: vertebra_number "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0001093 {source="FMA"} ! cervical vertebra 2
xref: UMLS:C0459939

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004613
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 4
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C4 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12522]
synonym: "fourth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12522]
xref: FMA:12522 ! Fourth cervical vertebra
xref: MA:0001424 ! cervical vertebra 4
synonym: "cervical vertebra 4" EXACT [MA:0001424]
xref: EMAPA:19434 ! C4 of vertebra of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: ncithesaurus:C4_Vertebra ! C4 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181824001 ! Entire C4 vertebra
property_value: vertebra_number "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004612 {source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 3
xref: UMLS:C0459941

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004614
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 5
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C5 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12523]
synonym: "fifth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12523]
xref: FMA:12523 ! Fifth cervical vertebra
xref: MA:0001425 ! cervical vertebra 5
xref: EMAPA:19435 ! C5 of vertebra of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: ncithesaurus:C5_Vertebra ! C5 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181825000 ! Entire C5 vertebra
property_value: vertebra_number "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004613 {source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 4
synonym: "cervical vertebra 5" EXACT [MA:0001425]
xref: UMLS:C0459943

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004615
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 6
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C6 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12524]
synonym: "sixth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12524]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 6" EXACT [MA:0001426]
xref: FMA:12524 ! Sixth cervical vertebra
xref: MA:0001426 ! cervical vertebra 6
xref: EMAPA:19466 ! C6 of vertebra of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: ncithesaurus:C6_Vertebra ! C6 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181826004 ! Entire C6 vertebra
property_value: vertebra_number "6" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004614 {source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 5
xref: UMLS:C0459944

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004616
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 7
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C7 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12525]
synonym: "prominent vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12525]
synonym: "vertebra prominens (CVII)" EXACT [FMA:12525]
synonym: "seventh cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12525]
xref: FMA:12525 ! Seventh cervical vertebra
xref: MA:0001427 ! cervical vertebra 7
synonym: "cervical vertebra 7" EXACT [MA:0001427]
xref: EMAPA:19467 ! C7 of vertebra of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: ncithesaurus:C7_Vertebra ! C7 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181827008 ! Entire C7 vertebra
property_value: vertebra_number "7" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004615 {source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 6
xref: UMLS:C0223176

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004617
name: lumbar vertebra 1
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L1 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13072]
synonym: "first lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13072]
xref: FMA:13072 ! First lumbar vertebra
xref: MA:0001428 ! lumbar vertebra 1
xref: EMAPA:19472 ! L1 of vertebra of lumbar region
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: ncithesaurus:L1_Vertebra ! L1 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181841004 ! Entire L1 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004636 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 12
xref: UMLS:C0223492

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004618
name: lumbar vertebra 2
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L2 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13073]
synonym: "second lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13073]
xref: FMA:13073 ! Second lumbar vertebra
xref: MA:0001429 ! lumbar vertebra 2
xref: EMAPA:19570 ! L2 of vertebra of lumbar region
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: ncithesaurus:L2_Vertebra ! L2 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181842006 ! Entire L2 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004617 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 1
xref: UMLS:C0223507

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004619
name: lumbar vertebra 3
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L3 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13074]
synonym: "third lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13074]
xref: FMA:13074 ! Third lumbar vertebra
xref: MA:0001430 ! lumbar vertebra 3
xref: EMAPA:19571 ! L3 of vertebra of lumbar region
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: ncithesaurus:L3_Vertebra ! L3 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181843001 ! Entire L3 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004618 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 2
xref: UMLS:C0223522

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004620
name: lumbar vertebra 4
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L4 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13075]
synonym: "fourth lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13075]
xref: FMA:13075 ! Fourth lumbar vertebra
xref: MA:0001431 ! lumbar vertebra 4
xref: EMAPA:19572 ! L4 of vertebra of lumbar region
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:L4_Vertebra ! L4 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181844007 ! Entire L4 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004619 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 3
xref: UMLS:C0223537

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004621
name: lumbar vertebra 5
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L5 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13076]
synonym: "fifth lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13076]
xref: FMA:13076 ! Fifth lumbar vertebra
xref: MA:0001432 ! lumbar vertebra 5
xref: EMAPA:19573 ! L5 of vertebra of lumbar region
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:L5_Vertebra ! L5 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181845008 ! Entire L5 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004620 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 4
xref: UMLS:C0223552

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004622
name: sacral vertebra 1
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "First sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:13077]
synonym: "First segment of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:13077]
synonym: "S1 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13077]
synonym: "first sacral vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13077]
xref: FMA:13077 ! First sacral vertebra
xref: MA:0001434 ! sacral vertebra 1
is_a: UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:S1_Vertebra ! S1 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181846009 ! Entire first sacral vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19588 ! S1 of vertebra of sacral region
xref: UMLS:C0223598

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004623
name: sacral vertebra 2
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S2 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13078]
synonym: "Second sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:13078]
synonym: "Second segment of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:13078]
synonym: "second sacral vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13078]
xref: FMA:13078 ! Second sacral vertebra
xref: MA:0001435 ! sacral vertebra 2
is_a: UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:S2_Vertebra ! S2 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181847000 ! Entire second sacral vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19589 ! S2 of vertebra of sacral region
xref: UMLS:C0223599

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004624
name: sacral vertebra 3
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S3 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13079]
synonym: "Third sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:13079]
synonym: "Third segment of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:13079]
synonym: "third sacral vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13079]
xref: FMA:13079 ! Third sacral vertebra
xref: MA:0001436 ! sacral vertebra 3
xref: EMAPA:19590 ! S3 of vertebra of sacral region
is_a: UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:S3_Vertebra ! S3 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181848005 ! Entire third sacral vertebra
xref: UMLS:C0223600

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004625
name: sacral vertebra 4
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Fourth sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:13080]
synonym: "Fourth segment of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:13080]
synonym: "S4 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13080]
synonym: "fourth sacral vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13080]
xref: FMA:13080 ! Fourth sacral vertebra
xref: MA:0001437 ! sacral vertebra 4
xref: EMAPA:19591 ! S4 of vertebra of sacral region
is_a: UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:S4_Vertebra ! S4 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181849002 ! Entire fourth sacral vertebra
xref: UMLS:C0223601

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004626
name: thoracic vertebra 1
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "First dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9165]
synonym: "T1 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9165]
synonym: "first thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9165]
xref: FMA:9165 ! First thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001438 ! thoracic vertebra 1
xref: EMAPA:19542 ! T1 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T1_Vertebra ! T1 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181828003 ! Entire T1 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004616 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606", source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 7
xref: UMLS:C0459933

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004627
name: thoracic vertebra 2
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Second dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9187]
synonym: "T2 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9187]
synonym: "second thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9187]
xref: FMA:9187 ! Second thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001439 ! thoracic vertebra 2
xref: EMAPA:19543 ! T2 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T2_Vertebra ! T2 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181829006 ! Entire T2 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004626 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 1
xref: UMLS:C0459936

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004628
name: thoracic vertebra 3
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T3 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9209]
synonym: "Third dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9209]
synonym: "third thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9209]
xref: FMA:9209 ! Third thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001440 ! thoracic vertebra 3
xref: EMAPA:19544 ! T3 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T3_Vertebra ! T3 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181830001 ! Entire T3 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004627 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 2
xref: UMLS:C0459952

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004629
name: thoracic vertebra 4
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Fourth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9248]
synonym: "T4 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9248]
synonym: "fourth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9248]
xref: FMA:9248 ! Fourth thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001441 ! thoracic vertebra 4
xref: EMAPA:19545 ! T4 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T4_Vertebra ! T4 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181831002 ! Entire T4 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004628 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 3
xref: UMLS:C0459951

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004630
name: thoracic vertebra 5
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Fifth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9922]
synonym: "T5 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9922]
synonym: "fifth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9922]
xref: FMA:9922 ! Fifth thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001442 ! thoracic vertebra 5
xref: EMAPA:19546 ! T5 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T5_Vertebra ! T5 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181832009 ! Entire T5 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004629 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 4
xref: UMLS:C0459950

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004631
name: thoracic vertebra 6
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Sixth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9945]
synonym: "T6 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9945]
synonym: "sixth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9945]
xref: FMA:9945 ! Sixth thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001443 ! thoracic vertebra 6
xref: EMAPA:19547 ! T6 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T6_Vertebra ! T6 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181834005 ! Entire T6 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004630 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 5
xref: UMLS:C0459949

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004632
name: thoracic vertebra 7
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Seventh dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9968]
synonym: "T7 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9968]
synonym: "seventh thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9968]
xref: FMA:9968 ! Seventh thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001444 ! thoracic vertebra 7
xref: EMAPA:19548 ! T7 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T7_Vertebra ! T7 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181835006 ! Entire T7 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004631 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 6
xref: UMLS:C0459947

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011050 ! thoracic vertebra 8
name: thoracic vertebra 8
synonym: "eighth dorsal vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:9991]
synonym: "T8 vertebra" EXACT  [FMA:9991]
synonym: "eighth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9991]
is_a: UBERON:0002347 {source="MA"} ! thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001445 ! thoracic vertebra 8
xref: FMA:9991 ! eighth thoracic vertebra
xref: EMAPA:19549
xref: ncithesaurus:T8_Vertebra ! t8 vertebra
xref: SCTID:181836007 ! Entire T8 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004632 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 7
xref: UMLS:C0459953

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004633
name: thoracic vertebra 9
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Ninth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10014]
synonym: "T9 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10014]
synonym: "ninth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10014]
xref: FMA:10014 ! Ninth thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001446 ! thoracic vertebra 9
xref: EMAPA:19550 ! T9 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T9_Vertebra ! T9 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181837003 ! Entire T9 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0011050 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 8
xref: UMLS:C0459954

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004634
name: thoracic vertebra 10
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T10 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10037]
synonym: "Tenth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10037]
synonym: "tenth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10037]
xref: FMA:10037 ! Tenth thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001447 ! thoracic vertebra 10
xref: EMAPA:19551 ! T10 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T10_Vertebra ! T10 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181838008 ! Entire T10 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004633 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 9
xref: UMLS:C0459955

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004635
name: thoracic vertebra 11
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Eleventh dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10059]
synonym: "T11 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10059]
synonym: "eleventh thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10059]
xref: FMA:10059 ! Eleventh thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001448 ! thoracic vertebra 11
xref: EMAPA:19552 ! T11 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T11_Vertebra ! T11 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181839000 ! Entire T11 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004634 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 10
xref: UMLS:C0459956

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004636
name: thoracic vertebra 12
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T12 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10081]
synonym: "Twelfth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10081]
synonym: "twelfth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10081]
xref: FMA:10081 ! Twelfth thoracic vertebra
xref: MA:0001449 ! thoracic vertebra 12
xref: EMAPA:19553 ! T12 of vertebra of thoracic region
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
xref: ncithesaurus:T12_Vertebra ! T12 Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181840003 ! Entire T12 vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004635 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 11
xref: UMLS:C0459957

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003915 ! endothelial tube
name: endothelial tube
def: "Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: has_quality PATO:0001873 ! cylindrical

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001986
name: endothelium
def: "A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]" [MESH:A10.272.491, FMA:63916]
comment: The term ‘‘endothelium’’ has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980)
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000393 ! endothelium
xref: FMA:63916 ! Endothelium
xref: GAID:520 ! endothelium
xref: galen:Endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Endothelium ! Endothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Vascular_Endothelium ! Vascular Endothelium
xref: EMAPA:18578 ! endothelium of future tympanic membrane
xref: EMAPA:19063 ! endothelium of tympanic membrane primordium
xref: MESH:A10.272.491 ! endothelium
xref: EFO:0002548 ! endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0000487 {source="FMA-text-def"} ! simple squamous epithelium
relationship: has_part CL:0000115 {source="FMA"} ! endothelial cell
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000926 {source="FMA-inferred"} ! mesoderm
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 ! Vertebrata
xref: SCTID:27168002 ! Endothelium
property_value: has_relational_adjective "endothelial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014257
xref: UMLS:C0014261

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004852
name: cardiovascular system endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: consider merging with 'endothelium'
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: MA:0000717 ! cardiovascular system endothelium
xref: VHOG:0001217 ! vascular endothelium
xref: XAO:0000356 ! vascular endothelium
xref: ZFA:0001639 ! vascular endothelium
xref: MESH:A07.231.330 ! vascular endothelium
xref: BTO:0001853 ! vascular endothelium 
xref: GAID:519 ! vascular endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system
xref: TAO:0002171 ! vascular endothelium
property_value: homology_notes "Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001217", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE\, Fox RS\, Barnes RD\, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.207", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004638
name: blood vessel endothelium
def: "An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart" [UBERON:cjm]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0005257 ! blood vessel endothelium
xref: MA:0000709 ! blood vessel endothelium
xref: BTO:0000766 ! blood vessel endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
xref: ncithesaurus:Blood_Vessel_Endothelium ! Blood Vessel Endothelium
xref: TAO:0005257 ! blood vessel endothelium
xref: UMLS:C1706972

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004639
name: afferent arteriole
def: "The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus. When renal blood flow is reduced, the macula densa releases prostaglandins, which cause the juxtaglomerular cells lining the afferent arterioles to release renin, activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, to increase blood pressure. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Afferent_arterioles]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0005307 ! afferent glomerular arteriole
synonym: "afferent glomerular arteriole" EXACT [ZFA:0005307]
xref: MA:0002579 ! afferent arteriole
xref: EMAPA:28230 ! afferent arteriole of juxtaglomerular arteriole
xref: EMAPA:28266 ! afferent arteriole of mature renal corpuscle
is_a: UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001229 ! renal corpuscle
xref: SCTID:67498004 ! Entire afferent arteriole
xref: MP:0011312 ! abnormal kidney afferent arteriole morphology
synonym: "kidney afferent arteriole" EXACT [MP:0011312]
xref: TAO:0002139 ! afferent arteriole
synonym: "arteriola glomerularis afferens" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Afferent_arterioles]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004640
name: efferent arteriole
def: "The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. The efferent arterioles form from a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus. They play an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate despite fluctuations in blood pressure. In the mammalian kidney they follow two markedly different courses, depending on the location of the glomeruli from which they arise. In the mammalian kidney about 15% of glomeruli lie close to the boundary between the renal cortex and renal medulla and are known as juxtamedullary glomeruli. The rest are simply undifferentiated cortical glomeruli. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Efferent_arteriole]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0005308 ! efferent glomerular arteriole
synonym: "efferent glomerular arteriole" EXACT [ZFA:0005308]
xref: MA:0002585 ! efferent arteriole
xref: EMAPA:28233 ! efferent arteriole of juxtaglomerular arteriole
xref: EMAPA:28275 ! efferent arteriole of mature renal corpuscle
is_a: UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001229 ! renal corpuscle
relationship: capable_of GO:0003093 {source="Wikipedia"} ! regulation of glomerular filtration
xref: SCTID:29926005 ! Entire efferent arteriole
synonym: "kidney efferent arteriole" EXACT [MP:0011313]
xref: TAO:0002140 ! efferent arteriole
synonym: "arteriola glomerularis efferens capsulae renalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Efferent_arteriole]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004641
name: spleen capsule
def: "A capsule that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "capsule of spleen" EXACT [FMA:15849]
synonym: "fibroelastic coat of spleen" EXACT [FMA:15849]
synonym: "Malpighian capsule" EXACT [FMA:15849]
synonym: "splenic capsule" EXACT [FMA:15849]
synonym: "tunica fibrosa (splen)(lien)" EXACT [FMA:15849]
synonym: "fibrous capsule of spleen" EXACT [FMA:15849]
xref: FMA:15849 ! Fibrous capsule of spleen
xref: MA:0000753 ! spleen capsule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003893 ! capsule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Capsule ! Splenic Capsule
xref: SCTID:329635002 ! Entire fibroelastic coat of spleen
xref: UMLS:C0229681

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004670 ! ependyma
name: ependyma
def: "the thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord. Ependyma is one of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system. It is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is simple, columnar or cuboidal." [BTO:0000401, Wikipedia:Ependyma]
comment: FMA breaks ependyma into epednyma proper (a subdivsion of epithelium) and epithelium of choroid plexus
synonym: "ependymal epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0000401]
synonym: "lamina epithelialis" RELATED [FMA:242791]
synonym: "ependyma of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:242791]
xref: BTO:0000401 ! ependymal epithelium
xref: FMA:242791 ! ependyma of neuraxis
xref: GAID:608 ! ependyma
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276.460 ! ependyma (also: UBERON:0005357 'brain ependyma')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005358 ! ventricle of nervous system
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000065 ! ependymal cell
xref: ncithesaurus:Ependyma ! Ependyma
xref: SCTID:12766003 ! Ependyma
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gray667.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "ependymal" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0014472

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005357
name: brain ependyma
comment: in FMA this is treated as part of the ependyma, but here we treat ependyma as a portion
synonym: "ependyma of ventricular system of brain" EXACT [FMA:242837]
xref: MA:0000809 ! brain ependyma
xref: FMA:242837 ! Ependyma of ventricular system of brain
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276.460 ! ependyma (also: UBERON:0004670 'ependyma')
intersection_of: UBERON:0004670 ! ependyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
def: "An ependyma that is part of a brain ventricle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005359
name: spinal cord ependyma
comment: in FMA this is treated as part of the ependyma, but here we treat ependyma as a portion
synonym: "spinal cord ventricular layer" RELATED []
synonym: "spinal cord ependymal layer" EXACT [MA:0001125]
synonym: "ependyma of central canal of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:242839]
xref: MA:0001125 ! spinal cord ependymal layer
xref: FMA:242839 ! ependyma of central canal of spinal cord
xref: EMAPA:17585 ! ventricular layer of lateral wall of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0004670 ! ependyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002291 ! central canal
xref: SCTID:369278000 ! Entire ependyma of spinal cord
def: "An ependyma that is part of a spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004642
name: third ventricle ependyma
def: "An ependyma that is part of a third ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd ventricle ependyma" EXACT [MA:0000882]
synonym: "ependyma of third ventricle" EXACT [MA:0000882]
xref: FMA:242833 ! Ependyma of third ventricle
xref: MA:0000882 ! third ventricle ependyma
intersection_of: UBERON:0004670 ! ependyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
xref: SCTID:362316006 ! Entire ependyma of third ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004643
name: lateral ventricle ependyma
def: "An ependyma that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ependyma of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:242825]
xref: FMA:242825 ! Ependyma of lateral ventricle
xref: MA:0000964 ! lateral ventricle ependyma
intersection_of: UBERON:0004670 ! ependyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Ventricle_Ependyma ! Lateral Ventricle Ependyma
xref: SCTID:369275002 ! Entire ependyma of lateral ventricle
xref: UMLS:C0228162

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004644
name: fourth ventricle ependyma
def: "An ependyma that is part of a fourth ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th ventricle ependyma" RELATED [MA:0000986]
synonym: "ependyma of fourth ventricle" EXACT [FMA:242835]
xref: FMA:242835 ! Ependyma of fourth ventricle
xref: MA:0000986 ! fourth ventricle ependyma
intersection_of: UBERON:0004670 ! ependyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002422 ! fourth ventricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Fourth_Ventricle_Ependyma ! Fourth Ventricle Ependyma
xref: SCTID:369277005 ! Entire ependyma of fourth ventricle
xref: UMLS:C0228171

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005911 ! endo-epithelium
name: endo-epithelium
def: "Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]" [FMA:69065]
xref: FMA:69065 ! endo-epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012275
name: meso-epithelium
def: "Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:86452 ! meso-epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000926 ! mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005910 ! transitional epithelium
name: transitional epithelium
def: "Multilaminar epithelium, which of consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, in contact with a basement membrane, that can undergo distention and contraction without losing its integrity and consistency. Examples: urothelium.[FMA]" [FMA:63914, Wikipedia:Transitional_epithelium, FMA:FMA]
comment: see comments for urothelium
synonym: "epithelium transitionale" EXACT [FMA:63914]
synonym: "urothelium" NARROW [Wikipedia:Transitional_epithelium, EMAPA:28089]
xref: FMA:63914 ! transitional epithelium
xref: BTO:0003906 ! uroepithelium (also: UBERON:0000365 'urothelium')
xref: MESH:A10.272.850 ! urothelium (also: UBERON:0000365 'urothelium')
is_a: UBERON:0005911 ! endo-epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000486 ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Transitional_Epithelium ! Transitional Epithelium (also: UBERON:0004645 'urinary bladder urothelium')
xref: SCTID:30117005 ! Transitional epithelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Harnblase_Urothel.png
xref: UMLS:C0225339

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011945 ! luminal layer of epithelium
name: luminal layer of epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000119  ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011946
name: subluminal layer of epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000119  ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000365 ! urothelium
name: urothelium
def: "The urothelium is the epithelial tissue layer that lines much of the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, the ureters, the bladder, and parts of the urethra." [Wikipedia:Urothelium]
comment: consider merging with transitional epithelium. MA uses the label 'urothelium' exclusively. FMA uses 'transitional epithelium' and has 'urothelium' as a sibling. FMA also lists 'urothelium' as the only example of 'transitional epithelium'
synonym: "uroepithelium" EXACT [FMA:67695]
synonym: "transitional epithelium" BROAD INCONSISTENT []
xref: FMA:67695 ! Urothelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Urothelium ! Urothelium
xref: GAID:935 ! urothelium
xref: EMAPA:28089 ! urothelium
xref: MESH:A10.272.850 ! urothelium (also: UBERON:0005910 'transitional epithelium')
xref: BTO:0003906 ! uroepithelium (also: UBERON:0005910 'transitional epithelium')
intersection_of: UBERON:0005910 ! transitional epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
xref: SCTID:57789003 ! Urothelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Harnblase_Urothel.png
property_value: has_relational_adjective "urothelial" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0227598

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001254
name: urothelium of ureter
def: "the luminal epithelium of the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder[MP,unvetted]" [MP:0000535]
comment: AO notes: MP treats ureter urothelium and ureter luminal urothelium as exact synonyms, yes MA treats these as distinct; see also: transitional epithelium vs urothelium
synonym: "ureter transitional epithelium" EXACT []
synonym: "ureter urothelium" EXACT []
synonym: "ureter luminal urothelium" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MP:0000535]
synonym: "transitional epithelium of ureter" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15897 ! Transitional epithelium of ureter
xref: MA:0002655 ! ureter urothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000365 ! urothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056 ! ureter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011947
name: ureter luminal urothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0011945 ! luminal layer of epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001254 ! urothelium of ureter
xref: MA:0002656 ! ureter luminal urothelium
def: "A luminal layer of epithelium that is part of a ureter." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011948
name: ureter subluminal urothelium
is_a: UBERON:0011946 ! subluminal layer of epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001254 ! urothelium of ureter
xref: MA:0002657 ! ureter subluminal urothelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011949
name: endometrium luminal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0011945 ! luminal layer of epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004811  ! endometrium epithelium
xref: MA:0002733 ! endometrium luminal epithelium
def: "A luminal layer of epithelium that is part of a endometrium epithelium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011950
name: mammary gland luminal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0011945 ! luminal layer of epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
xref: FMA:74458 ! lumina layer of epithelium of lactiferous gland
synonym: "lumina layer of epithelium of lactiferous gland" EXACT [FMA:74458]
def: "A luminal layer of epithelium that is part of a mammary gland." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003244 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! epithelium of mammary gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011951
name: prostate luminal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0011945 ! luminal layer of epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002367 ! prostate gland
xref: FMA:74262 ! subdivision of luminal layer of epithelium of prostatic gland
synonym: "subdivision of luminal layer of epithelium of prostatic gland" EXACT [FMA:74262]
def: "A luminal layer of epithelium that is part of a prostate gland." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000428 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! prostate epithelium


[Term]
id: UBERON:0004645
name: urinary bladder urothelium
synonym: "transitional epithelium" RELATED [MA:0001693]
synonym: "bladder transitional cell epithelium" EXACT [FMA:15936]
synonym: "urinary bladder transitional epithelium" EXACT [FMA:15936]
synonym: "urothelium of urinary bladder" EXACT [FMA:15936]
synonym: "transitional epithelium of urinary bladder" EXACT [FMA:15936]
synonym: "urothelium" BROAD [BTO:0001245]
xref: FMA:15936 ! Transitional epithelium of urinary bladder
xref: MA:0001693 ! urinary bladder urothelium
xref: BTO:0001694 ! urinary bladder epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000365 ! urothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001259 ! mucosa of urinary bladder
xref: ncithesaurus:Transitional_Epithelium ! Transitional Epithelium (also: UBERON:0005910 'transitional epithelium')
xref: SCTID:25631003 ! Urinary bladder transitional epithelium
def: "An urothelium that is part of a urinary bladder." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0225339

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004787
name: urethra urothelium
def: "An urothelium that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uroepithelium of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra Uroepithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urothelium of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001687 ! urethra urothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000365 ! urothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! part_of urethra
xref: ncithesaurus:Urethra_Transitional_Cell_Epithelium ! Urethra Urothelium
xref: UMLS:C1710585

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004788
name: kidney pelvis urothelium
def: "An urothelium that is part of a renal pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "transitional epithelium of renal pelvis" EXACT [FMA:263264]
synonym: "transitional epithelium of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis transitional epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis transitional epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uroepithelium of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uroepithelium of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uroepithelium of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis Uroepithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter Uroepithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter urothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis Uroepithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis urothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urothelium of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urothelium of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urothelium of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002632 ! kidney pelvis urothelium
xref: FMA:263264 ! transitional epithelium of renal pelvis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000365 ! urothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001224 ! part_of renal pelvis
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Pelvis_Urothelium ! Renal Pelvis Urothelium
xref: UMLS:C1709899

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005912
name: transitional epithelium of major calyx
synonym: "urothelium of major calyx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:263266 ! transitional epithelium of major calyx
intersection_of: UBERON:0001254 ! urothelium of ureter
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005007 ! mucosa of major calyx
def: "An urothelium of ureter that is part of a mucosa of major calyx." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004646
name: infraorbital artery
def: "The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Infraorbital_artery]
synonym: "infra-orbital artery" EXACT [FMA:49767]
xref: FMA:49767 ! Infra-orbital artery
xref: MA:0001977 ! infraorbital artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gray511.png/200px-Gray511.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001616 ! maxillary artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Infraorbital_Artery ! Infraorbital Artery
xref: SCTID:148167004 ! Entire infraorbital artery
synonym: "a. infraorbitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Infraorbital_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Gray511.png
xref: UMLS:C0226153

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004647
name: liver lobule
def: "a small division of the liver defined at the histological scale, the functional unit of which is the hepatic acinus." [Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver]
comment: should not be confused with the anatomic lobes of the liver (caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, left lobe, and right lobe), or any of the functional lobe classification systems.[WP]
synonym: "lobules of liver" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver]
synonym: "lobuli hepatis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver]
synonym: "lobuli hepatici" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "hepatic lobule" EXACT [FMA:14471]
synonym: "lobulus hepaticus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:14471]
xref: FMA:14471 ! hepatic lobule
xref: MA:0002494 ! liver lobule
is_a: UBERON:0000064 {source="FMA"} ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001280 {source="FMA", source="MA"} ! liver parenchyma
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Lobule ! Hepatic Lobule
xref: SCTID:362194004 ! Entire hepatic lobule
xref: UMLS:C0227518

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006718
name: medial pterygoid muscle
def: "The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication. The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle." [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "internal pterygoid muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "internal pterygoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "medial pterygoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoidei internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus medial" EXACT [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus medialis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoid medialis" EXACT [MA:0002361]
synonym: "musculus pterygoideus medialis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus pterygoideus internus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:49011 ! medial pterygoid
xref: MA:0002361 ! pterygoid medialis
xref: EMAPA:25141 ! medial
xref: BTO:0005226 ! medial pterygoid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006720 ! pterygoid muscle
xref: SCTID:244771003 ! Entire medial pterygoid muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Pterygoid_Muscle ! Internal Pterygoid Muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001684 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial angle of the mandible"} ! mandible
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="dbpedia", notes="mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid"} ! mandibular nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Musculuspterygoideusmedialis.png
property_value: external_definition "The medial pterygoid is a pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to the medial pterygoid and attaches to the cranial base and the medial side of the mandibular angle.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C1512882

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006719
name: lateral pterygoid muscle
def: "The lateral pterygoid (or external pterygoid) is a muscle of mastication with two heads." [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "external pterygoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral pteregoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral pteregoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral pterygoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus externus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus lateral" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus lateral muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral pterygoid" BROAD [FMA:49015]
synonym: "musculus pterygoides lateralis" EXACT [FMA:49015]
synonym: "pterygoid lateralis" BROAD [MA:0002360]
synonym: "m. pterygoideus lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "m. pterygoideus externus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus pterygoideus lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus pterygoideus externus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:49015 ! lateral pterygoid
xref: MA:0002360 ! pterygoid lateralis
xref: EMAPA:25140 ! lateral of pterygoid
is_a: UBERON:0006720 ! pterygoid muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Pterygoid_Muscle ! External Pterygoid Muscle
xref: SCTID:244772005 ! Entire lateral pterygoid muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="dbpedia", is_indirect="true", notes="lateral pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve"} ! mandibular nerve
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0013647 ! lateral pterygoid nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004649 {source="dbpedia", notes="Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate"} ! sphenoid bone pterygoid process
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004657 {source="dbpedia"} ! mandible condylar process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Musculuspterygoideuslateralis.png
property_value: external_definition "Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by the lateral pterygoid nerve branches, and attaches to the condylar process of the mandible and TMJ capsule, and the cranial base.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C1517045

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006720 ! pterygoid muscle
alt_id: UBERON:3010730 ! pterygoideus
name: pterygoid muscle
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "pterygoid" RELATED INCONSISTENT [EMAPA:25139]
synonym: "pterygoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "pterygoideus muscle" RELATED []
xref: GAID:147 ! pterygoid muscle
xref: EMAPA:25139 ! pterygoid
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.600.700 ! pterygoid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="dbpedia", notes="generalized"} ! mandibular nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001684 {source="dbpedia", notes="generalized"} ! mandible
xref: SCTID:244770002 ! Entire pterygoid muscle
xref: AAO:0010730 ! pterygoideus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004649
name: sphenoid bone pterygoid process
def: "The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite. Each process consists of a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate, the upper parts of which are fused anteriorly; a vertical sulcus, the pterygopalatine groove, descends on the front of the line of fusion. The plates are separated below by an angular cleft, the pterygoid fissure (or pterygoid notch), the margins of which are rough for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone. The two plates diverge behind and enclose between them a V-shaped fossa, the pterygoid fossa, which contains pterygoideus internus and tensor veli palatini. Above this fossa is a small, oval, shallow depression, the scaphoid fossa, which gives origin to the tensor veli palatini. The anterior surface of the pterygoid process is broad and triangular near its root, where it forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and presents the anterior orifice of the pterygoid canal." [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
comment: todo - check AAO:0000521-pterygoid and MA:0001471-pterygoid bone. MA also has 'inner plate of pterygoid process' as a syn for MA:0001471, FMA has lateral/medial plates. Seems likely inner = lateral (see  MP:0004452).
synonym: "pterygoid plate" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
synonym: "pterygoid process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
synonym: "pterygoid processes" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
synonym: "pterygoid processus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
synonym: "pterygoid process of sphenoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002774]
synonym: "processus pterygoideus" EXACT [FMA:54682]
synonym: "pterygoid process of sphenoid" EXACT [FMA:54682]
synonym: "pterygoid process of sphenoid bone" EXACT [FMA:54682]
synonym: "pterygoid process" EXACT [FMA:54682]
xref: FMA:54682 ! Pterygoid process
xref: MA:0002774 ! sphenoid bone pterygoid process
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
synonym: "processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54682]
xref: AAO:0010086 ! pterygoid process
xref: SCTID:140390001 ! Entire pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
synonym: "processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png
property_value: external_definition "Process that projects from posterior margin of commissure into subocular space.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010086", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of anterior quadratocranial commissure (AAO:0010061)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010086", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001677 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010389
name: pterygoid bone
def: "a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower jaw" [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Pterygoid+bone]
comment: Sources vary as to whether the pterygoid corresponds to the pterygoid processes in general, or the latter/inner plate.
synonym: "inner plate of pterygoid process" RELATED  [MA:0001471]
synonym: "lamina lateralis (processus pterygoideus)" EXACT  [FMA:54687, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lamina lateralis processi pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lateral lamina of pterygoid process" EXACT  [FMA:54687, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lateral plate of sphenoid" EXACT  [FMA:54687, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lateral plate of pterygoid process" EXACT [FMA:54687, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lateral pterygoid plate" EXACT []
synonym: "pterygoid" RELATED [AAO:0000521]
is_a: UBERON:0011164 {source="MA"} ! neurocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004649 {source="MA"} ! sphenoid bone pterygoid process
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012072 {source="Paleos", source="Kardong"} ! palatal part of dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 {source="AAO"} ! suspensorium
xref: MA:0001471 ! pterygoid bone
xref: FMA:54687 ! lateral plate of pterygoid process
xref: SCTID:415639001 ! Structure of lateral pterygoid plate
xref: AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid
property_value: external_definition "Palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie anterior to the otic capsules, lateral to the orbits, and medial to the maxillae.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000521", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="AAO"}
property_value: external_definition "In tetrapods, the pterygoid is a complex, but relatively stable, paired palatal bone with a number of parts.  For the following discussion, it may be best to refer to the images of tetrapod palates at, for example Ornithosuchus, Therapsida, or Palatines.  In many tetrapods, it is the largest palatal bone and serves as the main structural support.  Most typically, the pterygoids meet extensively on the mid-line of the palate and jointly send a process, the palatal ramus, anteriorly, which may cover the parasphenoid more or less completely.  Sometimes this term is used to include the main body of the pterygoid as well.  More variably, there are one or two anterolateral processes which go by various names, such as ectopterygoid ramus.   In many amniotes, the pterygoid develops a strong  transverse process or transverse flange which forms a bar running laterally across the palate. The pterygoid also articulates with (where present) the dorsoventral supports for the palate: the epipterygoid (dorsal) and the basipterygoid process of the braincase.  Finally, the pterygoid sends a long, robust quadrate ramus with complex curvature down (posteroventrally) to grasp the quadrate and support the jaw articulation. Basally, in fishes, the terminology tends to be a little different.  Refer to the image of the Frasnian actinistian Diplocercides.  The pterygoid bone of tetrapods is, roughly speaking, derived from the middle, entopterygoid (see also entry at entopterygoid for alternative definitions)  portion of the palatoquadrate complex.  The entopterygoid is not actually a part of the palatoquadrate.  It is a dermal bone which has replaced the middle section of the primitively continuous endochondral bone of the palatoquadrate, the original upper jaw.  In tetrapods, the pterygoid advances further, and also replaces the central part of the posterior, pterygoquadrate unit.  This becomes the quadrate ramus.  The upper part of this unit, the portion involved in the dorsal and basipterygoid articulations between jaw and braincase, is referred to as the metapterygoid.  In tetrapods, most of this region is incorporated into the pterygoid as well, with the exception of the ascending process of the palatoquadrate, which becomes the epipterygoid. Since the anterior braincase articulation is lost in tetrapods, the only remaining sections of the palatoquadrate are the epipterygoid and the quadrate (or, in mammals, the incus).  Everything else is either lost or is replaced by the pterygoid[Palaeos]" xsd:string {source="http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPte.html"}
property_value: external_definition "In tetrapods, the pterygoid is a complex, but relatively stable, paired palatal bone with a number of parts. In many tetrapods, it is the largest palatal bone and serves as the main structural support.  Most typically, the pterygoids meet extensively on the mid-line of the palate and jointly send a process, the palatal ramus, anteriorly, which may cover the parasphenoid more or less completely.  Sometimes this term is used to include the main body of the pterygoid as well.  More variably, there are one or two anterolateral processes which go by various names, such as ectopterygoid ramus.   In many amniotes, the pterygoid develops a strong  transverse process or transverse flange which forms a bar running laterally across the palate. The pterygoid also articulates with (where present) the dorsoventral supports for the palate: the epipterygoid (dorsal) and the basipterygoid process of the braincase.  Finally, the pterygoid sends a long, robust quadrate ramus with complex curvature down (posteroventrally) to grasp the quadrate and support the jaw articulation. The pterygoid bone of tetrapods is, roughly speaking, derived from the middle entopterygoid portion of the palatoquadrate complex of fishes. The entopterygoid is not actually a part of the palatoquadrate.  It is a dermal bone which has replaced the middle section of the primitively continuous endochondral bone of the palatoquadrate, the original upper jaw.  In tetrapods, the pterygoid advances further, and also replaces the central part of the posterior, pterygoquadrate unit.  This becomes the quadrate ramus.  The upper part of this unit, the portion involved in the dorsal and basipterygoid articulations between jaw and braincase, is referred to as the metapterygoid.  In tetrapods, most of this region is incorporated into the pterygoid as well, with the exception of the ascending process of the palatoquadrate, which becomes the epipterygoid." xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPte.html"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004652
name: humerus diaphysis
def: "The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces." [Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus]
synonym: "body of the humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus]
synonym: "medial humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus]
synonym: "shaft of the humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_humerus]
synonym: "body of humerus" EXACT [FMA:13305]
synonym: "humeral diaphysis" EXACT [FMA:13305]
synonym: "shaft of humerus" EXACT [FMA:13305]
synonym: "diaphysis of humerus" EXACT [FMA:13305]
xref: FMA:13305 ! Diaphysis of humerus
xref: MA:0002807 ! humerus diaphysis
xref: EMAPA:25051 ! shaft
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
synonym: "corpus humeri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:13305]
xref: SCTID:181927007 ! Entire shaft of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004654
name: temporal process of zygomatic bone
def: "The temporal process of the zygomatic bone, directed backward and medialward, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla, and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the infratemporal fossa. Near the center of this surface is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve." [Wikipedia:Temporal_process_of_the_zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "processus temporalis (os zygomaticum)" EXACT [FMA:52904]
synonym: "zygomatic bone temporal process" EXACT [MA:0002812]
synonym: "facies temporalis ossis zygomatici" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_process_of_the_zygomatic_bone]
xref: FMA:52904 ! Temporal process of zygomatic bone
xref: MA:0002812 ! zygomatic bone temporal process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray166.png/200px-Gray166.png
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001683 {source="MA"} ! zygomatic bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002500 {source="MA"} ! zygomatic arch
xref: SCTID:122772003 ! Temporal process of zygomatic bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Gray166.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004655
name: zygomatic process of temporal bone
alt_id: UBERON:0004653
def: "The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. It articulates with the zygomatic bone. This process is at first directed lateralward, its two surfaces looking upward and downward; it then appears as if twisted inward upon itself, and runs forward, its surfaces now looking medialward and lateralward." [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_temporal_bone]
synonym: "processus zygomaticus" EXACT [FMA:52886]
synonym: "temporal zygomatic process" EXACT [FMA:52886]
synonym: "temporal bone zygomatic process" EXACT [MA:0002811]
synonym: "processus zygomaticus ossis temporalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_temporal_bone]
xref: FMA:52886 ! Zygomatic process of temporal bone
xref: MA:0002811 ! temporal bone zygomatic process
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray137.png/200px-Gray137.png
xref: EMAPA:19015 ! zygomatic process
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 {source="MA"} ! temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002500 {source="MA"} ! zygomatic arch
xref: SCTID:414110008 ! Entire zygomatic process of temporal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray137.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013217
name: zygomatic plate
def: "In rodent anatomy, the zygomatic plate is a bony plate derived from the flattened front part of the zygomatic arch (cheekbone). At the back, it connects to the front (maxillary) root of the zygomatic arch, and at the top it is connected to the rest of the skull via the antorbital bridge. It is part of the maxillary bone, or upper jaw, which also contains the upper cheekteeth. Primitively, rodents have a nearly horizontal zygomatic plate. In association with specializations in zygomasseteric system, several distinct morphologies have developed across the order. The term is also used for an analogous structure in some South American typotheres, including Pseudotypotherium and Medistylus." [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_plate]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002500 ! zygomatic arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004657
name: mandible condylar process
def: "The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck." [BTO:0001750, Wikipedia:Condyloid_process]
synonym: "condyle of mandible" RELATED [Wikipedia:Condyloid_process]
synonym: "condyle of the mandible" RELATED [Wikipedia:Condyloid_process]
synonym: "condyloid process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Condyloid_process]
synonym: "mandibular condyloid process" RELATED [MA:0002816]
synonym: "processus condylaris" EXACT [FMA:52836]
synonym: "condylar process of mandible" EXACT [FMA:52836]
synonym: "mandibular condyle" EXACT [BTO:0001750]
xref: FMA:52836 ! Condylar process of mandible
xref: MA:0002816 ! mandible condylar process
xref: GAID:219 ! mandibular condyle
xref: BTO:0001750 ! mandibular condyle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Processuscondylarismandibulae.PNG/200px-Processuscondylarismandibulae.PNG
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600 ! mandibular condyle
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000401 ! mandibular ramus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011309
name: body of mandible
def: "The body of the mandible is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders." [Wikipedia:Body_of_mandible]
synonym: "body of the mandible" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_mandible]
synonym: "mandibular body" EXACT  [FMA:52827]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 {source="FMA"} ! mandible
xref: FMA:52827 ! body of mandible
xref: SCTID:244684002 ! Entire body of mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011310
name: masseteric fossa
def: ".The fossa for the masseter. In some therapsids, the coronoid process of the dentary bears a large external depression which accommodates the masseter -- an important muscle in closing and in grinding motions of the jaw." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryM.html]
synonym: "masseteric cavity" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 {source="FMA"} ! mandible
property_value: external_definition "fossa on the lateral surface of the mandible, located in the superior part of the ascending process.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}


[Term]
id: UBERON:0004658
name: mandible head
synonym: "Mandibular head" EXACT [FMA:59331]
synonym: "head of mandible" EXACT [FMA:59331]
xref: FMA:59331 ! Head of mandible
xref: MA:0002817 ! mandible head
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004657 ! mandible condylar process
xref: SCTID:51354009 ! Head of mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004659
name: mandible neck
synonym: "Mandibular neck" EXACT [FMA:59332]
synonym: "neck of mandible" EXACT [FMA:59332]
xref: FMA:59332 ! Neck of mandible
xref: MA:0002818 ! mandible neck
is_a: UBERON:0001560 ! neck of organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004657 ! mandible condylar process
xref: SCTID:368875004 ! Entire neck of mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011598
name: coronoid bone
synonym: "coronoid process" BROAD [TAO:0001673]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="AAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong", notes="mandibular series"} ! dermatocranium
xref: AAO:0000103 ! coronoid
xref: TAO:0001673 ! coronoid process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004660
name: mandible coronoid process
def: "a dorsal process on the lower jaw associated with muscle attachment. It may be formed by a separate coronoid bone or as a process of the dentary. In most living (and many extinct) mammals, the most dorsal of the three proximal processes of the jaw." [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryCh.html#Coronoid%20process]
comment: AO notes: TAO:0001673 coronoid process, a bony projection on dentary
synonym: "mandibular coronoid process" RELATED [MA:0002819]
synonym: "processus coronoideus (mandibula)" EXACT [FMA:52833]
synonym: "coronoid process of mandible" EXACT [FMA:52833]
synonym: "coronoid" BROAD [AAO:0000103]
xref: FMA:52833 ! Coronoid process of mandible
xref: MA:0002819 ! mandible coronoid process
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000401 ! mandibular ramus
xref: SCTID:244691004 ! Entire coronoid process of mandible
synonym: "processus coronoideus mandibulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Processuscoronoideusmandibulae.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010994
name: coronoid process of ulna
def: "The coronoid process is a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna. Its base is continuous with the body of the bone, and of considerable strength. Its apex is pointed, slightly curved upward, and in flexion of the forearm is received into the coronoid fossa of the humerus. Its upper surface is smooth, concave, and forms the lower part of the semilunar notch. Its antero-inferior surface is concave, and marked by a rough impression for the insertion of the Brachialis muscle. At the junction of this surface with the front of the body is a rough eminence, the tuberosity of the ulna, which gives insertion to a part of the Brachialis; to the lateral border of this tuberosity the oblique cord is attached. Its lateral surface presents a narrow, oblong, articular depression, the radial notch. Its medial surface, by its prominent, free margin, serves for the attachment of part of the ulnar collateral ligament. At the front part of this surface is a small rounded eminence for the origin of one head of the Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle; behind the eminence is a depression for part of the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus muscle; descending from the eminence is a ridge which gives origin to one head of the Pronator teres muscle. Frequently, the Flexor pollicis longus muscle arises from the lower part of the coronoid process by a rounded bundle of muscular fibers." [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna]
synonym: "coronoid process of the ulna" EXACT [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna]
synonym: "ulnar coronoid process" EXACT []
synonym: "coronoid process" BROAD  [FMA:23616]
synonym: "processus coronoideus" EXACT  [FMA:23616]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006822 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of ulna
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004661 ! mandible temporal crest
xref: FMA:23616 ! coronoid process of ulna
xref: SCTID:181951002 ! Entire coronoid process of ulna
synonym: "processus coronoideus ulnae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gray212.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004661 ! mandible temporal crest
name: mandible temporal crest
synonym: "Crista temporalis (Mandibulae)" EXACT [FMA:59484]
synonym: "temporal crest of mandible" EXACT [FMA:59484]
xref: FMA:59484 ! Temporal crest of mandible
xref: MA:0002820 ! mandible temporal crest
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000401 ! mandibular ramus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004662
name: vertebra lamina
synonym: "vertebral lamina" RELATED [MA:0002876]
synonym: "lamina of vertebral arch" EXACT [FMA:11951]
synonym: "vertebral lamina" EXACT [FMA:11951]
synonym: "lamina of vertebra" EXACT [FMA:11951]
synonym: "neural arch lamina" EXACT [AAO:0000695]
xref: FMA:11951 ! Lamina of vertebra
xref: MA:0002876 ! vertebra lamina
xref: AAO:0000695 ! neural arch lamina
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
synonym: "lamina arcus vertebrae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:11951]
xref: SCTID:277423002 ! Entire lamina of vertebra
property_value: external_definition "Paired plates that form the neural arch. The lateral margin of each lamina rests dorsal to the superior end of the pedicel, and the medial end fuses to the medial end of the opposite lamina.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000695", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004663
name: aorta wall
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of an aorta [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Aortic wall" EXACT [FMA:14156]
synonym: "wall of aorta" EXACT [FMA:14156]
xref: FMA:14156 ! Wall of aorta
xref: MA:0002901 ! aorta wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! aorta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004664
name: aorta tunica adventitia
synonym: "tunica adventitia of aorta" EXACT [FMA:14283]
xref: FMA:14283 ! Tunica adventitia of aorta
xref: MA:0002902 ! aorta tunica adventitia
intersection_of: UBERON:0005734 ! tunica adventitia of blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! part_of aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004663 ! aorta wall
xref: SCTID:24996002 ! Aortic tunica adventitia
def: "A tunica adventitia that is part of a aorta." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007240
name: tunica adventitia of artery
synonym: "tunica externa (adventitia)(arteriae)" EXACT [FMA:14274]
synonym: "arterial adventitia" EXACT [EV:0100030]
xref: FMA:14274 ! tunica adventitia of artery
xref: EV:0100030 ! arterial adventitia
intersection_of: UBERON:0005734 ! tunica adventitia of blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000415 ! artery wall
relationship: has_part CL:1000306 {source="FMA"} ! fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery
xref: SCTID:113261001 ! Tunica adventitia of artery
def: "A tunica adventitia that is part of a artery." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007241
name: tunica adventitia of vein
synonym: "tunica externa (adventitia)(venae)" EXACT [FMA:14355]
synonym: "venous adventitia" EXACT [EV:0100034]
xref: FMA:14355 ! tunica adventitia of vein
xref: EV:0100034 ! venous adventitia
intersection_of: UBERON:0005734 ! tunica adventitia of blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:13202006 ! Tunica adventitia of vein
def: "A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005740
name: tunica intima of artery
synonym: "tunica interna (intima)(arteriae)" EXACT [FMA:14272]
synonym: "arterial intima" EXACT [EV:0100028]
xref: FMA:14272 ! Tunica intima of artery
xref: EV:0100028 ! arterial intima
intersection_of: UBERON:0002523 ! tunica intima
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000415 ! artery wall
xref: galen:IntimaOfArtery
xref: SCTID:40022005 ! Tunica intima of artery
def: "A tunica intima that is part of a artery." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007242
name: tunica intima of vein
synonym: "tunica interna (intima)(venae)" EXACT [FMA:14353]
synonym: "venous intima" EXACT [EV:0100032]
xref: FMA:14353 ! tunica intima of vein
xref: EV:0100032 ! venous intima
intersection_of: UBERON:0002523 ! tunica intima
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:2436009 ! Tunica intima of vein
def: "A tunica intima that is part of a vein." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007239
name: tunica media of artery
synonym: "tunica media (arteriae)" EXACT [FMA:14273]
synonym: "arterial media" EXACT [EV:0100029]
xref: FMA:14273 ! tunica media of artery
xref: EV:0100029 ! arterial media
intersection_of: UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000415 ! artery wall
xref: SCTID:84300001 ! Tunica media of artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! venous system smooth muscle tissue
def: "A tunica media that is part of a artery." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1710627

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007243
name: tunica media of vein
synonym: "tunica media (venae)" EXACT [FMA:14354]
synonym: "venous media" EXACT [EV:0100033]
xref: FMA:14354 ! tunica media of vein
xref: EV:0100033 ! venous media
intersection_of: UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:42049001 ! Tunica media of vein
def: "A tunica media that is part of a vein." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004665
name: seminal vesicle muscle layer
def: "A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscular coat of seminal gland" EXACT [FMA:19404]
synonym: "muscular layer of seminal gland" EXACT [FMA:19404]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (Vesicula seminalis)" EXACT [FMA:19404]
synonym: "muscle layer of seminal vesicle" EXACT [FMA:19404]
xref: FMA:19404 ! Muscle layer of seminal vesicle
xref: MA:0002913 ! seminal vesicle muscle layer
xref: EMAPA:29773 ! muscle layer of seminal vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000998 ! seminal vesicle
synonym: "tunica muscularis glandulae vesiculosae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19404]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004666
name: interventricular septum membranous part
synonym: "membranous interventricular septum" RELATED [MA:0002939]
synonym: "Membranous interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:7135]
synonym: "Membranous portion of interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:7135]
synonym: "Pars membranacea (septi interventricularis)" EXACT [FMA:7135]
synonym: "membranous part of interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:7135]
xref: FMA:7135 ! Membranous part of interventricular septum
xref: MA:0002939 ! interventricular septum membranous part
xref: VHOG:0000927 ! membranous part interventricular septum
xref: EHDAA2:0004596 ! interventricular septum membraneous part
xref: EMAPA:18246 ! membranous part
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002094 ! interventricular septum
xref: SCTID:278228007 ! Entire membranous portion of interventricular septum
synonym: "membranous part interventricular septum" EXACT [VHOG:0000927]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004667
name: interventricular septum muscular part
def: "A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscular interventricular septum" RELATED [MA:0002940]
synonym: "Muscular interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:7134]
synonym: "Pars muscularis (septi interventricularis)" EXACT [FMA:7134]
synonym: "muscular part of interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:7134]
xref: FMA:7134 ! Muscular part of interventricular septum
xref: MA:0002940 ! interventricular septum muscular part
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000888 ! interventricular septum muscular part
xref: EMAPA:18247 ! muscular part
xref: EHDAA:2607 ! muscular part
intersection_of: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002094 ! interventricular septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004671
name: gyrus rectus
synonym: "gyrus rectus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1103]
synonym: "medial part of gyri orbitales" EXACT [FMA:61893]
synonym: "rectal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61893]
synonym: "rectus gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61893]
synonym: "straight gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61893]
xref: FMA:61893 ! straight gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1103 ! Gyrus rectus
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 ! frontal lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
xref: SCTID:279206004 ! Entire gyrus rectus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004672
name: posterior horn lateral ventricle
synonym: "posterior horn lateral ventricle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1297]
synonym: "posterior horn of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83700]
synonym: "occipital horn of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83700]
synonym: "occipital horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1297]
synonym: "posterior horn of the lateral ventricle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1297]
xref: FMA:83700 ! occipital horn of lateral ventricle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1297 ! Posterior horn lateral ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0004086 ! brain ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
synonym: "cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83700]
xref: ncithesaurus:Occipital_Horn_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle ! Occipital Horn of the Lateral Ventricle
xref: SCTID:362314009 ! Entire posterior horn of lateral ventricle
xref: UMLS:C0152282

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004673
name: trigeminal nerve root
comment: TODO - check ZFA
synonym: "trigeminal nerve root" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1346]
synonym: "trigeminal neural root" EXACT [FMA:52610]
synonym: "root of trigeminal nerve" EXACT [FMA:52610]
synonym: "root of trigeminal V nerve" EXACT [Obol:cjm]
xref: FMA:52610 ! root of trigeminal nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1346 ! Trigeminal nerve root
xref: ZFA:0000192 ! descending trigeminal root
is_a: UBERON:0006843 {source="FMA"} ! root of cranial nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0002211 ! nerve root
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001645 ! trigeminal nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon
xref: SCTID:280185007 ! Root of trigeminal nerve
xref: TAO:0000192 ! descending trigeminal root
synonym: "descending trigeminal root" RELATED [TAO:0000192]
def: "A nerve root that continuous_with a trigeminal nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004674
name: facial nerve root
synonym: "facial nerve root" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1513]
synonym: "central part of facial nerve" EXACT [FMA:53418]
synonym: "facial nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:53418]
synonym: "facial neural root" EXACT [FMA:53418]
synonym: "root of facial nerve" EXACT [FMA:53418]
xref: FMA:53418 ! root of facial nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1513 ! Facial nerve root
is_a: UBERON:0006843 {source="FMA"} ! root of cranial nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0002211 ! nerve root
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001647 ! facial nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon
xref: SCTID:280186008 ! Root of facial nerve
def: "A nerve root that continuous_with a facial nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009906
name: root of optic nerve
comment: TODO - check. See comments for optic tract. FMA also has medial root.
synonym: "root of optic tract" EXACT [FMA:84573]
synonym: "optic tract root" EXACT  [FMA:84573]
synonym: "optic nerve root" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1328]
is_a: UBERON:0006843 {source="FMA"} ! root of cranial nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0002211 ! nerve root
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0004904 ! optic nerve
xref: FMA:84573 ! root of optic tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1328 ! Optic nerve root
def: "A nerve root that continuous_with a nerve connecting eye with brain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004675
name: hypoglossal nerve root
synonym: "hypoglossal nerve root" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1588]
synonym: "central part of hypoglossal nerve" EXACT [FMA:72632]
synonym: "hypoglossal nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72632]
synonym: "root of hypoglossal nerve" EXACT [FMA:72632]
synonym: "hypoglossal nerve tract" EXACT [FMA:72632]
xref: FMA:72632 ! hypoglossal nerve tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1588 ! Hypoglossal nerve root
is_a: UBERON:0006843 {source="FMA"} ! root of cranial nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0002211 ! nerve root
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001650 ! hypoglossal nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
def: "A nerve root that continuous_with a hypoglossal nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004678
name: apex of spinal cord dorsal horn
synonym: "apex of spinal cord dorsal horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2670]
synonym: "apex of dorsal gray column" EXACT [FMA:256700]
synonym: "apex of dorsal horn of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256700]
synonym: "apex of posterior horn of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256700]
synonym: "apex of dorsal gray column of spinal cord" EXACT [FMA:256700]
synonym: "apex of spinal cord posterior horn" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2670]
xref: FMA:256700 ! apex of dorsal gray column of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2670 ! Apex of spinal cord dorsal horn
is_a: UBERON:0002315 ! gray matter of spinal cord
synonym: "apex cornu posterioris medullae spinalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:256700]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004680
name: body of fornix
def: "The columns (anterior pillars; fornicolumns) of the fornix arch downward in front of the interventricular foramen and behind the anterior commissure, and each descends through the gray substance in the lateral wall of the third ventricle to the base of the brain, where it ends in the corpus mammillare. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Columns_of_fornix]
synonym: "body of fornix" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_739]
synonym: "column of fornix" EXACT [FMA:61968]
synonym: "fornix body" EXACT [FMA:61968]
synonym: "body of fornix of forebrain" EXACT [FMA:61968]
synonym: "columns of fornix" EXACT [Wikipedia:Columns_of_fornix]
xref: FMA:61968 ! body of fornix of forebrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_739 ! Body of fornix
xref: SCTID:369117006 ! Entire columns of fornix
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray747.png/200px-Gray747.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002780 ! regional part of forebrain
synonym: "columna fornicis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61968]
synonym: "columna fornicis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Columns_of_fornix]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Gray747.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004682
name: corona radiata
def: "For the structure in embryology, see Corona radiata (embryology) In neuroanatomy, the corona radiata is a white matter sheet that continues caudally as the internal capsule and rostrally as the centrum semiovale. This sheet of axons contains both descending and ascending axons that carry nearly all of the neural traffic from and to the cerebral cortex. The corona radiata is associated with the corticospinal tract, the corticopontine tract, and the corticobulbar tract. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Corona_radiata]
synonym: "corona radiata" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090903]
xref: FMA:18661 ! corona radiata
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_090903 ! Corona radiata
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gray745.png/200px-Gray745.png
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray745.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004683
name: parasubiculum
synonym: "parasubiculum" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_091002]
synonym: "parasubicular area" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_091002]
xref: FMA:77604 ! parasubiculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_091002 ! Parasubiculum
xref: ABA:PAR ! Parasubiculum
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-PASB ! parasubiculum
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002728 {source="ABA"} ! entorhinal area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001953 {source="ABA"} ! presubiculum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002191 {source="ABA"} ! subiculum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004686
name: gastro-splenic ligament
def: "peritoneum connecting the greater curvature of stomach with the hilum of the spleen[umich]. part of the greater omentum; derived from the dorsal mesogastrium in the embryo." [Wikipedia:Gastrosplenic_ligament, http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/gastrointestinal_system/stomach_tables.html]
comment: in MA, EMAPA and EHDAA2 this is part of the dorsal mesogastrium. In wikipedia, and the above source, it is derived from the DM. This is a generic ligament in MA, we infer this and assert that this is a nonskeletal ligament
synonym: "ligamentum gastrosplenicum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Gastrosplenic_ligament]
synonym: "gastrolienal ligament" EXACT [FMA:16517]
synonym: "gastrosplenc ligament" EXACT [FMA:16517]
synonym: "gastrosplenic ligament" EXACT [FMA:16517]
xref: FMA:16517 ! Gastrosplenic ligament
xref: MA:0001619 ! gastro-splenic ligament
xref: VHOG:0000354 ! gastro-splenic ligament
xref: EHDAA2:0000702 ! gastrosplenic ligament
xref: EMAPA:18285 ! gastro-splenic ligament of dorsal mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18905 ! gastro-splenic ligament of greater omentum of dorsal mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of gut
xref: EHDAA:9160 ! gastrosplenic ligament
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray1039.png
is_a: UBERON:0008845 {source="MA-propagated"} ! nonskeletal ligament
relationship: connects UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: connects UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001248 ! hilum of spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005448 {source="FMA", source="Wikipedia"} ! greater omentum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005602 {source="MA-modified", source="Wikipedia"} ! dorsal mesogastrium
xref: SCTID:260636005 ! Entire gastrosplenic ligament
property_value: external_definition "Mesenteric fold extending from the greater curvature of the stomach to the spleen. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000354", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012471
name: hepatogastric ligament
def: "Ligament extending between the liver and stomach" [Wikipedia:Hepatogastric_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum hepatogastricum" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Hepatogastric_ligament]
synonym: "gastrohepatic ligament" EXACT  [FMA:16520]
synonym: "gastro-hepatic ligament" EXACT  []
synonym: "hepato-gastric ligament" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008845 ! nonskeletal ligament
relationship: connects UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: connects UBERON:0002107 ! liver
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002399 {source="FMA"} ! lesser omentum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005602 ! dorsal mesogastrium
xref: FMA:16520 ! hepatogastric ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Hepatogastric_Ligament ! hepatogastric ligament
xref: SCTID:260825001 ! Entire gastrohepatic ligament
xref: UMLS:C0230232

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012472
name: hepatoduodenal ligament
def: "The hepatoduodenal ligament is the portion of the lesser omentum extending between the porta hepatis of the liver and the superior part of the duodenum." [Wikipedia:Hepatoduodenal_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum hepatoduodenale" EXACT [Wikipedia:Hepatoduodenal_ligament]
is_a: UBERON:0008845 ! nonskeletal ligament
relationship: connects UBERON:0002107 ! liver
relationship: connects UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002399 {source="FMA"} ! lesser omentum
xref: FMA:16521 ! hepatoduodenal ligament
xref: SCTID:362706000 ! Entire hepatoduodenal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004687
name: lieno-renal ligament
def: "peritoneum that attaches the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall over the left kidney. develops from the dorsal mesogastrium of the embryo[umich]" [Wikipedia:Splenorenal_ligament, http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/gastrointestinal_system/peritoneum_tables.html]
comment: Multiple sources support greater omentum assignment. E.g. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/splenorenal+ligament. We change the MA part_of assignment to develops_from
synonym: "lienorenal ligament" EXACT [FMA:16522]
synonym: "ligamentum splenorenale (lienorenale, phrenicosplenicum)" EXACT [FMA:16522]
synonym: "phrenicolienal ligament" EXACT [FMA:16522]
synonym: "splenicorenal ligament" EXACT [FMA:16522]
synonym: "splenorenal ligament" EXACT [FMA:16522]
synonym: "ligamentum lienorenale" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:16522]
xref: FMA:16522 ! Splenorenal ligament
xref: MA:0001620 ! lieno-renal ligament
xref: EMAPA:18286 ! lieno-renal ligament of dorsal mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18906 ! lieno-renal ligament of greater omentum of dorsal mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of gut
xref: EHDAA2:0004572 ! lienorenal ligament
is_a: UBERON:0008845 {source="MA-propagated"} ! nonskeletal ligament
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005448 {source="FMA"} ! greater omentum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005602 {source="MA-modified"} ! dorsal mesogastrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004688
name: costo-cervical trunk
def: "The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk]
synonym: "trunk of costocervical artery" EXACT [FMA:10636]
synonym: "costocervical trunk" EXACT [FMA:10636]
xref: FMA:10636 ! Costocervical trunk
xref: MA:0001939 ! costo-cervical trunk
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Costocervical_trunk_with_branches.png/200px-Costocervical_trunk_with_branches.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: SCTID:244225009 ! Entire costocervical trunk
synonym: "truncus costocervicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Costocervical_trunk_with_branches.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004689
name: naso-frontal vein
synonym: "nasofrontal vein" EXACT [FMA:51729]
xref: FMA:51729 ! Nasofrontal vein
xref: MA:0002182 ! naso-frontal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0005486 {source="FMA/obol"} ! venous dural sinus
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0003712 {source="FMA/obol"} ! cavernous sinus
xref: SCTID:44840002 ! Entire nasofrontal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012304
name: nasal diverticulum
def: "Caudally blind-ending cutaneous pouch lined with skin that occupies the nasoincisive notch. It's ventral and medial walls is formed by the alar fold. It's lateral wall is formed by the external nares and it's dorsal wall is formed by the straight fold. Lined by pigmented predominantly hairless skin. It has an external opening located on the dorsolateral aspect of the &quot;true nostril&quot;. When the horse is exercising, obliteration of the nasal diverticulum greatly widens the nostrils increasing air intake[MURDOCH]." [ISBN:3899930983, MURDOCH:1367]
synonym: "false nostril" RELATED []
synonym: "nasal trumpet" RELATED [ISBN:3899930983]
synonym: "soft nose" RELATED [ISBN:3899930983]
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005928 ! external naris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004692
name: external naris epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a naris [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001321 ! external naris epithelium
xref: EMAPA:18596 ! epithelium of external of naris
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005928 ! external naris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004693
name: Peyer's patch epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a Peyer' s patch [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "peyer's patch epithelium" EXACT [MA:0000731]
xref: MA:0000731 ! peyer's patch epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001211 ! part_of Peyer's patch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004694
name: harderian gland epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a Harderian gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001248 ! harderian gland epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004187 ! Harderian gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004695
name: arterial system smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000704 ! arterial system smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004572 ! part_of arterial system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004696
name: venous system smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000715 ! venous system smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004582 ! part_of venous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004237 ! blood vessel smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004698
name: vena cava endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of a vena cava [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000713 ! vena cava endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004087 ! part_of vena cava
xref: ncithesaurus:Vena_Cava_Endothelium ! Vena Cava Endothelium
xref: UMLS:C1710623

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004699
name: outflow tract endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000490 ! outflow tract endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004145 ! part_of outflow tract
xref: VHOG:0001524 ! outflow tract endothelium
property_value: homology_notes "It is assumed that during evolution, a circulatory system composed of the heart and endothelial tubular system first formed in vertebrates, medial smooth muscle then appeared for regulation of the system, and innervation of the muscle tissue took place. This sequence of development assumed for phylogenesis is actually realized in the ontogenetic processes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001524", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1254/jjp.87.253 Shigei T\, Tsuru H\, Ishikawa N\, Yoshioka K\, Absence of endothelium in invertebrate blood vessels: significance of endothelium and sympathetic nerve/medial smooth muscle in the vertebrate vascular system. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004701
name: venous system endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000714 ! venous system endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004582 ! part_of venous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Venous_System_Endothelium ! Venous System Endothelium
xref: UMLS:C1710626

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004702
name: respiratory system blood vessel endothelium
def: "A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001805 ! respiratory system blood vessel endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0004638 ! blood vessel endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003504 ! respiratory system blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013479
name: lung endothelium
def: "A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory endothelium" RELATED  [BTO:0004128]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004638 ! blood vessel endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung
xref: BTO:0004128 ! lung endothelium
xref: CALOHA:TS-0573 ! Lung endothelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008324 ! erectile tissue
name: erectile tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006609 ! corpus cavernosum
name: corpus cavernosum
def: "." [Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum]
is_a: UBERON:0008324 ! erectile tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004713
name: corpus cavernosum penis
def: "One of the columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsum and sides of the penis." [BTO:0002019, Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_penis]
synonym: "cavernous body of penis" RELATED [BTO:0002019]
synonym: "penile corpus cavernosum" RELATED [BTO:0002019]
synonym: "spongy body of male urethra" RELATED [BTO:0002019]
synonym: "spongy body of penis" RELATED [BTO:0002019]
synonym: "corpus cavernosum of penis" EXACT [FMA:19618]
synonym: "corpus cavernosum" BROAD [BTO:0002019]
synonym: "corpus spongiosum penis" RELATED INCONSISTENT [BTO:0002019]
synonym: "penis erectile tissue" BROAD [MA:0001743]
xref: Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_penis ! corpus cavernosum penis
xref: BTO:0002019 ! corpus cavernosum penis
xref: FMA:19618 ! Corpus cavernosum of penis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gray1155.png/200px-Gray1155.png
xref: EMAPA:29856 ! corpus spongiosum of glans penis of penis (also: UBERON:0011183 'corpus spongiosum of penis')
xref: EMAPA:29850 ! corpus spongiosum of crus penis (also: UBERON:0011183 'corpus spongiosum of penis')
xref: MA:0001743 ! penis erectile tissue
xref: SCTID:245468004 ! Entire corpus cavernosum
intersection_of: UBERON:0006609 ! corpus cavernosum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: has_function_in GO:0043084 ! penile erection
xref: ncithesaurus:Penis_Erectile_Tissue ! Penis Erectile Tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Corpora_Cavernosa ! corpora cavernosa
synonym: "corpus cavernosum penis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_penis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray1155.png
xref: UMLS:C0227937
xref: UMLS:C1709494

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006608 ! corpus cavernosum clitoridis
name: corpus cavernosum clitoridis
def: "The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the clitoris during clitoral erection. This is homologous to the corpus cavernosum penis in the male; the body of the clitoris contains erectile tissue in a pair of corpora cavernosa (literally \"cave-like bodies\"), with a recognisably similar structure." [Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_of_clitoris]
synonym: "cavernous body of clitoris" RELATED [BTO:0002018]
synonym: "clitoral corpus cavernosum" RELATED [BTO:0002018]
synonym: "corpus cavernosum" RELATED [BTO:0002018]
xref: BTO:0002018 ! corpus cavernosum clitoridis
xref: FMA:20172 ! corpus cavernosum of clitoris
xref: SCTID:16657007 ! Corpus cavernosum of clitoris
intersection_of: UBERON:0006609 ! corpus cavernosum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002411 ! clitoris
synonym: "corpus cavernosum clitoridis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Corpus_cavernosum_of_clitoris]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Clitoris_inner_anatomy.gif
synonym: "corpus cavernosum of clitoris" EXACT [FMA:20172]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011183
name: corpus spongiosum of penis
def: "Corpus spongiosum (also known as corpus cavernosum urethrae in older texts) is the mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis." [Wikipedia:Corpus_spongiosum_penis]
comment: Function notes: The function of the corpus spongiosum in erection is to prevent the urethra from pinching closed, thereby maintaining the urethra as a viable channel for ejaculation. To do this, the corpus spongiosum remains pliable during erection while the corpora cavernosum penis becomes engorged with blood.[WP]
synonym: "corpus cavernosum urethra" RELATED DEPRECATED [Wikipedia:Corpus_spongiosum_penis]
synonym: "corpus cavernosum urethrae" RELATED DEPRECATED [Wikipedia:Corpus_spongiosum_penis]
synonym: "corpus spongiosum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Corpus_spongiosum_penis]
synonym: "spongiose body of penis" EXACT  [FMA:19617]
is_a: UBERON:0008324 ! erectile tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
relationship: has_function_in GO:0043084 ! penile erection
xref: FMA:19617 ! corpus spongiosum of penis
xref: EMAPA:29850 ! corpus spongiosum (also: UBERON:0004713 'corpus cavernosum penis')
xref: EMAPA:29856 ! corpus spongiosum (also: UBERON:0004713 'corpus cavernosum penis')
xref: ncithesaurus:Corpus_Spongiosum ! corpus spongiosum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray1155.png
xref: SCTID:279712008 ! Entire corpus spongiosum
xref: UMLS:C1522442

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004714 ! septum pellucidum
name: septum pellucidum
def: "The septum pellucidum is made up of two thin sheets of mostly glial-like elements that abut each other in the midline and have a potential space between them. Those sheets also separate the left and right lateral ventricles from each other. At the base of the sheets rostrally, however, are the septal nuclei, which are important components of the limbic system.a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the lateral ventricles of the brain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. When the hemispheres are cut apart, the septum remains on one hemisphere, usually the left. The septum pellucidum is implicated in pleasure, mood, rage, sexual gratification and more. Lesions of the septum lead to sham rage. Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (primary efferent of the septum) restores normal behavior." [Wikipedia:Septum_pellucidum, BTO:0003448]
synonym: "pellucidum" RELATED [BTO:0003448]
synonym: "septum lucidum" RELATED [BTO:0003448]
synonym: "supracommissural septum" EXACT [FMA:61844]
xref: Wikipedia:Septum_pellucidum ! septum pellucidum
xref: BTO:0003448 ! septum pellucidum
xref: FMA:61844 ! Septum pellucidum
xref: MA:0002979 ! septum pellucidum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray732.png/200px-Gray732.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276.814 ! septum pellucidum
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000446 ! septum of telencephalon
xref: ncithesaurus:Septum_Pellucidum ! Septum Pellucidum
xref: SCTID:362313003 ! Entire septum pellucidum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1315 ! Septal pellucidum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png
xref: UMLS:C0036700

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006444 ! annulus fibrosus
name: annulus fibrosus
def: "A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart)." [BTO:0003627]
synonym: "fibrous ring" RELATED [BTO:0003627]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus" EXACT [FMA:76704]
subset: grouping_class
xref: BTO:0003627 ! annulus fibrosus
xref: FMA:76704 ! anulus fibrosus
is_a: UBERON:0001995 ! fibrocartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart
name: fibrous ring of heart
def: "The right and left fibrous rings of heart (anulus fibrosus cordis) surround the atrioventricular and arterial orifices, and are stronger upon the left than on the right side of the heart. The right fibrous ring is known as the anulus fibrosus dexter cordis, and the left is known as the anulus fibrosus sinister cordis. The atrioventricular rings serve for the attachment of the muscular fibers of the atria and ventricles, and for the attachment of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. The left atrioventricular ring is closely connected, by its right margin, with the aortic arterial ring; between these and the right atrioventricular ring is a triangular mass of fibrous tissue, the trigonum fibrosum, which represents the os cordis seen in the heart of some of the larger animals, as the ox and elephant. Lastly, there is the tendinous band, already referred to, the posterior surface of the conus arteriosus. The fibrous rings surrounding the arterial orifices serve for the attachment of the great vessels and semilunar valves, they are known as The aortic annulus. Each ring receives, by its ventricular margin, the attachment of some of the muscular fibers of the ventricles; its opposite margin presents three deep semicircular notches, to which the middle coat of the artery is firmly fixed. The attachment of the artery to its fibrous ring is strengthened by the external coat and serous membrane externally, and by the endocardium internally. From the margins of the semicircular notches the fibrous structure of the ring is continued into the segments of the valves. The middle coat of the artery in this situation is thin, and the vessel is dilated to form the sinuses of the aorta and pulmonary artery." [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
comment: todo - compare with ZFA atrioventricular ring, part of the conduction system
synonym: "annulus fibrosus cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus cordis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "aortic annulus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "fibrous ring of heart" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus of heart" EXACT [FMA:9497]
synonym: "coronary tendon" RELATED [BTO:0003628]
synonym: "Lower's ring" RELATED [BTO:0003628]
synonym: "atrioventricular ring" RELATED [BTO:0003628]
xref: FMA:9497 ! fibrous ring of heart
xref: BTO:0003628 ! annulus fibrosus cordis 
intersection_of: UBERON:0006444 ! annulus fibrosus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004719
name: arcuate vein
def: "The arcuate vein is a vessel of the renal circulation. It is located at the border of the renal cortex and renal medulla." [Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein]
synonym: "arcuate veins" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein]
xref: MA:0002593 ! arcuate vein
xref: Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein ! arcuate vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png/200px-Kidney_PioM.png
xref: EMAPA:28221 ! arcuate vein
is_a: UBERON:0003517 ! kidney blood vessel
synonym: "venae arcuatae renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004721
name: crista ampullaris
def: "The crista ampullaris is the sensory organ of rotation located in the semicircular canal of the inner ear. The function of the crista ampullaris is to sense angular acceleration and deceleration." [Wikipedia:Crista_ampullaris]
synonym: "cristae ampullares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Crista_ampullaris]
synonym: "ampullary crest" RELATED [MA:0002771]
synonym: "ampullary crest of semicircular duct" EXACT [FMA:77714]
xref: MA:0002771 ! crista ampullaris
xref: Wikipedia:Crista_ampullaris ! crista ampullaris
xref: FMA:77714 ! Ampullary crest of semicircular duct
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004043 {source="MA"} ! semicircular canal ampulla
xref: ncithesaurus:Ampullary_Crest ! Ampullary Crest
xref: SCTID:368953000 ! Entire crista ampullaris
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Semicircular_canal_-_ampulla.png
xref: UMLS:C0229465

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006935 ! crista ampullaris neuroepithelium
name: crista ampullaris neuroepithelium
synonym: "ampullary crest neuroepithelium" RELATED [MA:0002870]
synonym: "epithelium of crista of ampulla of semicircular duct of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [FMA:75636]
xref: MA:0002870 ! crista ampullaris neuroepithelium
xref: FMA:75636 ! epithelium of crista of ampulla of semicircular duct of membranous labyrinth
is_a: UBERON:0006932 {source="FMA"} ! vestibular epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004721 ! crista ampullaris
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004721 {source="MA"} ! crista ampullaris
relationship: has_part CL:0002316 {source="FMA"} ! supporting cell of vestibular epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a crista ampullaris." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007274
name: crista of ampulla of anterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth
comment: todo - unvetted
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "anterior crista ampullaris" EXACT  [ZFA:0000619]
synonym: "anterior cristae" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000619]
synonym: "anterior semicircular canal sensory patch" EXACT  [ZFA:0000619]
synonym: "anterior semicircular canal sensory patches" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000619]
synonym: "rostral crista" EXACT  [ZFA:0000619]
xref: FMA:75610 ! crista of ampulla of anterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth
xref: ZFA:0000619 ! anterior crista
intersection_of: UBERON:0006935 ! crista ampullaris neuroepithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001857 ! anterior semicircular duct
xref: XAO:0004137 ! anterior crista
xref: TAO:0000619 ! anterior crista
property_value: external_definition "Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000619", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "anterior crista" RELATED [TAO:0000619]
synonym: "AC" RELATED [TAO:0000619]
synonym: "sensory patches" RELATED [TAO:0000619]
def: "A crista ampullaris neuroepithelium that is part of a anterior semicircular duct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007275
name: crista of ampulla of posterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth
comment: todo - unvetted
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "posterior crista ampullaris" EXACT  [ZFA:0000566]
synonym: "posterior cristae" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000566]
synonym: "posterior semicircular canal sensory patch" EXACT  [ZFA:0000566]
synonym: "posterior semicircular canal sensory patches" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000566]
synonym: "caudal crista" EXACT  [ZFA:0000566]
xref: FMA:75611 ! crista of ampulla of posterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth
xref: ZFA:0000566 ! posterior crista
intersection_of: UBERON:0006935 ! crista ampullaris neuroepithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001858 ! posterior semicircular duct
xref: XAO:0004133 ! posterior crista
xref: TAO:0000566 ! posterior crista
property_value: external_definition "Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000566", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "posterior crista" RELATED [TAO:0000566]
synonym: "PC" RELATED [TAO:0000566]
synonym: "sensory patches" RELATED [TAO:0000566]
def: "A crista ampullaris neuroepithelium that is part of a posterior semicircular duct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007276
name: crista of ampulla of lateral semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth
comment: todo - unvetted
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral crista ampullaris" EXACT  [ZFA:0000166]
synonym: "lateral cristae" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000166]
synonym: "lateral semicircular canal sensory patch" EXACT  [ZFA:0000166]
synonym: "lateral semicircular canal sensory patches" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000166]
xref: FMA:75612 ! crista of ampulla of lateral semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth
xref: ZFA:0000166 ! lateral crista
intersection_of: UBERON:0006935 ! crista ampullaris neuroepithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001859 ! lateral semicircular duct
xref: TAO:0000166 ! lateral crista
property_value: external_definition "Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000166", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "lateral crista" RELATED [TAO:0000166]
synonym: "LC" RELATED [TAO:0000166]
synonym: "sensory patches" RELATED [TAO:0000166]
def: "A crista ampullaris neuroepithelium that is part of a lateral semicircular duct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004722 ! deep cervical lymph node
name: deep cervical lymph node
def: "The deep cervical lymph nodes are a group of cervical lymph nodes found near the internal jugular vein. They can be divided into upper and lower groups, or superior and inferior groups. Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. They can also be divided into three groups: superior deep jugular, middle deep jugular, and 'inferior deep jugular'." [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes]
synonym: "lower jugular nodes" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes]
synonym: "middle jugular nodes" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes]
synonym: "upper jugular nodes" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes]
xref: MA:0002885 ! deep cervical lymph node
xref: Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes ! deep cervical lymph nodes
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Illu_lymph_chain02.jpg/200px-Illu_lymph_chain02.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0002429 ! cervical lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Deep_Cervical_Lymph_Node ! Deep Cervical Lymph Node
xref: SCTID:279145002 ! Deep cervical lymph node
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Illu_lymph_chain02.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0458298

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004870 ! superficial cervical lymph node
name: superficial cervical lymph node
def: "A group of nodes lying along the external jugular vein; they drain the skin and superficial structures over the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior cervical regions. Efferent vessels drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can be further subdivided into anterior and lateral groupings." [ref:Stedmans, CL:tm, Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_lymph_nodes]
synonym: "prescapular lymph node" RELATED [CL:tm]
xref: MA:0002886 ! superficial cervical lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0002429 ! cervical lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0003968 {source="CL:tm"} ! peripheral lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Lymph_Node ! Superficial Cervical Lymph Node
xref: SCTID:279144003 ! Superficial cervical lymph node
synonym: "nodi lymphoidei cervicales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_lymph_nodes]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Illu_quiz_hn_03.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0458297

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012306
name: lateral cervical lymph node
synonym: "lateral cervical node" EXACT  [FMA:61232]
is_a: UBERON:0002429 {source="FMA"} ! cervical lymph node
xref: FMA:61232 ! lateral cervical lymph node
xref: SCTID:167763000 ! Entire lateral cervical lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012307
name: anterior cervical lymph node
synonym: "anterior cervical node" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0002429 {source="FMA"} ! cervical lymph node
xref: FMA:61230 ! anterior cervical lymph node
xref: SCTID:168259009 ! Entire anterior cervical lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012308
name: superficial lateral cervical lymph node
def: "The superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to the external jugular vein." [Wikipedia:Superficial_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes]
synonym: "superficial lateral cervical node" EXACT  [FMA:12769]
is_a: UBERON:0012306 {source="FMA"} ! lateral cervical lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0004870 ! superficial cervical lymph node
xref: FMA:12769 ! superficial lateral cervical lymph node
xref: SCTID:50679006 ! Entire superficial lateral cervical lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012309
name: superficial anterior cervical lymph node
def: "The superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to the anterior jugular vein." [Wikipedia:Superficial_anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes]
synonym: "anterior jugular lymph node" EXACT  [FMA:12776]
is_a: UBERON:0012307 {source="FMA"} ! anterior cervical lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0004870 ! superficial cervical lymph node
xref: FMA:12776 ! superficial anterior cervical lymph node
xref: SCTID:22993006 ! Entire superficial anterior cervical lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012310
name: deep lateral cervical lymph node
def: "The deep lateral cervical lymph nodes are found near the upper part of the internal jugular vein in the neck, lateral or posterior to the carotid sheath." [Wikipedia:Deep_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes]
synonym: "deep lateral cervical node" EXACT  [FMA:12770]
is_a: UBERON:0012306 {source="FMA"} ! lateral cervical lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0004722 ! deep cervical lymph node
xref: FMA:12770 ! deep lateral cervical lymph node
xref: SCTID:61755005 ! Entire deep lateral cervical lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012311
name: deep anterior cervical lymph node
def: "The deep anterior cervical lymph nodes are found near the middle cricothyroid ligament and the trachea." [Wikipedia:Deep_anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes]
is_a: UBERON:0012307 {source="FMA"} ! anterior cervical lymph node
is_a: UBERON:0004722 ! deep cervical lymph node
xref: FMA:12779 ! deep anterior cervical lymph node
xref: SCTID:52363008 ! Entire deep anterior cervical lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009887
name: interlobar vein
def: "The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes." [Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins]
comment: FMA only has the set term
synonym: "interlobar vein of kidney" EXACT  [FMA:71631]
synonym: "venae interlobares renis" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:71631 ! set of interlobar veins of kidney
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005168 ! interlobular vein
synonym: "venae interlobares renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png
synonym: "set of interlobar veins of kidney" RELATED [FMA:71631]
synonym: "interlobar veins of kidney" RELATED [FMA:71631]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009885
name: interlobar artery
def: "One of a set of curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries." [Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries, MP:0011315]
comment: FMA only has the set term
synonym: "renal interlobar artery"  EXACT [MP:0011355]
synonym: "kidney interlobar artery"  EXACT []
synonym: "arteriae interlobares renis" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA]
synonym: "interlobar artery of kidney" EXACT  [FMA:71637]
xref: FMA:71637 ! set of interlobar arteries of kidney
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004723 {source="Wikipedia:Renal_circulation"} ! interlobular artery
synonym: "arteriae interlobares renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Kidney_PioM.png
xref: SCTID:62802007 ! Entire interlobar artery of kidney
synonym: "set of interlobar arteries of kidney" RELATED [FMA:71637]
synonym: "interlobar arteries of kidney" RELATED [FMA:71637]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004723 ! interlobular artery
name: interlobular artery
def: "the branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule." [Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries, MP:0011316]
synonym: "cortical radial arteries" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries]
synonym: "interlobular" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries]
synonym: "kidney interlobular artery" EXACT [MP:0011316]
xref: MA:0002584 ! interlobular artery
xref: Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries ! interlobular arteries
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray1128.png/200px-Gray1128.png
xref: EMAPA:28212 ! interlobular artery
xref: FMA:70498 ! interlobular renal artery
is_a: UBERON:0003644 ! kidney arterial blood vessel
xref: ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Artery ! Interlobular Artery
synonym: "arteriae corticales radiatae, arteriae interlobulares renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png
xref: SCTID:76147008 ! Entire interlobular artery of kidney
synonym: "interlobular renal artery" EXACT [FMA:70498]
xref: UMLS:C1512856

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004724
name: medial palpebral ligament
def: "The medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi), about 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth, is attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove. Crossing the lacrimal sac, it divides into two parts, upper and lower, each attached to the medial end of the corresponding tarsus. As the ligament crosses the lacrimal sac, a strong aponeurotic is given off from its posterior surface; this expands over the sac, and is attached to the posterior lacrimal crest." [Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_ligament]
xref: MA:0001258 ! medial palpebral ligament
xref: Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_ligament ! medial palpebral ligament
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gray894.png/200px-Gray894.png
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004772 ! eyelid tarsus
xref: ncithesaurus:Medial_Palpebral_Ligament ! Medial Palpebral Ligament
xref: SCTID:280578002 ! Entire medial palpebral ligament
synonym: "l. palpebrale mediale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_ligament]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gray894.png
xref: UMLS:C0229251

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002590
name: prepyriform area
synonym: "lateral olfactory gyrus" EXACT [FMA:62484]
synonym: "piriform cortex (price)" EXACT []
synonym: "prepiriform cortex" EXACT [FMA:62484]
synonym: "prepyriform cortex" EXACT [FMA:62484]
synonym: "(pre-)piriform cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097]
synonym: "piriform olfactory cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097]
synonym: "pyriform area" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097]
xref: FMA:62484 ! Prepyriform area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097 ! Prepyriform area (also: UBERON:0004725 'piriform cortex')
xref: ABA:PIR ! Piriform area
xref: BM:Tel-PRP ! prepiriform cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004069 {source="ABA"} ! accessory olfactory bulb
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002266 {source="ABA"} ! anterior olfactory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002893 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
synonym: "gyrus olfactorius lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:62484]
xref: SCTID:369104008 ! Entire lateral olfactory gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004725
name: piriform cortex
def: "In anatomy of animals, the piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex is a region in the brain. The piriform cortex is part of the rhinencephalon situated in the telencephalon. The function of the piriform cortex relates to olfaction, which is the perception of smells. Sometimes called the olfactory cortex, olfactory lobe or paleopallium, piriform cortical regions are present in the brains of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The piriform cortex is among three areas that emerge in the telencephalon of amphibians, situated caudally to a dorsal area, which is caudal to a hippocampal area. Farther along the phylogenic timeline, the telencephalic bulb of reptiles as viewed in a cross section of the transverse plane extends with the archipallial hippocampus folding toward the midline and down as the dorsal area begins to form a recognizable cortex. As mammalian cerebrums developed, volume of the dorsal cortex increased in slightly greater proportion, as compared proportionally with increased overall brain volume, until it enveloped the hippocampal regions. Recognized as neopallium or neocortex, enlarged dorsal areas envelop the paleopallial piriform cortex in humans and Old World monkeys. Among taxonomic groupings of mammals, the piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb become proportionally smaller in the brains of phylogenically younger species. The piriform cortex occupies a greater proportion of the overall brain and of the telencephalic brains of insectivores than in primates. The piriform cortex continues to occupy a consistent albeit small and declining proportion of the increasingly large telencephalon in the most recent primate species while the volume of the olfactory bulb becomes less in proportion. It is Brodmann area 27." [Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex]
synonym: "primary olfactory cortex" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex]
synonym: "pyriform cortex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex]
synonym: "pyriform lobe" RELATED [Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex]
synonym: "piriform area" RELATED [MA:0000978, BTO:0002651]
synonym: "primary olfactory areas" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2706]
synonym: "piriform lobe" RELATED [BTO:0002651]
xref: MA:0000978 ! piriform cortex
xref: Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex ! piriform cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1097 ! Piriform cortex (also: UBERON:0002590 'prepyriform area')
xref: BTO:0002651 ! piriform area 
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG/200px-Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG
xref: EV:0100178 ! primary olfactory cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002894 ! olfactory cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
synonym: "cortex piriformis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG
xref: SCTID:369098004 ! Entire piriform area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004726
name: vasa recta
def: "In the blood supply of the kidney, the vasa recta renis (or straight arteries of kidney, or straight arterioles of kidney) form a series of straight capillaries in the medulla. They lie parallel to the loop of Henle. These vessels branch off the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons (those nephrons closest to the medulla), enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle." [Wikipedia:Vasa_recta]
comment: TODO - is this a vein or set of veins? in MA it is a venous blood vessel
synonym: "arteria recta" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vasa_recta]
synonym: "arteriae rectae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vasa_recta]
synonym: "arteriolae recti" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vasa_recta]
synonym: "vasa rectae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vasa_recta]
synonym: "vasa recta of kidney" EXACT [FMA:72006]
synonym: "kidney vasa recta" EXACT [MP:0011324]
synonym: "renal medullary capillary" EXACT [EMAPA:30043]
synonym: "set of straight arterioles of kidney" EXACT [FMA:72006]
synonym: "straight arterioles of kidney" EXACT [FMA:72006]
xref: FMA:72006 ! set of straight arterioles of kidney
xref: MA:0002595 ! vasa recta
xref: EMAPA:30043 ! renal medullary capillary
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kidney_nephron.png/200px-Kidney_nephron.png
is_a: UBERON:0001140 ! renal vein
synonym: "vasa recta renis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72006]
synonym: "arteriolae rectae renis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72006]
xref: galen:ArteriaeRectae
synonym: "arteriolae rectae renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vasa_recta]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Kidney_nephron.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004740
name: basibranchial
def: "Median ventral cartilage or bony element at the ventral point of a branchial arch, behind the tongue." [http://www.fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=basibranchial&sc=is, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/basibranchial]
synonym: "basibranchials" EXACT [ZFA:0000170]
synonym: "copula I" RELATED [AAO:0000686]
xref: AAO:0000686 ! basibranchial
xref: ZFA:0000170 ! basibranchial
xref: EFO:0003503 ! basibranchial
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton
xref: TAO:0000170 ! basibranchial bone
property_value: external_definition "Medial element to which other parts of the hyoid apparatus are attached.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000686", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of hyoid apparatus skeleton (AAO:0000682)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000686", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Replacement bone that is ventral, median, and associated with a single pharyngeal arch in the pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000170", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass basibranchial element (TAO:0001914)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000170", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from copula (TAO:0001220)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000170", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "basibranchial bone" EXACT [TAO:0000170]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004651
name: scapula spine
def: "a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa." [Wikipedia:Spine_of_scapula]
comment: Taxon notes: the cleithrum, the major shoulder bone of extinct land vertebrate ancestors,.. appears to survive as the scapular spine in living mammals[Matsuoka, PMC1352163]
synonym: "scapular spine" RELATED [FMA:13453, MA:0002806]
synonym: "spine of scapula" EXACT [FMA:13453]
xref: FMA:13453 ! Spine of scapula
xref: MA:0002806 ! scapula spine
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png/200px-Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png
xref: EMAPA:25123 ! spine
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral limb scapula
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum
xref: SCTID:181916005 ! Entire spine of scapula
synonym: "spina scapulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spine_of_scapula]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004741
name: cleithrum
def: "Dermal bone on the margin of the scapula. The cleithrum is attached to the skull in fishes, but free from the latter in amphibians and disappears early in the evolution of reptiles." [VSAO:0000187, Wikipedia:Cleithrum]
comment: Taxon notes: Found in some early members of Chelonia (e.g. Triassochelys), but missing in all later forms.[VSAO]
synonym: "cleithra" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0000184]
synonym: "cleithrum bone" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: AAO:0000750 ! cleithrum
xref: ZFA:0000184 ! cleithrum
xref: EFO:0003507 ! cleithrum
xref: TAO:0000184 ! cleithrum
xref: VSAO:0000187 ! cleithrum
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="ZFA", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060210-7"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="ZFA"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003113 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:32443"} ! dermatocranium
property_value: external_definition "Paired bones of intramembranous origin. Each cleithrum extends medially from a point near the suprascapular-scapular articulation to invest the anterior margin of the suprascapula, and occasionoally it may extend to the dorsal (medial) surface. Usually, this bone is bifurcate.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000750", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of scapular area (AAO:0000935)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000750", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that articulates dorsally with the supracleithrum and ventro-medially with the scapula and coracoid and mesocoracoid bone when the last bone is present. With the posttemporal and supracleithrum, the cleithrum supports the primary pectoral girdle. The cleithrum is located immediately behind the branchial cavity.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000184", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "cleithrum@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000184]
synonym: "clithra@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000184]
synonym: "clithrum@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000184]
property_value: external_comment "Commonly, the cleithrum is a large, well-ossified bone provided with a dorsal and a ventral arm that form an angle of about 90 or a few more degrees. The dorsal arm may end in a sharp or spine-like process to articulate with the supracleithrum. At the confluence of both arms the bone presents a blade extending postero-ventrally and that may have different development among fishes. The anterior edge of the cleithrum is usually thick and may produce a medial plate of different degrees of development.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000184", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011246
name: procoracoid bone
comment: In primitive synapsis 3 centers develop in the shoulder: the dorsal center gives rise to the scapula and the two ventral centers produce an anterior coracoid (procoracoid) and posterior coracoid (coracoid). The anterior is homologous to the coracoid of fish[Kardong]. Editor notes: VSAO sais that the procoracoid+coracoid are homologous to the teleost coracoid. Consider adding a separate class for posterior coracoid.
synonym: "precoracoid" RELATED []
synonym: "precoracoid bone" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "anterior coracoid bone" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "anterior coracoid" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "procoracoid process" NARROW []
synonym: "procoracoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011248 ! procoracoid element
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0004743 {source="Kardong", notes="fish"} ! coracoid bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/P.gigas_forelimb.jpg
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011247 ! procoracoid bone cartilaginous condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011247
name: procoracoid cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0011248 ! procoracoid element
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011248 ! procoracoid element
name: procoracoid element
synonym: "procoracoid" EXACT [AAO:0000760]
synonym: "precoracoid" RELATED  [AAO:0000760]
synonym: "precoracoid" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "anterior coracoid" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! pectoral girdle skeleton
xref: AAO:0000760 ! procoracoid
property_value: external_definition "Cartilaginous, paired structures located on the anterolateral portions of the zonal area of the pectoral girdle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000760", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of zonal element (AAO:0000936)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000760", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004743 ! coracoid bone
name: coracoid bone
def: "Endochondral bone that is paired and forms part of the socket for the humerus in tetrapods and acts as base of the pectoral fin in fish." [VSAO:curator, Wikipedia:Coracoid]
comment: Editor notes: check developmental relationships. Taxon notes: In Theria, coracoid bones non-existent or fused with the shoulder blades to form coracoid processes[WP]. Procoracoid+coracoid are homologuous with coracoid of teleostomi. The coracoid is a triangular shaped-bone that usually has an anteriorly directed long process that may joins its counterpart in some fish groups. It may be perforated by the coracoid foramen or it may be notched dorsally and forms the scapulo-coracoid foramen together with a similar notch of the ventral margin of the scapula[VSAO] Terminology notes: see discussion in Kardong - suggests using procoracoid (anterior coracoid) for the element in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, and reserving coracoid for the new synapsid/therian structure.
synonym: "coracoids" EXACT [ZFA:0000332]
synonym: "clavicula" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "clavicula posterior" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "clavicula vera" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "coracoideum" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "coracoidien" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "pars sternalis scapulae" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "metacoracoid " RELATED  [VSAO:0000158]
synonym: "coracoid" EXACT [ZFA:0000332]
xref: AAO:0000764 ! coracoid
xref: ZFA:0000332 ! coracoid
xref: VSAO:0000158 ! coracoid
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="VSAO"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004753 ! scapulocoracoid
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32525 {reference="ISBN:0-03-910284-X"} ! Theria
xref: TAO:0000332 ! coracoid
property_value: external_definition "Paired cartilaginous structures or endochondral bones located on the posterolateral portions of the zonal area of the pectoral girdle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000764", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of zonal element (AAO:0000936)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000764", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral bone that articulates dorsally with the scapula and with the mesocoracoid when the latter is present, posteriorly with the lower two or three proximal radials and antero-ventrally with the cleithrum.  The coracoid develops from the scapulo-coracoid cartilage. The coracoid is paired.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000332", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "coracocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000332]
synonym: "hypocoracocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000332]
property_value: external_comment "The coracoid is a triangular shaped-bone that usually has an anteriorly directed long process that may joins its counterpart in some fish groups. It may be perforated by the coracoid foramen or it may be notched dorsally and forms the scapulo-coracoid foramen together with a similar notch of the ventral margin of the scapula.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000332", date_retrieved="2012-09-06", source="Curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006633 ! coracoid process of scapula
name: coracoid process of scapula
def: "The coracoid process is a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula. Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint. It is palpable in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. It is the site of attachment for several structures: * The pectoralis minor muscle - to 3rd to 5th ribs. * The short head of biceps brachii muscle - to Radial tuberosity. * The coracobrachialis muscle - to medial humerus. * The coracoclavicular ligament - to the clavicle. (The ligament is formed by the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament.) * The coracoacromial ligament - to the acromion[WP]." [Wikipedia:Coracoid_process]
synonym: "coracoid process of the scapula" EXACT [Wikipedia:Coracoid_process]
synonym: "coracoid process" EXACT [Wikipedia:Coracoid_process]
xref: FMA:13455 ! Coracoid process
xref: EMAPA:25121 ! coracoid process
xref: SCTID:181912007 ! Entire coracoid process of scapula
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 {source="FMA", source="EMAPA"} ! pectoral limb scapula
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004743 ! coracoid
synonym: "processus coracoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coracoid_process]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004745
name: parasphenoid
def: "a tooth- or denticle-covered plate which is attached to the sphenoid stem[Palaeos]." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/sphenethmoid.html]
synonym: "keilbein" RELATED [AAO:0000385]
synonym: "os parasphenoidale" RELATED [AAO:0000385]
synonym: "os sphenoideum" RELATED [AAO:0000385]
synonym: "parabasale" RELATED [AAO:0000385]
xref: AAO:0000385 ! parasphenoid
xref: ZFA:0000561 ! parasphenoid
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 {source="ZFA"} ! sphenoid region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 {source="ZFA"} ! olfactory region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012072 {source="Kardong", notes="palatal series"} ! palatal part of dermatocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001697 {source="ZFA-modified"} ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="ZFA"} ! neurocranium
xref: TAO:0000561 ! parasphenoid
property_value: external_definition "Azygous, dermal bone of intramembranous origin that underlies the ventral surface of the braincase in anurans and salamanders. In caecilians, the parasphenoid and other bones are fused to form the Os basale.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000385", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000385", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Dermal bone that forms part of the base of the skull and the lateral walls of the braincase through its ascending processes. It may articulate with the vomer anteriorly, the prootics and exoccipitals laterally, and the basioccipital posteriorly. The parasphenoid is an elongate median bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000561", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps parasphenoid-basioccipital joint (TAO:0001832)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000561", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps parasphenoid-pterosphenoid joint (TAO:0002217)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000561", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004748
name: obsolete autopalatine
is_obsolete: true
consider: AAO:0000372 ! palatine
consider: ZFA:0000620 ! autopalatine
!consider: TAO:0000620 ! autopalatine
property_value: external_definition "Sliver of bone that invest part of or all the posterior aspect of each antorbital plane.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000372", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: external_definition "The cartilaginous autopalatine forms from the anterior palatoquadrate arch. The first sign of ossification is visible at the anterior tip where it articulates with the maxilla (7.6 mm). In adults there are three processes at the anterior portion of the palatine: a ventromedial process, which forms the socket of the small ball- and- socket joint with the preethmoid; a dorsomedial process, which is connected by a short ligament to the ethmoid; and a lateral process, which extends toward the first infraorbital. Possession of a dorsomedial process, which abuts the ethmoid, is a unique feature shared by Cypriniformes (Fink and Fink, 1981). The palatine has two components, the autopalatine (derived from pars autopalatine) and the dermal component having teeth, the dermopalatine Arratia & Schultze 1990. The element in cypriniforms is only the cartilage part, so that it is more correct to name it autopalatine and not as palatine in general that it implies a fusion of elements (as in perciforms).[ZFA]" xsd:string {ontology="ZFA", external_class="ZFA:0000620", date_retrieved="2012-08-08", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004807
name: respiratory system epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001823 ! respiratory system epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! part_of respiratory system
xref: VHOG:0000981 ! respiratory epithelium (also: UBERON:0004802 'respiratory tract epithelium')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004802
name: respiratory tract epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0000419]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory tract epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "airway epithelium" RELATED [BTO:0000419]
xref: MA:0001480 ! respiratory tract epithelium
xref: BTO:0000419 ! respiratory epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000065 ! part_of respiratory tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000072 ! segment of respiratory tract
xref: SCTID:321764001 ! Entire respiratory epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000981 ! respiratory epithelium (also: UBERON:0004807 'respiratory system epithelium')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004785
name: respiratory system mucosa
def: "A mucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - split respiratory tract mucosa from respiratory system mucosa
synonym: "respiratory mucosa" RELATED [BTO:0000973]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001827 ! respiratory system mucosa
xref: BTO:0000973 ! respiratory mucosa
xref: GAID:304 ! respiratory mucosa 
xref: EMAPA:18334 ! mucous membranes (also: UBERON:0001824 'mucosa of larynx')
xref: MESH:A04.760 ! respiratory mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! part_of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004775
name: outer renal medulla vasa recta
def: "A vasa recta that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outer medulla of kidney vasa recta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outer zone of medulla of kidney vasa recta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outer zone of renal medulla vasa recta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of outer medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of outer renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of outer zone of medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of outer zone of renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney outer renal medulla vasa recta" EXACT [MP:0011330]
synonym: "kidney outer medulla vasa recta" EXACT [MP:0011330]
xref: MA:0002597 ! outer renal medulla vasa recta
intersection_of: UBERON:0004726 ! vasa recta
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001293 ! part_of outer medulla of kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004776
name: inner renal medulla vasa recta
def: "A vasa recta that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner medulla of kidney vasa recta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner zone of medulla of kidney vasa recta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner zone of renal medulla vasa recta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of inner region of renal pyramids vasa recta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of inner medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of inner renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of inner zone of medulla of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of inner zone of renal medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vasa recta of set of inner region of renal pyramids" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002596 ! inner renal medulla vasa recta
intersection_of: UBERON:0004726 ! vasa recta
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001294 ! part_of inner medulla of kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004777
name: respiratory system submucosa
def: "A submucosa that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001822 ! respiratory system submucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! part_of respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003570 ! respiratory system connective tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004778
name: larynx submucosa
def: "A submucosa that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002728 ! larynx submucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! part_of larynx
xref: SCTID:361941005 ! Entire submucosa of larynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004779
name: respiratory system lamina propria
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius lamina propria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001821 ! respiratory system lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! part_of respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003570 ! respiratory system connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004785 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! respiratory system mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004780
name: gastrointestinal system lamina propria
xref: MA:0001899 ! gastrointestinal system lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_Tract_Lamina_Propria ! Gastrointestinal System Lamina Propria
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a gastrointestinal system." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004786 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! gastrointestinal system mucosa
xref: UMLS:C1708197

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004781
name: gall bladder lamina propria
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder lamina propria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder lamina propria mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria mucosa of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lamina propria of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary lamina propria" RELATED [MA:0001633]
xref: MA:0001633 ! gall bladder lamina propria
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002110 ! part_of gallbladder
xref: ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Lamina_Propria ! Gallbladder Lamina Propria
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005033 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mucosa of gallbladder
xref: UMLS:C1708175

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004782
name: gastrointestinal system serosa
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001522 ! gastrointestinal system serosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004783
name: gall bladder serosa
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder serosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder serous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serosa of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "serous membrane of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary serosa" RELATED [MA:0001634]
synonym: "serous coat of gallbladder" EXACT [FMA:14659]
synonym: "tunica serosa (vesica biliaris)" EXACT [FMA:14659]
xref: MA:0001634 ! gall bladder serosa
xref: FMA:14659 ! Serosa of gallbladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002110 ! part_of gallbladder
synonym: "tunica serosa vesicae biliaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14659]
xref: SCTID:362197006 ! Entire serosa of gallbladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004784
name: heart ventricle wall
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a cardiac ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anatomical wall of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart anatomical wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall of ventricle" RELATED [MA:0002791]
synonym: "ventricular wall" EXACT [FMA:13884]
xref: MA:0002791 ! heart ventricle wall
xref: FMA:13884 ! Wall of ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! anatomical wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! part_of cardiac ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004786 ! gastrointestinal system mucosa
name: gastrointestinal system mucosa
comment: The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. PMID:16417468
synonym: "gut mucosa" EXACT [BTO:0000546]
synonym: "mucosa of gut" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "gut mucuous membrane" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "digestive tract mucosa" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0006909 {source="BTO-modified"} ! lumen of gut
relationship: has_part CL:0002067 {source="PMID:16417468"} ! type A enterocrine cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000168 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7737", source="PMID:16417468"} ! insulin secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000172 {source="PMID:16417468"} ! somatostatin secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000696 {source="PMID:16417468"} ! PP cell
xref: SCTID:410433007 ! Structure of digestive system mucous membrane
xref: BTO:0000546 ! gut mucosa
xref: MA:0001521 ! gastrointestinal system mucosa
def: "A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004789
name: larynx mucous gland
def: "A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous gland of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001767 ! larynx mucous gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0000414 ! mucous gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! part_of larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001824 ! mucosa of larynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004790
name: skin mucous gland
comment: Editor notes; See comments for 'skin mucus'
synonym: "skin mucus gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous gland of entire skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous gland of skin of body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin of body mucous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000148 ! skin mucous gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0000414 ! mucous gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002097 ! part_of skin of body
subset: organ_slim
def: "A mucous gland that is part of a skin of body." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010152
name: skin mucus
comment: Editor notes: Consider making a specific class e.g. mucus coating to represent the entire coating rather than an portion of secretion of a mucus gland in the skin. Candidate definition - "The epidermal mucus of fish regulates swimming speed by controlling the hydrodynamic resistance of the skin surface. The mucus is also presumed to serve as a defence against pathogenic organisms and is intimately associated with osmoregulation." [BTO:0005082]
synonym: "epidermal mucus" RELATED  [BTO:0005082]
is_a: UBERON:0000456 {source="BTO"} ! bodily secretion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000414 {source="BTO"} ! mucous gland
xref: BTO:0005082 ! skin mucus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004791
name: thymus trabecula
def: "A trabecula that is part of a thymus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymus gland trabecula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula of thymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thymic trabecula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula of thymus gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002674 ! thymus trabecula
xref: ncithesaurus:Thymic_Trabecula ! Thymic Trabecula
intersection_of: UBERON:0000440 ! trabecula
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002370 ! part_of thymus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002370 {source="MA"} ! thymus
xref: UMLS:C1515431

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004792
name: secretion of endocrine pancreas
def: "A secretion that is part of a endocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars endocrina pancreatis secretion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endocrine pancreas secretion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secretion of pars endocrina pancreatis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pancreatic endocrine secretion" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion]
xref: MA:0002517 ! endocrine pancreas secretion
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Endocrine_Secretion ! Pancreatic Endocrine Secretion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000016 ! part_of endocrine pancreas
xref: UMLS:C1518866

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004793
name: secretion of exocrine pancreas
def: "A secretion that is part of a exocrine pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars exocrina pancreatis secretion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "exocrine pancreas secretion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secretion of pars exocrina pancreatis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pancreatic exocrine secretion" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion]
xref: MA:0002518 ! exocrine pancreas secretion
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Exocrine_Secretion ! Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000017 ! part_of exocrine pancreas
xref: UMLS:C1518867

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004794
name: esophagus secretion
def: "A secretion that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet secretion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus secretion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secretion of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secretion of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secretion of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophageal secretion" EXACT [FMA:79662]
xref: MA:0002514 ! esophagus secretion
xref: FMA:79662 ! esophageal secretion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! part_of esophagus
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophagus_Secretion ! Esophagus Secretion
xref: UMLS:C0227179

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004795
name: pancreas secretion
def: "A secretion that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secretion of pancreas" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pancreatic secretion" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002516 ! pancreas secretion
xref: ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Secretion ! Pancreatic Secretion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001264 ! part_of pancreas
xref: UMLS:C0030296

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004798
name: respiratory system basal lamina
def: "A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius basal lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius basal lamina of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of connective tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system basal lamina of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001816 ! respiratory system basal lamina
intersection_of: UBERON:0000482 ! basal lamina
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! part_of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004799
name: trachea basal lamina
def: "A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory airway [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of connective tissue of respiratory airway" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001855 ! trachea basal lamina
intersection_of: UBERON:0000482 ! basal lamina
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001005 ! part_of respiratory airway
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea_Basal_Lamina ! Trachea Basal Lamina
xref: UMLS:C1710454

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004800
name: bronchus basal lamina
def: "A basal lamina that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal lamina of connective tissue of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi basal lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi basal lamina of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk basal lamina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk basal lamina of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus basal lamina of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001833 ! bronchus basal lamina
intersection_of: UBERON:0000482 ! basal lamina
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! part_of bronchus
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Basal_Lamina ! Bronchus Basal Lamina
xref: UMLS:C1707050

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004803
name: penis epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of penis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of penis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "penis epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001742 ! penis epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! part_of penis
xref: EHDAA2:0004039 ! penis epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004804
name: oviduct epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label
synonym: "epithelial tissue of oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oviduct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:62016]
synonym: "epithelium of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001718 ! oviduct epithelium
xref: BTO:0002402 ! oviduct epithelium
xref: EMAPA:29043 ! epithelial layer of oviduct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000993 ! part_of oviduct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003889 ! fallopian tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007589
name: ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium
comment: in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label
xref: MA:0001719 ! ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium
xref: FMA:62016 ! epithelium of uterine tube
is_a: UBERON:0004804 {source="MA"} ! oviduct epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0007592 {source="FMA"} ! ciliated columnar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0007592 ! ciliated columnar epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000993 ! part_of oviduct
synonym: "uterine tube epithelium" EXACT [FMA:62016]
def: "A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007590
name: cuboidal oviduct epithelium
xref: MA:0001720 ! cuboidal oviduct epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0004804 {source="MA"} ! oviduct epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004805
name: seminal vesicle epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of seminal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of seminal vesicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of seminal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of seminal vesicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal gland epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal vesicle epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001745 ! seminal vesicle epithelium
xref: EMAPA:29771 ! epithelium of seminal vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000998 ! part_of seminal vesicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Seminal_Vesicle_Epithelium ! Seminal Vesicle Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1710049

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004806
name: vas deferens epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deferent duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deferent duct epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus deferens epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus deferens epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of deferent duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of ductus deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of sperm duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of vas deferen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of vas deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of deferent duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of ductus deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of sperm duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of vas deferen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of vas deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sperm duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sperm duct epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferen epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferen epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferens epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001749 ! vas deferens epithelium
xref: FMA:225317 ! Epithelium of deferent duct
xref: EMAPA:29274 ! epithelium of ductus deferens
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001000 ! part_of vas deferens
xref: ncithesaurus:Vas_Deferens_Epithelium ! Vas Deferens Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1710617

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004808
name: gastrointestinal system epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001520 ! gastrointestinal system epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004809
name: salivary gland epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a salivary gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of salivary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of salivary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "salivary gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001587 ! salivary gland epithelium
xref: BTO:0004421 ! salivary gland epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17753 ! epithelium of sublingual gland primordium
xref: EMAPA:17756 ! epithelium of submandibular gland primordium (also: UBERON:0006957 'submandibular gland primordium epithelium')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001044 ! part_of salivary gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004810
name: nephron tubule epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a nephron tubule [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of nephron tubule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of renal tubule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of tubulus renalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of nephron tubule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of renal tubule" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of tubulus renalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nephron tubule epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nephron tubule epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal tubule epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tubulus renalis epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tubulus renalis epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001681 ! renal tubule epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001231 ! part_of nephron tubule
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Tubule_Epithelium ! Renal Tubule Epithelium
synonym: "kidney tubule epithelium" EXACT [MA:0001681]
xref: UMLS:C1709902

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004814
name: upper respiratory tract epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of upper respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001912 ! upper respiratory tract epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001557 ! part_of upper respiratory tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004815
name: lower respiratory tract epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001481 ! lower respiratory tract epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001558 ! part_of lower respiratory tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004816
name: larynx epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngeal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "larynx epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001765 ! larynx epithelium
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Epithelium ! Laryngeal Epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001737 ! part_of larynx
xref: EHDAA2:0004065 ! laryngeal epithelium
xref: UMLS:C0751258

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004817
name: lacrimal gland epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lacrimal gland [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lacrimal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of lacrimal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal gland epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001297 ! lacrimal gland epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001817 ! lacrimal gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004818
name: terminal bronchus epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a terminal bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of terminal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of terminal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal bronchus epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001851 ! terminal bronchus epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002041 ! part_of terminal bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004819
name: kidney epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of kidney" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002846 ! kidney epithelium
xref: BTO:0000059 ! renal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! part_of kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004820
name: bile duct epithelium
def: "Epithelium of the gallbladder and the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts." [BTO:0001513]
comment: todo - check if BTO terms need merged
synonym: "bile duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary duct epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of biliary duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of biliary duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary epithelium" EXACT [BTO:0001513]
xref: MA:0001629 ! bile duct epithelium
xref: BTO:0000417 ! bile duct epithelium
xref: BTO:0001513 ! biliary epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002394 ! part_of bile duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Bile_Duct_Epithelium ! Bile Duct Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1711208

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004822
name: extrahepatic bile duct epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a extrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of extrahepatic bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of extrahepatic bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "extrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002661 ! extrahepatic bile duct epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003703 ! part_of extrahepatic bile duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Extrahepatic_Bile_Duct_Epithelium ! Extrahepatic Bile Duct Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1711347

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004823
name: intrahepatic bile duct epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a intrahepatic bile duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of intrahepatic bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of intrahepatic bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intrahepatic bile duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002662 ! intrahepatic bile duct epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003704 ! part_of intrahepatic bile duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Intrahepatic_Bile_Duct_Epithelium ! Intrahepatic Bile Duct Epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1708552

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004827
name: thyroid gland medulla
def: "A medulla that is part of a thyroid [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla of thyroid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla of thyroid follicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla of thyroid gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medulla of thyroid gland follicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thyroid follicle medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thyroid gland follicle medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thyroid medulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000132 ! thyroid gland medulla
intersection_of: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! part_of thyroid follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004829
name: urethra skeletal muscle
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethral skeletal muscle" RELATED [MA:0001690]
xref: MA:0001690 ! urethra skeletal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! part_of urethra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003829 ! urethra muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004830
name: respiratory system skeletal muscle
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001829 ! respiratory system skeletal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! part_of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004831
name: esophagus skeletal muscle
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001572 ! esophagus skeletal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! part_of esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003832 ! esophagus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004832
name: anal region skeletal muscle
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001530 ! anal region skeletal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004833
name: lip skeletal muscle
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lip skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001578 ! lip skeletal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001833 ! part_of lip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004834
name: hepatic duct smooth muscle
xref: MA:0001640 ! hepatic duct smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005171 ! hepatic duct
def: "A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hepatic duct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004835
name: epididymis smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymis involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymis non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymis smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymus smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of epididymis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of epididymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of epididymis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of epididymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of epididymis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of epididymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of epididymis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of epididymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001736 ! epididymis smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! part_of epididymis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001602
name: medial rectus
alt_id: UBERON:0004836
def: "The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). This muscle shares an origin with several other extrinsic eye muscles, the anulus tendineus, or common tendon. It is the largest of the extraocular muscles and its only action is adduction of the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_rectus_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes (from VHOG): "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.331 [VHOG:0001127]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "medial rectus extraocular muscle" EXACT [MA:0001281]
synonym: "medial rectus muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49037 ! Medial rectus
xref: TAO:0000301 ! medial rectus
xref: ZFA:0000301 ! medial rectus
xref: MA:0001281 ! medial rectus extraocular muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Medial_Rectus_Muscle ! Medial Rectus Muscle
xref: VHOG:0001127 ! medial rectus extraocular muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png
is_a: UBERON:0006533 {source="MA"} ! rectus extraocular muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
xref: SCTID:181151001 ! Entire medial rectus
synonym: "musculus rectus medialis bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_rectus_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001643 {source="dbpedia", notes="inferior division of the oculomotor nerve"} ! oculomotor nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png
property_value: homology_notes "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001127", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.331", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0582820

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001603
name: lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle
alt_id: UBERON:0004837
def: "The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye (abduction in this case) and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_rectus_muscle]
synonym: "lateral rectus extraocular muscle" EXACT [MA:0001280]
synonym: "lateral rectus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral rectus" EXACT [FMA:49038]
synonym: "musculus rectus lateralis" EXACT [AAO:0010107]
synonym: "M. rectus lateralis" EXACT []
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:49038 ! Lateral rectus
xref: TAO:0000383 ! lateral rectus
xref: ZFA:0000383 ! lateral rectus
xref: MA:0001280 ! lateral rectus extraocular muscle
xref: VHOG:0001129 ! lateral rectus extraocular muscle
xref: AAO:0010107 ! musculus rectus lateralis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png
is_a: UBERON:0006533 {source="MA"} ! rectus extraocular muscle
xref: SCTID:181152008 ! Entire lateral rectus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Rectus_Muscle ! Lateral Rectus Muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001646 {source="dbpedia"} ! abducens nerve
synonym: "musculus rectus lateralis bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_rectus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png
property_value: external_definition "Cranial nerve VI innervated; lateral in the rectus group.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010107", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: homology_notes "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001129", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.331", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0582821

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004848
name: respiratory system arterial endothelium
def: "An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arterial endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "artery endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of artery of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system artery endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system endothelium of artery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001801 ! respiratory system arterial endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001917 ! endothelium of artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! part_of respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003643 ! respiratory system arterial blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003469 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! respiratory system artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003504 {source="reference_0000032"} ! respiratory system blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004849
name: respiratory system venous endothelium
def: "An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of vein of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system endothelium of vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system vein endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "venous endothelium of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001811 ! respiratory system venous endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001919 ! endothelium of vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001004 ! part_of respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003476 ! respiratory system venous blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003504 {source="reference_0000032"} ! respiratory system blood vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004850
name: lymph node endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of a lymph node [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of lymph node" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000741 ! lymph node endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! part_of lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004851
name: aorta endothelium
def: "An endothelium that is part of an aorta [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endothelium of trunk of systemic arterial tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of systemic arterial tree endothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000701 ! aorta endothelium
xref: BTO:0000394 ! aorta endothelium
xref: EFO:0002597 ! aorta endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000947 ! part_of aorta
xref: ncithesaurus:Aorta_Endothelium ! Aorta Endothelium
xref: UMLS:C1706824

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004854
name: gastrointestinal system mesentery
def: "A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system mesentery" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesentery of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001900 ! gastrointestinal system mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system


[Term]
id: UBERON:0004857
name: skeletal muscle connective tissue
synonym: "connective tissue of skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "portion of connective tissue of skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue portion of connective tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue textus connectivus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus connectivus of skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle interstitial tissue" RELATED [MA:0002868]
synonym: "skeletal muscle interstitum" RELATED [MA:0002868]
xref: MA:0002868 ! skeletal muscle connective tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
def: "A connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle tissue." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004858
name: cellular cartilage
xref: MA:0000105 ! cellular cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
xref: SCTID:81997001 ! Cellular cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004859
name: eye gland
def: "A gland that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Example: harderian gland
synonym: "gland of eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000267 ! eye gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013645
name: gular gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011154 ! gular region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004863
name: thoracic sympathetic nerve trunk
def: "A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sympathetic nerve trunk of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax sympathetic nerve trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic sympathetic trunk" RELATED [FMA:6262]
xref: MA:0001165 ! thoracic sympathetic nerve trunk
xref: FMA:6262 ! Thoracic sympathetic trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0004295 ! sympathetic nerve trunk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! part_of thorax
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Sympathetic_Nerve_Trunk ! Thoracic Sympathetic Nerve Trunk
synonym: "thoracic part of sympathetic trunk" EXACT [FMA:6262]
synonym: "thoracic sympathetic chain" EXACT [FMA:6262]
xref: UMLS:C1710393

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003501
name: retina blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of retina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "retinal blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inner layer of eyeball blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001317 ! retina blood vessel
xref: GAID:509 ! retinal vessel
xref: MESH:A07.231.611 ! retinal vessel (also: UBERON:0004864 'vasculature of retina')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004864 ! vasculature of retina
xref: SCTID:280692003 ! Entire blood vessel of retina
xref: XAO:0004153 ! retinal blood vessel (also: UBERON:0004864 'vasculature of retina')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004864
name: vasculature of retina
def: "A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "retina vasculature of camera-type eye" EXACT [GO:0061298]
synonym: "retina vasculature" EXACT [GO:0061298]
synonym: "retinal vasculature" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of retinal blood vessels" EXACT [FMA:76552]
synonym: "set of blood vessels of retina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "retinal blood vessels" EXACT [FMA:76552]
synonym: "retinal blood vessels set" EXACT [FMA:76552]
xref: FMA:76552 ! Set of retinal blood vessels
xref: MESH:A07.231.611 ! retinal vessel (also: UBERON:0003501 'retina blood vessel')
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina
synonym: "vasa sanguinea retinae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76552]
xref: XAO:0004153 ! retinal blood vessel (also: UBERON:0003501 'retina blood vessel')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004869
name: parietal organ
namespace: uberon
def: "A part of the epithalamus present in some animal species. The eye may be photoreceptive and is usually associated with the pineal gland, regulating circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The parietal eye is a part of the epithalamus, which can be divided into two major parts; the epiphysis (the pineal organ, or pineal gland if mostly endocrine) and the parietal organ (often called the parietal eye, or third eye if it is photoreceptive). It arises as an anterior evagination of the pineal organ or as a separate outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon. In some species, it protrudes through the skull.[4] The parietal eye uses a different biochemical method of detecting light than rod cells or cone cells in a normal vertebrate eye[WP]." [Wikipedia:Parietal_eye]
synonym: "parietal eye" EXACT [Wikipedia:Parietal_eye]
synonym: "third eye" RELATED [Wikipedia:Parietal_eye]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001899 ! epithalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004889
name: lobar bronchus vasculature
def: "Vasculature that is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs" [LG:0012616]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004891
name: obsolete lobar bronchus bronchiole
is_obsolete: true
comment: This class was obsoleted as it was generated from an incorrect inference from EMAPA

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003538
name: right lung bronchiole
def: "A bronchiole that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiole of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lung lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001787 ! right lung bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Lung_Bronchiole ! Right Lung Bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: SCTID:200089000 ! Entire bronchiole of right lung
xref: UMLS:C0225670

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003539
name: left lung bronchiole
def: "A bronchiole that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiole of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lung lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001778 ! left lung bronchiole
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Lung_Bronchiole ! Left Lung Bronchiole
xref: EMAPA:19000 ! bronchiole of lobar bronchus of left lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
xref: SCTID:200484003 ! Entire bronchiole of left lung
xref: UMLS:C0225674

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012055
name: left lung lower lobe bronchiole
comment: Mouse has single left lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008953 ! lower lobe of left lung
xref: EHDAA2:0000947 ! left lung caudal lobe bronchiole
xref: SCTID:80548008 ! Entire bronchiole of left lower lobe
synonym: "left lung caudal lobe bronchiole" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000947]
synonym: "bronchiole of left lower lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole of left lower lobe" EXACT []
def: "A bronchiole that is part of a lower lobe of left lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012056
name: left lung upper lobe bronchiole
comment: Mouse has single left lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008952 ! upper lobe of left lung
synonym: "bronchiole of left cranial lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole of left upper lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole of left upper lobe" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000955 ! left lung cranial lobe bronchiole
xref: SCTID:72426004 ! Entire bronchiole of left upper lobe
synonym: "left lung cranial lobe bronchiole" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000955]
def: "A bronchiole that is part of a upper lobe of left lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005681
name: right lung upper lobe bronchiole
xref: EHDAA2:0001749 ! right lung cranial lobe bronchiole
xref: EMAPA:19006 ! bronchiole of cranial lobe
xref: SCTID:84841004 ! Entire bronchiole of right upper lobe
synonym: "right lung cranial lobe bronchiole" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001749]
synonym: "bronchiole of right upper lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole of right upper lobe" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002170 ! upper lobe of right lung
def: "A bronchiole that is part of a upper lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012068
name: right lung middle lobe bronchiole
xref: EMAPA:19008 ! bronchiole of lobar bronchus of middle lobe
xref: SCTID:69714005 ! Entire bronchiole of right middle lobe
synonym: "bronchiole of middle right lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole of right middle lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole of right middle lobe" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002174 ! middle lobe of right lung
def: "A bronchiole that is part of a middle lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012059
name: right lung lower lobe bronchiole
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005640 {source="EHDAA2"} ! right lung caudal lobe epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002171 ! lower lobe of right lung
xref: EHDAA2:0004094 ! right lung caudal lobe bronchiole
xref: EMAPA:19004 ! bronchiole of lobar bronchus of caudal lobe
xref: SCTID:15215000 ! Entire bronchiole of right lower lobe
synonym: "right lung caudal lobe bronchiole" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004094]
synonym: "bronchiole of right cranial lobe" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole of right lower lobe of lung" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchiole of right lower lobe" EXACT []
def: "A bronchiole that is part of a lower lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005682
name: right lung accessory lobe bronchiole
xref: EHDAA2:0001733 ! right lung accessory lobe bronchiole
xref: EMAPA:19002 ! bronchiole of lobar bronchus of accessory lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0002186 ! bronchiole
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004890 ! right lung accessory lobe
def: "A bronchiole that is part of a right lung accessory lobe." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004892
name: lobar bronchus alveolar system
def: "The lobar bronchus alveolar system is where molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous environment and the blood in the lobar bronchus" [LG:0012622]
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004893 ! interalveolar septum
name: interalveolar septum
def: "A the thin septum that separates adjacent pulmonary alveoli, containing connective tissue constituents of the respiratory tissue and the capillary network of the blood supply of the lung." [LG:0012625, Wikipedia:Alveolar_septum]
synonym: "alveolar septum" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "septal bone" RELATED [BTO:0003149]
synonym: "septum interalveolare" RELATED [BTO:0003149]
xref: MA:0000421 ! interalveolar septum
xref: BTO:0003149 ! interalveolar septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006524 ! alveolar system
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Septum ! Alveolar Septum
xref: UMLS:C1706784


[Term]
id: UBERON:0005314
name: alveolar primary septum
def: "A primary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that surrounds the saccule as it forms[GO]." [GO:0061143]
comment: TODO - check UBERON:0004893 interalveolar septum
is_a: UBERON:0000115 ! lung epithelium
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000116 ! lung saccule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005315
name: alveolar secondary septum
def: "A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule[GO]." [GO:0061144]
comment: TODO - check UBERON:0004893 interalveolar septum
is_a: UBERON:0000115 ! lung epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000116 ! lung saccule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004894
name: alveolar wall
def: "A wall that contains the alveoli" [LG:0012626]
synonym: "wall of pulmonary alveolus" EXACT [FMA:14117]
synonym: "pulmonary alveolar wall" EXACT [FMA:14117]
synonym: "pulmonary interalveolar septum" EXACT [FMA:14117]
xref: MA:0002568 ! alveolar wall
xref: FMA:14117 ! Wall of pulmonary alveolus
xref: BTO:0002543 ! alveolar wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! anatomical wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Wall ! Alveolar Wall
xref: SCTID:361965008 ! Entire alveolar wall
xref: UMLS:C0225695

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004895
name: alveolar smooth muscle
def: "Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus" [LG:0012628]
xref: MA:0002759 ! alveolar smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002299 ! alveolus of lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003404
name: lobar bronchus of right lung
def: "A lobar bronchus that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lung lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right lung secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus of right lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17664 ! lobar bronchus of right lung
xref: SCTID:245511004 ! Entire right lobar bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006518 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! right lung lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003405
name: lobar bronchus of left lung
def: "A lobar bronchus that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lung lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left lung secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus of left lung" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17656 ! lobar bronchus of left lung
xref: EMAPA:17388 ! lobar bronchus of left lung rudiment
xref: SCTID:245510003 ! Entire left lobar bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008951 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! left lung lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005244
alt_id: UBERON:0012060
name: lobar bronchus of right lung cranial lobe
def: "." [Wikipedia:Eparterial_bronchus]
synonym: "right upper lobar bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7397]
synonym: "right upper lobe bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7397]
synonym: "eparterial bronchus" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Eparterial_bronchus]
synonym: "lobar bronchus of cranial lobe" BROAD [EMAPA:17992]
synonym: "right superior lobar bronchus" EXACT [FMA:7397]
synonym: "right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001752]
xref: SCTID:181806003 ! Entire eparterial bronchus
xref: SCTID:361956001 ! Entire bronchus of right upper lobe
xref: FMA:7397 ! right superior lobar bronchus
xref: EMAPA:17992 ! lobar bronchus of cranial lobe
xref: VHOG:0000240 ! lobar bronchus of right lung cranial lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001752 ! right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002170 ! upper lobe of right lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004896
name: right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus
def: "The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus is the major airway within the right lung accessory lobe that starts at the division of the bronchus on the right side and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi" [LG:0012636]
synonym: "lobar bronchus of accessory lobe" BROAD [EMAPA:17982]
xref: VHOG:0000239 ! lobar bronchus of right lung accessory lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001736 ! right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus
xref: EMAPA:17982 ! lobar bronchus of accessory lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004890 ! right lung accessory lobe
synonym: "lobar bronchus of right lung accessory lobe" EXACT [VHOG:0000239]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005245
name: lobar bronchus of right lung caudal lobe
def: "A lobar bronchus that is part of a lower lobe of right lung [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus of caudal lobe" EXACT [EMAPA:17987]
xref: EMAPA:17987 ! lobar bronchus of caudal lobe
xref: VHOG:0000250 ! lobar bronchus of the right lung caudal lobe
xref: EHDAA2:0001744 ! right lung caudal lobe lobar bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002171 ! lower lobe of right lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012063
name: lobar bronchus of right lung middle lobe
synonym: "bronchus of right middle lobe" EXACT  [FMA:7401]
synonym: "middle lobe bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7401]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002174 ! middle lobe of right lung
xref: FMA:7401 ! middle lobar bronchus
synonym: "middle lobar bronchus" EXACT [FMA:7401]
def: "A lobar bronchus that is part of a middle lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012065
name: lobar bronchus of left lung upper lobe
synonym: "bronchus of left upper lobe" EXACT  [FMA:7423]
synonym: "left upper lobar bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7423]
synonym: "left upper lobe bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7423]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008952 ! upper lobe of left lung
xref: FMA:7423 ! left superior lobar bronchus
synonym: "left superior lobar bronchus" EXACT [FMA:7423]
def: "A lobar bronchus that is part of a upper lobe of left lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012066
name: lobar bronchus of left lung lower lobe
synonym: "bronchus of left lower lobe" EXACT  [FMA:7432]
synonym: "left lower lobar bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7432]
synonym: "left lower lobe bronchus" EXACT  [FMA:7432]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008953 ! lower lobe of left lung
xref: FMA:7432 ! left inferior lobar bronchus
xref: SCTID:361961004 ! Entire bronchus of left lower lobe
synonym: "left inferior lobar bronchus" EXACT [FMA:7432]
def: "A lobar bronchus that is part of a lower lobe of left lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006524
name: alveolar system
def: "System pertaining to a bronchus and alveoli." [BTO:0000136]
synonym: "bronchoalveolar system" RELATED [BTO:0000136]
synonym: "pulmonary alveolar system" EXACT [MP:0010899]
xref: MA:0000416 ! alveolar system
xref: EMAPA:19003 ! alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of accessory lobe
xref: EMAPA:19005 ! alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of caudal lobe
xref: EMAPA:19007 ! alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of cranial lobe
xref: EMAPA:19009 ! alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of middle lobe
xref: BTO:0000136 ! bronchoalveolar system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006525
name: left lung alveolar system
xref: MA:0001775 ! left lung alveolar system
xref: EMAPA:19001 ! alveolar system of bronchiole of lobar bronchus of left lung
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006524 ! alveolar system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006526
name: right lung alveolar system
xref: MA:0001784 ! right lung alveolar system
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006524 ! alveolar system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004897
name: right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme
def: "The right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung accessory lobe lobar bronchus" [LG:0012640]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003404 ! lobar bronchus of right lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004890 ! right lung accessory lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004898
name: obsolete right lung caudal lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004899
name: right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme
def: "The right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung cranial lobe lobar bronchus" [LG:0012659]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003404 ! lobar bronchus of right lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002170 ! upper lobe of right lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004900
name: right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme
def: "The right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung middle lobe lobar bronchus" [LG:0012672]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003404 ! lobar bronchus of right lung
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002174 ! right lung middle lobe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004901
name: right lung lobar bronchus mesenchyme
def: "The right lung lobar bronchus mesenchyme is a type of tissue made up of loosely-packed mesenchymal cells in the right lung lobar bronchus" [LG:0012681]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! lobar bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011289
name: pharyngobasilar fascia
def: "The pharyngeal aponeurosis (or pharyngobasilar fascia, or fibrous coat), is situated between the mucous and muscular layers. It is thick above where the muscular fibers are wanting, and is firmly connected to the basilar portion of the occipital and the petrous portions of the temporal bones. As it descends it diminishes in thickness, and is gradually lost. It is strengthened posteriorly by a strong fibrous band, which is attached above to the pharyngeal spine on the under surface of the basilar portion of the occipital bone, and passes downward, forming a median raphe, which gives attachment to the Constrictores pharyngis." [Wikipedia:Pharyngobasilar_fascia]
synonym: "pharyngeal aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pharyngobasilar_fascia]
synonym: "pharyngeal aponeurosis" EXACT  [FMA:55074]
is_a: UBERON:0006614 {source="FMA"} ! aponeurosis
intersection_of: UBERON:0006614 ! aponeurosis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! part_of pharynx
xref: FMA:55074 ! pharyngobasilar fascia
xref: SCTID:16675008 ! Pharyngobasilar fascia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004924
name: submucosa of pharynx
def: "The tissue underlying the tunica mucosa of the pharynx." [BTO:0002113]
synonym: "pharyngobasilar fascia" RELATED []
synonym: "submucous coat of pharynx" RELATED  [BTO:0002113]
synonym: "submucous layer of pharynx" RELATED  [BTO:0002113]
synonym: "pharynx submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharyngeal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:75144]
synonym: "tela submucosa pharyngis" EXACT LATIN [BTO:0002113]
xref: FMA:75144 ! Submucosa of pharynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! part_of pharynx
xref: SCTID:19594009 ! Pharyngeal submucosa
xref: BTO:0002113 ! tela submucosa pharyngis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004925
name: submucosa of laryngopharynx
def: "A submucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypopharynx submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngeal pharynx submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngopharynx submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of hypopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of laryngeal pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tela submucosa (pars laryngea pharyngis)" EXACT [FMA:55072]
xref: FMA:55072 ! Submucosa of laryngopharynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001051 ! part_of hypopharynx
xref: SCTID:47496006 ! Submucosa of hypopharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004926
name: submucosa of cystic duct
def: "A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cystic duct submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cystic ductal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:18013]
xref: FMA:18013 ! Submucosa of cystic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001152 ! part_of cystic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004927
name: submucosa of cecum
def: "A submucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cecum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestinum crassum caecum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of intestinum crassum caecum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14999 ! Submucosa of cecum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001153 ! part_of cecum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004928
name: submucosa of appendix
def: "A submucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "appendix submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecal appendix submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of caecal appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of vermiform appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of vermix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermiform appendix submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermix submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "appendiceal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:14992]
xref: FMA:14992 ! Submucosa of appendix
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001154 ! part_of appendix
xref: SCTID:86833001 ! Appendiceal submucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004929
name: submucosa of ascending colon
def: "A submucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ascending colon submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15006 ! Submucosa of ascending colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001156 ! part_of ascending colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004930
name: submucosa of transverse colon
def: "A submucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "transverse colon submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15013 ! Submucosa of transverse colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001157 ! part_of transverse colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004931
name: submucosa of descending colon
def: "A submucosa that is part of a descending colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "descending colon submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15020 ! Submucosa of descending colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001158 ! part_of descending colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004932
name: submucosa of sigmoid colon
def: "A submucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sigmoid colon submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15027 ! Submucosa of sigmoid colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001159 ! part_of sigmoid colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004933
name: submucosa of fundus of stomach
def: "A submucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus gastricus (ventricularis) submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus of stomach submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach fundus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of stomach fundus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17058 ! Submucosa of fundus of stomach
xref: EMAPA:27407 ! submucosa of fundus of stomach of gut
xref: EMAPA:27153 ! submucosa of fundus of stomach of foregut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001160 ! part_of fundus of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004934
name: submucosa of body of stomach
def: "A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "body of stomach submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "corpus gastricum (ventriculare) submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric body submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach body submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of gastric body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of stomach body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17059 ! Submucosa of body of stomach
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001161 ! part_of body of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004935
name: submucosa of cardia of stomach
def: "A submucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardia of stomach submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardial part of stomach submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric cardia submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars cardiaca (gaster) submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach cardiac region submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of cardial part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of gastric cardia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of stomach cardiac region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17457 ! Submucosa of cardia of stomach
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001162 ! part_of cardia of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004936
name: submucosa of pyloric antrum
def: "A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of stomach submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric antrum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric antrum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of antrum of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of stomach pyloric antrum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17060 ! Submucosa of pyloric antrum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001165 ! part_of pyloric antrum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004937
name: submucosa of pylorus
def: "A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pylorus submucosa" EXACT  [FMA:17462]
synonym: "pyloric submucosa" EXACT  []
synonym: "pyloric part of stomach submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pylorus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric region submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of pyloric part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of stomach pyloric region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17462 ! Submucosa of pylorus
xref: EMAPA:27201 ! submucosa of pyloric region of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27503 ! submucosa of pyloric region of stomach of gut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001166 ! part_of pylorus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004938
name: submucosa of biliary tree
def: "A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tract submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tree submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of biliary tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:18009 ! Submucosa of biliary tree
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001173 ! part_of biliary tree

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004939
name: submucosa of common bile duct
def: "A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common bile duct submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus choledochus (biliaris) submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common bile ductal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:18011]
xref: FMA:18011 ! Submucosa of common bile duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001174 ! part_of common bile duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004940
name: submucosa of common hepatic duct
def: "A submucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common hepatic duct submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hepatic duct submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common hepatic ductal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:18014]
xref: FMA:18014 ! Submucosa of common hepatic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001175 ! part_of common hepatic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004941
name: submucosa of right hepatic duct
def: "A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right hepatic duct submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right hepatic ductal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:18015]
xref: FMA:18015 ! Submucosa of right hepatic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001176 ! part_of right hepatic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004942
name: submucosa of left hepatic duct
def: "A submucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left hepatic duct submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left hepatic ductal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:18017]
xref: FMA:18017 ! Submucosa of left hepatic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001177 ! part_of left hepatic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004943
name: submucosa of urinary bladder
def: "The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder." [BTO:0002117]
synonym: "bladder submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucous layer of urinary bladder" RELATED  [BTO:0002117]
synonym: "tela submucosa vesicae urinariae" EXACT [BTO:0002117]
xref: FMA:15929 ! Submucosa of urinary bladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! part_of urinary bladder
synonym: "tela submucosa vesicae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15929]
xref: SCTID:88384001 ! Submucosa of urinary bladder
xref: BTO:0002117 ! tela submucosa vesicae urinariae
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001256 {source="reference_0000032"} ! wall of urinary bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011298
name: submucosa of uterine tube
def: "The submucous layer of the wall of the uterine tube." [BTO:0002116]
synonym: "submucous layer of uterine tube" RELATED  [BTO:0002116]
synonym: "uterine submucosa" RELATED  []
synonym: "tela submucosa tubae uterinae" EXACT LATIN [BTO:0002116]
synonym: "submucosa of fallopian tube" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003889 ! part_of fallopian tube
xref: BTO:0002116 ! tela submucosa tubae uterinae
xref: SCTID:245489008 ! Uterine submucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004944
name: submucosa of trigone of urinary bladder
def: "A submucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud ' s trigone submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17852 ! Submucosa of trigone of urinary bladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001257 ! part_of trigone of urinary bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004945
name: submucosa of neck of urinary bladder
def: "A submucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17851 ! Submucosa of neck of urinary bladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001258 ! part_of neck of urinary bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004946
name: submucosa of ileum
def: "A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ileum submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ileal submucosa" EXACT [FMA:14957]
xref: FMA:14957 ! Submucosa of ileum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002116 ! part_of ileum
xref: SCTID:65374006 ! Ileal submucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004947
name: submucosa of right main bronchus
def: "A submucosa that is part of a right main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right main bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right principal bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of right bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of right principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right main bronchial submucosa" EXACT [FMA:13139]
xref: FMA:13139 ! Submucosa of right main bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002177 ! part_of right main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004948
name: submucosa of left main bronchus
def: "A submucosa that is part of a left main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left main bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left principal bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of left bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of left principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left main bronchial submucosa" EXACT [FMA:13140]
xref: FMA:13140 ! Submucosa of left main bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002178 ! part_of left main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004949
name: submucosa of main bronchus
def: "A submucosa that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchial submucosa" EXACT [FMA:13118]
xref: FMA:13118 ! Submucosa of main bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! part_of main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004950
name: submucosa of lobar bronchus
def: "A submucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchial submucosa" EXACT [FMA:62669]
xref: FMA:62669 ! Submucosa of lobar bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! part_of lobar bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004951
name: submucosa of segmental bronchus
def: "A submucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segmental bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of tertiary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tertiary bronchus submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segmental bronchial submucosa" EXACT [FMA:62670]
xref: FMA:62670 ! Submucosa of segmental bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002184 ! part_of segmental bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004952
name: submucosa of bronchiole
def: "A submucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiole submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole submucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "submucosa of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62775 ! Submucosa of bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002186 ! part_of bronchiole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012651
name: mucosa of gastroduodenal junction
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0012650 ! gastroduodenal junction
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001199 ! mucosa of stomach
synonym: "gastroduodenal mucosa" EXACT [BTO:0005415]
xref: BTO:0005415 ! gastroduodenal mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004980
name: mucosa of ureter
def: "A mucosa that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ureter mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ureter mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ureter mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ureter organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosal layer of ureter" EXACT [FMA:15894]
synonym: "tunica mucosa (ureter)" EXACT [FMA:15894]
synonym: "ureteral mucosa" EXACT [FMA:15894]
synonym: "ureteric mucosa" EXACT [FMA:15894]
xref: FMA:15894 ! Mucosa of ureter
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056 ! part_of ureter
synonym: "tunica mucosa ureteris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15894]
xref: galen:MucousMembraneOfUreter
xref: SCTID:40476001 ! Mucous membrane of ureter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009916 {source="reference_0000032"} ! wall of ureter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004982
name: mucosa of epiglottis
def: "A mucosa that is part of a epiglottis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiglottis mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiglottis mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiglottis mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiglottis organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of epiglottis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of epiglottis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of epiglottis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:64015 ! Mucosa of epiglottis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000388 ! part_of epiglottis
xref: SCTID:156751001 ! Entire mucous membrane of epiglottis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004983
name: mucosa of vagina
def: "A mucosa that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vaginal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:19975]
xref: FMA:19975 ! Mucosa of vagina
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! part_of vagina
synonym: "tunica mucosa vaginae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19975]
xref: SCTID:362245006 ! Entire vaginal mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004984
name: mucosa of seminal vesicle
def: "A mucosa that is part of a seminal vesicle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of seminal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of seminal vesicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of seminal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of seminal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of seminal vesicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of seminal gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of seminal vesicle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal gland mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal gland mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal gland mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal gland organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal vesicle mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal vesicle mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal vesicle mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "seminal vesicle organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:19405 ! Mucosa of seminal vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000998 ! part_of seminal vesicle
synonym: "tunica mucosa glandulae vesiculosae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19405]
xref: SCTID:252260007 ! Entire mucosa of seminal vesicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004985
name: mucosa of ejaculatory duct
def: "A mucosa that is part of a ejaculatory duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ejaculatory duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ejaculatory duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ejaculatory duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ejaculatory duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of ejaculatory duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of ejaculatory duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of ejaculatory duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ejaculatory ductal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:19373]
xref: FMA:19373 ! Mucosa of ejaculatory duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000999 ! part_of ejaculatory duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004986
name: mucosa of deferent duct
def: "A mucosa that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deferent duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deferent duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deferent duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deferent duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus deferens mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus deferens mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus deferens mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus deferens organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of ductus deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of deferent duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of ductus deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of sperm duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of vas deferen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of vas deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of sperm duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of vas deferen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of vas deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of deferent duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of ductus deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of sperm duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of vas deferen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of vas deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of deferent duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of ductus deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of sperm duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of vas deferen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of vas deferens" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sperm duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sperm duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sperm duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sperm duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferen mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferen mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferen mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferen organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferens mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferens mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferens mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vas deferens organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deferent ductal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:19240]
synonym: "tunica mucosa (ductus deferens)" EXACT [FMA:19240]
xref: FMA:19240 ! Mucosa of deferent duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001000 ! part_of vas deferens
synonym: "tunica mucosa ductus deferentis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19240]
xref: SCTID:299626000 ! Entire mucosa of vas deferens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004987
name: mucosa of laryngopharynx
def: "A mucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypopharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypopharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypopharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hypopharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngeal pharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngeal pharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngeal pharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngeal pharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngopharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngopharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngopharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngopharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of hypopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of laryngeal pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of hypopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of laryngeal pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of laryngopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of hypopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of laryngeal pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of laryngopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of hypopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of laryngeal pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of laryngopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:55030 ! Mucosa of laryngopharynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001051 ! part_of hypopharynx
xref: SCTID:362126008 ! Entire mucous membrane of hypopharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004988
name: mucosa of cystic duct
def: "A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cystic duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cystic duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cystic duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cystic duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of cystic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of cystic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of cystic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cystic ductal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14690]
xref: FMA:14690 ! Mucosa of cystic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001152 ! part_of cystic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004989
name: mucosa of appendix
def: "A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "appendix mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "appendix mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "appendix mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "appendix organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecal appendix mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecal appendix mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecal appendix mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caecal appendix organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of caecal appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of caecal appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of vermiform appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of vermix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of vermiform appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of vermix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of caecal appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of vermiform appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of vermix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of caecal appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of vermiform appendix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of vermix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermiform appendix mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermiform appendix mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermiform appendix mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermiform appendix organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermix mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermix mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermix mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vermix organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "appendiceal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:14991]
xref: FMA:14991 ! Mucosa of appendix
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001154 ! part_of appendix
xref: SCTID:362155000 ! Entire appendiceal mucous membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004990
name: mucosa of ascending colon
def: "A mucosa that is part of an ascending colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ascending colon mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ascending colon mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ascending colon mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ascending colon organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of ascending colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of ascending colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of ascending colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15005 ! Mucosa of ascending colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001156 ! part_of ascending colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004991
name: mucosa of transverse colon
def: "A mucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of transverse colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of transverse colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of transverse colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "transverse colon mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "transverse colon mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "transverse colon mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "transverse colon organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15012 ! Mucosa of transverse colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001157 ! part_of transverse colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004992
name: mucosa of descending colon
def: "A mucosa that is part of a descending colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "descending colon mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "descending colon mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "descending colon mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "descending colon organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of descending colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of descending colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of descending colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15019 ! Mucosa of descending colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001158 ! part_of descending colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004993
name: mucosa of sigmoid colon
def: "A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of sigmoid colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of sigmoid colon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sigmoid colon mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sigmoid colon mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sigmoid colon mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sigmoid colon organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:15026 ! Mucosa of sigmoid colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001159 ! part_of sigmoid colon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004994
name: mucosa of fundus of stomach
def: "A mucosa that is part of a fundus of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus gastricus (ventricularis) organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus of stomach mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus of stomach mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus of stomach mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fundus of stomach organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of fundus of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of stomach fundus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of stomach fundus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of fundus of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of stomach fundus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of fundus of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of stomach fundus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach fundus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach fundus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach fundus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach fundus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17053 ! Mucosa of fundus of stomach
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001160 ! part_of fundus of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004995
name: mucosa of body of stomach
def: "A mucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "body of stomach mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "body of stomach mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "body of stomach mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "body of stomach organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "corpus gastricum (ventriculare) mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "corpus gastricum (ventriculare) organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric body mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric body mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric body mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric body organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of gastric body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of body of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of corpus gastricum (ventriculare)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of gastric body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of stomach body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of stomach body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of body of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of corpus gastricum (ventriculare)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of gastric body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of stomach body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of body of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of corpus gastricum (ventriculare)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of gastric body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of stomach body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach body mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach body mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach body mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach body organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17054 ! Mucosa of body of stomach
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001161 ! part_of body of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004996
name: mucosa of cardia of stomach
def: "A mucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardia of stomach mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardia of stomach mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardia of stomach mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardia of stomach organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardial part of stomach mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardial part of stomach mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardial part of stomach mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardial part of stomach organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric cardia mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric cardia mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric cardia mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric cardia organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of cardial part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of gastric cardia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of cardia of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of cardial part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of gastric cardia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of pars cardiaca (gaster)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of stomach cardiac region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of stomach cardiac region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of cardia of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of cardial part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of gastric cardia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of pars cardiaca (gaster)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of stomach cardiac region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of cardia of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of cardial part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of gastric cardia" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of pars cardiaca (gaster)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of stomach cardiac region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars cardiaca (gaster) mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars cardiaca (gaster) mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars cardiaca (gaster) organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach cardiac region mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach cardiac region mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach cardiac region mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach cardiac region organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17456 ! Mucosa of cardia of stomach
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001162 ! part_of cardia of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004997
name: mucosa of pyloric antrum
def: "A mucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of stomach mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of stomach mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of stomach mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of stomach organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of antrum of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of antrum of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of pyloric antrum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric antrum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of antrum of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of pyloric antrum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of stomach pyloric antrum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of antrum of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of pyloric antrum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of stomach pyloric antrum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric antrum mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric antrum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric antrum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric antrum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric antrum mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric antrum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric antrum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric antrum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17055 ! Mucosa of pyloric antrum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001165 ! part_of pyloric antrum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004998
name: mucosa of pylorus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of pylorus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of pyloric part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of stomach pyloric region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of pylorus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of pylorus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric part of stomach mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pylorus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pylorus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pylorus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pylorus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric region mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric region mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach pyloric region organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antropyloric mucosa" RELATED [BTO:0002984]
xref: FMA:17461 ! Mucosa of pylorus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001166 ! part_of pylorus
xref: BTO:0002984 ! antropyloric mucosa
xref: EMAPA:27199 ! mucosa of pyloric region of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:27499 ! mucosa of pyloric region of stomach of gut

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004999
name: mucosa of biliary tree
def: "A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tract mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tract mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tract mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tract organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tree mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tree mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tree mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary tree organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of biliary tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of biliary tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of biliary tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of biliary tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of biliary tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of biliary tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of biliary tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:14695 ! Mucosa of biliary tree
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001173 ! part_of biliary tree

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005000
name: mucosa of common bile duct
def: "A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common bile duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common bile duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common bile duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common bile duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus choledochus (biliaris) mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ductus choledochus (biliaris) organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of common bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of ductus choledochus (biliaris)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of common bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of ductus choledochus (biliaris)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of common bile duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of ductus choledochus (biliaris)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common bile ductal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14688]
xref: FMA:14688 ! Mucosa of common bile duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001174 ! part_of common bile duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005001
name: mucosa of common hepatic duct
def: "A mucosa that is part of a common hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common hepatic duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common hepatic duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common hepatic duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common hepatic duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hepatic duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hepatic duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hepatic duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hepatic duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of common hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of common hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of common hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "common hepatic ductal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14691]
xref: FMA:14691 ! Mucosa of common hepatic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001175 ! part_of common hepatic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005002
name: mucosa of right hepatic duct
def: "A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of right hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of right hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of right hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right hepatic duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right hepatic duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right hepatic duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right hepatic duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right hepatic ductal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14692]
xref: FMA:14692 ! Mucosa of right hepatic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001176 ! part_of right hepatic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005003
name: mucosa of left hepatic duct
def: "A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left hepatic duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left hepatic duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left hepatic duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left hepatic duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of left hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of left hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of left hepatic duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left hepatic ductal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:14693]
xref: FMA:14693 ! Mucosa of left hepatic duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001177 ! part_of left hepatic duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005004
name: mucosa of right ureter
def: "A mucosa that is part of a right ureter [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of right ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of right ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of right ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right ureter mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right ureter mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right ureter mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right ureter organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right ureteral mucosa" EXACT [FMA:17806]
xref: FMA:17806 ! Mucosa of right ureter
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001222 ! part_of right ureter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005005
name: mucosa of left ureter
def: "A mucosa that is part of a left ureter [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left ureter mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left ureter mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left ureter mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left ureter organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of left ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of left ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of left ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left ureteral mucosa" EXACT [FMA:17807]
xref: FMA:17807 ! Mucosa of left ureter
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001223 ! part_of left ureter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005006
name: mucosa of renal pelvis
def: "A mucosa that is part of a renal pelvis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvic mucosa" EXACT [FMA:17931]
xref: FMA:17931 ! Mucosa of renal pelvis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001224 ! part_of renal pelvis
synonym: "tunica mucosa pelvis renalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:17931]
xref: SCTID:243482002 ! Entire mucous membrane of renal pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005007
name: mucosa of major calyx
def: "A mucosa that is part of a major calyx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "major calix mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "major calix mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "major calix mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "major calix organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "major calyx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "major calyx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "major calyx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "major calyx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of major calix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of major calix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of major calyx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of major calix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of major calyx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of major calix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of major calyx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17934 ! Mucosa of major calyx
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001226 ! part_of major calyx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005008
name: mucosa of minor calyx
def: "A mucosa that is part of a minor calyx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "minor calix mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "minor calix mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "minor calix mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "minor calix organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "minor calyx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "minor calyx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "minor calyx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "minor calyx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of minor calix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of minor calix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of minor calyx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of minor calix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of minor calyx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of minor calix" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of minor calyx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17937 ! Mucosa of minor calyx
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001227 ! part_of minor calyx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005009
name: mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder
def: "A mucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud ' s trigone mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud ' s trigone organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of Lieutaud ' s trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of Lieutaud ' s trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17847 ! Mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001257 ! part_of trigone of urinary bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005010
name: mucosa of neck of urinary bladder
def: "A mucosa that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:17846 ! Mucosa of neck of urinary bladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001258 ! part_of neck of urinary bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005011
name: mucosa of right uterine tube
def: "A mucosa that is part of a right uterine tube [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of right fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of right oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of right uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of right fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of right oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of right fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of right oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of right uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of right fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of right oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of right uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right fallopian tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right fallopian tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right fallopian tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right fallopian tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right oviduct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right oviduct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right oviduct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right oviduct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right uterine tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right uterine tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right uterine tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right uterine tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:18452 ! Mucosa of right uterine tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001302 ! part_of right uterine tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005012
name: mucosa of left uterine tube
def: "A mucosa that is part of a left uterine tube [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left fallopian tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left fallopian tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left fallopian tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left fallopian tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left oviduct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left oviduct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left oviduct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left oviduct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left uterine tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left uterine tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left uterine tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left uterine tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of left fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of left oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of left fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of left oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of left uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of left fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of left oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of left uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of left fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of left oviduct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of left uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:18453 ! Mucosa of left uterine tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001303 ! part_of left uterine tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005013
name: mucosa of male urethra
def: "A mucosa that is part of a male urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male urethra mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male urethra mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male urethra mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "male urethra organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of male urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of male urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of male urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:239937 ! Mucosa of male urethra
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001333 ! part_of male urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005014
name: mucosa of female urethra
def: "A mucosa that is part of a female urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female urethra mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female urethra mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female urethra mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "female urethra organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of female urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of female urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of female urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:239940 ! Mucosa of female urethra
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001334 ! part_of female urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005015
name: mucosa of prostatic urethra
def: "A mucosa that is part of a prostatic urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of prostatic part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of prostatic urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of prostatic part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of prostatic part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of prostatic urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of prostatic part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of prostatic urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic part of urethra mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic part of urethra mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic part of urethra mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic part of urethra organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic urethra mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic urethra mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic urethra mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic urethra organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostatic urethral mucosa" EXACT [FMA:77079]
xref: FMA:77079 ! Mucosa of prostatic urethra
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001335 ! part_of prostatic urethra
synonym: "tunica mucosa urethrae prosticae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77079]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005016
name: mucosa of intermediate urethra
def: "A mucosa that is part of a membranous urethra [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate part of urethra mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate part of urethra mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate part of urethra mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate part of urethra organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate urethra mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate urethra mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate urethra mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate urethra organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous part of urethra mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous part of urethra mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous part of urethra mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous part of urethra organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous urethra mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous urethra mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous urethra mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "membranous urethra organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of intermediate part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of membranous part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of membranous urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of intermediate part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of intermediate urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of membranous part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of membranous urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of pars membranacea (urethrae)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of pars membranacea (urethrae)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of intermediate part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of intermediate urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of membranous part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of membranous urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of pars membranacea (urethrae)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of intermediate part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of intermediate urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of membranous part of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of membranous urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of pars membranacea (urethrae)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars membranacea (urethrae) mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars membranacea (urethrae) mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars membranacea (urethrae) mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pars membranacea (urethrae) organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate urethral mucosa" EXACT [FMA:77085]
xref: FMA:77085 ! Mucosa of intermediate urethra
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001336 ! part_of membranous urethra
xref: galen:MucousMembraneOfUrethra
xref: SCTID:362229009 ! Entire mucous membrane of urethra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005017
name: mucosa of lacrimal sac
def: "A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal sac [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal sac mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal sac mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal sac mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal sac organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of lacrimal sac" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of lacrimal sac" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of lacrimal sac" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72061 ! Mucosa of lacrimal sac
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001351 ! part_of lacrimal sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005018
name: mucosa of nasal septum
def: "A mucosa that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of nasal septum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of nasal septum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal septum mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal septum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal septum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal septum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of nasal septum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:60113 ! Mucosa of nasal septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001706 ! part_of nasal septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005019
name: mucosa of palate
def: "A mucosa that is part of a palate [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of oral roof" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of oral roof" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of roof of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of roof of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of oral roof" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of roof of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral roof mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral roof mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral roof mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral roof organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of oral roof" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of roof of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palate mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palate mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palate mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palate organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof of mouth mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof of mouth mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof of mouth mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof of mouth organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59765 ! Mucosa of palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! part_of secondary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005020
name: mucosa of tongue
def: "A mucosa that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of tongue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of tongue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of tongue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lingual mucosa" EXACT [FMA:54807]
xref: FMA:54807 ! Mucosa of tongue
xref: EFO:0002553 ! tongue mucosa
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! part_of tongue
synonym: "tunica mucosa linguae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:54807]
xref: SCTID:362092002 ! Entire mucous membrane of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010052
name: mucosa of dorsum of tongue
comment: Editor notes: check surface terms. Development notes: develops fungiform papillae by WNT induction at 11 weeks pc in human. Filiform papillae develop later. ISBN10:1607950324
synonym: "mucosa of dorsal surface of tongue" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009471 ! dorsum of tongue
xref: FMA:74871 ! mucosa of dorsum of tongue
xref: SCTID:245835003 ! Mucosa of dorsal surface of tongue
def: "A mucosa that is part of a dorsum of tongue." [OBOL:automatic]


[Term]
id: UBERON:0005021
name: mucosa of sphenoidal sinus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a sphenoidal sinus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editor note: decide whether cavities can be part of mucosae
synonym: "mucosa of organ of sphenoid sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of sphenoidal sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of sphenoid sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of sphenoid sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of sphenoidal sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of sphenoid sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of sphenoidal sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sphenoid sinus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sphenoid sinus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sphenoid sinus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sphenoid sinus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sphenoidal sinus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sphenoidal sinus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sphenoidal sinus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sphenoidal sinus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59775 ! Mucosa of sphenoidal sinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001724 ! sphenoidal sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
xref: SCTID:43774000 ! Entire mucous membrane of sphenoid sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005022
name: mucosa of nasopharynx
def: "A mucosa that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of nasopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of nasopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasal part of pharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasopharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasopharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasopharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasopharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of nasal part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of nasopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of rhinopharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "rhinopharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:54971 ! Mucosa of nasopharynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001728 ! part_of nasopharynx
xref: SCTID:361938001 ! Entire mucous membrane of nasopharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005023
name: mucosa of oropharynx
def: "A mucosa that is part of a oropharynx [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of oral part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of oral part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of oropharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of oral part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of oropharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of pharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of pharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of pharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral part of pharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of oral part of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of oropharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oropharynx mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oropharynx mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oropharynx mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oropharynx organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:54933 ! Mucosa of oropharynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001729 ! part_of oropharynx
xref: SCTID:144632009 ! Entire mucous membrane of oropharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005024
name: mucosa of soft palate
def: "A mucosa that is part of a soft palate [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of soft palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of soft palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of soft palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59784 ! Mucosa of soft palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! part_of soft palate
xref: SCTID:245842003 ! Mucosa of soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005025
name: mucosa of uvula
def: "A mucosa that is part of a uvula [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule IX mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule IX mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule IX mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule IX organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of cerebellum lobule IX" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of cerebellum lobule IX" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of uvula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of uvula of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of uvula of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of cerebellum lobule IX" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of uvula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of uvula of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of cerebellum lobule IX" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of uvula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of uvula of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula of palate mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula of palate mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula of palate mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula of palate organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:60030 ! Mucosa of uvula
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001734 ! part_of uvula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005026
name: mucosa of middle ear
def: "A mucosa that is part of a middle ear [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle ear organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of middle ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of tympanic cavity" EXACT [FMA:59663]
xref: FMA:59663 ! Mucosa of middle ear
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! part_of middle ear
synonym: "tunica mucosa cavitatis tympanicae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:59663]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005027
name: mucosa of frontal sinus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a frontal sinus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "frontal sinus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "frontal sinus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "frontal sinus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "frontal sinus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of frontal sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of frontal sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of frontal sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59774 ! Mucosa of frontal sinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001760 ! part_of frontal sinus
xref: SCTID:368909005 ! Entire mucous membrane of frontal sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005028
name: mucosa of maxillary sinus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a maxillary sinus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of highmore mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of highmore mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of highmore mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antrum of highmore organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "maxillary sinus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "maxillary sinus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "maxillary sinus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "maxillary sinus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of antrum of highmore" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of antrum of highmore" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of maxillary sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of antrum of highmore" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of maxillary sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of antrum of highmore" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of maxillary sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59773 ! Mucosa of maxillary sinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001764 ! part_of maxillary sinus
xref: SCTID:368908002 ! Entire mucous membrane of maxillary sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005029
name: mucosa of lacrimal canaliculus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a lacrimal canaliculus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal canaliculus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal canaliculus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal canaliculus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal canaliculus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of lacrimal canaliculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of lacrimal canaliculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of lacrimal canaliculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lacrimal canalicular mucosa" EXACT [FMA:85366]
xref: FMA:85366 ! Mucosa of lacrimal canaliculus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001770 ! part_of lacrimal canaliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005030
name: mucosa of paranasal sinus
synonym: "paranasal sinus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59772 ! Mucosa of paranasal sinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001825 ! part_of paranasal sinus
def: "A mucosa that adjacent_to a paranasal sinus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005031
name: mucosa of upper lip
def: "A mucosa that is part of a upper lip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of upper lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of upper lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of upper lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper lip mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper lip mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper lip mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper lip organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59832 ! Mucosa of upper lip
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001834 ! part_of upper lip
xref: ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Upper_Lip ! Mucosa of the Upper Lip
xref: SCTID:362088009 ! Entire mucous membrane of upper lip
xref: UMLS:C0226933

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005032
name: mucosa of lower lip
def: "A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower lip mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower lip mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower lip mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower lip organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of lower lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of lower lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of lower lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59833 ! Mucosa of lower lip
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001835 ! part_of lower lip
xref: ncithesaurus:Mucosa_of_the_Lower_Lip ! Mucosa of the Lower Lip
xref: SCTID:362089001 ! Entire mucous membrane of lower lip
xref: UMLS:C0226939

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005033
name: mucosa of gallbladder
def: "A mucosa that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica mucosa (vesica biliaris)" EXACT [FMA:14662]
xref: FMA:14662 ! Mucosa of gallbladder
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002110 ! part_of gallbladder
synonym: "tunica mucosa vesicae biliaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:14662]
xref: SCTID:362196002 ! Entire mucosa of gallbladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005034
name: mucosa of right main bronchus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a right main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of right bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of right main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of right principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of right bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of right principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of right bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of right main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of right principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of right bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of right main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of right principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right main bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right main bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right main bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right main bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right principal bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right principal bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right principal bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right principal bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right main bronchial mucosa" EXACT [FMA:13137]
xref: FMA:13137 ! Mucosa of right main bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002177 ! part_of right main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005035
name: mucosa of left main bronchus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a left main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left main bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left main bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left main bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left main bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left principal bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left principal bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left principal bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left principal bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of left bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of left principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of left bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of left main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of left principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of left bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of left main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of left principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of left bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of left main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of left principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left main bronchial mucosa" EXACT [FMA:13138]
xref: FMA:13138 ! Mucosa of left main bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002178 ! part_of left main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005036
name: mucosa of main bronchus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchial mucosa" EXACT [FMA:13115]
xref: FMA:13115 ! Mucosa of main bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! part_of main bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005037
name: mucosa of lobar bronchus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of lobar bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of secondary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "secondary bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobar bronchial mucosa" EXACT [FMA:62668]
xref: FMA:62668 ! Mucosa of lobar bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002183 ! part_of lobar bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005038
name: mucosa of segmental bronchus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of segmental bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of tertiary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of tertiary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of segmental bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of tertiary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of segmental bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of tertiary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segmental bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segmental bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segmental bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segmental bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tertiary bronchus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tertiary bronchus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tertiary bronchus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tertiary bronchus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "segmental bronchial mucosa" EXACT [FMA:62666]
xref: FMA:62666 ! Mucosa of segmental bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002184 ! part_of segmental bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005039
name: mucosa of bronchiole
def: "A mucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiole mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiole mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiole mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiole organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobular bronchiole organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:263230 ! Mucosa of lobular bronchiole
xref: FMA:62774 ! Mucosa of bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002186 ! part_of bronchiole
xref: SCTID:10887006 ! Mucous membrane of bronchiole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005040
name: mucosa of terminal bronchiole
def: "A mucosa that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus terminalis organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of terminal bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of terminal bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bronchiolus terminalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of terminal bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal bronchiole mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal bronchiole mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal bronchiole mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal bronchiole organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:263232 ! Mucosa of terminal bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002187 ! part_of terminal bronchiole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005041
name: mucosa of respiratory bronchiole
def: "A mucosa that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchiolus respiratorius organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of respiratory bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of respiratory bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of bronchiolus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of respiratory bronchiole" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory bronchiole mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory bronchiole mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory bronchiole mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory bronchiole organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:263238 ! Mucosa of respiratory bronchiole
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002188 ! part_of respiratory bronchiole


[Term]
id: UBERON:0005043
name: mucosa of nasolacrimal duct
def: "A mucosa that is part of a nasolacrimal duct [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of nasolacrimal duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasolacrimal duct mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasolacrimal duct mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasolacrimal duct mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasolacrimal duct organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of nasolacrimal duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "nasolacrimal ductal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:59664]
xref: FMA:59664 ! Mucosa of nasolacrimal duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002392 ! part_of nasolacrimal duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005044
name: mucosa of pharyngotympanic tube
def: "A mucosa that is part of a pharyngotympanic tube [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auditory tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auditory tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auditory tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auditory tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "internal auditory tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "internal auditory tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "internal auditory tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "internal auditory tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of auditory tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of internal auditory tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of auditory tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of internal auditory tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of pharyngotympanic tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of auditory tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of internal auditory tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of pharyngotympanic tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of auditory tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of internal auditory tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of pharyngotympanic tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharyngotympanic tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharyngotympanic tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharyngotympanic tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharyngotympanic tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucuous membrane of eustachian tube" EXACT [FMA:60109]
synonym: "mucuous membrane of pharyngotympanic tube" EXACT [FMA:60109]
synonym: "tunica mucosa (tuba auditiva)" EXACT [FMA:60109]
synonym: "tunica mucosa (tuba auditoria)" EXACT [FMA:60109]
xref: FMA:60109 ! Mucosa of pharyngotympanic tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002393 ! part_of pharyngotympanic tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005045
name: mucosa of ethmoidal sinus
def: "A mucosa that is part of a ethmoid sinus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ethmoid sinus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ethmoid sinus mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ethmoid sinus mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ethmoid sinus organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of ethmoid sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of ethmoid sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of ethmoid sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of ethmoid sinus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ethmoidal sinus mucosa" EXACT [FMA:59776]
xref: FMA:59776 ! Mucosa of ethmoidal sinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002453 ! part_of ethmoid sinus
xref: SCTID:65501003 ! Entire mucous membrane of ethmoid sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005047
name: mucosa of vocal fold
def: "A mucosa that is part of a vocal cord [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of true vocal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of vocal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of true vocal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of vocal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of true vocal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of vocal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of true vocal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of vocal cord" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "true vocal cord mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "true vocal cord mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "true vocal cord mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "true vocal cord organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vocal cord mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vocal cord mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vocal cord mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vocal cord organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of glottis" EXACT [FMA:64017]
synonym: "vocal fold mucosa" EXACT [FMA:64017]
xref: FMA:64017 ! Mucosa of vocal fold
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003706 ! part_of vocal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005048
name: mucosa of uterine tube
def: "A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of uterine tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine tube mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine tube mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine tube mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine tube organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of oviduct" EXACT [FMA:18319]
synonym: "uterine tubal mucosa" EXACT [FMA:18319]
xref: FMA:18319 ! Mucosa of uterine tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003889 ! part_of fallopian tube
synonym: "tunica mucosa tubae uterinae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:18319]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005049
name: mucosa of infundibulum of uterine tube
def: "A mucosa that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of uterine tube infundibulum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of uterine tube infundibulum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of uterine tube infundibulum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine tube infundibulum mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine tube infundibulum mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine tube infundibulum mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uterine tube infundibulum organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube" EXACT [FMA:18357]
synonym: "mucosa of infundibulum of oviduct" EXACT [FMA:18357]
xref: FMA:18357 ! Mucosa of infundibulum of uterine tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003984 ! part_of uterine tube infundibulum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005057
name: immune organ
def: "An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002405 ! immune system
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005058
name: hemolymphoid system gland
def: "A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hemopoietic or lymphoid organ" BROAD [GO:0048534]
synonym: "hemopoietic or lymphoid gland" EXACT [GOC:cjm]
xref: MA:0002962 ! hemolymphoid system gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002193 ! hemolymphoid system
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005063
name: left ventricular compact myocardium
def: "." [GO:0003224]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004127 ! compact layer of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! left ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003382 {source="GO"} ! cardiac muscle of left ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006566 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! left ventricle myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005064
name: left ventricular trabecular myocardium
def: "." [GO:0003225]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004126 ! trabecular layer of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! left ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003382 {source="GO"} ! cardiac muscle of left ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005065
name: right ventricular compact myocardium
def: "." [GO:0003226]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004127 ! compact layer of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003381 {source="GO"} ! cardiac muscle of right ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006567 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! right ventricle myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005066
name: right ventricular trabecular myocardium
def: "." [GO:0003227]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004126 ! trabecular layer of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003381 {source="GO"} ! cardiac muscle of right ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005067
name: amphid sensory organ
def: "Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes[GO]." [GO:0003386]
synonym: "amphid sensillum" EXACT []
xref: WBbt:0005391 ! amphid sensillum
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6231 ! Nematoda
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005069
name: neural fold hinge point
def: "The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube[GO]." [GO:0021504]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005077 ! neuropore
name: neuropore
def: "Joined neural folds at either end of the neural tube.[GO]." [GO:0021995]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
xref: SCTID:360408007 ! Neuropore

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005070
name: anterior neuropore
def: "The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete[GO]." [GO:0021506]
comment: GO def of anterior neuropore closure is: The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube
synonym: "rostral neuropore" EXACT [EMAPA:16523]
synonym: "cranial neuropore" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "cephalic neuropore" EXACT [SCTID:361478000]
xref: EMAPA:16523 ! rostral neuropore
xref: VHOG:0000768 ! rostral neuropore
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001768 ! rostral neuropore
is_a: UBERON:0005077 ! neuropore
xref: SCTID:361478000 ! Cephalic neuropore
xref: EHDAA2:0004203 ! rostral neuropore
property_value: external_definition "Anterior site of neural tube closure. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.378, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000768", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005071
name: posterior neuropore
def: "The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete[GO]." [GO:0021507]
synonym: "caudal neuropore" EXACT [EMAPA:16526]
xref: EMAPA:16526 ! caudal neuropore
xref: VHOG:0000769 ! caudal neuropore
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000223 ! caudal neuropore
xref: EHDAA:900 ! caudal neuropore
is_a: UBERON:0005077 ! neuropore
xref: SCTID:361479008 ! Caudal neuropore
xref: EHDAA2:0000676 ! caudal neuropore
property_value: external_definition "Posterior site of neural tube closure. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.378, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000769", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005078
name: lamina terminalis
def: "." [GO:0021996]
xref: FMA:61975 ! Lamina terminalis
xref: EMAPA:16649 ! lamina terminalis of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16904 ! lamina terminalis of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000903 ! lamina terminalis
xref: AAO:0000881 ! lamina terminalis
xref: BM:LT ! lamina terminalis
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005070 ! anterior neuropore
xref: SCTID:361483008 ! Lamina terminalis
property_value: external_definition "In those cases in which the interilial region is broadly expanded and the pubis is extremely reduced, the anterior margin of the ischium forms an expanded area.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000881", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: VHOG:0001547 ! lamina terminalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005073
name: preganglionic parasympathetic nervous system
is_a: UBERON:0000011 ! parasympathetic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005074
name: postganglionic parasympathetic nervous system
is_a: UBERON:0000011 ! parasympathetic nervous system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005073 ! preganglionic parasympathetic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005075
name: forebrain-midbrain boundary
synonym: "forebrain midbrain boundary" EXACT [ZFA:0001367]
xref: ZFA:0001367 ! forebrain midbrain boundary
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007288 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive forebrain midbrain boundary
xref: TAO:0001367 ! forebrain midbrain boundary
property_value: external_definition "The boundary between the diencephalon and the mesencephalon.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001367", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from forebrain midbrain boundary neural tube (TAO:0007040)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001367", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
def: "An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a forebrain and adjacent_to a midbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005076
name: hindbrain-spinal cord boundary
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
def: "An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007379
name: egg
def: "The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken; also: its contents used as food." [BTO:0000369, Wikipedia:Egg_(biology)]
xref: BTO:0000369 ! egg
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
xref: CALOHA:TS-2191 ! Ovum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005079
name: eggshell
def: "a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration[GO]." [GO:0030703, Wikipedia:Eggshell]
synonym: "egg shell" EXACT  [BTO:0001716]
xref: BTO:0001716 ! eggshell
xref: WBbt:0005843 ! eggshell
xref: MESH:A13.316 ! egg shell
is_a: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0007379 ! egg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005307
name: chorion-containing eggshell
def: "An eggshell that contains chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster." [GO:0007304]
is_a: UBERON:0005079 ! eggshell
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000920 ! egg chorion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007378
name: egg yolk
def: "The yellow spheroidal mass of stored food that forms the inner portion of the egg of a bird or reptile and is surrounded by the white." [BTO:0000371, Wikipedia:Yolk]
synonym: "yolk" RELATED  [BTO:0000371]
xref: BTO:0000371 ! egg yolk
xref: MESH:A16.631.325 ! egg yolk
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007379 ! egg
xref: ncithesaurus:Egg_Yolk ! Egg Yolk
xref: AAO:0010579 ! yolk
property_value: external_definition "Extraembryonic structure that serves as a nutrient store for the embryo during development.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010579", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
xref: VHOG:0001742 ! yolk
property_value: homology_notes "The majority of animals develop from a spherical egg with a single axis, the animal-vegetal (an-veg) axis. The animal half of the egg usually contains the nucleus of the oocyte, while the vegetal half of the egg is the preferred site for the storage of yolk. Eggs with an-veg polarity are considered ancestral for the vertebrates. Frogs, for example, have eggs with vegetally concentrated yolk and the nucleus located in the animal cytoplasm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001742", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0925-4773(98)00226-3 Arendt D\, Nubler-Jung K\, Rearranging gastrulation in the name of yolk: evolution of gastrulation in yolk-rich amniote eggs. Mechanism of Development (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005082
name: tube lumen
def: "A hole in a tube[GO]." [GO:0060609]
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003078 ! lumen of tube
xref: AEO:0000078 ! lumen of tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: surrounded_by UBERON:0000025 ! tube
xref: EHDAA2:0004618 ! lumen of tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005083
name: nipple sheath
def: "a circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout[GO]." [GO:0060659]
is_a: UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002030 ! nipple

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009200
name: limb epidermis
def: "The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium." [GOC:dph, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005085
name: ectodermal placode
def: "An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]" [GO:0060788]
comment: Homology: With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates. Editor notes: consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm // AO notes: in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous
intersection_of: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002546
name: cranial placode
def: "Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic." [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175/, UBERON:cjm, https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/4, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3561940&group_id=76834&atid=1127722]
comment: Editor note: to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass. Do not merge. Terminological notes: The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. Taxon notes: Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons[PMID:11523831].
synonym: "placode" BROAD [Wikipedia:Placode]
xref: MAT:0000369 ! cranial placode
xref: MIAA:0000369 ! cranial placode
xref: XAO:0000305 ! cranial placode
xref: AAO:0010466 ! cranial placode
is_a: UBERON:0005085 {source="cjm"} ! ectodermal placode
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="PMID:11523831"} ! Chordata
xref: EFO:0001650 ! placode

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011814 ! non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
name: non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
is_a: UBERON:0005085 {source="cjm"} ! ectodermal placode
disjoint_from: UBERON:0009955 ! neurogenic placode

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009955
name: neurogenic placode
def: "Cranial placode with neurogenic potential[cjm]. Neurogenic placodes are transient ectodermal thickenings that form at the border of the neural plate and epidermis and give rise to sensory neurons of the cranial ganglia[ZFA]. The neurogenic placodes give rise to parts of various nerves and ganglia, the olfactory organ, parietal eye, parts of the inner ear, and the lateral line. There are 2 major series of neurogenic placodes, the dorsolateral and ventrolateral or epibranchial[PMID]" [ZFA:0001309, Wikipedia:Neurogenic_placodes, PMID:11523831]
comment: Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes. Taxon notes: While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000)[NBK53171]
synonym: "neurogenic placodes" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001309]
synonym: "placodae neurogenicae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neurogenic_placodes]
is_a: UBERON:0002546 {source="cjm"} ! cranial placode
xref: ZFA:0001309 ! neurogenic placode
xref: TAO:0001309 ! neurogenic placode
xref: EFO:0003460 ! neurogenic placode

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007497
name: developing epithelial placode
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003112
def: "A domain of columnar epithelium in an embryo that represents the early stage of the development of the epithelial component of a new anatomical structure." [AEO:0000218, JB:DEF]
comment: Consider merging with ectodermal placode? In EHDAA2 this includes lens, nasal, otic epibranchial and trigeminal placodes
xref: AEO_RETIRED:0000112 ! epithelial placode
xref: AEO:0000218 ! developing epithelial placode
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003112 ! developing epithelial placode
synonym: "epithelial placode" EXACT [AEO:0000112]
is_a: UBERON:0000485 {source="AEO"} ! simple columnar epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: has_part CL:0000075 {source="AEO"} ! columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005088
name: sebaceous gland placode
def: "A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud[GO]." [GO:0060791]
comment: todo - add bud
is_a: UBERON:0011814 {source="NBK53175"} ! non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
intersection_of: UBERON:0005085 ! ectodermal placode
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005089
name: sweat gland placode
def: "An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud[GO]." [GO:0060793]
comment: todo - add bud
is_a: UBERON:0011814 {source="NBK53175"} ! non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
intersection_of: UBERON:0005085 ! ectodermal placode
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001820 ! sweat gland
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005091
name: left horn of sinus venosus
xref: FMA:70321 ! Left horn of sinus venosus
xref: VHOG:0000488 ! sinus venosus left horn
xref: EHDAA2:0001840 ! sinus venosus left horn
xref: EMAPA:16238 ! left horn
xref: EHDAA:482 ! left horn
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="FMA"} ! embryonic structure
relationship: in_left_side_of UBERON:0002063 ! sinus venosus
synonym: "sinus venosus left horn" EXACT [VHOG:0000488]
property_value: homology_notes "Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000488", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM\, Christoffels VM\, Cardiac Chamber Formation:  Development\, Genes\, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005092
name: right horn of sinus venosus
xref: FMA:70318 ! Right horn of sinus venosus
xref: VHOG:0000489 ! sinus venosus right horn
xref: EHDAA2:0001841 ! sinus venosus right horn
xref: EMAPA:16239 ! right horn
xref: EHDAA:484 ! right horn
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="FMA"} ! embryonic structure
relationship: in_right_side_of UBERON:0002063 ! sinus venosus
synonym: "sinus venosus right horn" EXACT [VHOG:0000489]
property_value: homology_notes "Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000489", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM\, Christoffels VM\, Cardiac Chamber Formation:  Development\, Genes\, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005093
name: cement gland
def: "A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm[XAO]." [GO:0071570, XAO:0000033]
xref: XAO:0000033 ! cement gland 
xref: BTO:0002738 ! cement gland
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
xref: AAO:0010373 ! cement gland
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010373", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005094 ! beak
name: beak
def: "The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary ramaphotheca, mandibular ramaphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus[GO]. The beak, bill or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds which is used for eating and for grooming, manipulating objects, killing prey, probing for food, courtship and feeding young. The term beak is also used to refer to a similar mouthpart in some Ornithischian dinosaurs, monotremes, cephalopods, cetaceans, pufferfishes, turtles, Anuran tadpoles and sirens[WP]." [GO:0071728, Wikipedia:Beak]
comment: TODO - add superclass
synonym: "avian beak" EXACT []
synonym: "bill" RELATED []
synonym: "rostrum" RELATED []
xref: MESH:A13.114 ! beak
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010012 ! upper beak
name: upper beak
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005094 ! beak
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw region
synonym: "upper mandible" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "maxillary beak" RELATED []
synonym: "rostrum maxillare" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010013 ! lower beak
name: lower beak
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005094 ! beak
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw region
synonym: "lower mandible" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "mandibular beak" RELATED []
synonym: "rostrum mandibulare" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007330 ! rhamphotheca
name: rhamphotheca
def: "thin keratinized layer of epidermis projecting from outer surface of beak[WP]." [Wikipedia:Beak#Rhamphotheca]
comment: Development notes: This covering arises from the Malpighian cells of the bird's epidermis,[9] growing from plates at the base of each mandible[WP]
synonym: "horny sheath of beak" RELATED []
synonym: "outer keratin layer of beak" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005094 ! beak
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007331
name: maxillary rhamphotheca
synonym: "maxillary beak" RELATED []
synonym: "rhinotheca" RELATED [Wikipedia:Beak#Rhamphotheca]
intersection_of: UBERON:0007330 ! rhamphotheca
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010012 ! upper beak
def: "A rhamphotheca that is part of a upper beak." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007332
name: mandibular rhamphotheca
synonym: "mandibular beak" RELATED []
synonym: "gnathotheca" RELATED [Wikipedia:Beak#Rhamphotheca]
intersection_of: UBERON:0007330 ! rhamphotheca
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010013 ! lower beak
def: "A rhamphotheca that is part of a lower beak." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012447
name: podotheca
def: "A horny sheath covering the lower leg of some birds." []
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: has_part UBERON:0007381 ! epidermal scale

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005097
name: renal connecting tubule
def: "The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO]." [GO:0072027, Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule]
synonym: "connecting tubule" EXACT [MA:0002610]
xref: MA:0002610 ! renal connecting tubule
xref: EMAPA:27758 ! renal connecting tubule of s-shaped body of early tubule of metanephros of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:27790 ! renal connecting tubule of renal tubule
xref: EMAPA:27865 ! renal connecting tubule of s-shaped body of early tubule of metanephros of urinary system
xref: EMAPA:28011 ! renal connecting tubule of cortical renal tubule
xref: BTO:0004539 ! connecting tubule
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003220 {source="Wikipedia"} ! metanephric mesenchyme
synonym: "tubulus renalis arcuatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Gray1128.png
synonym: "kidney connecting tubule" EXACT [MA:0002610]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005099
name: short descending thin limb
def: "The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology[GO]." [GO:0072063]
comment: TODO - epithelium types
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
relationship: has_part CL:0000076 ! squamous epithelial cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005100
name: long descending thin limb
def: "The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla[GO]." [GO:0072064]
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001285 ! nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005101
name: early distal convoluted tubule
def: "The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]." [GO:0072067]
xref: EMAPA:28393 ! distal convoluted tubule (also: UBERON:0001292 'distal convoluted tubule') (also: UBERON:0005102 'late distal convoluted tubule')
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001292 ! distal convoluted tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005102
name: late distal convoluted tubule
def: "The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]." [GO:0072068]
comment: TODO - CL
xref: EMAPA:28393 ! distal convoluted tubule (also: UBERON:0001292 'distal convoluted tubule') (also: UBERON:0005101 'early distal convoluted tubule')
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001292 ! distal convoluted tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006337
name: distal early tubule
def: "Portion of the renal tubule which is just posterior to the proximal straight tubule." [ZFA:0005293]
comment: in XAO this is pronephric; in ZFA it is an adult structure. we treat it here as generic. consider placing XAO under proneprhic subclass. check relationship with EDCT.
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: XAO:0000287 ! early distal tubule
xref: ZFA:0005293 ! distal early tubule
xref: EMAPA:27788 ! early distal tubule of renal tubule
xref: EMAPA:28007 ! early distal tubule of cortical renal tubule
xref: EMAPA:28390 ! early distal tubule of renal distal tubule
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
xref: AAO:0011034 ! early distal tubule
xref: TAO:0005293 ! distal early tubule
property_value: external_definition "Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the late proximal tubule.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011034", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="XAO:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005892
name: mesonephric early distal tubule
def: "The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons." [XB:curator]
synonym: "mesonephric ascending limb" RELATED [XAO:0000333]
synonym: "mesonephric straight distal segment" RELATED [XAO:0000333]
xref: XAO:0000333 ! mesonephric early distal tubule
is_a: UBERON:0000083 ! mesonephric tubule
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005322 ! mesonephric nephron
xref: AAO:0010391 ! mesonephric early distal tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005103
name: mesonephric epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005104
name: anterior mesonephric tubule
def: "." [GO:0072165]
synonym: "cranial mesonephric tubule" EXACT [EMAPA:30562]
xref: EMAPA:30562 ! cranial mesonephric tubule
xref: EMAPA:30576 ! cranial mesonephric tubule
is_a: UBERON:0000083 ! mesonephric tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005105
name: posterior mesonephric tubule
def: "." [GO:0072166]
synonym: "caudal mesonephric tubule" EXACT [EMAPA:30574]
xref: EMAPA:30571 ! caudal mesonephric tubule of mesonephric tubule of mesonephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:30574 ! caudal mesonephric tubule of mesonephric tubule of mesonephros of reproductive system
is_a: UBERON:0000083 ! mesonephric tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005106
name: metanephric tubule
def: "A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072173]
xref: VHOG:0001526 ! metanephric tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
property_value: homology_notes "The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001526", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.543", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005107 ! metanephric cap
name: metanephric cap
def: "The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip[GO]. Mesenchyme closely apposed to the tips of the buds is called cap mesenchyme; it will later go on to form nephrons etc[GUDMAP]." [GO:0072185, http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
comment: TODO - check EMAPA
synonym: "cap mesenchyme" EXACT [EMAPA:27621]
xref: EMAPA:27621 ! cap mesenchyme of metanephric mesenchyme of metanephros of urinary system
xref: MA:0002997 ! cap mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003220 ! metanephric mesenchyme
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005108
name: metanephric epithelium
def: "An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure[GO]." [GO:0072207]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005109
name: metanephric smooth muscle tissue
def: "Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros." [UBERON:cjm, GO:0072208]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005111
name: metanephric pyramid
def: "Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts[GO]." [GO:0072211]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004200 ! kidney pyramid
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005114
name: metanephric ascending thin limb
def: "The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO]." [GO:0072218]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004193 ! ascending thin limb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005129 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric distal tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005115
name: metanephric cortical collecting duct
def: "The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex[GO]." [GO:0072219]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004203 ! cortical collecting duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004737 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric collecting duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010533 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephros cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005116
name: metanephric descending thin limb
def: "It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle[GO]." [GO:0072220]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005096 ! descending thin limb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005130 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric loop of Henle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005117
name: metanephric distal convoluted tubule
def: "The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO]." [GO:0072221]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001292 ! distal convoluted tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
xref: VHOG:0001569 ! metanephric distal convoluted tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010533 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephros cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005118
name: metanephric early distal convoluted tubule
def: "The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive[GO]." [GO:0072222]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005101 ! early distal convoluted tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005117 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric distal convoluted tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005129 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric distal tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005119
name: metanephric glomerular mesangium
def: "The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus[GO]." [GO:0072223]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002320 ! glomerular mesangium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005133 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric glomerulus vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005120
name: metanephric late distal convoluted tubule
def: "The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]." [GO:0072225]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005102 ! late distal convoluted tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005117 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric distal convoluted tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005129 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric distal tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005121
name: metanephric long descending thin limb bend
def: "The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072226]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004206 ! long descending thin limb bend
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005122
name: metanephric macula densa
def: "The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]." [GO:0072227]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002335 ! macula densa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004738 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005123
name: metanephric prebend segment
def: "The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability[GO]." [GO:0072228]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004207 ! prebend segment
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005116 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric descending thin limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005124
name: metanephric proximal convoluted tubule
def: "The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO]." [GO:0072229]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001287 ! proximal convoluted tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
xref: VHOG:0001570 ! metanephric proximal convoluted tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010533 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephros cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005125
name: metanephric proximal straight tubule
def: "The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO]." [GO:0072230]
comment: todo - place mammalian xrefs here rather than at parent
intersection_of: UBERON:0001290 ! proximal straight tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: homologous_to XAO:0000332 {source="XAO"} ! mesonephric late proximal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005151 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric proximal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010533 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephros cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005126
name: metanephric S1
def: "The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]." [GO:0072231]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004196 ! S1 portion of tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005124 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric proximal convoluted tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005127
name: metanephric thick ascending limb
def: "At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule[GO]." [GO:0072233]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001291 ! thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005130
name: metanephric loop of Henle
def: "The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072236]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001288 ! loop of Henle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004136 ! intermediate tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005132
name: metanephric long nephron
def: "Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072238]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004194 ! long nephron
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005133
name: metanephric glomerulus vasculature
alt_id: UBERON:0005143
def: "The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus[GO]." [GO:0072239]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004190 ! glomerulus vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004736 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005134
name: metanephric nephron epithelium
def: "The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072243]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004211 ! nephron epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005135
name: metanephric glomerular epithelium
def: "A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072244]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004188 ! glomerular epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004736 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005136
name: metanephric glomerular endothelium
def: "The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072264]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004189 ! glomerular endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004736 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005133 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric glomerulus vasculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005137
name: metanephric capsule
alt_id: UBERON:0005112
def: "The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage[GO]." [GO:0072213]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002015 ! kidney capsule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006170
name: mesonephric capsule
def: "The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue." [GO:0061285, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002015 ! kidney capsule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005139
name: metanephric long descending thin limb
def: "The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla[GO]." [GO:0072269]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005100 ! long descending thin limb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005140
name: metanephric short nephron
def: "Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb[GO]." [GO:0072270]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004195 ! short nephron
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005141
name: metanephric short descending thin limb
def: "The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology[GO]." [GO:0072271]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005099 ! short descending thin limb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005144
name: metanephric glomerular capillary
def: "This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts[GO]." [GO:0072277]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004212 ! glomerular capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004736 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005145
name: metanephric comma-shaped body
def: "The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072278]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004198 ! comma-shaped body
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros


[Term]
id: UBERON:0005149
name: metanephric connecting tubule
def: "The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO]." [GO:0072286]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005097 ! connecting tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005129
name: metanephric distal tubule
alt_id: UBERON:0005150
def: "The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule[GO]." [GO:0072235]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004135 ! distal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005151
name: metanephric proximal tubule
alt_id: UBERON:0005131
def: "The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]." [GO:0072288]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004134 ! proximal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081 ! metanephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010533 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephros cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005110 {source="reference_0000032"} ! metanephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005154 ! epithelial cord
name: epithelial cord
def: "A cord of epithelial cells without a lumen and usually several cells thick." [AEO:0000216]
is_a: UBERON:0000486 {source="AEO"} ! multilaminar epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004052 ! epithelial cord
xref: AEO:0000216 ! epithelial cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005157 ! epithelial fold
name: epithelial fold
def: "An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis." [GO:0060571]
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010136
name: epithelial sheet
def: "An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells." [GO:0002011]
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010137
name: polarized epithelium
def: "A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis." [GO:0001738]
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000001" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005158
name: parenchyma of central nervous system
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a central nervous system [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "central nervous system parenchyma" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "CNS parenchyma" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parenchyma of CNS" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parenchyma of central nervous system" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353 ! parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005160
name: vestigial structure
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005161
name: pelvic spur
def: "Pelvic spurs are the externally visible portion of the vestigial remnants of legs found on each side of the vent in primitive snakes, such as boas and pythons. The remnants of a pelvis and femur, which have no connection with the spine, simply 'float' in the muscle mass. The femur protrudes from the snake's body and is covered by a corneal spur, which resembles a claw. Males' spurs are generally longer and more pointed than females', and are used for clasping and tickling during courtship and mating, as well as combat with other males in some species" [Wikipedia:Pelvic_spur]
comment: This class refers to the external portion and its corneal covering rather than the combined pelvis plus femur.
synonym: "anal spur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anal_spur]
synonym: "cloacal spur" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0005160 ! vestigial structure
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8570 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Serpentes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012446
name: cloacal spur
def: "retained pelvic vestiges found in birds. They are generally used in courtship and are more pronounced in males than females." [http://en.wikivet.net]
is_a: UBERON:0005160 ! vestigial structure
relationship: part_of BERON:0002355 ! pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005162
name: multi cell component structure
def: "A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part." [CARO:0001000]
comment: AO notes: we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: "Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells."
subset: upper_level
synonym: "multi-cell-component structure" EXACT [CARO:0001000]
xref: FMA:83115 ! cell part cluster
xref: CARO:0001000 ! multi-cell-component structure
xref: FBbt:00007060 ! multi-cell-component structure
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster
xref: AAO:0011000 ! multi-cell-component structure
synonym: "cell part cluster" RELATED [FMA:83115]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011215
name: cell part cluster of neuraxis
synonym: "neuraxis layer" EXACT  [FMA:83143]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005162 ! multi cell component structure
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
xref: FMA:83143 ! cell part cluster of neuraxis
subset: upper_level
def: "A multi cell component structure that is part of a central nervous system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000122
name: neuron projection bundle
alt_id: UBERON:0005163
def: "A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses." [FBC:DOS, FBbt:00005099, CARO:0001001]
synonym: "funiculus" EXACT []
synonym: "neural fiber bundle" EXACT []
synonym: "nerve fiber bundle" EXACT [FBbt:00005099]
xref: CARO:0001001
xref: FBbt:00005099 ! neuron projection bundle
is_a: UBERON:0005162 ! multi-cell-component structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001016 ! nervous system
relationship: has_part GO:0043005

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001018
name: axon tract
def: "A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt]." [http://flybrain.uni-freiburg.de/Flybrain/html/terms/terms.html]
comment: WP says this is the analog of peripheral nerves in CNS
synonym: "axonal tract" EXACT []
synonym: "tract" RELATED []
synonym: "tract of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:83847]
synonym: "neuraxis tract" EXACT [FMA:83847]
xref: FBbt:00005100 ! tract
xref: FMA:83847 ! Tract of neuraxis
xref: EV:0100304 ! tract
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007699
name: tract of spinal cord
synonym: "spinal cord tract" EXACT  [FMA:75683]
xref: FMA:75683 ! tract of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Tract ! Spinal Cord Tract
def: "An axon tract that is part of a spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1519456

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007702
name: tract of brain
synonym: "brain tract" EXACT  [FMA:83848]
comment: Editor notes: we place the NIF class here because it is part of the brain
xref: FMA:83848 ! tract of brain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1649  ! Nerve tract
intersection_of: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
def: "An axon tract that is part of a brain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011591
name: tract of diencephalon
synonym: "diencephalon tract" EXACT  [FMA:62447]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: FMA:62447 ! tract of diencephalon
def: "An axon tract that is part of a diencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001019
name: fascicle
def: "A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]." [Wikipedia:Nervous_system_fascicle]
comment: TODO - invert specific? note FBbt class not disjoint from tract. Consider merging with 'neuron projection bundle'
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fasciculus" EXACT []
synonym: "nerve fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:12235]
synonym: "nerve bundle" EXACT [FMA:12235]
synonym: "neural fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:12235]
xref: FBbt:00005101 ! fascicle
xref: FMA:12235 ! Nerve fasciculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_872 ! Fasciculus
xref: ncithesaurus:Fascicle ! Fascicle
xref: TGMA:0000088 ! fascicle
xref: BTO:0004101 ! fascicle
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle
xref: UMLS:C1185741

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005837
name: fasciculus of spinal cord
synonym: "spinal cord fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:75799]
xref: FMA:75799 ! fasciculus of spinal cord
intersection_of: UBERON:0001019 ! fascicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
def: "A fascicle that is part of a spinal cord." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005838
name: fasciculus of brain
synonym: "brain fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:83844]
xref: FMA:83844 ! fasciculus of brain
intersection_of: UBERON:0001019 ! fascicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
def: "A fascicle that is part of a brain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001021
name: nerve
def: "an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons [wikipedia]. A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons[ZFA]. Segment of neural tree organ which has as its parts a nerve trunk and its branches; together with other nerves of the same tree it constitutes a neural tree. Examples: chorda tympani, digastric branch of facial nerve, greater petrosal nerve, posterior cutaneous branch of posterior ramus of cervical nerve, superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Nervous_system, ZFA:0007009, ZFIN:curator, FMA:65132]
comment: check nerve vs peripheral nerve vs tract. Check isa hierarchy - we include under neural tissue as well as neuron projection bundle for now. FMA also has this under organ segment
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neural subtree" RELATED [FMA:65132]
xref: BTO:0000925
xref: EHDAA:2851 ! nerve
xref: EHDAA:3776 ! nerve
xref: EHDAA:4657 ! nerve
xref: FBbt:00005105 ! nerve
xref: FMA:65132 ! Nerve
xref: GAID:758 ! nerve fiber
xref: MA:0000217 ! nerve
xref: TAO:0007009 ! nerve
xref: XAO:0003047 ! nerve
xref: ZFA:0007009 ! nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:Nerve ! Nerve
xref: galen:Nerve ! nerve
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0003137 ! nerve
xref: AEO:0000137 ! nerve
xref: EV:0100162 ! nervous system (also: UBERON:0001016 'nervous system')
is_a: UBERON:0003714 {source="EHDAA2"} ! neural tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000122 {source="FBbt"} ! neuron projection bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
xref: AAO:0011070 ! nerve
xref: SCTID:256864008 ! Entire nerve
property_value: external_definition "A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0007009", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "nerves" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0007009]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "nervous" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0027740

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002003
name: peripheral nerve
alt_id: UBERON:0003377
def: "Neural tree (organ) which is directly continuous with the neuraxis. Examples: phrenic nerve, radial nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, sciatic nerve[FMA]. The peripheral nerves include the 12 cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and roots, and what are called the autonomic nerves that are concerned specifically with the regulation of the heart muscle, the muscles in blood vessel walls, and glands[BTO]. The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium[GAID]. A peripheral nerve, or simply nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons (the long, slender projections of neurons). A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons. Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system. In the central nervous system, the analogous structures are known as tracts[WP]." [Wikipedia:Peripheral_nerve]
comment: TODO - check definition vs nerve. See notes for cranial nerve II (optic nerve)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: major_organ
synonym: "peripheral nerve tree" EXACT []
synonym: "nerve part of peripheral nervous system" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1615]
xref: BTO:0001027
xref: FMA:65239 ! Peripheral nerve
xref: GAID:747 ! peripheral nerve
xref: VHOG:0000901 ! peripheral nerve
xref: MA:0000228 ! peripheral nerve
xref: XAO:0000204 ! peripheral nerve
xref: EMAPA:25148 ! nerve of peripheral nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nerve ! Peripheral Nerve
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1615 ! Nerve part of peripheral nervous system
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png/200px-Nervous_system_diagram.png
xref: MESH:A08.800.800 ! peripheral nerve
xref: EV:0100371 ! peripheral nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000010 ! peripheral nervous system
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest
relationship: has_part CL:0002573 ! Schwann cell
xref: SCTID:244457007 ! Entire peripheral nerve
xref: UMLS:C0031119

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003266
name: obsolete nerve of central nervous system
comment: obsoleted pending formal definition of nerve, with explicit reference to PNS vs CNS
consider: EHDAA:2851 ! nerve
consider: EMAPA:17263 ! nerve of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006134
name: nerve fiber
def: "A threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of an axon and myelin sheath (if existence) in the nervous system. There are nerve fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. A nerve fiber may be myelinated and/or unmyelinated. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin by oligodendroglia cells is formed. Schwann cells form myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cells also make a thin covering in an axon without myelin (in the PNS). A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon, myelin sheath, schwann cells and its endoneurium. There are no endoneurium and schwann cells in the central nervous system" [Wikipedia:Nervous_system_fiber]
synonym: "nerve fibre" EXACT [FMA:5914]
synonym: "neurofibrum" EXACT [FMA:5914]
xref: FMA:5914 ! nerve fiber
xref: MESH:A08.663.542 ! nerve fiber
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001019 ! fascicle
relationship: has_part GO:0030424 ! axon
synonym: "neurofibra" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5914]
xref: SCTID:88545005 ! Nerve fiber
synonym: "neurofibra" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nerve_fiber]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011924
name: postganglionic autonomic fiber
def: "Nerve fibers which project from cell bodies of autonomic ganglia to synapses on target organs." [MESH:A08.663.542.100, Wikipedia:Postganglionic_nerve_fibers]
synonym: "postganglionic autonomic fibre" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0006134 ! nerve fiber
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
xref: MESH:A08.663.542.100 ! postganglionic autonomic fiber
xref: ncithesaurus:Postganglionic_Autonomic_Fiber ! postganglionic autonomic fiber
xref: FMA:5924 ! postganglionic nerve fiber
synonym: "postganglionic nerve fiber" EXACT [FMA:5924]
xref: UMLS:C0004384

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011925
name: preganglionic autonomic fiber
def: "Nerve fibers which project from the central nervous system to autonomic ganglia. In the sympathetic division most preganglionic fibers originate with neurons in the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, exit via ventral roots from upper thoracic through lower lumbar segments, and project to the paravertebral ganglia; there they either terminate in synapses or continue through the splanchnic nerves to the prevertebral ganglia. In the parasympathetic division the fibers originate in neurons of the brain stem and sacral spinal cord. In both divisions the principal transmitter is acetylcholine but peptide cotransmitters may also be released." [MESH:A08.663.542.122, Wikipedia:Preganglionic_nerve_fibers]
synonym: "preganglionic autonomic fibre" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0006134 ! nerve fiber
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
xref: MESH:A08.663.542.122 ! preganglionic autonomic fiber
xref: FMA:5923 ! preganglionic nerve fiber
synonym: "preganglionic nerve fiber" EXACT [FMA:5923]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011926
name: postganglionic sympathetic fiber
def: "A noradrenergic or adrenergic axonal fiber projecting from a sympathetic ganglion to an effector organ" [MP:0008312]
synonym: "postganglionic sympathetic fiber" RELATED  [MESH:A08.663.542.075.800]
synonym: "sympathetic postganglionic fiber" RELATED  [MP:0008312]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011924 ! postganglionic autonomic nerve fiber
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000013 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: MESH:A08.663.542.075.800 ! postganglionic sympathetic fiber
xref: ncithesaurus:Postganglionic_Sympathetic_Fiber ! postganglionic sympathetic fiber
xref: SCTID:323617002 ! Entire postganglionic sympathetic fiber
xref: UMLS:C0206254

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011927
name: preganglionic sympathetic fiber
def: "A cholinergic axonal fiber projecting from the CNS to a sympathetic ganglion" [MP:0008310]
synonym: "sympathetic preganglionic fiber" RELATED  [MP:0008310]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011925 ! preganglionic nerve fiber
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000013 ! sympathetic nervous system
xref: SCTID:323517007 ! Entire preganglionic sympathetic fiber

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011929
name: postganglionic parasympathetic fiber
def: "A cholinergic axonal fiber projecting from a parasympathetic ganglion to an effector organ" [MP:0008313]
synonym: "parasympathetic postganglionic fiber" RELATED  [MP:0008313]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011924 ! postganglionic autonomic fiber
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000011 ! parasympathetic nervous system
xref: MESH:A08.663.542.100.700 ! postganglionic parasympathetic fiber
xref: ncithesaurus:Postganglionic_Parasympathetic_Fiber ! postganglionic parasympathetic fiber
xref: UMLS:C0206252

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011930
name: preganglionic parasympathetic  fiber
def: "A cholinergic axonal fibers projecting from the CNS to a parasympathetic ganglion" [MP:0008311]
synonym: "parasympathetic preganglionic fiber" RELATED  [MP:0008311]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011925 ! preganglionic nerve fiber
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000011 ! parasympathetic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006135
name: myelinated nerve fiber
comment: consider adding link to UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
xref: FMA:5915 ! myelinated nerve fiber
xref: GAID:745 ! myelinated nerve fiber
xref: MESH:A08.663.542.512 ! myelinated nerve fiber
is_a: UBERON:0006134 ! nerve fiber
relationship: has_part GO:0043209 ! myelin sheath
xref: ncithesaurus:Myelinated_Nerve_Fiber ! Myelinated Nerve Fiber
xref: SCTID:362296008 ! Entire myelinated nerve fiber
xref: UMLS:C0027750

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006136
name: unmyelinated nerve fiber
synonym: "non-myelinated nerve fiber" EXACT [FMA:5916]
xref: FMA:5916 ! unmyelinated nerve fiber
xref: GAID:767 ! unmyelinated nerve fiber
xref: MESH:A08.663.542.756 ! unmyelinated nerve fiber
is_a: UBERON:0006134 ! nerve fiber
xref: ncithesaurus:Unmyelinated_Nerve_Fiber ! Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber
xref: SCTID:46920005 ! Non myelinated nerve fiber
xref: UMLS:C0501409

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006133 ! funiculus
name: funiculus of neuraxis
def: "The cerebrospinal nerves consist of numerous nerve fibers collected together and enclosed in membranous sheaths. A small bundle of fibers, enclosed in a tubular sheath, is called a funiculus; if the nerve is of small size, it may consist only of a single funiculus; but if large, the funiculi are collected together into larger bundles or fasciculi, which are bound together in a common membranous investment. Examples include: Anterior funiculus of the spinal cord Lateral funiculus of the spinal cord Posterior funiculus of the spinal cord Funiculus solitarius of the medulla Funiculus separans" [Wikipedia:Funiculus_%28neurology%29]
xref: FMA:76738 ! Funiculus
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005172
name: abdomen organ
def: "An organ that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000522 ! abdomen
xref: SCTID:272631008 ! Abdominal organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
subset: non_informative

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005173
name: abdominal segment organ
comment: Includes abdomen organ and pelvis organ
xref: MA:0000529
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
subset: non_informative
def: "An organ that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005174
name: back organ
def: "An organ that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001901
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001137
subset: organ_slim
subset: non_informative

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005175
name: chest organ
def: "An organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000552
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001443
subset: organ_slim
subset: non_informative

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005177
name: trunk organ
def: "An organ that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000516
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100
subset: organ_slim
subset: non_informative

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005178
name: thoracic cavity organ
def: "An organ that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000557
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0002224
subset: non_informative

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005179
name: pelvis organ
def: "An organ that is part of the pelvic region[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000543
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pevlis
subset: organ_slim
subset: non_informative

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005180
name: obsolete lymph organ
def: "An organ that is part of a lymph [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
consider: MA:0000747
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005181
name: thoracic segment organ
synonym: "upper body organ" RELATED [MA:0000563]
xref: MA:0000563
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 ! thoracic segment of trunk
subset: non_informative
def: "An organ that is part of a thoracic segment of trunk." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005185
name: renal medulla collecting duct
def: "A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a renal medulla [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "medullary collecting duct" EXACT [EMAPA:28061]
xref: MA:0002935
xref: EMAPA:28061 ! medullary collecting duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0001232
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000362
synonym: "kidney medulla collecting duct" EXACT [MA:0002935]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005186
name: outer renal medulla collecting duct
def: "A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002599
intersection_of: UBERON:0001232
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001293
synonym: "kidney outer medulla collecting duct" EXACT [MA:0002599]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005187
name: inner renal medulla collecting duct
def: "A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "papillary collecting duct" RELATED [MA:0002598]
xref: MA:0002598
intersection_of: UBERON:0001232
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001294
synonym: "kidney inner medulla collecting duct" EXACT [MA:0002598]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004358
name: caput epididymis
def: "the head of the epididymis" [MP:0002660]
comment: Structure notes: The head of the epididymis receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts of the mediastinum of the testis. It is characterized histologically by a thin myoepithelium. The concentration of the sperm here is dilute[WP]
synonym: "caput" BROAD [MP:0002660]
synonym: "epidymis head" EXACT [FMA:18259]
synonym: "head of epidymis " EXACT []
synonym: "caput epididymidis" RELATED [BTO:0000336]
synonym: "head of epididymis" EXACT [FMA:18259]
synonym: "epididymal head" EXACT [FMA:18259]
synonym: "epididymis head" EXACT [FMA:18259]
xref: MA:0002762 ! caput epididymis
xref: BTO:0000336 ! caput epididymis
xref: EMAPA:19291 ! caput epididymis
xref: FMA:18259 ! head of epididymis
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Epididymis ! Head of the Epididymis
xref: SCTID:362282002 ! Entire head of epididymis
xref: UMLS:C0228023

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005188
name: obsolete caput epididymis
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0004358

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004359
name: corpus epididymis
def: "the body of the epididymis" [MP:0002661]
synonym: "epididymis body" EXACT [FMA:18260]
synonym: "epididymal body" EXACT [FMA:18260]
synonym: "epidymis body" EXACT []
synonym: "body of epidymis " EXACT []
synonym: "body of epididymis " EXACT [FMA:18260]
synonym: "corpus epididymidis" RELATED [BTO:0000209]
synonym: "body of epididymis" EXACT [FMA:18260]
xref: MA:0002764 ! corpus epididymis
xref: BTO:0000209 ! corpus epididymis
xref: FMA:18260 ! body of epididymis
xref: EMAPA:19293 ! corpus epididymis
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
xref: ncithesaurus:Body_of_the_Epididymis ! Body of the Epididymis
xref: SCTID:279620001 ! Entire body of epididymis
xref: UMLS:C0228022

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005189
name: obsolete corpus epididymis
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0004359

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004360
name: cauda epididymis
def: "the tail of the epididymis" [MP:0002662]
comment: Structure notes: This has a thicker myoepithelium than the head region, as it is involved in absorbing fluid to make the sperm more concentrated.[WP]
synonym: "epidymis tail" EXACT []
synonym: "corpus" BROAD [MP:0002662]
synonym: "epididymis tail" EXACT [FMA:18261]
synonym: "epididymal tail" EXACT [FMA:18261]
synonym: "tail of epidymis " EXACT []
synonym: "tail of epididymis " EXACT [FMA:18261]
synonym: "cauda epididymidis" EXACT [BTO:0000210]
synonym: "epididymal cauda" EXACT [BTO:0000210]
synonym: "tail of epididymis" EXACT [FMA:18261]
xref: BTO:0000210 ! cauda epididymis
xref: EMAPA:19292 ! cauda epididymis
xref: FMA:18261 ! tail of epididymis
xref: MA:0002763 ! cauda epididymis
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
xref: ncithesaurus:Tail_of_the_Epididymis ! Tail of the Epididymis
xref: SCTID:279621002 ! Entire tail of epididymis
xref: UMLS:C0228024

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005190
name: obsolete cauda epididymis
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0004360

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005192
name: deferent duct artery
def: "an artery in males that provides blood to the vas deferens. The artery usually arises from the anterior trunk of the superior vesical artery. It accompanies the vas deferens into the testis, where it anastomoses with the testicular artery. In this way it also supplies blood to the testis and epididymis. A small branch supplies the ureter[WP]." [Wikipedia:Artery_to_the_ductus_deferens]
synonym: "arteria ductus deferentis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Artery_to_the_ductus_deferens]
synonym: "vas deferens artery" EXACT  []
synonym: "ductus deferens artery" EXACT  [FMA:18930]
synonym: "artery of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:18930]
xref: FMA:18930 ! artery of ductus deferens
xref: MA:0001940
xref: SCTID:279659005 ! Entire ductus deferens artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0001000 ! vas deferens
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001310 {source="FMA"} ! umbilical artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001312 {source="Wikipedia"} ! superior vesical artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005352 ! spermatic cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005193 ! ethmoidal artery
name: ethmoidal artery
def: "One of: anterior or posterior ethmoidal arteries." [Wikipedia:Ethmoidal_arteries]
synonym: "ethmoid artery" EXACT []
subset: grouping_class
xref: MA:0001949
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001619 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! ophthalmic artery
union_of: UBERON:0012318 ! anterior ethmoidal artery
union_of: UBERON:0012319 ! posterior ethmoidal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Ethmoidal_Artery ! Ethmoidal Artery
xref: SCTID:244222007 ! Entire ethmoidal artery
xref: UMLS:C0226184

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012318
name: anterior ethmoidal artery
def: "The anterior ethmoidal artery, also anterior ethmoid artery is an artery of the head. Once branching from the ophthalmic artery, it accompanies the nasociliary nerve through the anterior ethmoidal canal to supply the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells, frontal sinus, and anterosuperior aspect of the lateral nasal wall[WP]" [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "anterior ethmoid artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "anterior meningeal arteries" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "anterior meningeal artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "arteria ethmoidalis anterior" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "a. ethmoidalis anterior" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0005193 ! ethmoidal artery
xref: FMA:49986 ! anterior ethmoidal artery
xref: SCTID:312160004 ! Entire anterior ethmoidal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012319
name: posterior ethmoidal artery
def: "The posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head. It is smaller than the anterior ethmoidal artery, branches off from the ophthalmic artery when it reaches the medial wall of the orbit." [Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "posterior ethmoidal vessel" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "arteria ethmoidalis posterior" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery]
synonym: "a. ethmoidalis posterior" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0005193 ! ethmoidal artery
xref: FMA:49989 ! posterior ethmoidal artery
xref: SCTID:312161000 ! Entire posterior ethmoidal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005194
name: thoracic vein
def: "A vein that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002235
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000915
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vein ! Thoracic Vein
xref: SCTID:281472008 ! Entire vein of thorax
xref: UMLS:C0226629

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005195
name: deferent duct vein
def: "A vein that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002100
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001000

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005197
name: segmental spinal nerve
comment: todo - check
synonym: "cervical segmental spinal nerves C1-7" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001822]
xref: MA:0000234
xref: VHOG:0000920 ! segmental spinal nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001822 ! segmental spinal nerve
xref: EMAPA:16990 ! segmental spinal nerve of nerve of spinal
xref: EMAPA:25149 ! segmental spinal nerve of nerve of peripheral nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: EHDAA:3778 ! segmental spinal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001780 {source="MA"} ! spinal nerve
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000044 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dorsal root ganglion
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001806 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sympathetic ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0001822 ! cervical segmental spinal nerves C1-7

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005201
name: obsolete cervical trunk
consider: MA:0001937
is_obsolete: true
comment: was obsolete as it was defined incorrectly. See Fig97 of The Anatomy of the Laboratory Mouse. May be included in future versions of this ontology that include more detailed relationships and comparisons of the arterial system
xref: http://www.informatics.jax.org/cookbook/figures/figure97.shtml

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002335
name: macula densa
def: "The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]." [GO:0072024, Wikipedia:Macula_densa]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:86333 ! Macula densa
xref: MA:0002603 ! macula densa
xref: ncithesaurus:Macula_Densa ! Macula Densa
xref: BTO:0003940 ! macula densa
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002303 {source="MA"} ! juxtaglomerular apparatus
xref: SCTID:244657003 ! Entire macula densa
xref: UMLS:C0227662

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005202
name: distal straight tubule macula densa
def: "A macula densa that is part of an ascending limb of loop of Henle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - unify terminology - check DST = TAL? Note EMAPA class appears to refer to this segment
xref: MA:0002604 ! distal straight tubule macula densa
xref: EMAPA:28399 ! macula densa
intersection_of: UBERON:0002335 ! macula densa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001291 ! thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001291 {source="MA"} ! thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006853 {source="MA"} ! renal cortex tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003546
name: distal convoluted tubule macula densa
def: "A macula densa that is part of a distal convoluted tubule [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001668 ! distal convoluted tubule macula densa
intersection_of: UBERON:0002335 ! macula densa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001292 ! distal convoluted tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001292 {source="MA"} ! distal convoluted tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002335 {source="MA"} ! macula densa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005203
name: trachea gland
def: "A gland that is part of a submucosa of trachea [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "glandula trachealis" EXACT [FMA:7473]
synonym: "tubular seromucous gland of trachea" RELATED [FMA:7473]
xref: MA:0002937
xref: FMA:7473 ! tracheal gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002202 ! submucosa of trachea
xref: SCTID:197423006 ! Entire tracheal gland
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "tracheal gland" EXACT [FMA:7473]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005204
name: larynx submucosa gland
def: "A gland that is part of a larynx submucosa [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002729
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004778
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005205
name: vagina stroma
xref: MA:0002737
intersection_of: UBERON:0003891
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996
def: "A stroma that is part of a vagina." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005206
name: choroid plexus stroma
def: "A stroma that is part of a choroid plexus [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000825
intersection_of: UBERON:0003891
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001886

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005207
name: tonsil capsule
def: "A capsule that is part of a tonsil [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000776
intersection_of: UBERON:0003893
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002372


[Term]
id: UBERON:0006675
name: venous valve
synonym: "valve of vein" EXACT [FMA:68095]
xref: FMA:68095 ! Venous valve
intersection_of: UBERON:0003978 ! valve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001638 ! vein
def: "A valve that is part of a vein." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005208
name: right atrium valve
def: "A valve that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001871 ! right atrium valve
xref: EMAPA:17327 ! valve of right atrium
synonym: "valve of right atrium" EXACT [EMAPA:17327]
synonym: "right atrium valves" RELATED PLURAL [EHDAA2:0000302]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003978
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002078
xref: EHDAA2:0000302 ! right atrium valves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010189
name: right atrium venous valve
comment: AO notes: part_of in EHDAA2. Only child in MA.
is_a: UBERON:0005208 {source="MA"} ! right atrium valve
xref: MA:0001872 ! right atrium venous valve
xref: EHDAA2:0001762 ! right venous valve
xref: EMAPA:17010 ! venous valve of valve of right part
xref: EMAPA:17328 ! venous valve of valve of right atrium
synonym: "right venous valve" RELATED [EHDAA2:0001762]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005212
name: testis interstitial tissue
def: "The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.." [MESH:A05.360.444.849]
synonym: "interstitium of the testis" EXACT [EMAPA:18687]
synonym: "interstitium of testis" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "testis interstitium" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "testis - interstitial" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0002713
intersection_of: UBERON:0005169
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000473
relationship: composed_primarily_of CL:0000178 ! Leydig cell
xref: SCTID:362280005 ! Entire interstitial tissue of testis
xref: EMAPA:18687 ! interstitium of the testis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005213
name: outer renal medulla interstitium
def: "A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outer medullary interstitium" EXACT [EMAPA:28337]
xref: MA:0002621 ! kidney outer medulla interstitium
intersection_of: UBERON:0005169 ! interstitial tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001293 ! outer medulla of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001293 {source="MA"} ! outer medulla of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005211 {source="MA"} ! renal medulla interstitium
xref: EMAPA:28337 ! outer medullary interstitium
synonym: "kidney outer medulla interstitium" EXACT [MA:0002621]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005214
name: inner renal medulla interstitium
def: "A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002620 ! kidney inner medulla interstitium
synonym: "inner medullary interstitium" EXACT [EMAPA:28364]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005169 ! interstitial tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001294 ! inner medulla of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001294 {source="MA"} ! inner medulla of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005211 {source="MA"} ! renal medulla interstitium
xref: EMAPA:28364 ! inner medullary interstitium
synonym: "kidney inner medulla interstitium" EXACT [MA:0002620]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005216
name: optic eminence surface ectoderm
def: "An external ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000520
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001311 ! optic eminence surface ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16539 ! surface ectoderm of optic eminence (also: UBERON:0000076 'external ectoderm')
intersection_of: UBERON:0000076
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004348
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005234 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! optic eminence ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005217
name: midbrain subarachnoid space
def: "A subarachnoid space that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001304
xref: EMAPA:19055 ! subarachnoid space of meninges of midbrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000315
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891
synonym: "subarachnoid space midbrain" EXACT [VHOG:0001304]
synonym: "subarachnoid space mesencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0001304]
property_value: external_definition "Subarachnoid space that is part of the midbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001304", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005218
name: diencephalon subarachnoid space
def: "A subarachnoid space that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001302
xref: EMAPA:25079 ! subarachnoid space of arachnoid mater of meninges of diencephalon of forebrain
intersection_of: UBERON:0000315
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001894
synonym: "subarachnoid space diencephalon" EXACT [VHOG:0001302]
property_value: external_definition "Subarachnoid space that is part of the diencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001302", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005219
name: hindbrain subarachnoid space
def: "A subarachnoid space that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001303
xref: EMAPA:18211 ! subarachnoid space of meninges of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000315
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028
synonym: "subarachnoid space hindbrain" EXACT [VHOG:0001303]
synonym: "subarachnoid space rhombencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0001303]
property_value: external_definition "Subarachnoid space that is part of the hindbrain. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001303", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005220
name: pancreas head parenchyma
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a head of pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000838
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001069

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005221
name: liver right lobe parenchyma
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a right lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parenchyma of right lobe of liver" EXACT [FMA:71657]
xref: VHOG:0000840
xref: FMA:71657 ! Parenchyma of right lobe of liver
xref: EHDAA2:0001010 ! liver right lobe parenchyma
xref: EMAPA:18317 ! parenchyma of right of lobe of liver
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001114

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005222
name: liver left lobe parenchyma
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a left lobe of liver [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "parenchyma of left lobe of liver" EXACT [FMA:71658]
xref: VHOG:0000839
xref: FMA:71658 ! Parenchyma of left lobe of liver
xref: EHDAA2:0001002 ! liver left lobe parenchyma
xref: EMAPA:18310 ! parenchyma of left of lobe of liver
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001115

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005223
name: pancreas body parenchyma
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a body of pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000837
xref: EHDAA2:0001370 ! pancreas body parenchyma
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001150

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005224
name: pancreas tail parenchyma
def: "A parenchyma that is part of a tail of pancreas [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000469
xref: EHDAA2:0001392 ! pancreas tail parenchyma
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001151

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005225
name: upper leg epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001041
xref: EHDAA2:0002131 ! upper leg epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17500 ! epithelium of upper leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003371 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic appendage bud ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005228
name: upper arm epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000990
xref: EHDAA2:0002113 ! upper arm epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17425 ! epithelium of upper arm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003822
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003372 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral appendage bud ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005229
name: lower leg epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001050
xref: EHDAA2:0001031 ! lower leg epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17497 ! epithelium of lower leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003371 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic appendage bud ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005230
name: obsolete fundus epithelium
comment: obsoleted due to confusion between ocular fundus and other types of fundus
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005233
name: medial-nasal process ectoderm
def: "An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000803
xref: EMAPA:16809 ! ectoderm of medial-nasal process
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000924
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004068
xref: EHDAA2:0001078 ! medial nasal process ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009204
name: medial nasal process mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004068 ! medial nasal prominence
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004068 {source="EHDAA2"} ! medial nasal prominence
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0001077 ! medial nasal process mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16810 ! mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a medial nasal prominence." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009205
name: lateral nasal process mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004067 ! lateral nasal prominence
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000917 ! lateral nasal process mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16807 ! mesenchyme of latero-nasal process
synonym: "mesenchyme of latero-nasal process" EXACT [EMAPA:16807]
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a lateral nasal prominence." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009206
name: lateral nasal process surface ectoderm
synonym: "ectoderm of latero-nasal process" EXACT [EMAPA:16806]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000924
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004067 ! lateral nasal prominence
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000918 ! lateral nasal process surface ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16806 ! ectoderm of latero-nasal process
def: "An ectoderm that is part of a lateral nasal prominence." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005234
name: optic eminence ectoderm
def: "An ectoderm that is part of a optic eminence [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0001105
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001309 ! optic eminence ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16323 ! ectoderm of optic eminence
xref: EHDAA:940 ! ectoderm of optic eminence
intersection_of: UBERON:0000924
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004348

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005241
name: obsolete apical ectodermal ridge forelimb
def: "A forelimb that is part of an apical ectodermal ridge [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
consider: VHOG:0001064
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005242
name: obsolete apical ectodermal ridge hindlimb
def: "A hindlimb that is part of an apical ectodermal ridge [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
consider: VHOG:0001066
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005243
name: interventricular septum endocardium
def: "An endocardium that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - split?
synonym: "endocardium of interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:83584]
xref: VHOG:0000615
xref: FMA:83584 ! Endocardium of interventricular septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0002165
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002094
xref: EHDAA2:0000886 ! muscular interventricular septum endocardium
xref: EHDAA2:0000887 ! membranous interventricular septum endocardium
synonym: "interventricular septum endocardial tissue" RELATED [VHOG:0000615]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005248
name: bulbus cordis myocardium
def: "A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000609
intersection_of: UBERON:0002349
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004706
synonym: "bulbus cordis cardiac muscle" RELATED [VHOG:0000609]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005249
name: metanephric renal pelvis
xref: VHOG:0000945 ! metanephros pelvis
synonym: "metanephros pelvis" EXACT [VHOG:0000945]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001224 ! renal pelvis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000081
property_value: homology_notes "The ureteric bud itself forms the collecting tubules and the ureter that drain the adult kidney. This type of kidney, called the metanephros, occurs in all adult amniotes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000945", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.639", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A renal pelvis that is part of a metanephros." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005250
name: stomatodeum gland
xref: VHOG:0000658
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000930
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "stomatodaeum gland" EXACT [VHOG:0000658]
def: "A gland that is part of a stomodeum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005251
name: yolk sac cavity
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a yolk sac [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: In mammals, the yolk sac cavity contains fluid rather than platelets[Kardong] AO notes: in EHDAA2, there are separate primary and secondary yolk sac cavities
synonym: "yolk sac lumen" EXACT []
synonym: "cavity of yolk sac" EXACT [FMA:63942]
xref: VHOG:0000843
xref: FMA:63942 ! Cavity of yolk sac
xref: EMAPA:16055 ! yolk sac cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005254
name: upper leg mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000506
xref: EHDAA2:0002132 ! upper leg mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17501 ! mesenchyme of upper leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005256
name: trunk mesenchyme
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: VHOG:0000281
xref: ZFA:0000081 ! trunk mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0002092 ! trunk mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16177 ! trunk mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:377 ! trunk mesenchyme
xref: EFO:0003485 ! trunk mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100
xref: TAO:0000081 ! trunk mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a trunk." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007683
name: lateral mesenchyme derived from mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0000905 ! lateral mesenchyme derived from mesoderm
xref: EMAPA:16409 ! lateral mesenchyme derived from mesoderm
xref: EFO:0003590 ! lateral mesenchyme derived from mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0005256 {source="ZFA"} ! trunk mesenchyme
xref: TAO:0000905 ! lateral mesenchyme derived from mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005257
name: manual digit mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "manual digital ray mesenchyme" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "anterior limb digital ray mesenchyme" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: In EHDAA2, the metacarpal cartilage condensation is considered part of the digits - it might be better to call the whole structure digital ray mesenchyme/condensation
xref: VHOG:0001416
xref: EHDAA2:0000407 ! digital region mesenchyme
synonym: "finger mesenchyme" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009523 ! mesenchyme of handplate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005258
name: upper arm mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000505
xref: EHDAA2:0002114 ! upper arm mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17426 ! mesenchyme of upper arm
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003822

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005259
name: lower leg mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000752
xref: EHDAA2:0001032 ! lower leg mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17498 ! mesenchyme of lower leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003823

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005261
name: atrium cardiac jelly
def: "A cardiac jelly that is part of an atrium [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000941
xref: EMAPA:16690 ! cardiac jelly of common atrial chamber of atrium
xref: EMAPA:16814 ! cardiac jelly of left part
xref: EMAPA:16821 ! cardiac jelly of right part
intersection_of: UBERON:0003906
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium
property_value: external_definition "Cardiac jelly that is part of the atrium. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000941", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005262
name: ventricle cardiac jelly
def: "A cardiac jelly that is part of a ventricle [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000943
intersection_of: UBERON:0003906
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
property_value: external_definition "Cardiac jelly that is part of the ventricle. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000943", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005263
name: outflow tract cardiac jelly
def: "A cardiac jelly that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000940
xref: EHDAA2:0001354 ! outflow tract cardiac jelly
xref: EMAPA:16230 ! cardiac jelly of outflow tract of primitive heart tube
xref: EMAPA:16347 ! cardiac jelly of outflow tract of heart
intersection_of: UBERON:0003906
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004145
property_value: external_definition "Cardiac jelly that is part of the outflow tract. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000940", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005264
name: obsolete midbrain neural fold
consider: VHOG:0000793
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005265
name: obsolete hindbrain neural fold
consider: VHOG:0001211
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005266
name: obsolete spinal cord neural fold
consider: VHOG:0000628
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005267
name: renal cortex collecting duct
def: "A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002600
intersection_of: UBERON:0001232
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001225
synonym: "kidney cortex collecting duct" EXACT [MA:0002600]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005268
name: renal cortex artery
def: "Artery that supplies renal cortex." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal cortex arterial system" RELATED [MA:0002582]
synonym: "renal cortex artery" EXACT [MA:0002582]
synonym: "kidney cortex artery" EXACT [MP:0011314]
xref: MA:0002582 ! renal cortex artery
xref: EMAPA:28035 ! arterial of developing vasculature of cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {source="MA"} ! cortex of kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005269
name: renal cortex vein
def: "Artery that receives blood from the renal cortex[MP, modified]" [MGI:csmith]
synonym: "renal cortex venous system" RELATED [MA:0002592]
synonym: "kidney cortex vein" RELATED [MP:0011322]
xref: MA:0002592 ! kidney cortex vein
xref: EMAPA:28152 ! renal cortical venous system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {source="MA"} ! cortex of kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005215
name: kidney interstitium
def: "The interstitium of the kidney comprises the extravascular intertubular spaces of the renal parenchyma, with their attendant cellular elements and extracellular substances. As we define it here, the interstitium is bounded on all sides by tubular and vascular basement membranes." [doi:10.1038/ki.1991.49]
xref: MA:0002616 ! kidney interstitium
xref: EMAPA:27690 ! renal interstitium
xref: FMA:70983 ! stroma of kidney
synonym: "renal interstitium" EXACT  [FMA:70983]
synonym: "renal stroma" EXACT  [FMA:70983]
is_a: UBERON:0003891 {source="FMA"} ! stroma
intersection_of: UBERON:0005169 ! interstitial tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
synonym: "stroma of kidney" EXACT [FMA:70983]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005211
name: renal medulla interstitium
def: "tissue surrounding the loop of Henle in the renal medulla.." [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_interstitium]
comment: Function notes: It functions in renal water reabsorption by building up a high hypertonicity, which draws water out of the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. This hypertonicity, in turn, is created by an efflux of urea from the inner medullary collecting duct. 
synonym: "kidney medulla interstitium" EXACT [MA:0002619]
synonym: "renal medullary interstitium" EXACT [EMAPA:18326]
xref: MA:0002619 ! kidney medulla interstitium
xref: EMAPA:18326 ! renal medullary interstitium
intersection_of: UBERON:0005169 ! interstitial tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000362 ! renal medulla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005215 {source="MA"} ! kidney interstitium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005270
name: renal cortex interstitium
def: "A portion of interstitial tissue that is part of a cortex of kidney [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney cortex interstitium" EXACT [MA:0002608]
synonym: "cortical stroma" RELATED [EMAPA:28136]
xref: MA:0002608 ! kidney cortex interstitium
xref: EMAPA:28136 ! renal cortical interstitium
intersection_of: UBERON:0005169 ! interstitial tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {source="MA"} ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005215 {source="MA"} ! kidney interstitium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003919
name: obsolete mesenchyme of adult kidney
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006373
name: perihilar interstitium
xref: MA:0002618 ! perihilar interstitium
xref: EMAPA:28083 ! perihilar interstitium
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001224 {source="MA"} ! renal pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005215 {source="MA"} ! kidney interstitium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005271
name: juxtamedullary cortex
def: "the part of the renal cortex nearest to the medulla." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/juxtamedullary+cortex]
synonym: "juxtamedullary cortex of kidney" EXACT [FMA:74288]
synonym: "inner cortex of kidney" EXACT [FMA:74288]
synonym: "inner renal cortex" EXACT [KUPO:0001008]
xref: MA:0001648 ! juxtamedullary cortex
xref: FMA:74288 ! inner cortex of kidney 
xref: KUPO:0001008 ! inner renal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {source="FMA", source="KUPO"} ! cortex of kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005272
name: peritubular capillary
def: "In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron. Ions and minerals that need to be saved in the body are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries through active transport, secondary active transport, or transcytosis. The ions that need to be excreted as waste are secreted from the capillaries into the nephron to be sent towards the bladder and out of the body. The majority of exchange through the peritubular capillaries occurs because of chemical gradients, osmosis and Na+ pumps[WP]." [Wikipedia:Peritubular_capillaries]
xref: MA:0002588 ! peritubular capillary
is_a: UBERON:0003527 ! kidney capillary
relationship: has_function_in GO:0070293 {source="Wikipedia"} ! renal reabsorption

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009564 ! distal limb integumentary appendage
name: distal limb integumentary appendage
comment: Consider classifying as something different from appendage
def: "A nail, hoof or claw." [PMID:11710767]
synonym: "unguis" RELATED []
xref: MESH:A13.491 ! hoof and claw
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009551 {source="cjm"} ! distal segment of digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009565
name: nail of manual digit
synonym: "finger nail" EXACT  [FMA:54327]
synonym: "fingernail" EXACT  [FMA:54327]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005276 {source="FMA"} ! dorsal skin of finger
xref: FMA:54327 ! nail of finger
synonym: "nail of finger" EXACT [FMA:54327]
xref: ncithesaurus:Fingernail ! Fingernail
xref: SCTID:244197001 ! Entire nail of finger
synonym: "nail plate of finger" RELATED [FMA:54327]
def: "A nail that is part of a manual digit." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009552 {source="reference_0000032"} ! distal segment of manual digit
xref: UMLS:C0222001

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011273
name: nail of manual digit 1
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
xref: EMAPA:18734 ! claw of digit 1 of fore-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 1 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18734]
synonym: "nail plate of thumb" EXACT  [FMA:54329]
synonym: "thumb nail" EXACT  [FMA:54329]
is_a: UBERON:0009565 {source="FMA"} ! nail of forelimb digit
xref: FMA:54329 ! nail of thumb
synonym: "nail of thumb" EXACT [FMA:54329]
xref: SCTID:181584008 ! Entire nail of thumb
def: "A nail that is part of a manual digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011274
name: nail of manual digit 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
xref: EMAPA:18735 ! claw of digit 2 of fore-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 2 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18735]
synonym: "index finger nail" EXACT  [FMA:54332]
synonym: "nail of second finger" EXACT  [FMA:54332]
synonym: "nail plate of index finger" EXACT  [FMA:54332]
is_a: UBERON:0009565 {source="FMA"} ! nail of forelimb digit
xref: FMA:54332 ! nail of index finger
synonym: "nail of index finger" EXACT [FMA:54332]
xref: SCTID:181580004 ! Entire nail of index finger
def: "A nail that is part of a manual digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011275
name: nail of manual digit 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
xref: EMAPA:18736 ! claw of digit 3 of fore-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 3 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18736]
synonym: "middle finger nail" EXACT  [FMA:54335]
synonym: "nail of third finger" EXACT  [FMA:54335]
synonym: "nail plate of middle finger" EXACT  [FMA:54335]
is_a: UBERON:0009565 {source="FMA"} ! nail of forelimb digit
xref: FMA:54335 ! nail of middle finger
synonym: "nail of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:54335]
xref: SCTID:181581000 ! Entire nail of middle finger
def: "A nail that is part of a manual digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011276
name: nail of manual digit 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
xref: EMAPA:18737 ! claw of digit 4 of fore-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 4 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18737]
synonym: "nail of fourth finger" EXACT  [FMA:54338]
synonym: "nail plate of ring finger" EXACT  [FMA:54338]
synonym: "ring finger nail" EXACT  [FMA:54338]
is_a: UBERON:0009565 {source="FMA"} ! nail of forelimb digit
xref: FMA:54338 ! nail of ring finger
synonym: "nail of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:54338]
xref: SCTID:181582007 ! Entire nail of ring finger
def: "A nail that is part of a manual digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011277
name: nail of manual digit 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003625 ! manual digit 5
xref: EMAPA:18738 ! claw of digit 5 of fore-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 5 of fore-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18738]
synonym: "little finger nail" EXACT  [FMA:54341]
synonym: "nail of fifth finger" EXACT  [FMA:54341]
synonym: "nail plate of little finger" EXACT  [FMA:54341]
is_a: UBERON:0009565 {source="FMA"} ! nail of forelimb digit
xref: FMA:54341 ! nail of little finger
xref: SCTID:181583002 ! Entire nail of little finger
synonym: "nail of little finger" RELATED [FMA:54341]
def: "A nail that is part of a manual digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009567
name: nail of pedal digit
synonym: "toe nail" EXACT  [FMA:54328]
synonym: "toenail" EXACT  [FMA:54328]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005277 {source="FMA"} ! dorsal skin of toe
xref: FMA:54328 ! nail of toe
synonym: "nail of toe" EXACT [FMA:54328]
xref: ncithesaurus:Toe_Nail ! Toenail
xref: SCTID:244198006 ! Entire nail of toe
synonym: "nail plate of toe" RELATED [FMA:54328]
def: "A nail that is part of a pedal digit." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009553 {source="reference_0000032"} ! distal segment of pedal digit
xref: UMLS:C0222007

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011278
name: nail of pedal digit 1
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003631 ! pedal digit 1
xref: EMAPA:18739 ! claw of digit 1 of hind-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 1 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18739]
synonym: "big toe nail" EXACT  [FMA:54344]
synonym: "nail of great toe" EXACT  [FMA:54344]
synonym: "nail plate of big toe" EXACT  [FMA:54344]
is_a: UBERON:0009567 {source="FMA"} ! nail of hindlimb digit
xref: FMA:54344 ! nail of big toe
synonym: "nail of big toe" EXACT [FMA:54344]
xref: SCTID:181592004 ! Entire nail of great toe
def: "A nail that is part of a pedal digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011279
name: nail of pedal digit 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003632 ! pedal digit 2
xref: EMAPA:18740 ! claw of digit 2 of hind-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 2 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18740]
synonym: "nail plate of second toe" EXACT  [FMA:54347]
synonym: "second toe nail" EXACT  [FMA:54347]
is_a: UBERON:0009567 {source="FMA"} ! nail of hindlimb digit
xref: FMA:54347 ! nail of second toe
synonym: "nail of second toe" EXACT [FMA:54347]
xref: SCTID:181593009 ! Entire nail of second toe
def: "A nail that is part of a pedal digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011280
name: nail of pedal digit 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003633 ! pedal digit 3
xref: EMAPA:18741 ! claw of digit 3 of hind-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 3 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18741]
synonym: "nail plate of third toe" EXACT  [FMA:54350]
synonym: "third toe nail" EXACT  [FMA:54350]
is_a: UBERON:0009567 {source="FMA"} ! nail of hindlimb digit
xref: FMA:54350 ! nail of third toe
synonym: "nail of third toe" EXACT [FMA:54350]
xref: SCTID:181594003 ! Entire nail of third toe
def: "A nail that is part of a pedal digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011281
name: nail of pedal digit 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003634 ! pedal digit 4
xref: EMAPA:18742 ! claw of digit 4 of hind-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 4 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18742]
synonym: "fourth toe nail" EXACT  [FMA:54353]
synonym: "nail plate of fourth toe" EXACT  [FMA:54353]
is_a: UBERON:0009567 {source="FMA"} ! nail of hindlimb digit
xref: FMA:54353 ! nail of fourth toe
synonym: "nail of fourth toe" EXACT [FMA:54353]
xref: SCTID:181595002 ! Entire nail of fourth toe
def: "A nail that is part of a pedal digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011282
name: nail of pedal digit 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0001705 ! nail
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003635 ! pedal digit 5
xref: EMAPA:18743 ! claw of digit 5 of hind-paw
synonym: "claw of digit 5 of hind-paw" EXACT [EMAPA:18743]
synonym: "little toe nail" EXACT  [FMA:54356]
synonym: "nail of fifth toe" EXACT  [FMA:54356]
synonym: "nail plate of little toe" EXACT  [FMA:54356]
is_a: UBERON:0009567 {source="FMA"} ! nail of hindlimb digit
xref: FMA:54356 ! nail of little toe
synonym: "nail of little toe" EXACT [FMA:54356]
xref: SCTID:181596001 ! Entire nail of fifth toe
def: "A nail that is part of a pedal digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001705
name: nail
def: "a horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)]
comment: TODO: check claw vs nail. A primate's nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "claw" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Claw]
synonym: "talon" RELATED []
xref: FMA:54326 ! Nail
xref: GAID:1320 ! nail
xref: MA:0002703 ! nail
xref: MAT:0000158 ! nail
xref: MIAA:0000158 ! nail
xref: XAO:0003103 ! claw
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Nail ! Nail
xref: EFO:0000956 ! nail
xref: galen:Nail ! nail
xref: VHOG:0001361 ! claw
xref: BTO:0001719 ! claw
xref: MESH:A17.600 ! nail
xref: EV:0100159 ! nail
is_a: UBERON:0009564 ! distal limb integumentary appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 {source="FMA"} ! epidermis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002097 {source="FMA"} ! skin of body
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011272 {source="Wikipathways:WP2062"} ! skin basal layer
xref: SCTID:72651009 ! Nail structure
xref: UMLS:C0027342

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008198 ! nail plate
name: nail plate
def: "The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3307500&group_id=36855&atid=440764, Wikipedia:Nail_plate, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/20]
comment: AO Notes: in FMA, the nail is the nail plate
xref: MA:0002708 ! nail plate
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001705 {source="MA"} ! nail
xref: ncithesaurus:Nail_Plate ! Nail Plate
xref: SCTID:372177002 ! Entire nail plate
synonym: "lamina unguis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nail_plate]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Fingernail_label.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002283
name: nail matrix
def: "Portion of tissue (or germinal matrix) upon which the nail rests, the part of the nail bed that extends beneath the nail root and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels. The matrix is responsible for the production of the cells that become the nail plate. The width and thickness of the nail plate is determined by the size, length, and thickness of the matrix, while the shape of the fingertip itself determines if the nail plate is flat, arched, or hooked. The matrix will continue to grow as long as it receives nutrition and remains in a healthy condition. As new nail plate cells are incubated, they emerge from the matrix round and white to push older nail plate cells forward; and in this way yet older cells become compressed, flat, and translucent, making the pink colour of the capillaries in the nail bed below visible[WP]." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "onychostroma" EXACT [Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)#Parts_of_the_nail]
synonym: "matrix unguis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)#Parts_of_the_nail]
synonym: "keratogenous membrane" EXACT [Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)#Parts_of_the_nail]
xref: FMA:77856 ! Nail matrix
xref: MA:0002707 ! nail matrix
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001705 ! nail

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004105
name: subungual region
def: "Region beneath a nail or claw." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Consider merging with nailbed
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001705 ! nail
property_value: has_relational_adjective "subungual" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005273 ! nail bed
name: nail bed
def: "Region of skin beneath the nail plate[WP]." [UBERON:gvg]
synonym: "nailbed" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002706 ! nail bed
xref: VHOG:0001362 ! nail bed
xref: EV:0100158 ! nail bed
is_a: UBERON:0005275 ! dorsal skin of digit
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0008198 ! nail plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001705 {source="MA"} ! nail
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004105 ! subungual region
xref: SCTID:181578005 ! Entire nail bed

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005278
name: nail bed of finger
def: "A nail bed that is part of a manual digit." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:60348 ! nail bed of finger
synonym: "nail bed of finger" EXACT [FMA:60348]
is_a: UBERON:0005276 ! dorsal skin of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0005273 ! nail bed
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
xref: SCTID:244199003 ! Nail bed of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005279
name: nail bed of toe
def: "A nail bed that is part of a pedal digit." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:60529 ! nail bed of toe
synonym: "nail bed of toe" EXACT [FMA:60529]
is_a: UBERON:0005277 ! dorsal skin of toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0005273 ! nail bed
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
xref: SCTID:244200000 ! Nail bed of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005274
name: proximal nail bed
xref: MA:0002709 ! proximal nail bed
is_a: UBERON:0005275 ! dorsal skin of digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001705 {source="MA"} ! nail

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002284
name: hyponychium
def: "Epithelium located beneath the nail plate at the junction between the free edge and the skin of the fingertip. It forms a seal that protects the nail bed." [Wikipedia:Hyponychium]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77860 ! Hyponychium
xref: MA:0002705 ! hyponychium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001705 ! nail
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
xref: SCTID:300918002 ! Entire hyponychium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004882 ! eponychium
name: eponychium
def: "Thickened layer of skin surrounding fingernails and toenails. Beneath the cuticle is a thin layer of a membrane known as the pterygium. The function is to protect the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to harmful bacteria. The vascularization pattern is similar to that of perionychium. The eponychium is the end of the proximal fold that folds back upon itself to shed an epidermal layer of skin onto the newly formed nail plate. This layer of non-living, almost invisible skin is the cuticle that 'rides out' on the surface of the nail plate. Together, the eponychium and the cuticle form a protective seal. The cuticle on the nail plate is dead cells and is often removed during manicure, but the eponychium is living cells and should not be touched.[6] The perionyx is the projecting edge of the eponychium covering the proximal strip of the lunula[WP]." [Wikipedia:Eponychium]
xref: FMA:77859 ! Eponychium
xref: MA:0002704 ! cuticle
synonym: "cuticle" RELATED [MA:0002704]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Fingernail_label.jpg/200px-Fingernail_label.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001705 ! nail
xref: SCTID:24631007 ! Eponychium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Fingernail_label.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011190
name: lunule of nail
def: "A crescent-shaped whitish area of the bed of a fingernail or toenail. The lunula is the visible part of the nail matrix (i.e. the root of the nail)." [Wikipedia:unula_(anatomy)]
synonym: "nail lunule" EXACT  [FMA:77858]
synonym: "lunula" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001705 ! nail
xref: FMA:77858 ! lunule of nail
xref: SCTID:300538005 ! Entire lunula
xref: ncithesaurus:Lunula ! lunula
xref: UMLS:C0221991

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008963
name: hoof
def: "The tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, strengthened by a thick horny (keratin) covering. The hoof consists of a hard or rubbery sole, and a hard wall formed by a thick nail rolled around the tip of the toe. The weight of the animal is normally borne by both the sole and the edge of the hoof wall. Hooves grow continuously, and are constantly worn down by use." [Wikipedia:Hoof]
comment: The hoof is the integument of the foot. Like skin, the integument of the foot has three layers, namely the epidermis, dermis, and SC tissue.
is_a: UBERON:0009564 ! distal limb integumentary appendage
xref: BTO:0003994 ! hoof
xref: SCTID:410026002 ! Entire hoof

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010759
name: equine distal sesamoid
def: "lies on the palmar aspect of the coffin joint between the second phalanx and third phalanx. articulates closely with the distal phalanx, to which it is connected by the impar ligament of the navicular bone. The impar ligament is very strong and permits relatively little motion between the navicular bone and the distal phalanx." [Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_sesamoid, Wikipedia:Navicular_bone#Horse_anatomy]
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9788 ! Equidae
synonym: "navicular bone" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_sesamoid]
xref: SCTID:370654009 ! Distal sesamoid of equine limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012334
name: navicular bursa
def: "A fluid-filled sac that lies between the navicular bone and the deep digital flexor muscle" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/navicular+bursa]
synonym: "bursa podotrochlearis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003668 ! synovial bursa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9788 ! Equidae
xref: SCTID:370660009 ! Navicular bursa of equine foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012335
name: navicular bursa of manus
synonym: "bursa podotrochlearis manus" EXACT [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bursa+podotrochlearis+manus]
synonym: "navicular bursa of forelimb" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012334 ! navicular bursa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: SCTID:370736002 ! Navicular bursa of equine forefoot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012343
name: navicular bursa of pes
synonym: "bursa podotrochlearis pes" EXACT []
synonym: "navicular bursa of hindlimb" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012334 ! navicular bursa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012263 ! equine cannon bone
name: equine cannon bone
def: "The bone in a horse that is the equivalent of the 3rd metacarpal bone in other mammals." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Metacarpal_bones]
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9788 ! Equidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012264
name: equine forelimb cannon bone
is_a: UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0012263 ! equine cannon bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 {source="reference_0000032"} ! manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012265
name: equine hindlimb cannon bone
is_a: UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0012263 ! equine cannon bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012267 ! equine splint bone
name: equine splint bone
def: "The splint bones sit either side of the cannon bone. Homologous to metapodium bones 2 or 4" []
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metapodium bone
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0012263 ! equine cannon bone
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9788 ! Equidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012268
name: equine forelimb splint bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0012267 ! equine splint bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 {source="reference_0000032"} ! manus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012269
name: equine hindlimb splint bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0012267 ! equine splint bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009554
name: coffin bone
def: "the bottommost bone in the equine leg and is encased by the hoof capsule. The distal phalanx articulates with both the middle phalanx and the distal sesamoid, forming the distal interphalangeal joint " [Wikipedia:Coffin_bone]
synonym: "pedal bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Coffin_bone, Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_phalanx]
synonym: "equine distal phalanx" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006050 ! digit 3
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9788 ! Equidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009555
name: short pastern bone
def: "." [Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Middle_phalanx]
synonym: "equine middle phalanx" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009563 ! pastern region of limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009556
name: long pastern bone
def: "." [Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Proximal_phalanx]
synonym: "equine proximal phalanx" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009563 ! pastern region of limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009557
name: coffin joint
synonym: "equine distal interphalangeal joint" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: SCTID:196392002 ! Coffin joint
is_a: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009563 ! pastern region of limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009558 ! pastern bone
name: pastern bone
def: "A bone that is part of the pastern region of a horse limb." [Wikipedia:Pastern]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009563 ! pastern region of limb
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Equine-dist-forelimb-bones.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009563 ! pastern region of limb
name: pastern region of limb
def: "a part of the leg of a horse between the fetlock and the top of the hoof. It incorporates the long pastern bone (proximal phalanx) and the short pastern bone (middle phalanx), which are held together by two sets of paired ligaments to form the pastern joint (proximal interphalangeal joint)" [Wikipedia:Pastern]
comment: note that digit is used very generically in uberon, to include the homologous region in ungulates. Taxon notes: Anatomically homologous to the two largest bones found in the human finger
xref: SCTID:370725009 ! Pastern region of equine limb
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006050 ! digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009551 ! distal segment of digit
name: distal segment of digit
def: "A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium)." [doi:10.1038/nature10346]
comment: Newborn and adult mice are able to regrow forelimb (finger) and hindlimb (toe) digit tips after their amputation through the distal interphalangeal joint. Regeneration of the digit tip involves the integrated regrowth of multiple tissues within 2–3 months, reaching an external morphology that is cosmetically and functionally similar to normal digits. Most importantly, regeneration of the mouse distal digit shares morphological similarities with clinical cases documenting regrowth of missing distal portions of fingers in both children and adults
synonym: "digit tip" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "tip of digit" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "distal digit segment" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002544 ! digit
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0006658 {source="cjm"} ! inter-phalangeal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009552
alt_id: UBERON:0004093
name: distal segment of manual digit
def: "." [HP:0001211]
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjpf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! fingertip
synonym: "tip of finger" EXACT [SCTID:312543003]
synonym: "fingertip" EXACT [HP:0001211]
synonym: "finger digit tip" EXACT [doi:10.1038/nature10346]
synonym: "forelimb digit tip" EXACT [doi:10.1038/nature10346]
synonym: "finger tip" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "finger distal segment" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
comment: in SNOMED this is a surface region. Here we intend it to be the entire distal segment
is_a: UBERON:0005451 ! segment of manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0009551 ! distal segment of digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
xref: SCTID:312543003 ! Tip of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009553
name: distal segment of pedal digit
synonym: "tip of toe" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "toe distal segment" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "toe digit tip" EXACT [doi:10.1038/nature10346]
synonym: "hindlimb digit tip" EXACT [doi:10.1038/nature10346]
is_a: UBERON:0005445 ! segment of pes
intersection_of: UBERON:0009551 ! distal segment of digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
def: "A distal segment of digit that is part of a pedal digit." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005275 ! dorsal skin of digit
name: dorsal skin of digit
synonym: "skin of dorsal part of digit" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal digit skin" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002544 ! digit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005276
name: dorsal skin of finger
comment: this class is explicitly the union of the two FMA classes
synonym: "skin of dorsal part of finger" EXACT [FMA:38320]
synonym: "dorsal finger skin" EXACT []
synonym: "subdivision of skin of dorsal part of finger" EXACT [FMA:60346]
xref: FMA:60346 ! Subdivision of skin of dorsal part of finger
xref: FMA:38320 ! skin of dorsal part of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0005275 ! dorsal skin of digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
def: "A dorsal skin of digit that is part of a manual digit." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005277
name: dorsal skin of toe
comment: this class is explicitly the union of the two FMA classes
synonym: "skin of dorsal part of toe" EXACT [FMA:37868]
synonym: "dorsal toe skin" EXACT []
synonym: "subdivision of skin of dorsal part of toe" EXACT [FMA:60523]
xref: FMA:37868 ! skin of dorsal part of toe
xref: FMA:60523 ! Subdivision of skin of dorsal part of toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0005275 ! dorsal skin of digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
def: "A dorsal skin of digit that is part of a pedal digit." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005308
name: nephrostome
def: "The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity[GO]." [GO:0039018]
xref: XAO:0000062 ! nephrostome
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: AAO:0011069 ! nephrostome

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005309 ! pronephric nephron
name: pronephric nephron
def: "A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros[GO]." [GO:0039019]
xref: XAO:0000285 ! pronephric nephron
intersection_of: UBERON:0001285 ! nephron
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: AAO:0011091 ! pronephric nephron
property_value: external_definition "The structure that is the basic functional unit of the pronephros.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0011091", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="UBERON:0005309"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006173
name: pronephric proximal tubule
def: "A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros" [GO:0039011]
synonym: "pronephros proximal tubule" EXACT [GO:0039011]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004134 ! proximal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005309 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005310
name: pronephric nephron tubule
def: "The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO]." [GO:0039020]
synonym: "pronephric tubule" EXACT [ZFA:0001558]
xref: ZFA:0001558 ! pronephric tubule
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0001231 ! nephron tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005309 ! pronephric nephron
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005309 {source="GO"} ! pronephric nephron
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:32524 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! Amniota
xref: XAO:0004105 ! pronephric tubule
xref: TAO:0001558 ! pronephric tubule
property_value: external_definition "Bilaterally paired tubes connecting the pronephric glomeruli to the pronephric ducts. In zebrafish and other teleosts, the pronephric nephron and tubules form after the pronephric duct, connecting to the anterior-most tip of the pronephric ducts. Drummond, 2000.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001558", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005312
name: primary ureteric bud
def: "." [GO:0060682]
is_a: UBERON:0000084 ! ureteric bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005313
name: mammary duct terminal end bud
def: "." [GO:0060763]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001765 ! lactiferous duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005316
name: endocardial endothelium
def: "The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]." [GO:0061147]
synonym: "endocardium endothelium" EXACT  [FMA:83596]
is_a: UBERON:0001986 {source="FMA"} ! endothelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002165 {source="FMA"} ! endocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
xref: FMA:83596 ! endothelium of endocardium
synonym: "endothelium of endocardium" EXACT [FMA:83596]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005317
name: pulmonary artery endothelium
def: "An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]." [GO:0061155]
synonym: "pulmonary artery endothelial tube" EXACT [GO:0061155]
xref: BTO:0000137 ! pulmonary artery endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002012 ! pulmonary artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005319
name: mesonephric collecting duct
def: "The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO]." [GO:0061211]
xref: XAO:0000151 ! mesonephric collecting duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0001232 ! collecting duct of renal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
xref: AAO:0010390 ! mesonephric collecting duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005320
name: mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus
def: "The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]." [GO:0061212]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002303 ! juxtaglomerular apparatus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005321
name: mesonephric smooth muscle tissue
def: "." [GO:0061214]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005323 ! mesonephric mesenchyme
name: mesonephric mesenchyme
def: "Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros[GO]." [GO:0061219]
xref: EMAPA:27585 ! mesonephric mesenchyme of mesonephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:27661 ! mesonephric mesenchyme of mesonephros of reproductive system
xref: XAO:0000291 ! mesonephric mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
xref: AAO:0011062 ! mesonephric mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001132 ! mesonephros mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005324
name: mesonephric macula densa
def: "The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]." [GO:0061220]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002335 ! macula densa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005320 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005325
name: mesonephric glomerulus
def: "The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros[GO]." [GO:0061224]
comment: AN notes: XAO/AAO class belongs here, as it refers to mesonephric structure
xref: EMAPA:30568 ! mesonephric glomerulus of cranial mesonephric tubule of mesonephric tubule of mesonephros of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:30580 ! mesonephric glomerulus of cranial mesonephric tubule of mesonephric tubule of mesonephros of reproductive system
xref: VHOG:0001238 ! mesonephric glomerulus
xref: AAO:0010388 ! glomerulus
xref: XAO:0000146 ! glomerulus
synonym: "glomerulus" BROAD SENSU [AAO:0010388]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
property_value: external_definition "A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010388", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
xref: SCTID:362217000 ! Entire glomerulus (also: UBERON:0000074 'renal glomerulus') (also: UBERON:0005749 'glomerular tuft')
property_value: homology_notes "In animals in which the mesonephros is the terminal kidney, such as amphibians and fish, the final organ is very complex, containing a large number of nephrons, most of which have an internal glomerulus.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001238", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0127224411 Vize PD\, Woolf AS\, Bard JBL\, The kidney: From normal development to congenital disease (2003) p.3", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005326
name: mesonephric glomerulus vasculature
def: "The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus[GO]." [GO:0061231]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004190 ! glomerulus vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005325 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005327
name: mesonephric glomerular epithelium
def: "A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros[GO]." [GO:0061232]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004188 ! glomerular epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005325 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005328
name: mesonephric comma-shaped body
def: "The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]." [GO:0061236]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004198 ! comma-shaped body
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005329
name: mesonephric nephron tubule
def: "A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO]." [GO:0061240]
synonym: "mesonephric renal tubule" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0001231 ! nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005330
name: mesonephric nephron epithelium
def: "The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]." [GO:0061241]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004211 ! nephron epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005332
name: mesonephric S-shaped body
def: "The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros[GO]." [GO:0061244]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004199 ! S-shaped body
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005342 ! malleus head
name: malleus head
def: "rounded portion of the malleus that articulates with the body of the incus[MP]." [MP:0008379]
synonym: "head of malleus" EXACT [FMA:52761]
xref: FMA:52761 ! head of malleus
xref: MA:0002987 ! malleus head
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus
xref: SCTID:368926004 ! Entire head of malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005344
name: peritoneal vaginal process
def: "A peritoneal diverticulum in the embryonic lower anterior abdominal wall that traverses the inguinal canal. In the male it forms the tunica vaginalis testis and normally loses its connection with the peritoneal cavity; a persistent processus vaginalis in the female is known as the canal of Nuck[MP]." [MP:0009218, Wikipedia:Processus_vaginalis]
synonym: "processus vaginalis peritonei" RELATED PLURAL [MP:0009218]
synonym: "processus vaginalis peritoneus" EXACT [MP:0009218]
synonym: "vaginal process of peritoneum" EXACT [MP:0009218]
synonym: "vaginal process of testis" RELATED [MP:0009218]
synonym: "peritoneal diverticulum" RELATED []
synonym: "vaginal process of the peritoneum" RELATED []
synonym: "vaginal process of peritoneum" RELATED []
synonym: "saccus vaginalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Processus_vaginalis]
synonym: "vaginal process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Processus_vaginalis]
synonym: "processus vaginalis peritonei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Processus_vaginalis]
synonym: "processus vaginalis peritonei masculinus" NARROW LATIN [Wikipedia:Processus_vaginalis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mesorchium.svg/200px-Mesorchium.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Mesorchium.svg
xref: SCTID:362726001 ! Entire processus vaginalis peritonei

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005347
name: copula pyramidis
def: ".[MP]." [MP:0010000]
xref: ABA:COPY ! Copula pyramidis
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004003 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005348 {source="ABA"} ! ansiform lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001063 {source="ABA"} ! flocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005351 {source="ABA"} ! paraflocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005349 {source="ABA"} ! paramedian lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005350 {source="ABA"} ! lobule simplex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005348 ! ansiform lobule
name: ansiform lobule
def: ".[MP]." [MP:0010001]
synonym: "ansiform lobule of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72257]
synonym: "ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a]" EXACT [FMA:72257]
synonym: "semilunar lobules of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72257]
xref: FMA:72257 ! ansiform lobule of cerebellum
xref: ABA:AN ! Ansiform lobule
is_a: UBERON:0004003 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005347 {source="ABA"} ! copula pyramidis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001063 {source="ABA"} ! flocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005351 {source="ABA"} ! paraflocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005349 {source="ABA"} ! paramedian lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005350 {source="ABA"} ! lobule simplex
synonym: "lobuli semilunares cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72257]
synonym: "lobulus ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72257]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005349
name: paramedian lobule
def: ".[MP]." [MP:0010004]
synonym: "gracile lobule" EXACT [FMA:72523]
synonym: "paramedian lobule [H VII B]" EXACT [FMA:72523]
synonym: "hemispheric lobule VIIBii" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210]
synonym: "lobulus gracilis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210]
synonym: "lobulus paramedianus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210]
synonym: "paramedian 1 (hvii)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210]
xref: FMA:72523 ! gracile lobule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081210 ! Hemispheric Lobule VIIBii
xref: ABA:PRM ! Paramedian lobule
is_a: UBERON:0004003 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005348 {source="ABA"} ! ansiform lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005347 {source="ABA"} ! copula pyramidis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001063 {source="ABA"} ! flocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005351 {source="ABA"} ! paraflocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005350 {source="ABA"} ! lobule simplex
synonym: "lobulus paramedianus [h vii b]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72523]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005350
name: lobule simplex
def: ".[MP]." [MP:0010005]
synonym: "hemispheric lobule VI" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206]
synonym: "simple lobule of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72522]
synonym: "simple lobule" EXACT [MP:0010005]
synonym: "lobule h vi of larsell" EXACT [FMA:72522]
synonym: "posterior crescentic lobule of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72522]
synonym: "semilunar lobule-1 (posterior)" EXACT [FMA:72522]
synonym: "simple lobule of cerebellum [h vi and vi]" EXACT [FMA:72522]
synonym: "lobulus quadrangularis posterior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206]
synonym: "lobulus simplex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206]
synonym: "simplex (hvi)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206]
synonym: "simplex lobule" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206]
xref: FMA:72522 ! simple lobule of cerebellum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081206 ! Hemispheric Lobule VI
xref: ABA:SIM ! Simple lobule
is_a: UBERON:0004003 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005348 {source="ABA"} ! ansiform lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005347 {source="ABA"} ! copula pyramidis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001063 {source="ABA"} ! flocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005351 {source="ABA"} ! paraflocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005349 {source="ABA"} ! paramedian lobule
synonym: "lobulus simplex cerebelli [h vi et vi]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72522]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005351
name: paraflocculus
def: ".[MP]." [MP:0010007]
synonym: "hemispheric lobule IX" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212]
synonym: "paraflocculus of cerebellum " EXACT [FMA:83885]
synonym: "paraflocculus of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:83885]
synonym: "neuraxis paraflocculus" EXACT [FMA:83885]
synonym: "cerebellar tonsil" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212]
synonym: "tonsil (HXI)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212]
synonym: "tonsilla" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212]
xref: FMA:83885 ! paraflocculus of cerebellum 
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081212 ! Hemispheric Lobule IX
xref: ABA:PFL ! Paraflocculus
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002245 ! hemisphere of cerebellum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005348 {source="ABA"} ! ansiform lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005347 {source="ABA"} ! copula pyramidis
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001063 {source="ABA"} ! flocculus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005349 {source="ABA"} ! paramedian lobule
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0005350 {source="ABA"} ! lobule simplex
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002372 ! tonsil
xref: SCTID:314174005 ! Entire cerebellar tonsil
xref: SCTID:51969002 ! Paraflocculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005352 ! spermatic cord
name: spermatic cord
def: "The cord-like structure in males comprising the vas deferens and associated tissue that runs from the abdomen down to each testis[MP]." [MP:0010145, Wikipedia:Spermatic_cord]
synonym: "funiculus spermaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spermatic_cord]
synonym: "spermatic chord" RELATED []
xref: FMA:19937 ! spermatic cord
xref: GAID:395
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_anatomy.png/200px-Male_anatomy.png
xref: MESH:A05.360.444.777 ! spermatic cord
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004054 ! internal male genitalia
xref: ncithesaurus:Spermatic_Cord ! Spermatic Cord
xref: SCTID:181433005 ! Entire spermatic cord
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Male_anatomy.png
xref: UMLS:C0037855

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005354
name: malleus processus brevis
def: "the projection extending from the base of the manubrium of the malleus which contacts the upper part of the tympanic membrane where the tympanic cavity makes a deep pocket (epitympanic pocket) surrounding the cartilaginous nodule[MP]." [MP:0010324]
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005355 ! malleus neck
name: malleus neck
def: "the narrow contracted section of the malleus located between the head and the manubrium[MP]." [MP:0010327, Wikipedia:Neck_of_malleus]
synonym: "neck of malleus" EXACT [FMA:52762]
xref: FMA:52762 ! neck of malleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray916.png/200px-Gray916.png
xref: MA:0002988 ! malleus neck
is_a: UBERON:0001560 ! neck of organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus
xref: SCTID:368927008 ! Entire neck of malleus
synonym: "collum mallei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neck_of_malleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Gray916.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005403
name: ventral striatum
def: "The ventral striatum is a portion of the striatum. It consists of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle. Some sources also include the ventromedial parts of the caudate nucleus and putamen. It is considered a reward center." [Wikipedia:Ventral_striatum]
xref: FMA:77614 ! Ventral striatum
xref: MA:0002972 ! ventral striatum
xref: BTO:0004702 ! ventral striatum
xref: EFO:0001936 ! ventral striatum
xref: ABA:STRv ! Striatum ventral region
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002435 ! striatum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005405
name: pararenal fat
def: "The paranephric body (or paranephric fat or pararenal fat) is collection of adipose tissue located superficial to the renal fascia. The perirenal fat, or adipose capsule of kidney, is deep to the renal fascia but superficial to the renal capsule." [Wikipedia:Paranephric_body]
comment: TODO - split paranephric / pararenal
synonym: "paranephric body" RELATED [Wikipedia:Paranephric_body]
synonym: "paranephric fat" RELATED [MA:0002974]
synonym: "pararenal fascia" RELATED [MA:0002974]
synonym: "pararenal fat body" RELATED [MA:0002974]
synonym: "pararenal fascia" EXACT [FMA:20503]
xref: FMA:20503 ! Pararenal fat
xref: FMA:74280 ! Paranephric fat
xref: MA:0002974 ! pararenal fat
is_a: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
synonym: "corpus adiposum pararenale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Paranephric_body]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Gray1125.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005406
name: perirenal fat
def: "The adipose capsule of kidney (or perinephric fat or perirenal fat) is a structure between the renal fascia and renal capsule, and may be regarded as a part of the latter. A different structure, the pararenal fat, is the adipose tissue superficial to the renal fascia." [Wikipedia:Adipose_capsule_of_kidney]
comment: TODO - split perinephric / perirenal
synonym: "adipose capsule of kidney" RELATED [MA:0002975]
synonym: "fatty capsule of kidney" RELATED [MA:0002975]
synonym: "perinephric fat" RELATED [MA:0002975]
synonym: "periphrenic fascia" RELATED [MA:0002975]
synonym: "perirenal fascia" RELATED [MA:0002975]
synonym: "perirenal fat capsule" RELATED ATTRIBUTION_REQUIRED [MA:0002975]
synonym: "perirenal fascia" EXACT [FMA:20502]
xref: FMA:20502 ! Perirenal fat
xref: FMA:15876 ! Perirenal fat capsule
xref: MA:0002975 ! perirenal fat
is_a: UBERON:0001013 ! adipose tissue
xref: SCTID:246901006 ! Entire perirenal fat
synonym: "capsula adiposa renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Adipose_capsule_of_kidney]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Illu_kidney.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005408 ! circumventricular organ
name: circumventricular organ
def: "Brain region located around or in relation to the ventricular system that is highly vascularized and distinguished by the lack of a blood brain barrier." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090312, Wikipedia:Circumventricular_organs]
comment: AO notes: MA subdivides into sensory and secretory
synonym: "CVO" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090312]
synonym: "circumventricular organ" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090312]
xref: MA:0002942 ! circumventricular organ
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090312 ! Circumventricular organ
xref: FMA:84081 ! Circumventricular organ of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray734.png
synonym: "circumventricular organ of neuraxis" EXACT [FMA:84081]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010134
name: secretory circumventricular organ
is_a: UBERON:0010133 {source="MA"} ! neuroendocrine gland
is_a: UBERON:0005408 {source="MA"} ! circumventricular organ
xref: MA:0002943 ! secretory circumventricular organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010135
name: sensory circumventricular organ
is_a: UBERON:0005408 {source="MA"} ! circumventricular organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001032 ! sensory system
xref: MA:0002944 ! sensory circumventricular organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005430
name: ansa cervicalis
def: "The ansa cervicalis (or ansa hypoglossi in older literature) is a loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus. It lies superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath. Branches from the ansa cervicalis innervate three of the four infrahyoid muscles, including the sternohyoid muscle, the sternothyroid muscle, and the omohyoid muscle." [Wikipedia:Ansa_cervicalis]
synonym: "ansa hypoglossi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ansa_cervicalis]
xref: FMA:55142 ! Ansa cervicalis
xref: EHDAA2:0000124 ! ansa cervicalis
xref: EHDAA:6669 ! ansa cervicalis
is_a: UBERON:0001147 ! trunk of peripheral nerve
xref: SCTID:362474000 ! Entire ansa cervicalis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray795.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002458
name: spinal artery
def: "Arteries that supply the spinal cord." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Spinal_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "spinal arteries" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000682]
xref: EHDAA:4355 ! spinal artery
xref: MA:0002043 ! spinal artery
xref: ZFA:0000682 ! spinal artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Artery ! Spinal Artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001890 ! spinal artery
xref: EMAPA:18241 ! spinal artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:244228006 ! Spinal artery
xref: TAO:0000682 ! spinal artery
xref: UMLS:C0447043

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005431
name: anterior spinal artery
def: "In human anatomy, the anterior spinal artery is the blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord." [Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery]
synonym: "anterior spinal arteries" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery]
synonym: "arteria spinalis anterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery]
synonym: "ventral artery of the spinal cord" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery]
synonym: "anterior medial spinal artery" EXACT [FMA:50531]
synonym: "ventral spinal artery" EXACT [FMA:50531]
xref: FMA:50531 ! Anterior spinal artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000131 ! anterior spinal artery
xref: EMAPA:18242 ! anterior of spinal artery
xref: EHDAA:6382 ! anterior spinal artery
is_a: UBERON:0002458 ! spinal artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004571 ! systemic arterial system
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001535 ! vertebral artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005599 {source="EHDAA2"} ! common dorsal aorta
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Spinal_Artery ! Anterior Spinal Artery
xref: SCTID:181329004 ! Entire anterior spinal artery
synonym: "arteria spinalis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Anterior_spinal_cord_-_very_low_mag.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0149603

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007146
name: posterior spinal artery
def: "The posterior spinal artery (dorsal spinal artery) arises from the vertebral artery, adjacent to the medulla oblongata." [Wikipedia:Posterior_spinal_artery]
synonym: "dorsal spinal artery" EXACT [FMA:50522]
xref: FMA:50522 ! Posterior spinal artery
xref: EMAPA:18243 ! posterior spinal artery
is_a: UBERON:0002458 ! spinal artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001535 {source="EHDAA2"} ! vertebral artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Spinal_Artery ! Posterior Spinal Artery
xref: SCTID:181330009 ! Entire posterior spinal artery
xref: UMLS:C0226233

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005432
name: aortic sac
def: "the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+sac]
xref: FMA:71008 ! Aortic sac
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000133 ! aortic sac
xref: EHDAA:9826 ! aortic sac
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="EHDAA2"} ! artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004363 {source="EHDAA2"} ! aortic arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004145 ! outflow tract
xref: SCTID:361527005 ! Aortic sac
xref: EHDAA2:0004145 ! aortic sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005433
name: autonomic peripheral nervous system
comment: TODO - check ANS, PNS
synonym: "autonomic division of peripheral nervous system" EXACT [FMA:65553]
synonym: "autonomic part of peripheral nervous system" EXACT [FMA:65553]
synonym: "peripheral autonomic nervous system" EXACT [FMA:65553]
synonym: "peripheral part of autonomic nervous system" EXACT [FMA:65553]
xref: FMA:65553 ! Peripheral part of autonomic nervous system
xref: EHDAA2:0000158 ! autonomic peripheral nervous system
xref: EMAPA:16984 ! autonomic (also: UBERON:0002410 'autonomic nervous system')
xref: MESH:A08.800.050 ! autonomic nervous system (also: UBERON:0002410 'autonomic nervous system')
xref: EHDAA:3767 ! autonomic (also: UBERON:0002410 'autonomic nervous system')
is_a: UBERON:0011216 {source="cjm"} ! organ system subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002410 ! autonomic nervous system
synonym: "pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:65553]
synonym: "divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:65553]
xref: SCTID:429921001 ! Structure of peripheral part of autonomic nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005435
name: cisterna chyli
def: "The cisterna chyli (or cysterna chyli, and etymologically more correct, receptaculum chyli) is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow." [Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli]
synonym: "chyle cistern" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli]
synonym: "cysterna chyli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli]
synonym: "Atypical confluence of lymph trunks" EXACT [FMA:5835]
synonym: "Chyle cistern" EXACT [FMA:5835]
synonym: "Cistern of Pecquet" EXACT [FMA:5835]
xref: FMA:5835 ! Cisterna chyli
xref: EHDAA2:0000253 ! cisterna chyli
xref: EHDAA:8679 ! cisterna chyli
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002465 ! lymphoid system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001631 ! thoracic duct
xref: ncithesaurus:Chyle_Cistern ! Chyle Cistern
xref: SCTID:279088007 ! Entire cisterna chyli
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray599.png
xref: UMLS:C0008840

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005436
name: common hepatic artery
def: "In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:" [Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery]
synonym: "common hepatic" RELATED [Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery]
xref: FMA:14771 ! Common hepatic artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000308 ! common hepatic artery
xref: EHDAA:8570 ! common hepatic artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001640 ! celiac artery
xref: galen:CommonHepaticArtery
xref: SCTID:244263001 ! Entire common hepatic artery
synonym: "arteria hepatica communis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005437
name: conus medullaris
def: "The conus medullaris is the terminal end of the spinal cord. It occurs near lumbar vertebral levels 1 (L1) and 2 (L2). After the spinal cord tapers out, the spinal nerves continue as dangling nerve roots called cauda equina. This terminal nerve root tail is referred to as the filum terminale. The upper end of the conus medullaris is usually not well defined." [Wikipedia:Conus_medullaris]
synonym: "medullary cone" EXACT []
synonym: "termination of the spinal cord" RELATED []
xref: FMA:74897 ! Conus medullaris
xref: EHDAA2:0000315 ! conus medullaris
xref: EMAPA:18219 ! conus medullaris
xref: VHOG:0000546 ! conus medullaris
xref: EHDAA:6684 ! conus medullaris
is_a: UBERON:0005844 ! spinal cord segment
xref: ncithesaurus:Conus_Medullaris ! Conus Medullaris
xref: SCTID:315472009 ! Entire conus medullaris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Gray662.png
property_value: external_definition "The conical end of the spinal cord, which continues with the filum terminale. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000546", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0149601

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005438
name: coronary sinus
def: "The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium of the heart. It is present in humans and other animals. The coronary sinus opens into the right atrium, between the inferior vena cava and the auriculo-ventricular opening. It returns the blood from the substance of the heart, and is protected by a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the auricle, the coronary valve. (valve of Thebesius). The sinus, before entering the auricle, is considerably dilated - nearly to the size of the end of the little finger. Its wall is partly muscular, and at its junction with the great coronary vein is somewhat constricted and furnished with a valve consisting of two unequal segments. - Gray 462" [Wikipedia:Coronary_sinus]
synonym: "sinus coronarius" EXACT []
xref: FMA:4706 ! Coronary sinus
xref: EHDAA2:0000320 ! coronary sinus
xref: EHDAA:9884 ! coronary sinus
is_a: UBERON:0003920 ! venous blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004581 ! systemic venous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: ncithesaurus:Coronary_Sinus ! Coronary Sinus
xref: SCTID:244386006 ! Entire coronary sinus
synonym: "sinus coronarius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coronary_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray491.png
xref: UMLS:C0456944

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005439
name: definitive endoderm
synonym: "Embryonic endoderm" EXACT [FMA:85519]
xref: FMA:85519 ! Definitive endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000337 ! definitive endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16070 ! definitive endoderm
xref: VHOG:0000751 ! definitive endoderm
xref: EHDAA:218 ! definitive endoderm
xref: EFO:0002574 ! definitive endoderm
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005440 ! ductus arteriosus
name: ductus arteriosus
def: "A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta[MESH]. In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus is a shunt connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus' fluid-filled lungs, protecting the lungs from being overworked and allowing the left ventricle to strengthen. There are two other fetal shunts, the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale[MP]. the fetal vessel that connects the left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta; the ductus arteriosus normally regresses into a fibrous cord, the ligamentum arteriousum after birth[MP]" [Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus, MP:0010564, MESH:A07.541.278.395]
synonym: "fetal ductus arteriosus" RELATED [MP:0010564]
synonym: "Botallo's duct" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus]
synonym: "ductus arteriosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus]
synonym: "ductus arteriosum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus]
synonym: "ductus botalli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus]
synonym: "ductus layton" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ductus_arteriosus]
synonym: "arterial canal" RELATED  [MP:0010564]
synonym: "arterial duct" RELATED  [MP:0010564]
synonym: "ductus Botallo" EXACT  [MP:0010564]
xref: FMA:79871 ! Ductus arteriosus
xref: EHDAA2:0000420 ! ductus arteriosus
xref: EMAPA:17858 ! ductus arteriosus
xref: MESH:A07.541.278.395 ! ductus arteriosus
xref: VHOG:0000923 ! ductus arteriosus
xref: EHDAA:6462 ! ductus arteriosus of outflow tract of heart
xref: EFO:0002515 ! ductus arteriosus
xref: MA:0001947 ! ductus arteriosis
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004571 ! systemic arterial system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004145 {source="EHDAA2"} ! outflow tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011695 ! embryonic cardiovascular system
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0003123 ! aortic arch 6
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002012 ! pulmonary artery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003123 {source="Wikipedia"} ! aortic arch 6
xref: ncithesaurus:Ductus_Arteriosus ! Ductus Arteriosus
xref: galen:DuctusArteriosus
xref: SCTID:253684002 ! Entire ductus arteriosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray502.png
property_value: external_definition "The temporary channel or blood vessel between the aorta and pulmonary artery in the fetus. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000923", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ductus+arteriosus", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000923", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0013273

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007642 ! ligamentum arteriosum
name: ligamentum arteriosum
def: "a small ligament attached to the superior surface of the pulmonary trunk and the inferior surface of the aortic arch. It is a nonfunctional vestige of the ductus arteriosus, and is formed within three weeks of birth. The ligamentum arteriosum is closely related to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the left vagus nerve. After splitting from the left vagus nerve, the left recurrent laryngeal loops around the aortic arch posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum, after which it ascends to the larynx[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ligamentum_arteriosum]
synonym: "Botallo's duct" EXACT  [FMA:13421]
synonym: "Botallo's ligament" EXACT  [FMA:13421]
synonym: "Harvey's ligament" EXACT  [FMA:13421]
synonym: "arterial ligament" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Ligamentum_arteriosum]
xref: FMA:13421 ! ligamentum arteriosum
is_a: UBERON:0006591 {source="FMA"} ! transformed artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0006591 ! transformed artery
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0005440 ! ductus arteriosus
xref: SCTID:198009004 ! Entire ligamentum arteriosum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007643
name: node of ligamentum arteriosum
def: "an inconstant lymph node of the anterior mediastinal group located adjacent to the ligamentum arteriosum." [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?node+of+ligamentum+arteriosum]
synonym: "Botallo's node" EXACT  [FMA:74033]
synonym: "ligamentum arteriosum node" EXACT  [FMA:74033]
synonym: "lymph node of ligamentum arteriosum" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "nodus ligamenti arteriosi" EXACT  [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?node+of+ligamentum+arteriosum]
xref: FMA:74033 ! node of ligamentum arteriosum
is_a: UBERON:0002524  {source="FMA"} ! mediastinal lymph node
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0007642 ! ligamentum arteriosum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005441
name: external intercostal muscle
def: "The Intercostales externi (External intercostals) are eleven in number on either side. They extend from the tubercles of the ribs behind, to the cartilages of the ribs in front, where they end in thin membranes, the anterior intercostal membranes, which are continued forward to the sternum. Each arises from the lower border of a rib, and is inserted into the upper border of the rib below. In the two lower spaces they extend to the ends of the cartilages, and in the upper two or three spaces they do not quite reach the ends of the ribs. They are thicker than the Intercostales interni, and their fibers are directed obliquely downward and laterally on the back of the thorax, and downward, forward, and medially on the front (the example is often used of sticking one's hands in their pocket and noting the direction of the fingers pointing downward and medially)." [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "external intercostal muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "external intercostals" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostales externi" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostales externi muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostales externi muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostalis externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostals external" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostals external muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "musculi intercostales externi" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostales externus" EXACT [MA:0002325]
synonym: "intercostal muscle external layer" RELATED  [MA:0002325]
synonym: "musculi intercostales externi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
xref: FMA:9756 ! External intercostal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000465 ! external intercostal muscle
xref: EHDAA:8260 ! external of intercostal
xref: MA:0002325 ! intercostales externus
is_a: UBERON:0001111 {source="FMA"} ! intercostal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010974 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external intercostal pre-muscle mass
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003727 {source="dbpedia"} ! intercostal nerve
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003831 {source="PMID:15755883"} ! respiratory system muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Intercostal_Muscle ! External Intercostal Muscle
xref: SCTID:244878003 ! Entire external intercostal muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png
xref: VHOG:0000904 ! intercostales externus
property_value: homology_notes "Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000904", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.193", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1744535

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010974
name: external intercostal pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0010970 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intercostal pre-muscle mass
xref: EHDAA2:0000467 ! external intercostal pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012100
name: appendicocostalis muscle
def: "." [PMID:15755883]
synonym: "appendicocostalis" EXACT [PMID:15755883]
is_a: UBERON:0003831 ! respiratory system muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005442 ! external oblique
name: external oblique
def: "The external oblique muscle (of the abdomen) (also external abdominal oblique muscle) is the largest and the most superficial (outermost) of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external abdominal oblique" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external abdominal oblique muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique abdominal muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique abdominis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "oblique strength" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus abdominis externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus externus abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus externus abdominis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external abdominal oblique muscle" EXACT [FMA:13335]
synonym: "obliquus externus abdominis" EXACT [MA:0002345]
xref: FMA:13335 ! External oblique
xref: EHDAA2:0000469 ! external oblique
xref: MA:0002345 ! obliquus externus abdominis
xref: EMAPA:18162 ! external oblique
xref: VHOG:0000788 ! abdominal external oblique muscle
xref: EHDAA:8248 ! external oblique
is_a: UBERON:0002461 {source="FMA"} ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010975 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external oblique pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006204 {source="dbpedia"} ! inguinal ligament
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003727 {source="dbpedia", notes="lower 6 intercostal nerve + subcostal nerve"} ! intercostal nerve
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Oblique_Muscle ! External Oblique Muscle
xref: SCTID:244946005 ! External oblique
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "m. obliquus externus abdominis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg
synonym: "abdominal external oblique muscle" EXACT [VHOG:0000788]
property_value: homology_notes "Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000788", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.193", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0224375

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010975
name: external oblique pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006210 {source="EHDAA2"} ! body-wall mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002461 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000470 ! external oblique pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005443
name: filum terminale
def: "The filum terminale (\"terminal thread\"), is a delicate strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm. in length, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris. It gives longitudinal support to the spinal cord and consists of two parts: The upper part, or filum terminale internum, is about 15 cm. long and reaches as far as the lower border of the second sacral vertebra. It is continuous above with the pia mater and contained within a tubular sheath of the dura mater. In addition, it is surrounded by the nerves forming the cauda equina, from which it can be easily recognized by its bluish-white color. The lower part, or filum terminale externum, closely adheres to the dura mater. It extends downward from the apex of the tubular sheath and is attached to the back of the first segment of the coccyx in a structure sometimes referred to as the coccygeal ligament. The most inferior of the spinal nerves, the coccygeal nerve leaves the spinal cord at the level of the conus medullaris, superior to the filum terminale. However, adhering to the outer surface of the filum terminale are a few strands of nerve fibers which probably represent rudimentary second and third coccygeal nerves. Furthermore, the central canal of the spinal cord extends 5 to 6 cm. beyond the conus medullaris, downward into the filum terminale." [Wikipedia:Filum_terminale]
synonym: "coccygeal ligament" RELATED []
synonym: "filum terminale segment of pia mater" EXACT [FMA:83977]
synonym: "terminal filum" EXACT [FMA:83977]
synonym: "pars pialis fili terminalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83977]
xref: FMA:83977 ! Filum terminale
xref: EHDAA2:0000510 ! filum terminale
xref: EMAPA:18220 ! filum terminale
xref: VHOG:0000547 ! filum terminale
xref: EHDAA:6686 ! filum terminale
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: SCTID:361344005 ! Entire filum terminale
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Gray662.png
property_value: external_definition "The slender, thread-like continuation of the spinal cord below the origin of the lumbar nerves. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000547", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010269
name: filum terminale internum
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005443 {source="FMA"} ! filum terminale
xref: FMA:256524 ! internal part of filum terminale
synonym: "internal part of filum terminale" EXACT [FMA:256524]
xref: SCTID:315673007 ! Entire filum terminale internum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010270
name: filum terminale externum
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005443 {source="FMA"} ! filum terminale
xref: FMA:256526 ! external part of filum terminale
synonym: "external part of filum terminale" EXACT [FMA:256526]
xref: SCTID:315573001 ! Entire filum terminale externum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012337
name: cauda equina
def: "The cauda equina is a structure within the lower end of the spinal column of most vertebrates, that consists of nerve roots and rootlets from above. The space in which the cerebrospinal fluid is present is actually an extension of the subarachnoid space. In humans, because the spinal cord stops growing in infancy while the bones of the spine continue growing, the spinal cord in adults ends at about the level of the vertebra L1/L2, and at birth at L3. However there is some variation in adults and the cord may end anywhere between vertebrae T12 to L3. Individual spinal nerve roots arise from the spinal cord as they do closer to the head, but as the differential growth occurs the top end of the nerve stays attached to the spinal cord and the lower end of the nerve exits the spinal column at its proper level, this results in a \"bundle\"-like structure of nerve fibres that extends caudally from the end of the spinal cord, gradually declining in number further down as individual pairs leave the spinal column. At the base of the Cauda Equina, there are approximately 10 fiber pairs, 3-5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and the single coccygeal nerve." [Wikipedia:Cauda_equina]
synonym: "filum terminale" RELATED  [MESH:A08.800.800.720.725.150]
is_a: UBERON:0005162 ! multi cell component structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009623 {source="MESH"} ! spinal nerve root
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.725.150 ! cauda equina
xref: FMA:52590 ! cauda equina
xref: SCTID:263377004 ! Entire cauda equina
xref: ncithesaurus:Cauda_Equina ! cauda equina
xref: UMLS:C0007458

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005444
name: obsolete first polar body
comment: belongs in CL
synonym: "polocytus primarius" EXACT [FMA:18650]
consider: FMA:18650 ! First polar body
consider: EHDAA2:0000541 ! first polar body
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012139 ! segment of autopod
name: segment of autopod
is_a: UBERON:0002529 {notes="may be revised"} ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005445
name: segment of pes
synonym: "foot region" BROAD [FMA:24993]
synonym: "foot subdivision" EXACT [FMA:24993]
synonym: "subdivision of foot" EXACT [FMA:24993]
synonym: "segment of foot" EXACT [FMA:24993]
synonym: "regio pedis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:24993]
xref: FMA:24993 ! Segment of foot
intersection_of: UBERON:0012139 ! segment of autopod
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: SCTID:362887000 ! Region of foot
def: "A segment of autopod that is part of a pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005451
name: segment of manus
synonym: "hand region" BROAD [FMA:24945]
synonym: "hand subdivision" EXACT [FMA:24945]
synonym: "subdivision of hand" EXACT [FMA:24945]
synonym: "segment of hand" EXACT [FMA:24945]
synonym: "regio manus" EXACT LATIN []
xref: FMA:24945 ! Segment of hand
intersection_of: UBERON:0012139 ! segment of autopod
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: SCTID:127950000 ! Region of hand
def: "A segment of autopod that is part of a manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012140 ! digitopodium region
name: digitopodium region
def: "A segment of the autopod consisting of both acropodial region and metapodial region, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial region." [PHENOSCAPE:ni]
comment: Terminology notes: some sources call this the acropodium. see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019
synonym: "autopod proper" RELATED []
synonym: "acropodium (Wagner)" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0012139 ! segment of autopod
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0006716 ! mesopodium region
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012141
name: manual digitopodium region
def: "A digitopodium region that is part of a manus[Obol]. This includes the fingers and metacarpal region, but excludes the carpal region." []
comment: Terminology notes: some sources call this the acropodium. see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019
intersection_of: UBERON:0012140 ! digitopodium region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
synonym: "hand proper" RELATED [FMA:61067]
xref: FMA:61067 ! hand proper
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012142
name: pedal digitopodium region
def: "A digitopodium region that is part of a pes[Obol]. This includes the toes and metatarsal region, but excludes the tarsals region." []
comment: Terminology notes: some sources call this the acropodium. see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019
intersection_of: UBERON:0012140 ! digitopodium region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "foot proper" RELATED [FMA:73084]
xref: FMA:73084 ! foot proper
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012150 ! skeleton of digitopodium
name: skeleton of digitopodium
def: "A subdivision of the autopod skeleton consisting of both acropodial skeleon and metapodial skeleton, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial skeleton." [PHENOSCAPE:ni]
comment: Terminology notes: some sources call this the acropodium. see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019
synonym: "digitopodium" RELATED  [PHENOSCAPE:ni]
synonym: "autopod proper skeleton" RELATED  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0012140 ! digitopodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012140 ! digitopodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! autopodial skeleton
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012151
name: skeleton of manual digitopodium
def: "A subdivision of the manus skeleton consisting of both manual acropodial skeleton and metacarpal skeleton, but excluding the carpal skeleton." [PHENOSCAPE:ni, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Terminology notes: some sources call this the acropodium. see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019
synonym: "manual digitopodium" RELATED  []
synonym: "hand proper skeleton" RELATED  [FMA:79180]
synonym: "skeleton of hand proper" RELATED [FMA:79180]
intersection_of: UBERON:0012150 ! skeleton of digitopodium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012141 {source="FMA"} ! manual digitopodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of manus
xref: FMA:79180 ! skeleton of hand proper
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012152
name: skeleton of pedal digitopodium
def: "A subdivision of the pes skeleton consisting of both pedal acropodial skeleton and metatarsal skeleton, but excluding the tarsal skeleton." [PHENOSCAPE:ni, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Terminology notes: some sources call this the acropodium. see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019
synonym: "pedal digitopodium" RELATED  []
synonym: "foot proper skeleton" RELATED  []
synonym: "skeleton of foot proper" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012150 ! skeleton of digitopodium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012142 ! pedal digitopodium region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of pes
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000019" xsd:anyURI

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005446
name: foramen rotundum
def: "The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa." [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum]
comment: AAO to be checked
synonym: "foramen rotundum of the skull" RELATED [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum]
xref: FMA:53154 ! Foramen rotundum
xref: EHDAA2:0000552 ! foramen rotundum
xref: EMAPA:18712 ! foramen rotundum
xref: AAO:0000194 ! foramen perilymphaticum superius
xref: EHDAA:10629 ! foramen rotundum
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
xref: SCTID:369439002 ! Entire foramen rotundum
synonym: "foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png
xref: VHOG:0001543 ! foramen rotundum
synonym: "round foramen" RELATED [VHOG:0001543]
property_value: external_definition "A circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa.vity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_rotundum][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001543", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "It is suggested that the mammalian lamina ascendens arose from an upgrowth of the root of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid in cynodonts, separating foramen rotundum from foramen ovale.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001543", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:1018003 Presley R\, Steel FLD\, On the homology of the alisphenoid. Journal of Anatomy (1976)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005447
name: obsolete bladder fundus
is_obsolete: true
consider: UBERON:0006081
consider: UBERON:0006082

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006081
name: fundus of gallbladder
def: "The fundus of gallbladder is the portion of the gallbladder which lies the farthest from the cystic duct. It is covered with peritoneum. A traditional cholecystectomy is most commonly performed from the infundibulum to the fundus. It's at the same level as the transpyloric plane." [Wikipedia:Fundus_of_gallbladder]
synonym: "fundus of the gallbladder" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fundus_of_gallbladder]
synonym: "gallbladder fundus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fundus_of_gallbladder]
synonym: "gallbladder fundus" EXACT [FMA:14536]
xref: FMA:14536 ! fundus of gallbladder
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002110 ! gallbladder
xref: ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Fundus ! Gallbladder Fundus
xref: SCTID:245391004 ! Entire fundus of gallbladder
synonym: "fundus vesicae biliaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fundus_of_gallbladder]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Gray1095_parts.png
xref: UMLS:C0227544

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006082
name: fundus of urinary bladder
def: "The base or posterior surface of the urinary bladder contains the trigone of the bladder and the outlet where urine empties through the internal urethral orifice." [Wikipedia:Fundus_of_the_urinary_bladder#Fundus, MP:0011785]
synonym: "urinary bladder base" EXACT [MP:0011785]
synonym: "base of urinary bladder" EXACT [FMA:15908]
synonym: "fundus of bladder" BROAD [FMA:15908]
synonym: "urinary bladder fundus" EXACT [FMA:15908]
synonym: "urinary bladder fundus region" EXACT [MA:0001694]
synonym: "fundus vesicae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:15908]
xref: FMA:15908 ! fundus of urinary bladder
xref: EHDAA:9330 ! fundus
xref: EHDAA2:0000582 ! bladder fundus
xref: VHOG:0001184 ! urinary bladder fundus region
xref: MA:0001694 ! urinary bladder fundus region
xref: EMAPA:18322 ! fundus region
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005760 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! urorectal septum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009845 {source="EHDAA2"} ! urogenital sinus mesenchyme
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Fundus ! Bladder Fundus
xref: SCTID:362226002 ! Entire fundus of urinary bladder
xref: UMLS:C0447584

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012442
name: epiploic foramen
def: "In human anatomy, the omental foramen, is the passage of communication, or foramen, between the general cavity (of the abdomen), and the omental bursa." [Wikipedia:Omental_foramen]
synonym: "bristle in epiploic foramen" RELATED [Wikipedia:Omental_foramen]
synonym: "epiploic foramen" RELATED [Wikipedia:Omental_foramen]
synonym: "epiploic foramen of Winslow" RELATED [Wikipedia:Omental_foramen]
synonym: "foramen epiploicum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Omental_foramen]
synonym: "foramen of winslow" RELATED [Wikipedia:Omental_foramen]
synonym: "aditus to lesser sac" EXACT  [FMA:14711]
synonym: "foramen of Winslow" EXACT  [FMA:14711]
synonym: "foramen omentale" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "foramen omentale (epiploicum)" EXACT  [FMA:14711]
synonym: "omental foramen" EXACT  [FMA:14711]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001179 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: FMA:14711 ! epiploic foramen
xref: SCTID:264473006 ! Entire epiploic foramen
xref: EHDAA2:0000447 ! epiploic foramen of Winslow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005448
name: greater omentum
def: "The greater omentum (also the great omentum, omentum majus, gastrocolic omentum, epiploön, or, especially in animals, caul) is a large fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach, and extends from the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall after associating with the transverse colon." [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "caul" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "epiploic" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "epiplooen" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "epiploön" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "epiploon" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "gastrocolic omentum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "great omentum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "omentectomy" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
synonym: "omentum majus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
xref: FMA:9580 ! Greater omentum
xref: EHDAA2:0000720 ! greater omentum
xref: EMAPA:18660 ! greater omentum of dorsal mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18904 ! greater omentum of dorsal mesogastrium of mesentery of stomach of gut
xref: VHOG:0000356 ! greater omentum
xref: EHDAA:6071 ! greater omentum
xref: EV:0100085 ! greater omentum
is_a: UBERON:0003688 ! omentum
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005602 {source="Wikipedia"} ! dorsal mesogastrium
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001164 ! greater curvature of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001178 {source="FMA"}  ! visceral peritoneum
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003887 {source="OG"} ! intraembryonic coelom
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002296 {source="Wikipedia"} ! dorsal mesentery
xref: ncithesaurus:Greater_Omentum ! Greater Omentum
xref: SCTID:362711003 ! Entire greater omentum
synonym: "omentum majus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Greater_omentum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray1035.png
property_value: external_definition "A filmy, transparent double fold of the peritoneum, draping the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine. It is attached along the greater curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000356", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/greater+omentum", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0230259

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005449 ! greater sac
name: greater sac
synonym: "peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity proper" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_sac]
synonym: "general cavity of the abdomen" RELATED [Wikipedia:Greater_sac]
synonym: "peritoneal cavity greater sac" EXACT [MA:0000448]
xref: FMA:19799 ! Greater sac
xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0000722 ! greater sac
xref: EMAPA:16885 ! greater sac of peritoneal component
xref: EMAPA:18453 ! greater sac of peritoneal cavity
xref: VHOG:0000858 ! greater sac
xref: MA:0000448 ! peritoneal cavity greater sac
xref: EHDAA:2327 ! greater sac
xref: EHDAA2:0004738 ! greater sac
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001179 ! peritoneal cavity
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gray1035.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005450
name: greater sac cavity
def: "the cavity in the abdomen that is inside the peritoneum but outside of the lesser sac. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Greater_sac]
synonym: "cavum peritonei" EXACT [FMA:9691]
synonym: "greater peritoneal cavity" EXACT [FMA:9691]
synonym: "cavity of greater sac" EXACT [FMA:9691]
synonym: "greater sac lumen" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000724]
xref: FMA:9691 ! Cavity of greater sac
xref: EHDAA2:0000724 ! greater sac lumen
xref: EMAPA:16886 ! cavity of greater sac of peritoneal component
xref: EMAPA:18454 ! cavity of greater sac of peritoneal cavity (also: UBERON:0001179 'peritoneal cavity')
xref: VHOG:0000528 ! greater sac cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0005449 ! greater sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005449 ! greater sac
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0001179 {source="EHDAA2"} ! peritoneal cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005452
name: hepatic lamina
def: "Composed of hepatocytes, usually only one cell thick. The spaces between hepatic plates are occupied by sinusoids." [ISBN:0387949542]
synonym: "hepatic plate" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [FMA:14655]
synonym: "hepatic cord" EXACT [FMA:14655]
synonym: "lamina hepatica" EXACT [FMA:14655]
synonym: "liver cell plate" EXACT [FMA:14655]
synonym: "hepatic lamina" EXACT [FMA:14655]
xref: FMA:14655 ! Hepatic lamina
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004647 ! liver lobule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001172 ! hepatic acinus
relationship: has_part CL:0000182 {source="FMA"} ! hepatocyte

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005453
name: inferior mesenteric ganglion
def: "a ganglion located near where the inferior mesenteric artery branches from the abdominal aorta[WP]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_ganglion]
xref: FMA:77590 ! Inferior mesenteric ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0000818 ! inferior mesenteric ganglion
xref: EHDAA:8948 ! inferior mesenteric ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0003964 ! prevertebral ganglion
xref: SCTID:279277007 ! Entire inferior mesenteric ganglion
synonym: "ganglion mesentericum inferius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray848.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005454
name: internal oblique
def: "The internal oblique muscle (of the abdomen) is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen, lying just underneath the external oblique and just above (superficial to) the transverse abdominal muscle." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "abdominal internal oblique" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal abdominal oblique" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal abdominal oblique muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal oblique abdominal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal oblique abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal oblique abdominis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal oblique muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "musculus obliquus internus abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliqui internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus internus abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus internus abdominis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus internus abdominis muscle" EXACT [FMA:13891]
synonym: "obliquus internus abdominis" EXACT [MA:0002346]
xref: FMA:13891 ! Internal oblique
xref: EHDAA2:0000879 ! internal oblique
xref: MA:0002346 ! obliquus internus abdominis
xref: EMAPA:18163 ! internal oblique
xref: VHOG:0000789 ! abdominal internal oblique muscle
xref: EHDAA:8250 ! internal oblique
is_a: UBERON:0002461 ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Oblique_Muscle ! Internal Oblique Muscle
xref: SCTID:244947001 ! Internal oblique
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "Obliquus internus abdominis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002207 {source="dbpedia", notes="Linea alba Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs."} ! xiphoid process
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="Linea alba Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs."} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006204 {source="dbpedia", notes="Inguinal ligament Iliac crest and the Lumbodorsal fascia."} ! inguinal ligament
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg
synonym: "abdominal internal oblique muscle" EXACT [VHOG:0000789]
property_value: homology_notes "Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000789", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.193", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1512878

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005455
name: interventricular groove
synonym: "interventricular sulcus" EXACT [FMA:7223]
xref: FMA:7223 ! Interventricular sulcus
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000884 ! interventricular groove
xref: VHOG:0000790 ! interventricular groove
xref: EHDAA:1918 ! interventricular groove
xref: EMAPA:17336 ! interventricular groove
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
is_a: UBERON:0006846 {source="EHDAA2"} ! groove
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002082 ! cardiac ventricle
xref: SCTID:277708006 ! Interventricular groove

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005489
name: anterior interventricular sulcus
def: "The ventricles of the heart are separated by two grooves, one of which, the anterior longitudinal sulcus (or anterior interventricular sulcus), is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin. The other groove separating the ventricles is the posterior interventricular sulcus." [Wikipedia:Anterior_interventricular_sulcus]
synonym: "anterior interventricular groove" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_interventricular_sulcus]
synonym: "anterior longitudinal sulcus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Anterior_interventricular_sulcus]
synonym: "anterior interventricular groove" EXACT [FMA:7177]
xref: FMA:7177 ! Anterior interventricular sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0005455 {source="FMA"} ! interventricular groove
xref: SCTID:277710008 ! Entire anterior interventricular sulcus
synonym: "sulcus interventricularis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_interventricular_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray492.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005490
name: posterior interventricular sulcus
def: "The ventricles are separated by two grooves, one of which, the anterior longitudinal sulcus, is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin, the other posterior longitudinal sulcus (posterior interventricular sulcus, inferior interventricular groove), on the diaphragmatic surface near the right margin. In it run the posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein." [Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus]
synonym: "posterior interventricular groove" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus]
synonym: "posterior longitudinal sulci" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus]
synonym: "posterior longitudinal sulcus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus]
synonym: "diaphragmatic interventricular groove" EXACT [FMA:7178]
synonym: "inferior interventricular groove" EXACT [FMA:7178]
synonym: "posterior interventricular groove" EXACT [FMA:7178]
xref: FMA:7178 ! Posterior interventricular sulcus
is_a: UBERON:0005455 {source="FMA"} ! interventricular groove
xref: SCTID:277711007 ! Entire posterior interventricular sulcus
synonym: "sulcus interventricularis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_interventricular_sulcus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray491.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005456
name: jugular foramen
def: "The jugular foramen is a large aperture in the base of the skull. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side" [Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen]
synonym: "foramen jugulare" RELATED [Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen]
synonym: "Posterior lacerate foramen" EXACT [FMA:56432]
xref: FMA:56432 ! Jugular foramen
xref: EHDAA2:0000893 ! jugular foramen
xref: AAO:0000249 ! jugular foramen
xref: EMAPA:18713 ! jugular foramen
xref: VHOG:0001113 ! jugular foramen
xref: EHDAA:10631 ! jugular foramen
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
xref: ncithesaurus:Jugular_Foramen ! Jugular Foramen
xref: SCTID:361735006 ! Entire jugular foramen
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Foramenjugulare.PNG
property_value: external_definition "Large foramen that houses the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and is located inside the condyloid fossa.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000249", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass braincase and otic capsule opening (AAO:0000051)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000249", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "One of a pair of openings between the lateral part of the occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bones in the skull. The foramen contains the inferior petrosal sinus; the transverse sinus; some meningeal branches of the occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries; and the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. [Free_Online_Medical_Dictionary]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001113", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/jugular+foramen", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0222712

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005483 ! thymus lobe
name: thymus lobe
synonym: "lobe of thymus" EXACT [FMA:71193]
xref: FMA:71193 ! Lobe of thymus
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002021 ! thymus lobe
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002370 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! thymus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005457
name: left thymus lobe
synonym: "left thymic lobe" EXACT [FMA:71195]
synonym: "left lobe of thymus" EXACT [FMA:71195]
xref: FMA:71195 ! Left lobe of thymus
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000964 ! left thymus lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0005483 ! thymus lobe
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
xref: SCTID:188079002 ! Entire left lobe of thymus
def: "A thymus lobe that is in the left side of a thymus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005469
name: right thymus lobe
synonym: "right thymic lobe" EXACT [FMA:71194]
synonym: "right lobe of thymus" EXACT [FMA:71194]
xref: FMA:71194 ! Right lobe of thymus
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001758 ! right thymus lobe
intersection_of: UBERON:0005483 ! thymus lobe
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0002370 ! thymus
xref: SCTID:187981000 ! Entire right lobe of thymus
def: "A thymus lobe that is in the right side of a thymus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011944
name: subintestinal vein
subset: dubious_grouping
synonym: "SIV" EXACT  [ZFA:0005035]
synonym: "vitelline vein" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ZFA:0005035]
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="XAO"} ! vein
xref: XAO:0004172 ! subintestinal vein
xref: TAO:0005035 ! subintestinal vein (also: UBERON:0005487 'vitelline vein')
xref: ZFA:0005035 ! subintestinal vein (also: UBERON:0005487 'vitelline vein')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005487 ! vitelline vein
name: vitelline vein
def: "One of two veins which drain blood from the yolk sac. They run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids." [Wikipedia:Vitelline_veins]
comment: AO notes: check zfa (no text def). Check vitelline/omphalomesenteric distinction in XAO
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "omphalomesenteric vein" RELATED [EMAPA:16244]
synonym: "vein of omphalomesenteric system" RELATED []
synonym: "vena vitellina" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Vitelline_veins]
xref: FMA:70305 ! Vitelline vein
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002209 ! vitelline vein
xref: ZFA:0005035 ! subintestinal vein (also: UBERON:0011944 'subintestinal vein')
xref: EMAPA:16244 ! vitelline vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16379 ! vitelline vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
xref: EMAPA:26151 ! vitelline vein of vitelline duct
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Gray475.png
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004581 ! systemic venous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Vitelline_Vein ! Vitelline Vein
xref: XAO:0004147 ! vitelline vein
xref: XAO:0000376 ! omphalomesenteric vein
xref: TAO:0005035 ! subintestinal vein (also: UBERON:0011944 'subintestinal vein')
xref: SCTID:308832003 ! Entire omphalomesenteric vein
xref: SCTID:2730004 ! Entire vitelline vein of placenta
xref: VHOG:0000401 ! embryonic vitelline vein
synonym: "embryonic vitelline vein" EXACT [VHOG:0000401]
property_value: homology_notes "Within each vertebrate group, the veins compose a few main functional systems that arise embryologically from what seems to be a common developmental pattern. (...) Early in development, three major sets of paired veins are present: the vitelline veins from the yolk sac, the cardinal veins from the body of the embryo itself, and the lateral abdominal veins from the pelvic region. The paired vitelline veins are among the first vessels to appear in the embryo. They arise over the yolk and follow the yolk stalk into the body. They then turn anteriorly, continue along the gut, and enter the sinus venosus.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000401", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.460", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
property_value: external_definition "One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.[XAO]" xsd:string {ontology="XAO", source="XAO:0004147"}
xref: UMLS:C0231091

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005460
name: left vitelline vein
xref: FMA:70307 ! Left vitelline vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000971 ! left vitelline vein
xref: EMAPA:16698 ! left of vitelline vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16380 ! left of vitelline vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
intersection_of: UBERON:0005487 ! vitelline vein
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:361446008 ! Left vitelline vein
def: "A vitelline vein that is in the left side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005472
name: right vitelline vein
xref: FMA:70306 ! Right vitelline vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001766 ! right vitelline vein
xref: EMAPA:16699 ! right of vitelline vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16381 ! right of vitelline vein of venous system of cardiovascular system of extraembryonic component
intersection_of: UBERON:0005487 ! vitelline vein
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
xref: SCTID:361445007 ! Right vitelline vein
def: "A vitelline vein that is in the right side of a multi-cellular organism." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005461
name: levator scapulae muscle
def: "The levator scapulae is situated at the back and side of the neck." [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
comment: Axial muscle group[Kardong]
synonym: "levator scapul%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
synonym: "levator scapula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
synonym: "levator scapulae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
xref: FMA:32519 ! Levator scapulae
xref: EHDAA2:0000992 ! levator scapulae
xref: EHDAA:8309 ! levator scapulae
xref: SCTID:279236008 ! Entire levator scapulae muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010983 {source="EHDAA2"} ! levator scapulae pre-muscle mass
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
synonym: "musculus levator scapulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007174 {source="dbpedia", notes="Superior part of medial border of scapula"} ! medial part of scapula
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000962 {source="dbpedia", notes="cervical nerve and dorsal scapular nerve"} ! cervical nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae"} ! transverse process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Levator_scapulae.png
xref: AAO:0010689 ! m. levator scapulae
synonym: "levator scapulae" EXACT [FMA:32519]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010983
name: levator scapulae pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000993 ! levator scapulae pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005463
name: marginal sinus of lymph node
def: "The subcapsular sinus (lymph path, lymph sinus, marginal sinus) is a region within the lymph node immediately deep to the capsule that contains relatively sparse lymphocytes. It thus allows lymph to flow freely through it. The lymph node contains lymphoid tissue, i.e. , a meshwork or fibers called reticulum with white blood cells enmeshed in it. The regions where there are few cells within the meshwork are known lymph sinus. It is lined by reticular cells, fibroblasts and fixed macrophages. Thus, subcapsular (sub=below) sinus lies immediately deep to the capsule of the lymph node and immediately above the cortex. It is continuous with the similar lymph sinuses that flank the trabeculae (the extensions of capsule within the substance of the lymph node). The subcapsular sinus is of clinical importance as it is the most likely location where the earliest manifestations of a metastatic carcinoma in a lymph node would be found." [Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus]
comment: todo - add syns to disambiguate from rodent speen marginal sinus
synonym: "subcapsular sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus]
synonym: "lymph path" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus]
synonym: "lymph sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus]
synonym: "marginal sinus" EXACT [FMA:50766]
xref: FMA:50766 ! marginal sinus
xref: EHDAA2:0001064 ! marginal sinus
xref: EHDAA:8693 ! marginal sinus
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
xref: SCTID:361511003 ! Marginal sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Sinus ! Lymph Node Sinus
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Subcapsular_Sinus ! Lymph Node Subcapsular Sinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Gray597.png
xref: UMLS:C1518051
xref: UMLS:C1518052

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005464
name: median sacral artery
def: "The median sacral artery (or middle sacral artery) is a small vessel, which arises from the back of the aorta, a little above its bifurcation. It descends in the middle line in front of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebræ, the sacrum and coccyx, and ends in the glomus coccygeum (coccygeal gland). From it, minute branches are said to pass to the posterior surface of the rectum. On the last lumbar vertebra it anastomoses with the lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery; in front of the sacrum it anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries, and sends offsets into the anterior sacral foramina. It is crossed by the left common iliac vein, and is accompanied by a pair of venæ comitantes; these unite to form a single vessel, which opens into the left common iliac vein." [Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery]
synonym: "coccygeal branches" RELATED [Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery]
synonym: "middle sacral" RELATED [Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery]
synonym: "middle sacral artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery]
synonym: "Middle sacral artery" EXACT [FMA:14757]
xref: FMA:14757 ! Median sacral artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001087 ! median sacral artery
xref: EMAPA:19214 ! median sacral artery
xref: VHOG:0000756 ! median sacral artery
xref: EHDAA:2556 ! median sacral artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
relationship: supplies UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia"} ! abdominal aorta
xref: SCTID:244282005 ! Entire median sacral artery
synonym: "arteria sacralis mediana" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005465
name: obturator nerve
def: "The obturator nerve arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small." [Wikipedia:Obturator_nerve]
xref: FMA:16487 ! Obturator nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001282 ! obturator nerve
xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.600 ! obturator nerve
xref: EHDAA:5657 ! obturator nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001815 ! lumbosacral nerve plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Nerve ! Obturator Nerve
xref: SCTID:181052006 ! Entire obturator nerve
synonym: "nervus obturatorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Obturator_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray344.png
xref: UMLS:C0028783

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005466
name: paravertebral ganglia
def: "Along the length of the sympathetic trunk are ganglia known as ganglia of sympathetic trunk or paravertebral ganglia. The ganglia are distinguished as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral and, except in the neck, they closely correspond in number to the vertebrae." [Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia]
synonym: "ganglia of sympathetic trunk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia]
synonym: "paravertebral ganglion" RELATED [Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia]
synonym: "sympathetic chain ganglia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia]
synonym: "paravertebral ganglia" EXACT [FMA:80128]
synonym: "paravertebral ganglia set" EXACT [FMA:80128]
xref: FMA:80128 ! Set of paravertebral ganglia
xref: EHDAA2:0001403 ! paravertebral ganglia
xref: EHDAA:5635 ! paravertebral ganglia
is_a: UBERON:0001806 ! sympathetic ganglion
synonym: "ganglia trunci sympathici" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Paravertebral_ganglia]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Gray847.png
xref: SCTID:324478000 ! Entire sympathetic trunk ganglia
synonym: "set of paravertebral ganglia" EXACT [FMA:80128]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013497
name: muscularis orbicularis
def: "A fringe of muscle running along the periphery of the panniculus." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Function notes: Hedgehogs roll into a ball via contraction of this muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
synonym: "orbicularis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "orbicularis" RELATED []
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001578 ! orbicularis oculi
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010933 ! orbicularis oris muscle
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9363 ! Erinaceidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010934
name: panniculus carnosus
def: "A layer of striated muscle deep to the panniculus adiposus[WP]" [Wikipedia:Panniculus_carnosus]
comment: fine, flat muscles within the hypodermis. Their origin is in the deep fascia of bone and they insert into superficial skin.  They act to raise hair, quills, feathers, etc.  It is also used in "twitch" reflexes to shake off insects, etc.[Palaeos]
synonym: "panniculus carnosus group" EXACT [EMAPA:18189]
synonym: "panniculus" BROAD []
property_value: has_relational_adjective "pannicular" xsd:string
xref: EMAPA:18189 ! panniculus carnosus group
is_a: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002072 ! hypodermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013488 ! panniculus adiposus
name: panniculus adiposus
def: "The panniculus adiposus is the fatty layer of the subcutaneous tissues, superficial to a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. An example is the Fascia of Camper. Another example is the superficial cervical fascia[WP]" [Wikipedia:Panniculus_adiposus]
comment: It includes structures that are considered fascia by some sources but not by others.
synonym: "panniculus adiposus group" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001013 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adipose tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002072 ! hypodermis
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9261 {notes="by contraction of various parts of the panniculus carnosus, the short-beaked echidna can change shape, the most characteristic shape change being achieved by rolling itself into a ball when threatened, so protecting its belly and presenting a defensive array of sharp spines"} ! Tachyglossus aculeatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013489
name: superficial cervical fascia
def: "Superficial cervical fascia is a thin layer of subcutaneous connective tissue that lies between the dermis of the skin and the deep cervical fascia. It contains the platysma, cutaneous nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels. It also contains a varying amount of fat, which is its distinguishing characteristic." [Wikipedia:Superficial_cervical_fascia]
comment: It is considered by some to be a part of the Panniculus adiposus, and not true fascia[WP]
synonym: "superficial cervical fascia" EXACT  [FMA:57805]
synonym: "superficial layer of deep cervical fascia" EXACT  [FMA:57805]
synonym: "superficial layer of cervical fascia" EXACT [FMA:57805]
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013488 {source="Wikipedia", notes="contested"} ! panniculus adiposus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013491 ! cervical fascia
xref: FMA:57805 ! superficial layer of cervical fascia
xref: SCTID:175208005 ! Entire superficial layer of cervical fascia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013490
name: deep cervical fascia
def: "The deep cervical fascia (or fascia colli in older texts) lies under cover of the Platysma, and invests the neck; it also forms sheaths for the carotid vessels, and for the structures situated in front of the vertebral column. Its attachment to the hyoid bone prevents the formation of a dewlap. The investing portion of the fascia is attached behind to the ligamentum nuchC& and to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. The \"alar fascia\" is a portion of deep cervical fascia." [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_fascia]
synonym: "fascia coli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_fascia]
synonym: "fascia colli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_fascia]
synonym: "deep cervical fascia" EXACT  [FMA:21791]
synonym: "deep fascia of neck" EXACT  [FMA:21791]
synonym: "investing layer of cervical fascia" EXACT  [FMA:21791]
synonym: "investing cervical fascia" EXACT [FMA:21791]
xref: FMA:21791 ! investing cervical fascia
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013491 ! cervical fascia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013491
name: cervical fascia
def: "The cervical fascia is fascia found in the region of the neck. It mainly refers to the deep cervical fascia. However, there are other cervical fascia: superficial cervical fascia prevertebral fascia" [Wikipedia:Cervical_fascia]
synonym: "fascia of neck" EXACT []
xref: Wikipedia:Cervical_fascia ! cervical fascia
xref: FMA:76866 ! cervical fascia
xref: SCTID:361906006 ! Entire cervical fascia
intersection_of: UBERON:0008982 ! fascia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013492
name: prevertebral cervical fascia
def: "The prevertebral fascia (or prevertebral layer of cervical fascia) is a fascia in the neck." [Wikipedia:Prevertebral_fascia]
synonym: "prevertebral layer" RELATED [Wikipedia:Prevertebral_fascia]
synonym: "prevertebral layer of cervical fascia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Prevertebral_fascia]
synonym: "lamina prevertebralis (fascia cervicalis)" EXACT  [FMA:46560]
synonym: "prevertebral fascia" EXACT  [FMA:46560]
synonym: "prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia" EXACT  [FMA:46560]
synonym: "prevertebral layer of cervical fascia" EXACT [FMA:46560]
xref: FMA:46560 ! prevertebral layer of cervical fascia
xref: SCTID:175407002 ! Entire prevertebral layer of cervical fascia
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013491 ! cervical fascia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013493 ! abdominal fascia
name: abdominal fascia
synonym: "endo-abdominopelvic fascia" EXACT  [FMA:19841]
synonym: "fascia of abdomen" EXACT  [FMA:19841]
xref: FMA:19841 ! abdominal fascia
intersection_of: UBERON:0008982 ! fascia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
xref: SCTID:306708007 ! Entire fascia of abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007809
name: fascia of Camper
def: "The superficial layer (fascia of Camper) is a thick superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall. It is areolar in texture, and contains in its meshes a varying quantity of adipose tissue. It is found superficial to Scarpa's fascia." [Wikipedia:Fascia_of_Camper]
synonym: "Camper's fascia" EXACT [Wikipedia:Fascia_of_Camper]
synonym: "adipose layer of superficial fascia of abdomen" EXACT  [FMA:19922]
synonym: "camper's fascia" EXACT  [FMA:19922]
synonym: "fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue of abdomen" EXACT  [FMA:19922]
synonym: "intermediate investing fascia of abdomen" EXACT  [FMA:19922]
synonym: "superficial layer of superficial fascia of abdomen" EXACT  [FMA:19922]
synonym: "fatty layer of superficial fascia of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:19922]
xref: FMA:19922 ! fatty layer of superficial fascia of abdomen
is_a: UBERON:0001013 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adipose tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006635 {source="FMA"} ! anterior abdominal wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013493 ! abdominal fascia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013488 {source="Wikipedia"} ! panniculus adiposus
synonym: "fascia investiens intermedia abdominis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19922]
synonym: "panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae abdominis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19922]
synonym: "panniculus adiposus abdominis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fascia_of_Camper]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray393.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005467
name: platysma
def: "The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid. It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid; its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medially along the side of the neck. The anterior fibers interlace, below and behind the symphysis menti, with the fibers of the muscle of the opposite side; the posterior fibers cross the mandible, some being inserted into the bone below the oblique line, others into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower part of the face. Many of these fibers blend with the muscles about the angle and lower part of the mouth. Sometimes fibers can be traced to the zygomaticus, or to the margin of the orbicularis oculi. Beneath the platysma, the external jugular vein descends from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle." [Wikipedia:Platysma_muscle]
comment: Human variation notes: Variations occur in the extension over the face and over the clavicle and shoulder; it may be absent or interdigitate with the muscle of the opposite side in front of the neck; attachment to clavicle, mastoid process or occipital bone occurs. A more or less independent fasciculus, the occipitalis minor, may extend from the fascia over the trapezius to fascia over the insertion of the sternocleidomastoideus. 
synonym: "neck platysma muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0005124]
synonym: "platysma muscle" EXACT [BTO:0005124]
synonym: "platysma myoides" NARROW SENSU [PMID:19531159]
synonym: "platysma cervicale" NARROW SENSU [PMID:19531159]
xref: FMA:45738 ! Platysma
xref: EHDAA2:0001474 ! platysma
xref: EMAPA:18190 ! platysma
xref: VHOG:0000931 ! platysma
xref: EHDAA:8270 ! platysma
xref: BTO:0005124 ! platysma muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FEED"} ! facial nerve muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010934 {source="EMAPA"} ! panniculus carnosus
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
xref: SCTID:244754004 ! Entire platysma muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Platysma_Myoides ! platysma myoides
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000165 {source="dbpedia", notes="base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris"} ! mouth
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010933 {source="dbpedia", notes="base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris"} ! orbicularis oris muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000962 {source="dbpedia", notes="cervical branch of the facial nerve"} ! cervical nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Platysma.png
property_value: external_definition "The platysma is a pharyngeal arch 2 muscle and a superficial facial muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve, and attaches to the skin.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
property_value: homology_notes "One of these (facial muscles in mammals), the platysma, is an unspecialized muscle derived from the hyoid arch.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000931", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.398", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1514163

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013635
name: sphincter colli muscle
comment: The m. sphincter in the head region can be divided into 2 layers: M. sphincter colli profundus and superficialis; in studied placentals, the deepest layer has circular fibers, while the superficial layer has oblique and longitudinal fibers. In non-mammalian vertebrates  (if differenciated) and in monotremes both the superficialis and the profundus layers are circular ("sphincter") muscles (Shumacher, 1956; Saban, 1971). ^n^nM. sphincter colli superficialis is present in Lagomorpha but absent in Rodentia (Meinertz, 1941, 1942; Ryan, 1989; Rinker, 1954). Some errouneous references of this muscle in rodents (e.g., Bezuidenhout and Evans, 2005) are due to decussating fibers of the deep sphincter, which creates a false superficial sphincter (Ryan, 1989).[MorphoBank]
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
synonym: "sphincter colli" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011508
name: sphincter colli superficialis muscle
def: "The sphincter colli superficialis is composed of transverse muscle fibers, and covers the entire area between the lower jaw and chest. The muscle is used to tighten the skin on the underside of the throat." [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platysma]
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013635 ! sphincter colli muscle
xref: MA:0002380 ! sphincter colli superficialis
synonym: "sphincter colli superficialis" EXACT [MA:0002380]
synonym: "M. sphincter colli superficialis" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011509
name: sphincter colli profundus muscle
def: "The sphincter colli profundus of lie below the platysma in the area of the parotid gland (gland regions)." [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platysma]
comment: The muscles of the mid and upper face derive from the embryonic sphincter colli profundus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013635 ! sphincter colli muscle
synonym: "sphincter colli profundus" EXACT []
synonym: "M. sphincter colli profundus" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005474
name: obsolete second polar body
comment: belongs in CL
synonym: "Polocytus secundarius" EXACT [FMA:18651]
consider: FMA:18651 ! Second polar body
consider: EHDAA2:0001820 ! second polar body
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005476
name: spinal nerve trunk
synonym: "spinal nerve (trunk)" EXACT [FMA:5929]
synonym: "spinal neural trunk" EXACT [FMA:5929]
synonym: "trunk of spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:5929]
xref: FMA:5929 ! Trunk of spinal nerve
xref: EHDAA2:0001900 ! spinal nerve trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0002464 ! nerve trunk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001780 ! spinal nerve
def: "A nerve trunk that is part of a spinal nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005477
name: stomach fundus epithelium
synonym: "gastric epithelium of fundus" EXACT [FMA:17277]
synonym: "gastric fundus epithelium" EXACT [FMA:17277]
synonym: "epithelium of fundus of stomach" EXACT [FMA:17277]
xref: FMA:17277 ! Epithelium of fundus of stomach
xref: EHDAA2:0001921 ! stomach fundus epithelium
xref: VHOG:0000878 ! fundus epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000485 ! simple columnar epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001160 ! fundus of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004994 ! mucosa of fundus of stomach
def: "A simple columnar epithelium that is part of a fundus of stomach." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005488 ! superior mesenteric plexus
name: superior mesenteric plexus
def: "The superior mesenteric plexus is a continuation of the lower part of the celiac plexus, receiving a branch from the junction of the right vagus nerve with the plexus. It surrounds the superior mesenteric artery, accompanies it into the mesentery, and divides into a number of secondary plexuses, which are distributed to all the parts supplied by the artery, viz. , pancreatic branches to the pancreas; intestinal branches to the small intestine; and ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches, which supply the corresponding parts of the great intestine. The nerves composing this plexus are white in color and firm in texture; in the upper part of the plexus close to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery is the superior mesenteric ganglion." [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_plexus]
synonym: "superior mesenteric nerve plexus" EXACT [FMA:6639]
xref: FMA:6639 ! superior mesenteric nerve plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001816 ! autonomic nerve plexus
synonym: "plexus mesentericus superior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:6639]
xref: SCTID:362493003 ! Entire superior mesenteric plexus
synonym: "plexus mesentericus superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray848.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005479
name: superior mesenteric ganglion
def: "In the upper part of the superior mesenteric plexus close to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery is a ganglion, the superior mesenteric ganglion. The superior mesenteric ganglion is the synapsing point for one of the pre- and post-synaptic nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomous nervous system. This nerve goes on to innervate part of the large intestine." [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_ganglion]
synonym: "ganglion mesentericum superius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_ganglion]
synonym: "superior mesenteric ganglia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_ganglion]
xref: FMA:77589 ! Superior mesenteric ganglion
xref: EHDAA2:0001950 ! superior mesenteric ganglion
xref: EHDAA:8950 ! superior mesenteric ganglion
is_a: UBERON:0003964 ! prevertebral ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005488 ! superior mesenteric plexus
xref: SCTID:279276003 ! Superior mesenteric ganglion
synonym: "ganglion mesentericum superius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_ganglion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Gray839.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005480
name: superior orbital fissure
def: "The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone." [Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure]
comment: TODO add generic foramen class
synonym: "fissura orbitalis superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure]
synonym: "sphenoidal fissure" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure]
xref: FMA:54799 ! Superior orbital fissure
xref: EHDAA2:0001952 ! superior orbital fissure
xref: EMAPA:18718 ! superior of orbital fissure
xref: VHOG:0000553 ! superior orbital fissure
xref: EHDAA:10650 ! superior of orbital fissure
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull
xref: SCTID:280559002 ! Entire superior orbital fissure
synonym: "fissura orbitalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Orbita_mensch.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005481
name: tentorial sinus
def: "The straight sinus (also known by the alternate anatomical term tentorial sinus), within the human head, is an area beneath the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head towards the back. It drains from the inferior sagittal sinus (from the center of the brain) to the transverse sinuses (at the back of the head), then to the sigmoid sinuses below the brain. See diagram (at right): labeled in the brain as \"\" . The straight sinus (tentorial sinus) is situated along the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. It forms from the confluence of the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein (great vein of Galen). In cross-section it is triangular, contains a few transverse bands across its interior, and increases in size as it proceeds backward. It receives the superior cerebellar veins. The terminal part of the straight sinus drains into the confluence of the sinuses." [Wikipedia:Straight_sinus]
comment: retired in ncit
synonym: "rectus sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Straight_sinus]
synonym: "straight sinus vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Straight_sinus]
synonym: "straight sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Straight_sinus]
xref: FMA:50769 ! Straight sinus
xref: EHDAA2:0002003 ! tentorial sinus
xref: EHDAA:9882 ! tentorial sinus
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Straight_Sinus ! Straight Sinus
synonym: "sinus rectus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Straight_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif
xref: SCTID:279261006 ! Entire straight sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011741 ! cardiac valve leaflet
name: cardiac valve leaflet
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000946 ! cardial valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011742
name: aortic valve leaflet
intersection_of: UBERON:0011741 ! cardiac valve leaflet
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002137 ! aortic valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010172 {source="MP"} ! bulb of aorta
xref: VHOG:0000819 ! aortic valve leaflets
xref: EMAPA:18627 ! leaflets
synonym: "aortic valve leaflets" EXACT [VHOG:0000819]
property_value: homology_notes "Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000819", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566  Combs MD\, Yutzey KE\, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A cardiac valve leaflet that is part of a aortic valve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011745
name: pulmonary valve leaflets
intersection_of: UBERON:0011741 ! cardiac valve leaflet
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002146  ! pulmonary valve
xref: VHOG:0000820 ! pulmonary valve leaflets
xref: EMAPA:18629 ! leaflets
property_value: homology_notes "Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000820", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566  Combs MD\, Yutzey KE\, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A cardiac valve leaflet that is part of a pulmonary valve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005484
name: tricuspid valve leaflet
synonym: "tricuspid valve leaflet" EXACT [FMA:7237]
synonym: "tricuspid valvular leaflet" EXACT [FMA:7237]
synonym: "leaflet of tricuspid valve" EXACT [FMA:7237]
xref: FMA:7237 ! Leaflet of tricuspid valve
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002082 ! tricuspid valve leaflets
xref: EMAPA:18630 ! leaflets of tricuspid valve
xref: VHOG:0000821 ! tricuspid valve leaflets
intersection_of: UBERON:0011741 ! cardiac valve leaflet
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002134 ! tricuspid valve
xref: SCTID:276830008 ! Entire leaflet of tricuspid valve
synonym: "tricuspid valve leaflets" EXACT [VHOG:0000821]
property_value: homology_notes "The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000821", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566 Combs MD\, Yutzey KE\, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A cardiac valve leaflet that is part of a tricuspid valve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005485
name: valve of inferior vena cava
def: "The valve of the inferior vena cava (eustachian valve) lies at the junction of the inferior vena cava and right atrium. In fetal life, the Eustachian valve helps direct the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the right atrium into the left atrium via the foramen ovale (preventing blood flowing into the right ventricle). Before birth, oxygen rich blood returning from the placenta mixes with blood from the hepatic veins in the inferior vena cava. Streaming this blood across the atrial septum via the foramen ovale increases the oxygen content of blood in the left atrium. This in turn increases the oxygen concentration of blood in the left ventricle, the aorta, the coronary circulation and the circulation of the developing brain. Following birth and separation from the placenta, the oxygen content in the inferior vena cava falls. With the onset of breathing, the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. As blood flow to the lungs increases, the amount of blood flow entering the left atrium increases. When the pressure in the left atrium exceeds the pressure in the right atrium, the foramen ovale begins to close and limits the blood flow between the left and right atrium. While the Eustachian valve persists in adult life, it is essentially vestigial. Eustachian Valve (EV), also called valvulae venae cavae inferioris, was described for the first time by the Italian anatomist: Bartolomeo Eustachi (born between 1500 and 1513, died 1574)." [Wikipedia:Valve_of_inferior_vena_cava]
comment: editor note: this class should be subdivided into the embryonic structure and the vestigial adult remnant, a small endocardialfold
synonym: "valve of the inferior vena cava" RELATED [Wikipedia:Valve_of_inferior_vena_cava]
synonym: "eustachean valve" EXACT [FMA:9240]
synonym: "eustachian valve" EXACT [FMA:9240]
synonym: "inferior vena cava valve" EXACT [FMA:9240]
xref: FMA:9240 ! Valve of inferior vena cava
xref: EHDAA2:0002166 ! valve of inferior vena cava
xref: EHDAA:8631 ! valve of inferior vena cava
is_a: UBERON:0000946 ! cardial valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001072 ! inferior vena cava
xref: ncithesaurus:Eustachian_Valve ! Eustachian Valve
xref: SCTID:277722006 ! Entire valve of inferior vena cava
synonym: "valvula venae cavae inferioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Valve_of_inferior_vena_cava]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png
xref: UMLS:C0225848

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006615 ! venous sinus
name: venous sinus
def: "a large vein or channel for the circulation of venous blood" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/venous+sinus]
comment: todo - add subclasses
xref: MA:0000070 ! venous sinus
is_a: UBERON:0003920 ! venous blood vessel
xref: ncithesaurus:Venous_Sinus ! Venous Sinus
xref: SCTID:341586007 ! Entire venous sinus
xref: UMLS:C0226504

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005486
name: venous dural sinus
def: "The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain.[1] They receive blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein." [Wikipedia:Dural_venous_sinuses]
comment: editor note: the MA placement should be checked
synonym: "cranial dural venous sinus" EXACT [FMA:50762]
synonym: "venous dural sinus" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002169]
synonym: "dural sinus" EXACT [FMA:50762]
synonym: "venous dural" EXACT [EHDAA:6491]
synonym: "dural venous sinus" EXACT [FMA:50762]
xref: FMA:50762 ! Dural venous sinus
xref: EHDAA2:0002169 ! venous dural sinus
xref: EHDAA:6491 ! venous dural
xref: MA:0002113 ! dural vein
xref: EMAPA:18634 ! venous dural
xref: VHOG:0001004 ! venous dural
is_a: UBERON:0006615 ! venous sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003711 ! brachiocephalic vein
xref: SCTID:54944003 ! Dural sinus
synonym: "s. durae matris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dural_venous_sinuses]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif
synonym: "dural vein" EXACT [MA:0002113]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005475
name: sigmoid sinus
def: "a portion of the lateral venous sinus, bulging prominently into the mastoid cavity, that serves as a principal conduit by which blood leaves the cranium[EPIC]. The sigmoid is drained by the internal jugular vein" [Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryS.html]
xref: FMA:50782 ! Sigmoid sinus
xref: EHDAA2:0001838 ! sigmoid sinus
xref: EMAPA:19060 ! sigmoid
xref: VHOG:0001337 ! sigmoid sinus
xref: EHDAA:9880 ! sigmoid sinus
is_a: UBERON:0005486 ! venous dural sinus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001586 {source="Palaeos"} ! internal jugular vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Sinus ! Sigmoid Sinus
xref: SCTID:279264003 ! Entire sigmoid sinus
synonym: "sulcus sigmoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray488_blue.gif
property_value: external_definition "The sigmoid sinuses, within a human head, are 2 areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. They drain from the transverse sinuses (under the back of the brain) to the internal jugular vein. Each sigmoid sinus begins beneath the temporal bone and follows a tortuous course to the jugular foramen, at which point the sinus becomes continuous with the internal jugular vein[Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005491
name: glossopharyngeal neural crest
def: "Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the glossopharyngeal ganglion." [ZFA:0007066]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0007066 ! glossopharyngeal neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000714 ! glossopharyngeal neural crest
xref: EHDAA:660 ! glossopharyngeal neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0003099 ! cranial neural crest
xref: TAO:0007066 ! glossopharyngeal neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005496 ! neural tube lateral wall
name: neural tube lateral wall
def: "Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube." [ZFA:0001435]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall neural tube" EXACT [ZFA:0001435]
xref: ZFA:0001435 ! lateral wall neural tube
xref: EHDAA2:0001257 ! neural tube lateral wall
xref: EHDAA:2873 ! lateral wall
xref: EHDAA:912 ! lateral wall
xref: VHOG:0000513 ! lateral wall spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0000060 ! anatomical wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
xref: TAO:0001435 ! lateral wall neural tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005495
name: midbrain lateral wall
synonym: "lateral wall midbrain" EXACT [ZFA:0000906]
xref: ZFA:0000906 ! lateral wall midbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0001171 ! midbrain lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16976 ! lateral wall of midbrain
xref: VHOG:0000455 ! lateral wall midbrain
xref: EHDAA:3700 ! lateral wall of midbrain
is_a: UBERON:0005496 ! neural tube lateral wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
xref: TAO:0000906 ! lateral wall midbrain
synonym: "lateral wall mesencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0000455]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005591
name: diencephalon lateral wall
synonym: "lateral wall diencephalon" EXACT [ZFA:0000780]
xref: ZFA:0000780 ! lateral wall diencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0000396 ! diencephalon lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16650 ! lateral wall of diencephalon of future forebrain
xref: EMAPA:16905 ! lateral wall of diencephalon of forebrain
xref: VHOG:0000596 ! lateral wall diencephalon
xref: EHDAA:1977 ! lateral wall of diencephalon of prosencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0005496 ! neural tube lateral wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: TAO:0000780 ! lateral wall diencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009582
name: spinal cord lateral wall
synonym: "lateral wall spinal cord" EXACT [ZFA:0000996]
is_a: UBERON:0005496 ! neural tube lateral wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 {source="EMAPA"} ! spinal cord
xref: EMAPA:17579 ! lateral wall of spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: ZFA:0000996 ! lateral wall spinal cord
xref: TAO:0000996 ! lateral wall spinal cord
xref: EFO:0003602 ! lateral wall spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005499
name: rhombomere 1
def: "Hindbrain segment or neuromere 1." [ZFA:0001031]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "r1" EXACT [ZFA:0001031]
xref: ZFA:0001031 ! rhombomere 1
xref: EHDAA2:0001637 ! rhombomere 1
xref: EMAPA:16290 ! rhombomere 01 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16480 ! rhombomere 01 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16918 ! rhombomere 01 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17092 ! rhombomere 01 of metencephalon
xref: EFO:0003608 ! rhombomere 1
is_a: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007289 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive rhombomere 1
property_value: rhombomere_number "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0001031 ! rhombomere 1
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001031", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
name: rhombomere floor plate
xref: EHDAA2:0004324 ! rhombencephalon floor plate
synonym: "rhombencephalon floor plate" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004324]
xref: VHOG:0001019 ! floor plate rhombomeres
xref: ZFA:0001258 ! floor plate rhombomere region
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere region" EXACT [ZFA:0001258]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
xref: TAO:0001258 ! floor plate hindbrain
synonym: "floor plate hindbrain" EXACT [VHOG:0001019]
synonym: "floor plate rhombencephalon" RELATED [VHOG:0001019]
synonym: "floorplate hindbrain" RELATED [VHOG:0001019]
property_value: homology_notes "In summary, the available data for tunicates, amphioxus, and vertebrates indicate that a floorplate-like structure was already present in the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates and that the genetic mechanisms for DV patterning of the nerve cord were also largely in place.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001019", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND\, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
name: rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: UBERON:0005496 ! neural tube lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
def: "A neural tube lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
name: rhombomere roof plate
xref: VHOG:0001018 ! roof plate rhombomeres
xref: ZFA:0001311 ! roof plate rhombomere region
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere region" EXACT [ZFA:0001311]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
xref: TAO:0001311 ! roof plate rhombomere
synonym: "roof plate rhombomeres" EXACT [VHOG:0001018]
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere" EXACT [TAO:0001311]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005507
name: rhombomere 3
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "r3" EXACT [ZFA:0000948]
xref: ZFA:0000948 ! rhombomere 3
xref: EHDAA2:0001657 ! rhombomere 3
xref: EMAPA:16297 ! rhombomere 03 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16488 ! rhombomere 03 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16932 ! rhombomere 03 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17106 ! rhombomere 03 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003596 ! rhombomere 3
is_a: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
xref: XAO:0004081 ! rhombomere R3
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007290 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive rhombomere 3
property_value: rhombomere_number "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0000948 ! rhombomere 3
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000948", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005511
name: rhombomere 4
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "r4" EXACT [ZFA:0001032]
xref: ZFA:0001032 ! rhombomere 4
xref: EHDAA2:0001667 ! rhombomere 4
xref: EMAPA:16301 ! rhombomere 04 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16492 ! rhombomere 04 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16939 ! rhombomere 04 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17113 ! rhombomere 04 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003609 ! rhombomere 4
is_a: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
xref: XAO:0004082 ! rhombomere R4
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007291 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive rhombomere 4
property_value: rhombomere_number "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0001032 ! rhombomere 4
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001032", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005515
name: rhombomere 5
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "r5" EXACT [ZFA:0000823]
xref: ZFA:0000823 ! rhombomere 5
xref: EHDAA2:0001677 ! rhombomere 5
xref: EMAPA:16305 ! rhombomere 05 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16496 ! rhombomere 05 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16946 ! rhombomere 05 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17120 ! rhombomere 05 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003580 ! rhombomere 5
is_a: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
xref: XAO:0004083 ! rhombomere R5
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007292 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive rhombomere 5
property_value: rhombomere_number "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0000823 ! rhombomere 5
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000823", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005519
name: rhombomere 6
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "r6" EXACT [ZFA:0000069]
xref: ZFA:0000069 ! rhombomere 6
xref: EHDAA2:0001687 ! rhombomere 6
xref: EMAPA:16500 ! rhombomere 06 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16953 ! rhombomere 06 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17127 ! rhombomere 06 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003480 ! rhombomere 6
is_a: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
xref: XAO:0004084 ! rhombomere R6
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007293 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive rhombomere 6
property_value: rhombomere_number "6" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0000069 ! rhombomere 6
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000069", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005523
name: rhombomere 7
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "r7" EXACT [ZFA:0000949]
xref: ZFA:0000949 ! rhombomere 7
xref: EHDAA2:0001697 ! rhombomere 7
xref: EMAPA:16504 ! rhombomere 07 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16960 ! rhombomere 07 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17134 ! rhombomere 07 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003597 ! rhombomere 7
is_a: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007294 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive rhombomere 7
property_value: rhombomere_number "7" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0000949 ! rhombomere 7
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000949", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005527
name: rhombomere 8
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "r8" EXACT [ZFA:0000153]
xref: ZFA:0000153 ! rhombomere 8
xref: EHDAA2:0001707 ! rhombomere 8
xref: EMAPA:16508 ! rhombomere 08 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16967 ! rhombomere 08 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17141 ! rhombomere 08 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003500 ! rhombomere 8
is_a: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007295 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive rhombomere 8
property_value: rhombomere_number "8" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0000153 ! rhombomere 8
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000153", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005561
name: telencephalon lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall telencephalon" EXACT [ZFA:0000785]
xref: ZFA:0000785 ! lateral wall telencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001985 ! telencephalon lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16656 ! lateral wall of telencephalon of future forebrain
xref: VHOG:0000023 ! telencephalon lateral wall
xref: EHDAA:3504 ! lateral wall of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0005496 ! neural tube lateral wall
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
xref: TAO:0000785 ! lateral wall telencephalon
property_value: external_definition "Lateral wall that is part of the telencephalon. [Bgee_curator][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000023", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005562
name: thymus primordium
def: "A small outgrowth of the pharyngeal epithelium that is the site of lymphocyte cell production[ZFA]. [PMID]." [ZFA:0001077]
comment: Editor notes: we follow Kardong table 13.1 in having some developmental contribution of pouch 4 in mammals, but this isn't reflected in EHDAA2. Development notes: Consider adding distinct term for mesenchyme (see EHDAA2), to indicate NC constribution. Taxon notes: variability of developmental origin: In fish, thymic primordia are generated by all the pouches except the first. However, in avians the thymus arises from pouches 3 and 4, whereas in humans it is only generated by the third pouch[PMID:16313389] The thymus arises from the second pouch in frogs, 2-6 in cartilaginous fish, 2-3 in reptiles, 3 or 4 in bony fish, birds and mammals. The final number is variable - 5 paired organs in sharks, 4 in caecilians, 3 in urodeles, 1 in many teleost, anurans and many mammals[ISBN-10:0781714125]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "thymic rudiment" EXACT [ZFA:0001077]
synonym: "thymic primordium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: ZFA:0001077 ! thymus primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0002023 ! thymus primordium
xref: EMAPA:17523 ! thymus primordium of gland of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18536 ! thymus primordium of haemolymphoid system of gland of organ system
xref: EHDAA:2969 ! thymus primordium
xref: EFO:0003622 ! thymus primordium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 {source="ZFA"} ! epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 {source="EHDAA2"} ! neck
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003295 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gland of pharynx
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005428 {source="ZFA", notes="mesenchymal", source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! vagal neural crest
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010023 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7778", notes="Elasmobranchii", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010025 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7778", notes="Elasmobranchii", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010027 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7778", notes="Elasmobranchii", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010029 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:7778", notes="Elasmobranchii", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 5
relationship: develops_from                       UBERON:0010023 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8342", notes="Anuran", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010023 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8504", notes="Lizard", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010025 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8504", notes="Lizard", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010025 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8459", notes="Turtles", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010027 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8459", notes="Turtles", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010027 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8570", notes="Snakes", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010029 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8570", notes="Snakes", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 5
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010025 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8293", notes="Urodele", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010027 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8293", notes="Urodele", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010029 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8293", notes="Urodele", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 5
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010025 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8782", notes="Aves", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010027 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:8782", notes="Aves", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010026 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", notes="Mammals", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1", source="EHDAA2"} ! ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010028 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:40674", notes="Mammals", source="ISBN10:0073040584-table13.1"} ! ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007690 {source="ZFA"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002405 {source="ZFA"} ! immune system
xref: TAO:0001077 ! thymus primordium
property_value: external_definition "A small outgrowth of the pharyngeal epithelium that is the site of lymphocyte cell production. Willett et al, 1999.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001077", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008817
name: thymus primordium endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005562 ! thymus primordium
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0007124 {source="PMID:16313389"} ! pharyngeal pouch 3
def: "An endoderm that is part of a thymus primordium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005563 ! trigeminal neural crest
name: trigeminal neural crest
def: "Cranial neural crest which gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion." [ZFA:0000080]
comment: Editor note: todo - compare ZFA and EHDAA2 representation
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: ZFA:0000080 ! trigeminal neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0002083 ! trigeminal neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16170 ! trigeminal neural crest
xref: VHOG:0000269 ! trigeminal neural crest
xref: EHDAA:667 ! trigeminal neural crest
xref: EFO:0003484 ! trigeminal neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0003099 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0007530 {source="EHDAA2"} ! migrating mesenchyme population
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007213 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from head neural crest
xref: TAO:0000080 ! trigeminal neural crest
property_value: homology_notes "We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000269", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005564 ! gonad primordium
name: gonad primordium
def: "Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad." [ZFA:0001262]
comment: Taxon notes: this is a very broad grouping class
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "gonadal primordium" EXACT [ZFA:0001262]
synonym: "undifferentiated gonad" EXACT [ZFA:0001262]
xref: ZFA:0001262 ! gonad primordium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002148 ! gonad primordium
xref: EHDAA:5927 ! gonad primordium
xref: EMAPA:17204  ! gonad primordium
xref: EFO:0003651 ! gonad primordium
xref: WBbt:0008366 ! gonadal primordium
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="ZFA"} ! tissue
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="Obol"} ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000990 {source="ZFA"} ! reproductive system
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000991 ! gonad
xref: TAO:0001262 ! gonad primordium
property_value: external_definition "Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001262", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005566
name: rhombomere 1 floor plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floor plate r1" EXACT [ZFA:0000882]
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere 1" EXACT [ZFA:0000882]
xref: ZFA:0000882 ! floor plate rhombomere 1
xref: EHDAA2:0001640 ! rhombomere 1 floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16291 ! floor plate of rhombomere 01 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16481 ! floor plate of rhombomere 01 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16919 ! floor plate of rhombomere 01 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17093 ! floor plate of rhombomere 01 of metencephalon (also: UBERON:0003310 'floor plate of metencephalon')
xref: EFO:0003584 ! floor plate rhombomere 1
is_a: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005499 ! rhombomere 1
xref: TAO:0000882 ! floor plate rhombomere 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005567
name: rhombomere 1 lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall rhombomere 1" EXACT [ZFA:0000781]
xref: ZFA:0000781 ! lateral wall rhombomere 1
xref: EHDAA2:0001641 ! rhombomere 1 lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16482 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 01 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16920 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 01 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17094 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 01 of metencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005499 ! rhombomere 1
xref: TAO:0000781 ! lateral wall rhombomere 1
def: "A rhombomere lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005568
name: rhombomere 1 roof plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere 1" EXACT [ZFA:0001033]
xref: ZFA:0001033 ! roof plate rhombomere 1
xref: EHDAA2:0001645 ! rhombomere 1 roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16483 ! roof plate of rhombomere 01 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16924 ! roof plate of rhombomere 01 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17098 ! roof plate of rhombomere 01 of metencephalon (also: UBERON:0003302 'roof plate of metencephalon')
intersection_of: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005499 ! rhombomere 1
xref: TAO:0001033 ! roof plate rhombomere 1
def: "A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005569 ! rhombomere 2
name: rhombomere 2
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "r2" EXACT [ZFA:0000822]
xref: ZFA:0000822 ! rhombomere 2
xref: EHDAA2:0001647 ! rhombomere 2
xref: EMAPA:16293 ! rhombomere 02 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16484 ! rhombomere 02 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16925 ! rhombomere 02 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17099 ! rhombomere 02 of metencephalon
xref: EFO:0003579 ! rhombomere 2
is_a: UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
xref: XAO:0004080 ! rhombomere R2
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007296 {evidence="definitional"} ! presumptive rhombomere 2
property_value: rhombomere_number "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
xref: TAO:0000822 ! rhombomere 2
property_value: external_definition "Hindbrain segment or neuromere. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000822", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005570
name: rhombomere 2 floor plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floor plate r2" EXACT [ZFA:0000763]
synonym: "floorplate r2" EXACT [ZFA:0000763]
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere 2" EXACT [ZFA:0000763]
xref: ZFA:0000763 ! floor plate rhombomere 2
xref: EHDAA2:0001650 ! rhombomere 2 floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16294 ! floor plate of rhombomere 02 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16485 ! floor plate of rhombomere 02 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16926 ! floor plate of rhombomere 02 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17100 ! floor plate of rhombomere 02 of metencephalon (also: UBERON:0003310 'floor plate of metencephalon')
xref: EFO:0003568 ! floor plate rhombomere 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005569 ! rhombomere 2
xref: TAO:0000763 ! floor plate rhombomere 2
def: "A rhombomere floor plate that is part of a rhombomere 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005571
name: rhombomere 2 lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall rhombomere 2" EXACT [ZFA:0000907]
xref: ZFA:0000907 ! lateral wall rhombomere 2
xref: EHDAA2:0001651 ! rhombomere 2 lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16486 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 02 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16927 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 02 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17101 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 02 of metencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005569 ! rhombomere 2
xref: TAO:0000907 ! lateral wall rhombomere 2
def: "A rhombomere lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005572
name: rhombomere 2 roof plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere 2" EXACT [ZFA:0000824]
xref: ZFA:0000824 ! roof plate rhombomere 2
xref: EHDAA2:0001655 ! rhombomere 2 roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16487 ! roof plate of rhombomere 02 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16931 ! roof plate of rhombomere 02 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17105 ! roof plate of rhombomere 02 of metencephalon (also: UBERON:0003302 'roof plate of metencephalon')
intersection_of: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005569 ! rhombomere 2
xref: TAO:0000824 ! roof plate rhombomere 2
def: "A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005573
name: rhombomere 3 floor plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floor plate r3" EXACT [ZFA:0000888]
synonym: "floorplate r3" EXACT [ZFA:0000888]
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere 3" EXACT [ZFA:0000888]
xref: ZFA:0000888 ! floor plate rhombomere 3
xref: EHDAA2:0001660 ! rhombomere 3 floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16298 ! floor plate of rhombomere 03 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16489 ! floor plate of rhombomere 03 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16933 ! floor plate of rhombomere 03 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17107 ! floor plate of rhombomere 03 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003586 ! floor plate rhombomere 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005507 ! rhombomere 3
xref: TAO:0000888 ! floor plate rhombomere 3
def: "A rhombomere floor plate that is part of a rhombomere 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005574
name: rhombomere 3 lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall rhombomere 3" EXACT [ZFA:0000994]
xref: ZFA:0000994 ! lateral wall rhombomere 3
xref: EHDAA2:0001661 ! rhombomere 3 lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16490 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 03 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16934 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 03 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17108 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 03 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005507 ! rhombomere 3
xref: TAO:0000994 ! lateral wall rhombomere 3
def: "A rhombomere lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005575
name: rhombomere 3 roof plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere 3" EXACT [ZFA:0000950]
xref: ZFA:0000950 ! roof plate rhombomere 3
xref: EHDAA2:0001665 ! rhombomere 3 roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16491 ! roof plate of rhombomere 03 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16938 ! roof plate of rhombomere 03 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17112 ! roof plate of rhombomere 03 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005507 ! rhombomere 3
xref: TAO:0000950 ! roof plate rhombomere 3
def: "A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005576
name: rhombomere 4 floor plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floor plate r4" EXACT [ZFA:0000893]
synonym: "floorplate r4" EXACT [ZFA:0000893]
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere 4" EXACT [ZFA:0000893]
xref: ZFA:0000893 ! floor plate rhombomere 4
xref: EHDAA2:0001670 ! rhombomere 4 floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16302 ! floor plate of rhombomere 04 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16493 ! floor plate of rhombomere 04 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16940 ! floor plate of rhombomere 04 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17114 ! floor plate of rhombomere 04 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003588 ! floor plate rhombomere 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005511 ! rhombomere 4
xref: TAO:0000893 ! floor plate rhombomere 4
def: "A rhombomere floor plate that is part of a rhombomere 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005577
name: rhombomere 4 lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall rhombomere 4" EXACT [ZFA:0000782]
xref: ZFA:0000782 ! lateral wall rhombomere 4
xref: EHDAA2:0001671 ! rhombomere 4 lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16494 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 04 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16941 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 04 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17115 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 04 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005511 ! rhombomere 4
xref: TAO:0000782 ! lateral wall rhombomere 4
def: "A rhombomere lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005578
name: rhombomere 4 roof plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere 4" EXACT [ZFA:0001034]
xref: ZFA:0001034 ! roof plate rhombomere 4
xref: EHDAA2:0001675 ! rhombomere 4 roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16495 ! roof plate of rhombomere 04 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16945 ! roof plate of rhombomere 04 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17119 ! roof plate of rhombomere 04 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005511 ! rhombomere 4
xref: TAO:0001034 ! roof plate rhombomere 4
def: "A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005579
name: rhombomere 5 floor plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floor plate r5" EXACT [ZFA:0000764]
synonym: "floorplate r5" EXACT [ZFA:0000764]
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere 5" EXACT [ZFA:0000764]
xref: ZFA:0000764 ! floor plate rhombomere 5
xref: EHDAA2:0001680 ! rhombomere 5 floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16306 ! floor plate of rhombomere 05 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16497 ! floor plate of rhombomere 05 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16947 ! floor plate of rhombomere 05 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17121 ! floor plate of rhombomere 05 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003569 ! floor plate rhombomere 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005515 ! rhombomere 5
xref: TAO:0000764 ! floor plate rhombomere 5
def: "A rhombomere floor plate that is part of a rhombomere 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005580
name: rhombomere 5 lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall rhombomere 5" EXACT [ZFA:0000908]
xref: ZFA:0000908 ! lateral wall rhombomere 5
xref: EHDAA2:0001681 ! rhombomere 5 lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16498 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 05 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16948 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 05 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17122 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 05 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005515 ! rhombomere 5
xref: TAO:0000908 ! lateral wall rhombomere 5
def: "A rhombomere lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005581
name: rhombomere 5 roof plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere 5" EXACT [ZFA:0000828]
xref: ZFA:0000828 ! roof plate rhombomere 5
xref: EHDAA2:0001685 ! rhombomere 5 roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16499 ! roof plate of rhombomere 05 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16952 ! roof plate of rhombomere 05 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17126 ! roof plate of rhombomere 05 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005515 ! rhombomere 5
xref: TAO:0000828 ! roof plate rhombomere 5
def: "A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005582
name: rhombomere 6 floor plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floor plate r6" EXACT [ZFA:0000889]
synonym: "floorplate r6" EXACT [ZFA:0000889]
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere 6" EXACT [ZFA:0000889]
xref: ZFA:0000889 ! floor plate rhombomere 6
xref: EHDAA2:0001690 ! rhombomere 6 floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16501 ! floor plate of rhombomere 06 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16954 ! floor plate of rhombomere 06 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17128 ! floor plate of rhombomere 06 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003587 ! floor plate rhombomere 6
intersection_of: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005519 ! rhombomere 6
xref: TAO:0000889 ! floor plate rhombomere 6
def: "A rhombomere floor plate that is part of a rhombomere 6." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005583
name: rhombomere 6 lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall rhombomere 6" EXACT [ZFA:0000995]
xref: ZFA:0000995 ! lateral wall rhombomere 6
xref: EHDAA2:0001691 ! rhombomere 6 lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16502 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 06 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16955 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 06 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17129 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 06 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005519 ! rhombomere 6
xref: TAO:0000995 ! lateral wall rhombomere 6
def: "A rhombomere lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere 6." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005584
name: rhombomere 6 roof plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere 6" EXACT [ZFA:0000825]
xref: ZFA:0000825 ! roof plate rhombomere 6
xref: EHDAA2:0001695 ! rhombomere 6 roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16503 ! roof plate of rhombomere 06 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16959 ! roof plate of rhombomere 06 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17133 ! roof plate of rhombomere 06 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005519 ! rhombomere 6
xref: TAO:0000825 ! roof plate rhombomere 6
def: "A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 6." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005585
name: rhombomere 7 floor plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floor plate r7" EXACT [ZFA:0000904]
synonym: "floorplate r7" EXACT [ZFA:0000904]
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere 7" EXACT [ZFA:0000904]
xref: ZFA:0000904 ! floor plate rhombomere 7
xref: EHDAA2:0001700 ! rhombomere 7 floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16505 ! floor plate of rhombomere 07 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16961 ! floor plate of rhombomere 07 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17135 ! floor plate of rhombomere 07 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003589 ! floor plate rhombomere 7
intersection_of: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005523 ! rhombomere 7
xref: TAO:0000904 ! floor plate rhombomere 7
def: "A rhombomere floor plate that is part of a rhombomere 7." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005586
name: rhombomere 7 lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall rhombomere 7" EXACT [ZFA:0000783]
xref: ZFA:0000783 ! lateral wall rhombomere 7
xref: EHDAA2:0001701 ! rhombomere 7 lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16506 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 07 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16962 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 07 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17136 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 07 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005523 ! rhombomere 7
xref: TAO:0000783 ! lateral wall rhombomere 7
def: "A rhombomere lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere 7." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005587
name: rhombomere 7 roof plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere 7" EXACT [ZFA:0000951]
xref: ZFA:0000951 ! roof plate rhombomere 7
xref: EHDAA2:0001705 ! rhombomere 7 roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16507 ! roof plate of rhombomere 07 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16966 ! roof plate of rhombomere 07 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17140 ! roof plate of rhombomere 07 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005523 ! rhombomere 7
xref: TAO:0000951 ! roof plate rhombomere 7
def: "A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 7." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005588
name: rhombomere 8 floor plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "floor plate r8" EXACT [ZFA:0000765]
synonym: "floorplate r8" EXACT [ZFA:0000765]
synonym: "floor plate rhombomere 8" EXACT [ZFA:0000765]
xref: ZFA:0000765 ! floor plate rhombomere 8
xref: EHDAA2:0001709 ! rhombomere 8 floor plate
xref: EMAPA:16509 ! floor plate of rhombomere 08 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16968 ! floor plate of rhombomere 08 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17142 ! floor plate of rhombomere 08 of myelencephalon
xref: EFO:0003570 ! floor plate rhombomere 8
intersection_of: UBERON:0005500 ! rhombomere floor plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005527 ! rhombomere 8
xref: TAO:0000765 ! floor plate rhombomere 8
def: "A rhombomere floor plate that is part of a rhombomere 8." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005589
name: rhombomere 8 lateral wall
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral wall rhombomere 8" EXACT [ZFA:0000909]
xref: ZFA:0000909 ! lateral wall rhombomere 8
xref: EHDAA2:0001710 ! rhombomere 8 lateral wall
xref: EMAPA:16510 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 08 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16969 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 08 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17143 ! lateral wall of rhombomere 08 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005501 ! rhombomere lateral wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005527 ! rhombomere 8
xref: TAO:0000909 ! lateral wall rhombomere 8
def: "A rhombomere lateral wall that is part of a rhombomere 8." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005590
name: rhombomere 8 roof plate
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "roof plate rhombomere 8" EXACT [ZFA:0001035]
xref: ZFA:0001035 ! roof plate rhombomere 8
xref: EHDAA2:0001714 ! rhombomere 8 roof plate
xref: EMAPA:16511 ! roof plate of rhombomere 08 of future rhombencephalon of future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16973 ! roof plate of rhombomere 08 of hindbrain of brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:17147 ! roof plate of rhombomere 08 of myelencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005502 ! rhombomere roof plate
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005527 ! rhombomere 8
xref: TAO:0001035 ! roof plate rhombomere 8
def: "A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 8." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012172
name: stomach primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="Obol"} ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003258 ! endoderm of foregut
xref: ncithesaurus:Stomach_Primordium ! stomach primordium
xref: EFO:0002580 ! stomach endoderm
synonym: "stomach endoderm" RELATED [EFO:0002580]
xref: UMLS:C1514976

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008947 ! respiratory primordium
name: respiratory primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="Obol"} ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003258 ! endoderm of foregut
xref: EHDAA2:0004069 ! respiratory primordium
xref: ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Primordium ! Respiratory Primordium
xref: UMLS:C1514898

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005597 ! lung primordium
name: lung primordium
def: "A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum." [XAO:0001002]
synonym: "lateral diverticula" RELATED [XAO:0001002]
synonym: "lung endoderm" RELATED [EFO:0002578]
xref: XAO:0001002 ! lung primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 {source="XAO"} ! primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001041 {source="XAO"} ! foregut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008947 ! respiratory primordium
xref: AAO:0011059 ! lung primordium
xref: EFO:0002578 ! lung endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000118
name: lung bud
def: "Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]." [GO:0060431, Wikipedia:Respiratory_bud]
comment: Editors note: clarify successors - include bronchi?
synonym: "primary lung bud" RELATED [GO:0060572]
synonym: "lung bud" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "respiratory diverticulum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lung_buds]
synonym: "gemma respiratoria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lung_buds]
synonym: "gemma pulmonalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lung_buds]
xref: BTO:0001643 ! lung bud
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gray948.png/200px-Gray948.png
is_a: UBERON:0005153 {source="GO:0060441"} ! epithelial bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005597 ! lung primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008947 {source="EHDAA2"} ! respiratory primordium
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004872 ! splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0004089 ! lung bud
xref: SCTID:361427007 ! Lung bud
xref: ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Diverticulum ! Respiratory Diverticulum
xref: ncithesaurus:Primary_Bronchial_Bud ! primary bronchial bud
xref: UMLS:C1514420
xref: UMLS:C1514897

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012925
name: bronchial bud
xref: BTO:0001641 ! bronchial bud
is_a: UBERON:0005153 {source="GO:0060441"} ! epithelial bud
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005597 ! lung primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005594
name: head somite
def: "Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle" [PMID:11830559]
comment: Development notes: They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished).  during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983)[PMID:11830559]. AO notes: EHDAA2 has both 'head somite' and 'head somite group', with part_of and develops_from for latter. Taxon notes: in humans this includes somites 1-4
synonym: "cranial somite" RELATED [XAO:0000313]
synonym: "occipital somite" EXACT [XAO:0000313, PMID:11830559]
xref: XAO:0000313 ! head somite
xref: EHDAA2:0003437 ! head somite
xref: EMAPA:16172 ! somite
intersection_of: UBERON:0002329 ! somite
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0009617 ! head paraxial mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009617 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head paraxial mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009617 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head paraxial mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005598
name: trunk somite
xref: XAO:0000314 ! trunk somite
xref: EHDAA2:0003438 ! trunk somite
intersection_of: UBERON:0002329 ! somite
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002100 ! trunk
xref: AAO:0010385 ! trunk somite
xref: EMAPA:16184 ! somite
def: "A somite that is part of a trunk." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009621
name: tail somite
intersection_of: UBERON:0002329 ! somite
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002415 ! tail
xref: AAO:0010383 ! tail somite
xref: XAO:0003143 ! tail somite
xref: EMAPA:16860 ! somite
def: "A somite that is part of a tail." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005599
name: common dorsal aorta
xref: MA:0000477 ! common dorsal aorta
xref: EHDAA2:0000307 ! common dorsal aorta
xref: EMAPA:16327 ! common of dorsal aorta of arterial system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: EHDAA:1251 ! common of dorsal aorta
is_a: UBERON:0000947 ! aorta
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005805 ! dorsal aorta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005600
name: crus commune
synonym: "crus commune" RELATED [MA:0001210]
xref: MA:0001210 ! crus commune
xref: EHDAA2:0000330 ! crus commune
xref: EMAPA:17818 ! crus commune
xref: VHOG:0001344 ! crus commune
xref: EHDAA:7783 ! crus commune
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001856 ! semicircular duct
xref: SCTID:279758009 ! Crus commune

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005606 ! hyaloid cavity
name: hyaloid cavity
xref: MA:0000272 ! hyaloid cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0000789 ! hyaloid cavity
xref: EMAPA:17302 ! hyaloid cavity
xref: VHOG:0001477 ! hyaloid cavity
xref: EHDAA:4733 ! hyaloid cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002203 ! vasculature of eye
relationship: has_quality PATO:0000608 ! closed
property_value: external_definition "A depression in the front of the vitreous body, lodging the lens. [adapted_from_the_definition_of_the_hyaloid_fossa]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001477", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyaloid+fossa", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005492 ! hyaloid vessel
name: hyaloid vessel
def: "blood vessel of transient vascular system of the eye during development, that normally nourishes the retina, immature lens and primary vitreous of the developing eye." [MP:0001289]
comment: note we are currently conflating vessel and vasculature - we may wish to split this class - see also vascular plexus term
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hyaloid vascular system" RELATED [MP:0001289]
synonym: "hyaloid vasculature" RELATED [ZFA:0005046]
synonym: "hyaloid capillary system" RELATED [MP:0001289]
xref: ZFA:0005046 ! hyaloid vessel
xref: VHOG:0000232 ! hyaloid vessels
xref: EHDAA:4735 ! hyaloid vessels
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002203 {source="ZFA-modified"} ! vasculature of eye
xref: XAO:0004154 ! hyaloid blood vessel
xref: TAO:0005046 ! hyaloid vessel
synonym: "hyaloid vessels" EXACT PLURAL [TAO:0005046]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006011
name: hyaloid vein
synonym: "hyaloid veins" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0005047]
xref: ZFA:0005047 ! hyaloid vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000791 ! hyaloid vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
is_a: UBERON:0005492 ! hyaloid vessel
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011191 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ophthalmic vein
xref: XAO:0004156 ! hyaloid vein
xref: TAO:0005047 ! hyaloid vein
property_value: external_definition "Vein internal to the eye. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005047", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002270
name: hyaloid artery
def: "The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet's canal. Cloquet's canal is named after the man who first described it, French physician Jules Germain Cloquet (1790b1883). Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as \"floaters\". An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf's dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister's papilla." [Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery]
comment: ZFA def is: Artery that is internal to the eye; this is more general than the human-centric definition here..
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "Cloquets canal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery]
synonym: "Cloquet's canal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery]
synonym: "central artery of retina" RELATED [EMAPA:19242]
xref: FMA:77670 ! Hyaloid artery
xref: TAO:0005045 ! hyaloid artery
xref: ZFA:0005045 ! hyaloid artery
xref: VHOG:0001478 ! hyaloid artery
xref: EMAPA:19242 ! hyaloid artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg/200px-Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="ZFA"} ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005492 {source="ZFA"} ! hyaloid vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003098 {source="Wikipedia"} ! optic stalk
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0006010 ! hyaloid canal
xref: EHDAA2:0004072 ! hyaloid artery
xref: SCTID:308790003 ! Entire hyaloid artery
xref: XAO:0004155 ! hyaloid artery
synonym: "arteria hyaloidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Artery that is internal to the eye. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005045", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006010 ! hyaloid canal
name: hyaloid canal
def: "Hyaloid canal is a small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optical nerve disc to the lens; in foetus it contains a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery. Other names: Cloquet's canal, Stilling's canal. The function of the canal is to provide an adjustable reservoir of mobile liquid which may be easily and rapidly displaced backwards in positive accommodation, forwards in negative accommodation[WP]. a passage running from in front of the optic disk to the lens of the eye; in the fetus, it transmits the hyaloid artery[TFD]." [Wikipedia:Hyaloid_canal, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hyaloid+canal]
comment: in FMA, this is_a FMA:67388 portion of vitreous humor
synonym: "canal of Cloquet" EXACT [FMA:58837]
synonym: "Cloquet's canal" EXACT [FMA:58837]
synonym: "Stilling's canal" EXACT [FMA:58837]
xref: FMA:58837 ! hyaloid canal
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001798 ! vitreous body
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002270 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hyaloid artery
xref: SCTID:362506002 ! Entire hyaloid canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Gray869.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005607
name: hyaloid vascular plexus
synonym: "hyaloid vascular system" RELATED []
xref: MA:0001283 ! hyaloid vascular plexus
xref: EHDAA2:0000790 ! hyaloid vascular plexus
xref: EMAPA:17303 ! hyaloid vascular plexus
xref: VHOG:0000442 ! hyaloid vascular plexus
xref: EHDAA:5703 ! hyaloid vascular plexus
is_a: UBERON:0005629 ! vascular plexus
relationship: located_in UBERON:0005606 ! hyaloid cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009141 {source="EHDAA2"} ! craniocervical region vein
xref: XAO:0004157 ! hyaloid vascular plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006358
name: vasa hyaloidea propria
def: "The vasa hyaloidea propria and tunica vasculosa lentis are small branches of the hyaloid artery which fill the primary vitreous" []
xref: MA:0001285 ! vasa hyaloidea propria
xref: EMAPA:18236 ! vasa hyaloidea propria
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005607 {source="EMAPA"} ! hyaloid vascular plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006305
name: tunica vasculosa lentis
def: "an extensive capillary network, spreading over the posterior and lateral surfaces of the lens of the eye. It disappears shortly after birth." [Wikipedia:Tunica_vasculosa_lentis]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18235 ! tunica vasculosa lentis
xref: EHDAA2:0002097 ! tunica vasculosa lentis
xref: VHOG:0000978 ! tunica vasculosa lentis
xref: EHDAA:5705 ! tunica vasculosa lentis
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005607 ! hyaloid vascular plexus
property_value: homology_notes "Soon after it forms, the mammalian lens becomes invested with a network of capillaries. (...) The capillary network on the posterior of the lens is the tunica vasculosa lentis (TVL).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000978", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.08.014 Beebe DC\, Maintening transparency: A review of the developmental physiology and pathophysiology of two avascular tissues.  Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (2008) Fig.1", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005628 ! ileal artery
name: ileal artery
def: "The ileal arteries feed oxygenated blood into the ileum, a portion of the small intestine in mammals, reptiles, and birds. They are branches of the superior mesenteric artery." [Wikipedia:Ileal_arteries]
synonym: "ileal branch of superior mesenteric artery" EXACT [FMA:14809]
xref: FMA:14809 ! Ileal artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001182 ! superior mesenteric artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001182 ! superior mesenteric artery
xref: galen:IlealArteries
xref: SCTID:265479003 ! Entire ileal artery
synonym: "arteriae ileales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ileal_arteries]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Gray535.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005610
name: iliac vein
xref: MA:0002142 ! iliac vein
xref: EHDAA2:0000811 ! iliac vein
xref: MESH:A07.231.908.427 ! iliac vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 ! pelvis
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliac_Vein ! Iliac Vein
xref: UMLS:C0020888

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006742 ! canthus
name: canthus
def: "Canthus (pl. canthi, palpebral commissures) is either corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. The bicanthal plane is the transversal plane linking both canthi and defines the upper boundary of the midface." [Wikipedia:Canthus]
synonym: "bicanthal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canthus]
synonym: "bicanthal plane" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canthus]
synonym: "canthi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canthus]
synonym: "canthoplasty" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canthus]
synonym: "canthorum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canthus]
synonym: "canthus %28anatomy%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canthus]
synonym: "palpebral commissure" EXACT [FMA:59222]
xref: FMA:59222 ! Palpebral commissure
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001713 ! lower eyelid
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001712 ! upper eyelid
xref: SCTID:181145006 ! Entire canthus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray892.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005611
name: inner canthus
synonym: "nasal canthus" RELATED []
synonym: "medial canthus" RELATED [MA:0001262]
synonym: "medial canthus of eye" RELATED []
synonym: "medial palpebral commissure" EXACT [FMA:59316]
xref: MA:0001262 ! inner canthus
xref: EHDAA2:0000829 ! inner canthus
xref: FMA:59316 ! Medial palpebral commissure
xref: EMAPA:17830 ! inner canthus
xref: VHOG:0000829 ! inner canthus
is_a: UBERON:0006742 ! canthus
xref: ncithesaurus:Inner_Canthus ! Inner Canthus
xref: SCTID:362526003 ! Entire medial canthus
property_value: external_definition "The angle at the end of the palpebral fissure, the slit between the eyelids, close to the nose. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, adapted_from_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, p.263][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000829", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1708516

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006726
name: outer canthus
comment: see also FMA:59321 ! Lateral angle of eye
synonym: "temporal canthus" RELATED []
synonym: "lateral canthus" RELATED [MA:0001264]
synonym: "lateral canthus of eye" EXACT [FMA:59321]
synonym: "lateral angle of eye" RELATED [FMA:59321]
synonym: "lateral palpebral commissure" EXACT [FMA:59315]
xref: FMA:59315 ! Lateral palpebral commissure
xref: MA:0001264 ! outer canthus
xref: EHDAA2:0000910 ! lateral canthus
xref: EHDAA:9039 ! lateral canthus
is_a: UBERON:0006742 ! canthus
xref: ncithesaurus:Outer_Canthus ! Outer Canthus
xref: SCTID:362525004 ! Entire lateral canthus
xref: VHOG:0001571 ! outer canthus
property_value: external_definition "The angle at the end of the palpebral fissure, the slit between the eyelids, close to the temporal region of the skull. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, adapted_from_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, p.263][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001571", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1711189

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005612 ! intercostal artery
name: intercostal artery
def: "One of a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs ('costae'), called the intercostal space." [Wikiepdia:Intercostal_arteries]
comment: TODO - add children
xref: MA:0001981 ! intercostal artery
xref: EHDAA2:0000840 ! intercostal artery
xref: EMAPA:18753 ! intercostal artery
xref: EHDAA:5307 ! intercostal artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Artery ! Intercostal Artery
xref: SCTID:281134007 ! Intercostal artery
xref: UMLS:C0459917

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005621
name: rhomboid
def: "A rhombus-shaped muscle associated with the scapula and chiefly responsible for its retraction. There are two rhomboid muscles." [Wikipedia:Rhomboid_muscles]
synonym: "rhomboid muscle" EXACT []
comment: TODO - add child terms
xref: MA:0002367 ! rhomboid
xref: EHDAA2:0001635 ! rhomboid
xref: VHOG:0001391 ! rhomboid muscle
xref: EHDAA:8315 ! rhomboid
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010985 {source="EHDAA2"} ! rhomboid pre-muscle mass
xref: SCTID:277441005 ! Rhomboid
xref: EHDAA2:0001635 ! rhomboid
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001125 {source="dbpedia"} ! serratus anterior
synonym: "musculus rhomboideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rhomboid_muscles]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000351 {source="dbpedia", notes="nuchal ligaments spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae"} ! nuchal ligament
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="nuchal ligaments spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae"} ! spinous process of vertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Rhomboidei.PNG
synonym: "rhomboideus" RELATED [VHOG:0001391]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010985
name: rhomboid pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0001636 ! rhomboid pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005623
name: semi-lunar valve
synonym: "semilunar valve" EXACT [MA:0002790]
synonym: "semilunar valves" EXACT PLURAL [MA:0002790]
xref: MA:0002790 ! semilunar valve
xref: EHDAA2:0001823 ! semi-lunar valves
xref: VHOG:0001393 ! semilunar valve
xref: EHDAA:4408 ! semi-lunar valves
is_a: UBERON:0000946 ! cardial valve
property_value: homology_notes "Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001393", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566 Combs MD\, Yutzey KE\, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005624
name: suprarenal artery
def: "Artery that supplies blood to the adrenal glands." [Wikipedia:Adrenal_artery]
synonym: "adrenal artery" RELATED [MA:0001914, Wikipedia:Adrenal_artery]
subset: grouping_class
xref: MA:0001914 ! suprarenal artery
xref: EHDAA2:0001965 ! suprarenal artery
xref: EHDAA:8596 ! suprarenal artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: supplies UBERON:0002369 ! adrenal gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Artery ! Adrenal Artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Suprarenal_Artery ! Suprarenal Artery
xref: SCTID:181342004 ! Entire adrenal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012173
name: middle suprarenal artery
def: "The middle suprarenal arteries (middle capsular arteries; suprarenal arteries) are two small vessels which arise, one from either side of the abdominal aorta, opposite the superior mesenteric artery. They pass laterally and slightly upward, over the crura of the diaphragm, to the suprarenal glands, where they anastomose with suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic and renal arteries. In the fetus these arteries are of large size." [Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries]
synonym: "middle suprarenal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries]
synonym: "middle suprarenal artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries]
synonym: "middle capsular artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries]
synonym: "arteria suprarenalis media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries]
synonym: "middle suprarenal arterial tree" EXACT  [FMA:14754]
is_a: UBERON:0005624 ! suprarenal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia"} ! abdominal aorta
xref: FMA:14754 ! middle suprarenal artery
xref: SCTID:303425000 ! Entire middle suprarenal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005636
name: caecum epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000209 ! caecum epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001153 ! cecum
def: "An epithelium that is part of a caecum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005637
name: pyloric region epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001582 ! pyloric region epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001927 ! stomach pyloric region epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17633 ! epithelium of pyloric region of stomach of foregut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001166 ! pylorus
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pylorus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005638
name: anterior chamber epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000130 ! anterior chamber epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001766 ! anterior chamber of eyeball
def: "An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005639
name: right lung cranial lobe epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001751 ! right lung cranial lobe epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002170 ! upper lobe of right lung
def: "An epithelium that is part of a upper lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005640
name: right lung caudal lobe epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001743 ! right lung caudal lobe epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002171 ! lower lobe of right lung
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lower lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005641
name: otocyst epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001344 ! otocyst epithelium
xref: EMAPA:16671 ! epithelium of otocyst
xref: EMAPA:16996 ! epithelium of endolymphatic appendage of otocyst
xref: EMAPA:16999 ! epithelium of other part
xref: VHOG:0000986 ! otocyst epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003051 ! ear vesicle
def: "An epithelium that is part of a ear vesicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005642
name: ultimobranchial body epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0002105 ! ultimobranchial body epithelium
comment: in EHDAA2, develops_from ventral 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm. Kardong: develops from 5th pouch. PMID:16313389: the most posterior pouch generates the ultimobranchial bodies in most vertebrate classes, mammals do not form this structure. 
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003092 ! ultimobranchial body
def: "An epithelium that is part of a ultimobranchial body." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005643
name: foregut duodenum epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000563 ! foregut duodenum epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003286 ! duodenum of foregut
def: "An epithelium that is part of a duodenum of foregut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005644
name: midgut duodenum epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001192 ! midgut duodenum epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003287 ! duodenum of midgut
def: "An epithelium that is part of a duodenum of midgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005227
name: manual digit epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "finger epithelium" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0001032
xref: EHDAA2:0000406 ! digital region epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010332 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelium of handplate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010690
name: manual digit 1 epithelium
synonym: "hand digit 1 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 1 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
xref: EHDAA2:0000512 ! finger 1 epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17430 ! epithelium of digit 1 of fore-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005645
name: manual digit 2 epithelium
synonym: "hand digit 2 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 2 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0000518 ! finger 2 epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
xref: EMAPA:17433 ! epithelium of digit 2 of fore-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005646
name: manual digit 3 epithelium
synonym: "hand digit 3 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 3 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0000524 ! finger 3 epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
xref: EMAPA:17436 ! epithelium of digit 3 of fore-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005647
name: manual digit 4 epithelium
synonym: "hand digit 4 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 4 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0000530 ! finger 4 epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
xref: EMAPA:17439 ! epithelium of digit 4 of fore-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005648
name: manual digit 5 epithelium
synonym: "hand digit 5 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 5 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0000536 ! finger 5 epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003625 ! manual digit 5
xref: EMAPA:17442 ! epithelium of digit 5 of fore-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a manual digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005226
name: pedal digit epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "toe epithelium" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0001031
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003248 {source="EHDAA2"} ! epithelium of footplate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010693
name: pedal digit 1 epithelium
synonym: "foot digit 1 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 1 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003631 ! pedal digit 1
xref: EHDAA2:0002038 ! toe 1 epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17461 ! epithelium of digit 1 of hind-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005649
name: pedal digit 2 epithelium
synonym: "foot digit 2 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 2 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0002043 ! toe 2 epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003632 ! pedal digit 2
xref: EMAPA:17464 ! epithelium of digit 2 of hind-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005650
name: pedal digit 3 epithelium
synonym: "foot digit 3 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 3 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0002048 ! toe 3 epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003633 ! pedal digit 3
xref: EMAPA:17467 ! epithelium of digit 3 of hind-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005651
name: pedal digit 4 epithelium
synonym: "foot digit 4 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 4 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0002053 ! toe 4 epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003634 ! pedal digit 4
xref: EMAPA:17470 ! epithelium of digit 4 of hind-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005652
name: pedal digit 5 epithelium
synonym: "foot digit 5 epithelium" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 5 epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0002058 ! toe 5 epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003635 ! pedal digit 5
xref: EMAPA:17473 ! epithelium of digit 5 of hind-paw
def: "An epithelium that is part of a pedal digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005655
name: right lung accessory lobe epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001735 ! right lung accessory lobe epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004890 ! right lung accessory lobe
def: "An epithelium that is part of a right lung accessory lobe." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005657
name: crus commune epithelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000332 ! crus commune epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17820 ! epithelium of crus commune (also: UBERON:0003241 'epithelium of utricle')
xref: VHOG:0000478 ! crus commune epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005600 ! crus commune
def: "An epithelium that is part of a crus commune." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005658
name: secondary palatal shelf epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001365 ! secondary palatal shelf epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17363 ! epithelium of palatal shelf of maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:17931 ! epithelium of palatal shelf of upper jaw
xref: VHOG:0001040 ! palatal shelf epithelium
synonym: "palatal shelf epithelium" RELATED [VHOG:0001040]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005619 ! secondary palatal shelf
def: "An epithelium that is part of a secondary palatal shelf." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005659
name: primary palate epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001500 ! primary palate epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17643 ! epithelium of primary palate of premaxilla of maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:17935 ! epithelium of primary palate of premaxilla of upper jaw
xref: VHOG:0001025 ! primary palate epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005620 ! primary palate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0012312 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process ectoderm
def: "An epithelium that is part of a primary palate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005660
name: 2nd arch ectoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000064 ! 2nd arch ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16398 ! ectoderm of branchial membrane of 2nd arch
xref: EMAPA:16277 ! ectoderm of 2nd arch
xref: EMAPA:16397 ! ectoderm of branchial groove of 2nd arch
xref: VHOG:0001062 ! 2nd arch ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: EHDAA2:0000055 ! 2nd arch ectoderm
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal arch ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0001062]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001062", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005661
name: 3rd arch ectoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000079 ! 3rd arch ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16400 ! ectoderm of 3rd arch
xref: EMAPA:16582 ! ectoderm of branchial groove of 3rd arch
xref: EMAPA:16584 ! ectoderm of branchial membrane of 3rd arch
xref: VHOG:0000946 ! 3rd arch ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003114 ! pharyngeal arch 3
xref: EHDAA2:0000072 ! 3rd arch ectoderm
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal arch ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0000946]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000946", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005662
name: 4th arch ectoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000094 ! 4th arch ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16762 ! ectoderm of branchial groove of 4th arch
xref: EMAPA:16764 ! ectoderm of branchial membrane of 4th arch
xref: EMAPA:16768 ! ectoderm of 4th arch
xref: VHOG:0001095 ! 4th arch ectoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003115 ! pharyngeal arch 4
xref: EHDAA2:0004032 ! 4th arch ectoderm
synonym: "4th pharyngeal arch ectoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0001095]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001095", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An ectoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005664
name: 2nd arch endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000061 ! 2nd arch endoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000065 ! 2nd arch endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16274 ! endoderm of branchial membrane of 2nd arch
xref: EMAPA:16276 ! endoderm of branchial pouch of 2nd arch
xref: EMAPA:16278 ! endoderm of 2nd arch
xref: VHOG:0001108 ! 2nd arch endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal arch endoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0001108]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001108", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005665
name: 3rd arch endoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000080 ! 3rd arch endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16401 ! endoderm of 3rd arch
xref: EMAPA:16585 ! endoderm of branchial membrane of 3rd arch
xref: EMAPA:16587 ! endoderm of branchial pouch of 3rd arch
xref: VHOG:0001081 ! 3rd arch endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003114 ! pharyngeal arch 3
xref: EHDAA2:0000075 ! 3rd arch endoderm
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal arch endoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0001081]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001081", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005666
name: 4th arch endoderm
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000095 ! 4th arch endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16765 ! endoderm of branchial membrane of 4th arch
xref: EMAPA:16767 ! endoderm of branchial pouch of 4th arch
xref: EMAPA:16769 ! endoderm of 4th arch
xref: VHOG:0001092 ! 4th arch endoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003115 ! pharyngeal arch 4
xref: EHDAA2:0004033 ! 4th arch endoderm
synonym: "4th pharyngeal arch endoderm" EXACT [VHOG:0001092]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001092", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An endoderm that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005669
name: peritoneal cavity mesothelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001447 ! peritoneal cavity mesothelium
xref: FMA:18147 ! mesothelium of peritoneum
synonym: "mesothelium of peritoneum" EXACT [FMA:18147]
xref: EMAPA:16139 ! mesothelium of peritoneal component
synonym: "mesothelium of peritoneal component" EXACT [EMAPA:16139]
xref: SCTID:34073007 ! Structure of peritoneal mesothelium
xref: BTO:0003156 ! peritoneal mesothelium
synonym: "peritoneal mesothelium" EXACT [BTO:0003156]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001179 ! peritoneal cavity
synonym: "peritoneum mesothelium" EXACT [FMA:18147]
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005670
name: greater omentum mesothelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000721 ! greater omentum mesothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005448 ! greater omentum
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a greater omentum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005671
name: greater sac mesothelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000725 ! greater sac mesothelium
xref: EMAPA:16887 ! mesothelium of greater sac of peritoneal component
xref: EMAPA:18455 ! mesothelium of greater sac of peritoneal cavity
xref: VHOG:0000440 ! greater sac mesothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005449 ! greater sac
synonym: "greater sac mehomhelium" RELATED [VHOG:0000440]
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a greater sac." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005672
name: right lung endothelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001755 ! right lung endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
def: "An endothelium that is part of a right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005673
name: left lung endothelium
xref: EHDAA2:0000961 ! left lung endothelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
def: "An endothelium that is part of a left lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005674
name: right lung cranial lobe endothelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001750 ! right lung cranial lobe endothelium
xref: EHDAA:4991 ! endothelium of cranial lobe of right lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002170 ! upper lobe of right lung
def: "An endothelium that is part of a upper lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005675
name: right lung caudal lobe endothelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001742 ! right lung caudal lobe endothelium
xref: EHDAA:4983 ! endothelium of caudal lobe of right lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002171 ! lower lobe of right lung
def: "An endothelium that is part of a lower lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005676
name: right lung accessory lobe endothelium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001734 ! right lung accessory lobe endothelium
xref: EHDAA:4975 ! endothelium of accessory lobe of right lung
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004890 ! right lung accessory lobe
def: "An endothelium that is part of a right lung accessory lobe." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005677
name: caecum mesentery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000210 ! caecum mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001153 ! cecum
def: "A mesentery that is part of a caecum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005678
name: right lung cranial lobe segmental bronchus
xref: EHDAA2:0001754 ! right lung cranial lobe segmental bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002170 ! upper lobe of right lung
def: "A segmental bronchus that is part of a upper lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005679
name: right lung caudal lobe segmental bronchus
xref: EHDAA2:0001746 ! right lung caudal lobe segmental bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002171 ! lower lobe of right lung
def: "A segmental bronchus that is part of a lower lobe of right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005680
name: right lung accessory lobe segmental bronchus
xref: EHDAA2:0001738 ! right lung accessory lobe segmental bronchus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002184 ! segmental bronchus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004890 ! right lung accessory lobe
def: "A segmental bronchus that is part of a right lung accessory lobe." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005685
name: midgut dorsal mesentery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001187 ! midgut dorsal mesentery
xref: EMAPA:16722 ! dorsal mesentery of mesentery of midgut
xref: EMAPA:17040 ! dorsal mesentery of mesentery of loop
xref: EMAPA:17046 ! dorsal mesentery of mesentery of rest of midgut
xref: EMAPA:18671 ! dorsal mesentery of mesentery of jejunum of midgut
intersection_of: UBERON:0002296 ! dorsal mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
xref: SCTID:361434009 ! Dorsal midgut mesentery
def: "A dorsal mesentery that is part of a midgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005686
name: caecum dorsal mesentery
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000208 ! caecum dorsal mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0002296 ! dorsal mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001153 ! cecum
def: "A dorsal mesentery that is part of a caecum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005688
name: lens vesicle cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0000986 ! lens cavity
xref: EMAPA:17164 ! cavity of lens vesicle
xref: VHOG:0000531 ! lens vesicle cavity
synonym: "lens cavity" BROAD [EHDAA2:0000986]
synonym: "cavity of lens vesicle" EXACT [EMAPA:17164]
synonym: "cavity of lens" BROAD []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0005426 ! lens vesicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005426 ! lens vesicle
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000531", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An anatomical cavity that is part of a lens vesicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010042 ! 1st arch mesenchyme
name: 1st arch mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004362 ! pharyngeal arch 1
xref: EMAPA:16128 ! mesenchyme of 1st arch
synonym: "mesenchyme of 1st arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16128]
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009584
alt_id: UBERON:0010043
name: 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007237 ! 1st arch mandibular component
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007237 {source="EMAPA"} ! 1st arch mandibular component
synonym: "mandibular mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "mandibular component mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "mesenchyme of mandibular component" EXACT [EMAPA:16385]
synonym: "mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EMAPA:16385 ! mesenchyme of mandibular component
xref: EHDAA2:0000034 ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013155
name: 1st arch mandibular ectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007237 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch mandibular component
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000032 ! 1st arch mandibular ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16383 ! ectoderm of mandibular component
synonym: "ectoderm of mandibular component" EXACT [EMAPA:16383]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013156
name: 1st arch mandibular endoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007122 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal pouch 1
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007690 {source="EHDAA2"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007237 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch mandibular component
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009722 {source="EHDAA2"} ! entire pharyngeal arch endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000033 ! 1st arch mandibular endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16384 ! endoderm of mandibular component
synonym: "endoderm of mandibular component" EXACT [EMAPA:16384]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006905
name: mandibular process mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001062 ! mandibular process mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17357 ! mesenchyme of mandibular process
xref: EHDAA:5873 ! mesenchyme of mandibular process
xref: EHDAA:5861
synonym: "mesenchyme of mandibular process" EXACT [EMAPA:17357]
synonym: "mesenchyme of mandibular prominence" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005867 ! mandibular prominence
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010045
name: 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch maxillary component." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "maxillary mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "maxillary component mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "mesenchyme of maxillary component" EXACT [EMAPA:16391]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007238 ! 1st arch maxillary component
xref: EHDAA2:0000041 ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16391 ! mesenchyme of maxillary component

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012313
name: 1st arch maxillary ectoderm
synonym: "ectoderm of maxillary component" EXACT [EMAPA:16389]
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007238 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary component
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000039 ! 1st arch maxillary ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16389 ! ectoderm of maxillary component

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013154
name: 1st arch maxillary endoderm
synonym: "endoderm of maxillary component" EXACT [EMAPA:16390]
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007122 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal pouch 1
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007690 {source="EHDAA2"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007238 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary component
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009722 {source="EHDAA2"} ! entire pharyngeal arch endoderm
xref: EHDAA2:0000040 ! 1st arch maxillary endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16390 ! endoderm of maxillary component

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009526
name: maxillary process mesenchyme
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "mesenchyme of maxillary process" EXACT [EMAPA:17361]
synonym: "mesenchyme of maxillary prominence" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a maxillary prominence." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005868 ! maxillary prominence
xref: EHDAA2:0001071 ! maxillary process mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17361 ! mesenchyme of maxillary process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012312
name: maxillary process ectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005868 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary prominence
xref: EHDAA2:0004599 ! maxillary process ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:17637 ! epithelium of maxillary process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005689
name: 2nd arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000066 ! 2nd arch mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16279 ! mesenchyme of 2nd arch
xref: EHDAA:625 ! mesenchyme of 2nd arch
xref: VHOG:0001102 ! 2nd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme" EXACT [VHOG:0001102]
synonym: "2nd branchial arch mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 2 mesenchyme" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003066 ! pharyngeal arch 2
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001102", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005690
name: 3rd arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000081 ! 3rd arch mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16402 ! mesenchyme of 3rd arch
xref: VHOG:0001083 ! 3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:1094 ! mesenchyme of 3rd arch
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme" EXACT [VHOG:0001083]
synonym: "3rd branchial arch mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 3 mesenchyme" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003114 ! pharyngeal arch 3
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001083", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005691
name: 4th arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000096 ! 4th arch mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16770 ! mesenchyme of 4th arch
xref: VHOG:0001052 ! 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:1677 ! mesenchyme of 4th arch
synonym: "4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme" EXACT [VHOG:0001052]
synonym: "4th branchial arch mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003115 ! pharyngeal arch 4
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001052", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013502
name: 5th arch mesenchyme
synonym: "5th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme" EXACT [VHOG:0001052]
synonym: "5th branchial arch mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 5 mesenchyme" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003116 ! pharyngeal arch 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010031
name: 6th arch mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003117 ! pharyngeal arch 6
xref: EHDAA2:0004076 ! 6th arch mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 6." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "6th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "6th branchial arch mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010359
name: pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest
comment: Partially implements UBERONREF:0000002 NC meeting scheme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010046 ! entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT []
synonym: "arch mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT []
synonym: "neural crest derived arch mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010360
name: pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
comment: Partially implements UBERONREF:0000002 NC meeting scheme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010046 ! entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "head mesenchyme derived arch mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010258
name: mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003852 ! rhombencephalon neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007213 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0004423 ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010259 ! 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest
name: 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16129 ! mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch
synonym: "mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16129]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010042 ! 1st arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003852 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! rhombencephalon neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT []
synonym: "neural crest derived arch 1 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010252
name: 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009584 ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0010259 {source="inferred"} ! 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009584 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007098 ! mandibular neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000037 ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007098 ! mandibular neural crest
name: mandibular neural crest
def: "Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch." [ZFA:0007064]
xref: XAO:0000024 ! mandibular crest
xref: ZFA:0007064 ! mandibular neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0003099 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003852 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombencephalon neural crest
xref: TAO:0007064 ! mandibular neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010253
name: 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010045 ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010045 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000044 ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010334
name: maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009526 ! maxillary process mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010253 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009526 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0004601 ! maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010336
name: mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006905 ! mandibular process mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010252 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006905 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mandibular process mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0004603 ! mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010341
name: 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010042 ! 1st arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010042 {source="EMAPA"} ! 1st arch mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16130 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch
synonym: "mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16130]
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010338
name: 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010045 ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010045 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000043 ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010339
name: 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009584 ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009584 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000036 ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010335
name: maxillary process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009526 ! maxillary process mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010338 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009526 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0004602 ! maxillary process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a maxillary process mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010337
name: mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006905 ! mandibular process mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010339 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006905 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mandibular process mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0004604 ! mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010254
name: 2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005689 ! 2nd arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007099 ! hyoid neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005689 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 2nd arch mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000068 ! 2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16281 ! mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 2nd arch
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 2nd arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 2 mesenchyme from neural crest" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 2 mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT []
synonym: "neural crest derived arch 2 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007099
name: hyoid neural crest
def: "Cranial neural crest that migrates into the hyoid arch." [ZFA:0007065]
synonym: "hyoid crest" EXACT [XAO:0000025]
xref: XAO:0000025 ! hyoid crest
xref: ZFA:0007065 ! hyoid neural crest
is_a: UBERON:0003099 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003852 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombencephalon neural crest
xref: TAO:0007065 ! hyoid neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010343
name: 2nd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005689 ! 2nd arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005689 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 2nd arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000067 ! 2nd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16280 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 2nd arch
synonym: "mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 2nd arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16280]
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 2nd arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 2 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 2 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "head mesenchyme derived arch 2 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010255
name: 3rd arch mesenchyme from neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005690 ! 3rd arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003852 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! rhombencephalon neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005690 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 3rd arch mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000083 ! 3rd arch mesenchyme from neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16404 ! mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 3rd arch
synonym: "mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 3rd arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16404]
xref: VHOG:0000571 ! 3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest" EXACT [VHOG:0000571]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000571", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 3 mesenchyme from neural crest" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 3 mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT []
synonym: "neural crest derived arch 3 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010344
name: 3rd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005690 ! 3rd arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005690 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 3rd arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000082 ! 3rd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16403 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 3rd arch
synonym: "mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 3rd arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16403]
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 3 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 3 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "head mesenchyme derived arch 3 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010256
name: 4th arch mesenchyme from neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005691 ! 4th arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003852 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! rhombencephalon neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005691 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 4th arch mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0000098 ! 4th arch mesenchyme from neural crest
xref: EMAPA:16772 ! mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch
synonym: "mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 4th arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16772]
xref: VHOG:0000580 ! 4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest
synonym: "4th pharyngeal arch mesenchyme derived from neural crest" EXACT [VHOG:0000580]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the pharyngeal apparatus develops from a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches, which consist of a number of different embryonic cell types. Each arch has an external covering of ectoderm and inner covering of endoderm, and between these a mesenchymal filling of neural crest with a central core of mesoderm.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000580", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 4 mesenchyme from neural crest" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT []
synonym: "neural crest derived arch 4 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010345
name: 4th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005691 ! 4th arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005691 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 4th arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000097 ! 4th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16771 ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch
synonym: "mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 4th arch" EXACT [EMAPA:16771]
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 4th arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 4 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 4 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "head mesenchyme derived arch 4 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010257
name: 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0002342 ! neural crest
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010031 ! 6th arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003852 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! rhombencephalon neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010031 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 6th arch mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0004077 ! 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from neural crest" EXACT []
synonym: "neural crest derived arch 6 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010347
name: 6th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0006904 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010031 ! 6th arch mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010031 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 6th arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0004078 ! 6th arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "branchial arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 6 mesenchyme from head mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "head mesenchyme derived arch 6 mesenchyme" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010564
name: manual digit 1 mesenchyme
synonym: "hand digit 1 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 1 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
xref: EHDAA2:0000513 ! finger 1 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17431 ! mesenchyme of digit 1 of fore-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005692
name: manual digit 2 mesenchyme
synonym: "hand digit 2 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 2 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0000519 ! finger 2 mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
xref: EMAPA:17434 ! mesenchyme of digit 2 of fore-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005693
name: manual digit 3 mesenchyme
synonym: "hand digit 3 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 3 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0000525 ! finger 3 mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
xref: EMAPA:17437 ! mesenchyme of digit 3 of fore-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005694
name: manual digit 4 mesenchyme
synonym: "hand digit 4 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 4 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0000531 ! finger 4 mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
xref: EMAPA:17440 ! mesenchyme of digit 4 of fore-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005695
name: manual digit 5 mesenchyme
synonym: "hand digit 5 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "fore limb digit 5 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0000537 ! finger 5 mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003625 ! manual digit 5
xref: EMAPA:17443 ! mesenchyme of digit 5 of fore-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005255
name: pedal digit mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "toe mesenchyme" EXACT []
xref: VHOG:0000463
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003328 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of footplate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010562
name: pedal digit 1 mesenchyme
synonym: "foot digit 1 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 1 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003631 ! pedal digit 1
xref: EHDAA2:0002039 ! toe 1 mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17462 ! mesenchyme of digit 1 of hind-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005696
name: pedal digit 2 mesenchyme
synonym: "foot digit 2 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 2 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0002044 ! toe 2 mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003632 ! pedal digit 2
xref: EMAPA:17465 ! mesenchyme of digit 2 of hind-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005697
name: pedal digit 3 mesenchyme
synonym: "foot digit 3 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 3 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0002049 ! toe 3 mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003633 ! pedal digit 3
xref: EMAPA:17468 ! mesenchyme of digit 3 of hind-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005698
name: pedal digit 4 mesenchyme
synonym: "foot digit 4 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 4 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0002054 ! toe 4 mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003634 ! pedal digit 4
xref: EMAPA:17471 ! mesenchyme of digit 4 of hind-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005699
name: pedal digit 5 mesenchyme
synonym: "foot digit 5 mesenchyme" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, OBOL:accepted]
synonym: "hind limb digit 5 mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:accepted]
xref: EHDAA2:0002059 ! toe 5 mesenchyme
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003635 ! pedal digit 5
xref: EMAPA:17474 ! mesenchyme of digit 5 of hind-paw
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005702
name: optic eminence mesenchyme
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001310 ! optic eminence mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16324 ! mesenchyme of optic eminence (also: UBERON:0003314 'eye mesenchyme')
xref: VHOG:0001073 ! optic eminence mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:942 ! mesenchyme of optic eminence
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004348 ! optic eminence
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a optic eminence." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005704
name: secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001366 ! palatal shelf mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17364 ! mesenchyme of palatal shelf of maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:17932 ! mesenchyme of palatal shelf of upper jaw
xref: VHOG:0001063 ! palatal shelf mesenchyme
synonym: "palatal shelf mesenchyme" RELATED [VHOG:0001063]
xref: EHDAA:9287 ! mesenchyme of palatal shelf
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005619 ! secondary palatal shelf
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a secondary palatal shelf." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005705
name: primary palate mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001501 ! primary palate mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17644 ! mesenchyme of primary palate of premaxilla of maxillary process
xref: EMAPA:17936 ! mesenchyme of primary palate of premaxilla of upper jaw
xref: VHOG:0001024 ! primary palate mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:6968 ! mesenchyme of primary palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005620 ! primary palate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010253 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009204 {source="EHDAA2"} ! medial nasal process mesenchyme
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a primary palate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005706
name: obsolete central nervous system cranial ganglion
consider: EHDAA2:0000226 ! central nervous system cranial ganglion
consider: EHDAA:920 ! cranial of ganglion of central nervous system
is_obsolete: true
replaced_by: UBERON:0001714 ! cranial ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003317
name: odontogenic papilla of incisor
def: "An odontogenic papilla that is part of a incisor tooth [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor odontogenic papilla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth odontogenic papilla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "odontogenic papilla of incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor dental papilla" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "incisor mesenchyme" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001763 ! odontogenic papilla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010259 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011641
name: odontogenic papilla of molar
def: "An odontogenic papilla that is part of a molar tooth [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "molar odontogenic papilla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "molar tooth odontogenic papilla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "odontogenic papilla of molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "molar mesenchyme" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001763 ! odontogenic papilla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010259 {source="EHDAA2-abduced"} ! 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005700
name: upper jaw molar odontogenic papilla
xref: EHDAA2:0002127 ! upper jaw molar dental papilla
xref: EMAPA:17944 ! odontogenic papilla of molar of tooth of upper jaw
xref: EHDAA:8051 ! odontogenic papilla
synonym: "upper jaw molar dental papilla" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002127]
synonym: "upper molar mesenchyme" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001763 ! odontogenic papilla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003666 ! upper jaw molar
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010334 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "An odontogenic papilla that is part of a upper jaw molar." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005701
name: lower jaw molar odontogenic papilla
xref: EHDAA2:0001027 ! lower jaw molar odontogenic papilla
xref: EMAPA:17923 ! odontogenic papilla of molar of tooth of lower jaw
xref: EHDAA:8015 ! odontogenic papilla
synonym: "lower jaw molar dental papilla" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001027]
synonym: "lower molar mesenchyme" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001763 ! odontogenic papilla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003667 ! lower jaw molar
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010336 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "An odontogenic papilla that is part of a lower jaw molar." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005707
name: upper jaw incisor odontogenic papilla
xref: EHDAA2:0002123 ! upper jaw incisor dental papilla
xref: EMAPA:17941 ! odontogenic papilla of incisor of tooth of upper jaw
synonym: "upper jaw incisor dental papilla" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002123]
synonym: "upper incisor mesenchyme" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001763 ! odontogenic papilla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003450 ! upper jaw incisor
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010334 {source="EHDAA2"} ! maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "An odontogenic papilla that is part of a upper jaw incisor." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005708
name: lower jaw incisor odontogenic papilla
xref: EHDAA2:0001023 ! lower jaw incisor dental papilla
xref: EMAPA:17920 ! odontogenic papilla of incisor of tooth of lower jaw
synonym: "lower jaw incisor dental papilla" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001023]
synonym: "lower incisor mesenchyme" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001763 ! odontogenic papilla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003451 !  lower jaw incisor
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010336 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest
def: "An odontogenic papilla that is part of a lower jaw incisor." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011642 ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
name: oral epithelium from ectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002424 ! oral epithelium
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009479 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane
xref: EHDAA2:0004137 ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
def: "An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005709
name: upper jaw incisor epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0002122 ! upper jaw incisor epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17940 ! epithelium of incisor of tooth of upper jaw (also: UBERON:0003355 'epithelium of incisor')
intersection_of: UBERON:0003843 ! dental epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003450 ! upper jaw incisor
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011642 ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
def: "A dental epithelium that is part of a upper jaw incisor." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005710
name: lower jaw incisor epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001022 ! lower jaw incisor epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17919 ! epithelium of incisor of tooth of lower jaw (also: UBERON:0003355 'epithelium of incisor')
intersection_of: UBERON:0003843 ! dental epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003451 ! lower jaw incisor
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011642 ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
def: "A dental epithelium that is part of a lower jaw incisor." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005653
name: upper jaw molar epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17943 ! epithelium of molar of tooth of upper jaw (also: UBERON:0003235 'epithelium of upper jaw')
xref: EHDAA2:0002126 ! upper jaw molar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0003843 ! dental epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003666 ! upper jaw molar
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011642 ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
def: "A dental epithelium that is part of a upper jaw molar." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005654
name: lower jaw molar epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001026 ! lower jaw molar epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17922 ! epithelium of molar of tooth of lower jaw (also: UBERON:0003236 'epithelium of lower jaw')
intersection_of: UBERON:0003843 ! dental epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003667 ! lower jaw molar
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011642 ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
def: "A dental epithelium that is part of a lower jaw molar." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005711
name: foregut duodenum mesentery
xref: EHDAA2:0000564 ! foregut duodenum mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0003397 ! mesentery of duodenum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011642 ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
def: "A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a foregut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005712
name: midgut duodenum mesentery
xref: EHDAA2:0001193 ! midgut duodenum mesentery
intersection_of: UBERON:0003397 ! mesentery of duodenum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011642 ! oral epithelium from ectoderm
def: "A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a midgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003842 ! neural tube lumen
name: neural tube lumen
alt_id: UBERON:0005713
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "neural tube neural lumen" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001269]
synonym: "neural lumen" RELATED [EHDAA:2889]
synonym: "lumen of neural tube" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "cavity of neural tube" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: VHOG:0001119 ! neural lumen
xref: EHDAA:2889 ! neural lumen
xref: EHDAA:914 ! neural lumen
xref: EHDAA2:0001269 ! neural tube neural lumen
xref: XAO:0000252 ! neurocoel
xref: AAO:0011073 ! neurocoel
xref: EMAPA:16167 ! neural lumen of neural tube of future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16533 ! neural lumen of neural tube of future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: surrounded_by UBERON:0001049 ! neural tube
synonym: "neurocoel" RELATED [VHOG:0001119]
property_value: homology_notes "(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001119", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005719
name: footplate apical ectodermal ridge
xref: EHDAA2:0000547 ! footplate apical ectodermal ridge
xref: EMAPA:17251 ! apical ectodermal ridge of ectoderm of footplate
intersection_of: UBERON:0004356 ! apical ectodermal ridge
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006871 ! footplate
def: "An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a footplate." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003373 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! ectoderm of footplate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006872
name: handplate apical ectodermal ridge
xref: EMAPA:17247 ! apical ectodermal ridge of ectoderm of handplate
xref: EHDAA2:0000729 ! handplate apical ectodermal ridge
intersection_of: UBERON:0004356 ! apical ectodermal ridge
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006875 ! handplate
def: "An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a handplate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005720
name: hindbrain venous system
xref: EHDAA2:0000776 ! hindbrain venous system
xref: EMAPA:18632 ! hindbrain of brain of venous system of cardiovascular system of organ system
xref: VHOG:0001322 ! hindbrain venous system
intersection_of: UBERON:0004582 ! venous system
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
synonym: "rhombencephalon venous system" RELATED [VHOG:0001322]
def: "A venous system that is part of a hindbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
name: anatomical conduit
def: "any opening in the body." [Wikipedia:Foramen]
comment: note that FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature
synonym: "foramen" NARROW [EHDAA2:0003080]
synonym: "foramina" NARROW PLURAL [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:242873 ! Anatomical conduit
xref: EHDAA2:0003080 ! foramen
xref: AEO:0000080 ! foramen
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005744
name: cranial conduit
def: "Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves." [TAO:curator, Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull]
comment: AO notes: in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper). 
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "foramen" BROAD [ZFA:0005386]
synonym: "foramen of skull" RELATED [Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull]
xref: FMA:53165 ! cranial conduit
xref: ZFA:0005386 ! foramen
xref: TAO:0001736 ! foramen
xref: VHOG:0001760 ! foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull
xref: AAO:0010438 ! foramen
xref: SCTID:276742007 ! Skull foramen
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png
xref: VHOG:0001760 ! foramen
synonym: "foramens@fr" RELATED [TAO:0001736]
synonym: "foramina@fr" RELATED [TAO:0001736]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005745 ! optic canal
name: optic canal
def: "The short canal through the orbitosphenoid bone at the apex of the orbit that gives passage to the optic nerve and the opthalmic artery[MP]. The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres) into the orbital cavity. The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. They are funnel-shaped (narrowest anteriorly)." [Wikipedia:Optic_canal, ISBN:0-683-40008-8 "Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 27th edition", MP:0010704]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "canalis opticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_canal]
synonym: "optic foramen" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_canal]
xref: FMA:54774 ! optic canal
xref: AAO:0000342 ! optic foramen
xref: ZFA:0005428 ! optic foramen
xref: VHOG:0001408 ! optic foramen (also: UBERON:0006269 'optic foramen')
xref: EHDAA:10646 ! optic foramen (also: UBERON:0006269 'optic foramen')
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
xref: SCTID:361732009 ! Entire optic canal
xref: TAO:0002025 ! optic foramen
synonym: "canalis opticus, foramen opticum ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Optic_canal]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Orbita_mensch.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Foramen in the orbital region of the neurocranium for the passage of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002025", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "optic nerve foramen" EXACT [TAO:0002025]
property_value: external_definition "An aperture in the root of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone transmitting the optic nerve. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001408", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+foramen", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001677 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005817 ! neuraxis flexure
name: neuraxis flexure
def: "An anatomical structure that is regional part of the central nervous system where there is a significant bend of the axis." [ZFIN:Curator]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
xref: ZFA:0005593 ! neuraxis flexure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005818
name: cephalic flexure
def: "the first flexure, or bend, of the embryonic brain; it appears in the region of the mid-brain. In human embryos it generally occurs at the end of the 3rd week/beginning of 4th. By means of it the fore-brain is bent in a ventral direction around the anterior end of the notochord and fore-gut, with the result that the floor of the fore-brain comes to lie almost parallel with that of the hind-brain. This flexure causes the mid-brain to become, for a time, the most prominent part of the brain, since its dorsal surface corresponds with the convexity of the curve. As a consequence, the cardiac plate, which was previously anterior to the forebrain, approximates its adult location in what will become the thoracic region[WP]. Ventral bend in the brain occurring caudal to the adenohypophyseal placode[ZFA]." [ZFIN:curator, Wikipedia:Cephalic_flexure]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "ventral flexure" EXACT [ZFA:0001640]
synonym: "midbrain flexure" EXACT []
synonym: "mesencephalic flexure" EXACT [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_4.html]
xref: ZFA:0001640 ! cephalic flexure
is_a: UBERON:0005817 ! neuraxis flexure
relationship: connects UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain
relationship: connects UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
xref: TAO:0002181 ! cephalic flexure
synonym: "flexura mesencephalica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cephalic_flexure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray651.png
property_value: external_definition "Ventral bend in the brain occurring caudal to the adenohypophyseal placode.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002181", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005819
name: cervical flexure
def: "ventrally concave flexure of the embryonic brain occurring at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord[MP]. In humans develops by the 5th week of gestation[WP]." [MP:0000913]
is_a: UBERON:0005817 ! neuraxis flexure
relationship: connects UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: connects UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005820
name: pontine flexure
def: "a bend in the axis of the embryological central nervous system (the neuraxis). This flexure marks the junction between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The division of the rhombencephalon (the early hindbrain) into the metencephalon and the myelencephalon occurs at the 7th week of development. In the mature brain, the metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum, whilst the myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pontine_flexure]
is_a: UBERON:0005817 ! neuraxis flexure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007277 ! presumptive hindbrain
relationship: connects UBERON:0001895 ! metencephalon
relationship: connects UBERON:0005290 ! myelencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005972
name: tunnel of Corti
def: "A triangular, fluid-filled space normally found between the inner and outer rows of supporting pillar cells in the organ of Corti." [MP:0003151]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002227 ! spiral organ of cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005973
name: blood-inner ear barrier
def: "the function of the group of barriers and transport systems which regulate the transport of various substances from blood to inner ear tissue and maintain the microhomeostasis and functional integrity of the inner ear; the endothelial cells of the inner ear blood capillaries, linked to each other by tight junctions, represent the main component of the blood-inner ear barrier" [MP:0004999]
is_a: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001846 ! internal ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005975
name: hair follicle bulge
def: "the area located in the bottom of the permanent portion of a resting (telogen) hair follicle where the cells of the external root sheath of the hair follicle are contiguous with the basal layer of the epidermis; this portion of the follicle is involved in the generation of a new hair at the onset of the hair growth cycle (anagen) and contains the hair follicle stem cells" [MP:0009759]
synonym: "bulge of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70735]
xref: FMA:70735 ! bulge of hair follicle
xref: BTO:0004904 ! hair follicle bulge
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002073 ! hair follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005976
name: ansiform lobule crus I
def: "." [MP:0010002]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "crus II of the ansiform lobule (HVII)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209]
synonym: "lobulus ansiform crus II" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209]
synonym: "lobulus semilunaris inferior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209]
synonym: "hemispheric lobule viibi" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209]
synonym: "superior semilunar lobule " EXACT [FMA:72524]
synonym: "superior semilunar lobule" EXACT [FMA:72524]
synonym: "first crus of ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a]" EXACT [FMA:72524]
synonym: "posterior superior lobule" EXACT [FMA:72524]
synonym: "semilunar lobule-2 (superior)" EXACT [FMA:72524]
synonym: "superior semilunar lobule of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72524]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081209 ! Hemispheric Lobule VIIBi
xref: FMA:72524 ! superior semilunar lobule 
xref: ABA:ANcr1 ! Crus 1
is_a: UBERON:0005348 ! ansiform lobule
synonym: "lobulus semilunaris superior cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72524]
synonym: "crus primum lobuli ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72524]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005977
name: ansiform lobule crus II
def: "." [MP:0010003]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "crus I of the ansiform lobule (HVII)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208]
synonym: "lobulus ansiform crus I" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208]
synonym: "lobulus semilunaris superior" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208]
synonym: "hemispheric lobule viia" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208]
synonym: "inferior semilunar lobule" EXACT [FMA:72525]
synonym: "inferior semilunar lobule of cerebellum" EXACT [FMA:72525]
synonym: "posterior inferior lobule" EXACT [FMA:72525]
synonym: "second crus of ansiform lobule of cerebellum [h vii a]" EXACT [FMA:72525]
synonym: "semilunar lobule-2 (inferior)" EXACT [FMA:72525]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081208 ! Hemispheric Lobule VIIA
xref: FMA:72525 ! inferior semilunar lobule
xref: ABA:ANcr2 ! Crus 2
is_a: UBERON:0005348 ! ansiform lobule
synonym: "crus secundum lobuli ansiformis cerebelli [h vii a" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72525]
synonym: "lobulus semilunaris inferior cerebelli" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72525]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005978
name: olfactory bulb outer nerve layer
def: "the outermost layer of the olfactory bulb; consists primarily of olfactory afferent axons and ensheathing glia" [MP:0010057]
is_a: UBERON:0004001 ! olfactory bulb layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002264 ! olfactory bulb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005979
name: crista terminalis
def: "the vertical crest of the interior wall of the right atrium that lies to the right of the sinus of the vena cava and separates this from the remainder of the right atrium" [MP:0010495]
synonym: "crista terminalis cordis" EXACT [FMA:9236]
synonym: "crista terminalis of right atrium" EXACT [FMA:9236]
xref: FMA:9236 ! crista terminalis
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium
synonym: "crista terminalis atrii dextri" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:9236]
xref: SCTID:277693004 ! Entire crista terminalis cordis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006574
name: pectinate line
def: "The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:" [Wikipedia:Pectinate_line]
comment: FMA also has FMA:29321 but it's not clear how this differs
synonym: "dentate line" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pectinate_line]
synonym: "recto-anal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pectinate_line]
synonym: "Hilton's 'white line'" RELATED [EMAPA:19159]
synonym: "site of anal membrane" RELATED [EMAPA:19159]
synonym: "pectinate line of anal canal" EXACT [FMA:75383]
xref: EMAPA:19159 ! pectinate line
xref: Wikipedia:Pectinate_line ! pectinate line
xref: FMA:75383 ! pectinate line of anal canal
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0000931 ! proctodeum
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectinate_Line ! Pectinate Line
xref: SCTID:245445008 ! Pectinate line of anal canal
synonym: "linea anocutanea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectinate_line]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Hemorrhoid.png
xref: UMLS:C0821671

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005980
name: pectinate muscle
def: "the prominent ridges of atrial myocardium located on the inner surface of most of the right atrium and both the right and left auricular regions[MP]." [MP:0010496, Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati]
synonym: "musculus pectinatus" EXACT [FMA:12226]
synonym: "musculi pectinati" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati]
xref: FMA:12226 ! pectinate muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002302 ! myocardium of atrium
xref: SCTID:277718001 ! Musculi pectinati
synonym: "musculi pectinati atrii dextri, musculi pectinati atrii sinistri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray498.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005981
name: vena cava sinus
def: "the portion of the cavity of the right atrium of the heart that receives the blood from the vena cavae and is separated from the rest of the atrium by the crista terminalis" [MP:0010497]
synonym: "posterior right atrial cavity" EXACT [FMA:13246]
synonym: "sinus venarum cavarum" EXACT [FMA:13246]
synonym: "cavity of inflow part of right atrium" EXACT [FMA:13246]
xref: FMA:13246 ! cavity of inflow part of right atrium
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005982
name: Bachmann's bundle
def: "the impulse conduction tract that originates in the sinoatrial node and transmits signal to the left atrium" [MP:0010517, Wikipedia:Bachmann's_bundle]
synonym: "anterior interatrial band" EXACT [UBERON:gg]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="MP"} ! conducting system of heart
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png/350px-ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009966
name: internodal tract
def: "Subdivision of conducting system of heart which consists of the anterior, middle and  posterior internodal tracts  beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve." [FMA:9479]
comment: evidence is sparse [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-483065798] There is some functional evidence for the existence of specialized conducting pathways within the atria (termed internodal tracts), although this is controversial[http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A003.htm]. Editor note: include 3 subtypes?
synonym: "internodal fasciculus" EXACT  [FMA:9479]
synonym: "internodal tract muscle tissue" EXACT  [FMA:9479]
synonym: "internodal conduction tract" EXACT []
synonym: "interatrial conduction tract" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="FMA"} ! conducting system of heart
xref: FMA:9479 ! internodal tract

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005984
name: subendocardium layer
def: "the layer of loose fibrous tissue located between the endocardium and myocardium which contains the nerves and the impulse-conducting system (Purkinje fibers) of the heart" [MP:0010546]
is_a: UBERON:0005983 ! heart layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005985
name: coronary vessel
def: "any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation" [MP:0010551]
comment: TODO - change relation from part_of
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.269 ! coronary vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0000055 ! vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005986
name: left branch of atrioventricular bundle
def: "Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the anterior, septal and posterior divisions of the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle[FMA]. the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates at the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the left ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fiber[MP]." [FMA:9487, MP:0010566]
synonym: "crus sinistrum (fasciculi atrioventricularis)" EXACT  [FMA:9487]
synonym: "left bundle branch of bundle of His" EXACT  [HP:0005172]
synonym: "left posterior bundle" EXACT  [MP:0010566]
synonym: "left posterior branch" EXACT  [MP:0010566]
synonym: "left bundle branch" EXACT  [MP:0010566]
synonym: "left bundle of atrioventricular bundle" EXACT  [MP:0010566]
synonym: "left crus of atrioventricular bundle" EXACT  [MP:0010566]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="FMA"} ! conducting system of heart
relationship: in_left_side_of UBERON:0002353 ! atrioventricular bundle
xref: FMA:9487 ! Left branch of atrioventricular bundle
xref: SCTID:277690001 ! Entire left bundle branch
xref: galen:LeftBundleBranch ! left bundle branch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005987
name: right branch of atrioventricular bundle
def: "Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of right ventricle  to reach the anterior papillary muscle and then subendocardially to the apex of the heart[FMA]. the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates just below the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the right ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fibers[MP]." [FMA:9486, MP:0010567]
synonym: "right bundle branch of bundle of His" EXACT  []
synonym: "crus dextrum (fasciculi atrioventricularis)" EXACT  [FMA:9486]
synonym: "right bundle branch" EXACT  [FMA:9486]
synonym: "right bundle" EXACT  [FMA:9486, MP:0010567]
synonym: "right right crus of atrioventricular bundle" EXACT  [MP:0010567]
synonym: "right ventricular bundle" EXACT  [MP:0010567]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: in_right_side_of UBERON:0002353 ! atrioventricular bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="FMA"} ! conducting system of heart
xref: FMA:9486 ! right branch of atrioventricular bundle
xref: SCTID:277689005 ! Entire right branch of atrioventricular bundle
xref: galen:RightBundleBranch ! right bundle branch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005988
name: atrium myocardial trabecula
def: "the supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria" [MP:0010581]
synonym: "atrium myocardial trabeculae" EXACT PLURAL [MP:0010581]
synonym: "trabecula of atrium" EXACT []
synonym: "atrial trabecula" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000440 ! trabecula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002302 ! myocardium of atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005989
name: atrioventricular septum
def: "the wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve" [MP:0010592]
synonym: "membranous atrioventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:7136]
xref: FMA:7136 ! atrioventricular septum
intersection_of: UBERON:0002099 ! cardiac septum
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002084 ! left ventricle
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002062 {source="Wikipedia", source="PMID:15797462"} ! endocardial cushion
xref: SCTID:280151006 ! Entire atrioventricular septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006009 ! cusp of cardiac valve
name: cusp of cardiac valve
def: "Organ component which has as its parts the cusp proper, lunule and nodule of semilunar valvule[FMA]. The cusps of the heart valves serve to seal the heart valves when closed. There are three cusps for each valve except for the mitral valve, which has only two (hence its alternate name, \"bicuspid valve\"). \"Nodules\" are located at the tip of the valve, to form a tighter seal[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cusps_of_heart_valves, FMA:7232]
synonym: "cardial valve cusp" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac valve cusp" EXACT [FMA:7232]
synonym: "cardiac valvular cusp" EXACT [FMA:7232]
synonym: "cardiac valvule" EXACT [FMA:7232]
synonym: "semilunar valvule" EXACT [FMA:7232]
xref: FMA:7232 ! cusp of cardiac valve
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000946 ! cardial valve
xref: ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Valve_Cusp ! Cardiac Valve Cusp
xref: SCTID:30822008 ! Entire cardiac valve cusp
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray495.png
xref: UMLS:C0225923

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005990
name: aortic valve cusp
def: "the three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the aortic valve" [MP:0010595]
synonym: "cusp of aortic valve" EXACT [FMA:7251]
synonym: "aortic semilunar valvule" EXACT [FMA:7251]
synonym: "aortic valvular cusp" EXACT [FMA:7251]
synonym: "semilunar valvule of aortic valve" EXACT [FMA:7251]
xref: FMA:7251 ! cusp of aortic valve
is_a: UBERON:0006009 ! cusp of cardiac valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002137 ! aortic valve
xref: SCTID:362026005 ! Entire cusp of aortic valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005991
name: aortic valve anulus
def: "the fibrous ring of the aortic valve that attaches the cusps of aortic valve to the wall of left ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the posterior, right anterior and left anterior cusps" [MP:0010598]
synonym: "fibrous ring of aortic valve" EXACT [FMA:9502]
synonym: "anulus of aortic valve" EXACT [FMA:9502]
synonym: "aortic anulus" EXACT [FMA:9502]
synonym: "aortic valvar anulus" EXACT [FMA:9502]
xref: FMA:9502 ! fibrous ring of aortic valve
is_a: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002137 ! aortic valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005992
name: pulmonary valve cusp
def: "the three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the pulmonary valve" [MP:0010602]
synonym: "cusp of pulmonary valve" EXACT [FMA:7248]
synonym: "pulmonary semilunar valvule" EXACT [FMA:7248]
synonym: "pulmonary valvular cusp" EXACT [FMA:7248]
synonym: "semilunar cusp of pulmonary valve" EXACT [FMA:7248]
synonym: "semilunar valvule of pulmonary valve" EXACT [FMA:7248]
xref: FMA:7248 ! cusp of pulmonary valve
is_a: UBERON:0006009 ! cusp of cardiac valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002146 ! pulmonary valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005993
name: pulmonary valve anulus
def: "the fibrous ring of the pulmonary valve that attaches the cusps of pulmonary valve to the wall of right ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps" [MP:0010606]
synonym: "fibrous ring of pulmonary valve" EXACT [FMA:9503]
synonym: "anulus of pulmonary valve" EXACT [FMA:9503]
synonym: "pulmonary anulus" EXACT [FMA:9503]
synonym: "pulmonary valvar anulus" EXACT [FMA:9503]
xref: FMA:9503 ! fibrous ring of pulmonary valve
is_a: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002146 ! pulmonary valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005994
name: chordae tendineae
def: "the tendinous strands that connect the papillary muscles on the wall of the ventricles to the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves; the chordae tendineae serve to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing back into the atria" [MP:0010608, Wikipedia:Chordae_tendineae]
synonym: "chorda tendinea" EXACT [FMA:12225]
xref: GAID:564 ! chordae tendineae
xref: FMA:12225 ! Chorda tendinea
xref: MESH:A07.541.510.240 ! chordae tendineae
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002133 ! atrioventricular valve
xref: ncithesaurus:Chordae_Tendineae ! Chordae Tendineae
synonym: "chordae tendineae cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Chordae_tendineae]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray493.png
xref: SCTID:279330004 ! Entire chordae tendineae cordis
xref: UMLS:C0008484

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005995
name: mitral valve anulus
def: "the fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps" [MP:0010613]
synonym: "fibrous ring of mitral valve" EXACT [FMA:9498]
synonym: "anulus of mitral valve" EXACT [FMA:9498]
synonym: "mitral anulus" EXACT [FMA:9498]
synonym: "mitral valvar anulus" EXACT [FMA:9498]
xref: FMA:9498 ! fibrous ring of mitral valve
is_a: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002135 ! mitral valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005996
name: mitral valve cusp
def: "the two fibrous components and associated flaps of the mitral valve" [MP:0010614]
comment: TODO - add generic parent
is_a: UBERON:0006009 ! cusp of cardiac valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002135 ! mitral valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005997
name: tricuspid valve anulus
def: "the fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve that attaches the cusps of tricuspid valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior cusp (infundibular cusp), the posterior cusp (marginal cusp), and the septal cusp (medial cusp)" [MP:0010621]
synonym: "fibrous ring of tricuspid valve" EXACT [FMA:9500]
synonym: "anulus of tricuspid valve" EXACT [FMA:9500]
synonym: "tricuspid anulus" EXACT [FMA:9500]
synonym: "tricuspid valvar anulus" EXACT [FMA:9500]
xref: FMA:9500 ! fibrous ring of tricuspid valve
is_a: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002134 ! tricuspid valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005998
name: tricuspid valve cusp
def: "the three fibrous triangular components and associated flaps of the tricuspid valve" [MP:0010622]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "septal leaflet of tricuspid valve" EXACT [FMA:7240]
synonym: "septal cusp of right atrioventricular valve" EXACT [FMA:7240]
synonym: "septal cusp of tricuspid valve" EXACT [FMA:7240]
synonym: "septal tricuspid leaflet" EXACT [FMA:7240]
xref: FMA:7240 ! septal leaflet of tricuspid valve
is_a: UBERON:0006009 ! cusp of cardiac valve
is_a: UBERON:0005484 ! tricuspid valve leaflet
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002134 ! tricuspid valve
synonym: "cuspis septalis valvae atrioventricularis dextrae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7240]
xref: SCTID:261417002 ! Entire septal leaflet of tricuspid valve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006001
name: intersomitic artery
def: "the small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries" [MP:0010662]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005805 ! dorsal aorta
xref: XAO:0004165 ! intersomitic artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006002
name: vitelline artery
def: "the paired arteries that carry blood to the yolk sac / gut tube from the dorsal aorta; the vitelline arteries give rise to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery in the adult" [MP:0010664, Wikipedia:Vitelline_arteries]
xref: EMAPA:16207 ! vitelline artery
xref: EHDAA2:0002208 ! vitelline artery
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0005805 {notes="ventral branch"} ! dorsal aorta
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001040 ! yolk sac
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray31.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006003
name: skin adnexa
def: "the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails" [MP:0010678, Wikipedia:Skin_appendage, http://code.google.com/p/caro2/issues/detail?id=5]
comment: editor note - add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
synonym: "adnexae cutis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Skin_appendage]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011901
name: hair matrix
comment: The hair matrix surrounds the top and sides of the dermal papilla. The hair matrix cells give rise to 6 different types of cells that make up the different layers of the hair shaft and the inner root sheath.
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001037 {source="FMA"} ! strand of hair
xref: FMA:70945 ! hair matrix

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006004
name: hair follicle matrix region
def: "the bulb region adjacent to the dermal papilla that contains rapidly proliferating matrix cells that give rise to the various cell lineages of the hair shaft and inner root sheath" [MP:0010686]
synonym: "germinal matrix of hair bulb" EXACT [FMA:70772]
synonym: "lower part of bulb of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70772]
synonym: "lower zone of bulb of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70772]
synonym: "lower part of bulb of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70772]
xref: FMA:70772 ! lower zone of bulb of hair follicle
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005932 ! bulb of hair follicle
relationship: has_part CL:0000148 {source="FMA"} ! melanocyte
relationship: has_part CL:0000453 {source="FMA"} ! Langerhans cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006005
name: hair follicle isthmus
def: "the middle part of the hair follicle that extends from the sebaceous duct to the bulge" [MP:0010694]
synonym: "isthmus of hair follicle" EXACT [FMA:70723]
xref: FMA:70723 ! isthmus of hair follicle
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002073 ! hair follicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Hair_Follicle_Isthmus ! Hair Follicle Isthmus
xref: UMLS:C1182701

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006006
name: metoptic pilar
def: "posterior border of the optic nerve foramen." [MP:0010705]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005745 ! optic canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006007
name: pre-Botzinger complex
def: "the group of interneurons within the medulla oblongata's ventral respiratory group that are important for the generation of ventilatory (inspiratory) rhythmogenesis[MP]. The Pre-Bötzinger Complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem, which is essential to the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals[WP]." [MP:0010745, Wikipedia:Pre-botzinger_complex]
comment: the MP class implies this is part of both the medulla oblongata and the PSNS, which violates the spatial disjointness constraint. We weaken this to continuous_with here.
synonym: "preBötC" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pre-botzinger_complex]
synonym: "Pre-Bötzinger Complex" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pre-botzinger_complex]
xref: MA:0002577 ! pre-botzinger complex
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000011 ! parasympathetic nervous system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
synonym: "pre-botzinger respiratory control center" RELATED [MA:0002577]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010858 ! inter limb-segment region
name: inter limb-segment region
synonym: "interlimb" RELATED []
comment: Examples - region between digits in a human embryo; segments of a bat's patagium
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002529 {cardinality="2"} ! limb segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
name: interdigital region
comment: AO notes: MA and EMAPA mapping from TH
synonym: "interdigit region" EXACT []
synonym: "interdigit" RELATED [BTO:0004670]
xref: MA:0003012 ! interdigital region
xref: BTO:0004670 ! interdigit
xref: EMAPA:32618 ! interdigital region
is_a: UBERON:0010858 ! inter limb-segment region
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002544 {cardinality="2"} ! digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
name: interdigital region mesenchyme
comment: influences identity of anterior digit[Dahn and Fallon 2000], likely via BMP4
synonym: "interdigit mesenchyme" RELATED []
synonym: "interdigital mesenchyme" EXACT []
synonym: "mesenchyme of interdigital region" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006013
name: interdigital region between manual digits
synonym: "hand interdigit region" EXACT [MA:0000627]
synonym: "interdigital region of manus" EXACT []
synonym: "manual interdigital region" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000627 ! hand interdigit region
xref: VHOG:0000991 ! hand interdigital region
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002389 {cardinality="2"} ! finger
synonym: "hand interdigital region" EXACT [VHOG:0000991]
def: "An interdigital region that is part of a manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006014
name: interdigital region between pedal digits
synonym: "foot interdigit region" EXACT [MA:0000651]
synonym: "interdigit region of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "pedal interdigit region" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000651 ! foot interdigit region
xref: VHOG:0000992 ! foot interdigital region
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001466 {cardinality="2"} ! toe
synonym: "foot interdigital region" EXACT [VHOG:0000992]
def: "An interdigital region that is part of a pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006015 ! webbed interdigital region
name: webbed interdigital region
def: "Interdigital webbing is the presence of membranes of skin between the digits. Normally in mammals, webbing is present in the embryo but resorbed later in development, but in various mammal species it occasionally persists in adulthood.[1] In humans, it can be found in those suffering from LEOPARD syndrome and from Aarskog-Scott syndrome. Webbing between the digits of the hindfoot is also present in several mammals that spend part of their time in the water.[3] Webbing accommodates movement in the water[WP]." [Wikipedia:Interdigital_webbing]
synonym: "web" BROAD []
synonym: "interdigital webbing" EXACT []
synonym: "syndactylous interdigital region" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008440 ! webbed autopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008438
name: webbed interdigital region between manual digits
intersection_of: UBERON:0006015 ! webbed interdigital region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008441 ! webbed manus
def: "A webbed interdigital region that is part of a manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008439
name: webbed interdigital region between pedal digits
synonym: "toe web" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006015 ! webbed interdigital region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008442 ! webbed pes
def: "A webbed interdigital region that is part of a pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008440 ! webbed autopod
name: webbed autopod
intersection_of: UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0006015 ! webbed interdigital region
def: "An autopod region that has_part a webbed interdigital region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008441 ! webbed manus
name: webbed manus
synonym: "hand webbing" RELATED [AAO:0010120]
synonym: "webbed hand" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002398 ! manus
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0006015 ! webbed interdigital region
xref: AAO:0010120 ! hand webbing
def: "A manus that has_part a webbed interdigital region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008442 ! webbed pes
name: webbed pes
synonym: "foot webbing" RELATED [AAO:0010121]
synonym: "webbed foot" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002387 ! pes
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0006015 ! webbed interdigital region
xref: AAO:0010121 ! foot webbing
def: "A pes that has_part a webbed interdigital region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008443
name: webbed digit
intersection_of: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008440 ! webbed autopod
def: "A digit that is part of a webbed autopod." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008444
name: webbed manual digit
synonym: "webbed finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of webbed manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of webbed hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008441 ! webbed manus
def: "A digit that is part of a webbed manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008445
name: webbed pedal digit
synonym: "webbed toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of webbed pes" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of webbed foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002544 ! digit
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008442 ! webbed pes
def: "A digit that is part of a webbed pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006016
name: interdigital region between digits 1 and 2
is_a: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006048 ! digit 1
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006049 ! digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a digit 1 and adjacent_to a digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006019
name: interdigital region between digits 2 and 3
is_a: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006049 ! digit 2
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006050 ! digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a digit 2 and adjacent_to a digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006022
name: interdigital region between digits 3 and 4
is_a: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006050 ! digit 3
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006051 ! digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a digit 3 and adjacent_to a digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006025
name: interdigital region between digits 4 and 5
is_a: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006051 ! digit 4
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0006052 ! digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a digit 4 and adjacent_to a digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006026
name: interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2
xref: EHDAA2:0000844 ! interdigital region between fingers 1 and 2
xref: EHDAA:6298 ! interdigital region between digits 1 and 2
xref: EMAPA:17445 ! interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a manual digit 1 and adjacent_to a manual digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006029
name: interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3
xref: EHDAA2:0000847 ! interdigital region between fingers 2 and 3
xref: EHDAA:6304 ! interdigital region between digits 2 and 3
xref: EMAPA:17448 ! interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a manual digit 2 and adjacent_to a manual digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006032
name: interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4
xref: EHDAA2:0000850 ! interdigital region between fingers 3 and 4
xref: EHDAA:6310 ! interdigital region between digits 3 and 4
xref: EMAPA:17451 ! interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a manual digit 3 and adjacent_to a manual digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006035
name: interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5
xref: EHDAA2:0000853 ! interdigital region between fingers 4 and 5
xref: EHDAA:6316 ! interdigital region between digits 4 and 5
xref: EMAPA:17454 ! interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003625 ! manual digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a manual digit 4 and adjacent_to a manual digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006038
name: interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2
xref: EHDAA2:0000856 ! interdigital region between toes 1 and 2
xref: EHDAA:6148 ! interdigital region between digits 1 and 2
xref: EMAPA:17476 ! interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003631 ! pedal digit 1
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003632 ! pedal digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a pedal digit 1 and adjacent_to a pedal digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006041
name: interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3
xref: EHDAA2:0000859 ! interdigital region between toes 2 and 3
xref: EHDAA:6154 ! interdigital region between digits 2 and 3
xref: EMAPA:17479 ! interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003632 ! pedal digit 2
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003633 ! pedal digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a pedal digit 2 and adjacent_to a pedal digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006044
name: interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4
xref: EHDAA2:0000862 ! interdigital region between toes 3 and 4
xref: EHDAA:6160 ! interdigital region between digits 3 and 4
xref: EMAPA:17482 ! interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003633 ! pedal digit 3
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003634 ! pedal digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a pedal digit 3 and adjacent_to a pedal digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006047
name: interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5
xref: EHDAA2:0000865 ! interdigital region between toes 4 and 5
xref: EHDAA:6166 ! interdigital region between digits 4 and 5
xref: EMAPA:17485 ! interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003634 ! pedal digit 4
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003635 ! pedal digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
def: "An interdigital region that adjacent_to a pedal digit 4 and adjacent_to a pedal digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009586
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006026 {source="EMAPA"} ! interdigital region between fingers 1 and 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006026  ! interdigital region between fingers 1 and 2
xref: EMAPA:17447 ! mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 of forelimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000846 ! interdigital region between fingers 1 and 2 mesenchyme
synonym: "interdigital region between fingers 1 and 2 mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000846]
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009587
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006029 {source="EMAPA"} ! interdigital region between fingers 2 and 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006029  ! interdigital region between fingers 2 and 3
xref: EMAPA:17450 ! mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 of forelimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000849 ! interdigital region between fingers 2 and 3 mesenchyme
synonym: "interdigital region between fingers 2 and 3 mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000849]
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009588
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006032 {source="EMAPA"} ! interdigital region between fingers 3 and 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006032  ! interdigital region between fingers 3 and 4
xref: EMAPA:17453 ! mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 of forelimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000852 ! interdigital region between fingers 3 and 4 mesenchyme
synonym: "interdigital region between fingers 3 and 4 mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000852]
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009589
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006035 {source="EMAPA"} ! interdigital region between fingers 4 and 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006035  ! interdigital region between fingers 4 and 5
xref: EMAPA:17456 ! mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 of forelimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000855 ! interdigital region between fingers 4 and 5 mesenchyme
synonym: "interdigital region between fingers 4 and 5 mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000855]
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009590
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006038 {source="EMAPA"} ! interdigital region between toes 1 and 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006038  ! interdigital region between toes 1 and 2
xref: EMAPA:17478 ! mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 of hindlimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000858 ! interdigital region between toes 1 and 2 mesenchyme
synonym: "interdigital region between toes 1 and 2 mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000858]
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009591
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006041 {source="EMAPA"} ! interdigital region between toes 2 and 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006041  ! interdigital region between toes 2 and 3
xref: EMAPA:17481 ! mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 of hindlimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000861 ! interdigital region between toes 2 and 3 mesenchyme
synonym: "interdigital region between toes 2 and 3 mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000861]
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009592
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006044 {source="EMAPA"} ! interdigital region between toes 3 and 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006044  ! interdigital region between toes 3 and 4
xref: EMAPA:17484 ! mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 of hindlimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000864 ! interdigital region between toes 3 and 4 mesenchyme
synonym: "interdigital region between toes 3 and 4 mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000864]
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009593
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006047 {source="EMAPA"} ! interdigital region between toes 4 and 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006047  ! interdigital region between toes 4 and 5
xref: EMAPA:17487 ! mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 of hindlimb
xref: EHDAA2:0000867 ! interdigital region between toes 4 and 5 mesenchyme
synonym: "interdigital region between toes 4 and 5 mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000867]
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009596
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006016 ! interdigital region between digits 1 and 2
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between digits 1 and 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009597
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006019 ! interdigital region between digits 2 and 3
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between digits 2 and 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009598
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006022 ! interdigital region between digits 3 and 4
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between digits 3 and 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009599
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006025 ! interdigital region between digits 4 and 5
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region between digits 4 and 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009600
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region of manus
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
synonym: "mesenchyme of interdigital region of forelimb" EXACT []
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a manus." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006013 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! interdigital region between manual digits

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009601
name: mesenchyme of interdigital region of pes
intersection_of: UBERON:0009585 ! interdigital region mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "mesenchyme of interdigital region of hindlimb" EXACT []
def: "An interdigital region mesenchyme that is part of a pes." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006014 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! interdigital region between pedal digits

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006086
name: stria medullaris
def: "The major afferent track to the habenula from the telencephalon (particularly in the septal side) in all vertebrates[Butler and Hodos]." [ISBN10:0471888893]
synonym: "stria habenularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066]
synonym: "stria medullaris of thalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066, FMA:62080]
synonym: "stria medullaris thalami" EXACT PLURAL [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066]
synonym: "stria medullaris thalamica" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066]
synonym: "stria medullaris (wenzel - wenzel)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066]
xref: FMA:62080 ! stria medullaris of thalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1066 ! Stria medullaris
xref: BM:Die-SM ! stria medullaris of thalamus
is_a: UBERON:0013199 {source="FMA"} ! stria of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="ISBN10:0471888893"} ! Vertebrata
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001904 ! habenula
xref: SCTID:362368004 ! Entire stria medullaris
property_value: external_definition "Stria medullaris of thalamus is a slender fiber bundle on the dorsal surface of the diencephalon which terminates posteriorly in the habenular nuclei[FMA:62080]." xsd:string {source="FMA:62080"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006087
name: internal arcuate fiber bundle
synonym: "arcuate fibers medial lemniscus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1091]
synonym: "internal arcuate fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1091]
synonym: "internal arcuate fibers" EXACT [FMA:72629]
synonym: "internal arcuate fibres" EXACT [FMA:72629]
synonym: "internal arcuate tract" EXACT [FMA:72629]
xref: FMA:72629 ! internal arcuate tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1091 ! Internal arcuate fiber bundle
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
synonym: "fibrae arcuatae internae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72629]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006088
name: inferior parietal cortex
def: "Component of the parietal lobe. The inferior parietal cortex label includes the inferior parietal gyrus and the angular gyrus and lies inferior to the superior parietal gyrus. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the supramarginal gyrus and the parieto-occipital incisure respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the superior parietal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1194]
synonym: "inferior parietal cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1194]
synonym: "inferior parietal lobule" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1194]
synonym: "inferior parietal lobule" EXACT [FMA:77536]
xref: FMA:77536 ! inferior parietal lobule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1194 ! Inferior parietal cortex
xref: EFO:0001951 ! inferior parietal lobule
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:362336007 ! Entire inferior parietal lobule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006089
name: dorsal external arcuate fiber bundle
synonym: "dorsal external arcuate fiber bundle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250]
synonym: "dorsal external arcuate fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250]
synonym: "dorsal superficial arcuate fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250]
synonym: "external arcuate fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250]
synonym: "dorsal external arcuate fibers" EXACT [FMA:72630]
synonym: "dorsal superficial arcuate fibers" EXACT [FMA:72630]
synonym: "dorsal external arcuate tract" EXACT [FMA:72630]
xref: FMA:72630 ! dorsal external arcuate tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1250 ! Dorsal external arcuate fiber bundle
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006090
name: glossopharyngeal nerve fiber bundle
synonym: "central part of glossopharyngeal nerve" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve fiber bundle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274]
synonym: "ninth cranial nerve fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274]
synonym: "central part of glossopharyngeal nerve" EXACT [FMA:72627]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72627]
synonym: "ninth cranial nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72627]
synonym: "glossopharyngeal nerve tract" EXACT [FMA:72627]
xref: FMA:72627 ! glossopharyngeal nerve tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1274 ! Glossopharyngeal nerve fiber bundle
is_a: UBERON:0002678 ! regional part of medulla oblongata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006091
name: inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
def: "The part of the lateral ventricle extending downward and anteriorly in the temporal lobe." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1292]
synonym: "inferior horn of the lateral ventricle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1292]
synonym: "temporal horn of lateral ventricle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1292]
synonym: "inferior horn of lateral ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83701]
xref: FMA:83701 ! temporal horn of lateral ventricle
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1292 ! Inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
synonym: "cornu inferius ventriculi lateralis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:83701]
xref: SCTID:362315005 ! Entire inferior horn of lateral ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006092
name: cuneus cortex
def: "Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary was the first coronal slice above the calcarine sulcus where the cuneus cortex becomes visible whereas the caudal boundary was the last slice where the calcarine sulcus was visualized. The medial boundary was the most medial portion of the occipital and parietal cortices. The superio-lateral boundary was the parieto-occipital fissure whereas the inferolateral boundary was the pericalcarine cortex (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396]
synonym: "cuneate lobule" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396]
synonym: "cuneus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396]
synonym: "cuneus cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396]
synonym: "cuneus gyrus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396]
synonym: "cuneus of hemisphere" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396]
synonym: "cuneate lobule" EXACT [FMA:61903]
synonym: "cuneus gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61903]
synonym: "cuneus of hemisphere" EXACT [FMA:61903]
xref: FMA:61903 ! cuneus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1396 ! Cuneus cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002021 ! occipital lobe
xref: SCTID:279199007 ! Entire cuneus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006093
name: precuneus cortex
def: "Component of the pareital lobe. The rostral boundary was the posterior extent of the paracentral lobule whereas the caudal boundary was the lingual gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were the parieto-occipital fissure and the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446]
synonym: "precuneate lobule" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446]
synonym: "precuneus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446]
synonym: "precuneus cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446]
synonym: "quadrate lobule" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446]
synonym: "precuneate lobule" EXACT [FMA:61900]
synonym: "quadrate lobule" EXACT [FMA:61900]
xref: FMA:61900 ! precuneus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1446 ! Precuneus cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
xref: SCTID:279200005 ! Entire precuneus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006094
name: superior parietal cortex
def: "Copmonent of the parietal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the superior parietal cortex were the precentral gyrus and lateral occipital cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the precuneus and/or cuneus cortex and the infererior parietal cortex respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450]
synonym: "superior parietal cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450]
synonym: "superior parietal gyrus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450]
synonym: "superior parietal lobule" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450]
synonym: "superior portion of parietal gyrus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450]
synonym: "superior parietal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61899]
synonym: "superior portion of parietal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:61899]
xref: FMA:61899 ! superior parietal lobule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1450 ! Superior parietal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
xref: SCTID:279168006 ! Entire superior parietal lobule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006097
name: ventral external arcuate fiber bundle
synonym: "ventral external arcuate fiber bundle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1628]
synonym: "ventral external arcuate fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1628]
synonym: "ventral external arcuate fibers" EXACT [FMA:72631]
synonym: "ventral external arcuate tract" EXACT [FMA:72631]
xref: FMA:72631 ! ventral external arcuate tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1628 ! Ventral external arcuate fiber bundle
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle
is_a: UBERON:0002678 ! regional part of medulla oblongata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013529
name: Brodmann area
def: "A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex defined based on its cytoarchitectonics, or structure and organization of cells." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 {source="FMA", source="Wikipedia"} ! cerebral cortex
xref: FMA:68596 ! brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1731  ! Brodmann partition scheme region
xref: WikipediaCategory:Brodmann_areas 
xref: SCTID:384717008 ! Brodmann area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006099
name: Brodmann (1909) area 1
def: "." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732]
synonym: "Area postcentralis intermedia" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732]
synonym: "B09-1" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732]
synonym: "Brodmann area 1" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732]
synonym: "BA1" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "area 1 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732]
synonym: "Brodmann (1909) area 1" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732]
synonym: "intermediate postcentral" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732]
synonym: "area 1 of Brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68597]
synonym: "Brodmann's area 1" EXACT [FMA:68597]
synonym: "intermediate postcentral area" EXACT [FMA:68597]
xref: FMA:68597 ! Brodmann area 1
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1732 ! Brodmann (1909) area 1
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="FMA"} ! Brodmann area
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006100
name: Brodmann (1909) area 3
def: "." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734]
synonym: "Area postcentralis oralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734]
synonym: "B09-3" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734]
synonym: "Brodmann area 3" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734]
synonym: "BA3" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "area 3 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734]
synonym: "Brodmann (1909) area 3" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734]
synonym: "rostral postcentral" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734]
synonym: "area 3 of Brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68599]
synonym: "Brodmann's area 3" EXACT [FMA:68599]
synonym: "rostral postcentral area" EXACT [FMA:68599]
xref: FMA:68599 ! Brodmann area 3
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1734 ! Brodmann (1909) area 3
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="FMA"} ! Brodmann area
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006101
name: Brodmann (1909) area 24
def: "." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755]
synonym: "area cingularis anterior ventralis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755]
synonym: "B09-24" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755]
synonym: "Brodmann area 24" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755]
synonym: "BA24" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "area 24 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755]
synonym: "Brodmann (1909) area 24" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755]
synonym: "ventral anterior cingulate" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755]
synonym: "area 24 of Brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68621]
xref: FMA:68621 ! Brodmann area 24
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1755 ! Brodmann (1909) area 24
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="FMA"} ! Brodmann area
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006102
name: Brodmann (1909) area 35
synonym: "Area perirhinalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768]
synonym: "B09-35" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768]
synonym: "Brodmann area 35" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768]
synonym: "BA35" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "Brodmann area 35, perirhinal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768]
synonym: "Brodmann.35" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768]
synonym: "area 35 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768]
synonym: "Brodmann (1909) area 35" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768]
synonym: "area 35 of Brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68632]
synonym: "Brodmann's area 35" EXACT [FMA:68632]
synonym: "perirhinal area 35" EXACT [FMA:68632]
xref: FMA:68632 ! Brodmann area 35
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1768 ! Brodmann (1909) area 35
xref: BTO:0004356 ! Brodmann area 35
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="FMA"} ! Brodmann area
xref: SCTID:384790006 ! Entire Brodmann area 35, perirhinal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006104
name: Brodmann (1909) area 36
synonym: "Area ectorhinalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769]
synonym: "B09-36" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769]
synonym: "Brodmann area 36" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769]
synonym: "BA36" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "Brodmann.36" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769]
synonym: "area 36 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769]
synonym: "Brodmann (1909) area 36" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769]
synonym: "ectorhinal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769]
synonym: "area 36 of Brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68633]
synonym: "ectorhinal area 36" EXACT [FMA:68633]
xref: FMA:68633 ! Brodmann area 36
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1769 ! Brodmann (1909) area 36
xref: BTO:0004357 ! Brodmann area 36
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="FMA"} ! Brodmann area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013528
name: Brodmann (1909) area 11
def: "Brodmann area 11 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in planning, reasoning, and decision making." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_11]
synonym: "area 11 of brodmann" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_11]
synonym: "prefrontal area 11" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_11]
synonym: "area 11 of brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68608]
synonym: "medial orbital area" EXACT  [FMA:68608]
synonym: "area praefrontalis" BROAD  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1742]
synonym: "B09-11" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1742]
synonym: "Brodmann area 11, prefrontal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1742]
synonym: "area 11 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1742]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 11" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1742]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="FMA"} ! Brodmann area
xref: FMA:68608 ! brodmann area 11
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1742 ! Brodmann (1909) area 11

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004717
name: Brodmann (1909) area 29
def: "Brodmann area 29, also known as granular retrolimbic area 29 or granular retrosplenial cortex, is a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ectosplenial area 26 and externally by the agranular retrolimbic area 30 (Brodmann-1909)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_29]
synonym: "granular retrolimbic area 29" RELATED [BTO:0003978, Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_29]
synonym: "area 29 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68626]
synonym: "brodmann's area 29" EXACT [FMA:68626]
synonym: "Area retrolimbica granularis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1763]
synonym: "B09-29" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1763]
synonym: "Brodmann area 29, granular retrolimbic" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1763]
synonym: "area 29 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1763]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 29" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1763]
synonym: "Brodmann area 29" EXACT [FMA:68626]
xref: Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_29 ! brodmann area 29
xref: BTO:0003978 ! Brodmann area 29
xref: FMA:68626 ! Brodmann area 29
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1763 ! Brodmann (1909) area 29
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="FMA"} ! Brodmann area
property_value: external_definition "A cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ectosplenial area 26 and externally by the agranular retrolimbic area 30[BTO:0003978]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0003978"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004718
name: Brodmann (1909) area 26
def: "." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_26]
synonym: "Area ectosplenialis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1757]
synonym: "B09-26" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1757]
synonym: "Brodmann area 26, ectosplenial" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1757]
synonym: "area 26 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1757]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 26" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1757]
synonym: "ectosplenial area 26" RELATED [BTO:0003979, Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_26]
synonym: "area 26 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68623]
synonym: "ectosplenial area" EXACT [FMA:68623]
synonym: "Brodmann area 26" EXACT [FMA:68623]
xref: Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_26 ! brodmann area 26
xref: BTO:0003979 ! Brodmann area 26
xref: FMA:68623 ! Brodmann area 26
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1757 ! Brodmann (1909) area 26
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="FMA"} ! Brodmann area
property_value: external_definition "In the human this area is called ectosplenial area 26. It is a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. It is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus adjacent to the fasciolar gyrus internally. It is bounded externally by the granular retrolimbic area 29[BTO:0003979]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0003979"}


[Term]
id: UBERON:0013533
name: Brodmann (1909) area 2
synonym: "Area postcentralis caudalis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1733]
synonym: "B09-2" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1733]
synonym: "Brodmann area 2, caudal postcentral" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1733]
synonym: "area 2 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1733]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 2" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1733]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1733 ! Brodmann (1909) area 2
synonym: "Area 2 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68598]
synonym: "Brodmann's area 2" EXACT  [FMA:68598]
synonym: "Caudal postcentral area" EXACT  [FMA:68598]
xref: FMA:68598 ! Brodmann area 2
synonym: "Brodmann area 2" EXACT [FMA:68598]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013535
name: Brodmann (1909) area 4
synonym: "Area gigantopyramidalis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1735]
synonym: "B09-4" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1735]
synonym: "Brodmann area 4, gigantopyramidal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1735]
synonym: "area 4 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1735]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 4" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1735]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1735 ! Brodmann (1909) area 4
synonym: "Area 4 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68600]
synonym: "Brodmann's area 4" EXACT  [FMA:68600]
synonym: "Giant pyramidal area" EXACT  [FMA:68600]
xref: FMA:68600 ! Brodmann area 4
synonym: "Brodmann area 4" EXACT [FMA:68600]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013538
name: Brodmann (1909) area 7
def: "Brodmann area 7 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in locating objects in space. It serves as a point of convergence between vision and proprioception to determine where objects are in relation to parts of the body." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_7]
synonym: "Area parietalis superior" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_7]
synonym: "Area parietalis superior" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1738]
synonym: "B09-7" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1738]
synonym: "Brodmann area 7, superior parietal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1738]
synonym: "area 7 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1738]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 7" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1738]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1738 ! Brodmann (1909) area 7
xref: FMA:68604 ! Brodmann area 7
synonym: "Brodmann area 7" EXACT [FMA:68604]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013539
name: Brodmann (1909) area 8
def: "Brodmann area 8 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in planning complex movements." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_8]
synonym: "Area frontalis intermedia" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_8]
synonym: "Area frontalis intermedia" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1739]
synonym: "B09-8" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1739]
synonym: "Brodmann area 8, intermediate frontal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1739]
synonym: "area 8 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1739]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 8" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1739]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1739 ! Brodmann (1909) area 8
synonym: "Area 8 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68605]
synonym: "Intermediate frontal area" EXACT  [FMA:68605]
xref: FMA:68605 ! Brodmann area 8
synonym: "Brodmann area 8" EXACT [FMA:68605]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013540
name: Brodmann (1909) area 9
def: "" [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_9]
synonym: "Area frontalis granularis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_9]
synonym: "Area frontalis granularis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1740]
synonym: "B09-9" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1740]
synonym: "Brodmann area 9, granular frontal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1740]
synonym: "area 9 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1740]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 9" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1740]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1740 ! Brodmann (1909) area 9
synonym: "Area 9 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68606]
synonym: "Granular frontal area" EXACT  [FMA:68606]
xref: FMA:68606 ! Brodmann area 9
synonym: "Brodmann area 9" EXACT [FMA:68606]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013541
name: Brodmann (1909) area 10
synonym: "Area frontopolaris" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1741]
synonym: "B09-10" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1741]
synonym: "Brodmann area 10, frontoplar" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1741]
synonym: "Brodmann.10" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1741]
synonym: "area 10 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1741]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 10" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1741]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1741 ! Brodmann (1909) area 10
synonym: "Area 10 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68607]
synonym: "Lateral orbital area" EXACT  [FMA:68607]
xref: FMA:68607 ! Brodmann area 10
synonym: "Brodmann area 10" EXACT [FMA:68607]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013543
alt_id: UBERON:0013530
name: Brodmann (1909) area 12
def: "Brodmann area 12 is a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies the most rostral portion of the frontal lobe. Brodmann-1909 did not regard it as homologous, either topographically or cytoarchitecturally, to rostral area 12 of the human. Distinctive features (Brodmann-1905): a quite distinct internal granular layer (IV) separates slender pyramidal cells of the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V); the multiform layer (VI) is expanded, contains widely dispersed spindle cells and merges gradually with the underlying cortical white matter; all cells, including the pyramidal cells of the external and internal pyramidal layers are inordinately small; the internal pyramidal layer (V) also contains spindle cells in groups of two to five located close to its border with the internal granular layer (IV)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_12]
synonym: "Brodmann area 12" EXACT [FMA:68609]
synonym: "area 12 of brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68609]
synonym: "frontopolar area" EXACT  [FMA:68609]
synonym: "area praefrontalis" BROAD  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "B09-12" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "Brodmann area 12, prefrontal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "area 12 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 12" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "Area praefrontalis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "B09-12" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "Brodmann area 12, prefrontal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "area 12 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 12" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1743 ! Brodmann (1909) area 12
xref: FMA:68609 ! brodmann area 12

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013544
name: Brodmann (1909) area 13
def: "Brodmann area 13 is a subdivision of the cerebral cortex as defined on the guenon monkey and on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann area 13 is found in humans, however it seems to act as a bridge between the lateral and medial layers of the brain. Thus it is sometimes misidentified as not being a Brodmann area." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_13]
synonym: "B09-13" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1744]
synonym: "area 13 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1744]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 13" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1744]
synonym: "Brodmann area 13" EXACT [FMA:68610]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1744 ! Brodmann (1909) area 13
xref: FMA:68610 ! Brodmann area 13
synonym: "Brodmann area 13" EXACT [FMA:68610]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013545
name: Brodmann (1909) area 14
synonym: "B09-14" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1745]
synonym: "area 14 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1745]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 14" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1745]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1745 ! Brodmann (1909) area 14
xref: FMA:68611 ! Brodmann area 14
synonym: "Brodmann area 14" EXACT [FMA:68611]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013546
name: Brodmann (1909) area 15
def: "Brodmann Area 15 is one of Brodmann's subdivisions of the cerebral cortex in the brain. Area 15 was defined by Brodmann in the guenon monkey, but he found no equivalent structure in humans. However, functional imaging experiments have found structures that may be homologous." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_15]
synonym: "B09-15" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1746]
synonym: "area 15 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1746]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 15" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1746]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1746 ! Brodmann (1909) area 15
xref: FMA:68612 ! Brodmann area 15
synonym: "Brodmann area 15" EXACT [FMA:68612]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013547
name: Brodmann (1909) area 16
def: "Brodmann area 16 is a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is a relatively undifferentiated cortical area that Brodmann regarded as part of the insula because of the relation of its innermost multiform layer (VI) with the claustrum (VICl). The laminar organization of cortex is almost totally lacking. The molecular layer (I) is wide as in area 15 of Brodmann-1905. The space between layer I and layer VI is composed of a mixture of pyramidal cells and spindle cells with no significant number of granule cells. Pyramidal cells clump in the outer part to form glomeruli similar to those seen in some of the primary olfactory areas (Brodmann-1905). This term also refers to an area known as peripaleocortical claustral - a cytoarchitecturally defined (agranular) portion of the insula at its rostral extreme where it approaches most closely the claustrum and the prepyriform area (Stephan-76)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_16]
synonym: "B09-16" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1747]
synonym: "area 16 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1747]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 16" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1747]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1747 ! Brodmann (1909) area 16
synonym: "Area 16 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68613]
xref: FMA:68613 ! Brodmann area 16
synonym: "Brodmann area 16" EXACT [FMA:68613]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013550
name: Brodmann (1909) area 19
synonym: "Area peristriata" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1750]
synonym: "B09-19" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1750]
synonym: "Brodmann area 19, peristriate" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1750]
synonym: "area 19 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1750]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 19" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1750]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1750 ! Brodmann (1909) area 19
synonym: "Area 19 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68616]
synonym: "Brodmann's area 19" EXACT  [FMA:68616]
synonym: "Preoccipital area" EXACT  [FMA:68616]
xref: FMA:68616 ! Brodmann area 19
synonym: "Brodmann area 19" EXACT [FMA:68616]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013551
name: Brodmann (1909) area 20
synonym: "Area temporalis inferior" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1751]
synonym: "B09-20" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1751]
synonym: "Brodmann area 20, inferior temporal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1751]
synonym: "area 20 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1751]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 20" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1751]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1751 ! Brodmann (1909) area 20
synonym: "Area 20 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68617]
synonym: "Inferior temporal area" EXACT  [FMA:68617]
xref: FMA:68617 ! Brodmann area 20
synonym: "Brodmann area 20" EXACT [FMA:68617]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004685
name: middle temporal area
synonym: "middle temporal area" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090308]
synonym: "middle temporal area" EXACT [FMA:68618]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090308 ! Middle temporal area
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Brodmann_area_21.png/200px-Brodmann_area_21.png
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Brodmann_area_21.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013552
name: Brodmann (1909) area 21
def: "Brodmann area 21, or BA21, is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. The region encompasses most of the lateral temporal cortex, a region believed to play a part in auditory processing and language. Language function is left lateralized in most individuals. BA21 is superior to BA20 and inferior to BA40 and BA41. This area is also known as middle temporal area 21. It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the middle temporal gyrus. It is bounded rostrally by the temporopolar area 38 (H), ventrally by the inferior temporal area 20, caudally by the occipitotemporal area 37 (H), and dorsally by the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_21]
synonym: "area 21 of Brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68618]
synonym: "Brodmann area 21" EXACT []
synonym: "BA21" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "Area temporalis media" RELATED  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1752]
synonym: "B09-21" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1752]
synonym: "Brodmann area 21, middle temporal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1752]
synonym: "area 21 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1752]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 21" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1752]
synonym: "Brodmann area 21" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004685 {notes="consider merging many sources treat as synonymous"} ! middle temporal area
xref: FMA:68618 ! Brodmann area 21
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1752 ! Brodmann (1909) area 21

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013553
name: Brodmann (1909) area 22
def: "Brodmann area 22 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in auditory processing." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_22]
synonym: "Area temporalis superior" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_22]
synonym: "Area temporalis superior" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1753]
synonym: "B09-22" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1753]
synonym: "Brodmann area 22, superior temporal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1753]
synonym: "area 22 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1753]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 22" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1753]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1753 ! Brodmann (1909) area 22
synonym: "Area 22 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68619]
synonym: "Superior temporal area" EXACT  [FMA:68619]
xref: FMA:68619 ! Brodmann area 22
synonym: "Brodmann area 22" EXACT [FMA:68619]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013554
name: Brodmann (1909) area 23
def: "Brodmann area 23 (BA23) is a region in the brain corresponding to some portion of the posterior cingulate cortex. It lies between Brodmann area 30 and Brodmann area 31 and is located on the medial wall of the cingulate gyrus between the callosal sulcus and the cingulate sulcus." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_23]
synonym: "Area cingularis posterior ventralis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_23]
synonym: "Area cingularis posterior ventralis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1754]
synonym: "B09-23" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1754]
synonym: "Brodmann area 23, ventral posterior cingulate" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1754]
synonym: "area 23 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1754]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 23" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1754]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1754 ! Brodmann (1909) area 23
synonym: "Area 23 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68620]
synonym: "Granular cingulate area" EXACT  [FMA:68620]
synonym: "Posterior cingulate area" EXACT  [FMA:68620]
xref: FMA:68620 ! Brodmann area 23
synonym: "Brodmann area 23" EXACT [FMA:68620]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013556
name: Brodmann (1909) area 25
synonym: "Area subgenualis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1756]
synonym: "B09-25" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1756]
synonym: "Brodmann area 25, subgenual" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1756]
synonym: "area 25 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1756]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 25" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1756]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1756 ! Brodmann (1909) area 25
synonym: "Area 25 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68622]
synonym: "Brodmann's area 25" EXACT  [FMA:68622]
xref: FMA:68622 ! Brodmann area 25
synonym: "Brodmann area 25" EXACT [FMA:68622]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001953
name: presubiculum
def: "a modified six-layered cortex between the subiculum and the main part of the parahippocampal gyrus." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/presubiculum]
comment: Consider merging with BA27
synonym: "presubiculum (Cajal)" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1108]
synonym: "area 27 of Brodmann" RELATED INCONSISTENT  [FMA:62486]
xref: FMA:62486 ! Presubiculum
xref: MA:0000923 ! presubiculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1108 ! Presubiculum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_27.png/200px-Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_27.png
xref: ABA:PRE ! Presubiculum
xref: BM:Tel-Cx-PSB ! presubiculum
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002973 {source="FMA"} ! parahippocampal gyrus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002728 {source="ABA"} ! entorhinal area
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0004683 {source="ABA"} ! parasubiculum
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002191 {source="ABA"} ! subiculum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_27.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013558
name: Brodmann (1909) area 27
def: "Area 27 of Brodmann-1909 is a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that is a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus of the guenon (Brodmann-1909). It is commonly regarded as a synonym of presubiculum (Crosby-62). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_27]
synonym: "area 27 of Brodmann" EXACT []
synonym: "Brodmann area 27" EXACT []
synonym: "BA27" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "Area praesubicularis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1758]
synonym: "B09-27" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1758]
synonym: "Brodmann area 26, presubicular" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1758]
synonym: "area 27 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1758]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 27" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1758]
synonym: "Area 27" EXACT  [FMA:68624]
synonym: "Presubicular area" EXACT  [FMA:68624]
synonym: "Brodmann area 27" EXACT [FMA:68624]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001953 {notes="consider merging many sources treat as synonymous"} ! presubiculum
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1758 ! Brodmann (1909) area 27
xref: FMA:68624 ! Brodmann area 27

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002895
name: secondary olfactory cortex
def: "Brodmann's area 28; major gateway for neocortical input to the hippocampus; origin of the perforant pathway; a component of the medial temporal lobe memory system. (CSP) * The cytoarchitecturally well-defined area of multilaminate cerebral cortex on the medial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus, immediately caudal to the olfactory cortex of the uncus. The entorhinal cortex is the origin of the major neural fiber system afferent to the hippocampus, the so-called PERFORANT PATHWAY. (Stedman, 25th ed)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2709]
comment: FMA considers this a syn of entorhinal cortex. See also brodman definition
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "entorhinal cortex" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:72356]
synonym: "secondary olfactory cortex" EXACT [FMA:72356]
synonym: "secondary olfactory cortical area (carpenter)" EXACT []
synonym: "secondary olfactory areas" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2709]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2709 ! Secondary olfactory cortex
xref: BTO:0004345 ! entorhinal cortex
xref: EV:0100179 ! secondary olfactory cortex
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 {source="FMA"} ! cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002894 {source="NIF"} ! olfactory cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013559
name: Brodmann (1909) area 28
def: "." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_28]
synonym: "Area entorhinalis ventralis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_28]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_28.png
synonym: "area 28 of Brodmann (crosby)" EXACT []
synonym: "area 28 of Brodmann" EXACT []
synonym: "Brodmann area 28" EXACT [FMA:68625]
synonym: "BA28" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "Area entorhinalis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1759]
synonym: "B09-28" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1759]
synonym: "Brodmann area 28, entorhinal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1759]
synonym: "area 28 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1759]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 28" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1759]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002895 {notes="consider merging many sources treat as synonymous"} ! secondary olfactory cortex
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1759 ! Brodmann (1909) area 28
xref: FMA:68625 ! Brodmann area 28
synonym: "Brodmann area 28" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013560
name: Brodmann (1909) area 32
def: "The Brodmann area 32, also known in the human brain as the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32, refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus. The cingulate sulcus defines approximately its inner boundary and the superior rostral sulcus (H) its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the frontal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, externally by medial margins of the agranular frontal area 6, intermediate frontal area 8, granular frontal area 9, frontopolar area 10, and prefrontal area 11-1909. (Brodmann19-09). Dorsal region of anterior cingulate gyrus is associated with rational thought processes, most notably active during the Stroop task." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_32]
synonym: "Area cingularis anterior dorsalis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_32]
synonym: "Area cingularis anterior dorsalis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1760]
synonym: "B09-32" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1760]
synonym: "Brodmann area 32, dorsal anterior cingulate" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1760]
synonym: "area 32 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1760]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 32" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1760]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1760 ! Brodmann (1909) area 32
synonym: "Area 32 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68629]
synonym: "Prelimbic area" EXACT  [FMA:68629]
xref: FMA:68629 ! Brodmann area 32
synonym: "Brodmann area 32" EXACT [FMA:68629]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013561
name: Brodmann (1909) area 43
synonym: "Area subcentralis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1761]
synonym: "B09-43" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1761]
synonym: "Brodmann area 43, subcentral" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1761]
synonym: "area 43 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1761]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 43" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1761]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1761 ! Brodmann (1909) area 43
synonym: "Brodmann area 43" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013562
name: Brodmann (1909) area 8a
synonym: "B09-8a" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1762]
synonym: "area 8a of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1762]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 8a" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1762]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1762 ! Brodmann (1909) area 8a
synonym: "Brodmann area 8a" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002688
name: supramarginal gyrus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior part of inferior parietal lobule" EXACT [FMA:61897]
synonym: "inferior parietal lobule (krieg)" EXACT []
synonym: "Brodmann area 40" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supramarginal_gyrus]
synonym: "BA40" RELATED ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:61897 ! Supramarginal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1381 ! Supramarginal gyrus
xref: ncithesaurus:Supramarginal_Gyrus ! Supramarginal Gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gehirn%2C_lateral_-_Hauptgyri_beschriftet.svg/200px-Gehirn%2C_lateral_-_Hauptgyri_beschriftet.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 ! parietal lobe
xref: SCTID:279185008 ! Entire supramarginal gyrus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Gehirn,_lateral_-_Hauptgyri_beschriftet.svg
xref: UMLS:C0228214

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013573
name: Brodmann (1909) area 40
def: "Brodmann area 40, or BA40, is part of the parietal cortex in the human brain. The inferior part of BA40 is in the area of the supramarginal gyrus, which lies at the posterior end of the lateral fissure, in the inferior lateral part of the parietal lobe. It is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior postcentral sulcus, the posterior subcentral sulcus and the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the angular area 39 (H), rostrally and dorsally by the caudal postcentral area 2, and ventrally by the subcentral area 43 and the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). Cytoarchitectonically defined subregions of rostral BA40/the supramarginal gyrus are PF, PFcm, PFm, PFop, and PFt. Area PF is the homologue to macaque area PF, part of the mirror neuron system, and active in humans during imitation. The supramarginal gyrus part of Brodmann area 40 is the region in the inferior parietal lobe that is involved in reading both in regards to meaning and phonology. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Supramarginal_gyrus]
synonym: "Area supramarginalis" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1773]
synonym: "B09-40" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1773]
synonym: "Brodmann area 40, supramarginal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1773]
synonym: "area 40 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1773]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 40" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1773]
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002688 {notes="consider merging many sources treat as synonymous"} ! supramarginal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1773 ! Brodmann (1909) area 40
synonym: "Area 40 of Brodmann" EXACT  [FMA:68637]
synonym: "Supramarginal area 40" EXACT  [FMA:68637]
xref: FMA:68637 ! Brodmann area 40
synonym: "Brodmann area 40" EXACT [FMA:68637]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006095
alt_id: UBERON:0013574
name: anterior transverse termporal area 41
synonym: "Brodmann's area 41" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582]
synonym: "anterior transverse termporal area 41" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582]
synonym: "area 41 of Brodmann" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582]
synonym: "principle auditory receptive areas" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582]
synonym: "anterior transverse temporal area 41" EXACT [FMA:68638]
synonym: "area 41 of Brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68638]
synonym: "Brodmann area 41" EXACT [FMA:68638]
synonym: "BA41" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "Area temporalis transversa anterior" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1774]
synonym: "B09-41" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1774]
synonym: "Brodmann area 41, anterior transverse temporal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1774]
synonym: "area 41 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1774]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 41" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1774]
synonym: "Brodmann area 41" EXACT []
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1774 ! Brodmann (1909) area 41
xref: FMA:68638 ! Brodmann area 41
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1582 ! Anterior transverse termporal area 41
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006096
alt_id: UBERON:0013575
name: posterior transverse termporal area 42
synonym: "Brodmann's area 42" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589]
synonym: "area 42 of Brodmann" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589]
synonym: "auditory association area" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589]
synonym: "posterior transverse termporal area 42" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589]
synonym: "area 42 of Brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68639]
synonym: "posterior transverse temporal area 42" EXACT [FMA:68639]
synonym: "Brodmann area 42" EXACT [FMA:68639]
synonym: "BA42" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
synonym: "Brodmann area 42" EXACT []
synonym: "Area temporalis transversa posterior" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1775]
synonym: "B09-42" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1775]
synonym: "Brodmann area 42, posterior transverse temporal" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1775]
synonym: "area 42 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1775]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 42" EXACT  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1775]
xref: FMA:68639 ! Brodmann area 42
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1589 ! Posterior transverse termporal area 42
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1775 ! Brodmann (1909) area 42
is_a: UBERON:0013529 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! Brodmann area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013531
name: retrosplenial region
def: "The retrosplenial region is a brain area and part of the cingulate cortex. It is defined by Brodmann area 26, Brodmann area 29 and the Brodmann area 30." [Wikipedia:Retrosplenial_region]
synonym: "retrosplenial cortex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Retrosplenial_region]
synonym: "retrosplenial cortex" RELATED  [BTO:0003977]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003027 {source="BTO"} ! cingulate cortex
xref: BTO:0003977 ! retrosplenial region
property_value: external_definition "The retrosplenial region is a brain area and part of the cingulate cortex. It is defined by Brodmann area 29 and the Brodmann area 26[BTO:0003977]." xsd:string {source="BTO:0003977"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006105
name: obsolete basis modioli
consider: FMA:75640 ! base of modiolus of cochlea
consider: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2522 ! Basis modioli
is_obsolete: true
synonym: "basis modioli cochleae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75640]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006106
name: cochlear canal
synonym: "spiral canal of cochlea" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553]
synonym: "cochlear canal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553]
synonym: "wall of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:75371]
xref: FMA:75371 ! spiral canal of cochlea
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553 ! Cochlear canal
is_a: UBERON:0002558 ! organ cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea
xref: SCTID:279779009 ! Entire cochlear canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006108
name: corticomedial nuclear complex
synonym: "CMA" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680]
synonym: "amygdalar corticomedial nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680]
synonym: "corticomedial nuclear complex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680]
synonym: "corticomedial nuclear group" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680]
synonym: "pars corticomedialis (Corpus amygdaloideum)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680]
synonym: "corticomedial nuclear group" EXACT [FMA:84015]
synonym: "corticomedial nuclei of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:84015]
xref: FMA:84015 ! set of corticomedial nuclei of amygdala
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2680 ! Corticomedial nuclear complex
is_a: UBERON:0007245 ! nuclear complex of neuraxis
relationship: part_of BERON:0001876 ! amygdala
synonym: "set of corticomedial nuclei of amygdala" EXACT [FMA:84015]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006114
name: lateral occipital cortex
def: "Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the lateral occipital cortex were the superior parietal gyrus and as the last visible portion of occipital cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the cuneus/pericalcarine cortex and the inferior temporal/inferior parietal gyri respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_735]
synonym: "lateral occipital cortex" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_735]
synonym: "lateral occipital gyrus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_735]
synonym: "gyrus occipitalis medius (mai)" EXACT [FMA:61902]
synonym: "gyrus occipitalis secundus" EXACT [FMA:61902]
xref: FMA:61902 ! lateral occipital gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_735 ! Lateral occipital cortex
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001950 ! neocortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002021 ! occipital lobe
xref: SCTID:369218006 ! Entire lateral occipital gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006115
name: posterior column of fornix
synonym: "crus of fornix" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754]
synonym: "posterior column of fornix" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754]
synonym: "posterior crus of fornix" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754]
synonym: "posterior pillar of fornix" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754]
synonym: "crus of fornix" EXACT [FMA:61969]
synonym: "posterior crus of fornix" EXACT [FMA:61969]
synonym: "posterior pillar of fornix" EXACT [FMA:61969]
synonym: "posterior column of fornix of forebrain" EXACT [FMA:61969]
xref: FMA:61969 ! posterior column of fornix of forebrain
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_754 ! Posterior column of fornix
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle
is_a: UBERON:0002780 ! regional part of forebrain
synonym: "crus fornicis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:61969]
xref: SCTID:369116002 ! Entire crus of fornix

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006116
name: vagal nerve fiber bundle
synonym: "central part of vagus nerve" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765]
synonym: "tenth cranial nerve fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765]
synonym: "vagal nerve fiber bundle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765]
synonym: "vagal nerve fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765]
synonym: "central part of vagus nerve" EXACT [FMA:72628]
synonym: "tenth cranial nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72628]
synonym: "vagal nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72628]
synonym: "vagal nerve tract" EXACT [FMA:72628]
xref: FMA:72628 ! vagal nerve tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_765 ! Vagal nerve fiber bundle
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006117
name: accessory nerve fiber bundle
synonym: "accessory nerve fiber bundle" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_916]
synonym: "accessory nerve fibers" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_916]
synonym: "accessory nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72626]
synonym: "eleventh cranial nerve fibers" EXACT [FMA:72626]
synonym: "accessory nerve tract" EXACT [FMA:72626]
xref: FMA:72626 ! accessory nerve tract
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_916 ! Accessory nerve fiber bundle
is_a: UBERON:0000122 ! nerve fiber bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006118
name: lamina I of gray matter of spinal cord
synonym: "lamina marginalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203]
synonym: "layer of Waldeyer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203]
synonym: "rexed lamina I" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203]
synonym: "rexed layer 1" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203]
synonym: "spinal lamina I" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203]
synonym: "lamina i of gray matter of spinal cord" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203]
synonym: "lamina marginalis" EXACT [FMA:68862]
synonym: "layer of waldeyer" EXACT [FMA:68862]
synonym: "rexed lamina i" EXACT [FMA:68862]
synonym: "spinal lamina i" EXACT [FMA:68862]
xref: FMA:68862 ! lamina i of gray matter of spinal cord
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_100203 ! Lamina I of gray matter of spinal cord
is_a: UBERON:0001948 ! regional part of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002256 ! dorsal horn of spinal cord
synonym: "lamina spinalis i" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:68862]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011214
name: nucleus of midbrain tectum
synonym: "nucleus of tectum" EXACT [FMA:258766]
synonym: "tectal nucleus" BROAD []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002314 ! midbrain tectum
xref: FMA:258766 ! nucleus of tectum
def: "A neural nucleus that is part of a midbrain tectum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006119
name: subbrachial nucleus
comment: Candidate definition (refers specifically to mouse): "A group of cells ventral to the nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus in the mouse (Paxinos-2001)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005003]
synonym: "subbrachial nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005003]
synonym: "tegmental area of tsai" EXACT [FMA:77494]
xref: FMA:77494 ! subbrachial nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1005003 ! Subbrachial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0011214 {source="FMA"} ! nucleus of midbrain tectum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006121
name: hemispheric lobule VIII
synonym: "Biventer 1 (HVIII)" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211]
synonym: "Biventral Lobule" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211]
synonym: "Lobulus Biventer" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211]
synonym: "Paraflocculus Dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211]
synonym: "hemispheric lobule viii" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211]
synonym: "biventral lobule" EXACT [FMA:72526]
synonym: "biventral lobule [h viii]" EXACT [FMA:72526]
synonym: "cuneiform lobe" EXACT [FMA:72526]
synonym: "dorsal parafloccularis [h viii b]" EXACT [FMA:72526]
synonym: "dorsal paraflocculus" EXACT [FMA:72526]
synonym: "biventer lobule" EXACT [FMA:72526]
xref: FMA:72526 ! biventer lobule
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20081211 ! Hemispheric Lobule VIII
is_a: UBERON:0004003 ! cerebellum hemisphere lobule
synonym: "lobulus parafloccularis dorsalis [h viii b]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72526]
synonym: "lobulus biventer [h viii]" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:72526]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006123
name: horizontal limb of the diagonal band
synonym: "Diagonal band horizontal limb" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303]
synonym: "Horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303]
synonym: "hDBB" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303]
synonym: "horizontal limb of the diagonal band" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303]
synonym: "horizontal limb of diagonal band" EXACT [FMA:77611]
xref: FMA:77611 ! horizontal limb of diagonal band
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090303 ! Horizontal limb of the diagonal band
is_a: UBERON:0006125 ! subdivision of diagonal band

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006124
name: vertical limb of the diagonal band
synonym: "Vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090304]
synonym: "vertical limb of the diagonal band" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090304]
synonym: "vertical limb of diagonal band" EXACT [FMA:77612]
xref: FMA:77612 ! vertical limb of diagonal band
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090304 ! Vertical limb of the diagonal band
is_a: UBERON:0006125 ! subdivision of diagonal band

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006125 ! subdivision of diagonal band
name: subdivision of diagonal band
synonym: "diagonal band subdivision" EXACT [FMA:77610]
synonym: "regional part of diagonal band" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090302]
xref: FMA:77610 ! subdivision of diagonal band 
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090302 ! Regional part of diagonal band
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
subset: non_informative

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006171 ! renal sinus
name: renal sinus
xref:  FMA:15611 ! renal sinus
is_a: UBERON:0002558 ! organ cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: SCTID:362222000 ! Entire renal sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006172
name: rectal diverticulum
def: "The rectal diverticulum is an outgrowth of the cloaca and links the pronephric kidney to the exterior" [GO:0039009]
xref: XAO:0001015 ! rectal diverticulum
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000163 ! embryonic cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006174
name: pronephric sinus
def: "The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules" [GO:0039012]
comment: todo - check relationship to renal sinus, improve definition
xref: XAO:0000385 ! pronephric sinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0006171 ! renal sinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: AAO:0011092 ! pronephric sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006196
name: mesonephric sinus
comment: todo - check relationship to renal sinus, add definition
xref: XAO:0000381 ! mesonephric sinus
intersection_of: UBERON:0006171 ! renal sinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
xref: AAO:0011063 ! mesonephric sinus
def: "A renal sinus that is part of a mesonephros." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006175
name: pronephric distal tubule
def: "A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros" [GO:0039013]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004135 ! distal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
is_a: UBERON:0005310 ! pronephric nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005309 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006182
name: mesonephric glomerular mesangium
def: "The mesonephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the mesonephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus" [GO:0061247]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002320 ! glomerular mesangium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005326 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric glomerulus vasculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006183
name: mesonephric glomerular capillary
def: "." [GO:0061249]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004212 ! glomerular capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005325 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006189
name: mesonephric connecting tubule
def: "The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros" [GO:0061272]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005097 ! connecting tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006190
name: mesonephric distal tubule
def: "The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule" [GO:0061273]
comment: note that ZFA has terms for developing tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0004135 ! distal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006192
name: mesonephric proximal tubule
def: "The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule" [GO:0061275]
comment: note that ZFA has terms for developing tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0004134 ! proximal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000080 ! mesonephros
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005322 {source="reference_0000032"} ! mesonephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006194
name: renal sinus of right kidney
synonym: "right renal sinus" EXACT [FMA:17621]
xref: FMA:17621 ! renal sinus of right kidney
intersection_of: UBERON:0006171 ! renal sinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004539 ! right kidney
def: "A renal sinus that is part of a right kidney." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006195
name: renal sinus of left kidney
synonym: "left renal sinus" EXACT [FMA:17622]
xref: FMA:17622 ! renal sinus of left kidney
intersection_of: UBERON:0006171 ! renal sinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004538 ! left kidney
def: "A renal sinus that is part of a left kidney." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006198
name: dorsal intercostal artery
def: "The highest intercostal artery (supreme intercostal artery, superior intercostal artery) is an artery in the human body that usually gives rise to the first and second posterior intercostal arteries, which supply blood to their corresponding intercostal space. It usually arises from the costocervical trunk, which is a branch of the subclavian artery." [Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery]
comment: classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms
synonym: "superior intercostal artery" EXACT [FMA:76998, Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery]
synonym: "supreme intercostal artery" EXACT [FMA:76998, Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery]
synonym: "dorsal branch of superior intercostal artery" RELATED [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?dorsal+branch+of+the+superior+intercostal+artery]
xref: FMA:76998 ! Supreme intercostal artery
xref: MA:0001943 ! dorsal intercostal artery
is_a: UBERON:0005612 ! intercostal artery
xref: SCTID:198427009 ! Entire superior intercostal artery
synonym: "arteria intercostalis suprema" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray530.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006200
name: caudal humeral circumflex vein
comment: classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms
synonym: "posterior circumflex humeral vein" EXACT [FMA:71216]
synonym: "posterior humeral circumflex vein" EXACT [FMA:71216]
xref: FMA:71216 ! Posterior humeral circumflex vein
xref: MA:0002091 ! caudal humeral circumflex vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001587 {source="FMA/obol"} ! subclavian vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0000985 {source="FMA/obol"} ! axillary vein
synonym: "vena circumflexa humeri posterior" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:71216]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006201
name: dorsal cerebral vein
comment: classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms
synonym: "superior cerebral vein" EXACT [FMA:50978]
xref: FMA:50978 ! Superior cerebral vein
xref: MA:0002103 ! dorsal cerebral vein
is_a: UBERON:0001663 ! cerebral vein
xref: SCTID:244393005 ! Entire superior cerebral vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006208
name: auditory hillocks
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17280 ! auditory hillocks
xref: EHDAA2:0000155 ! auditory hillocks
xref: VHOG:0001364 ! auditory hillocks
xref: EHDAA:4685 ! auditory hillocks
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 ! external ear
synonym: "auditory tubercles" RELATED INCONSISTENT [VHOG:0001364]
synonym: "auricular hillock" RELATED []
property_value: homology_notes "Mammals have a third type of tympanic ear. An external flap, the auricle or pinna, helps funnel sound waves down the external acoustic meatus to the tympanic membrane.[inferred][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001364", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.420", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006209 ! basioccipital cartilage condensation
name: basioccipital cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18337 ! basioccipital cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000164 ! basioccipital cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001124 ! basioccipital cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:7141 ! basioccipital cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001692 ! basioccipital bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009197 {source="EHDAA2"} ! basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006210
name: body-wall mesenchyme
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16893 ! body-wall mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000179 ! body-wall mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:3217 ! body-wall mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006211
name: buccopharyngeal membrane
def: "The region where the crescentic masses of the ectoderm and endoderm come into direct contact with each other constitutes a thin membrane, the buccopharyngeal membrane (or oropharyngeal membrane), which forms a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx. In front of the buccopharyngeal area, where the lateral crescents of mesoderm fuse in the middle line, the pericardium is afterward developed, and this region is therefore designated the pericardial area." [Wikipedia:Buccopharyngeal_membrane]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "oropharyngeal membrane" RELATED [Wikipedia:Buccopharyngeal_membrane]
xref: EMAPA:16259 ! buccopharyngeal membrane
xref: EHDAA2:0000189 ! buccopharyngeal membrane
xref: VHOG:0000380 ! buccopharyngeal membrane
xref: EHDAA:536 ! buccopharyngeal membrane
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006264 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mouth-foregut junction
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0000930 ! stomodeum
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
xref: SCTID:361412007 ! Buccopharyngeal membrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Gray977.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009210 ! pharyngeal membrane
name: pharyngeal membrane
def: "a thin fold of ectoderm and endoderm that separates the pharyngeal pouches from the branchial clefts in a developing embryo." [http://musom.marshall.edu/anatomy/grosshom/z_devbranc.html]
synonym: "pharyngeal membrane" EXACT []
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Membrane ! Pharyngeal Membrane
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005879 ! pharyngeal cleft
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0004117 ! pharyngeal pouch
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm
xref: UMLS:C1519040

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009213 ! 1st pharyngeal membrane
name: pharyngeal membrane of 1st arch
def: "separates the first pharyngeal groove from the first pharyngeal pouch." [ISBN10:1416037055]
synonym: "future tympanic membrane" EXACT [EMAPA:17281]
synonym: "tympanic membrane primordium" EXACT [ISBN10:1416037055]
synonym: "1st branchial membrane" EXACT [EMAPA:16992]
comment: check EMAPA - 3 terms appear to match. We follow EMAPA in making each membrane part of the arch with the same number, though in fact it is between these arches
is_a: UBERON:0009210 ! pharyngeal membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004362 {source="EMAPA"} ! pharyngeal arch 1
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005872 ! 1st arch pharyngeal cleft
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0007122 ! pharyngeal pouch 1
xref: EMAPA:17281 ! future tympanic membrane
xref: EMAPA:16992 ! 1st branchial membrane
xref: EHDAA:3788 ! 1st branchial membrane
xref: EMAPA:16121 ! branchial membrane of 1st arch
xref: VHOG:0001427 ! 1st pharyngeal membrane
synonym: "1st pharyngeal membrane" EXACT [VHOG:0001427]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the endodermal epithelium lining each pouch contacts the surface ectoderm of the clefts to form a series of bilayered branchial membranes, that break down in fish to form the gill openings.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001427", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0124020603 Kaufman MH\, Bard JBL\, The anatomical basis of mouse development (1999) p.72", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009215
name: pharyngeal membrane of 2nd arch
is_a: UBERON:0009210 ! pharyngeal membrane
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005873 ! 2nd arch pharyngeal cleft
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0007123 ! pharyngeal pouch 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003066 {source="EMAPA"} ! pharyngeal arch 2
xref: EMAPA:16273 ! branchial membrane of 2nd arch
xref: VHOG:0000877 ! 2nd pharyngeal membrane
synonym: "2nd pharyngeal membrane" EXACT [VHOG:0000877]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the endodermal epithelium lining each pouch contacts the surface ectoderm of the clefts to form a series of bilayered branchial membranes, that break down in fish to form the gill openings.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000877", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0124020603 Kaufman MH and Bard JBL\, The anatomical basis of mouse development (1999) p.72", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009216
name: pharyngeal membrane of 3rd arch
is_a: UBERON:0009210 ! pharyngeal membrane
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005874 ! 3rd arch pharyngeal cleft
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0007124 ! pharyngeal pouch 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003114 {source="EMAPA"} ! pharyngeal arch 3
xref: EMAPA:16583 ! branchial membrane of 3rd arch
xref: VHOG:0000876 ! 3rd pharyngeal membrane
synonym: "3rd pharyngeal membrane" EXACT [VHOG:0000876]
property_value: homology_notes "In all vertebrates, the endodermal epithelium lining each pouch contacts the surface ectoderm of the clefts to form a series of bilayered branchial membranes, that break down in fish to form the gill openings.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000876", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0124020603 Kaufman MH and Bard JBL\, The anatomical basis of mouse development (1999) p.72", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009217
name: pharyngeal membrane of 4th arch
is_a: UBERON:0009210 ! pharyngeal membrane
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005875 ! 4th arch pharyngeal cleft
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0007125 ! pharyngeal pouch 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003115 {source="EMAPA"} ! pharyngeal arch 4
xref: EMAPA:16763 ! branchial membrane of 4th arch
synonym: "4th pharyngeal membrane" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006212
name: bulbo-ventricular groove
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "bulbo-ventricular sulcus" EXACT [EMAPA:16693]
synonym: "ependymal groove" EXACT [EMAPA:16693]
synonym: "ependymal sulcus" EXACT [EMAPA:16693]
xref: EMAPA:16693 ! bulboventricular groove
xref: EHDAA2:0000195 ! bulbo-ventricular groove
xref: EHDAA:766 ! bulbo-ventricular groove
xref: VHOG:0001405 ! bulboventricular groove
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
synonym: "bulboventricular groove" EXACT [VHOG:0001405]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006213 ! carpus cartilage condensation
name: carpus cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18102 ! carpus cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000221 ! carpus cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001123 ! carpus cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:8544 ! carpus cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006214 ! carpus pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a carpal bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006214
name: carpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:17724 ! carpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000222 ! carpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000955 ! carpus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:6324 ! carpus pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009523 ! mesenchyme of handplate
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003319 ! mesenchyme of carpal region
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a carpal bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010540
name: tarsus pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866  ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003328 ! mesenchyme of footplate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010695 ! mesenchyme of tarsal region
xref: EHDAA2:0001978 ! tarsus pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tarsal bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010541 ! tarsus cartilage condensation
name: tarsus cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863  ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003328 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of footplate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010540 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tarsus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001977 ! tarsus cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a tarsal bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013163
name: future cerebellum
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010092 {source="EHDAA2"} ! future metencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: develops_into  UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum
synonym: "cerebellum primordium" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000231]
xref: EHDAA2:0000231 ! cerebellum primordium
xref: EMAPA:17074 ! cerebellum primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006215
name: rhombic lip
def: "Rhombic lips are a posterior section of the developing metencephalon within an embryo. They extend posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cells and contain cerebellar precursor cells, among others" [Wikipedia:Rhombic_lips]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon" RELATED [EMAPA:17074]
synonym: "cerebellum primordium" RELATED [EMAPA:17074]
xref: ZFA:0001440 ! rhombic lip
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002028 {source="ZFA"} ! hindbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010092 {source="Wikipedia"} ! future metencephalon
xref: XAO:0004135 ! rhombic lip
xref: TAO:0001440 ! rhombic lip
property_value: external_definition "The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roofplate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001440", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009840
name: lower rhombic lip
def: "Posterior portion of the rhombic lip contained within rhombomeres 2-8.  Gives rise to several brainstem nuclei and choroid plexus." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "caudal rhombic lip" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
xref: TAO:0001441 ! lower rhombic lip
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="ZFA"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005519 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombomere 6
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005527 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombomere 8
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005569 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombomere 2
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005515 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombomere 5
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005507 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombomere 3
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005523 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombomere 7
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005511 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombomere 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006215 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombic lip
xref: ZFA:0001441 ! lower rhombic lip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009841 ! upper rhombic lip
name: upper rhombic lip
def: "Anterior-most region of dorsal hindbrain within rhombomere 1, adjacent the midbrain-hindbrain boundary." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "rostral rhombic lip" EXACT  [DHB:URL]
synonym: "cerebellar anlage" EXACT  [ZFA:0001442]
synonym: "presumptive cerebellum" EXACT  [ZFA:0001442]
xref: TAO:0001442 ! upper rhombic lip
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="ZFA"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005499 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombomere 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006215 {source="ZFA"} ! rhombic lip
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003052 {source="ZFA-def"} ! midbrain-hindbrain boundary
xref: ZFA:0001442 ! upper rhombic lip

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006216
name: cervical sinus
def: "a temporary depression caudal to the second pharyngeal arch, containing the succeeding pharyngeal arches; it is overgrown by the second pharyngeal arch and closes off as the cervical vesicle[TFD]." [Wikipedia:Cervical_sinus, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cervical+sinus]
comment: This sinus is bounded in front by the hyoid arch, and behind by the thoracic wall; it is ultimately obliterated by the fusion of its walls.
synonym: "sinus cervicalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cervical_sinus]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17526 ! cervical sinus of skin of integumental system
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000239 ! cervical sinus
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008814 ! pharyngeal system
xref: EHDAA2:0000078 ! cervical sinus
xref: EHDAA:5105 ! cervical sinus
xref: EHDAA:6534 ! cervical sinus
synonym: "sinus cervicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cervical_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Kiemenbogen.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006218
name: common atrial chamber
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16225 ! common atrial chamber of primitive heart tube
xref: EMAPA:16342 ! common atrial chamber of heart
xref: EMAPA:16689 ! common atrial chamber of atrium
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000268 ! common atrial chamber
xref: EHDAA:1267 ! common atrial chamber of atrium
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002081 ! cardiac atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006219
name: deltoid pre-muscle mass
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17749 ! deltoid pre-muscle mass
xref: EHDAA2:0000340 ! deltoid pre-muscle mass
xref: EHDAA:6002 ! deltoid pre-muscle mass
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010963 {source="EHDAA2"} ! trunk and cervical myotome group

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006222
name: future diencephalon
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: EMAPA:16514 ! future diencephalon
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000386 ! future diencephalon
xref: ZFA:0000574 ! presumptive diencephalon
xref: EHDAA:844 ! future diencephalon
xref: EFO:0003442 ! presumptive diencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0000600 ! future diencephalon
xref: TAO:0000574 ! presumptive diencephalon
synonym: "presumptive diencephalon" EXACT [TAO:0000574]
def: "A multi-tissue structure that develops_into a diencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010288 ! future medulla oblongata
name: future medulla oblongata
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001896 ! medulla oblongata
xref: EHDAA2:0001088 ! medulla oblongata (also: UBERON:0001896 'medulla oblongata')
def: "A multi-tissue structure that develops_into a medulla oblongata." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006223
name: dorsal meso-oesophagus
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16704 ! dorsal meso-oesophagus of mesentery of oesophageal region
xref: EMAPA:16837 ! dorsal meso-oesophagus of mesentery of oesophagus of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18865 ! dorsal meso-oesophagus of mesentery of oesophagus of gut
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000412 ! dorsal meso-oesophagus
xref: MA:0001570 ! dorsal meso-esophagus
xref: EHDAA:2945 ! dorsal meso-oesophagus
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003283 ! mesentery of oesophagus
synonym: "dorsal meso-esophagus" EXACT [MA:0001570]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006224
name: elbow joint primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17710 ! elbow joint primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0000431 ! elbow joint primordium
xref: EHDAA:8483 ! elbow joint primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003318 ! mesenchyme of elbow
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001490 ! elbow joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006226
name: endolymphatic appendage
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16994 ! endolymphatic appendage of otocyst
xref: EMAPA:17283 ! endolymphatic appendage of inner ear
xref: EHDAA2:0000437 ! endolymphatic appendage
xref: VHOG:0000373 ! endolymphatic appendage
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
property_value: external_definition "An outgrowth of the otic vesicle that forms the endolymphatic duct and sac during embryonic development. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000373", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endolymphatic+appendage", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010752 ! exoccipital cartilage condensation
name: exoccipital cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EMAPA"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006228 ! exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001693 ! exoccipital bone
xref: EMAPA:18339 ! exoccipital cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006228 ! exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
name: exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18014 ! exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000457 ! exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000963 ! exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:8355 ! exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001693 ! exoccipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006231
name: facial bone primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
comment: Editor notes: check this for developmental relationships
synonym: "facial bones primordia" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000488]
synonym: "facial skeleton primordium" RELATED []
synonym: "viscerocranium primordium" RELATED []
xref: EMAPA:18024 ! facial bones primordia
xref: EHDAA2:0000488 ! facial bones primordia
xref: EHDAA:9552 ! facial bones primordia
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0007842 {source="EHDAA2"} ! membrane bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 {source="EHDAA2"} ! facial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010129 ! femur cartilage condensation
name: femur cartilage condensation
comment: TODO - request EHDAA2
synonym: "femoral cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:17742]
xref: EMAPA:17742 ! femur cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006234 ! femur pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005254 {source="EMAPA"} ! upper leg mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006234
name: femur pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17502 ! femur pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000508 ! femur pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000951 ! femur pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006235
name: foregut-midgut junction
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16363 ! foregut-midgut junction
xref: EHDAA2:0000569 ! foregut-midgut junction
xref: VHOG:0000291 ! foregut-midgut junction
xref: EHDAA:526 ! foregut-midgut junction
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000291", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a foregut and adjacent_to a midgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013158
name: foregut-midgut junction gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006235  ! foregut-midgut junction
xref: EHDAA2:0000574 ! foregut-midgut junction gland
xref: EMAPA:17065 ! gland of foregut-midgut junction
synonym: "gland of foregut-midgut junction" EXACT [EMAPA:17065]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006236
name: frontal bone primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18017 ! frontal bone primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0000577 ! frontal bone primordium
xref: EHDAA:9540 ! frontal bone primordium
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006239
name: future central tendon
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:25035 ! future central tendon
xref: EHDAA2:0000593 ! future central tendon
xref: EHDAA:4118 ! future central tendon
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
intersection_of: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0006670 ! central tendon
def: "A tendon that develops_into a central tendon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006241 ! future spinal cord
name: future spinal cord
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: EMAPA:16092 ! future spinal cord of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16525 ! future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: EMAPA:16755 ! future spinal cord of central nervous system of nervous system of tail of embryo
xref: EHDAA2:0000674 ! future spinal cord
xref: ZFA:0000417 ! presumptive spinal cord
xref: EHDAA:898 ! future spinal cord of central nervous system
xref: EFO:0003438 ! presumptive spinal cord
synonym: "presumptive spinal cord" EXACT [ZFA:0000417]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001017 ! central nervous system
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001049 {source="EHDAA2"} ! neural tube
xref: TAO:0000417 ! presumptive spinal cord
synonym: "presumptive spinal cord neural keel" EXACT [TAO:0000417]
synonym: "presumptive spinal cord neural plate" EXACT [TAO:0000417]
synonym: "presumptive spinal cord neural rod" EXACT [TAO:0000417]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006242
name: gall bladder primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16713 ! gall bladder primordium of biliary bud
xref: EMAPA:16842 ! gall bladder primordium of liver and biliary system
xref: EHDAA2:0000700 ! gall bladder primordium
xref: EHDAA:3047 ! gall bladder primordium
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002423 ! hepatobiliary system
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002110 ! gallbladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004912 ! biliary bud
xref: XAO:0004205 ! gall bladder primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006243
name: glossopharyngeal IX preganglion
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16661 ! glossopharyngeal IX preganglion
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000713 ! glossopharyngeal IX preganglion
xref: EHDAA:1479 ! glossopharyngeal IX preganglion
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001714 ! cranial ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006244 ! hip joint primordium
name: hip joint primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17739 ! hip joint primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0000785 ! hip joint primordium
xref: EHDAA:8462 ! hip joint primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003320 ! mesenchyme of hip
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001486 ! hip joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006245
name: humerus cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17713 ! humerus cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000787 ! humerus cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001120 ! humerus cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:6240 ! humerus cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006246 {source="EHDAA2"} ! humerus pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! upper arm mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="EHDAA2"} ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006246
name: humerus pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17427 ! humerus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000788 ! humerus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000950 ! humerus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:4192 ! humerus pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005258 {source="EHDAA2"} ! upper arm mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="EHDAA2"} ! forelimb skeleton
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006247
name: iliac pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18029 ! iliac pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000809 ! iliac pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:9568 ! iliac cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000964 ! iliac pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006210 {source="EHDAA2"} ! body-wall mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010714 ! iliac cartilage condensation
name: iliac cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006247 {source="EHDAA2"} ! iliac cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0000808 ! iliac cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18347 ! iliac cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001126 ! iliac cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010718 ! pubic cartilage condensation
name: pubic cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006285 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pubic cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0001573 ! pubic cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006285
name: pubic pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:26928 ! pubic cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18349 ! pubic pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001574 ! pubic pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:9572 ! pubic cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
xref: EHDAA2:0001574 ! pubic pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000965 ! pubic pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006262 ! malleus pre-cartilage condensation
name: malleus pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17826 ! malleus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001055 ! malleus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000958 ! malleus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:9026 ! malleus pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003107 {source="EHDAA2"} ! Meckel's cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010054 ! malleus cartilage condensation
name: malleus cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006262 ! malleus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18229 ! malleus cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006294
name: stapes pre-cartilage condensation
comment: independent of the mesenchymal condensation that will form the otic capsule
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "stapedial anlage" EXACT [doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x]
xref: EMAPA:17827 ! stapes pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001910 ! stapes pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000956 ! stapes pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:5699 ! stapes pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005689 {source="EHDAA2", notes="cranial end", source="doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x"} ! 2nd arch mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001686 {source="EHDAA2"} ! auditory ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010055 ! stapes cartilage condensation
name: stapes cartilage condensation
comment: Editor notes: TODO - check relationship to Recihert's. Taxon notes: The stapes is homologous to the hyomandibula. In this ontology, we use the class 'hyomandibular cartilage' generally to include the future stapes, the future hyomandibular bone of teleosts and the unossified cartilage in sharks.
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
is_a: UBERON:0011607 {source="http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/342notes4.htm"} ! hyomandibular cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006294 ! stapes pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
xref: EMAPA:18230 ! stapes cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006248 ! incus pre-cartilage condensation
name: incus pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17825 ! incus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000813 ! incus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000957 ! incus pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:9024 ! incus pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010042 {source="EHDAA2-generalized"} ! 1st arch mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007374 ! incus cartilage condensation
name: incus cartilage condensation
xref: EMAPA:18228 ! incus cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilagenous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006248 ! incus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006251
name: interparietal bone primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18018 ! inter-parietal bone primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0000881 ! interparietal bone primordium
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002229 ! interparietal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006253
name: embryonic intraretinal space
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "retina intraretinal space" EXACT [VHOG:0000534]
synonym: "intraretinal space" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000889]
synonym: "intraretinal space of retina" EXACT [EMAPA:17170]
xref: EMAPA:16676 ! intraretinal space of optic cup
xref: EMAPA:17170 ! intraretinal space of retina
xref: EHDAA2:0000889 ! intraretinal space
xref: VHOG:0000534 ! retina intraretinal space
xref: EHDAA:4761 ! intraretinal space of retina
is_a: UBERON:0012467 {source="EHDAA2"} ! enclosed anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000966 ! retina
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
property_value: external_definition "The space separating the outer pigment epithelium and the inner neural retina of the optic cup and of the retina. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000534", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intraretinal+space", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000534", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006254
name: ischial cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:26930 ! ischial cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000890 ! ischial cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:9570 ! ischial cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006255 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ischial pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006255 ! ischial pre-cartilage condensation
name: ischial pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18348 ! ischial pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000891 ! ischial pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000962 ! ischial pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:7153 ! ischial pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006256
name: knee joint primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17740 ! knee joint primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0000897 ! knee joint primordium
xref: EHDAA:8467 ! knee joint primordium
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003321 ! mesenchyme of knee
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001485 ! knee joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006257
name: laryngotracheal groove
def: "a groove in the floor of the pharynx formed from the ventral diverticulum of endoderm that arises from the floor of the foregut caudal to the pharynx. This structure is the precursor for the larynx and trachea[WP,edited]." [Wikipedia:Laryngotracheal_groove, http://isc.temple.edu/marino/embryology/resp98/respdev.htm]
comment: Editor notes: Note we currently have pharynx as part of the upper respiratory tract - separate by development?
synonym: "laryngo-tracheal tube" RELATED [Wikipedia:Laryngotracheal_groove]
synonym: "laryngo-tracheal groove" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004073]
synonym: "laryngotracheal endoderm" RELATED []
synonym: "sulcus laryngotrachealis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Laryngotracheal_groove]
xref: EMAPA:16739 ! laryngo-tracheal groove
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000909 ! laryngo-tracheal groove
is_a: UBERON:0006846 {source="EHDAA2"} ! groove
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001041 {source="EHDAA2"} ! foregut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001558 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lower respiratory tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: EHDAA2:0004073 ! laryngo-tracheal groove
xref: SCTID:361426003 ! Laryngotracheal groove
xref: VHOG:0001404 ! laryngo-tracheal groove
xref: EHDAA:1005 ! laryngo-tracheal groove
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngotracheal_Tube ! laryngotracheal tube
property_value: homology_notes "Lung development begins with the appearance of the laryngotracheal groove, which is a small diverticulum that arises from the floor of the primitive pharynx at E9 in mouse and 4 wk in human.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001404", ontology="VHOG", source="PMID:15817505 Warburton D\, Bellusci S\, De Langhe S\, Del Moral PM\, Fleury V\, Mailleux A\, Tefft D\, Unbekandt M\, Wang K\, Shi W\, Molecular mechanisms of early lung specification and branching morphogenesis. Pediatric Research (2005)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1283960

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006259
name: lens pit
def: "a pitlike depression in the ectoderm of the lens placode where the primordial lens is developing[TFD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lens+pit]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16799 ! lens pit
xref: EHDAA2:0000981 ! lens pit
xref: VHOG:0000806 ! lens pit
xref: EHDAA:3809 ! lens pit
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000965 ! lens
xref: ncithesaurus:Lens_Pit ! Lens Pit
property_value: external_definition "A pitlike depression in the ectoderm of the lens placode where the primordial lens is developing. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000806", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lens+pit", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1517769

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006260
name: lingual swellings
comment: the collection consisting of the two lateral swellings and the medial swelling
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "lingual swelling" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000996]
xref: EMAPA:17186 ! lingual swelling
xref: EHDAA2:0000996 ! lingual swelling
xref: VHOG:0000449 ! lingual swelling
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0010188 {source="EHDAA2"} ! protuberance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010056 {source="EHDAA2"} ! future tongue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 ! pharyngeal arch 1
property_value: external_definition "Primordium of the tongue; the median swelling and the distal and proximal swellings arise from the ventral aspect of the stomodeum. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000449", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lingual+swellings", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000449", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00073.x Iwasaki S\, Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat (2002)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006756
name: median lingual swelling
def: "During the third week of embryological development there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. The site of their meeting remains post-embryonically as the median sulcus of the tongue. The tuberculum impar is said to form the central part of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum, but Hammar insists that it is purely a transitory structure and forms no part of the adult tongue[WP, Gray's]." [Wikipedia:Tuberculum_impar]
comment: The thyroid initially develops caudal to the tuberculum impar . This embryonic swelling arises from the first pharyngeal arch and occurs midline on the floor of the developing pharynx, eventually helping form the tongue as the 2 lateral lingual swellings overgrow it. [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview]
synonym: "median tongue bud" EXACT [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview]
synonym: "median lingual swelling" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001081]
synonym: "tuberculum impar" EXACT []
synonym: "tuberculum linguale mediale" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tuberculum_impar]
xref: EMAPA:17187 ! median
xref: EHDAA2:0001081 ! median lingual swelling
xref: VHOG:0000730 ! median lingual swelling
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006260 {source="EHDAA2"} ! lingual swellings
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 ! pharyngeal arch 1
xref: SCTID:308821003 ! Entire tuberculum impar
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray979.png
property_value: homology_notes "Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000730", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00073.x", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006757
name: lateral lingual swelling
def: "During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings (or distal tongue bud) which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line." [Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling]
comment: Structure notes: paired
synonym: "lateral swellings" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling]
synonym: "tuberculum laterale" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling]
synonym: "lateral lingual prominence" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA2:0000911 ! lateral lingual swelling
xref: EMAPA:17189 ! lateral of lingual swelling
xref: VHOG:0000731 ! lateral lingual swelling
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006260 ! lingual swellings
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004362 ! pharyngeal arch 1
synonym: "tuberculum linguale laterale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_lingual_swelling]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray979.png
property_value: homology_notes "Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000731", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00073.x Iwasaki S\, Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat (2002)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010056
name: future tongue
is_a: UBERON:0003103 {source="EHDAA2"} ! compound organ
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000166 {source="EHDAA2"} ! oral opening
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 {source="EHDAA"} ! chordate pharynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0003103 ! compound organ
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
xref: EHDAA2:0000696 ! future tongue
xref: EHDAA:2951 ! future tongue
def: "A compound organ that develops_into a tongue." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010057
name: hypopharyngeal eminence
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0010188 {source="EHDAA2"} ! protuberance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010056 {source="EHDAA2"} ! future tongue
xref: EHDAA2:0000799 ! hypopharyngeal eminence
xref: EMAPA:17352 ! hypobranchial eminence
xref: SCTID:361420009 ! Hypobranchial eminence
synonym: "hypobranchial eminence" EXACT [EMAPA:17352, OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010059
name: hypoglossal cord
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010056 {source="EHDAA2"} ! future tongue
xref: EHDAA2:0004610 ! hypoglossal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010034
name: copula linguae
def: "A single midventral prominence deriving from the ventral bases of pharyngeal arches 2, 3 and 4 - provides the covering of the posterior of the tongue  //The furcula is at first separated from the tuberculum impar by a depression, but later by a ridge, the copula, formed by the forward growth and fusion of the ventral ends of the second, third, and part of the fourth branchial arches[WP]." [Wikipedia:Copula_linguae]
comment: add new term for Hypobranchial_eminence?
synonym: "copula" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004611]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0010188 {source="EHDAA2"} ! protuberance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010056 {source="EHDAA2"} ! future tongue
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: EHDAA2:0004611 ! copula
xref: SCTID:361424000 ! Copula
synonym: "copula linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Copula_linguae]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Gray980.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006263
name: Meckel's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
comment: Development notes: NC contributes in EHDAA2. Todo: use EHDAA2 structure
xref: EMAPA:17358 ! Meckel's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001074 ! Meckel's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001121 ! Meckel's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0003107 ! Meckel's cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006905 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mandibular process mesenchyme
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002342 {source="UBERONREF:0000002"} ! neural crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006264
name: mouth-foregut junction
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16258 ! mouth-foregut junction
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001205 ! mouth-foregut junction
xref: VHOG:0000592 ! mouth-foregut junction
xref: EHDAA:534 ! mouth-foregut junction
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001041 ! foregut
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005409 ! gastrointestinal system
def: "An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a mouth and adjacent_to a foregut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006266 ! nasolacrimal groove
name: nasolacrimal groove
def: "Groove between maxillary prominence and lateral nasal process." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_groove, http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/hnanim/face/face.html]
comment:  On the nasal surface of the body of the maxilla, in front of the opening of the sinus is a deep groove, the lacrimal groove (or lacrimal sulcus), which is converted into the nasolacrimal canal, by the lacrimal bone and inferior nasal concha; this canal opens into the inferior meatus of the nose and transmits the nasolacrimal duct[WP] See also: oblique facial cleft
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "naso-lacrimal groove" EXACT [EMAPA:16679]
xref: EMAPA:16679 ! naso-lacrimal groove
xref: EHDAA2:0001238 ! nasolacrimal groove
xref: VHOG:0001307 ! nasolacrimal groove
xref: EHDAA:4770 ! nasolacrimal groove
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0012313 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary ectoderm
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004067 ! lateral nasal prominence
relationship: adjacent_to  UBERON:0005868 ! maxillary prominence
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 {source="EHDAA2"} ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000076 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external ectoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasolacrimal_Groove ! Nasolacrimal Groove
synonym: "s. lacrimalis maxillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_groove]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gray163.png
xref: UMLS:C1513875

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006269
name: optic foramen
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18716 ! optic foramen
xref: EHDAA2:0001312 ! optic foramen
xref: VHOG:0001408 ! optic foramen (also: UBERON:0005745 'optic canal')
xref: EHDAA:10646 ! optic foramen (also: UBERON:0005745 'optic canal')
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
property_value: external_definition "An aperture in the root of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone transmitting the optic nerve. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001408", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+foramen", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006270
name: optic pit
def: "A small indentation in the central part of the optic placode." [VHOG:0001162]
xref: EMAPA:16325 ! optic pit
xref: EMAPA:16199 ! optic sulcus
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001316 ! optic pit
xref: EHDAA2:0004433 ! optic sulcus
xref: VHOG:0001162 ! optic pit
xref: EHDAA:944 ! optic pit
xref: EHDAA:944 ! optic pit
synonym: "optic sulcus" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004433]
synonym: "optic evagination" RELATED  [EMAPA:16199]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
property_value: external_definition "A small indentation in the central part of the optic placode. [157-169, Mueller_F_and_ObRahilly_R, The_first_appearance_of_the_neural_tube_and_optic_primordium_in_the_human_embryo_at_stage_10._Anatomy_and_Embryology_(1985)_172][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001162", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes " (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles (reference 1); The first morphological sign of eye development in vertebrates is the bilateral evagination of diencephalon in the early neurula. In mammals, this is marked by the appearance of the optic pit, whereas in fish and amphibians a bulging of the optic primordia is observed. Continued evagination of the optic primordia leads to the formation of the optic vesicles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001162", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429\, DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.255 Chow RL and Lang RA\, Early eye development in vertebrates. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2001)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006271
name: orbital fissure
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18717 ! orbital fissure
xref: EHDAA2:0001328 ! orbital fissure
xref: EHDAA:10648 ! orbital fissure
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
xref: SCTID:280546005 ! Orbital fissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006272
name: oronasal cavity
def: "In humans, the oronasal membrane ruptures during the seventh week, producing a single, large oronasal cavity" [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter24/custom3/deluxe-content.html]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17200 ! oronasal cavity
xref: EHDAA2:0001331 ! oronasal cavity
xref: VHOG:0001352 ! oronasal cavity
xref: EHDAA:5882 ! oronasal cavity
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000166 ! oral opening
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0009672 ! oronasal membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006273
name: otic pit
def: "The auditory pit, also known as the otic pit, is the first rudiment of the internal ear. It appears shortly after that of the eye, in the form of a patch of thickened ectoderm, the auditory plate, over the region of the hind-brain. The auditory plate becomes depressed and converted into the auditory pit (or otic pit)." [Wikipedia:Otic_pit]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16536 ! otic pit
xref: EHDAA2:0001336 ! otic pit
xref: VHOG:0001147 ! otic pit
xref: EHDAA:929 ! otic pit
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: ncithesaurus:Otic_Pit ! Otic Pit
property_value: external_definition "A depression appearing in each otic placode, marking the beginnning of embryonic development of the internal ear. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001147", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Otic+pit", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1518676

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006274
name: parietal bone primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18019 ! parietal bone primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0001404 ! parietal bone primordium
xref: EHDAA:9544 ! parietal bone primordium
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006275
name: pericardio-peritoneal canal
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16282 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal
xref: EHDAA2:0001440 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal
xref: VHOG:0001498 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal
xref: EHDAA:636 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: located_in UBERON:0002323 ! coelemic cavity lumen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003887 {source="EMAPA"} ! intraembryonic coelom
xref: ncithesaurus:Pericardioperitoneal_Canal ! Pericardioperitoneal Canal
xref: SCTID:361428002 ! Pericardioperitoneal canal
synonym: "pericardio-peritoneal channel" RELATED [VHOG:0001498]
property_value: external_definition "Each of the canal that connects the pericardial cavity with the peritoneal cavity and becomes a pleural cavity. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.42, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001498", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C1283967

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006276
name: perioptic mesenchyme
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17167 ! perioptic mesenchyme
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001444 ! perioptic mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA:4751 ! perioptic mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006277
name: pleuropericardial canals
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17704 ! pleuro-pericardial canal
xref: EHDAA2:0001479 ! pleuropericardial canals
xref: EHDAA:4122 ! pleuropericardial canals
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: VHOG:0001497 ! pleuropericardial canal
synonym: "pleuropericardial canal" EXACT [VHOG:0001497]
synonym: "pleuropericardial channel" RELATED [VHOG:0001497]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006278
name: pleuropericardial folds
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17706 ! pleuro-pericardial folds
xref: EHDAA2:0001480 ! pleuropericardial folds
xref: EHDAA:4126 ! pleuropericardial folds
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: VHOG:0001499 ! pleuropericardial folds
synonym: "pleuropericardial membranes" RELATED [VHOG:0001499]
property_value: external_definition "Each of the folds that grow out from the lateral part of the body wall. They fuse and meet with the dorsal and ventral mesentery of the foregut, separating the pleural cavities from the pericardial cavity. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.43-46, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001499", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001499", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006279
name: pleuroperitoneal canal
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17707 ! pleuro-peritoneal canal of diaphragm
xref: EMAPA:25031 ! pleuro-peritoneal canal of intraembryonic coelom
xref: EHDAA2:0001481 ! pleuroperitoneal canal
xref: EHDAA:4128 ! pleuroperitoneal canal
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: SCTID:361413002 ! Pleuroperitoneal canal
xref: VHOG:0001505 ! pleuroperitoneal canal
synonym: "pleuroperitoneal channel" RELATED [VHOG:0001505]
property_value: external_definition "Each of the canal that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity. [The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.46, see_Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001505", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006281
name: pre-hepatic part
comment: was obsoleted as it had no definition and the name was unclear. May refer to part of inferior vena cava or pre-hepatic portal vein FMA:71904
is_obsolete: true
consider: EMAPA:18422 ! pre-hepatic part
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001492 ! pre-hepatic part
consider: EHDAA:8701 ! pre-hepatic part
consider: FMA:71904 ! pre-hepatic portal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006282
name: primary head vein
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
comment: early vein that gives rise to various sinuses
xref: EMAPA:16242 ! primary head vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001498 ! primary head vein
xref: EHDAA:818 ! primary head vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="EHDAA2"} ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009141 {source="EHDAA2"} ! craniocervical region vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004581 ! systemic venous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006283
name: primitive ventricle of heart
def: "The embryonic ventricle or primitive ventricle of the developing heart gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricles. In contrast, the smooth parts of the left and right ventricles originate from the embryological bulbus cordis. The primitive ventricle becomes divided by a septum, the septum inferius or ventricular septum, which grows upward from the lower part of the ventricle, its position being indicated on the surface of the heart by a furrow. Its dorsal part increases more rapidly than its ventral portion, and fuses with the dorsal part of the septum intermedium. For a time an interventricular foramen exists above its ventral portion, but this foramen is ultimately closed by the fusion of the aortic septum with the ventricular septum." [Wikipedia:Embryonic_ventricle]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "primitive ventricle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001531]
synonym: "future heart ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "early heart ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "embryonic heart ventricle" EXACT []
synonym: "embryonic ventricle" BROAD []
xref: EMAPA:16233 ! primitive ventricle of primitive heart tube
xref: EMAPA:16350 ! primitive ventricle of heart
xref: EHDAA2:0001531 ! primitive ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005498 {source="EMAPA"} ! primitive heart tube
xref: SCTID:361524003 ! Primitive ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009676
name: early telencephalic vesicle
synonym: "early telencephalic ventricle" RELATED []
synonym: "early telencephalic vesicle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001981]
is_a: UBERON:0013150 ! future brain vesicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006284 {source="EHDAA2"} ! prosencephalic vesicle
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001893 {source="EHDAA2"} ! telencephalon
xref: EHDAA2:0001981 ! telencephalic vesicle
xref: EHDAA:1993 ! telencephalic vesicle
xref: EHDAA:2671 ! telencephalic vesicle
xref: EMAPA:16914 ! telencephalic vesicle of telencephalon of forebrain
xref: EFO:0003562 ! telencephalic ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006284
name: early prosencephalic vesicle
def: "future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle" [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EMAPA:16521 ! prosencephalic vesicle
xref: EHDAA2:0001571 ! prosencephalic vesicle
xref: VHOG:0000644 ! prosencephalic vesicle
xref: EHDAA:1356 ! prosencephalic vesicle
xref: SCTID:361480006 ! Forebrain vesicle
xref: ZFA:0001259 ! forebrain ventricle
xref: TAO:0001259 ! forebrain ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0013150 ! future brain vesicle
relationship: located_in UBERON:0006240 {source="EHDAA2"} ! future forebrain
synonym: "prosencephalic vesicle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001571]
synonym: "forebrain ventricle" RELATED [VHOG:0000644]
synonym: "forebrain vesicle" RELATED [VHOG:0000644]
synonym: "prosencephalic ventricle" RELATED [VHOG:0000644]
property_value: homology_notes "The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000644", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF\, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382\, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013147
name: early mesencephalic vesicle
comment: gives rise to midbrain vesicle which gives rise to cerebral aqueduct
is_a: UBERON:0013150 ! future brain vesicle
relationship: located_in UBERON:0009616 {source="EHDAA2"} ! presumptive midbrain
synonym: "mesencephalic vesicle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001102]
xref: EHDAA2:0001102 ! mesencephalic vesicle
xref: EMAPA:16515 ! 3rd ventricle of future diencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013148
name: early midbrain vesicle
comment: develops into cerebral aqueduct
is_a: UBERON:0013150 ! future brain vesicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013147 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesencephalic vesicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001891 {source="EHDAA2"} ! midbrain
synonym: "midbrain vesicle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001103]
xref: EHDAA2:0001103 ! midbrain vesicle
xref: SCTID:361481005 ! Midbrain vesicle
xref: EMAPA:16642 ! 3rd ventricle of diencephalon of future forebrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009131
name: obsolete midbrain vesicle
comment: Obsoleted as the meaning of the class was unclear in earlier versions of EHDAA2
is_obsolete: true
consider: SCTID:361481005 ! Midbrain vesicle
consider: EHDAA2:0001103 ! midbrain vesicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013149
name: hindbrain vesicle
comment: gives rise of 4th ventricle
synonym: "rhombencephalic vesicle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000101]
is_a: UBERON:0013150 ! future brain vesicle
relationship: located_in UBERON:0007277 {source="EHDAA2"} ! presumptive hindbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000101 ! rhombencephalic vesicle
xref: SCTID:361482003 ! Hindbrain vesicle
xref: EMAPA:16479 ! 4th ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013150
name: future brain vesicle
comment: todo - resolve space vs structure inconsistency; consider adding all secondary vesicles (e.g. diencephalic; my/metencephalic. See http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_4.html). Note that some sources may treat the term vesicle as the progenitor of the whole brain region; for example 'The retina develops directly from the neural tube as an outpouching from the diencephalic vesicle'
synonym: "brain vesicle" RELATED  []
synonym: "primitive brain vesicle" EXACT  []
synonym: "early brain vesicle" EXACT  []
synonym: "primary brain vesicle" NARROW  []
synonym: "secondary brain vesicle" NARROW  []
xref: SCTID:360409004 ! Primitive brain vesicle
is_a: UBERON:0010064 {source="EHDAA2"} ! open anatomical space
relationship: located_in UBERON:0006238 ! future brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005281 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ventricular system of central nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004753
name: scapulocoracoid
def: "Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]." [VSAO:0005002, Wikipedia:Scapulocoracoid]
comment: AO notes: ZFA defines as precursor to scapula and coracoid. Cartilage in TAO. Editor notes: todo - decide whether to create separate classes for cartilage & ossified. Wikipedia considers this absent in Therians, but if considered as a grouping of scapula and coracoid then it would be present
synonym: "coraco-scapular cartilage" NARROW [ZFA:0001455]
synonym: "scapulocoracoideum" EXACT  [VSAO:0005002]
xref: AAO:0000781 ! scapulocoracoid
xref: ZFA:0001455 ! scapulocoracoid
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="VSAO"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
xref: TAO:0001455 ! scapulocoracoid cartilage
xref: VSAO:0005002 ! scapulocoracoid
property_value: external_definition "either a fusion of the scapula and coracoid (the two main bones of the shoulder girdle), or the scapula & coracoid considered as a single structural unit.[Palaeos]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-10", source="http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryS.html"}
property_value: external_definition "Fused, ossified portions of the scapula, procoracoid, and coracoid.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000781", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of scapular area (AAO:0000935)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000781", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Pectoral fin cartilage that consists of a paired cartilaginous plate of the embryonic primary pectoral girdle and from which the scapular and coracaoid bones ossify.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001455", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:GA_TG", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "scapulocoracoid cartilage" NARROW [TAO:0001455]
synonym: "scapulo-coracoid cartilage" NARROW [TAO:0001455]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
name: scapula
def: "Endochondral bone that is dorsoventrally compressed and provides attachment site for muscles of the pectoral appendage." [VSAO:0000157]
comment: Usage notes: this class subsumes the scapula of teleosts and tetrapods - note we create a specific subclasses for pectoral limb scapula and pectoral fin scapula
synonym: "scapulae" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0000583]
synonym: "scapula bone" RELATED [BTO:0001218]
xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.783 ! scapula
xref: VHOG:0001398 ! scapula (also: UBERON:0001124 'pectoral limb scapula')
xref: VSAO:0000157 ! scapula
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="TAO"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="ZFA-abduced"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0007272 ! pectoral appendage skeleton
property_value: has_relational_adjective "scapular" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010904
name: pectoral fin scapula
def: "Endochondral bone that is located medial to the cleithrum, and articulates ventrally with the coracoid, medially with the mesocoracoid when the later is present and posteriorly with the upper one to three proximal radials. The scapula develops from the scapulocoracoid cartilage and belongs to the primary pectoral girdle. It may be perforated by the scapular foramen or it may be notched ventrally and forms together with a similar notch of the coracoid the scapulocoracoid foramen." [TAO:0000583]
comment: Alternate definition: A scapula that is connected to a pectoral fin
synonym: "teleost scapula" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004753 {source="ZFA"} ! scapulocoracoid
xref: TAO:0000583 ! scapula
xref: ZFA:0000583 ! scapula
synonym: "scapulas" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000583]
synonym: "hypercoracocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000583]
synonym: "hypercoracocïdeum@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000583]
synonym: "scapula@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000583]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001124
name: pectoral limb scapula
def: "In human anatomy, the scapula, omo (Medical Latin), or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). The scapula forms the posterior (back) located part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scapula]
comment: Alternate definition: A scapula that is connected to a pectoral limb. Taxon notes: present in all tetrapods with even vestiges of anterior limbs, e.g., turtles & birds & mammals. Development notes: chick scapula is of dual origin and segmentally organized[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tetrapod scapula" RELATED []
synonym: "shoulder blade" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000751 ! scapula
xref: BTO:0001218
xref: FMA:13394 ! Scapula
xref: GAID:186 ! scapula
xref: VHOG:0001398 ! scapula (also: UBERON:0006849 'scapula')
xref: MA:0001330 ! scapula
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVji0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Scapula ! Scapula
xref: EFO:0001400 ! scapula
xref: galen:Scapula ! scapula
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVji0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! shoulder blade
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdles-en.svg.png
xref: EMAPA:18722 ! scapula
xref: SCTID:302517007 ! Entire scapula
is_a: UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001467 {source="FMA"} ! shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006290 {evidence="definitional"} ! scapula cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg
property_value: external_definition "Paired bony elements of endochondral origin. They are situated at the level of the jaw articulation, in a vertical position, with the suprascapular margin being dorsal and the glenoid end being ventral.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000751", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: has pars glenoidalis of scapula (AAO:0000753)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000751", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of scapular area (AAO:0000935)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000751", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0036277

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006290
name: scapula cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18343 ! scapula cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001777 ! scapula cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0001125 ! scapula cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:8368 ! scapula cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006291 {source="EHDAA2"} ! scapula pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0006849 ! scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006291 ! scapula pre-cartilage condensation
name: scapula pre-cartilage condensation
comment: Development notes: the scapula has been shown to develop from multiple tissues, such as the dermomyotome of the somites, the mesodermal portion of the soma- topleure (a domain of the lateral plate mesoderm or LPM) and neural crest cell-derived mesenchyme (Huang et al., 2000; Matsuoka et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2005).[PMID:21455939]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18027 ! scapula pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001778 ! scapula pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000960 ! scapula pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:6041 ! scapula pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006210 {source="EHDAA2"} ! body-wall mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0006849 ! scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006292
name: shoulder joint primordium
comment: Note that this is part of the forelimb skeleton in EHDAA2, but this violates part-disjointness
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17712 ! shoulder joint primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0001836 ! shoulder joint primordium
xref: EHDAA:8493 ! shoulder joint primordium
is_a: UBERON:0005856 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchymal condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003322 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of shoulder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003322 ! mesenchyme of shoulder
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001470 ! glenohumeral joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006295 ! sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
name: sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:18345 ! sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001912 ! sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000961 ! sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:9565 ! sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006210 {source="EHDAA2"} ! body-wall mesenchyme
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006297 ! sublingual gland primordium
name: sublingual gland primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17752 ! sublingual gland primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0001935 ! sublingual gland primordium
xref: EHDAA:7989 ! sublingual gland primordium
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001044 ! salivary gland
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001832 ! sublingual gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006298
name: submandibular gland primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17755 ! submandibular gland primordium
xref: EHDAA2:0001939 ! submandibular gland primordium
xref: EHDAA:9255 ! submandibular gland primordium
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0001048 ! primordium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001044 ! salivary gland
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001736 ! submandibular gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006300 ! supracardinal vein
name: supracardinal vein
def: "Either of two veins in the mammalian embryo and various adult lower vertebrate forms located in the thoracic and abdominal regions dorsolateral to and on either side of the descending aorta and giving rise to the azygos and hemiazygos veins and a part of the inferior vena cava[MW]. These veins drain the body wall via the segmental intercostal veins, thus taking over the function of the posterior cardinals[ISBN]" [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/supracardinal%20vein, ISBN-10:0443065837 "Human embryology\, Larsen"]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16830 ! supracardinal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0001964 ! supracardinal vein
xref: EHDAA:7492 ! supracardinal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004581 ! systemic venous system
xref: ncithesaurus:Supracardinal_Vein ! Supracardinal Vein
xref: SCTID:308829001 ! Entire supracardinal vein
xref: UMLS:C0231090

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008267
name: left supracardinal vein
def: "The left thoracic supracardinal vein loses its connection with the left posterior cardinal veins and left sinus horn and subsequently drains into the right supracardinal system." [ISBN-10:0443065837 "Human embryology\, Larsen"]
is_a: UBERON:0006300 ! supracardinal vein
xref: SCTID:361449001 ! Left supracardinal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008268 ! right supracardinal vein
name: right supracardinal vein
def: "The right supracardinal vein loses its connection with the posterior cardinal vein and makes a new anastomosis with the segments of the superior vena cava derived from the anterior cardinal vein, becoming the azygos vein." [ISBN-10:0443065837 "Human embryology\, Larsen"]
is_a: UBERON:0006300 ! supracardinal vein
xref: SCTID:361450001 ! Right supracardinal vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004539 ! supracardinal vein right

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006303
name: tracheal diverticulum
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16740 ! tracheal diverticulum
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002072 ! tracheal diverticulum
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006304
name: trigeminal V preganglion
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:16663 ! trigeminal V preganglion
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002089 ! trigeminal V preganglion
xref: EHDAA:924 ! trigeminal V preganglion
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001714 ! cranial ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009195
name: anal membrane
comment: During the 7th week the urorectal septum divides the cloacal membrane into a urogenital membrane (ventrally) and an anal membrane (dorsally) [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/ugenital/genitexterne01.html]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006217 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cloacal membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001353 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anal region
xref: ncithesaurus:Anal_Membrane ! Anal Membrane
xref: EHDAA2:0004018 ! anal membrane
xref: SCTID:344130000 ! Entire anal membrane
xref: UMLS:C1288337

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006307
name: urogenital membrane
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
comment: During the 7th week the urorectal septum divides the cloacal membrane into a urogenital membrane (ventrally) and an anal membrane (dorsally) [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/ugenital/genitexterne01.html]
xref: EMAPA:17210 ! urogenital membrane of genitourinary system
xref: EMAPA:17378 ! urogenital membrane of urinary system
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002141 ! urogenital membrane
xref: VHOG:0001187 ! urogenital membrane
xref: EHDAA:7011 ! urogenital membrane
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006217 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cloacal membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 {source="EHDAA2"} ! excretory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004122 ! genitourinary system
xref: EHDAA2:0004025 ! urogenital membrane
xref: SCTID:172994001 ! Urogenital membrane
property_value: external_definition "Ventral part of the cloacal membrane separating the gut from the fetus external environment. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001187", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/urogenital+membrane", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006308
name: vagal X nerve trunk
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17272 ! vagal X nerve trunk
xref: EHDAA2:0002160 ! vagal X nerve trunk
xref: VHOG:0000736 ! vagal X nerve trunk
xref: EHDAA:4659 ! vagal X nerve trunk
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0002464 ! nerve trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004293 ! parasympathetic nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006309
name: venous vitelline plexus
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17020 ! vitelline venous plexus (also: UBERON:0006310 'vitelline venous plexus')
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002172 ! venous vitelline plexus
xref: EHDAA:1945 ! venous vitelline plexus (also: UBERON:0006310 'vitelline venous plexus')
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004581 ! systemic venous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004582 ! venous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006310
name: vitelline venous plexus
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EMAPA:17020 ! vitelline venous plexus (also: UBERON:0006309 'venous vitelline plexus')
xref: EHDAA2:0002210 ! vitelline venous plexus
xref: EHDAA:1945 ! venous vitelline plexus (also: UBERON:0006309 'venous vitelline plexus')
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004581 ! systemic venous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004582 ! venous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006319
name: spinal cord reticular nucleus
synonym: "spinal reticular nucleus" EXACT [FMA:73909]
xref: FMA:73909 ! Spinal reticular nucleus
xref: MA:0001123 ! spinal cord reticular nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0000125 ! neural nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002256 ! dorsal horn of spinal cord


[Term]
id: UBERON:0006531
name: oculomotor muscle
def: "The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris." [MESH:A02.633.567.700]
comment: we follow MA in making this a subckass of extra-ocular muscle but the distinction is not clear
xref: MA:0002432 ! oculomotor muscle
xref: MESH:A02.633.567.700 ! oculomotor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001601 {source="MA"} ! extra-ocular muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Oculomotor_Muscle ! Oculomotor Muscle
xref: UMLS:C0028863

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006532 ! oblique extraocular muscle
name: oblique extraocular muscle
xref: MA:0001275 ! oblique extraocular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006531 ! oculomotor muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006533 ! rectus extraocular muscle
name: rectus extraocular muscle
xref: MA:0001278 ! rectus extraocular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006531 ! oculomotor muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006320
name: inferior oblique extraocular muscle
subset: vertebrate_core
def: "thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit." [Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes (via VHOG): "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.331
synonym: "musculus obliquus inferior bulbi" EXACT [Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus oculi inferior" EXACT [Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus inferior" EXACT [FMA:49040]
synonym: "inferior oblique" EXACT [FMA:49040]
synonym: "inferior oblique muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49040 ! Inferior oblique
xref: MA:0001276 ! inferior oblique extraocular muscle
xref: ZFA:0000861 ! ventral oblique extraocular muscle
xref: VHOG:0001132 ! ventral oblique extraocular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006532 {source="MA"} ! oblique extraocular muscle
xref: SCTID:181156006 ! Entire inferior oblique
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Oblique_Muscle ! Inferior Oblique Muscle
xref: TAO:0000861 ! ventral oblique extraocular muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001643 {source="dbpedia"} ! oculomotor nerve
synonym: "musculus obliquus inferior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001603 {source="dbpedia", notes="laterally onto the eyeball deep to the lateral rectus by a short flat tendon"} ! lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia", notes="orbital surface of the maxilla lateral to the lacrimal groove"} ! maxilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png
synonym: "ventral oblique extraocular muscle" EXACT [VHOG:0001132]
synonym: "ventral oblique extraocular muscles" RELATED [VHOG:0001132]
property_value: homology_notes "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001132", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.331", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0582817

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006321
name: superior oblique extraocular muscle
def: "The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye. One of the extraocular muscles, the superior oblique is the only muscle innervated by the trochlear nerve (the fourth cranial nerve)." [Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "obliquus superior" EXACT [FMA:49039]
synonym: "superior oblique" EXACT [FMA:49039]
synonym: "superior oblique muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus obliquus superior" EXACT [AAO:0010119]
synonym: "obliquus oculi superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "M. obliquus superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle]
xref: FMA:49039 ! Superior oblique
xref: MA:0001277 ! superior oblique extraocular muscle
xref: ZFA:0000738 ! dorsal oblique extraocular muscle
xref: AAO:0010119 ! musculus obliquus superior
xref: VHOG:0001131 ! dorsal oblique extraocular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006532 {source="MA"} ! oblique extraocular muscle
xref: SCTID:181155005 ! Entire superior oblique
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Oblique_Muscle ! Superior Oblique Muscle
xref: TAO:0000738 ! dorsal oblique extraocular muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001644 {source="dbpedia"} ! trochlear nerve
synonym: "musculus obliquus superior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010230 {source="dbpedia", notes="Outer posterior quadrant of the eyeball"} ! eyeball of camera-type eye
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png
property_value: external_definition "Cranial nerve IV innervated; dorsal in the obliquus group.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010119", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
synonym: "dorsal oblique extraocular muscle" EXACT [VHOG:0001131]
synonym: "dorsal oblique extraocular muscles" RELATED [VHOG:0001131]
property_value: homology_notes "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001131", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.331", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0582816

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006322
name: inferior rectus extraocular muscle
def: "a muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye. The inferior rectus muscle is the only muscle that is capable of depressing the pupil when it is in a fully abducted position." [Wikipedia:Inferior_rectus_muscle]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inferior rectus" EXACT [FMA:49036]
synonym: "inferior rectus muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49036 ! Inferior rectus
xref: MA:0001279 ! inferior rectus extraocular muscle
xref: ZFA:0000457 ! ventral rectus
xref: VHOG:0001130 ! ventral rectus extraocular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006533 {source="MA"} ! rectus extraocular muscle
xref: SCTID:181154009 ! Entire inferior rectus
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Rectus_Muscle ! Inferior Rectus Muscle
xref: TAO:0000457 ! ventral rectus
synonym: "musculus rectus inferior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_rectus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png
synonym: "ventral rectus extraocular muscle" EXACT [VHOG:0001130]
synonym: "ventral rectus" RELATED [TAO:0000457]
synonym: "ventral recti" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0000457]
property_value: homology_notes "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001130", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.331", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0582819

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006323
def: "The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of the extraocular muscles. It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). In the primary position (looking straight ahead), the superior rectus muscle's primary function is elevation, although it also contributes to intorsion and adduction." [Wikipedia:Superior_rectus_muscle]
name: superior rectus extraocular muscle
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "superior rectus" EXACT [FMA:49035]
synonym: "superior rectus muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49035 ! Superior rectus
xref: MA:0001282 ! superior rectus extraocular muscle
xref: ZFA:0000345 ! dorsal rectus
xref: VHOG:0001128 ! dorsal rectus extraocular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006533 {source="MA"} ! rectus extraocular muscle
xref: SCTID:181153003 ! Entire superior rectus
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Rectus_Muscle ! Superior Rectus Muscle
xref: TAO:0000345 ! dorsal rectus
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001643 {source="dbpedia"} ! oculomotor nerve
synonym: "musculus rectus superior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_rectus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png
synonym: "dorsal rectus extraocular muscle" EXACT [VHOG:0001128]
synonym: "dorsal rectus" RELATED [TAO:0000345]
property_value: homology_notes "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001128", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF\, Bemis WE\, Walker WF\, Grande L\, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.331", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0582818

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006326
name: base of arytenoid
synonym: "arytenoid cartilage base" EXACT [FMA:55349]
synonym: "base of arytenoid" EXACT [FMA:55349]
synonym: "base of arytenoid cartilage" EXACT [FMA:55349]
xref: FMA:55349 ! Base of arytenoid cartilage
xref: MA:0001761 ! base of arytenoid
is_a: UBERON:0001994 ! hyaline cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage
xref: SCTID:279532006 ! Entire base of arytenoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006327
name: laryngeal extrinsic muscle
synonym: "extrinsic muscle of larynx" EXACT [FMA:55225]
xref: FMA:55225 ! Extrinsic muscle of larynx
xref: MA:0001769 ! laryngeal extrinsic muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001568 ! muscle of larynx
xref: SCTID:244808004 ! Extrinsic muscle of larynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006328
name: laryngeal intrinsic muscle
synonym: "intrinsic muscle of larynx" EXACT [FMA:55226]
synonym: "intrinsic laryngeal muscle" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "intrinsic laryneal muscles" RELATED [FEED:FEED]
xref: FMA:55226 ! Intrinsic muscle of larynx
xref: MA:0001770 ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001568 ! muscle of larynx
xref: SCTID:244810002 ! Entire intrinsic laryngeal muscle
property_value: external_definition "each muscle listed separately.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006330
name: anterior lingual gland
def: "Anterior lingual glands (also called apical glands) are deeply placed seromucous glands that are located near the tip of the tongue on each side of the frenulum linguae. They are found on the under surface of the apex of the tongue, and are covered by a bundle of muscular fibers derived from the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior." [Wikipedia:Anterior_lingual_glands]
synonym: "Bauhin's glands:" EXACT [Wikipedia:Anterior_lingual_glands]
synonym: "Blandin's glands:" EXACT [Wikipedia:Anterior_lingual_glands]
synonym: "Nuhn's glands:" EXACT [Wikipedia:Anterior_lingual_glands]
synonym: "anterior lingual salivary gland" EXACT [FMA:59796]
synonym: "lingual salivary gland" EXACT [FMA:59796]
xref: FMA:59796 ! Lingual salivary gland
xref: MA:0002701 ! anterior lingual gland
is_a: UBERON:0001830 ! minor salivary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
xref: ncithesaurus:Lingual_Salivary_Gland ! Lingual Salivary Gland
xref: SCTID:362179003 ! Entire anterior lingual gland
xref: UMLS:C0930558

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006333
name: snout
def: "." [Wikipedia:Snout]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "muzzle" RELATED [MA:0001910]
xref: ZFA:0005496 ! snout
xref: MA:0001910 ! snout (also: UBERON:0004089 'midface')
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
xref: SCTID:41127006 ! Muzzle
xref: TAO:0001712 ! snout
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure that is the region of the head in front of and between the orbits, and above the lower jaw. Nares are located on the snout[ZFA]." xsd:string {ontology="ZFA", ontology_class="ZFA:0005496", date_retrieved="2012-10-05"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012128
name: nose tip
synonym: "apex nasi" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "apex of nose" EXACT  [FMA:59518]
synonym: "nasal tip" EXACT  [FMA:59518]
synonym: "tip of nose" EXACT [FMA:59518]
synonym: "tip of snout" RELATED []
synonym: "snout tip" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0006983 ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007827 {source="FMA"} ! external nose
xref: FMA:59518 ! tip of nose
xref: SCTID:361926005 ! Entire apex of nose

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006334
name: posterior lateral line
def: "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [ZFA:0000944]
comment: check XAO/AAO
subset: dubious_grouping
synonym: "pll" EXACT [ZFA:0000944]
xref: XAO:0000465 ! caudal lateral line
xref: ZFA:0000944 ! posterior lateral line
xref: EFO:0003595 ! posterior lateral line
is_a: UBERON:0010202 ! lateral line
xref: AAO:0011024 ! caudal lateral line
xref: TAO:0000944 ! posterior lateral line
property_value: external_definition "One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000944", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from posterior lateral line primordium (TAO:0001157)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000944", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of posterior lateral line system (TAO:0001471)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000944", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006336
name: obsolete unspecified
consider: XAO:0003003 ! unspecified
consider: ZFA:0001093 ! unspecified
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006338
name: lateral ventricle choroid plexus stroma
comment: editors note: definitions should be fixed to use generic stroma class
xref: MA:0000963
intersection_of: UBERON:0005206 ! choroid plexus stroma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002285 ! telencephalic ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002307 ! choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
def: "A choroid plexus stroma that is part of a lateral ventricle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006339
name: third ventricle choroid plexus stroma
xref: MA:0000881
intersection_of: UBERON:0005206 ! choroid plexus stroma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002286 ! third ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002288 ! choroid plexus of third ventricle
def: "A choroid plexus stroma that is part of a third ventricle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006340
name: fourth ventricle choroid plexus stroma
xref: MA:0000985
intersection_of: UBERON:0005206 ! choroid plexus stroma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002422 ! fourth ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002290 ! choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
def: "A choroid plexus stroma that is part of a fourth ventricle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006341
name: outer renal medulla peritubular capillary
xref: MA:0002589
intersection_of: UBERON:0005272 ! peritubular capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001293 ! outer medulla of kidney
synonym: "kidney outer medulla peritubular capillary" EXACT [MA:0002589]
def: "A peritubular capillary that is part of a outer medulla of kidney." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012441
name: endothelium of peritubular capillary
synonym: "peritubular capillary endothelium" EXACT []
synonym: "peritubular endothelium" BROAD []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001986 ! endothelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005272 ! peritubular capillary

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006442
name: subhepatic recess
synonym: "hepatic recess" EXACT []
synonym: "subhepatic space" EXACT [FMA:20676]
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001179 {source="MA-abduced"} ! peritoneal cavity
xref: SCTID:36051002 ! subhepatic recess
xref: FMA:20676 ! subhepatic space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006342
name: left subhepatic recess
comment: Compare with lesser sac / omental bursa and its cavities / recesses
synonym: "left hepatic recess" EXACT [MA:0000444]
xref: MA:0000444 ! left hepatic recess
xref: EMAPA:18047 ! left hepatic recess
xref: FMA:20677 ! left subhepatic space
is_a: UBERON:0006442 ! hepatic recess
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005252 {notes="unverified"} ! omental bursa cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006343
name: right subhepatic recess
def: "The hepatorenal recess or subhepatic recess is the space that separates the liver from the right kidney. As a potential space, the recess is not filled with fluid under normal conditions. However, fluid can collect in this space in circumstances where the abdomen fills with fluid, such as hemoperitoneum. This fluid may be seen on ultrasound or computed tomography (CT scan)." [Wikipedia:Hepatorenal_recess_of_subhepatic_space]
synonym: "hepatorenal recess" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hepatorenal_recess_of_subhepatic_space]
synonym: "Morison pouch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hepatorenal_recess_of_subhepatic_space]
synonym: "Morison's pouch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hepatorenal_recess_of_subhepatic_space]
synonym: "pouch of Morison" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hepatorenal_recess_of_subhepatic_space]
synonym: "pouch of Morrison" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hepatorenal_recess_of_subhepatic_space]
synonym: "hepatorenal fossa" EXACT  [FMA:14715]
synonym: "hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space" EXACT  [FMA:14715]
synonym: "Morison's pouch" EXACT  [FMA:14715]
synonym: "recessus hepatorenalis" EXACT  [FMA:14715]
synonym: "recessus hepatorenalis recessi subhepatici" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "right posterior subphrenic space" EXACT  [FMA:14715]
synonym: "right subhepatic space" EXACT  [FMA:14715]
synonym: "right hepatic recess" EXACT [MA:0000450]
xref: MA:0000450 ! right hepatic recess
xref: EMAPA:18050 ! right hepatic recess
xref: FMA:14715 ! hepatorenal recess
is_a: UBERON:0006442 ! hepatic recess

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006349
name: epigastric artery
xref: MA:0001948 ! epigastric artery
xref: EMAPA:18750 ! epigastric artery
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.330 ! epigastric artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Epigastric_Artery ! Epigastric Artery
xref: SCTID:261400009 ! Epigastric artery
xref: UMLS:C0282640

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006443 ! prinicipal vein of limb
name: prinicipal vein of limb
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006351
name: principal vein of forelimb
xref: MA:0002199 ! principal vein of forelimb
xref: EMAPA:17018 ! principal vein of forelimb
intersection_of: UBERON:0006443 ! prinicipal vein of limb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
def: "A prinicipal vein of limb that is part of a forelimb." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006353
name: principal vein of hindlimb
xref: MA:0002200 ! principal vein of hindlimb
xref: EMAPA:17019 ! principal vein of hindlimb
intersection_of: UBERON:0006443 ! prinicipal vein of limb
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002103 ! hindlimb
def: "A prinicipal vein of limb that is part of a hindlimb." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006355
name: superior vesical vein
xref: MA:0002227 ! superior vesical vein
xref: EMAPA:18646 ! superior vesical vein
is_a: UBERON:0002460 ! vesical vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006356
name: epigastric vein
xref: MA:0002114 ! epigastric vein
xref: EMAPA:18759 ! epigastric vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Epigastric_Vein ! Epigastric Vein
xref: UMLS:C1707930

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006359
name: mesoduodenum
xref: MA:0001556 ! mesoduodenum
xref: EMAPA:17198 ! mesoduodenum of mesentery of caudal part of duodenum of midgut
xref: EMAPA:17183 ! mesoduodenum of mesentery of rostral part of duodenum of foregut
xref: EMAPA:19082 ! mesoduodenum of mesentery of duodenum of gut
is_a: UBERON:0001170 ! mesentery of small intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006360
name: intermolar eminence
xref: MA:0001590 ! intermolar eminence
xref: EMAPA:18273 ! intermolar eminence of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18876 ! intermolar eminence of tongue of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006374
name: part of afferent arteriole forming the juxtaglomerular complex
synonym: "renin-producing cells" RELATED [MA:0002580]
xref: MA:0002580 ! part of afferent arteriole forming juxtaglomerular complex
xref: EMAPA:28269 ! part of afferent arteriole forming the juxtaglomerular complex
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002303 ! juxtaglomerular apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004639 ! afferent arteriole
synonym: "part of afferent arteriole forming juxtaglomerular complex" EXACT [MA:0002580]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011933 ! vibrissa unit
name: vibrissa unit
comment: MA has distinct classes for vibrissa and vibrissa hair - the former includes the follicle and is thus not the hair proper. We model this as the 'vibrissa unit'
synonym: "vibrissa" RELATED [MA:0000163]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 {source="MA"} ! integumental system
xref: MA:0000163 ! vibrissa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006378
name: vibrissa hair
def: "A specialized hair usually employed for tactile sensation. Vibrissae hair grow around the nostrils, above the lips, and on other parts of the face of most mammals, and all primates except humans. vibrissae are different from other hairs because they are implanted in a special hair follicle incorporating a capsule of blood called a blood sinus and heavily innervated by sensory nerves[WP]." [Wikipedia:Whiskers, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
synonym: "macrovibrissa" NARROW []
synonym: "microvibrissa" NARROW []
synonym: "motile vibrissa" NARROW []
synonym: "true whisker" NARROW []
synonym: "whisker" NARROW [MA:0000163]
synonym: "vibrissa hair" EXACT  []
synonym: "vibrissae" RELATED PLURAL  []
synonym: "sinus hair" EXACT [EMAPA:26747, MP:0009003]
synonym: "touch hair" EXACT [MP:0009003]
synonym: "contour hair" EXACT [MP:0009003]
xref: MA:0000782 ! vibrissa hair
xref: EMAPA:17529 ! vibrissa
xref: EMAPA:26747 ! sinus hair
xref: BTO:0003488 ! vibrissa
xref: MESH:A13.950 ! vibrissae
xref: http://eulep.pdn.cam.ac.uk/~skinbase/Annotated_anatomy_of_the_mouse_vibrissa/vibrissa_labelled.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0001037 ! strand of hair
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011933 {source="MA"} ! vibrissa unit
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="Skinbase"} ! Homo sapiens
property_value: taxon_notes "In harbor seals, the structure of the vibrissal shaft is undulated (wavy) and flattened. This specialization is also found in most true seals. In contrast, the whiskers of the California sea lion are circular or elliptical in cross-section and are smooth." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_reception#Species_differences_in_vibrissae"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011931
name: nasal hair
def: "Hair in the nose" [Wikipedia:Nasal_hair]
synonym: "hair of vestibular part of nose" EXACT  [FMA:53670]
synonym: "nose hair" EXACT  [FMA:53670]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001037 ! strand of hair
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
xref: FMA:53670 ! hair of nose
xref: SCTID:368885003 ! Entire intranasal hair
synonym: "hair of nose" EXACT [FMA:53670]
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006378 ! vibrissa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006428
name: basisphenoid bone
comment: "Endochondral ossification of the ventromedial portion of the braincase." [AAO:0000040] // "An endochondral bone that is located ventral to the pterosphenoid and dorsal to the parasphenoid. Basisphenoid is a median bone that is usually Y-shaped." [TAO:0000169]
synonym: "basisphenoid" EXACT [AAO:0000040]
xref: MA:0001463 ! basisphenoid bone
xref: EMAPA:18706 ! basisphenoid bone
xref: AAO:0000040 ! basisphenoid
is_a: UBERON:0011164 {source="MA"} ! neurocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241  ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009194 {source="cjm"} ! basisphenoid cartilage condenstion
xref: SCTID:95945003 ! Entire basisphenoid bone
xref: TAO:0000169 ! basisphenoid
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral ossification of the ventromedial portion of the braincase.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000040", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000040", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "An endochondral bone that is located ventral to the pterosphenoid and dorsal to the parasphenoid. Basisphenoid is a median bone that is usually Y-shaped.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000169", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
synonym: "basisphcénocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000169]
synonym: "propituital@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000169]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006831
name: pre-tracheal muscle
xref: MA:0001798 ! pretracheal muscle
synonym: "pretracheal muscle" EXACT [MA:0001798]
xref: EMAPA:25142 ! pre-tracheal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007719
name: bone of reproductive structure
def: "A bone that is part of a reproductive structure." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "baculum" NARROW []
synonym: "os penis/os clitoris" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005156 ! reproductive structure
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Homo sapiens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006440
name: os clitoris
def: "A bone that is part of a clitoris." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "baubellum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
synonym: "os clitoridis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
xref: MA:0000387 ! os clitoris
xref: EMAPA:30823 ! os clitoris
is_a: UBERON:0007719 ! penis/os clitoris
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002411 ! clitoris
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 ! Homo sapiens
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia
relationship: sexually_homologous_to UBERON:0006435 ! os penis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006435
name: os penis
def: "a bone found in the penis of most mammals. It is absent in humans, but present in other primates, such as the closely-related chimpanzee. The bone aids in sexual intercourse[WP]." [Wikipedia:Baculum]
comment: Taxon notes: found in most mammals, with the exception of humans
synonym: "baculum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
synonym: "penile bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
synonym: "penis bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
xref: MA:0000406 ! os penis
xref: EMAPA:29769 ! os penis
xref: SCTID:27962002 ! Baculum
is_a: UBERON:0007719 ! penis/os clitoris
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 ! Homo sapiens
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mammalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006445
name: caudal middle frontal gyrus
def: "Component of the middle frontal gyrus. The rostral boundary of the middle frontal gyrus was the rostral extent of the middle frontal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were designated as the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1083]
synonym: "caudal middle frontal gyrus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1083]
synonym: "posterior part of middle frontal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:70688]
xref: FMA:70688 ! posterior part of middle frontal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1083 ! Caudal middle frontal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002702 ! middle frontal gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006446
name: rostral middle frontal gyrus
def: "Component of the middle frontal gyrus The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the middle frontal gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1090]
synonym: "rostral middle frontal gyrus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1090]
synonym: "anterior part of middle frontal gyrus" EXACT [FMA:70687]
xref: FMA:70687 ! anterior part of middle frontal gyrus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1090 ! Rostral middle frontal gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0002791 ! regional part of telencephalon
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002702 ! middle frontal gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006448
name: first lumbar spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L1 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1336]
synonym: "first lumbar spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1336]
synonym: "L1 segment" EXACT [FMA:71187]
xref: FMA:71187 ! l1 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1336 ! First lumbar spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007716 ! lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278776009 ! First lumbar spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006450
name: second lumbar spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L2 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1345]
synonym: "second lumbar spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1345]
synonym: "l2 segment" EXACT [FMA:71188]
xref: FMA:71188 ! l2 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1345 ! Second lumbar spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007716 ! lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278777000 ! Second lumbar spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006449
name: third lumbar spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L3 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1340]
synonym: "third lumbar spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1340]
synonym: "L3 segment" EXACT [FMA:71189]
xref: FMA:71189 ! l3 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1340 ! Third lumbar spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007716 ! lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278778005 ! Third lumbar spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006451
name: fourth lumbar spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L4 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1352]
synonym: "L4 segment" EXACT [FMA:71190]
xref: FMA:71190 ! l4 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1352 ! Forth lumbar spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007716 ! lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278779002 ! Fourth lumbar spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006447
name: fifth lumbar spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L5 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1251]
synonym: "fifth lumbar spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1251]
synonym: "L5 segment" EXACT [FMA:71191]
xref: FMA:71191 ! l5 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1251 ! Fifth lumbar spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007716 ! lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278775008 ! Fifth lumbar spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006457
name: first thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T1 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1452]
synonym: "first thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1452]
synonym: "t1 segment" EXACT [FMA:62421]
xref: FMA:62421 ! t1 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1452 ! First thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278762008 ! First thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006458
name: second thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T2 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1454]
synonym: "second thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1454]
synonym: "t2 segment" EXACT [FMA:62422]
xref: FMA:62422 ! t2 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1454 ! Second thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278763003 ! Second thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006459
name: third thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T3 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1458]
synonym: "third thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1458]
synonym: "t3 segment" EXACT [FMA:71169]
xref: FMA:71169 ! t3 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1458 ! Third thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278764009 ! Third thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006452
name: fourth thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T4 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1378]
synonym: "T4 segment" EXACT [FMA:71170]
xref: FMA:71170 ! t4 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1378 ! Forth thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278766006 ! Fourth thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006453
name: fifth thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T5 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1383]
synonym: "fifth thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1383]
synonym: "t5 segment" EXACT [FMA:71171]
xref: FMA:71171 ! t5 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1383 ! Fifth thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278767002 ! Fifth thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006454
name: sixth thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T6 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1387]
synonym: "sixth thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1387]
synonym: "t6 segment" EXACT [FMA:71172]
xref: FMA:71172 ! t6 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1387 ! Sixth thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278768007 ! Sixth thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006455
name: seventh thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T7 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1392]
synonym: "seventh thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1392]
synonym: "t7 segment" EXACT [FMA:71173]
xref: FMA:71173 ! t7 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1392 ! Seventh thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278769004 ! Seventh thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006456
name: eighth thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T8 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1398]
synonym: "eighth thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1398]
synonym: "t8 segment" EXACT [FMA:71174]
xref: FMA:71174 ! t8 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1398 ! Eighth thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278770003 ! Eighth thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006465
name: ninth thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T9 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1584]
synonym: "ninth thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1584]
synonym: "t9 segment" EXACT [FMA:71175]
xref: FMA:71175 ! t9 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1584 ! Ninth thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278771004 ! Ninth thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006466
name: tenth thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T10 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1591]
synonym: "tenth thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1591]
synonym: "t10 segment" EXACT [FMA:71176]
xref: FMA:71176 ! t10 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1591 ! Tenth thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278772006 ! Tenth thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006467
name: eleventh thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T11 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1596]
synonym: "eleventh thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1596]
synonym: "t11 segment" EXACT [FMA:71177]
xref: FMA:71177 ! t11 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1596 ! Eleventh thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278773001 ! Eleventh thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006468
name: twelfth thoracic spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T12 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1598]
synonym: "twelfth thoracic spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1598]
synonym: "t12 segment" EXACT [FMA:71178]
xref: FMA:71178 ! t12 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1598 ! Twelfth thoracic spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007715 ! thoracic subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278774007 ! Twelfth thoracic spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006460
name: first sacral spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S1 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1532]
synonym: "first sacral spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1532]
synonym: "S1 segment" EXACT [FMA:256625]
xref: FMA:256625 ! s1 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1532 ! First sacral spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007717 ! sacral subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278780004 ! First sacral spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006461
name: second sacral spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S2 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1539]
synonym: "second sacral spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1539]
synonym: "S2 segment" EXACT [FMA:256627]
xref: FMA:256627 ! s2 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1539 ! Second sacral spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007717 ! sacral subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278781000 ! Second sacral spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006462
name: third sacral spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S3 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1544]
synonym: "third sacral spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1544]
synonym: "S3 segment" EXACT [FMA:256629]
xref: FMA:256629 ! s3 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1544 ! Third sacral spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007717 ! sacral subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278782007 ! Third sacral spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006463
name: fourth sacral spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S4 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1548]
synonym: "S4 segment" EXACT [FMA:256631]
xref: FMA:256631 ! s4 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1548 ! Forth sacral spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007717 ! sacral subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278783002 ! Fourth sacral spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006464
name: fifth sacral spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S5 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1553]
synonym: "fifth sacral spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1553]
synonym: "S5 segment" EXACT [FMA:256633]
xref: FMA:256633 ! s5 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1553 ! Fifth sacral spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007717 ! sacral subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278784008 ! Fifth sacral spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006469
name: first cervical spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C1 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1694]
synonym: "first cervical spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1694]
synonym: "C1 segment" EXACT [FMA:71179]
xref: FMA:71179 ! c1 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1694 ! First cervical spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278754000 ! First cervical spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006489
name: second cervical spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C2 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_752]
synonym: "second cervical spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_752]
synonym: "C2 segment" EXACT [FMA:71180]
xref: FMA:71180 ! c2 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_752 ! Second cervical spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278755004 ! Second cervical spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006488
name: third cervical spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C3 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_744]
synonym: "third cervical spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_744]
synonym: "C3 segment" EXACT [FMA:71181]
xref: FMA:71181 ! c3 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_744 ! Third cervical spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278756003 ! Third cervical spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006490
name: fourth cervical spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C4 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_753]
synonym: "forth cervical spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_753]
synonym: "C4 segment" EXACT [FMA:71182]
xref: FMA:71182 ! c4 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_753 ! Forth cervical spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278757007 ! Fourth cervical spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006491
name: fifth cervical spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C5 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_760]
synonym: "fifth cervical spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_760]
synonym: "C5 segment" EXACT [FMA:71183]
xref: FMA:71183 ! c5 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_760 ! Fifth cervical spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278758002 ! Fifth cervical spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006492
name: sixth cervical spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C6 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_766]
synonym: "sixth cervical spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_766]
synonym: "C6 segment" EXACT [FMA:71184]
xref: FMA:71184 ! c6 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_766 ! Sixth cervical spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278759005 ! Sixth cervical spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006493
name: seventh cervical spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C7 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_773]
synonym: "seventh cervical spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_773]
synonym: "C7 segment" EXACT [FMA:71185]
xref: FMA:71185 ! c7 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_773 ! Seventh cervical spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278760000 ! Seventh cervical spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006470
name: eighth cervical spinal cord segment
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C8 spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1696]
synonym: "eighth cervical spinal cord segment" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1696]
synonym: "C8 segment" EXACT [FMA:71186]
xref: FMA:71186 ! c8 segment
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1696 ! Eighth cervical spinal cord segment
is_a: UBERON:0007714 ! cervical subsegment of spinal cord
xref: SCTID:278761001 ! Eighth cervical spinal cord segment

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006471
name: brodmann (1909) area 5
def: "Brodmann area 5 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in somatosensory processing and association." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_5]
synonym: "preparietal area 5" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_5]
synonym: "secondary somatosensory cortex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_5]
synonym: "Area praeparietalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736]
synonym: "B09-5" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736]
synonym: "Brodmann area 5, preparietal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736]
synonym: "area 5 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 5" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736]
synonym: "preparietal area 5" EXACT [FMA:68601]
synonym: "Brodmann area 5" EXACT [FMA:68601]
synonym: "BA5" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68601 ! brodmann area 5
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1736 ! Brodmann (1909) area 5
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384764008 ! Entire Brodmann area 5, preparietal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Brodmann_areas_5.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006472
name: brodmann (1909) area 6
def: "Brodmann area 6, or BA6, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex, it is composed of the premotor cortex and, medially, the supplementary motor area, or SMA. This large area of the frontal cortex is believed to play a role in the planning of complex, coordinated movements. Brodmann area 6 is also called agranular frontal area 6 in humans because it lacks an internal granular cortical layer (layer IV). It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human brain, it is located on the portions of the precentral gyrus that are not occupied by the gigantopyramidal area 4; furthermore, BA6 extends onto the caudal portions of the superior frontal and middle frontal gyri. It extends from the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere to the lateral sulcus on the lateral aspect. It is bounded rostrally by the granular frontal region and caudally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 (Brodmann, 1909)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_6]
synonym: "agranular frontal area 6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_6]
synonym: "Area frontalis agranularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737]
synonym: "B09-6" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737]
synonym: "Brodmann area 6, agranular frontal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737]
synonym: "area 6 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 6" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737]
synonym: "agranular frontal area 6" EXACT [FMA:68602]
synonym: "area 6 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68602]
synonym: "frontal belt" EXACT [FMA:68602]
synonym: "Brodmann area 6" EXACT [FMA:68602]
synonym: "BA6" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68602 ! brodmann area 6
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1737 ! Brodmann (1909) area 6
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384765009 ! Entire Brodmann area 6, agranular frontal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Brodmann_areas_6.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006473
name: brodmann (1909) area 18
def: "" [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_18]
synonym: "Area parastriata" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_18]
synonym: "Area parastriata" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749]
synonym: "B09-18" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749]
synonym: "Brodmann area 18, parastriate" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749]
synonym: "area 18 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 18" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749]
synonym: "area 18 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68615]
synonym: "brodmann's area 18" EXACT [FMA:68615]
synonym: "parastriate area 18" EXACT [FMA:68615]
synonym: "secondary visual area" EXACT [FMA:68615]
synonym: "visual area ii" EXACT [FMA:68615]
synonym: "Brodmann area 18" EXACT [FMA:68615]
synonym: "BA18" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68615 ! brodmann area 18
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1749 ! Brodmann (1909) area 18
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384773000 ! Entire Brodmann area 18, parastriate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006474
name: brodmann (1909) area 30
def: "Brodmann area 30, also known as agranular retrolimbic area 30, is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the granular retrolimbic area 29, dorsally by the ventral posterior cingulate area 23 and ventrolaterally by the ectorhinal area 36 (Brodmann-1909)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_30]
synonym: "Area retrosplenialis agranularis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_30]
synonym: "Area retrolimbica agranularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764]
synonym: "B09-30" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764]
synonym: "Brodmann area 30, agranular retrolimbic" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764]
synonym: "area 30 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 30" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764]
synonym: "agranular retrolimbic area 30" EXACT [FMA:68627]
synonym: "area 30 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68627]
synonym: "brodmann's area 30" EXACT [FMA:68627]
synonym: "Brodmann area 30" EXACT [FMA:68627]
synonym: "BA30" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68627 ! brodmann area 30
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1764 ! Brodmann (1909) area 30
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384784007 ! Entire Brodmann area 30, agranular retrolimbic

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006475
name: brodmann (1909) area 31
def: "Brodmann area 31, also known as dorsal posterior cingulate area 31, is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of the cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies portions of the posterior cingulate gyrus and medial aspect of the parietal lobe. Approximate boundaries are the cingulate sulcus dorsally and the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally. It partially surrounds the subparietal sulcus, the ventral continuation of the cingulate sulcus in the parietal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, ventrally by the ventral posterior cingulate area 23, dorsally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 and preparietal area 5 and caudally by the superior parietal area 7 (H) (Brodmann-1909)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_31]
synonym: "Area cingularis posterior dorsalis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_31]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_31.png
synonym: "Area cingularis posterior dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765]
synonym: "B09-31" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765]
synonym: "Brodmann area 31, dorsal posterior cingulate" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765]
synonym: "area 31 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 31" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765]
synonym: "area 31 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68628]
synonym: "brodmann's area 31" EXACT [FMA:68628]
synonym: "cinguloparietal transition area" EXACT [FMA:68628]
synonym: "dorsal posterior cingulate area 31" EXACT [FMA:68628]
synonym: "Brodmann area 31" EXACT [FMA:68628]
synonym: "BA31" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68628 ! brodmann area 31
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1765 ! Brodmann (1909) area 31
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384785008 ! Entire Brodmann area 31, dorsal posterior cingulate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006476
name: brodmann (1909) area 33
def: "Brodmann area 33, also known as pregenual area 33, is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. It is a narrow band located in the anterior cingulate gyrus adjacent to the supracallosal gyrus in the depth of the callosal sulcus, near the genu of the corpus callosum. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24 and the supracallosal gyrus (Brodmann-1909)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_33]
synonym: "Area praegenualis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_33]
synonym: "Area praegenualis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766]
synonym: "B09-33" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766]
synonym: "Brodmann area 33, pregenual" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766]
synonym: "area 33 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 33" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766]
synonym: "area 33 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68630]
synonym: "brodmann's area 33" EXACT [FMA:68630]
synonym: "pregenual area 33" EXACT [FMA:68630]
synonym: "Brodmann area 33" EXACT [FMA:68630]
synonym: "BA33" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68630 ! brodmann area 33
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1766 ! Brodmann (1909) area 33
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384788005 ! Entire Brodmann area 33, pregenual

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006477
name: brodmann (1909) area 34
def: "Brodmann area 34 is a part of the brain. It has been described as part of the entorhinal area. It has been described as part of the superior temporal gyrus." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_34]
synonym: "Area entorhinalis dorsalis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_34]
synonym: "Area entorhinalis dorsalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767]
synonym: "B09-34" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767]
synonym: "Brodmann area 34, dorsal entorhinal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767]
synonym: "area 34 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 34" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767]
synonym: "area 34 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68631]
synonym: "dorsal entorhinal area 34" EXACT [FMA:68631]
synonym: "Brodmann area 34" EXACT [FMA:68631]
synonym: "BA34" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68631 ! brodmann area 34
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1767 ! Brodmann (1909) area 34
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384789002 ! Entire Brodmann area 34, dorsal entorhinal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006478
name: brodmann (1909) area 37
def: "Brodmann area 37, or BA37, is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. This area is known as occipitotemporal area 37 (H). It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located primarily in the caudal portions of the fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus on the mediobasal and lateral surfaces at the caudal extreme of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the peristriate Brodmann area 19, rostrally by the inferior temporal area 20 and middle temporal area 21 and dorsally on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere by the angular area 39 (H) (Brodmann-1909)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_37]
synonym: "Area occipitotemporalis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_37]
synonym: "Area occipitotemporalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770]
synonym: "B09-37" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770]
synonym: "Brodmann area 37, occipitotemporal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770]
synonym: "area 37 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 37" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770]
synonym: "area 37 0f brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68634]
synonym: "occipitotemporal area 37" EXACT [FMA:68634]
synonym: "Brodmann area 37" EXACT [FMA:68634]
synonym: "BA37" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68634 ! brodmann area 37
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1770 ! Brodmann (1909) area 37
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384792003 ! Entire Brodmann area 37, occipitotemporal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006479
name: brodmann (1909) area 38
synonym: "Area temporopolaris" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771]
synonym: "B09-38" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771]
synonym: "Brodmann area 38, temporopolar" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771]
synonym: "area 38 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 38" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771]
synonym: "area 38 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68635]
synonym: "temporopolar area 38" EXACT [FMA:68635]
synonym: "Brodmann area 38" EXACT [FMA:68635]
synonym: "BA38" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68635 ! brodmann area 38
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1771 ! Brodmann (1909) area 38
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384793008 ! Entire Brodmann area 38, temporopolar

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006480
name: brodmann (1909) area 39
def: "." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_39]
synonym: "Area angularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772]
synonym: "B09-39" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772]
synonym: "Brodmann area 39, angular" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772]
synonym: "area 39 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 39" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772]
synonym: "angular area 39" EXACT [FMA:68636]
synonym: "area 39 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68636]
synonym: "Brodmann area 39" EXACT [FMA:68636]
synonym: "BA39" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68636 ! brodmann area 39
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1772 ! Brodmann (1909) area 39
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384794002 ! Entire Brodmann area 39, angular

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006481
name: brodmann (1909) area 44
synonym: "Area opercularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776]
synonym: "B09-44" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776]
synonym: "Brodmann area 44, opercular" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776]
synonym: "area 44 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 44" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776]
synonym: "area 44 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68641]
synonym: "opercular area 44" EXACT [FMA:68641]
synonym: "Brodmann area 44" EXACT [FMA:68641]
synonym: "BA44" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68641 ! brodmann area 44
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1776 ! Brodmann (1909) area 44
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384803008 ! Entire Brodmann area 44, opercular

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006482
name: brodmann (1909) area 45
def: "Brodmann area 45 (BA45), is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated on the lateral surface, inferior to BA9 and adjacent to BA46. This area is also known as pars triangular (of the inferior frontal gyrus). In the human, it occupies the triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (H) and, surrounding the anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus (H), a portion of the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus (H). Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus (H), it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral sulcus. In terms of cytoarchitecture, it is bounded caudally by the opercular area 44 (BA44), rostrodorsally by the middle frontal area 46 (BA46), and ventrally by the orbital area 47 (BA47) (Brodmann-1909)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_45]
synonym: "Area triangularis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_45]
synonym: "Area triangularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777]
synonym: "B09-45" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777]
synonym: "Brodmann area 45, triangular" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777]
synonym: "area 45 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 45" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777]
synonym: "area 45 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68642]
synonym: "triangular area 45" EXACT [FMA:68642]
synonym: "Brodmann area 45" EXACT [FMA:68642]
synonym: "BA45" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68642 ! brodmann area 45
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1777 ! Brodmann (1909) area 45
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384805001 ! Entire Brodmann area 45, triangular

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006483 ! brodmann (1909) area 46
name: brodmann (1909) area 46
def: "Brodmann area 46, or BA46, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. It is between BA10 and BA45. BA46 is known as middle frontal area 46. In the human it occupies approximately the middle third of the middle frontal gyrus and the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. Brodmann area 46 roughly corresponds with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), although the borders of area 46 are based on cytoarchitecture rather than function. The DLPFC also encompasses part of granular frontal area 9, directly adjacent on the dorsal surface of the cortex. Cytoarchitecturally, BA46 is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, rostroventrally by the frontopolar area 10 and caudally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909). There is some discrepancy between the extent of BA8 (Brodmann-1905) and the same area as described by Walker (1940)" [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_46]
synonym: "middle frontal area 46" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_46]
synonym: "Area frontalis media" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778]
synonym: "B09-46" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778]
synonym: "Brodmann area 46, middle frontal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778]
synonym: "area 46 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 46" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778]
synonym: "area 46 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68643]
synonym: "middle frontal area 46" EXACT [FMA:68643]
synonym: "Brodmann area 46" EXACT [FMA:68643]
synonym: "BA46" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68643 ! brodmann area 46
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1778 ! Brodmann (1909) area 46
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384806000 ! Entire Brodmann area 46, middle frontal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Brodmann_area_46.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009834 ! dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
name: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
def: "The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC or DLPFC), according to a more restricted definition, is roughly equivalent to Brodmann areas 9 and 46.[1] According to a broader definition DL-PFC consists of the lateral portions of Brodmann areas 9 – 12, of areas 45, 46, and the superior part of area 47.[2] These regions mainly receive their blood supply from the middle cerebral artery. With respect to neurotransmitter systems, there is evidence that dopamine plays a particularly important role in DL-PFC.[2]DL-PFC is connected to the orbitofrontal cortex, and to a variety of brain areas, which include the thalamus, parts of the basal ganglia (the dorsal caudate nucleus), the hippocampus, and primary and secondary association areas of neocortex, including posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas" [Wikipedia:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex]
comment: check dorsolateral prefrontal neocortex
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0006483 ! brodmann (1909) area 46

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006484
name: brodmann (1909) area 47
def: "Brodmann area 47, or BA47, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Curving from the lateral surface of the frontal lobe into the ventral (orbital) frontal cortex. It is below areas BA10 and BA45, and beside BA11. This area is also known as orbital area 47. In the human, on the orbital surface it surrounds the caudal portion of the orbital sulcus (H) from which it extends laterally into the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus (H). Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally by the triangular area 45, medially by the prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909, and rostrally by the frontopolar area 10 (Brodmann-1909). It incorporates the region that Brodmann identified as \"Area 12\" in the monkey, and therefore, following the suggestion of Michael Petrides, some contemporary neuroscientists refer to the region as \"BA47/12. \" BA47 has been implicated in the processing of syntax in spoken and signed languages, and more recently in musical syntax." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_47]
synonym: "Area orbitalis" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_47]
synonym: "Area orbitalis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779]
synonym: "B09-47" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779]
synonym: "Brodmann area 47, orbital" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779]
synonym: "area 47 of Brodmann-1909" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 47" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779]
synonym: "area 47 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:68644]
synonym: "orbital area 47" EXACT [FMA:68644]
synonym: "Brodmann area 47" EXACT [FMA:68644]
synonym: "BA47" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:68644 ! brodmann area 47
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1779 ! Brodmann (1909) area 47
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000956 ! cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384807009 ! Entire Brodmann area 47, orbital

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006485
name: brodmann (1909) area 48
def: "Retrosubicular area 48 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined hippocampal region of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is located on the medial surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitectually it is bounded rostrally by the perirhinal area 35 and medially by the presubiculum. While described by Brodmann (Brodmann-1909), it was not included in his areal maps of human cortex (Brodmann-1909; Brodmann-1910)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_48]
synonym: "Area retrosubicularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791]
synonym: "B09-48" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791]
synonym: "Brodmann area 48, retrosubicular" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 48" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791]
synonym: "area 48 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:81151]
synonym: "brodmann's area 48" EXACT [FMA:81151]
synonym: "retrosubicular area 48" EXACT [FMA:81151]
synonym: "Brodmann area 48" EXACT [FMA:81151]
synonym: "BA48" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:81151 ! brodmann area 48
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1791 ! Brodmann (1909) area 48
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384808004 ! Entire Brodmann area 48, retrosubicular

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006486
name: brodmann (1909) area 52
synonym: "Area parainsularis" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792]
synonym: "B09-52" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792]
synonym: "Brodmann area 52, parainsular" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792]
synonym: "brodmann (1909) area 52" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792]
synonym: "area 52 of brodmann" EXACT [FMA:81153]
synonym: "parainsular area 52" EXACT [FMA:81153]
synonym: "Brodmann area 52" EXACT [FMA:81153]
synonym: "BA52" EXACT ABBREVIATION []
xref: FMA:81153 ! brodmann area 52
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1792 ! Brodmann (1909) area 52
is_a: UBERON:0002619 ! regional part of cerebral cortex
xref: SCTID:384809007 ! Entire Brodmann area 52, parainsular

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006487
name: hadjikhani et al. (1998) visuotopic area v2d
synonym: "hadjikhani et al. (1998) visuotopic area v2d" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4055]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_4055 ! Hadjikhani et al. (1998) Visuotopic area V2d
is_a: UBERON:0003022 ! lobe parts of cerebral cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006494
name: apex of arytenoid
synonym: "arytenoid cartilage apex" EXACT [FMA:55348]
synonym: "apex of arytenoid cartilage" EXACT [FMA:55348]
xref: FMA:55348 ! Apex of arytenoid cartilage
xref: MA:0001760 ! apex of arytenoid
is_a: UBERON:0001996 ! elastic cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage
xref: SCTID:279534007 ! Entire apex of arytenoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006495
name: osseus cochlear canal
synonym: "osseous cochlear canal" EXACT [FMA:75666]
xref: FMA:75666 ! Osseous cochlear canal
xref: MA:0001183 ! osseus cochlear canal
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006496
name: external acoustic meatus osseus part
synonym: "osseous external acoustic meatus" EXACT []
synonym: "osseous part of external acoustic meatus" EXACT [FMA:61290]
synonym: "osseous external acoustic tube" EXACT [FMA:61290]
xref: FMA:61290 ! Osseous external acoustic tube
xref: MA:0001235 ! external acoustic meatus osseus part
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001352 ! external acoustic meatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006508 ! interosseus muscle
name: interosseus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006497 ! pes interosseus muscle
name: pes interosseus muscle
synonym: "foot interosseous" EXACT [FMA:37456]
synonym: "interosseous of foot" EXACT [FMA:37456]
xref: FMA:37456 ! Interosseous of foot
xref: MA:0002302 ! foot interosseus muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0006508 ! interosseus muscle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Interosseous_Muscle ! Foot Interosseous Muscle
xref: SCTID:181714004 ! Interosseous muscle of foot
synonym: "foot interosseus muscle" EXACT [MA:0002302]
def: "An interosseus muscle that is part of a pes." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0448494

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006499
name: dorsal pes interosseus muscle
def: "In human anatomy, the dorsal interossei of the foot are four muscles situated between the metatarsal bones." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot]
synonym: "musculi interossei dorsalis pedis" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal interosseous of foot" EXACT [FMA:37457]
xref: FMA:37457 ! Dorsal interosseous of foot
xref: MA:0002303 ! dorsal foot interosseus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006497 ! pes interosseus muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Foot_Interosseous_Muscle ! Dorsal Foot Interosseous Muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000983 {source="dbpedia"} ! metatarsus region
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0006502 {source="dbpedia"} ! plantar foot interosseus muscle
synonym: "musculi interossei dorsalis pedis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Gray446.png
synonym: "dorsal foot interosseus muscle" EXACT [MA:0002303]
xref: UMLS:C1744541

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006502
name: plantar foot interosseus muscle
def: "The plantar interossei, three in number, lie beneath rather than between the metatarsal bones, and each is connected with but one metatarsal bone. They arise from the bases and medial sides of the bodies of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones, and are inserted into the medial sides of the bases of the first phalanges of the same toes, and into the aponeuroses of the tendons of the Extensor digitorum longus." [Wikipedia:Plantar_interossei_muscles]
synonym: "plantar interosseous of foot" EXACT [FMA:37458]
synonym: "musculi interossei plantares" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37458 ! Plantar interosseous of foot
xref: MA:0002304 ! plantar foot interosseus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006497 ! foot interosseus muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Plantar_Foot_Interosseus_Muscle ! Plantar Foot Interosseus Muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000983 {source="dbpedia"} ! metatarsus region
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0006499 {source="dbpedia"} ! dorsal pes interosseus muscle
synonym: "musculi interosseus plantaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Plantar_interossei_muscles]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Gray447.png
xref: UMLS:C1744540

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006505
name: palmar hand interosseus muscle
def: "The palmar interossei (interossei volares) are small muscles in the hand that lie on the anterior aspect of the metacarpals. They are smaller than the dorsal interossei of the hand, which lie between the metacarpals" [Wikipedia:Palmar_interossei_muscles]
synonym: "palmar interosseous of hand" EXACT [FMA:37419]
synonym: "musculi interossei palmares" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37419 ! Palmar interosseous of hand
xref: MA:0002315 ! palmar hand interosseus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001502 ! interosseous muscle of manus
xref: ncithesaurus:Palmar_Hand_Interosseus_Muscle ! Palmar Hand Interosseus Muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010544 {source="dbpedia"} ! metacarpal skeleton
synonym: "musculi interossei palmares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palmar_interossei_muscles]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gray429.png
xref: UMLS:C1709453

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006535
name: skin fluid/secretion
synonym: "skin fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "skin secretion" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002537
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
def: "A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a zone of skin." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006536
name: male reproductive system fluid/secretion
synonym: "male reproductive system fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "male reproductive system secretion" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002521
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
def: "A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a male reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006537
name: female reproductive system fluid/secretion
synonym: "female reproductive system fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "female reproductive system secretion" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002510
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
def: "A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a female reproductive system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006538
name: respiratory system fluid/secretion
synonym: "respiratory system fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "respiratory system secretion" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002533
xref: ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System_Fluid_or_Secretion ! respiratory system fluid or secretion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0001004 ! respiratory system
def: "A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1514899

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007311
name: sputum
def: "Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
synonym: "expectoration" RELATED  [BTO:0001297]
xref: BTO:0001297 ! sputum
xref: MA:0002536 ! sputum
xref: MESH:A12.200.808
xref: GAID:1171 ! sputum
is_a: UBERON:0006538 ! respiratory system fluid/secretion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006524 ! alveolar system
xref: ncithesaurus:Sputum ! Sputum
xref: UMLS:C0038056

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006539
name: mammary gland fluid/secretion
synonym: "mammary gland fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "mammary gland secretion" RELATED []
synonym: "secretion of mammary gland" RELATED []
synonym: "lactiferous gland fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "lactiferous gland secretion" RELATED []
xref: MA:0002505 ! mammary gland fluid/secretion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
def: "A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a mammary gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001913 ! milk
name: milk
def: "Secretion produced by the mammary gland.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Breast_milk, FMA:FMA]
comment: AO notes: ncit:Milk refers specifically to cow milk
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "mammary gland milk" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000868
xref: ENVO:02000031
xref: FMA:62100 ! Milk
xref: GAID:1230 ! milk
xref: VHOG:0001263 ! milk
xref: MA:0002552 ! mammary gland milk
xref: MAT:0000056 ! milk
xref: MIAA:0000056 ! milk
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: ncithesaurus:Breast_Fluid_or_Secretion ! breast fluid or secretion
xref: galen:Milk ! milk
xref: MESH:A13.622 ! milk
xref: EV:0100126 ! milk
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: secreted_by UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
property_value: homology_notes "The detailed similarities of mammary glands in living monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians argue for a monophyletic origin of these glands, perhaps by the combination of parts of preexisting sebaceous and sweat glands.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001263", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV\, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy\, Function\, Evolution (2006) p.224", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1511310

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001914
name: colostrum
def: "The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates." [MESH:A12.200.194, Wikipedia:Colostrum]
comment: AO notes: we follow in MA in making this is a sib of mammary gland milk, rather than a subclass.
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000276
xref: FMA:62101 ! Colostrum
xref: GAID:1159 ! colostrum
xref: MA:0002551 ! colostrum
xref: ncithesaurus:Colostrum ! Colostrum
xref: MESH:A12.200.194 ! colostrum
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion
relationship: secreted_by UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
property_value: has_relational_adjective "colostral" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0009413

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006541
name: outer medulla inner stripe loop of henle
xref: MA:0002627
xref: EMAPA:29679 ! loop of Henle of inner stripe of outer medulla (also: UBERON:0001288 'loop of Henle')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001288 ! loop of Henle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004201 ! inner stripe
def: "A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla inner stripe." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006542
name: outer medulla outer stripe loop of henle
xref: MA:0002630
xref: EMAPA:29665 ! loop of Henle of outer stripe of outer medulla (also: UBERON:0001288 'loop of Henle')
intersection_of: UBERON:0001288 ! loop of Henle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004202 ! outer stripe
def: "A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla outer stripe." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006564
name: superficial palmar arch
synonym: "Superficial palmar arch" EXACT [FMA:22834]
synonym: "superficial palmar arterial arch" EXACT [FMA:22834]
xref: FMA:22834 ! Superficial palmar arterial arch
xref: MA:0002127 ! superficial palmar arch
is_a: UBERON:0004563 ! forelimb digital vein
synonym: "arcus palmaris superficialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:22834]
xref: ncithesaurus:Superficial_Palmar_Arch ! Superficial Palmar Arch
xref: SCTID:362051006 ! Entire superficial palmar arch
xref: UMLS:C0226433

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006566
name: left ventricle myocardium
def: "Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta.[FMA]" [FMA:9558, FMA:FMA]
synonym: "Left ventricular myocardium" EXACT [FMA:9558]
synonym: "myocardium of left ventricle" EXACT [FMA:9558]
xref: FMA:9558 ! Myocardium of left ventricle
xref: MA:0002983 ! left ventricle myocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001083 ! myocardium of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002084 ! left ventricle
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0003618 ! aorta tunica media
xref: SCTID:362021000 ! Entire myocardium of left ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006567
name: right ventricle myocardium
def: "Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk.[FMA]" [FMA:9535, FMA:FMA]
synonym: "Right ventricular myocardium" EXACT [FMA:9535]
synonym: "myocardium of right ventricle" EXACT [FMA:9535]
xref: FMA:9535 ! Myocardium of right ventricle
xref: MA:0002984 ! right ventricle myocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0001083 ! myocardium of ventricle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002080 ! right ventricle
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0006563 ! tunica media of pulmonary trunk
xref: SCTID:362020004 ! Entire myocardium of right ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006575
name: mantle
def: "A fold or lobe or pair of lobes of the body wall of a mollusk or brachiopod that in shell-bearing forms lines the shell and bears shell-secreting glands." [BTO:0000825, Wipikedia:Mantle_(mollusc)]
synonym: "mantle tissue" RELATED [BTO:0000825]
synonym: "pallium" RELATED [Wipikedia:Mantle_(mollusc)]
xref: BTO:0000825 ! mantle
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006580
name: mantle cavity
def: "Within the shell is a fleshy layer of tissue called the mantle; there is a cavity (the mantle cavity) between the mantle and the body wall proper." [BTO:0000826]
xref: BTO:0000826 ! mantle cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0006575 ! mantle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006575 ! mantle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006581
name: mantle muscle
xref: BTO:0000827 ! mantle muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006575 ! mantle
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a mantle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006595
name: presumptive endoderm
xref: AAO:0000471 ! presumptive endoderm
xref: ZFA:0000416 ! presumptive endoderm
xref: EFO:0003437 ! presumptive endoderm
is_a: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
xref: TAO:0000416 ! presumptive endoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006596
name: presumptive blood
xref: AAO:0000468 ! presumptive blood
xref: ZFA:0000568 ! presumptive blood
xref: EFO:0003439 ! presumptive blood
is_a: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
xref: TAO:0000568 ! presumptive blood

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
name: presumptive structure
synonym: "presumptive structures" EXACT [ZFA:0001116]
xref: AAO:0000479 ! presumptive structure
xref: ZFA:0001116 ! presumptive structure
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
xref: TAO:0001116 ! presumptive structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006599
name: presumptive hypochord
xref: AAO:0000474 ! presumptive hypochord
xref: ZFA:0001217 ! presumptive hypochord
xref: EFO:0003453 ! presumptive hypochord
is_a: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
xref: TAO:0001217 ! presumptive hypochord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006600
name: presumptive enteric nervous system
xref: AAO:0000472 ! presumptive enteric nervous system
xref: ZFA:0001334 ! presumptive enteric nervous system
xref: EFO:0003462 ! presumptive enteric nervous system
is_a: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005428 {source="NBK10065"} ! vagal neural crest
xref: TAO:0001334 ! presumptive enteric nervous system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006601
name: presumptive ectoderm
comment: Editors note: requires review. ZFA def: Presumptive structure at the animal poll of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm via the epiblast. Determined by fate mapping
synonym: "presumptive epidermis" RELATED [ZFA:0001376]
xref: AAO:0000470 ! presumptive ectoderm
xref: ZFA:0001376 ! presumptive ectoderm
xref: EFO:0003466 ! presumptive ectoderm
is_a: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
xref: XAO:0004132 ! presumptive ectoderm
xref: TAO:0001376 ! presumptive ectoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006603
name: presumptive mesoderm
comment: Editors note: requires review
xref: AAO:0000476 ! presumptive mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0001377 ! presumptive mesoderm
xref: EFO:0003467 ! presumptive mesoderm
is_a: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
xref: TAO:0001377 ! presumptive mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006604
name: lamina orbitonasalis
def: "Cranial cartilage which is bilaterally paired and develops as a dorsal plate-like projection of the anterolateral ethmoid plate, which are oriented perpendicular to the ethmoid plate. It fuses dorsally to the taenia marginalis anterior, and it joins the ethmoid cartilage medially." [ZFA:0001503]
synonym: "laminas orbitonasalis" EXACT [ZFA:0001503]
xref: AAO:0000262 ! lamina orbitonasalis
xref: ZFA:0001503 ! lamina orbitonasalis
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! cartilaginous elemenet of chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
xref: TAO:0001503 ! lamina orbitonasalis
property_value: external_definition "In the larva, structure that is fused to the wall of the braincase, lateral to the olfactory foramen, and separates the nasal capsule and orbit. In the adult frog it constitutes the ventral part of postnasal wall.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000262", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006605
name: tectum synoticum
def: "Unpaired thin dorsal sheet of cartilage that partially covers the posterior chondrocranium." [ZFA:0001506]
comment: AAO def - "Roof between frontoparietal foramen and otic capsules, confluent with taenia tecti marginales." [AAO:0010129]. In TAO/ZFA this gives rise to supraoccipital and sphenotic // posterior tectum synoticum in humans - a skull roof element of the chondrocranium - temporarily exists in the territory of the interparietal during fetal life, and may be resposible for the sutura mendosa [PMC1259625]
xref: ZFA:0001506 ! tectum synoticum
is_a: UBERON:0003932 {source="ZFA"} ! cartilage element of chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="ZFA"} ! neurocranium
xref: AAO:0010129 ! tectum synoticum
xref: TAO:0001506 ! tectum synoticum
property_value: external_definition "Roof between frontoparietal foramen and otic capsules, confluent with taenia tecti marginales.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010129", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010129", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of otic and occipital (AAO:0000993)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010129", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006632
name: musculo-phrenic artery
synonym: "musculophrenic artery" EXACT [FMA:10645]
xref: FMA:10645 ! musculophrenic artery
xref: EMAPA:19215 ! musculo-phrenic artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0002456 ! internal thoracic artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002456 ! internal thoracic artery
xref: SCTID:244242003 ! Entire musculophrenic artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006634
name: lingual vein
def: "The lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein. The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein), a branch of considerable size, begins below the tip of the tongue, and may join the lingual; generally, however, it passes backward on the Hyoglossus, and joins the common facial." [Wikipedia:Lingual_veins]
synonym: "deep lingual veins" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lingual_veins]
synonym: "lingual vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lingual_veins]
synonym: "ranine" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lingual_veins]
synonym: "ranine vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lingual_veins]
xref: FMA:14326 ! Lingual vein
xref: EMAPA:19312 ! lingual vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: AAO:0010514 ! lingual vein
xref: SCTID:181375007 ! Entire lingual vein
synonym: "vena lingualis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lingual_veins]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Gray559.png
property_value: external_definition "Vein which collects blood from the tongue and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010514", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006635 ! anterior abdominal wall
name: anterior abdominal wall
synonym: "ventral abdominal wall" EXACT []
xref: FMA:14627 ! Anterior abdominal wall
xref: EMAPA:17744 ! anterior abdominal wall
xref: VHOG:0000764 ! anterior abdominal wall
xref: EHDAA:5976 ! anterior abdominal wall
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003697 ! abdominal wall
xref: SCTID:362696003 ! Entire anterior abdominal wall

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006636
name: lumbar artery
def: "The lumbar arteries are in series with the intercostals. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrC&. A fifth pair, small in size, is occasionally present: they arise from the middle sacral artery. They run lateralward and backward on the bodies of the lumbar vertebrC&, behind the sympathetic trunk, to the intervals between the adjacent transverse processes, and are then continued into the abdominal wall. The arteries of the right side pass behind the inferior vena cava, and the upper two on each side run behind the corresponding crus of the diaphragm. The arteries of both sides pass beneath the tendinous arches which give origin to the Psoas major, and are then continued behind this muscle and the lumbar plexus. They now cross the Quadratus lumborum, the upper three arteries running behind, the last usually in front of the muscle. At the lateral border of the Quadratus lumborum they pierce the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis and are carried forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus. They anastomose with the lower intercostal, the subcostal, the iliolumbar, the deep iliac circumflex, and the inferior epigastric arteries." [Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries]
synonym: "arteria lumbalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries]
synonym: "lumbar artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries]
synonym: "Lumbar arterial tree" EXACT [FMA:14735]
xref: FMA:14735 ! Lumbar artery
xref: EMAPA:19096 ! lumbar artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001516 {source="Wikipedia"} ! abdominal aorta
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Artery ! Lumbar Artery
xref: SCTID:244285007 ! Entire lumbar artery
synonym: "arteriae lumbales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png
xref: UMLS:C0226408

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006637
name: coeliac trunk
def: "The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta 'anterior to the upper part of T12' vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta." [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "arteria celiaca" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "celiac axis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "celiac trunk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "coeliac axis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "coeliac trunck" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "coeliac trunk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "truncus coeliacus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Celiac_artery]
synonym: "coeliac trunk" EXACT [FMA:14812]
synonym: "coeliaco-mesenteric trunk" EXACT [FMA:14812]
synonym: "Haller's tripus" EXACT [FMA:14812]
xref: FMA:14812 ! Celiac trunk
xref: EMAPA:19212 ! coeliac trunk
is_a: UBERON:0000063 ! organ segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001640 ! celiac artery
xref: galen:CeliacTrunk
xref: EHDAA2:0004519 ! coeliac trunk (also: UBERON:0001640 'celiac artery')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006638
name: median umbilical ligament
def: "The median umbilical ligament is a structure in human anatomy. It is a shrivelled piece of tissue that represents the remnant of the embryonic urachus. It extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus, on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall. It is unpaired. It is covered by the median umbilical fold Lateral to this structure are the medial umbilical ligament (which is a different structure, not to be confused) and the lateral umbilical ligament." [Wikipedia:Median_umbilical_ligament]
synonym: "median umbilical fold" RELATED [Wikipedia:Median_umbilical_ligament]
synonym: "middle umbilical ligament" RELATED [Wikipedia:Median_umbilical_ligament]
xref: FMA:16568 ! Median umbilical ligament
xref: EMAPA:29637 ! median umbilical ligament
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 ! urinary system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002068 ! urachus
xref: SCTID:89583000 ! Middle umbilical ligament
synonym: "ligamentum umbilicale medianum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Median_umbilical_ligament]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Gray1036.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006639
name: crus penis
def: "For their anterior three-fourths the corpora cavernosa penis lie in intimate apposition with one another, but behind they diverge in the form of two tapering processes, known as the crura, which are firmly connected to the ischial rami. Traced from behind forward, each crus begins by a blunt-pointed process in front of the tuberosity of the ischium, along the perineal surface of the conjoined (ischiopubic) ramus. Just before it meets its fellow it presents a slight enlargement, named by Georg Ludwig Kobelt (1804-1857) the bulb of the corpus cavernosum penis. Beyond this point the crus undergoes a constriction and merges into the corpus cavernosum proper, which retains a uniform diameter to its anterior end." [Wikipedia:Crus_of_penis]
synonym: "crus of penis" EXACT [FMA:18248]
synonym: "crura of penis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Crus_of_penis]
xref: FMA:18248 ! Crus penis
xref: EMAPA:19294 ! crus penis
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004713 ! corpus cavernosum penis
xref: SCTID:362270006 ! Entire crus penis
synonym: "crus penis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Crus_of_penis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Gray1154.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006640
name: crus of clitoris
def: "The clitoral crura are an internal portion of the clitoris. A single one is called a clitoral crus. They are shaped like an inverted \"V\" with the vertex of the \"V\" connecting to the clitoral body. They are near the vestibular bulbs, also known as the clitoral bulbs. They are to the left and right of the urethra, urethral sponge, and vagina and extend back toward the pubic bone. The clitoral crura contain muscles called the ischiocavernosi. \"Crus\" basically translates as \"leg\", thus \"crura\" as \"legs\". Each clitoral crus connects to the rami of the pubis and the ischium. The crura, like the rest of the clitoris, are composed of two corpus cavernosa muscles, which are made up of erectile tissue." [Wikipedia:Crus_of_clitoris]
synonym: "crura of clitoris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Clitoral_crura]
synonym: "crus clitoridis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Clitoral_crura]
synonym: "crus of clitoris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Clitoral_crura]
synonym: "Clitoris crus" EXACT [FMA:20175]
xref: FMA:20175 ! Crus of clitoris
xref: EMAPA:19169 ! crus of clitoris of genital tubercle of female
xref: EMAPA:30821 ! crus of clitoris of clitoris
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006608 ! corpus cavernosum clitoridis
xref: SCTID:279860002 ! Entire crus of clitoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Clitoris_inner_anatomy.gif

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006641
name: appendix epididymis
def: "On the head of the epididymis is a small stalked appendage (sometimes duplicated). It is named the appendix of the epididymis (or pedunculated hydatid), and is usually regarded as a detached efferent duct. This structure is derived from the Wolffian duct as opposed to the appendix testis which is derived from the mullerian duct remnant." [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_epididymidis]
synonym: "appendix epididymis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_epididymidis]
synonym: "appendix of the epididymis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_epididymidis]
synonym: "epididymal appendix" EXACT [FMA:18268]
synonym: "epididymis appendix" EXACT [FMA:18268]
xref: FMA:18268 ! Appendix of epididymis
xref: EMAPA:19086 ! appendix epididymis
is_a: UBERON:0005160 ! vestigial structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003074 ! wolffian duct
synonym: "appendix epididymidis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_epididymidis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray1148.png
synonym: "appendix of epididymis" EXACT [FMA:18268]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006642
name: muscle layer of oviduct
synonym: "muscle layer of fallopian tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "muscle layer of oviduct" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "muscular coat of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "muscular layer of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "muscularis of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (Tuba uterina)" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "uterine tubal muscularis" EXACT [FMA:18318]
xref: FMA:18318 ! Muscle layer of uterine tube
xref: EMAPA:29046 ! muscle layer of oviduct
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003889 ! fallopian tube
synonym: "tunica muscularis tubae uterinae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:18318]
xref: SCTID:259488000 ! Entire uterine tubal muscularis
synonym: "muscle layer of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
def: "A muscle layer that is part of a fallopian tube." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006610 ! tunica albuginea
name: tunica albuginea
def: "White covering over one of: penis, testicles or ovaries." [Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea]
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003133 ! reproductive organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006643
name: tunica albuginea of testis
def: "The Tunica Albuginea is the fibrous covering of the testis. It is a dense blue-white membrane, composed of bundles of white fibrous tissue which interlace in every direction. It is covered by the tunica vaginalis, except at the points of attachment of the epididymis to the testis, and along its posterior border, where the spermatic vessels enter the gland. It is applied to the tunica vasculosa over the glandular substance of the testis, and, at its posterior border, is reflected into the interior of the gland, forming an incomplete vertical septum, called the mediastinum testis (corpus Highmori)." [Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis_%28ovaries%29_%28penis%29_of_testis]
synonym: "tunica albuginea %28testicles%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis]
synonym: "tunica albuginea (testis)" EXACT [FMA:19843]
synonym: "tunica albuginea" BROAD [ncithesaurus:Tunica_Albuginea, VHOG:0000801, EHDAA2:0002096]
xref: FMA:19843 ! Tunica albuginea of testis
xref: EMAPA:19289 ! tunica albuginea of testis
xref: EHDAA2:0002096 ! tunica albuginea
xref: EHDAA:9388 ! tunica albuginea
xref: VHOG:0000801 ! tunica albuginea 
xref: ncithesaurus:Tunica_Albuginea ! Tunica Albuginea
is_a: UBERON:0007475 {source="EHDAA2"} ! matrix-based tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0006610 ! tunica albuginea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000473 ! testis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003312 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme of testis
xref: SCTID:279604006 ! Entire tunica albuginea of testis
synonym: "tunica albuginea testis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis]
property_value: external_definition "The layer of connective tissue covering the testicles. [Wikipedia_(15/09/09)][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0000801", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tunica albuginea testis is the major component of the capsule of mammalian testes. (...) Our results from studying the mole provide evidence that the spatio-temporal pattern of testis development is not perfectly conserved in mammals, since we found differences with respect to the mouse testis organogenesis. This fact is even more significant when we consider that, apart from the mouse, the mole is probably the one of the best-known mammalian species in terms of the genetic control of testis development, implying that more peculiarities would be found if more species were investigated.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000801", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1387/ijdb.072470fc The spatio-temporal pattern of testis organogenesis in mammals - insights from the mole. The International Journal of Developmental Biology (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0227999

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006644
name: tunica albuginea of ovary
def: "The tunica albuginea is the fibrous envelope of the corpora cavernosa penis. It is comprised of approximately 5% elastin, an extensible tissue that is primarily made up of the amino acids glycine, valine, alanine, and proline. The majority of the remaining tissue is comprised of collagen, which is made up of lysine, proline, glycine, alanine, and other amino acids . The tunica albuginea is directly involved in maintaining an erection; that is due to Buck's fascia constricting the deep dorsal vein of the penis, preventing blood from leaving and thus sustaining the erect state. The trabeculC& of the tunica albuginea are more delicate, nearly uniform in size, and the meshes between them smaller than in the corpora cavernosa penis: their long diameters, for the most part, corresponding with that of the penis. The external envelope or outer coat of the corpus spongiosum is formed partly of unstriped muscular fibers, and a layer of the same tissue immediately surrounds the canal of the urethra." [Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_of_testis_%28ovaries%29_%28penis%29_%28penis%29]
xref: FMA:18630 ! Tunica albuginea of ovary
xref: EMAPA:30522 ! tunica albuginea of ovary
intersection_of: UBERON:0006610 ! tunica albuginea
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001307 ! capsule of ovary
xref: SCTID:258409003 ! Entire tunica albuginea of ovary
synonym: "tunica albuginea corporum cavernosorum, tunica albuginea corporis spongiosi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tunica_albuginea_%28penis%29]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006645
name: adventitia of epididymis
synonym: "epididymis adventitia" EXACT [FMA:19136]
xref: FMA:19136 ! Adventitia of epididymis
xref: EMAPA:30443 ! adventitia of epididymis
intersection_of: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
def: "An adventitia that is part of a epididymis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006646
name: muscle layer of epididymis
xref: FMA:19149 ! Muscle layer of epididymis
xref: EMAPA:30447 ! muscle layer of epididymis of epididymis
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
def: "A muscle layer that is part of a epididymis." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006647
name: adventitia of ductus deferens
synonym: "adventitia of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:19238]
synonym: "adventitia of vas deferens" EXACT [FMA:19238]
synonym: "deferent ductal adventitia" EXACT [FMA:19238]
synonym: "tunica adventitia (ductus deferens)" EXACT [FMA:19238]
xref: FMA:19238 ! Adventitia of deferent duct
xref: EMAPA:29767 ! adventitia of ductus deferens
intersection_of: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001000 ! vas deferens
synonym: "tunica adventitia ductus deferentis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19238]
xref: SCTID:299803005 ! Entire adventitia of vas deferens
synonym: "adventitia of deferent duct" EXACT [FMA:19238]
def: "An adventitia that is part of a vas deferens." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006648
name: adventitia of seminal vesicle
synonym: "adventitia of seminal gland" EXACT [FMA:19403]
synonym: "seminal vesicle adventitia" EXACT [FMA:19403]
synonym: "tunica adventitia (vesicula seminalis)" EXACT [FMA:19403]
xref: FMA:19403 ! Adventitia of seminal vesicle
xref: EMAPA:29775 ! adventitia of seminal vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000998 ! seminal vesicle
synonym: "tunica adventitia glandulae vesiculosae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19403]
xref: SCTID:252406002 ! Entire adventitia of seminal vesicle
def: "An adventitia that is part of a seminal vesicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012504
name: adventitia of esophagus
synonym: "adventitia of oesophagus" EXACT  [FMA:63006]
synonym: "adventitious layer of esophagus" EXACT  [FMA:63006]
synonym: "esophageal adventitia" EXACT  [FMA:63006]
synonym: "esophagus adventitia" EXACT  [FMA:63006]
synonym: "tunica adventitia (esophagus)" EXACT  [FMA:63006]
synonym: "tunica adventitia oesophageae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "esophageal adventitia" EXACT  [SCTID:85950006]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005742 ! adventitia
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
xref: FMA:63006 ! adventitia of esophagus
xref: SCTID:85950006 ! Esophageal adventitia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006649
name: suspensory ligament of ovary
def: "A fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis. " [Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments_of_penis_of_ovary]
comment: Some sources consider it a part of the broad ligament of uterus[2] while other sources just consider it a "termination" of the ligament.[3]
synonym: "infundibulopelvic fold" EXACT [FMA:19822]
synonym: "infundibulopelvic ligament" EXACT [FMA:19822]
xref: FMA:19822 ! Suspensory ligament of ovary
xref: EMAPA:19085 ! suspensory ligament of ovary
is_a: UBERON:0008841 {source="Obol"} ! suspensory ligament
is_a: UBERON:0002095 {source="FMA"} ! mesentery
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000080 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesonephros
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003074 {source="Wikipedia"} ! mesonephric duct
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008847 ! ovarian ligament
xref: SCTID:279917007 ! Entire suspensory ligament of ovary

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010391 ! parametrium
name: parametrium
def: "In women, the supravaginal portion of the cervix is separated in front from the bladder by fibrous tissue, the parametrium, which extends also on to its sides and laterally between the layers of the broad ligaments. The uterine artery and ovarian ligament are located in the parametrium. Inflammation causes Parametritis." [Wikipedia:Parametrium]
comment: subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the broad ligament[MP] - todo - check relationships
is_a: UBERON:0002095 {source="FMA"} ! mesentery
xref: FMA:77061 ! parametrium
xref: SCTID:280455005 ! Entire parametrium
xref: ncithesaurus:Parametrium ! parametrium
xref: UMLS:C0227822

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008847 ! ovarian ligament
name: ovarian ligament
def: "a fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus." [Wikipedia:Ovarian_ligament]
comment: The ligament runs in the broad ligament of the uterus, which is a fold of peritoneum rather than a fibrous ligament. Specifically, it is located in the parametrium
synonym: "ligament of ovary" EXACT  [FMA:55422]
synonym: "ligamentum ovarii proprium" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "proper ovarian ligament" EXACT  [FMA:55422]
is_a: UBERON:0008845 {source="FMA"} ! nonskeletal ligament
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
xref: FMA:55422 ! ovarian ligament
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004346 {source="Wikipedia"} ! gubernaculum
xref: SCTID:279915004 ! Ligament of ovary

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012331
name: mesosalpinx
def: "The mesosalpinx is part of the lining of the abdominal cavity in higher vertebrates, specifically the portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the uterine tube to the level of the ovary." [Wikipedia:Mesosalpinx]
is_a: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012332 ! broad ligament of uterus
xref: FMA:19808 ! mesosalpinx
xref: SCTID:279900000 ! Entire mesosalpinx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012332
name: broad ligament of uterus
def: "A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis[MESH]." [MESH:A02.513.170, Wikipedia:Broad_ligament_of_the_uterus]
synonym: "broad ligament" RELATED  [MESH:A02.513.170]
synonym: "broad uterine ligament" EXACT  [FMA:16516]
is_a: UBERON:0000211 {source="MESH"} ! ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
xref: FMA:16516 ! broad ligament of uterus
xref: ncithesaurus:Broad_Ligament ! broad ligament
xref: MESH:A02.513.170 ! broad ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Broad_Ligament ! broad ligament
xref: SCTID:362723009 ! Entire broad ligament
xref: UMLS:C0006205

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001342
name: mesovarium
def: "The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom[VHOG]." [Wikipedia:Mesovarium, VHOG:0001566]
synonym: "mesovarian ligament" RELATED []
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:19815 ! Mesovarium
xref: TAO:0000333 ! mesovarium
xref: ZFA:0000333 ! mesovarium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray1111.png/200px-Gray1111.png
xref: EMAPA:17961 ! mesovarium
is_a: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012332 ! broad ligament of uterus
xref: VHOG:0001566 ! mesovarium
xref: AAO:0010531 ! mesovarium
xref: SCTID:279914000 ! Entire mesovarium
xref: ncithesaurus:Mesovarian_Ligament ! mesovarium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Gray1111.png
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure consisting of a membrane which suspends the ovaries from the mesial side of the kidney.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010531", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BJB"}
property_value: external_definition "The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.560, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001566", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0230310

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012333
name: ovarian bursa
def: "a pouch formed by the mesosalpinx and the mesovarium that encloses the infundibulum of the uterine tube and the ovary" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ovarian]
comment: Ovaries of some animals are surrounded by a thin membranous sac, the bursa, and are isolated from the peritoneal cavity. The bursa is continuous with the orifice of the oviduct. The bursa is not continuous in other mammals (eg., farm animals and human beings); ovaries of these species can be exposed within the abdomen, and thus ectopic pregnancy is possible[http://www.uwyo.edu/wjm/repro/femanat.htm]
xref: SCTID:250080006 ! Entire ovarian bursa
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006650
name: tunica vaginalis testis
def: "The tunica vaginalis is the serous covering of the testis. It is a pouch of serous membrane, derived from the saccus vaginalis of the peritoneum, which in the fetus preceded the descent of the testis from the abdomen into the scrotum. After its descent, that portion of the pouch which extends from the abdominal inguinal ring to near the upper part of the gland becomes obliterated; the lower portion remains as a shut sac, which invests the surface of the testis, and is reflected on to the internal surface of the scrotum; hence it may be described as consisting of a visceral and a parietal lamina." [Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis]
comment: We follow FMA is classifying as membranous layer - but this does not account for relationship to mesolthelium (subclass or has part?). The FMA also has 'sac of tunica vaginalis', which is a serous sac
synonym: "lamina parietalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis]
synonym: "lamina visceralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis]
synonym: "tunica vaginalis testis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis]
synonym: "tunica vaginalis testis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tunica_vaginalis]
synonym: "tunica vaginalis of testis" EXACT [FMA:19844]
synonym: "tunica vaginalis" RELATED []
xref: FMA:19844 ! Tunica vaginalis of testis
xref: FMA:15863 ! Tunica vaginalis (membrane)
xref: EMAPA:19179 ! tunica vaginalis testis
xref: SCTID:362281009 ! Entire tunica vaginalis
is_a: UBERON:0000158 {source="FMA"} ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000473 {source="EMAPA"} ! testis
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005344 {source="Wikipedia"} ! peritoneal vaginal process
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray1148.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013247 ! male paramesonephric duct
name: male paramesonephric duct
synonym: "degenerating mesonephric portion of male paramesonephric duct" RELATED [EMAPA:29161]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003914 ! epithelial tube
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003890 ! Mullerian duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000079 ! male reproductive system
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003890 {source="EHDAA2"} ! Mullerian duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 {source="EHDAA2"} ! male reproductive system
xref: EHDAA2:0001052 ! male paramesonephric duct
xref: EMAPA:29161 ! degenerating mesonephric portion of male paramesonephric duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006651
name: appendix testis
def: "The appendix testis is a vestigial remnant of the Mullerian duct, present on the upper pole of the testis and attached to the tunica vaginalis. It is present about 90% of the time." [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis]
comment: Editor notes: the label hydatid of morgagni is ambiguous w.r.t male vs female. The ncita structure 'hydatic of morgani[sic]' is male and thus belongs here. See also 'vesicular appendage of epoophoron'
synonym: "appendices testis" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis]
synonym: "appendix of the testis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis]
synonym: "appendix testis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis]
synonym: "testis appendix" EXACT [FMA:19846]
synonym: "hydatid of Morgagni" BROAD [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hydatid+of+Morgagni]
synonym: "hydatid of Morgani" BROAD []
synonym: "appendix vesiculosus" RELATED  [FMA:18696]
synonym: "hydatid of morgagni" BROAD  [FMA:18696]
xref: FMA:19846 ! Appendix of testis
xref: EMAPA:19087 ! appendix testis
xref: ncithesaurus:Hydatid_of_Morgani ! hydatid of morgani
is_a: UBERON:0006590 ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0013247 {source="cjm"} ! male paramesonephric duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000079 {source="EMAPA"} ! male reproductive system
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0006650 {source="Wikipedia"} ! tunica vaginalis testis
xref: SCTID:279601003 ! Appendix of testis
synonym: "appendix testis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Appendix_of_testis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray1148.png
synonym: "appendix of testis" EXACT [FMA:19846]
property_value: external_definition "a cystlike remnant of the müllerian duct on the upper end of the testis; corresponding female structure: one of the small pedunculated structures attached to the uterine tubes near their fimbriated end; remnants of the mesonephric ducts[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]." xsd:string {source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hydatid+of+Morgagni"}
xref: UMLS:C1512521

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013250
name: vesicular appendage of epoophoron
def: "In connection with the fimbriae of the uterine tube, or with the broad ligament close to them, there are frequently one or more small pedunculated vesicles. These are termed the vesicular appendages of the epoophoron." [Wikipedia:Vesicular_appendages_of_epoophoron]
synonym: "appendices vesiculosae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vesicular_appendages_of_epoophoron]
synonym: "appendix vesiculosus" EXACT  [FMA:18696]
synonym: "hydatid of Morgagni" BROAD  [FMA:18696]
synonym: "hydatid of Morgagni" BROAD  [Wikipedia:Hydatid_of_Morgagni]
synonym: "vesicular appendage of epoophoron" RELATED [FMA:18696]
synonym: "vesicular appendage of epoöphoron" RELATED []
synonym: "appendage of epoophoron" RELATED []
synonym: "appendage of epoöphoron" RELATED []
synonym: "appendices vesiculosae epoophori" RELATED LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0006590 {source="FMA"} ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003890 {source="Wikipedia", notes="cranial end"} ! Mullerian duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
xref: FMA:18696 ! vesicular appendage of epoophoron
property_value: external_definition "one of the small pedunculated structures attached to the uterine tubes near their fimbriated end; remnants of the mesonephric ducts[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]." xsd:string {source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hydatid+of+Morgagni"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011199
name: prostatic utricle
def: "a small indentation located in the prostatic urethra, at the apex of the urethral crest, on the seminal colliculus (verumontanum), laterally flanked by openings of the ejaculatory ducts. It is also known as the vagina masculina or (in older literature) vesicula prostatica. It is often described as \"blind,\" meaning that it is a duct that does not lead to any other structures. It can sometimes be enlarged." [Wikipedia:Prostatic_utricle]
comment: Editor notes: add df relations. Check mesopnephric duct
synonym: "uterus masculinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Prostatic_utricle]
synonym: "utriculus prostaticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Prostatic_utricle]
synonym: "vagina masculina" RELATED [Wikipedia:Prostatic_utricle]
synonym: "vesicula prostatica" RELATED [Wikipedia:Prostatic_utricle]
synonym: "sinus pocularis" EXACT  [FMA:19702]
synonym: "uterus masculinus" EXACT  [FMA:19702]
synonym: "utricle of prostate" EXACT  [FMA:19702]
synonym: "utriculus of prostate" EXACT  [FMA:19702]
synonym: "vagina masculina" EXACT  [FMA:19702]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001335 {source="FMA"} ! prostatic urethra
xref: FMA:19702 ! prostatic utricle
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Utricle ! prostatic utricle
xref: SCTID:197909004 ! Entire prostatic utricle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray1153.png
xref: UMLS:C0227736

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013262
name: remnnant of ductus deferens
def: "remnant in a female of the portion of the embryonic mesonephric duct that develops into the ductus deferens in males." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=98549]
synonym: "ductus deferens vestigialis" EXACT LATIN  []
synonym: "ductus deferens vestige" EXACT  [FMA:76609]
synonym: "vestige of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:76609]
is_a: UBERON:0006590 {source="FMA"} ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003890 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Mullerian duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system
xref: FMA:76609 ! Vestige of ductus deferens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013277
name: remnant of processus vaginalis
def: "incompletely obliterated remnants of the vaginal process of the peritoneum remaining in the spermatic cord." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=98550]
synonym: "processus vaginalis vestige" EXACT  [FMA:77300]
synonym: "vestige of processus vaginalis" EXACT [FMA:77300]
is_a: UBERON:0006590 {source="FMA"} ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005352 ! spermatic cord
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005344 ! peritoneal vaginal process
xref: FMA:77300 ! vestige of processus vaginalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013278
name: canal of Nuck
def: "A patent pouch of peritoneum extending into the labia majora of women. It is analogous to the processus vaginalis in males. The pouch accompanies the gubernaculum during development of the urinary and reproductive organs, more specifically during the descent of the ovaries, and normally obliterates." [Wikipedia:Canal_of_Nuck]
synonym: "processus vaginalis peritonei femininus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Canal_of_Nuck]
synonym: "persistent processus vaginalis" RELATED [MP:0009217]
synonym: "canal of nuck" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canal_of_Nuck]
synonym: "nuck%27s canal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canal_of_Nuck]
is_a: UBERON:0006590 {source="cjm"} ! vestigial embryonic structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005344 ! peritoneal vaginal process
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000474 ! female reproductive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006652
name: muscular layer of vagina
synonym: "muscular coat of vagina" EXACT [FMA:19976]
synonym: "tunica muscularis vaginae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:19976]
synonym: "vaginal muscularis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:19976 ! Muscular layer of vagina
xref: EMAPA:30997 ! muscular layer of vagina
xref: SCTID:253069005 ! Entire vaginal muscularis
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
def: "A muscle tissue that is part of a vagina." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006654
name: perineal body
def: "The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle . It is found in both males and females. In males, it is found between the bulb of penis and the anus; in females, is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm in front of the latter. The perineal body is essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor, particularly in females. Its rupture during delivery leads to widening of the gap between the anterior free borders of levator ani muscle of both sides, thus predisposing the woman to prolapse of the uterus, rectum, or even the urinary bladder." [Wikipedia:Perineal_body]
synonym: "central tendinous point" RELATED [Wikipedia:Perineal_body]
synonym: "central tendinous point of the perineum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Perineal_body]
synonym: "central tendon of perineum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Perineal_body]
synonym: "central tendon of perineum" EXACT [FMA:20274]
xref: FMA:20274 ! Perineal body
xref: EMAPA:17892 ! perineal body of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:18921 ! perineal body of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002356 ! perineum
xref: SCTID:367754000 ! Entire perineal body
synonym: "corpus perineale, centrum tendineum perinei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Perineal_body]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Gray408.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006655
name: septum of scrotum
synonym: "Scrotal septum" EXACT [FMA:20729]
xref: FMA:20729 ! Septum of scrotum
xref: EMAPA:29745 ! septum of scrotum
is_a: UBERON:0003037 ! septum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001300 ! scrotum
xref: SCTID:279591002 ! Entire scrotal septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006656
name: deep dorsal vein of penis
xref: FMA:21354 ! Deep dorsal vein of penis
xref: EMAPA:19219 ! deep dorsal vein of penis
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000989 ! penis
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001317 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal iliac vein
xref: SCTID:55433007 ! Entire deep dorsal vein of penis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006657
name: glenoid fossa
def: "Anatomical cavity for the proximal articular surface of the proximal limb or fin element with the scapulocoracoid or equivalent structure." [Wikipedia:Glenoid_cavity, PHENOSCAPE:ad]
comment: Taxon notes: The glenoid fossa can be associated with the metapterygium in sarcopterygians, or either the meso- or propterygium in basal gnathostomes such as Chondrichthyans[ad]. AO notes: FMA also has classes for the bony parts around the cavity - these may be more useful than the cavity term itself
synonym: "glenoid cavity" RELATED [AAO:0000749]
synonym: "cavitus glenoidalis" EXACT [FMA:23275]
synonym: "glenoid cavity" EXACT [FMA:23275]
synonym: "glenoid cavity of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23275]
synonym: "cavitas glenoidalis scapulae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:23275]
synonym: "cavitas glenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Glenoid_cavity]
xref: FMA:23275 ! Glenoid fossa
xref: EMAPA:25122 ! glenoid fossa
xref: AAO:0000749 ! glenoid fossa
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001124 {notes="to be revised after scapulocoracoid fixes"} ! pectoral limb scapula
xref: ncithesaurus:Glenoid_Fossa ! Glenoid Fossa
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Gray328.png
property_value: external_definition "Cavity for the articulation of the forelimb formed by the scapula, coracoid, and clavicle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000749", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of scapular area (AAO:0000935)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000749", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: SCTID:181914008 ! Entire glenoid cavity of scapula
xref: UMLS:C1261046

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010760
name: supraglenoid tubercle
def: "The supraglenoid tubercle is a region of the scapula to which the long head of the biceps brachii muscle attaches." [Wikipedia:Supraglenoid_tubercle]
synonym: "supraglenoid tuberosity" EXACT  [FMA:23263]
is_a: UBERON:0005813 {source="FMA"} ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006633 ! coracoid process
xref: FMA:23263 ! supraglenoid tubercle
synonym: "tuberculum supraglenoidale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Supraglenoid_tubercle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006658
name: inter-phalangeal joint
xref: FMA:42765 ! interphalangeal joint
synonym: "interphalangeal joint" EXACT [FMA:42765]
synonym: "inter-phalanx joint" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003221 {cardinality="2"} ! phalanx
relationship: connects UBERON:0003221 {notes="two phalanges in series"} ! phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002544 {source="cjm"} ! digit
xref: galen:InterphalangealJoint ! interphalangeal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009767 ! proximal interphalangeal joint
name: proximal interphalangeal joint
synonym: "PIP joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "PIJ joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
relationship: connects UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
xref: FMA:65022 ! proximal interphalangeal joint
def: "An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a proximal phalanx." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009768 ! distal interphalangeal joint
name: distal interphalangeal joint
synonym: "DIP joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "DIJ joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
relationship: connects UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
xref: FMA:65024 ! distal interphalangeal joint
def: "An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a distal phalanx." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007721
name: interphalangeal joint of pes
def: "The interphalangeal articulations of the foot (articulations of the phalanges) are ginglymoid joints, and each has a plantar and two collateral ligaments. The arrangement of these ligaments is similar to that in the metatarsophalangeal articulations: the Extensor tendons supply the places of dorsal ligaments." [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_foot]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35225]
synonym: "foot interphalangeal joint" EXACT  [MESH:A02.835.583.378.900]
synonym: "toe joint" RELATED  [MESH:A02.835.583.378.900]
xref: FMA:35225 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
intersection_of: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001466 ! pedal digit
relationship: connects UBERON:0001449 {cardinality="2"} ! phalanx of pes
relationship: connects UBERON:0001449 {notes="two in series"} ! phalanx of pes
xref: ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint_of_the_Foot ! Interphalangeal Joint of the Foot
xref: ncithesaurus:Toe_Joint ! toe joint
xref: SCTID:182225005 ! Entire interphalangeal joint of toe
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.378.900 ! toe joint
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35225]
xref: UMLS:C0040356

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007722
name: interphalangeal joint of manus
def: "The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb): \"proximal interphalangeal joints\" (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges \"distal interphalangeal joints\" (DIP), those between the second and third (distal) phalanges A similar group of articulations also function in the toes." [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
comment: Editor notes: consider renaming: 'finger' is ambiguous as the term in some usages excludes the thumb (we include it)
synonym: "IP joint" RELATED  [FMA:35285]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35285]
synonym: "articulations of the digits" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "interphalangeal articulations of hand" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "interphalangeal joints of hand" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "articulationes interphalangeae manus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "articulationes digitorum manus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
xref: FMA:35285 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002389 ! manual digit
relationship: connects UBERON:0001436 {cardinality="2"} ! phalanx of manus
relationship: connects UBERON:0001436 {notes="two in series"} ! phalanx of manus
xref: ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint_of_the_Hand ! Interphalangeal Joint of the Hand
xref: SCTID:303280009 ! Entire interphalangeal joint of hand
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35285]
xref: UMLS:C0016125

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007723
name: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 1
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of first digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35312]
comment: Taxon notes: in humans, this connects proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb, so there is only a single inter-phalangeal joint - i.e. there is no distinct proximal and distal joints
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of hand digit 1" EXACT  []
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of manual digit 1" EXACT  []
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of pollex" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:35312 ! interphalangeal joint of thumb
xref: EMAPA:25058 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 1 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
relationship: connects UBERON:0003620 {cardinality="2"} ! manual digit 1 phalanx
xref: SCTID:182192008 ! Entire interphalangeal joint of thumb
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of thumb" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35312]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007724
name: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 1
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of first digit of pes" EXACT  [FMA:35353]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of great toe" EXACT  [FMA:35353]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of foot digit 1" EXACT  []
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 1" EXACT  []
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of hallux" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:35353 ! interphalangeal joint of big toe
xref: EMAPA:26430 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 1 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003631 ! pedal digit 1
relationship: connects UBERON:0003640 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 1 phalanx
xref: SCTID:363671008 ! Entire interphalangeal joint of great toe
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of first digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35353]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of big toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35353]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007725
name: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 2
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of second digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35356]
xref: FMA:35356 ! interphalangeal joint of second toe
xref: EMAPA:26448 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 2 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003632 ! pedal digit 2
relationship: connects UBERON:0003641 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 2 phalanx
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of second toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35356]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007726
name: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of third digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35359]
xref: FMA:35359 ! interphalangeal joint of third toe
xref: EMAPA:26454 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 3 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003633 ! pedal digit 3
relationship: connects UBERON:0003642 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 3 phalanx
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of third toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35359]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007727
name: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35362]
xref: FMA:35362 ! interphalangeal joint of fourth toe
xref: EMAPA:26466 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 4 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003634 ! pedal digit 4
relationship: connects UBERON:0003862 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 4 phalanx
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fourth toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35362]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007728
name: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot" EXACT  [FMA:35365]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fifth toe" EXACT  [FMA:35365]
xref: FMA:35365 ! interphalangeal joint of little toe
xref: EMAPA:26478 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 5 of hind-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003635 ! pedal digit 5
relationship: connects UBERON:0003863 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 5 phalanx
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of little toe" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35365]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007729
name: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 2
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of second digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35397]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of second finger" EXACT  [FMA:35397]
xref: FMA:35397 ! interphalangeal joint of index finger
xref: EMAPA:25061 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 2 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003622 {source="EMAPA"} ! manual digit 2
relationship: connects UBERON:0003641 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 2 phalanx
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of index finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35397]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007730
name: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 3
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of third digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35400]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of third finger" EXACT  [FMA:35400]
xref: FMA:35400 ! interphalangeal joint of middle finger
xref: EMAPA:25064 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 3 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
relationship: connects UBERON:0003642 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 3 phalanx
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of middle finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35400]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007731
name: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 4
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35403]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fourth finger" EXACT  [FMA:35403]
xref: FMA:35403 ! interphalangeal joint of ring finger
xref: EMAPA:25067 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 4 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
relationship: connects UBERON:0003862 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 4 phalanx
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of ring finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35403]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007732
name: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 5
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand" EXACT  [FMA:35407]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fifth finger" EXACT  [FMA:35407]
xref: FMA:35407 ! Interphalangeal joint of little finger
xref: EMAPA:25070 ! inter-phalangeal joint of digit 5 of fore-paw
intersection_of: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003625 ! manual digit 5
relationship: connects UBERON:0003863 {cardinality="2"} ! pedal digit 5 phalanx
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of little finger" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:9606, FMA:35407]
def: "An interphalangeal joint of manus that is part of a manual digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000220
name: atlanto-occipital joint
def: "The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital" [Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint]
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001092 ! cervical vertebra 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011138 ! post-cranial axial skeletal system
synonym: "articulatio atlanto-occipitalis" EXACT [FMA:24939]
synonym: "craniovertebral joint" EXACT [FMA:24939]
synonym: "atlanto occipital joint" EXACT []
synonym: "occipito atlantal joint" EXACT []
synonym: "occipito-atlantal joint" EXACT []
synonym: "atlantooccipital joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24939 ! atlanto-occipital joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint-Atlanto ! Occipital Joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint ! atlanto-occipital joint
xref: SCTID:361831006 ! Entire atlantooccipital joint
synonym: "articulatio atlantooccipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray304.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0006072 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! cervical region of vertebral column
xref: UMLS:C0004169

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003694
name: atlanto-axial joint
def: "The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas." [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "articulatio atlantoaxialis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "articulatio atlantoepistrophica" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "atlantoaxial" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "lateral atlanto-axial joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "median atlanto-axial joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "atlanto axial joint" EXACT [GAID:250]
synonym: "atlantoaxial joint" EXACT [GAID:250]
xref: FMA:25524 ! Atlanto-axial joint
xref: GAID:250 ! atlanto-axial joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Atlanto-axial_Joint ! Atlanto-Axial Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUUIHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! atlanto axial joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.097 ! atlanto-axial joint
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0001092 ! cervical vertebra 1
relationship: connects UBERON:0001093 ! cervical vertebra 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011138 ! post-cranial axial skeletal system
xref: SCTID:361832004 ! Entire atlantoaxial joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray304.png
xref: UMLS:C0004168

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011106
name: cruciate ligament of atlas
def: "a cruciate ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of the atlas, along with additional fibers above and below." [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens]
synonym: "cruciform ligament of atlas" EXACT  [FMA:25018]
synonym: "cruciform ligament of dens" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens]
synonym: "cruciate ligament of dens" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens]
synonym: "ligamentum cruciforme atlantis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens]
synonym: "triradiate ligament" RELATED  [EMAPA:19010]
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000220 {source="FMA", inconsistent_with="Wikipedia"} ! atlanto-occipital joint
xref: FMA:25018 ! cruciate ligament of atlas
xref: EMAPA:19010 ! cruciate ligament
xref: SCTID:182362005 ! Entire cruciate ligament of axis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006659 ! cruciate ligament of knee
name: cruciate ligament of knee
def: "One of a pair of ligaments arranged like a letter X.[1] They occur in several joints of the body, such as the knee. In a fashion similar to the cords in a toy Jacob's ladder, the crossed ligaments stabilize the joint while allowing a very large range of motion[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament]
synonym: "cruciform ligament" BROAD [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament]
synonym: "cruciate ligament" BROAD [FMA:44611]
xref: FMA:44611 ! cruciate ligament
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001485 {source="FMA"} ! knee joint
disjoint_from: UBERON:0011106 ! cruciate ligament of atlas
xref: galen:CruciateLigament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003671
name: anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint
synonym: "anterior cruciate ligament" EXACT [FMA:44614]
xref: FMA:44614 ! Anterior cruciate ligament
xref: GAID:122 ! anterior cruciate ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament ! Anterior Cruciate Ligament
xref: galen:AnteriorCruciateLigament ! anterior cruciate ligament
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4r77KC8RuaEd2f4ADggVfexA ! anterior cruciate ligament
xref: MESH:A02.513.514.100 ! anterior cruciate ligament
xref: SCTID:182443006 ! Entire anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint
is_a: UBERON:0006659 ! cruciate ligament
xref: UMLS:C0078960

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003680
name: posterior cruciate ligament of knee joint
synonym: "posterior cruciate ligament" EXACT [FMA:44617]
xref: FMA:44617 ! Posterior cruciate ligament
xref: GAID:129 ! posterior cruciate ligament
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cruciate_Ligament ! Posterior Cruciate Ligament
xref: galen:PosteriorCruciateLigament ! posterior cruciate ligament
xref: MESH:A02.513.514.600 ! posterior cruciate ligament
xref: SCTID:182445004 ! Entire posterior cruciate ligament of knee joint
is_a: UBERON:0006659 ! cruciate ligament
xref: UMLS:C0080039

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006661
name: epicranial aponeurosis
def: "The galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis, aponeurosis epicranialis) is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which covers the upper part of the cranium; behind, it is attached, in the interval between its union with the Occipitales, to the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone; in front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the Frontales. On either side it gives origin to the Auriculares anterior and superior; in this situation it loses its aponeurotic character, and is continued over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch as a layer of laminated areolar tissue. It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp: it is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument to move through a considerable distance." [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "cranial aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "epicranial aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "galea aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "galeal aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "Epicranial aponeurosis" EXACT [FMA:46768]
synonym: "Epicranius aponeurosis" EXACT [FMA:46768]
synonym: "Galea aponeurotica" EXACT [FMA:46768]
xref: FMA:46768 ! Aponeurosis of epicranius
xref: EMAPA:19210 ! epicranial aponeurosis
is_a: UBERON:0006614 ! aponeurosis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000403 {source="FMA"} ! scalp
synonym: "aponeurosis epicranialis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:46768]
xref: SCTID:368677009 ! Entire galea aponeurotica
synonym: "galea aponeurotica; aponeurosis epicranialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Gray378.png
synonym: "aponeurosis of epicranius" EXACT [FMA:46768]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006662
name: musculo-phrenic vein
xref: FMA:4732 ! Musculophrenic vein
xref: EMAPA:19222 ! musculo-phrenic vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001589 ! internal thoracic vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001589 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal thoracic vein
xref: SCTID:1895000 ! Entire musculophrenic vein
synonym: "musculophrenic vein" EXACT [FMA:4732]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006663
name: hemiazygos vein
def: "The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column." [Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein]
comment: Taxon notes: The major anatomic variation between the pig and other mammalian species is the presence of the large left azygos vein, which enters the coronary sinus (Fig. 1). In other mammals, hemiazygos vein enters the pre- cava.
synonym: "hemiazygos" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein]
synonym: "hemiazygos veins" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein]
synonym: "hemiazygous vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein]
synonym: "hemi-azygos vein" EXACT [FMA:4944]
synonym: "hemiazygous vein" EXACT [FMA:4944]
synonym: "inferior hemi-azygos vein" EXACT [FMA:4944]
xref: FMA:4944 ! Hemiazygos vein
xref: EMAPA:18251 ! hemiazygos vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001594 ! azygos vein
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008267 {source="ISBN-10:0443065837"} ! left supracardinal vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001594 {source="FMA/obol"} ! azygos vein
synonym: "vena hemiazygos" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:4944]
xref: SCTID:244408009 ! Entire hemiazygous vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004534 ! hemiazygous vein
synonym: "vena hemiazygos" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray480.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006664
name: greater palatine artery
def: "The greater palatine artery is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery. It branches off of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa and descends through the greater palatine foramen along with the greater palatine nerve and supplies the hard palate. It also anastomosis through the incisive canal with the sphenopalatine artery to supply the nasal cavity." [Wikipedia:Greater_palatine_artery]
comment: todo - check for synonymy between greater and major; branch_of relation is made in FMA at level of descending GPA
xref: MA:0001993 ! major palatine artery
xref: FMA:49795 ! Greater palatine artery
xref: EMAPA:18754 ! greater palatine artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001616 ! maxillary artery
xref: SCTID:312163002 ! Greater palatine artery
synonym: "arteria palatina major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Greater_palatine_artery]
synonym: "major palatine artery" EXACT [MA:0001993]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006665
name: accessory hemiazygos vein
def: "The accessory hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor superior) is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fifth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body[WP]." [Wikipedia:Accessory_hemiazygos_vein]
comment: todo - add superclass
synonym: "Accessory hemi-azygos vein" EXACT [FMA:5011]
synonym: "Superior hemi-azygos vein" EXACT [FMA:5011]
synonym: "Vena azygos accessoria" EXACT [FMA:5011]
xref: FMA:5011 ! Accessory hemiazygos vein
xref: EMAPA:19217 ! accessory hemiazygos vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001594 {source="FMA/obol"} ! azygos vein
synonym: "vena hemiazygos accessoria" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:5011]
synonym: "vena hemiazygos accessoria" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Accessory_hemiazygos_vein]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray480.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006668
name: carotid canal
def: "On the interior surface of the temporal bone, behind the rough surface of the apex, is the large circular aperture of the carotid canal, which ascends at first vertically, and then, making a bend, runs horizontally forward and medialward. It transmits into the cranium, the internal carotid artery, and the carotid plexus of nerves. Sympathetics to the head also pass through the carotid canal. They have several motor functions: raise the eyelid (superior tarsal muscle), dilate pupil, innervate sweat glands of face and scalp and constricts blood vessels in head[WP]." [Wikipedia:Carotid_canal]
xref: FMA:55805 ! Carotid canal
xref: EMAPA:18707 ! carotid canal
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
synonym: "canalis caroticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Carotid_canal]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Gray141.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006669
name: alveolar canal
def: "The infratemporal surface of the maxilla is pierced about its center by the apertures of the alveolar canals, which transmit the posterior superior alveolar vessels and nerves[WP]." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_canals]
xref: FMA:57743 ! Alveolar canal
xref: EMAPA:25099 ! alveolar canal
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 {source="EMAPA"} ! lower jaw region
synonym: "canales alveolares maxillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Alveolar_canals]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Gray157.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006670
name: central tendon
synonym: "central tendon of diaphragm" EXACT [FMA:58279]
synonym: "centrum tendineum" EXACT [FMA:58279]
xref: FMA:58279 ! Central tendon
xref: EMAPA:17702 ! central tendon
xref: VHOG:0001399 ! central tendon
is_a: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002359 ! fibrous pericardium
synonym: "centrum tendineum diaphragmatis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:58279]
xref: ncithesaurus:Central_Tendon_of_the_Diaphragm ! Central Tendon of the Diaphragm
xref: SCTID:244943002 ! Entire central tendon of diaphragm
relationship: immediate_transformation_of UBERON:0006239 {evidence="definitional"} ! future central tendon
property_value: homology_notes "In mammals, the diaphragm muscle divides the thoracoabdominal cavity into thorax and abdomen. In most mammals, the diaphragm is a flat sheet with muscle fibers radiating outward from a central tendon, and the diaphragm's apposition to the cranial surface of the liver gives it a dome-shape. Muscle fiber contraction reduces the curvature of the dome, thereby expanding the thoracic cavity and aspirating air into the lungs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001399", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2006.06.003", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0230162

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006671
name: orbital fat pad
synonym: "intraorbital fat pad" EXACT [FMA:59005]
synonym: "orbital fat" EXACT [FMA:59005]
synonym: "retrobulbar fat" EXACT [FMA:59005]
synonym: "orbital fat body" EXACT [FMA:59005]
xref: FMA:59005 ! orbital fat body
xref: EMAPA:19152 ! orbital fat pad
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of  UBERON:0001697 ! orbital region 
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004088 {source="FMA"} ! ocular region
xref: SCTID:363656009 ! Orbital fat structure
synonym: "orbital fat body" EXACT [FMA:59005]
def: "A fat pad that is part of a orbital region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006672
name: incisive canal
xref: FMA:59107 ! Incisive canal
xref: EMAPA:19034 ! incisive canal
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006673
name: mandibular canal
def: "In humans, the mandibular canal is a canal within the mandible that contains the inferior alveolar nerve, inferior alveolar artery, and inferior alveolar vein. It runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings" [Wikipedia:Mandibular_canal]
comment: AO notes: TAO has mandibular sensory canal, which is part of the lateral line system
xref: FMA:59473 ! Mandibular canal
xref: EMAPA:19161 ! mandibular canal
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
xref: SCTID:368876003 ! Entire mandibular canal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray1003.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006674
name: inguinal ring
xref: FMA:65075 ! Inguinal ring
xref: EMAPA:19172 ! inguinal ring of female reproductive system
xref: EMAPA:29307 ! inguinal ring of male reproductive system
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006204 ! inguinal ligament
xref: SCTID:278830004 ! Entire inguinal ring

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006677
name: surface of epithelium
synonym: "epithelium surface" EXACT [FMA:70997]
xref: FMA:70997 ! Surface of epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
def: "An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006679 ! carina of trachea
name: carina of trachea
def: "In anatomy, the carina is a cartilaginous ridge within the trachea that runs anteroposteriorly between the two primary bronchi at the site of the tracheal bifurcation at the lower end of the trachea (usually at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebrae). The mucous membrane of the carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex. Widening and distortion of the carina is a serious sign because it usually indicates carcinoma of the lymph nodes around the region where the trachea divides. Tracheobronchial injury, an injury to the airways, occurs within 2.5 cm of the carina 40b80% of the time." [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "bifurcation of the trachea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "carina %28anatomy%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "carina of trachea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "carina" BROAD [FMA:7465]
synonym: "tracheal carina" EXACT [FMA:7465]
synonym: "carina tracheae" EXACT [EMAPA:18407]
xref: FMA:7465 ! Carina of trachea
xref: EMAPA:18407 ! carina tracheae
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: connects UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: connects UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus
xref: ncithesaurus:Carina ! Carina
xref: SCTID:181214003 ! Entire carina
synonym: "carina tracheae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Diagrama_de_los_pulmones-c.svg
xref: UMLS:C0225594

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006680
name: trachealis
def: "A smooth muscle tissue that bridges the gap between free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the esophagus. A primary function of the trachealis is to constrict the windpipe, allowing for higher velocity of air in the windpipe during coughing[WP, modified]." [Wikipedia:Trachealis_muscle]
synonym: "tracheal muscle" EXACT [FMA:7466]
synonym: "trachealis muscle" EXACT [FMA:7466]
xref: FMA:7466 ! Trachealis
xref: EMAPA:19193 ! trachealis
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003387 ! smooth muscle of trachea
xref: SCTID:197333002 ! Entire tracheal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006681
name: interthalamic adhesion
synonym: "Interthalamic connection" EXACT [FMA:74869]
synonym: "Middle commissure" EXACT [FMA:74869]
xref: FMA:74869 ! Interthalamic adhesion
xref: EMAPA:18546 ! interthalamic adhesion
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006682
name: hypoglossal canal
xref: FMA:75370 ! Hypoglossal canal
xref: EMAPA:19012 ! hypoglossal canal
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
xref: SCTID:139380001 ! Entire hypoglossal canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006683
name: posterior fontanelle
def: "In humans, the posterior fontanelle (or occipital fontanelle) is a gap between bones in the skull, triangular in form and situated at the junction of the sagittal suture and lambdoidal suture. It generally closes in 6–8 weeks from birth. A delay in closure is associated with congential hypothyroidism." [Wikipedia:Posterior_fontanelle]
synonym: "fonticulus posterior" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "occipital posterior" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "posterior fontanelle of skull" EXACT LATIN []
xref: FMA:75440 ! Posterior fontanelle
xref: EMAPA:19200 ! posterior fontanelle
xref: SCTID:244681005 ! Entire posterior fontanel of skull
is_a: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle
relationship: connects UBERON:0002491 ! lambdoid suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0002492 ! sagittal suture
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray197.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006684
name: sphenoidal fontanelle
def: "." [Wikipedia:Pterion]
comment: See also FMA:264720 ! pterion
synonym: "sphenoidal fontanelle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterion]
xref: FMA:75441 ! Sphenoidal fontanelle
xref: EMAPA:19229 ! sphenoidal fontanelle
xref: SCTID:136955008 ! Entire sphenoidal fontanel of skull
is_a: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Pterion.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006685
name: pharyngeal tubercle
xref: FMA:75746 ! Pharyngeal tubercle
xref: EMAPA:19250 ! pharyngeal tubercle
is_a: UBERON:0005813 {source="FMA"} ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001042 {source="EMAPA"} ! chordate pharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006686
name: spinal vein
synonym: "Spinal vein" EXACT [FMA:76735]
xref: FMA:76735 ! Spinal branch
xref: EMAPA:18255 ! spinal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
synonym: "vena spinalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76735]
xref: SCTID:181376008 ! Spinal vein
synonym: "spinal branch" RELATED [FMA:76735]
def: "A vein that is part of a vertebral column." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006687
name: median sacral vein
xref: FMA:77168 ! Median sacral vein
xref: EMAPA:26064 ! median sacral vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001317 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal iliac vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006688
name: sublingual caruncle
def: "The sublingual caruncle is a site on either side of the frenulum linguae on the sublingual surface of the tongue. There it denotes the site at which the submandibular gland empties into the oral cavity." [Wikipedia:Sublingual_caruncle]
xref: FMA:77273 ! Sublingual caruncle
xref: EMAPA:18961 ! sublingual caruncle
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
xref: SCTID:85139009 ! Sublingual caruncle
synonym: "caruncula sublingualis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sublingual_caruncle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Gray1202.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006689
name: frenulum of tongue
def: "The frenulum of tongue (or lingual frenulum) is the frenulum of the tongue, a small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue." [Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue]
synonym: "frenulum lingu%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue]
synonym: "frenulum linguae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue]
synonym: "frenulum of the tongue" RELATED [Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue]
synonym: "lingual frenulum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue]
synonym: "lingual frenum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue]
synonym: "tongue frenulum" EXACT [FMA:54659]
synonym: "frenulum" BROAD []
synonym: "oral frenulum" EXACT [HP:0000190]
synonym: "oral frenula" EXACT PLURAL [HP:0000190]
synonym: "frenulum linguae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Frenulum_of_tongue]
xref: ncithesaurus:Frenulum ! Frenulum
xref: FMA:54659 ! frenulum of tongue
xref: EMAPA:18656 ! frenulum of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18874 ! frenulum of tongue of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001723 ! tongue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Gray1202.png
xref: SCTID:264113009 ! Entire frenulum linguae
xref: UMLS:C2339893

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006690
name: deep dorsal vein of clitoris
xref: FMA:77504 ! Deep dorsal vein of clitoris
xref: EMAPA:19218 ! deep dorsal vein of clitoris
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002411 ! clitoris
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001317 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal iliac vein
xref: SCTID:25834009 ! Entire deep dorsal vein of clitoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006691
name: tentorium cerebelli
def: "The tentorium cerebelli or cerebellar tentorium is an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes." [Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli]
synonym: "infratentorial neoplasms" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli]
synonym: "supratentorial neoplasms" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli]
synonym: "Cerebellar tentorium" EXACT [FMA:83966]
xref: VHOG:0001298 ! tentorium cerebelli
xref: FMA:83966 ! Tentorium cerebelli
xref: EMAPA:18210 ! tentorium cerebelli
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002363 ! dura mater
xref: ncithesaurus:Tentorium_Cerebelli ! Tentorium Cerebelli
xref: SCTID:244428008 ! Entire tentorium cerebelli
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Illu_tentorium.jpg
property_value: external_definition "The tentorium cerebelli or cerebellar tentorium (Latin:  [][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001298", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
xref: UMLS:C0228121

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006692
name: vertebral canal
def: "The spinal canal (or vertebral canal or spinal cavity) is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae. In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum posteriorly and the posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly. The outermost layer of the meninges, the dura mater, is closely associated with the arachnoid which in turn is loosely connected to the innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater. The meninges divide the spinal canal into the epidural space and the subarachnoid space. The pia mater is closely attached to the spinal cord. A subdural space is generally only present due to trauma and/or pathological situations. The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains the vessels that supply the spinal cord, namely the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries, accompanied by a corresponding spinal veins. The spinal arteries form anastomoses known as the vasocorona of the spinal cord. The epidural space contains loose fatty tissue, and a network of large, thin-walled blood vessels called the anterior vertebral venous plexus and the posterior vertebral venous plexus The spinal canal was first described by Jean Fernel." [Wikipedia:Spinal_canal]
comment: todo - check neural vs vertebral canal; embryonic vs adult?
synonym: "spinal cavity" RELATED [Wikipedia:Spinal_canal]
synonym: "vertebral canal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Spinal_canal]
synonym: "foramen vertebrale" RELATED [AAO:0000693]
synonym: "spinal canal" RELATED [AAO:0000693]
synonym: "neural canal" RELATED [AAO:0000693]
xref: GAID:242 ! spinal canal
xref: AAO:0000693 ! neural canal
xref: FMA:9680 ! Vertebral canal
xref: EMAPA:25440 ! vertebral canal of T1 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25448 ! vertebral canal of T10 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25456 ! vertebral canal of T11 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25464 ! vertebral canal of T12 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25472 ! vertebral canal of T13 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25480 ! vertebral canal of T2 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25488 ! vertebral canal of T3 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25496 ! vertebral canal of T4 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25504 ! vertebral canal of T5 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25512 ! vertebral canal of T6 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25520 ! vertebral canal of T7 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25528 ! vertebral canal of T8 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25536 ! vertebral canal of T9 of vertebra of thoracic region
xref: EMAPA:25544 ! vertebral canal of Tl1 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25552 ! vertebral canal of Tl10 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25560 ! vertebral canal of Tl11 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25568 ! vertebral canal of Tl12 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25576 ! vertebral canal of Tl13 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25584 ! vertebral canal of Tl14 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25592 ! vertebral canal of Tl15 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25600 ! vertebral canal of Tl16 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25608 ! vertebral canal of Tl17 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25616 ! vertebral canal of Tl18 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25624 ! vertebral canal of Tl19 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25632 ! vertebral canal of Tl2 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25640 ! vertebral canal of Tl3 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25648 ! vertebral canal of Tl4 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25656 ! vertebral canal of Tl5 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25664 ! vertebral canal of Tl6 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25672 ! vertebral canal of Tl7 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25680 ! vertebral canal of Tl8 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25688 ! vertebral canal of Tl9 of vertebra of axial skeleton of skeleton of tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:25731 ! vertebral canal of C3 of vertebra of cervical region
xref: EMAPA:25738 ! vertebral canal of C4 of vertebra of cervical region
xref: EMAPA:25745 ! vertebral canal of C5 of vertebra of cervical region
xref: EMAPA:25752 ! vertebral canal of C6 of vertebra of cervical region
xref: EMAPA:25759 ! vertebral canal of C7 of vertebra of cervical region
xref: EMAPA:26521 ! vertebral canal of C1 of vertebra of cervical region
xref: EMAPA:26537 ! vertebral canal of C2 of vertebra of cervical region
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Canal ! Vertebral Canal
xref: ncithesaurus:Neural_Canal ! neural canal
synonym: "c. vertebralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spinal_canal]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray82.png
property_value: external_definition "Canal formed by the vertebral centra ventrally, the pedicels laterally, and the neural arches dorsally that encloses and protects the spinal cord.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000693", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: SCTID:361746009 ! Entire spinal canal
xref: UMLS:C1522467
xref: UMLS:C0037922

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006693
name: protein-based cuticle
def: "An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans" [GO:0007592]
is_a: UBERON:0001002 ! cuticle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006694
name: cerebellum vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002037 ! cerebellum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002206
name: mammillary body
def: "The mammilary body is a protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei[GO]." [Wikipedia:Mammillary_body]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "corpus mamillare" EXACT [ZFA:0000334]
xref: FMA:74877 ! Mammillary body
xref: GAID:652 ! mamillary body
xref: MA:0000174 ! mammillary body
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_865 ! Mammillary body
xref: ZFA:0000334 ! corpus mamillare
xref: ncithesaurus:Mamillary_Body ! Mamillary Body
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray1180.png/200px-Gray1180.png
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.357.362.500 ! mamillary body
xref: ABA:MBO ! Mammillary body
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002272 {source="ABA"} ! medial zone of hypothalamus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002770 {source="GO definition"} ! posterior hypothalamic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000349 {source="GO"} ! limbic system
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002634 {source="ABA"} ! anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002035 {source="ABA"} ! medial preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002706 {source="ABA"} ! posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001935 {source="ABA"} ! ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus
xref: SCTID:279306001 ! Entire mammillary body
xref: TAO:0000334 ! corpus mamillare
synonym: "corpus mamillare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mammillary_body]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray1180.png
xref: UMLS:C0024670

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006695 ! mammillary axonal complex
name: mammillary axonal complex
def: "The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain[GO]." [GO:0061373]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002206 ! mammillary body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006696
alt_id: UBERON:0009642
name: mammillothalamic axonal tract
def: "The mammillothalamic tract is the collection of axons that connects the two major subdivisions of the diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus) and closes the diencephalic circuit[GO]." [GO:0061374, Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus]
comment: The mammillothalamic fasciculus arises from cells in both the medial and lateral nuclei of the mammillary body and by fibers that are directly continued from the fornix. The Mammillothalamic fasciculus then connects the mammillary body to the dorsal tegmental nuclei, the ventral tegmental nuclei, and the anterior thalamic nucleus [WP]
synonym: "mammillothalamic tract" EXACT [FMA:83849]
synonym: "fasciculus mammillothalamicus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "mammillothalamic fasciculus" EXACT  [FMA:83849]
synonym: "vicq d'azyr's bundle" EXACT  [FMA:83849]
synonym: "bundle of vicq d%27azyr" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus]
synonym: "bundle of vicq d%e2%80%99azyr" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus]
synonym: "mamillo-thalamic tract" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus]
synonym: "mammillo-thalamic fasciculus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus]
synonym: "mammillothalamic tract" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus]
synonym: "thalamomammillary fasciculus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus]
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_1010016 ! Mammillothalamic tract
xref: FMA:83849 ! mammillothalamic tract
synonym: "fasciculus mammillothalamicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mammillothalamic_fasciculus]
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006695 ! mammillary axonal complex
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001898 ! hypothalamus
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001897 ! thalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002990
name: mammillothalamic tract of hypothalamus
xref: FMA:62059 ! Mammillothalamic tract of hypothalamus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_855 ! Mammillothalamic tract of hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002770 {source="FMA"} ! posterior hypothalamic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006695 ! mammillary axonal complex
xref: SCTID:369139008 ! Entire mammillothalamic tract of hypothalamus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006697
name: mammillotectal axonal tract
def: "The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus." [GO:0061375]
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006695 ! mammillary axonal complex
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001894 ! diencephalon
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001945 ! superior colliculus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006698
alt_id: UBERON:0002725
name: mammillotegmental axonal tract
def: "The mammillotegmental tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the tegmentum and pons" [GO:0061376]
synonym: "Gudden tract" EXACT [FMA:62058]
synonym: "mammillotegmental tract" EXACT [FMA:62058]
synonym: "von Gudden's tract" EXACT [FMA:62058]
synonym: "mammillotegmental tract of hypothalamus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1497]
synonym: "mammillotegmental fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:62058]
xref: FMA:62058 ! mammillotegmental fasciculus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1497 ! Mammillotegmental fasciculus
xref: SCTID:369140005 ! Entire mammillotegmental tract of hypothalamus
is_a: UBERON:0001018 ! axon tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006695 ! mammillary axonal complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002770 {source="FMA"} ! posterior hypothalamic region
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0000988 ! pons
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001943 ! midbrain tegmentum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009635
name: parachordal cartilage
def: "Chondrocranium chondrification center that fuses with cartilages derived from sclerotome region of occipital somites forming occipital bone, hypoglossal canals and foramen magnum." [ISBN10:1588903958, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "parachordal cartilages" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0001423]
xref: TAO:0001423 ! parachordal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003932 {source="ZFA"} ! cartilaginous elemenet of chondrocranium
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003110 {source="ZFA"} ! otic region
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005902 {source="ZFA"} ! occipital region
xref: ZFA:0001423 ! parachordal cartilage
xref: ncithesaurus:Parachordal_Cartilage ! Parachordal Cartilage
property_value: external_definition "Rod-shaped paired cartilages on either side of the notochord. They unite, forming the base of the chondrocranium and are replaced by the prootic bones.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001423", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C1518887

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009636
name: prechordal cartilage
def: "Chondrocranium chondrification center that that forms anterior body of sphenoid, containing the sella turcica and posterior body of sphenoid." [ISBN10:1588903958, UBERON:cjm]
comment: classified as part of chondrocranium based on developmental relationships
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! cartilaginous elemenet of chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009640 ! hypophyseal cartilage
name: hypophyseal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! cartilaginous elemenet of chondrocranium
comment: classified as part of chondrocranium based on developmental relationships
def: "forms around the developing pituitary, and together with prechordal cartilages creates body of sphenoid bone" [ISBN10:1588903958]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009639
name: body of sphenoid
def: "The body of the sphenoid bone, more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum." [Wikipedia:Body_of_sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "Entire body of sphenoid bone" EXACT []
synonym: "body of sphenoidal bone" EXACT  [FMA:52867]
synonym: "central body of sphenoid" EXACT  [FMA:52867]
synonym: "corpus (os sphenoidale)" EXACT  [FMA:52867]
synonym: "sphenoid body" EXACT  [FMA:52867]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 {source="FMA"} ! sphenoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA"} ! basicranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="cjm"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009640 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! hypophyseal cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009636 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! prechordal cartilage
xref: FMA:52867 ! body of sphenoid
xref: SCTID:140491003 ! Entire body of sphenoid bone
synonym: "corpus ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_sphenoid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Gray146.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010355
name: ossification center
def: "The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed a ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolC&." [Wikipedia:Ossification_center]
comment: Editors note: currently classified as a zone of a bone organ, but exists prior to bone ossifying
synonym: "center of ossification" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ossification_center]
synonym: "centrum ossificationis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ossification centre" EXACT  [FMA:75436]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
xref: FMA:75436 ! ossification center
synonym: "centrum ossificationis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ossification_center]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Gray79.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010356
name: primary ossification center
def: "A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers." [Wikipedia:Ossification_center#Primary]
synonym: "primarium" BROAD [FMA:TA]
synonym: "primary ossification centre" EXACT  [FMA:75447]
synonym: "centrum ossificationis primarium" EXACT LATIN [NominaAnatomica:NA]
is_a: UBERON:0010355 {source="FMA"} ! ossification center
xref: FMA:75447 ! primary ossification center
xref: ncithesaurus:Primary_Ossification_Center ! primary ossification center
xref: UMLS:C1184750

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010357
name: secondary ossification center
def: "A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared - most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in the epiphyses." [Wikipedia:Ossification_center#Secondary]
synonym: "secondary ossification centre" EXACT  [FMA:75448]
synonym: "secundarium" BROAD [FMA:TA]
synonym: "centrum ossificationis secundarium" EXACT LATIN [NominaAnatomica:NA]
is_a: UBERON:0010355 {source="FMA"} ! ossification center
xref: FMA:75448 ! secondary ossification center

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009637
name: alisphenoid ossification center
synonym: "alisphenoid center" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010355 ! ossification center

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010732
name: alisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009191 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0003448 ! sphenoid greater wing pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "sphenoid greater wing pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003448]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010733 ! alisphenoid cartilage condensation
name: alisphenoid cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010732 {source="EHDAA2"} ! alisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009193 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0003450 ! sphenoid greater wing cartilage condensation
synonym: "sphenoid greater wing cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003450]
synonym: "alisphenoid cartilage" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006721
name: alisphenoid bone
def: "The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards[WP]." [Wikipedia:Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: The alisphenoid in mammals is part cartilage bone, part membrane bone[PMC1231738] In many mammals, e.g. the dog, the greater wing of the sphenoid bone stays through life a separate bone called the alisphenoid[WP]. Development notes: The mammalian alisphenoid forms the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, which contributes a small part of the skull vault just caudal to the orbit, and also underlies the basal part of the frontal and parietal bones in the fetus (Iseki et al. 1997)[PMID:11523816]. 
synonym: "greater wing of sphenoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002772]
synonym: "ala major (os sphenoidale)" EXACT [FMA:52868]
synonym: "greater wing of sphenoidal bone" EXACT [FMA:52868]
synonym: "alisphenoid bone" EXACT SENSU [MA:0002772]
synonym: "epipterygoid" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "epipterygoid bone" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
xref: FMA:52868 ! Greater wing of sphenoid
xref: MA:0002772 ! alisphenoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0011164 {source="MA"} ! neurocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 {source="MA"} ! sphenoid bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009637 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! alisphenoid ossification center
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010733 ! alisphenoid cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008895 {source="PMID:11523816"} ! splanchnocranium
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! basicranium
xref: SCTID:361298007 ! Entire greater wing of sphenoid bone
synonym: "ala major ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png
synonym: "greater wing of sphenoid" EXACT [FMA:52868]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009638
name: orbitosphenoid ossification center
synonym: "orbitosphenoid center" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010355 ! ossification center
comment: merge with sphenoid lesser wing cartilage condensation?

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010728
name: sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009191 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0003449 ! sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005687 ! orbitosphenoid cartilage condensation
name: orbitosphenoid cartilage condensation
synonym: "sphenoid lesser wing cartilage condensation" RELATED  [EHDAA2:0001329]
xref: EHDAA2:0001329 ! orbitosphenoid cartilage
xref: EHDAA:9554 ! orbitosphenoid cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010728 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009193 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002478
name: orbitosphenoid
def: "One of two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points." [Wikipedia:Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lesser wing of sphenoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002773]
synonym: "lesser wing of sphenoid" EXACT [FMA:52869]
synonym: "ala minor (os sphenoidale)" EXACT [FMA:52869]
synonym: "ingrassia's process" EXACT [FMA:52869]
synonym: "lesser wing of sphenoidal bone" EXACT [FMA:52869]
synonym: "lesser wing of sphenoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002773]
xref: AAO:0000345 ! 
xref: VHOG:0001153 ! orbitosphenoid
xref: MA:0002773 ! orbitosphenoid
xref: ZFA:0000253 ! orbitosphenoid
xref: FMA:52869 ! Lesser wing of sphenoid
xref: EMAPA:18719 ! orbito-sphenoid
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 {source="Kardong"} ! sphenoid region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA"} ! basicranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009638 ! orbitosphenoid center
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005687 ! orbitosphenoid cartilage condensation
xref: SCTID:361737003 ! Entire lesser wing of sphenoid bone
xref: TAO:0000253 ! orbitosphenoid
synonym: "alæ parvæ" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray145.png
property_value: external_definition "Endochondral ossification of the lateral sides of the braincase.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000345", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000345", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Large median unpaired cartilage bone consisting of two diverging plates. Positioned medial to the eye. The orbitosphenoid develops from the Trabeculae communis and forms the anterior and anterolateral boundary of the orbital foramen and constitutes a significant part of the sidewalls and floor of the cranial cavity. Bordered by the lateral ethmoid anteriorly, and the pterosphenoid posteriorly, The orbitosphenoid may extend ventrally to meet the parasphenoid. In the adult, the orbitosphenoid is fused ventrally to the parasphenoid via a thin sheet of bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000253", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: develops_from taenia marginalis anterior (TAO:0001505)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000253", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: develops_from neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000253", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: part_of neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000253", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps orbitosphenoid-prootic joint (TAO:0001794)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000253", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps pterosphenoid-orbitosphenoid joint (TAO:0001831)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000253", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: overlaps orbitosphenoid-lateral ethmoid joint (TAO:0001941)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000253", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}
synonym: "conchosphcénocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000253]
synonym: "orbito-sphcénocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000253]
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! basicranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006722 ! manubrium of malleus
name: manubrium of malleus
def: "The handle of the malleus; the portion that extends downward, inward, and backward from the neck of the malleus; it is embedded throughout its length in the tympanic membrane." [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?manubrium+of+malleus]
synonym: "handle of malleus" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "malleal manubrium" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "malleus handle" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "malleus manubrium" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "manubrium of malleus" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "manubrium mallei" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "malleus handle" EXACT [FMA:52760]
synonym: "manubrium of malleus" EXACT [FMA:52760]
xref: FMA:52760 ! Handle of malleus
xref: MA:0002985 ! manubrium mallei
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0002364 {source="cjm"} ! tympanic membrane
xref: SCTID:264091009 ! Entire manubrium of malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006723
name: cochlear modiolus
def: "The modiolus is a conical shaped central axis in the cochlea. The Modiolus consists of spongy bone and the cochlea turns approximately 2.75 times around the modiolus The spiral ganglion is situated inside the bony modiolus." [Wikipedia:Modiolus_%28cochlea%29]
synonym: "cochlea modiolus" EXACT [FMA:61278]
synonym: "modiolus" BROAD [MA:0001182]
synonym: "modiolus of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:61278]
synonym: "columella cochleae" RELATED  [BTO:0001693]
xref: FMA:61278 ! Modiolus of cochlea
xref: MA:0001182 ! modiolus
xref: BTO:0001693 ! modiolus
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007223 {source="MA"} ! osseus cochlea
xref: ncithesaurus:Modiolus ! Modiolus
xref: SCTID:361314007 ! Entire modiolus
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Gray921.png
xref: UMLS:C0229503

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002276
name: lamina of spiral limbus
def: "The osseous spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone, and between these are the canals for the transmission of the filaments of the acoustic nerve. On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the limbus spiralis (or limbus laminæ spiralis), this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Limbus_laminae_spiralis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "limbus laminae spiralis" EXACT  [FMA:77721]
synonym: "spiral limbus lamina" EXACT  [FMA:77721]
synonym: "spiral limbus lamina" EXACT []
synonym: "spiral limbus" RELATED []
synonym: "limbus lamina spiralis" EXACT [MA:0001191]
xref: FMA:77721 ! Lamina of spiral limbus
xref: MA:0001191 ! limbus lamina spiralis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray930.png/200px-Gray930.png
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 {source="MA"} ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006724
name: osseus spiral lamina
def: "The osseous spiral lamina is a bony shelf or ledge which projects from the modiolus into the interior of the canal, and, like the canal, takes two-and-three-quarter turns around the modiolus. It reaches about half-way toward the outer wall of the tube, and partially divides its cavity into two passages or scalae, of which the upper is named the scala vestibuli, while the lower is termed the scala tympani." [Wikipedia:Osseous_spiral_lamina]
synonym: "lamina of modiolus cochleae" EXACT [FMA:77710]
synonym: "lamina of modiolus of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:77710]
synonym: "osseous spiral lamina of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:77710]
synonym: "osseous spiral lamina" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77710 ! Osseous spiral lamina of cochlea
xref: MA:0001184 ! osseus spiral lamina
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007223 {source="MA"} ! osseus cochlea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006723 {source="FMA"} ! cochlear modiolus
synonym: "lamina modioli cochleae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:77710]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006725
name: spiral ligament
def: "A spiral thickening of the fibrous lining of the cochlear wall. Spiral ligament secures the membranous cochlear duct to the bony spiral canal of the cochlea. Its spiral ligament fibrocytes function in conjunction with the stria vascularis to mediate cochlear ion homeostasis." [MESH:MESH, Wikipedia:Spiral_ligament, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3557974&group_id=76834]
synonym: "spiral cochlear ligament" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "ligamentum spirale ductus cochlearis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Spiral_ligament]
synonym: "spiral ligament of cochlear duct" EXACT [FMA:77834]
comment: Note that this is not classified as a ligament in FMA
xref: FMA:77834 ! Spiral ligament of cochlear duct
xref: MA:0001192 ! spiral ligament
xref: SCTID:279840005 ! Entire spiral cochlear ligament
xref: A09.246.631.246.965
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0006106 {source="MESH-def"} ! cochlear canal
relationship: has_part CL:0002665 ! otic fibrocyte

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006727
name: liver left lateral lobe
synonym: "lateral segment of liver" EXACT [FMA:14501]
synonym: "segmentum laterale (lobus hepatis sinister)" EXACT [FMA:14501]
synonym: "lateral segment of left lobe of liver" EXACT [FMA:14501]
xref: FMA:14501 ! Lateral segment of left lobe of liver
xref: MA:0001641 ! liver left lateral lobe
is_a: UBERON:0001115 ! left lobe of liver
xref: SCTID:271288003 ! Entire lateral segment of left lobe of liver

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006728
name: liver left medial lobe
synonym: "medial segment of liver" EXACT [FMA:14500]
synonym: "segmentum mediale (lobus hepatis sinister)" EXACT [FMA:14500]
synonym: "medial segment of left lobe of liver" EXACT [FMA:14500]
xref: FMA:14500 ! Medial segment of left lobe of liver
xref: MA:0001642 ! liver left medial lobe
is_a: UBERON:0001115 ! left lobe of liver
xref: SCTID:271085007 ! Entire medial segment of left lobe of liver

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006729
name: liver perisinusoidal space
def: "The space of Disse (or perisinusoidal space) is a location in the liver between a hepatocyte and a sinusoid. It contains the blood plasma. Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sinusoids to be taken up by the hepatocytes. This space may be obliterated in liver disease, leading to decreased uptake by hepatocytes of nutrients and wastes (like bilirubin, for example). The Space of Disse also contains Ito cells, also called hepatic stellate cells, which store fat or fat soluble vitamins. Excessive intake of fat soluble vitamins can lead to pathologically enlarged Ito cells, which can form collagen and lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The Space of Disse was named after German anatomist, Joseph Disse (1852b1912)." [Wikipedia:Space_of_Disse]
synonym: "perisinusoidal space" RELATED [Wikipedia:Space_of_Disse]
synonym: "Disse's space" EXACT [FMA:63162]
synonym: "perisinusoidal space of Disse" EXACT [FMA:63162]
synonym: "perisinusoidal space" RELATED []
synonym: "space of Disse" EXACT [FMA:63162]
synonym: "hepatic perisinusoidal space" EXACT [FMA:63162]
xref: FMA:63162 ! Hepatic perisinusoidal space
xref: MA:0002497 ! liver perisinusoidal space
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004647 ! liver lobule
xref: SCTID:17779003 ! Space of Disse
xref: ncithesaurus:Perisinusoidal_Space ! perisinusoidal space
xref: UMLS:C0227530

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006743
name: paleodentate of dentate nucleus
synonym: "PDT" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1490]
synonym: "paleodentate of dentate nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1490]
synonym: "paleodentate portion of dentate nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72540]
xref: FMA:72540 ! paleodentate part of dentate nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1490 ! Paleodentate of dentate nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002020 ! gray matter of neuraxis
is_a: UBERON:0002946 ! regional part of cerebellum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002132 ! dentate nucleus
synonym: "paleodentate part of dentate nucleus" EXACT [FMA:72540]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006801
alt_id: UBERON:3000835
name: proximal head of humerus
def: "Hemispherical structure on proximal epiphysis of humerus that articulates with glenoid cavity[WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus#Humeral_head]
synonym: "humeral head" RELATED [FMA:13304, PHENOSCAPE:curators]
synonym: "head of humerus" EXACT [FMA:13304]
synonym: "caput humeri" RELATED  [AAO:0000835, Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus#Humeral_head]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004411 ! proximal epiphysis of humerus
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0006657 ! glenoid fossa
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001470 ! glenohumeral joint
xref: FMA:13304 ! head of humerus
xref: AAO:0000835 ! glenoid head
xref: EMAPA:25050 ! head
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Humerus
xref: galen:HeadOfHumerus
xref: SCTID:181924000 ! Entire head of humerus
property_value: external_definition "Hemispherical ball on the proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle to form the shoulder joint[AAO]." xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000835", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0223683

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012129
name: radial head of humerus
def: "Hemispherical ball located at the lower end of the humerus that stands out prominently from the surrounding structures toward the flexor surface of the forelimb" [PHENOSCAPE:curators, AAO:LAP]
synonym: "eminentia capitata" RELATED  [AAO:0000838]
synonym: "radial condyle" RELATED  [AAO:0000838]
synonym: "radial condyle of humerus" EXACT  []
synonym: "capitellum of humerus" EXACT  []
synonym: "capitellum" RELATED  []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus
xref: AAO:0000838 ! humeral head
property_value: external_definition "Hemispherical ball located at the lower end of the humerus that stands out prominently from the surrounding structures toward the flexor surface of the forelimb and fits into the socket joint of the olecranon process[AAO]." xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000838", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012130
name: olecranon fossa
def: "Above the back part of the trochlea of the humerus is a deep triangular depression, the olecranon fossa, in which the summit of the olecranon is received in extension of the forearm." [Wikipedia:Olecranon_fossa]
comment: a deep evacuation in the bone, into which the anconeal process of the ulna passes when the elbow joint is extended
synonym: "fossa olecrani" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Olecranon_fossa]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus
xref: FMA:23450 ! olecranon fossa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006802
name: acetabular rim
def: "A prominent unever rim that bounds the acetabulum, serving as the attachment for the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetabulum#Structure]
synonym: "acetabular margin" RELATED []
xref: FMA:16941 ! Acetabular rim
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011958
name: acetabular labrum
def: "A ring of cartilage that surrounds the acetabulum[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Acetabular_labrum]
comment: Function notes: Its function is to deepen the acetabulum, making it more difficult for the head of the femur to slip out of place (sublux). Structure notes: some sources treat this as fibrocartilage
synonym: "labrum of acetabulum" EXACT  [FMA:43521]
synonym: "glenoidal labrum of hip joint" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Acetabular_labrum]
synonym: "cotyloid ligament" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Acetabular_labrum]
synonym: "labrum acetabuli" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Acetabular_labrum]
synonym: "acetabular rim" RELATED INCONSISTENT [AAO:0000864]
synonym: "acetabular lip" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0007844 {source="FMA"} ! cartilage element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001486 {source="FMA"} ! hip joint
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0006802 ! acetabular rim
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone
xref: FMA:43521 ! acetabular labrum
xref: SCTID:182439007 ! Entire labrum of acetabulum
xref: SCTID:263366005 ! Lip of acetabulum
xref: AAO:0000864 ! acetabular rim
property_value: external_definition "Cartilaginous ring that forms the entire acetabular margin[AAO:0000864]." xsd:string {source="AAO:0000864", notes="AAO class treated as equivalent to labrum based on this definition"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006803
name: obturator foramen
def: "The obturator foramen is the hole created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and muscles pass." [Wikipedia:Obturator_foramen]
synonym: "foramen obturatorium" EXACT LATIN [FMA:16999]
xref: AAO:0000863 ! obturator foramen
xref: FMA:16999 ! Obturator foramen
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="AAO"} ! pelvic girdle skeleton
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Foramen ! Obturator Foramen
xref: SCTID:361777006 ! Entire obturator foramen
synonym: "foramen obturatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Obturator_foramen]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Skeletpelvis-pubis.jpg
property_value: external_definition "Small opening for the passage of the obturatorius nerve that perforates the pubis.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000863", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass pelvic girdle opening (AAO:0000767)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000863", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
xref: UMLS:C0223670

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006804
name: reticular tissue
def: "Loose connective tissue which consists of an irregular network of cells and reticular fibers and is spatially associated with myeloid and lymphoid cells. Examples: stroma of bone marrow, stroma of spleen, stroma of lymph node.[FMA]" [FMA:20116, FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Reticular_connective_tissue]
comment: AO notes: in FMA this is asserted as part of smooth muscle tissue
synonym: "reticular connective tissue" EXACT [FMA:20116]
synonym: "textus connectivus reticularis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:20116]
xref: AAO:0000542 ! reticular connective tissue
xref: FMA:20116 ! Reticular tissue
is_a: UBERON:0011825 {source="FMA"} ! loose connective tissue
relationship: has_part GO:0005586 ! collagen type III
xref: SCTID:57987007 ! Reticular tissue
property_value: external_definition "Network of reticular fibres (fine collagen) that form a soft skeleton to support the lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen).[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000542", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000542", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011895
name: endomysium
def: "A layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers. It also contains capillaries, nerves and lymphatics. The term cardiac skeleton is sometimes considered synonymous with endomysium, but sometimes it refers to the combination of the endomysium and perimysium." [Wikipedia:Endomysium]
synonym: "fascia of muscle fiber" EXACT  [FMA:9729]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006804 ! reticular tissue
intersection_of: surrounds CL:0000187 ! muscle cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
xref: FMA:9729 ! endomysium
xref: ncithesaurus:Endomysium ! endomysium
xref: SCTID:91739007 ! Endomysium
xref: UMLS:C0504097

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011896
name: smooth muscle endomysium
def: "Reticular tissue which surrounds a smooth muscle cell." [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011895 ! endomysium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: surrounds CL:0000192 ! smooth muscle cell
xref: FMA:260651 ! Smooth muscle endomysium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011897
name: cardiac endomysium
def: "Reticular tissue which surrounds a cardiac myocyte." [FMA:83112]
synonym: "Endomysium of cardiac muscle cell" EXACT  [FMA:83112]
synonym: "Fibrocollagenous sheath of cardiac muscle cell" EXACT  [FMA:83112]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011895 ! endomysium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
relationship: surrounds CL:0000746 ! cardiac muscle cell
xref: FMA:83112 ! Cardiac endomysium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011898
name: skeletal muscle endomysium
def: "Reticular tissue which surrounds a skeletal muscle cell." [FMA:86022]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011895 ! endomysium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: surrounds CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell
xref: FMA:86022 ! Skeletal muscle endomysium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011899
name: epimysium
def: "Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. The Epimysium also protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones." [Wikipedia:Epimysium]
synonym: "epimysia" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Epimysium]
synonym: "fascia of muscle organ" EXACT  [FMA:9726]
is_a: UBERON:0011822 {source="FMA"} ! dense irregular connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001134 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
xref: FMA:9726 ! epimysium
xref: ncithesaurus:Epimysium ! epimysium
xref: UMLS:C0504096

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011900
name: perimysium
def: "The fibrous sheath enveloping each of the primary bundles of skeletal muscle fibers." [Wikipedia:Perimysium, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/perimysium]
synonym: "fascia of muscle fasciculus" EXACT  [FMA:9728]
is_a: UBERON:0011822 {source="FMA"} ! dense irregular connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001134 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal muscle tissue
xref: FMA:9728 ! perimysium
xref: ncithesaurus:Perimysium ! perimysium
xref: SCTID:63406008 ! Perimysium
xref: UMLS:C0224087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006805
name: sternal end of clavicle
def: "Medial end of the clavicle, which usually lies on the ventral side of the epicoracoid cartilage, just posterior to the epicoracoid bridge." [AAO:0000812]
synonym: "extremitas sternalis (Clavicula)" EXACT [FMA:23297]
synonym: "medial end of clavicle" EXACT [FMA:23297]
synonym: "extremitas medialis" RELATED [AAO:0000812]
synonym: "medial end" RELATED [AAO:0000812]
xref: AAO:0000812 ! sternal end of clavicle
xref: FMA:23297 ! Sternal end of clavicle
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
xref: SCTID:181920009 ! Entire sternal end of clavicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010853
name: capitulum of humerus
def: "In human anatomy of the arm, the lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus. It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.." [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
comment: TODO - check AAO. Taxon notes: In birds, where forelimb anatomy has adaptation for flight, its functional if not ontogenetic equivalent is the dorsal condyle of the humerus[WP]
synonym: "capitellum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "capitulum of humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "dorsal condyle of the humerus" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "humeral capitulum" EXACT  [FMA:23373]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009988 {source="FMA"} ! condyle of humerus
xref: FMA:23373 ! capitulum of humerus
synonym: "capitulum humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Capitulumhumeri.PNG
xref: SCTID:282816008 ! Entire capitulum of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
name: condyle
def: "the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint - an articulation with another bone[WP]." [Wikipedia:Condyle_(anatomy)]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
xref: SCTID:91737009 ! Entire condyle
xref: ncithesaurus:Condyle ! Condyle
xref: FMA:75434 ! Condyle
xref: TAO:0002259 ! condyle
property_value: external_definition "Protuberance on a bone that participates in a joint with another bone.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002259", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
xref: galen:Condyle ! condyle
property_value: has_relational_adjective "condylar" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0524414

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009988
name: condyle of humerus
def: "the distal end of the humerus, including the trochlea, capitulum and the olecranon, coronoid and radial fossae" [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=19715]
synonym: "condylus humeri" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus
xref: SCTID:361778001 ! Entire condyle of humerus
xref: FMA:23377 ! Condyle of humerus
synonym: "humeral condyle" EXACT [FMA:23377]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009989 ! condyle of tibia
name: condyle of tibia
def: "One of the lateral or medial condyles of the tibia." [Wikipedia:Tibial_condyle]
synonym: "tibial condyle" EXACT [AAO:0000899]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008772 ! proximal epiphysis of tibia
xref: SCTID:182062002 ! Entire condyle of tibia
xref: AAO:0000899 ! tibial condyle
property_value: external_definition "Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the tibia.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000899", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009980 ! condyle of femur
name: condyle of femur
synonym: "femoral condyle" EXACT []
synonym: "condylus femoralis" EXACT []
synonym: "condylus femoris" EXACT []
synonym: "fibular condyle" RELATED [AAO:0000900]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004406 ! distal epiphysis of femur
xref: AAO:0000900 ! fibular condyle
xref: FMA:32855 ! Condyle of femur
property_value: external_definition "Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the fibula.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000900", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: SCTID:304912006 ! Condyle of femur
xref: galen:FemoralCondyle ! femoral condyle
def: "A condyle that is part of a distal epiphysis of femur." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009984
name: medial condyle of femur
def: "The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral (outer) condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of gravity being medial to the knee. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera (a ridge running down the posterior shaft of the femur) turns into the medial supracondylar ridge. The outermost protrusion on the medial surface of the medial condyle is referred to as the \"medial epicondyle\" and can be palpated by running fingers medially from the patella with the knee in flexion." [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "medial condyle of the femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "c. medialis femoris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur]
is_a: UBERON:0009980 ! condyle of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of femur
xref: FMA:32858 ! medial condyle of femur
xref: SCTID:182056007 ! Entire medial condyle of femur
synonym: "c. medialis femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray246.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009985
name: lateral condyle of femur
def: "The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. It is the more prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior and transverse diameters" [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "lateral condyle of the femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "c. lateralis femoris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur]
is_a: UBERON:0009980 ! condyle of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of femur
xref: FMA:32859 ! lateral condyle of femur
xref: SCTID:182057003 ! Entire lateral condyle of femur
synonym: "c. lateralis femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray246.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009990
name: medial condyle of tibia
def: "The medial condyle is the medial portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It is the site of insertion for the Semimembranosus muscle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia]
synonym: "condylus medialis (tibia)" EXACT  [FMA:35445]
synonym: "medial condyle of the tibia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia]
synonym: "medial tibial condyle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia]
is_a: UBERON:0009989 ! condyle of tibia
xref: FMA:35445 ! medial condyle of tibia
xref: SCTID:182066004 ! Entire medial condyle of tibia
synonym: "c. medialis tibiae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray257.png
xref: galen:MedialTibialCondyle ! medial tibial condyle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009991
name: lateral condyle of tibia
def: "The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It serves as the insertion for the Biceps femoris muscle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_tibia]
synonym: "condylus lateralis (tibia)" EXACT  [FMA:35448]
is_a: UBERON:0009989 ! condyle of tibia
xref: FMA:35448 ! lateral condyle of tibia
xref: SCTID:182067008 ! Entire lateral condyle of tibia
synonym: "c. lateralis tibiae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_tibia]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray257.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009978
name: epicondyle
def: "." [Wikipedia:Epicondyle]
comment: grouping class that collected the ect- and ep- icondyles of humerus and femur
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
subset: grouping_class
xref: FMA:75435 ! epicondyle
xref: SCTID:333209006 ! Entire epicondyle
xref: ncithesaurus:Epicondyle ! Epicondyle
synonym: "epicondylus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Epicondyle]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "epicondylar" xsd:string
xref: galen:Epicondyle ! epicondyle
xref: UMLS:C0222681

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006806
name: entepicondyle of humerus
def: "A bony projection on the distal epiphysis of the humerus that is the attachment site for the flexor muscles of the manus. This condyle faces posteriorly (for sprawling tetrapods) or medially (for erect tetrapods)." [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryE.html, PHENOSCAPE:ad]
synonym: "elbow pit" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "epicondylus medialis (humerus)" RELATED [FMA:23441]
synonym: "epicondylus medialis humeri" RELATED [AAO:0000782]
synonym: "medial epicondyle" BROAD [AAO:0000782]
synonym: "entepicondyle" EXACT [PHENOSCAPE:pm]
synonym: "ulnar condyle of humerus" RELATED [http://www.termiumplus.gc.ca]
synonym: "ventral epicondyle of humerus" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "medial epicondyle of humerus" RELATED HUMAN_PREFERRED [FMA:23441]
synonym: "e. medialis humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
xref: AAO:0000782 ! medial epicondyle
xref: FMA:23441 ! medial epicondyle of humerus
is_a: UBERON:0009978 {source="FMA"} ! epicondyle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of humerus
xref: SCTID:181929005 ! Entire medial epicondyle of humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray329-Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus.png
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/images/172x202xentepicondyleA1.gif.pagespeed.ic.EoVgrHaVyX.png
property_value: external_definition "Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus and medial to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the flexor muscles antogonistic to those that attach to the lateral epicondyle.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000782", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: galen:MedialHumeralEpicondyle ! medial humeral epicondyle
property_value: has_relational_adjective "entepicondylar" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013207
name: entepicondylar foramen
def: "The entepicondylar foramen is an opening in the distal (far) end of the humerus (upper arm bone) present in some mammals. It is often present in primitive placentals, such as the enigmatic Madagascan Plesiorycteropus. In most Neotominae and all Tylomyinae among cricetid rodents, it is located above the medial epicondyle of the humerus, but it is absent in all Sigmodontinae and Arvicolinae and this trait has been suggested as a synapomorphy for the former subfamily." [Wikipedia:Entepicondylar_foramen]
is_a: UBERON:0004111  ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006807
name: ectepicondyle of humerus
def: "A bony projection on the distal epiphysis of the humerus that is the attachment site for the extensor muscles of the distal parts of the forelimb. In humans, this is known as the lateral epicondyle, but the position varies across tetrapods." [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus, PMID:15064415, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryE.html, PHENOSCAPE:ad]
synonym: "epicondylus lateralis (humerus)" EXACT [FMA:23442]
synonym: "epicondylus lateralis humeri" RELATED [AAO:0000758]
synonym: "dorsal epicondyle of the humerus" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "lateral epicondyle of humerus" RELATED HUMAN_PREFERRED [FMA:23442]
synonym: "dorsal epicondyle of humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus, NCBITaxon:8782]
synonym: "lateral epicondyle" BROAD [AAO:0000758]
synonym: "ectepicondyle" BROAD [PMID:15064415]
synonym: "e. lateralis humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
xref: AAO:0000758 ! lateral epicondyle
xref: FMA:23442 ! lateral epicondyle of humerus
is_a: UBERON:0009978 {source="FMA"} ! epicondyle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of humerus
xref: SCTID:181933003 ! Entire lateral epicondyle of humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Gray420.png
property_value: external_definition "Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus (larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle) and lateral to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the mm extensor antebrachii et carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, and in part to the m extensor antebrachii et carpi ulnaris.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000758", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: galen:LateralHumeralEpicondyle ! lateral humeral epicondyle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009986
name: lateral epicondyle of femur
def: "The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. Directly below it is a small depression from which a smooth well-marked groove curves obliquely upward and backward to the posterior extremity of the condyle." [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
synonym: "lateral femoral epicondyle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
synonym: "epicondylus lateralis (femur)" EXACT  [FMA:32867]
is_a: UBERON:0009978 {source="FMA"} ! epicondyle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009985 {source="FMA"} ! lateral condyle of femur
xref: FMA:32867 ! lateral epicondyle of femur
xref: SCTID:209275007 ! Entire lateral epicondyle of femur
synonym: "e. lateralis femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray246.png
xref: galen:LateralFemoralEpicondyle ! lateral femoral epicondyle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009987
name: medial epicondyle of femur
def: "The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bone's distal end. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or \"tendinous insertion\", of the adductor magnus. This tendinous part here forms an intermuscular septum which forms the medial separation between the thigh's flexors and extensors. Behind it, and proximally to the medial condyle is a rough impression which gives origin to the medial head of the Gastrocnemius." [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
synonym: "medial femoral epicondyle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
synonym: "epicondylus medialis (femur)" EXACT  [FMA:32864]
is_a: UBERON:0009978 {source="FMA"} ! epicondyle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009984 {source="FMA"} ! medial condyle of femur
xref: FMA:32864 ! medial epicondyle of femur
xref: SCTID:209172001 ! Entire medial epicondyle of femur
synonym: "epicondylus medialis femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Gray345.png
xref: galen:MedialFemoralEpicondyle ! medial femoral epicondyle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006809
name: obsolete supporting connective tissue
def: "Specialized connective tissue is a connective tissue, which consists of osteocytes and chondrocytes, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified or calcified.[FMA]" [FMA:37374, FMA:FMA]
comment: made obsolete because FMA:37374 is a General anatomical term rather than a true class in the FMA
synonym: "specialized connective tissue" EXACT [FMA:37374]
consider: AAO:0000571 ! specialized connective tissue
consider: FMA:37374 ! Supporting connective tissue
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006822 ! proximal epiphysis of ulna
name: proximal epiphysis of ulna
def: "The head of ulna presents an articular surface, part of which, of an oval or semilunar form, is directed downward, and articulates with the upper surface of the triangular articular disk which separates it from the wrist-joint; the remaining portion, directed lateralward, is narrow, convex, and received into the ulnar notch of the radius." [Wikipedia:Head_of_ulna]
synonym: "head of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33751]
synonym: "proximal end of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33751]
synonym: "upper end of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33751]
xref: FMA:33751 ! proximal epiphysis of ulna
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
synonym: "caput ulnae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:33751]
xref: galen:HeadOfUlna
xref: SCTID:304590006 ! Entire proximal end of ulna
synonym: "caput ulnae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Head_of_ulna]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006810
name: olecranon
def: "The olecranon is a large, thick, curved bony eminence of the forearm that projects behind the elbow. It is situated at the upper (proximal) end of the ulna, one of the two bones in the forearm. When the hand faces forward the olecranon faces towards the back (posteriorly). It is bent forward at the summit so as to present a prominent lip which is received into the olecranon fossa of the humerus in extension of the forearm. Its base is contracted where it joins the body and the narrowest part of the upper end of the ulna. Its posterior surface, directed backward, is triangular, smooth, subcutaneous, and covered by a bursa. Its superior surface is of quadrilateral form, marked behind by a rough impression for the insertion of the Triceps brachii; and in front, near the margin, by a slight transverse groove for the attachment of part of the posterior ligament of the elbow-joint. Its anterior surface is smooth, concave, and forms the upper part of the semilunar notch. Its borders present continuations of the groove on the margin of the superior surface; they serve for the attachment of ligaments, viz. , the back part of the ulnar collateral ligament medially, and the posterior ligament laterally. From the medial border a part of the Flexor carpi ulnaris arises; while to the lateral border the anconeus muscle is attached." [Wikipedia:Olecranon]
comment: Check AAO
synonym: "olecranon process of ulna" EXACT [Wikipedia:Olecranon]
synonym: "olecranon process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Olecranon]
synonym: "ulnar process" RELATED [AAO:0000843]
xref: AAO:0000843 ! olecranon
xref: FMA:39795 ! Olecranon
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006822 ! proximal epiphysis of ulna
xref: ncithesaurus:Olecranon ! Olecranon
xref: SCTID:181949001 ! Entire olecranon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gray212.png
property_value: external_definition "Large and thick process situated at the proximal (upper) end of the ulna. Its inner face forms the medial articular surface that articulates with the humeral head.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000843", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
xref: UMLS:C0223710

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006811
name: occipital condyle
def: "The occipital condyles are undersurface facets of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra. The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum. The articular surfaces of the condyles are convex from before backward and from side to side, and look downward and lateralward. To their margins are attached the capsules of the atlantoC6ccipital articulations, and on the medial side of each is a rough impression or tubercle for the alar ligament. At the base of either condyle the bone is tunnelled by a short canal, the hypoglossal canal." [Wikipedia:Occipital_condyle, Wikipedia:Exoccipital_condyle]
comment: birds have a single occipital condyle, mammals have two[WP]
xref: AAO:0000330 ! occipital condyle
xref: FMA:52861 ! Occipital condyle
synonym: "exoccipital condyle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Exoccipital_condyle]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001693 ! exoccipital bone
synonym: "condylus occipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipital_condyle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Gray129.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006812
name: mental foramen
def: "The mental foramen is one of two holes (\"foramina\") located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels. The mental foramen descends slightly in edentulous individuals." [Wikipedia:Mental_foramen]
synonym: "foramen mentalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mental_foramen]
synonym: "mental foramina" EXACT PLURAL [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000298 ! mental foramen
xref: FMA:53171 ! Mental foramen
is_a: UBERON:0005744 {source="FMA"} ! cranial conduit
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
xref: SCTID:244686000 ! Mental foramen
synonym: "foramen mentale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mental_foramen]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006813
name: nasal skeleton
def: "Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts." [AAO:0000320]
synonym: "skeleton of nose" EXACT [FMA:60116]
xref: AAO:0000320 ! nasal skeleton
xref: FMA:60116 ! Nasal skeleton
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 {source="FMA"} ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 {source="Kardong-abduced", notes="facial series"} ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011156 ! facial skeleton
xref: SCTID:281486007 ! Entire nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011167
name: septomaxilla bone
def: "Paired, intramembranous bones located within the nasal capsules and embedded in the nasal cartilages; it is pierced by the ductus nasolacrimalis." [AAO:0000556]
comment: A small dermal bone of the facial series that is often absent; when present it is usually sunken beneath the surface bones and aids in forming the nasal cavity
synonym: "internasale" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "intranasal" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "lacrimale" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "le cornet" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "nariale" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "nasale" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "os internasale" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "os nariale" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "septomaxillary" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "turbinale" RELATED  [AAO:0000556]
synonym: "septomaxilla" EXACT [AAO:0000556]
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 {source="AAO"} ! nasal skeleton
xref: AAO:0000556 ! septomaxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006815
name: areolar connective tissue
def: "Loose connective tissue located at the outer and inner layers of organs. Examples: submucosal connective tissue, tunica adventitia of artery, papillary dermis, superficial fascia of dorsum of hand.[FMA]" [FMA:63897, FMA:FMA]
synonym: "loose connective tissue" RELATED [AAO:0000027]
synonym: "loose areolar connective tissue" EXACT [FMA:63897]
xref: AAO:0000027 ! areolar connective tissue
xref: FMA:63897 ! Areolar connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0011825 {source="FMA"} ! loose connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
relationship: has_part CL:1000303 {source="FMA"} ! fibroblast of areolar connective tissue
xref: SCTID:68477002 ! Loose areolar connective tissue
property_value: external_definition "Also known as loose connective tissue. A pliable, mesh-like tissue with a fluid matrix that functions to cushion and protect body organs.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000027", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000027", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006820
name: body of sternum
def: "The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end." [Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum]
comment: AAO - Proximal portion of the sternum, usually elaborated into a stylum that may be ossified. [AAO:0000939]
synonym: "body of the sternum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum]
synonym: "gladiolus of sternum" EXACT [FMA:7487]
synonym: "mesosternum" EXACT [FMA:7487]
synonym: "sternal body" EXACT [FMA:7487]
xref: AAO:0000939 ! mesosternum
xref: FMA:7487 ! Body of sternum
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
xref: SCTID:361743001 ! Entire body of sternum
synonym: "corpus sterni" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray116.png
property_value: external_definition "Proximal portion of the sternum, usually elaborated into a stylum that may be ossified.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000939", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:LAP"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011604 ! carina of sternum
name: carina of sternum
def: "An extension of the sternum (breastbone) which runs axially along the midline of the sternum and extends outward, perpendicular to the plane of the ribs[WP]." [Wikipedia:Keel_(bird)]
synonym: "keel" BROAD []
synonym: "carina" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Aves
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060361 ! flight
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006679 ! carina of trachea
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Br%C3%A9chet.png/180px-Br%C3%A9chet.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011605
name: supracoracoideus
def: "'A muscle in the bird's thorax region that originates from carina of the sternum, furcula, and sternal ribs and inserts onto proximal dorsal surface of the humerus. It acts as a primary elevator of the wing in upstroke. [Manual of Ornithology: Avian Structure and Function, by Proctor and Lynch, 1998]." [ID:KFC0000604]
synonym: "pectoralis minor" RELATED  [ID:KFC0000604]
is_a: UBERON:0008196 ! muscle of pectoral girdle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0011604 ! carina of sternum
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007841 ! furcula
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Wing_Muscles%2C_color.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006821
name: cutaneous muscle
xref: AAO:0000119 ! cutaneous muscles
xref: FMA:74996 ! Cutaneous muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk
xref: ncithesaurus:Cutaneous_Muscle ! Cutaneous Muscle
xref: UMLS:C1184459

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006837
name: tegmen tympani
def: "The Tegmental Wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis) is formed by a thin plate of bone, the tegmen tympani, which separates the cranial and tympanic cavities. It is situated on the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone close to its angle of junction with the squama temporalis; it is prolonged backward so as to roof in the tympanic antrum, and forward to cover in the semicanal for the Tensor tympani muscle. Its lateral edge corresponds with the remains of the petrosquamous suture[Grays] ." [http://education.yahoo.com/reference/gray/subjects/subject/230]
comment: todo - check AAO; grouping is made on basis of related synonym. Crista parotica: seems to be the same as the crista prootica. However, since this lateral ridge of the otic capsule is frequently formed by the opisthotic, rather than the prootic, this may be a better name.; Crista prootica: a ledge or ridge which elaborates the dorsal surface of the prootic or, more generally, the roof of the otic capsule, laterally. The crista may extend posteriorly & laterally, continuous with the paroccipital process, and/or anteriorly or anteroventrally to protect cranial nerve foramina and form part of the fenestra ovalis/vestibuli. In basal tetrapodomorphs and tetrapods, the crista prootica forms the floor of the posttemporal fenestra. See The Prootic. In many tetrapods, the crista prootica is not ossified, or incompletely ossified. However, in frogs, the crista is the main strut joining the skull roofing bones (frontoparietals) with the squamosals. The crista prootica has a similarly expanded role in mammals where it forms an important part of the epitympanic recess and anchors the tympanohyal.[http://www.palaeos.com]
subset: dubious_grouping
synonym: "tegmental roof of tympanic cavity" EXACT [FMA:56002]
synonym: "tegmental wall of tympanic cavity" EXACT [FMA:56002]
synonym: "processus muscularis capsulae auditivae" RELATED [AAO:0000116]
synonym: "processus squamosus" RELATED HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000116]
synonym: "crista parotica" RELATED HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000116]
synonym: "crista prootica" RELATED HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000116, http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Lists/Glossary/GlossaryCr.html]
xref: AAO:0000116 ! crista parotica
xref: FMA:56002 ! Tegmen tympani
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear
synonym: "paries tegmentalis cavi tympani" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:56002]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006838
name: anterior ramus of spinal nerve
def: "The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. In the thoracic region they remain distinct from each other and each innervates a narrow strip of muscle and skin along the sides, chest, ribs, and abdominal wall. These rami are called the intercostal nerves. In regions other than the thoracic, ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called nerve plexuses. Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and become redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several different spinal nerves. One advantage to having plexuses is that damage to a single spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb. There are four main plexuses formed by the ventral rami: The cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1-C5. Branches of the cervical plexus, which include the phrenic nerve, innervate muscles of the neck, the diaphragm, and the skin of the neck and upper chest. The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1. This plexus innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L4. The sacral plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L4-S4. The lumbar and sacral plexuses innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. The Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments and joints other spinal nerves to form the lumbo-sacral plexus." [Wikipedia:Anterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve]
synonym: "anterior primary ramus of spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:5982]
synonym: "ramus anterior" BROAD [FMA:5982]
synonym: "ventral ramus of spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:5982]
xref: FMA:5982 ! Anterior ramus of spinal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0005476 ! spinal nerve trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001780 ! spinal nerve
synonym: "ramus anterior nervi spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Spinal_nerve.svg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006839
name: posterior ramus of spinal nerve
def: "The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. They are also referred to as the dorsal rami. They are directed backward, and, with the exceptions of those of the first cervical, the fourth and fifth sacral, and the coccygeal, divide into medial and lateral branches for the supply of the muscles and skin of the posterior part of the trunk. Shortly after a spinal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen, it branches into the dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and rami communicantes. Each of these latter three structures carries both sensory and motor information. Because each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, spinal nerves are referred to as bmixed nerves. b Dorsal rami carry visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back. Dorsal rami remain distinct from each other, and each innervates a narrow strip of skin and muscle along the back, more or less at the level from which the ramus leaves the spinal nerve. The smaller, posteriorly-directed major terminal branch (with the ventral primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen and turning abruptly posteriorly to divide into lateral and medial branches, both of which will supply the deep (true) muscles of the back. The medial branch (rami medialis) of the dorsal primary ramus also supplies articular branches to the zygopophyseal joints and the periosteum of the vertebral arch. In the neck and upper back, the medial branch continues through the deep and superficial back muscles to supply overlying skin; in the lower back, the lateral branch does this. Nomina Anatomica lists dorsal primary rami as \"rami dorsales\" for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium), and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei). Synonyms: ramus dorsalis nervorum spinalium, ramus dorsalis, rami posteriores nervorum spinalium, dorsal branch, posterior primary division." [Wikipedia:Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve]
synonym: "dorsal ramus" EXACT [FMA:5983]
synonym: "dorsal ramus of spinal nerve" EXACT [FMA:5983]
synonym: "posterior primary ramus" EXACT [FMA:5983]
synonym: "ramus posterior" BROAD [FMA:5983]
xref: FMA:5983 ! Posterior ramus of spinal nerve
is_a: UBERON:0001021 ! nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0005476 ! spinal nerve trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001780 ! spinal nerve
xref: AAO:0010800 ! ramus dorsal
synonym: "ramus posterior nervi spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray819.png
property_value: external_definition "A thin ramus which branches from the common trunk of the PLLN when it separates from the postotic ganglionic complex. It turns dorsally and extends over the trunk and dorsal fin innervating the dorsal line of neuromasts.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010800", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:SIQ"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass posterior lateral line nerve (PLLN) (AAO:0010115)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010800", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006841
name: central vein of liver
def: "Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver." [ZFA:0005168]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "terminal branch of hepatic vein" EXACT [FMA:17544]
synonym: "terminal hepatic venule" EXACT [FMA:17544]
synonym: "vena centralis (Hepar)" EXACT [FMA:17544]
xref: ZFA:0005168 ! central vein
xref: FMA:17544 ! Central vein of liver
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004647 ! liver lobule
xref: SCTID:272023004 ! Entire central vein of liver
xref: TAO:0005168 ! central vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010523
name: microcirculatory vessel
def: "A portion of tissue that consists of a tube composed of epithelial cells that connects larger vessels." [ZFA:0005251]
synonym: "microcirculatory vessels" RELATED PLURAL [TAO:0005251]
xref: TAO:0005251 ! microcirculatory vessels
is_a: UBERON:0000055 ! vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002049 {source="ZFA"} ! vasculature
xref: ZFA:0005251 ! microcirculatory vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006842
name: lymphatic capillary
def: "Microvessel of the lymphatic system lined with a single layer of overlapping endothelial cells. Joins to form the lymphatic vessels." [ZFA:0005252]
comment: todo - check superclass
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lymph capillary" EXACT [FMA:5028]
xref: ZFA:0005252 ! lymphatic capillary
xref: FMA:5028 ! Lymphatic capillary
is_a: UBERON:0010523 {source="ZFA"} ! microcirculatory vessel
is_a: UBERON:0001473 {source="FMA"} ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004536 ! lymph vasculature
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Capillary ! Lymphatic Capillary
xref: TAO:0005252 ! lymphatic capillary
property_value: external_definition "Microvessel of the lymphatic system lined with a single layer of overlapping endothelial cells.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005252", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: UMLS:C0162405

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006843
name: root of cranial nerve
subset: vertebrate_core
comment: Editor note: recommend asserting under this class rather than relying on inference, as relations may change
synonym: "cranial nerve root" EXACT [FMA:52609]
synonym: "cranial neural root" EXACT [FMA:52609]
xref: ZFA:0001663 ! cranial nerve root
xref: FMA:52609 ! Root of cranial nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0002211 ! nerve root
intersection_of: continuous_with UBERON:0001785 ! cranial nerve
xref: SCTID:280161004 ! Cranial nerve root
xref: TAO:0002190 ! cranial nerve root
def: "A nerve root that continuous_with a cranial nerve." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006844
name: cusp of tooth
comment: This class may be obsoleted and split - the TAO class is generic, the mammalian class refers specifically to a molariform tooth
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tooth cusp" EXACT [FMA:56481]
synonym: "cusp" BROAD []
synonym: "tooth cone" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: ZFA:0005434 ! tooth cusp
xref: FMA:56481 ! Cusp of tooth
is_a: UBERON:0000476 {source="ZFA"} ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003675 {source="FMA"} ! tooth crown
xref: SCTID:362107000 ! Entire cusp of tooth
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth_Cusp ! tooth cusp
xref: TAO:0001973 ! tooth cusp
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, prominence, or point that is part of the surface of a tooth.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001973", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: external_definition "the elevated, somewhat pointed portions of the chewing surfaces on premolar and molar teeth" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-28", source="http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/glossary.htm"}
xref: UMLS:C0226994

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007115
name: deciduous tooth
def: "One of the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many other mammals[WP]. The 20 teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth, usually by the age of six years. All deciduous teeth are normally expected to erupt by the age of two and a half years[MESH]." [MESH:A14.254.860.700, Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth]
comment: GAT in FMA. 
synonym: "temporary tooth" EXACT [FMA:55655]
synonym: "primary tooth" EXACT [FMA:55655]
xref: MESH:A14.254.860.700
xref: GAID:1266 ! deciduous tooth
xref: FMA:55655 ! primary tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007116 ! primary dentition
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporary_Tooth ! Temporary Tooth
xref: SCTID:245612004 ! Entire deciduous tooth
synonym: "dentes decidui" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Deciduous_teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0040455

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007775
name: secondary tooth
def: "Permanent teeth are the second set of teeth formed in humans[WP]." [Wikipedia:Permanent_teeth]
comment: GAT in FMA
synonym: "permanent tooth" EXACT  [FMA:55654]
xref: FMA:55654 ! secondary tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007774 ! secondary dentition
xref: ncithesaurus:Permanent_Tooth ! Permanent Tooth
xref: SCTID:245563006 ! Entire permanent tooth
synonym: "dentes permanentes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Permanent_teeth]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0348070

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007776
name: unerupted tooth
def: "A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group." [MESH:A14.254.860.715]
synonym: "unerupted teeth" RELATED  [GAID:1268]
xref: MESH:A14.254.860.715
xref: GAID:1268 ! unerupted tooth
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009977
name: natal tooth
def: "Predeciduous teeth present at birth. They may be well formed and normal or may represent hornified epithelial structures without roots. They are found on the gingivae over the crest of the ridge and arise from accessory buds of the dental lamina ahead of the deciduous buds or from buds of the accessory dental lamina. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)" [MESH:A14.254.860.700.500]
synonym: "natal tooth" RELATED  [GAID:1267]
xref: MESH:A14.254.860.700.500
is_a: UBERON:0007115 {source="GAID"} ! deciduous tooth
xref: GAID:1267 ! natal teeth
synonym: "natal teeth" EXACT PLURAL [GAID:1267]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007116 ! primary dentition
name: primary dentition
def: "The set of teeth first in order or time of development that will be replaced by permanent dentition upon their loss." [MESH:A14.254.245]
synonym: "baby teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "primary teeth" EXACT [GAID:1266]
synonym: "deciduous teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "milk teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "primary teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "set of deciduous teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "set of primary teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "deciduous dentition" RELATED [GAID:1252]
synonym: "tooth of primary dentition" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75151 ! primary dentition
xref: MESH:A14.254.245
xref: GAID:1252 ! primary dentition
is_a: UBERON:0003672 ! dentition
synonym: "dentes decidui" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75151]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007774 ! secondary dentition
name: secondary dentition
def: "The teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)" [MESH:A14.254.237]
synonym: "adult dentition" RELATED  [GAID:1251]
synonym: "secondary dentition" RELATED  [GAID:1251]
synonym: "permanent teeth" EXACT  [FMA:75152]
synonym: "set of permanent teeth" EXACT  [FMA:75152]
synonym: "set of secondary teeth" EXACT  [FMA:75152]
synonym: "permanent dentition" EXACT [GAID:1251]
xref: FMA:75152 ! secondary dentition
xref: MESH:A14.254.237
xref: GAID:1251 ! permanent dentition
is_a: UBERON:0003672 {source="FMA"} ! dentition
intersection_of: UBERON:0003672 ! dentition
intersection_of: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0007116 ! primary dentition
synonym: "dentes permanentes" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75152]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007799
name: mixed dentition
def: "The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)" [MESH:A14.254.229]
synonym: "transitional dentition" EXACT  [GAID:1250]
xref: MESH:A14.254.229
xref: GAID:1250 ! mixed dentition
is_a: UBERON:0003672 {source="GAID"} ! dentition
xref: SCTID:245545006 ! Mixed dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006845
name: abductor muscle
def: "A muscle that moves a body part away from the sagittal plane/midline of the body[ZFA]. For example, the abductor muscles of the legs spread the legs away from the midline and away from one another. An abductor muscle opposes an adductor muscle[BTO]." [ZFA:0005269]
comment: note that in FMA the Adbuctor muscle is a subclass of Relation. It's unclear what this actually means, we leave it here as a grouping for now
subset: grouping_class
xref: ZFA:0005269 ! abductor muscle
xref: FMA:74997 ! Abductor muscle
xref: BTO:0004642 ! abductor
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
xref: TAO:0002135 ! abductor muscle
property_value: external_definition "A muscle that moves a body part away from the sagittal plane of the body.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002135", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFA:curator"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass cranial muscle (TAO:0001953)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002135", date_retrieved="2012-08-14"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006846 ! groove
name: groove
def: "Anatomical line that delineates a furrow or depression in an organ or tissue." [ZFA:0001690]
subset: grouping_class
xref: ZFA:0001690 ! groove
xref: FMA:75037 ! Groove
xref: EHDAA2:0003161 ! groove
xref: AEO:0000161 ! groove
is_a: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line
xref: AAO:0010276 ! groove
xref: TAO:0001838 ! groove

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012079
name: metapterygial axis
def: "proximodistal trajectory through a metapterygium[Wagner]" []
comment: persisted in sacropterygians, precursor to limb axis
is_a: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006847
name: cerebellar commissure
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "commissura cerebelli" EXACT [ZFA:0000490]
xref: ZFA:0000490 ! commissura cerebelli
xref: FMA:77522 ! Cerebellar commissure
is_a: UBERON:0001020 ! commissure
is_a: UBERON:0002317 ! white matter of cerebellum
xref: TAO:0000490 ! commissura cerebelli

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006848
name: posterior pretectal nucleus
def: "Diencephalic nucleus that is part of the superficial pretectum and is rostrally contiguous with the magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus. Cells of the caudal pretectal nucleus are slightly smaller and less orderly around a central neuropil than those of the magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain." [ZFA:0000631]
subset: dubious_grouping
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "caudal pretectal nuclei" EXACT [ZFA:0000631]
synonym: "posterior pretectal nucleus" EXACT [ZFA:0000631]
xref: ZFA:0000631 ! caudal pretectal nucleus
xref: FMA:84355 ! posterior pretectal nucleus
xref: ABA:PPT ! Posterior pretectal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0006569 ! diencephalic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002996 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of optic tract
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002711 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of posterior commissure
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002565 {source="ABA"} ! olivary pretectal nucleus
xref: TAO:0000631 ! caudal pretectal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006851
name: renal cortex peritubular capillary
xref: MA:0002590 ! renal cortex peritubular capillary
intersection_of: UBERON:0005272 ! peritubular capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
synonym: "kidney cortex peritubular capillary" EXACT [MA:0002590]
def: "A peritubular capillary that is part of a cortex of kidney." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006852
name: glomerular visceral epithelium
synonym: "podocyte layer" RELATED [MA:0002607]
xref: MA:0002607 ! glomerular visceral epithelium
xref: EMAPA:28254 ! visceral epithelium of glomerular tuft
is_a: UBERON:0004188 ! glomerular epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000074 ! renal glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006853
name: renal cortex tubule
xref: MA:0002609 ! renal cortex tubule
xref: EMAPA:18976 ! cortical renal tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0007685 ! region of renal tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {source="MA"} ! cortex of kidney
synonym: "kidney cortex tubule" EXACT [MA:0002609]
synonym: "cortical tubule" RELATED [MA:0002609]
def: "A region of nephron tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006376
name: premacula segment of distal straight tubule
def: "." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3123600&group_id=76834&atid=1205376, PMID:14595018]
synonym: "renal medulla thick ascending limb" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "renal medulla loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "kidney medulla loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop" EXACT [MA:th]
xref: MA:0002628 ! distal straight tubule premacula segment
xref: EMAPA:28331 ! premacula segment of distal straight tubule of loop of Henle, outer medullary portion
xref: EMAPA:29683 ! premacula segment of distal straight tubule of loop of Henle of inner stripe of outer medulla
xref: EMAPA:31379 ! premacula segment of distal straight tubule of distal straight tubule of renal distal tubule
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001291 {source="MA"} ! thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006541 {source="MA"} ! outer medulla inner stripe loop of henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006542 {source="MA"} ! outer medulla outer stripe loop of henle
synonym: "distal straight tubule premacula segment" EXACT [MA:0002628]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006854
name: distal straight tubule postmacula segment
def: "." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3123598&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
synonym: "renal cortex thick ascending limb" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "renal cortex loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "kidney cortex loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop" EXACT [MA:th]
xref: MA:0002615 ! distal straight tubule postmacula segment
xref: EMAPA:28402 ! postmacula segment
is_a: UBERON:0007685 ! region of nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001291 {source="MA"} ! thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006853 {source="MA"} ! renal cortex tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000060
alt_id: UBERON:0009915
name: anatomical wall
def: "Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers." [FMA:82482]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, serosa is a wall
subset: upper_level
synonym: "wall" EXACT []
xref: galen:Wall ! wall
xref: EMAPA:25036 ! wall
xref: FMA:82482 ! wall of organ
synonym: "wall of organ" EXACT [FMA:82482]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: has_part UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
synonym: "organ wall" RELATED [FMA:82482]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009916
name: wall of ureter
synonym: "ureteral wall" EXACT  [FMA:15888]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000060 ! anatomical wall
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
xref: FMA:15888 ! wall of ureter
xref: SCTID:279397004 ! Wall of ureter
def: "An anatomical wall that is part of a ureter." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006855 ! ureter muscle layer
name: ureter muscle layer
xref: MA:0002654 ! ureter muscle layer
xref: FMA:15893 ! muscular layer of ureter
xref: SCTID:3563003 ! Muscularis of ureter
xref: EMAPA:28567 ! middle layer
synonym: "ureteral smooth muscle layer" RELATED [EMAPA:28567]
synonym: "muscular layer of ureter" EXACT [FMA:15893]
synonym: "muscular coat of ureter" EXACT  [FMA:15893]
synonym: "muscularis of ureter" EXACT  [FMA:15893]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (ureter)" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "tunica muscularis ureteris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009916 {source="FMA"} ! wall of ureter
def: "A muscle layer that is part of a ureter." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006869 ! electric organ
name: electric organ
def: "A specialized tract of tissue (as in the electric eel) in which electricity is generated." [BTO:0000376, Wikipedia:Electric_organ]
comment: todo - request go term for function assignment; todo - add CL term for electrocyte // modified muscle or nerve cells, which became specialized for producing bioelectric fields stronger than those that normal nerves or muscles produce (Albert and Crampton, 2006)
xref: GAID:1210 ! electric organ
xref: MESH:A13.332 ! electric organ
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7898 ! Actinopterygii
xref: TAO:0002037 ! electric organ
property_value: external_definition "Organ that is used to produce an electric field, i.e. an electric organ discharge (EOD).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002037", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011287
name: rostral organ   
def: "A putative electroreceptor organ located in the medial rostral cavity in the ethmoid portion of the chondrocranium of Coelocanths. It is surrounded by an insulating layer of adipose tissue and innervated by the superficial ophthalmic nerve." [Wikipedia:Rostral_organ]
comment: classification as electric organ is putative
is_a: UBERON:0006869 ! electric organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011241 ! ethmoid region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010519
name: tail electric organ
synonym: "electric organ of tail" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0006869 ! electric organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002415 ! tail
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002415 {source="BTO"} ! tail
xref: BTO:0000376 ! electric organ
def: "An electric organ that is part of a tail." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010520
name: head electric organ
comment: Taxon notes: electric ray
intersection_of: UBERON:0006869 ! electric organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
def: "An electric organ that is part of a head." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006870
name: endostyle
def: "An endostyle is a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles. It is found in urochordates and cephalochordates, and in the larvae of lampreys. It aids in transporting food to the esophagus. It is also called the hypopharyngeal groove. The endostyle in larval lampreys (ammocetes) metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults, and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid gland in vertebrates. However, Dumont, et al. question whether the endostyle in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalochordates. Since the endostyle is found in the three branches of chordates, it is presumed to have arisen in the common ancestor of these taxa, along with a shift to internal feeding for extracting suspended food from the water." [Wikipedia:Endostyle]
comment: Dumont, et al. question whether the endostyle in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalochordates[WP].
synonym: "hypopharyngeal groove" RELATED [BTO:0003173]
xref: BTO:0003173 ! endostyle
xref: ANISEED:1235299 ! Endostyle
is_a: UBERON:0006846 ! groove
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006562 ! pharynx
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7711 {source="Wikipedia:Endostyle"} ! Chordata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000949  {source="http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/ammocoetes.html"} ! endocrine system
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002046 ! thyroid gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006909
name: lumen of gut
synonym: "gut lumen" EXACT [FMA:45677]
synonym: "lumen of digestive tract" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lumen of alimentary tract" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "digestive tract lumen" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "gut cavity" EXACT [BTO:0000349]
xref: FMA:45677 ! lumen of gut
xref: BTO:0000349 ! gut cavity
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001555 ! digestive tract
def: "An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006911
name: digestive system fluid or secretion
xref: MA:0002512 ! digestive system fluid or secretion
xref: BTO:0000346 ! digestive juice
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: secreted_by UBERON:0001007 ! digestive system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007113 ! venom
name: venom
def: "Poisonous animal secretions forming fluid mixtures of many different enzymes, toxins, and other substances. These substances are produced in specialized glands and secreted through specialized delivery systems (nematocysts, spines, fangs, etc.) for disabling prey or predator." [MESH:A12.200.935, Wikipedia:Venom]
comment: Note we include a separate class for snake venom
synonym: "zootoxin" RELATED [MESH:Wikipedia:Venom]
subset: grouping_class
xref: MESH:A12.200.935 ! venom
xref: BTO:0001439 ! venom
is_a: UBERON:0000456 ! bodily secretion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011579
name: venom gland
def: "A gland that secretes venom." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note we include a separate class for snake venom glands
subset: functional_classification
intersection_of: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0007113 ! venom
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda 
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7898 ! Actinopterygii
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8314 ! Salamandridae
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9257 ! Ornithorhynchus
xref: SCTID:362181001 ! Entire venom gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011580
name: platypus crural gland
def: "A kidney-shaped alveolar glands located in the upper thigh connected by a thin-walled duct to a calcaneus spur, or calcar, on each hind lim" [Wikipedia:Platypus_venom#Spur_and_crural_gland]
is_a: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
relationship: secretes UBERON:0007113 ! venom
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011581 ! calcaneus spur
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9257 ! Ornithorhynchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011581
name: platypus calcaneus spur
comment: Taxon notes: The female platypus, in common with echidnas, has rudimentary spur buds which do not develop (dropping off before the end of their first year) and lack functional crural glands. Not to be confused with 'calcaneal spur', a small osteophyte (bone spur) located on the calcaneus (heel bone)
synonym: "calcaneus spur" RELATED []
synonym: "ankle spur" RELATED []
synonym: "poisonous ankle spur" RELATED []
synonym: "hind-leg spur" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9257 ! Ornithorhynchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008976 ! snake venom gland
name: snake venom gland
def: "The venom gland of snakes is in actual fact a modified salivary gland and is linked to the groove in the fangs by a duct." [BTO:0001440]
comment: snake venom glands are modified salivary glands. In future this class may be merged into a more general modified salivary gland venom gland class
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="BTO"} ! exocrine gland
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001044 {source="BTO-modified"} ! salivary gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8570 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! Serpentes
relationship: secretes UBERON:0013076 ! snake venom
synonym: "poison gland" RELATED [BTO:0001440]
synonym: "venom gland" BROAD [BTO:0001440]
synonym: "venenosalivary gland" RELATED []
property_value: has_relational_adjective "venenosalivary" xsd:string
xref: BTO:0001440 ! venom gland
xref: SCTID:23993002 ! Venenosalivary gland structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013075
name: venom gland duct
synonym: "duct of venom gland" EXACT  []
xref: SCTID:38124005 ! Venom gland duct
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011579 ! venom gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013076
name: snake venom
def: "Solutions or mixtures of toxic and nontoxic substances elaborated by snake (Ophidia) salivary glands for the purpose of killing prey or disabling predators and delivered by grooved or hollow fangs. They usually contain enzymes, toxins, and other factors." [MESH:D24.185.965.850, Wikipedia:Snake_venom]
synonym: "venenosalivary venom" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0007113 ! venom
intersection_of: secreted_by UBERON:0008976 ! snake venom gland
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001836 ! saliva
xref: MESH:D24.185.965.850 ! snake venom

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013078
name: venom-injecting tooth
def: "A fang that is used to inject venom into prey, through either a tube or a groove" [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
synonym: "fang" RELATED []
synonym: "tubular tooth" RELATED []
synonym: "tubular fang" RELATED []
synonym: "grooved fang" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013106
name: elapid venom
def: "Venoms from snakes of the family Elapidae, including cobras, kraits, mambas, coral, tiger, and Australian snakes. The venoms contain polypeptide toxins of various kinds, cytolytic, hemolytic, and neurotoxic factors, but fewer enzymes than viper or crotalid venoms. Many of the toxins have been characterized." [MESH:D24.185.965.850.325]
synonym: "elapid venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.965.850.325]
is_a: UBERON:0013076 {source="MESH"} ! snake venom
xref: MESH:D24.185.965.850.325 ! elapid venom

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013110
name: hydrophid venom  
def: "Venoms of sea snakes, Hydrophiinae, found around Pacific islands. The venoms contain fewer enzymes and more neuro- or myotoxins than land snakes. The neurotoxic proteins are similar to elapid small, short, or type I neurotoxins, some of which have been characterized." [MESH:D24.185.965.850.480]
synonym: "hydrophid venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.965.850.480]
synonym: "sea snake venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.965.850.480]
is_a: UBERON:0013076 {source="MESH"} ! snake venom
xref: MESH:D24.185.965.850.480 ! hydrophid venom

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013112
name: viper venom
def: "Venoms from snakes of the viperid family. They tend to be less toxic than elapid or hydrophid venoms and act mainly on the vascular system, interfering with coagulation and capillary membrane integrity and are highly cytotoxic. They contain large amounts of several enzymes, other factors, and some toxins." [MESH:D24.185.965.850.960]
synonym: "cerastes venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.965.850.960]
synonym: "egyptian sand viper venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.965.850.960]
synonym: "viper venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.965.850.960]
synonym: "viperotoxin" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.965.850.960]
is_a: UBERON:0013076 {source="MESH"} ! snake venom
xref: MESH:D24.185.965.850.960 ! viper venom

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013114
name: compressor glandulae muscle
comment: only found in crotaline snakes, and has a spotty distribution within that group
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013116 ! venom gland musculature
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0004768 ! bone of lower jaw
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0008976 ! snake venom gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013115
name: pterygoideus glandulae muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0013116 ! venom gland musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013116 ! venom gland musculature
name: venom gland musculature
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006913
name: lip epithelium
xref: BTO:0004468 ! lip epithelium
xref: ZFA:0005334 ! lip epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001833 ! lip
xref: TAO:0005334 ! lip epithelium
property_value: external_definition "The thick, high squamous-stratified epithelium that covers the lips.  It contains abundant melanocytes, many mucous cells and has well differentiated taste buds.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005334", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12"}
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lip." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006958
name: great vein of heart
def: "The Great Cardiac Vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves to the left in the coronary sulcus, and reaching the back of the heart, opens into the left extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles: one, the left marginal vein, is of considerable size, and ascends along the left margin of the heart." [Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein]
synonym: "great cardiac vein" EXACT [FMA:4707]
synonym: "vena cordis magna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein]
synonym: "vena cardiaca magna" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein]
xref: FMA:4707 ! Great cardiac vein
xref: MA:0002131 ! great vein of heart
is_a: UBERON:0004148 ! cardiac vein
relationship: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000948 ! heart
xref: ncithesaurus:Great_Cardiac_Vein ! Great Cardiac Vein
xref: SCTID:277728005 ! Entire great cardiac vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004508 ! great cardiac vein
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Gray556.png
xref: UMLS:C0226659

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006959
name: mandible angular process
def: "a process which protrudes from the ventral caudal angle of the mandible, and acts as the attachment of the digastric muscle." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mandibular+angular+process]
synonym: "mandibular angle" RELATED [MA:0002873]
xref: MA:0002873 ! mandible angular process
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011345
name: pharyngeal raphe
def: "The Pharyngeal raphe is a raphe that serves as the origin and insertion for several of the pharyngeal constrictors." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_raphe]
comment: AO notes: isa anatomical line in FMA
synonym: "raphe pharyngis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_raphe]
xref: FMA:55077 ! pharyngeal raphe
xref: SCTID:179763009 ! Entire pharyngeal raphe
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006562 ! pharynx
disjoint_from: UBERON:0011346 ! palatine raphe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011346 ! palatine raphe
name: palatine raphe
def: "a raphe running across the palate, from the palatine uvula to the incisive papilla." [Wikipedia:Palatine_raphe]
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! secondary palate
comment: AO notes: isa anatomical line in FMA
synonym: "raphe palati" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palatine_raphe]
xref: FMA:75111 ! palatine raphe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011347
name: raphe of hard palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0011346 ! palatine raphe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate
xref: SCTID:368683007 ! Entire raphe of hard palate
def: "A palatine raphe that is part of a hard palate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011348
name: raphe of soft palate
intersection_of: UBERON:0011346 ! palatine raphe
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! soft palate
xref: SCTID:245785003 ! Entire raphe of soft palate
def: "A palatine raphe that is part of a soft palate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011349
name: pterygomandibular raphe
def: "The pterygomandibular raphe (pterygomandibular ligament) is a tendinous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached by one extremity to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and by the other to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible. Its medial surface is covered by the mucous membrane of the mouth. Its lateral surface is separated from the ramus of the mandible by a quantity of adipose tissue. Its posterior border gives attachment to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Its anterior border attaches to the posterior edge of the buccinator." [Wikipedia:Pterygomandibular_raphe]
comment: AO notes: isa anatomical line in FMA
synonym: "pterygomandibular ligament" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygomandibular_raphe]
synonym: "pterygomandibular raph%c3%a9" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygomandibular_raphe]
xref: FMA:55618 ! pterygomandibular raphe
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
xref: SCTID:142713007 ! Entire pterygomandibular raphe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011350
name: mylohyoid raphe
synonym: "raphe of the mylohyoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006960
name: ovary stroma
def: "The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis." [Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary_%28animal_tissue%29_of_ovary]
synonym: "stroma of the ovary" EXACT [Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary]
synonym: "ovary stroma" EXACT [MA:0002991]
synonym: "interstitial tissue of ovary" EXACT [FMA:18626]
synonym: "stroma ovarica" EXACT [FMA:18626]
xref: FMA:18626 ! Ovarian stroma
xref: MA:0002991 ! ovary stroma
xref: EMAPA:28880 ! mesenchymal stroma of ovary
xref: ncithesaurus:Stroma_of_the_Ovarian_Cortex ! stroma of the ovarian cortex
intersection_of: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
relationship: has_part CL:0002095 {source="FMA"} ! hilus cell of ovary
xref: SCTID:259306002 ! Entire interstitial tissue of ovary
synonym: "stroma ovarii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stroma_of_ovary]
synonym: "ovarian stroma" EXACT [FMA:18626]
xref: UMLS:C0737271
xref: CALOHA:TS-1246 ! Ovarian stroma

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006965 ! vascular cord
name: vascular cord
def: "The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]." [GO:0072360, ZFA:0005077]
xref: ZFA:0005077 ! vascular cord
xref: EFO:0003709 ! vascular cord
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004535 ! cardiovascular system
relationship: site_of GO:0048754 ! branching morphogenesis of a tube
relationship: has_part CL:0000566 ! angioblastic mesenchymal cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000115 ! endothelial cell
xref: TAO:0005077 ! vascular cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010894
name: keratinous tooth
comment: The hagfish's jawless mouth contains two parallel rows of pointed keratinous teeth
synonym: "horny denticle" EXACT [http://tolweb.org/Hyperoartia]
is_a: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure
relationship: has_part GO:0045095 ! keratin filament
subset: cyclostome_subset

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012105 ! baleen plate
name: baleen plate
def: "a keratinous sieve composed of bristles that enables filter feeding in the mouth of mysticete whales." [Wikipedia:baleen]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0012106 ! baleen plate bristle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012106
name: baleen plate bristle
def: "A keratinous bristle that enables filter feeding in the mouth of mysticete whales." [Wikipedia:baleen]
synonym: "fringe of baleen plate" EXACT []
synonym: "baleen plate fringe" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012105 ! baleen plate
relationship: has_part GO:0045095 ! keratin filament
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9721 ! Cetacea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013213
name: ossicone
def: "Ossicones are horn-like protuberances on the heads of giraffes, male okapis, and their extinct relatives, such as Sivatherium, and the climacoceratids, such as Climacoceras. Only giraffids have true ossicones (as opposed to horns or antlers). The base that a deer's antlers grow from is very similar to ossicones. Ossicones are similar to the horns of antelopes and cattle, save that they are derived from ossified cartilage, and that the ossicones remain covered in skin and fur, rather than horn. Antlers (such as on deer) are derived from bone tissue: when mature, the skin and fur covering of the antlers, termed \"velvet,\" is sloughed and scraped off to expose the bone of the antlers." [Wikipedia:Ossicone]
is_a: UBERON:0006969 ! cranial appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9892 ! Giraffidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006967 ! horn
name: horn
def: "a pointed projection of the skin on the head of various animals, consisting of a covering of horn (keratin and other proteins) surrounding a core of living bone." [Wikipedia:Horn_(anatomy)]
xref: MESH:A13.507 ! horn
xref: GAID:1225 ! horn
xref: SCTID:69221006 ! Horn structure
is_a: UBERON:0006969 ! cranial appendage
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="ISBN10:9780716717553"} ! Homo sapiens

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006968
name: keratin sheath of horn
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006967 ! horn
relationship: has_part GO:0045095 ! keratin filament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006969 ! cranial appendage
name: cranial appendage
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006970
name: bony core of horn
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006967 ! horn

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006971
name: antler
def: "Antlers are the usually large, branching bony appendages on the heads of most deer species." [Wikipedia:Antler]
xref: BTO:0001684 ! antler
xref: MESH:A13.507.288
xref: GAID:1226 ! antler
is_a: UBERON:0006969 ! cranial appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9850 ! Cervidae
xref: SCTID:410034008 ! Entire antler

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012458
name: antler velvet
def: "highly vascular skin called velvet that covers the antler whilst it grows, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone." [Wikipedia:Velvet_(antler_covering)]
synonym: "velvet of antler" EXACT  [SCTID:47282002]
xref: SCTID:47282002 ! Velvet of antler
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006971 ! antler

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012459
name: antler pedicle
def: "attachment point for antler on skull" [Wikipedia:Antler#Occurrence_and_function, Wikipedia:Pedicle_(cervidae)]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006971 ! antler

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013073
name: rattle
def: "." [Wikipedia:Rattlesnake#Rattle]
comment: The rattle is composed of a series of hollow, interlocked segments made of keratin, which are created by modifying the scales that cover the tip of the tail.
synonym: "snake rattle" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0004529 ! anatomical projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail
xref: SCTID:10734004 ! Rattle of snake structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006972 ! nephridium
name: nephridium
def: "An exceretory tubule that usually opens to the exterior by a nephridiopore. The inner end of the tubule may be blind, ending in flame cells (protonephridium) or may open into the coelom through a ciliated funnel (metanephridium)." [Wikipedia:Nephridium]
xref: BTO:0000923 ! nephridium
is_a: UBERON:0006555 ! excretory tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006973
name: protonephridium
def: "a network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings found in the Phylums Platyhelminthes, kinorhyncha and Rotifera. The ends are called flame cells (if cilliated) or solenocytes (if flagellated); they function in osmoregulation and ionoregulation. The terminal cells are located at the blind end of the protonephridium. Each cell has one or more cilia and their beating inside the protonephridial tube creates an outward going current and hence a partial pressurization in the blind of the tube. Because of this pressurization drives waste fluids from the inside of the animal, they are pulled through small perforations in the terminal cells and into the protonephridium. The perforations in the terminal cell are large enough for small molecules to pass, but larger proteins are retained within the animal. From the bottom of the protonephridium the solutes are led through the tube, formed by the canal cells, and exits the animal from a small opening formed by the nephridiopore. Selective reabsorption of useful molecules by the canal cells occurs as the solutes pass down the tubule. Protonephridia are generally found in basal organisms such as flatworms. Protonephridia likely first arose as a way to cope with a hypotonic environment by removing excess water from the organism (osmoregulation). Their use as excretory/ionoregulatory structures likely arose secondarily." [Wikipedia:Nephridium#Metanephridia]
xref: BILA:0000126 ! protonephridium
is_a: UBERON:0006972 ! nephridium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006974
name: metanephridium
def: "a type of excretory gland or nephridium found in many types of invertebrates such as Annelids, Arthropods and Molluscs. It typically consists of a ciliated funnel opening into the body cavity or coelom connected to a duct which may be variously glandularized, folded or expanded (vesiculate) and which typically opens to the organism's exterior. These ciliated tubules pump water carrying surplus ions, metabolic waste, toxins from food, and useless hormones out of the organism through openings known as nephrostomes. This waste is passed out of the body at the nephridiopore. The primary urine produced by filtration of blood (or a similar functioning fluid) is modified into secondary urine through selective reabsorption by the cells lining the metanephridium. In many earthworms the nephridial ducts open into the digestive tract instead, a condition known as enteronephry." [Wikipedia:Nephridium#Metanephridia]
xref: BILA:0000127 ! metanephridium
is_a: UBERON:0006972 ! nephridium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006976
name: peptonephridium
def: "Organs opening into the buccal cavity of pharynx (supposedly modified nephridia) of invertebrates." [BTO:0004280]
synonym: "esophageal appendage" RELATED [BTO:0004280]
synonym: "oesophageal appendage" RELATED [BTO:0004280]
xref: BTO:0004280 ! peptonephridium
is_a: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006972 ! nephridium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001043 ! esophagus
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006983
name: anatomical point
def: "Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: CARO:0000009
xref: BILA:0000009 ! anatomical point
xref: EHDAA2:0003009 ! anatomical point
xref: AEO:0000009 ! anatomical point
xref: FMA:9658 ! Anatomical point
is_a: UBERON:0000466 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: AAO:0010266 ! anatomical point
xref: TAO:0001839 ! anatomical point

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006984 ! anatomical surface
name: anatomical surface
def: "Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: CARO:0000010
xref: BILA:0000010 ! anatomical surface
xref: EHDAA2:0003192 ! anatomical surface
xref: FMA:24137 ! Anatomical surface
xref: ID:0000000 ! anatomical surface
is_a: UBERON:0000466 ! immaterial anatomical entity
xref: ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Surface ! Anatomic Surface
xref: AAO:0010270 ! anatomical surface
xref: ZFA:0005594 ! anatomical surface
xref: UMLS:C1515977

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007029
name: surface
synonym: "skin" RELATED [BILA:0000118]
xref: BILA:0000118 ! surface
xref: EHDAA2:0003154 ! organism surface
xref: AEO:0000154 ! organism surface
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
xref: ncithesaurus:Surface ! Surface
xref: galen:Surface

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007094
name: visceral muculature
xref: BILA:0000132 ! visceral muculature
is_a: UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007095
name: somatic musculature
xref: BILA:0000133 ! somatic musculature
is_a: UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007036
name: photosensory system
xref: BILA:0000140 ! photosensory system
is_a: UBERON:0001032 ! sensory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007037
name: mechanosensory system
xref: BILA:0000142 ! mechanosensory system
intersection_of: UBERON:0001032 ! sensory system
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0050954 ! sensory perception of mechanical stimulu

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007097
name: chordo neural hinge
def: "Portion of tissue that is posterior to the developing notochord during tail bud extension." [ZFA:0001082, http://dev.biologists.org/content/136/10/1591.full]
comment: In mouse and chick, the derivative of the NSB (with a minor contribution from the CLE), the `chordo-neural-hinge'(CNH) (Cambray and Wilson, 2007; Catala et al., 1995; Charrier et al., 1999), contains progenitors for the ventral neural tube, somites and notochord (Cambray and Wilson, 2002; McGrew et al., 2008). The CNH is continuous with the most recently formed neural tube and notochord (Fig. 2C-D′). By contrast, the tissue immediately caudal to the CNH exclusively produces somites in mouse and chick (McGrew et al., 2008).
xref: XAO:0000108 ! chordoneural hinge
xref: ZFA:0001082 ! chordo neural hinge
xref: VHOG:0001382 ! chordoneural hinge
xref: EFO:0003623 ! chordo neural hinge
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002533 ! tail bud
xref: TAO:0001082 ! chordo neural hinge
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue is a posterior to the developing notochord during tailbud extension.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001082", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "chordoneural hinge" EXACT [VHOG:0001382]
property_value: homology_notes "Although there is mounting evidence showing the comparability of events and formation of different nascent tissue types during gastrulation and tail development, recent work also suggests the presence of an ongoing stem cell population capable of contributing to multiple tissue types in the tail of several different vertebrates, situated in the chordoneural hinge region of the tail bud. It would seem likely that secondary signaling centers regulate the fate to be adopted by such pluripotent progenitors.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001382", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1002/dvdy.20017 Liu C\, Knezevic V\, Mackem S\, Ventral tail bud mesenchyme is a signaling for tail paraxial mesoderm induction. Developmental Dynamics (2004)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007121
name: dermatome segment of skin
def: "A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are eight cervical nerves, twelve thoracic nerves, five lumbar nerves and five sacral nerves. Each of these nerves relays sensation (including pain) from a particular region of skin to the brain[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy)]
synonym: "dermatome" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy)]
synonym: "dermatomic area" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy)]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Dermatomes_and_cutaneous_nerves_-_posterior.png/230px-Dermatomes_and_cutaneous_nerves_-_posterior.png
xref: FMA:80301 ! dermatome segment of skin
xref: SCTID:244023005 ! Dermatome
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004016 ! dermatome

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007128 ! glomeral mesenchyme
name: glomeral mesenchyme
def: "Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm." [ISBN:0815318960]
synonym: "corpuscle" RELATED [XAO:0000110]
synonym: "glomerulus" RELATED [XAO:0000110]
xref: XAO:0000110 ! glomeral mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003064 ! intermediate mesoderm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007144
name: tail of embryo
synonym: "embryo tail" EXACT [FMA:85540]
xref: FMA:85540 ! Tail of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16748 ! tail of embryo
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007145 ! dome of diaphragm
name: dome of diaphragm
synonym: "diaphragm dome" EXACT [FMA:13332]
xref: FMA:13332 ! Dome of diaphragm
xref: EMAPA:18046 ! dome
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm
xref: SCTID:244940004 ! Dome of diaphragm
xref: VHOG:0000933 ! diaphragm dome
property_value: homology_notes "In mammals, the diaphragm muscle divides the thoracoabdominal cavity into thorax and abdomen. In most mammals, the diaphragm is a flat sheet with muscle fibers radiating outward from a central tendon, and the diaphragm's apposition to the cranial surface of the liver gives it a dome-shape. Muscle fiber contraction reduces the curvature of the dome, thereby expanding the thoracic cavity and aspirating air into the lungs.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000933", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2006.06.003 Brainerd EL\, Owerkowicz T\, Functional morphology and evolution of aspiration breathing in tetrapods. Respiratory physiology and neurobiology (2006)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007147
name: lumen of midgut
synonym: "midgut lumen" EXACT [FMA:54366]
xref: FMA:54366 ! Lumen of midgut
xref: EMAPA:18377 ! lumen of midgut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a midgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007148
name: lumen of hindgut
synonym: "hindgut lumen" EXACT [FMA:54367]
xref: FMA:54367 ! Lumen of hindgut
xref: EMAPA:18396 ! lumen of hindgut
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a hindgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007149
name: inferior thyroid artery
def: "The inferior thyroid artery passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and Longus colli, then turns medialward behind the carotid sheath and its contents, and also behind the sympathetic trunk, the middle cervical ganglion resting upon the vessel. Reaching the lower border of the thyroid gland it divides into two branches, which supply the postero-inferior parts of the gland, and anastomose with the superior thyroid, and with the corresponding artery of the opposite side. The recurrent nerve passes upward generally behind, but occasionally in front of, the artery. This makes it vulnerable to injury during surgery that involves ligating the inferior thyroid artery, such as excision of the lower pole of the thyroid gland." [Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_artery]
xref: FMA:10662 ! Inferior thyroid artery
xref: EMAPA:18623 ! inferior thyroid artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003847 ! thyroid artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Thyroid_Artery ! Inferior Thyroid Artery
xref: SCTID:303419004 ! Entire inferior thyroid artery
synonym: "arteria thyreoidea inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Thyrocervical_trunk.png
xref: UMLS:C0226264

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007150
name: superior thyroid artery
def: "The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland." [Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_artery]
xref: FMA:49472 ! Superior thyroid artery
xref: EMAPA:18624 ! superior thyroid artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003847 ! thyroid artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001070 ! external carotid artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Thyroid_Artery ! Superior Thyroid Artery
xref: SCTID:244218002 ! Entire superior thyroid artery
synonym: "arteria thyreoidea superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Plate_16_Zuckerkandl.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0226093

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007151
name: leaflets of mitral valve
def: "Leaf of cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, and posterior leaflets that is attached to the chorda tendinea of left ventricle and to the frbrous ring of mitral valve.[FMA]" [FMA:7241, FMA:FMA]
synonym: "mitral valve leaflet" EXACT [FMA:7241]
synonym: "mitral valvular leaflet" EXACT [FMA:7241]
xref: FMA:7241 ! Leaflet of mitral valve
xref: EMAPA:18628 ! leaflets of mitral valve
intersection_of: UBERON:0011741 ! cardiac valve leaflet
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002135 ! mitral valve
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0005995 ! mitral valve anulus
xref: SCTID:244353007 ! Entire leaflet of mitral valve
xref: VHOG:0000822 ! mitral valve leaflets
synonym: "leaflet of mitral valve" EXACT [FMA:7241]
synonym: "mitral valve leaflets" EXACT [VHOG:0000822]
property_value: homology_notes "The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000822", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566 Combs MD\, Yutzey KE\, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007153
name: superior epigastric artery
xref: FMA:10646 ! Superior epigastric artery
xref: EMAPA:18752 ! superior epigastric artery
is_a: UBERON:0004573 ! systemic artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006349 ! epigastric artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0002456 ! internal thoracic artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002456 ! internal thoracic artery
xref: SCTID:244287004 ! Entire superior epigastric artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007154
name: inferior epigastric vein
xref: FMA:21162 ! Inferior epigastric vein
xref: EMAPA:18760 ! inferior epigastric vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006356 ! epigastric vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Deep_Epigastric_Vein ! Inferior Epigastric Vein
xref: SCTID:286872000 ! Entire inferior epigastric vein
xref: UMLS:C0226762

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007155
name: superior epigastric vein
xref: FMA:4731 ! Superior epigastric vein
xref: EMAPA:18761 ! superior epigastric vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006356 ! epigastric vein
relationship: tributary_of UBERON:0001589 {source="FMA/obol"} ! internal thoracic vein
xref: SCTID:286596001 ! Entire superior epigastric vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007156
name: inferior thyroid vein
synonym: "inferior thyroid venous tree" EXACT [FMA:4728]
synonym: "vena thyroidea inferioris" EXACT [FMA:4728]
xref: FMA:4728 ! Inferior thyroid vein
xref: EMAPA:18763 ! inferior thyroid vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:303423007 ! Entire inferior thyroid vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007157
name: superior thyroid vein
xref: FMA:14323 ! Superior thyroid vein
xref: EMAPA:18764 ! superior thyroid vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
xref: SCTID:303421009 ! Entire superior thyroid vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007158
name: lumen of anal canal
synonym: "anal canal lumen" EXACT [FMA:17357]
xref: FMA:17357 ! Lumen of anal canal
xref: EMAPA:18836 ! lumen of anal canal
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a anal canal." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007159
name: lumen of colon
synonym: "colon lumen" EXACT [FMA:18374]
xref: FMA:18374 ! Lumen of colon
xref: EMAPA:18945 ! lumen of colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001155 ! colon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon
xref: SCTID:362156004 ! Entire colonic lumen
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a colon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010161
name: lumen of blood vessel
synonym: "blood vessel lumen" EXACT  []
xref: SCTID:91747007 ! Lumen of blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010160
name: lumen of lymphatic vessel
synonym: "lumen of lymphatic duct" EXACT  [FMA:59681]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel lumen" EXACT  [FMA:59681]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
xref: FMA:59681 ! lumen of lymphatic vessel
def: "An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a lymphatic vessel." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007160
name: inferior petrosal sinus
synonym: "sinus petrosal inferior" EXACT [FMA:50770]
xref: FMA:50770 ! Inferior petrosal sinus
xref: EMAPA:19234 ! inferior petrosal
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005486 ! venous dural sinus
xref: SCTID:279263009 ! Entire inferior petrosal sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007161
name: medial arcuate ligament
xref: FMA:58282 ! Medial arcuate ligament
xref: EMAPA:19237 ! medial arcuate ligaments
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007162
name: lateral arcuate ligament
xref: FMA:58283 ! Lateral arcuate ligament
xref: EMAPA:19238 ! lateral arcuate ligaments
is_a: UBERON:0000211 ! ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007163
name: superior meatus
def: "The superior meatus, the smallest of the three meatuses of the nose, occupies the middle third of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the superior nasal conchC& and middle nasal conchC&; the sphenopalatine foramen opens into it behind, and the posterior ethmoidal cells in front. The sphenoidal sinus opens into a recess, the sphenoethmoidal recess, which is placed above and behind the superior concha." [Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_meatus]
comment: todo - check FMA
synonym: "superior nasal meatus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_meatus]
xref: FMA:57480 ! Superior meatus
xref: FMA:53138 ! superior nasal meatus
xref: EMAPA:19276 ! superior meatus
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
synonym: "meatus nasi superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_meatus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Gray196.png
xref: SCTID:310213007 ! Entire superior nasal meatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007164
name: distal radio-ulnar joint
synonym: "articulation radioulnaris distalis" EXACT [FMA:35290]
synonym: "distal radioulnar joint" EXACT [FMA:35290]
synonym: "inferior radioulnar joint" EXACT [FMA:35290]
synonym: "radio-ulnar joint" BROAD [MA:0000462]
xref: MA:0000462 ! distal radio-ulnar joint
xref: FMA:35290 ! Distal radio-ulnar joint
xref: EMAPA:19316 ! distal
is_a: UBERON:0001528 ! radio-ulnar joint
xref: SCTID:182170009 ! Entire inferior radioulnar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007165
name: proximal radio-ulnar joint
synonym: "superior radioulnar joint" EXACT [FMA:38860]
xref: FMA:38860 ! Proximal radio-ulnar joint
xref: EMAPA:19317 ! proximal
is_a: UBERON:0001528 ! radio-ulnar joint
xref: SCTID:361837005 ! Entire proximal radioulnar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007166
name: left dome of diaphragm
synonym: "left dome of diaphragm viewed radiologically" EXACT [FMA:13334]
xref: FMA:13334 ! Left dome of diaphragm
xref: EMAPA:25047 ! left dome
is_a: UBERON:0007145 ! dome of diaphragm
xref: SCTID:244941000 ! Left dome of diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007167
name: right dome of diaphragm
synonym: "right dome of diaphragm viewed radiologically" EXACT [FMA:13333]
xref: FMA:13333 ! Right dome of diaphragm
xref: EMAPA:25048 ! right dome
is_a: UBERON:0007145 ! dome of diaphragm
xref: SCTID:244942007 ! Right dome of diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008188 ! tendon of biceps brachii
name: tendon of biceps brachii
synonym: "biceps brachii tendon" EXACT  [FMA:38152]
xref: FMA:38152 ! tendon of biceps brachii
xref: EMAPA:25053 ! tendon
xref: SCTID:361886007 ! Entire biceps tendon
is_a: UBERON:0000043 {source="FMA"} ! tendon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii
def: "A tendon that attaches_to a biceps brachii." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007168
name: long head of biceps brachii
def: "The long head originates on the supraglenoid tubercle just above the shoulder joint from where its tendon passes down along the intertubercular groove of the humerus into the joint capsule of the shoulder joint. [1] When the humerus is in motion, the tendon of the long head is held firmly in place in the intertubercular groove by the greater and lesser tubercles and the overlying transverse humeral ligament. During the motion from external to internal rotation, the tendon is forced medially against the lesser tubercle and superiorly against the transverse ligament." [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle#Origin_and_insertion]
synonym: "caput longum (musculus biceps brachii)" EXACT [FMA:37683]
xref: FMA:37683 ! Long head of biceps brachii
xref: EMAPA:25054 ! long head
is_a: UBERON:0011906 {source="FMA"} ! muscle head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007169
name: short head of biceps brachii
def: "Proximally (towards the body), the short head of the biceps attaches to (originates from) the coracoid process at the top of the scapula." [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle#Origin_and_insertion]
xref: FMA:37682 ! Short head of biceps brachii
xref: EMAPA:25055 ! short head
is_a: UBERON:0011906 {source="FMA"} ! muscle head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008192
name: tendon of triceps brachii
synonym: "triceps brachii tendon" EXACT  [FMA:38380]
synonym: "triceps tendon" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:38380 ! tendon of triceps brachii
xref: SCTID:245105007 ! Entire triceps tendon
is_a: UBERON:0000043 {source="FMA"} ! tendon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001509 ! triceps brachii
def: "A tendon that attaches_to a triceps brachii." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007170
name: squamous part of occipital bone
def: "The squama of the occipital bone, situated above and behind the foramen magnum, is curved from above downward and from side to side." [Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis]
synonym: "occipital squama" EXACT [Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis]
synonym: "squama occipitalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis]
synonym: "occipital squama" EXACT [FMA:52860]
synonym: "squama of occipital bone" EXACT [FMA:52860]
xref: FMA:52860 ! Squamous part of occipital bone
xref: EMAPA:25113 ! squamous part of occipital bone
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
xref: SCTID:139077005 ! Entire squamous part of occipital bone
synonym: "squama occipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gray131.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007171
name: border of scapula
synonym: "scapular border" EXACT [FMA:23797]
xref: FMA:23797 ! Border of scapula
xref: EMAPA:25124 ! border
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007172 ! angle of scapula
name: angle of scapula
comment: See: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/58
synonym: "scapular angle" EXACT [FMA:23800]
xref: FMA:23800 ! Angle of scapula
xref: EMAPA:25125 ! angle
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007173
name: lateral border of scapula
synonym: "axillary border of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23239]
synonym: "lateral border of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23239]
synonym: "margo lateralis (scapula)" EXACT [FMA:23239]
synonym: "margo lateralis scapulae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:23239]
xref: FMA:23239 ! Lateral part of scapula
xref: EMAPA:25126 ! lateral of border
is_a: UBERON:0007171 {source="EMAPA-modified"} ! border of scapula
synonym: "lateral part of scapula" RELATED [FMA:23239]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007174
name: medial border of scapula
synonym: "margo medialis (scapula)" EXACT [FMA:23242]
synonym: "medial part of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23242]
synonym: "vertebral border of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23242]
xref: FMA:23242 ! Medial part of scapula
xref: EMAPA:25127 ! medial of border
is_a: UBERON:0007171 {source="EMAPA-modified"} ! border of scapula
synonym: "margo medialis scapulae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:23242]
xref: SCTID:368187009 ! Entire medial border of scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007175
name: inferior angle of scapula
def: "An angle of the scapula  formed by the union of the vertebral and axillary borders; its dorsal surface affords attachment to the Teres major and frequently to a few fibers of the Latissimus dorsi.[WP,unvetted]" [Wikipedia:Inferior_angle_of_scapula]
synonym: "angulus inferior (scapula)" EXACT [FMA:13315]
synonym: "angulus inferior scapulae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_angle_of_scapula]
xref: FMA:13315 ! Inferior angle of scapula
xref: EMAPA:25128 ! inferior angle
is_a: UBERON:0007172 {source="EMAPA-modified"} ! angle of scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007176
name: superior angle of scapula
def: "An angle of the scapula formed by the junction of the superior and vertebral borders. It is thin, smooth, rounded, inclined somewhat lateralward, and gives attachment to a few fibers of the Levator scapulae[WP,unvetted]" [Wikipedia:Superior_angle_of_scapula]
synonym: "angulus superior (scapula)" EXACT [FMA:23248]
synonym: "angulus superior scapulae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_angle_of_scapula]
synonym: "superior medial angle of scapula" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_angle_of_scapula]
synonym: "medial angle of scapula" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superior_angle_of_scapula]
xref: FMA:23248 ! Superior angle of scapula
xref: EMAPA:25129 ! superior angle
xref: SCTID:368188004 ! Entire superior medial angle of scapula
is_a: UBERON:0007172 {source="EMAPA-modified"} ! angle of scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011941
name: lateral angle of scapula
def: "An angle of the scapula that is broad and bears the glenoid cavity or fossa[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_angle_of_scapula]
synonym: "angulus lateralis (scapula)" EXACT  [FMA:23249]
synonym: "angulus lateralis scapulae" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_angle_of_scapula]
synonym: "head of scapula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_angle_of_scapula]
synonym: "glenoid angle of scapula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_angle_of_scapula]
is_a: UBERON:0007172 {source="EMAPA-modified"} ! angle of scapula
xref: FMA:23249 ! lateral angle of scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007177
name: lamina propria of mucosa of colon
synonym: "colonic lamina propria" EXACT [FMA:15657]
synonym: "lamina propria of colonic mucosa" EXACT [FMA:15657]
synonym: "lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:15657]
xref: FMA:15657 ! Lamina propria mucosae of colon
xref: EMAPA:27395 ! lamina propria of mucosa of colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000317 ! colonic mucosa
xref: SCTID:113284008 ! Colonic lamina propria
synonym: "lamina propria mucosae of colon" EXACT [FMA:15657]
def: "A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007178
name: muscularis mucosae of colon
synonym: "lamina muscularis of colonic mucosa" EXACT [FMA:15656]
synonym: "lamina muscularis of colonic mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:15656]
synonym: "muscularis mucosa of colon" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15656 ! Muscularis mucosae of colon
xref: EMAPA:27399 ! muscularis mucosa of mucosa of colon
intersection_of: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000317 ! colonic mucosa
xref: SCTID:885000 ! Lamina muscularis of colonic mucous membrane
def: "A muscularis mucosa that is part of a colonic mucosa." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007179
name: basal cell layer of urothelium
synonym: "basal cell layer of uroepithelium" EXACT [FMA:84154]
xref: FMA:84154 ! Basal cell layer of urothelium
xref: EMAPA:28806 ! basal cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0000119 ! cell layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000365 ! urothelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007180
name: atretic follicle of ovary
synonym: "atretic follicle" EXACT [FMA:18697]
synonym: "folliculus atreticus (Ovarium)" EXACT [FMA:18697]
xref: FMA:18697 ! Atretic follicle of ovary
xref: EMAPA:29874 ! atretic follicle
is_a: UBERON:0001305 ! ovarian follicle
xref: SCTID:259073003 ! Entire atretic follicle of ovary

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007181
name: serosa of infundibulum of uterine tube
synonym: "serosa of infundibulum of fallopian tube" EXACT [FMA:18324]
synonym: "serosa of infundibulum of oviduct" EXACT [FMA:18324]
xref: FMA:18324 ! Serosa of infundibulum of uterine tube
xref: EMAPA:29903 ! serosa of infundibulum
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003984 ! uterine tube infundibulum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003983 ! conus arteriosus
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007182
name: muscle layer of infundibulum of uterine tube
synonym: "muscle layer of infundibulum of fallopian tube" EXACT [FMA:18336]
synonym: "muscle layer of infundibulum of oviduct" EXACT [FMA:18336]
synonym: "muscularis of infundibulum of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18336]
xref: FMA:18336 ! Muscle layer of infundibulum of uterine tube
xref: EMAPA:31264 ! muscle layer of infundibulum
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003984 ! uterine tube infundibulum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003983 ! conus arteriosus
def: "A muscle layer that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007190 ! paracentral gyrus
name: paracentral gyrus
xref: FMA:77537 ! anterior paracentral gyrus (also: UBERON:0007191 'anterior paracentral gyrus')
is_a: UBERON:0000200 ! gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007191
name: anterior paracentral gyrus
xref: FMA:77537 ! anterior paracentral gyrus (also: UBERON:0007190 'paracentral gyrus')
is_a: UBERON:0007190 ! paracentral gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007192
name: posterior paracentral gyrus
xref: FMA:77538 ! posterior paracentral gyrus
is_a: UBERON:0007190 ! paracentral gyrus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007195
name: stroma of bone marrow
def: "The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis." [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow#Stroma]
synonym: "bone marrow stroma" EXACT [FMA:21426]
xref: FMA:21426 ! stroma of bone marrow
is_a: UBERON:0002384 ! connective tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007269
name: pectoral appendage musculature
synonym: "pectoral fin musculature" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0000563]
xref: ZFA:0000563 ! pectoral fin musculature
xref: EFO:0003540 ! pectoral fin musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004710 ! pectoral appendage
xref: TAO:0000563 ! pectoral fin musculature
def: "A musculature that is part of a pectoral appendage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007270
name: pelvic appendage musculature
synonym: "pelvic fin musculature" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0000258]
xref: ZFA:0000258 ! pelvic fin musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004709 ! pelvic appendage
xref: TAO:0000258 ! pelvic fin musculature
property_value: external_definition "Musculature that is part of the pelvic fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000258", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:curator"}
def: "A musculature that is part of a pelvic appendage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007271
name: limb/fin musculature
synonym: "fin musculature" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0000207]
xref: ZFA:0000207 ! fin musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
xref: TAO:0000207 ! fin musculature
def: "A musculature that is part of a limb/fin." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007278
name: presumptive sinus venosus
def: "Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the sinus venosus." [ZFA:0001722]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002063 ! sinus venosus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004141 {source="ZFA"} ! heart tube
xref: TAO:0002234 ! presumptive sinus venosus
xref: ZFA:0001722 ! presumptive sinus venosus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007280
name: presumptive endocardium
xref: ZFA:0001724 ! presumptive endocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
xref: TAO:0002233 ! presumptive endocardium
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002233", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a endocardium." [OBOL:automatic]


[Term]
id: UBERON:0006238
name: future brain
comment: Usage notes: this class is restricted to neural-tube derived brains
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "presumptive brain" EXACT [ZFA:0000146]
synonym: "brain rudiment" EXACT [TAO:0000146]
xref: EMAPA:16089 ! future brain of neural ectoderm of ectoderm of embryo
xref: EMAPA:16471 ! future brain of central nervous system of nervous system of organ system
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 ! future brain
xref: EHDAA:300 ! future brain
xref: EHDAA:830 ! future brain
xref: ZFA:0000146 ! presumptive brain
xref: EFO:0003431 ! presumptive brain
xref: TAO:0000146 ! presumptive brain
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000955 ! brain
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001049  ! neural tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006240
name: future forebrain
comment: TODO. Add relationships to neural plate (both ZFA and EMAPA time this with the neural plate)
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: EMAPA:16640 ! future forebrain
xref: ZFA:0000062 ! presumptive forebrain
xref: EHDAA:2643 ! future forebrain
xref: EFO:0003423 ! presumptive forebrain
synonym: "prosencephalon" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000661]
synonym: "presumptive forebrain" EXACT [ZFA:0000062]
synonym: "presumptive prosencephalon" EXACT [TAO:0000062]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001890 ! forebrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006238 ! future brain
xref: EHDAA2:0000661 ! prosencephalon
xref: TAO:0000062 ! presumptive forebrain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009616 ! presumptive midbrain
name: presumptive midbrain
comment: TODO - unify naming conventions
synonym: "presumptive mesencephalon" EXACT  [ZFA:0000148]
synonym: "mesencephalon" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000615]
synonym: "early midbrain" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "future midbrain" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006238 {source="ZFA"} ! future brain
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010286 {source="ZFA"} ! midbrain neural tube
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003080 ! anterior neural tube
xref: ZFA:0000148 ! presumptive midbrain
xref: TAO:0000148 ! presumptive midbrain
xref: EFO:0003432 ! presumptive midbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0000615 ! mesencephalon
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a midbrain." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007277
name: presumptive hindbrain
def: "The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, \"rhombencephalosynapsis\" is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure." [Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon]
comment: TODO - unify naming conventions
synonym: "embryonic rhombencephalon" RELATED [CALOHA:TS-2118]
synonym: "rhombencephalon" RELATED [EHDAA2:0001630]
synonym: "future hindbrain" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: ZFA:0000569 ! presumptive hindbrain
xref: EFO:0003440 ! presumptive hindbrain
xref: TAO:0000569 ! presumptive hindbrain
xref: EHDAA2:0001630 ! rhombencephalon
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006238 ! future brain
property_value: external_definition "The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]." xsd:string {source="NPX:PDR"}
xref: CALOHA:TS-2118 ! Embryonic rhombencephalon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007283
name: presumptive shield
xref: ZFA:0001121 ! presumptive shield
xref: EFO:0003444 ! presumptive shield
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003062 ! primitive knot
xref: TAO:0001121 ! presumptive shield
property_value: external_definition "Presumptive structure fated to become the shield.  Defined by fate mapping[ZFIN:curator]." xsd:string {source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007284
name: presumptive neural plate
xref: ZFA:0000063 ! presumptive neural plate
xref: EFO:0003424 ! presumptive neural plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003075 ! neural plate
xref: TAO:0000063 ! presumptive neural plate
property_value: external_definition "Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000063", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a neural plate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007285
name: presumptive paraxial mesoderm
xref: ZFA:0000591 ! presumptive paraxial mesoderm
xref: EFO:0003443 ! presumptive paraxial mesoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003077 ! paraxial mesoderm
xref: XAO:0004134 ! presumptive paraxial mesoderm
xref: TAO:0000591 ! presumptive paraxial mesoderm
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a paraxial mesoderm." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007286
name: presumptive floor plate
xref: ZFA:0001218 ! presumptive floor plate
xref: EFO:0003454 ! presumptive floor plate
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0003079 ! floor plate
xref: TAO:0001218 ! presumptive floor plate
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a floor plate." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007287
name: presumptive bulbus arteriosus
xref: ZFA:0001712 ! presumptive bulbus arteriosus
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0004152 ! bulbus arteriosus
xref: TAO:0002230 ! presumptive bulbus arteriosus
property_value: external_definition "Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the bulbus arteriosus.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002230", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a bulbus arteriosus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007288
name: presumptive forebrain midbrain boundary
xref: ZFA:0001368 ! presumptive forebrain midbrain boundary
xref: EFO:0003463 ! presumptive forebrain midbrain boundary
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005075 ! forebrain-midbrain boundary
xref: TAO:0001368 ! presumptive forebrain midbrain boundary
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a forebrain-midbrain boundary." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007289
name: presumptive rhombomere 1
xref: ZFA:0001207 ! presumptive rhombomere 1
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005499 ! rhombomere 1
xref: TAO:0001207 ! presumptive rhombomere 1
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 1." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007290
name: presumptive rhombomere 3
xref: ZFA:0001213 ! presumptive rhombomere 3
xref: EFO:0003451 ! presumptive rhombomere 3
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005507 ! rhombomere 3
xref: TAO:0001213 ! presumptive rhombomere 3
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007291
name: presumptive rhombomere 4
xref: ZFA:0001212 ! presumptive rhombomere 4
xref: EFO:0003450 ! presumptive rhombomere 4
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005511 ! rhombomere 4
xref: TAO:0001212 ! presumptive rhombomere 4
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007292
name: presumptive rhombomere 5
xref: ZFA:0001211 ! presumptive rhombomere 5
xref: EFO:0003449 ! presumptive rhombomere 5
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005515 ! rhombomere 5
xref: TAO:0001211 ! presumptive rhombomere 5
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007293
name: presumptive rhombomere 6
xref: ZFA:0001210 ! presumptive rhombomere 6
xref: EFO:0003448 ! presumptive rhombomere 6
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005519 ! rhombomere 6
xref: TAO:0001210 ! presumptive rhombomere 6
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 6." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007294
name: presumptive rhombomere 7
xref: ZFA:0001209 ! presumptive rhombomere 7
xref: EFO:0003447 ! presumptive rhombomere 7
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005523 ! rhombomere 7
xref: TAO:0001209 ! presumptive rhombomere 7
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 7." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007295
name: presumptive rhombomere 8
xref: ZFA:0001214 ! presumptive rhombomere 8
xref: EFO:0003452 ! presumptive rhombomere 8
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005527 ! rhombomere 8
xref: TAO:0001214 ! presumptive rhombomere 8
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 8." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007296
name: presumptive rhombomere 2
xref: ZFA:0001208 ! presumptive rhombomere 2
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005569 ! rhombomere 2
xref: TAO:0001208 ! presumptive rhombomere 2
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007297
name: presumptive pronephric mesoderm
synonym: "nephron primordium" EXACT  [ZFA:0001070]
xref: ZFA:0001070 ! presumptive pronephric mesoderm
xref: EFO:0003619 ! presumptive pronephric mesoderm
intersection_of: UBERON:0006598 ! presumptive structure
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0005721 ! pronephric mesoderm
xref: TAO:0001070 ! presumptive pronephric mesoderm
def: "A presumptive structure that develops_into a pronephric mesoderm." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007298
name: pronephric proximal convoluted tubule
xref: ZFA:0001620 ! pronephric proximal convoluted tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0001287 ! proximal convoluted tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: TAO:0002238 ! pronephric proximal convoluted tubule
def: "A proximal convoluted tubule that is part of a pronephros." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005309 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007299
name: choroid plexus of tectal ventricle
synonym: "choroid plexus tectal ventricle" EXACT [ZFA:0001445]
xref: ZFA:0001445 ! choroid plexus tectal ventricle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001886 ! choroid plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002289 ! cerebral aqueduct
xref: TAO:0001445 ! choroid plexus tectal ventricle
def: "A choroid plexus that is part of a cerebral aqueduct." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007300
name: pectoral appendage blood vessel
synonym: "pectoral fin blood vessel" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0005301]
xref: ZFA:0005301 ! pectoral fin blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004710 ! pectoral appendage
xref: TAO:0005301 ! pectoral fin blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007301
name: limb/fin blood vessel
synonym: "fin blood vessel" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0005299]
xref: ZFA:0005299 ! fin blood vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001981 ! blood vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
xref: TAO:0005299 ! fin blood vessel
def: "A blood vessel that is part of a limb/fin." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007302
name: pectoral appendage vasculature
synonym: "pectoral fin vasculature" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0005096]
xref: ZFA:0005096 ! pectoral fin vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004710 ! pectoral appendage
xref: TAO:0005096 ! pectoral fin vasculature
def: "A vasculature that is part of a pectoral appendage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007303
name: pharyngeal vasculature
synonym: "branchial vasculature" EXACT  [ZFA:0005003]
xref: ZFA:0005003 ! pharyngeal vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001042 ! chordate pharynx
xref: TAO:0005003 ! pharyngeal vasculature
def: "A vasculature that is part of a chordate pharynx." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007304
name: limb/fin vasculature
synonym: "fin vasculature" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0005095]
xref: ZFA:0005095 ! fin vasculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
xref: TAO:0005095 ! fin vasculature
def: "A vasculature that is part of a limb/fin." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012239
name: urinary bladder vasculature
def: "network of tubes that carries blood through the distensible musculomembranous organ that serves to collect and store urine excreted by the kidneys[MP]" [MP:MP]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002049 ! vasculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 {source="EMAPA"} ! urinary bladder
synonym: "blood vessels of bladder" EXACT [EMAPA:28679]
synonym: "bladder vasculature" EXACT []
synonym: "set of urinary bladder blood vessels" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:28679 ! blood vessels of bladder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007306
name: pronephric glomerular capillary
xref: ZFA:0005309 ! pronephric glomerular capillary
intersection_of: UBERON:0004212 ! glomerular capillary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: TAO:0005309 ! pronephric glomerular capillary
def: "A glomerular capillary that is part of a pronephros." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004739 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric glomerulus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005309 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007307
name: pronephric glomerular basement membrane
xref: ZFA:0005313 ! pronephric glomerular basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0005777 ! glomerular basement membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: TAO:0005313 ! pronephric glomerular basement membrane
def: "A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004739 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric glomerulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007308
name: pronephric distal early tubule
xref: ZFA:0001622 ! pronephric distal early tubule
intersection_of: UBERON:0006337 ! distal early tubule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002120 ! pronephros
xref: TAO:0002236 ! pronephric distal early tubule
def: "A distal early tubule that is part of a pronephros." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005309 {source="reference_0000032"} ! pronephric nephron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007384
name: limb/fin lymph vessel
xref: ZFA:0005300 ! fin lymph vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007304 ! limb/fin vasculature
xref: TAO:0005300 ! fin lymph vessel
def: "A lymphatic vessel that is part of a limb/fin." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007385
name: pectoral appendage lymph vessel
xref: TAO:0005302 ! pectoral fin lymph vessel
xref: ZFA:0005302 ! pectoral fin lymph vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004710 ! pectoral appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007302 ! pectoral appendage vasculature
def: "A lymphatic vessel that is part of a pectoral appendage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007386
name: pelvic appendage lymph vessel
intersection_of: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004709 ! pelvic appendage
def: "A lymphatic vessel that is part of a pelvic appendage." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007389
name: limb/fin cartilage
xref: TAO:0001543 ! paired fin cartilage
xref: ZFA:0001543 ! paired fin cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
property_value: external_definition "Cartilage which is part of one of the paired fins.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0001543", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
def: "A cartilage tissue that is part of a limb/fin." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007475
name: matrix-based tissue
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003081
def: "A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000081 ! matrix-based tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of GO:0031012 ! extracellular matrix
xref: EHDAA2:0003081 ! matrix-based tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007486
name: fluid-based anatomical entity
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003095
def: "Fluid anatomical entity containing cells." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000095 ! fluid-based anatomical entity
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="AEO"} ! multi-tissue structure
xref: EHDAA2:0003095 ! fluid-based anatomical entity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007490
name: keratin-based acellular structure
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003099
def: "Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is keratin." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000099 ! keratin-based acellular structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of GO:0045095 ! keratin filament
xref: EHDAA2:0003099 ! keratin-based structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007491
name: chitin-based acellular structure
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003100
def: "Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is chitin." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000100 ! chitin-based acellular structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000476 ! acellular anatomical structure
intersection_of: composed_primarily_of CHEBI:17029 ! chitin
xref: EHDAA2:0003100 ! chitin-based structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005153 ! epithelial bud
name: epithelial bud
def: "A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding." [GO:0060572]
is_a: UBERON:0005157 ! epithelial fold
xref: BTO:0001639 ! bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007499 ! epithelial sac
name: epithelial sac
def: "An epithelial tube that is open at one end only." [AEO:JB, UBERONREF:0000001]
xref: AEO:0000115 ! epithelial sac
xref: EHDAA2:0003115 ! epithelial sac
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="AEO"} ! epithelial tube
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: has_quality PATO:0001987 ! saccular

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009856 ! sac
name: sac
synonym: "pouch" EXACT []
synonym: "diverticulum" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: has_quality PATO:0001987 ! saccular
xref: galen:Diverticulum ! diverticulum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007500
name: epithelial tube open at both ends
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116
def: "An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow." [AEO:JB, UBERONREF:0000001]
xref: AEO:0000116 ! epithelial tube open at both ends
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 ! epithelial tube open at both ends
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="AEO"} ! epithelial tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007501
name: arborizing epithelial duct system
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003117
def: "A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal." [AEO:JB, UBERONREF:0000001]
synonym: "arborising epithelial duct system" EXACT [AEO:0000117]
xref: AEO:0000117 ! arborising epithelial duct system
is_a: UBERON:0007499 {source="AEO"} ! epithelial sac
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003914 {source="AEO"} ! epithelial tube
xref: EHDAA2:0003117 ! arborising epithelial duct system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007502
name: epithelial plexus
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003118
def: "A complex of interlinking epithelial tubules." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000118 ! epithelial plexus
is_a: UBERON:0003914 {source="AEO"} ! epithelial tube
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003914 {source="AEO"} ! epithelial tube
xref: EHDAA2:0003118 ! epithelial plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007503 ! epithelial vesicle
name: epithelial vesicle
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003119
def: "A closed epithelium with a lumen." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000119 ! epithelial vesicle
is_a: UBERON:0000483 {source="AEO"} ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0003119 ! epithelial vesicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007473
name: lumen of epithelial sac
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003079
def: "The space within an epithelial sphere." [AEO:JB]
synonym: "cavity of vesicle" EXACT [AEO:0000079]
xref: AEO:0000079 ! cavity of vesicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0007499 ! epithelial sac
relationship: has_quality PATO:0000608 ! closed

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013525
name: stomach lumen
synonym: "gastric cavity" RELATED  [FMA:14585]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011565 {source="FMA"} ! lumen of gastrointestinal system
synonym: "cavity of stomach" EXACT [FMA:14585]
xref: FMA:14585 ! cavity of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007524
name: dense mesenchyme tissue
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003146
def: "Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000146 ! dense mesenchyme tissue
xref: EHDAA2:0003146 ! dense mesenchymal tissue
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="AEO"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: has_part CL:0000057 {source="AEO"} ! fibroblast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007529
name: loose mesenchyme tissue
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003151
def: "Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts of extracellular matrix." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000151 ! loose mesenchyme tissue
xref: EHDAA2:0003151 ! loose mesenchymal tissue
is_a: UBERON:0003104 {source="AEO"} ! mesenchyme
relationship: has_part CL:0000057 {source="AEO"} ! fibroblast
relationship: has_part CL:0000327 {source="AEO"} ! extracellular matrix secreting cell
!disjoint_from: UBERON:0007524 ! dense mesenchyme tissue UNSAT: EHDAA2:0004581 'future jejunum & ileum mesentery (embryonic human)' UNSAT: EHDAA2:0004580 'coecum mesentery (embryonic human)' UNSAT: EHDAA2:0004579 'midgut part of future large intestine mesentery (embryonic human)' UNSAT: EHDAA2:0004718 'chorionic villus mesenchyme (embryonic human)'

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007530
name: migrating mesenchyme population
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003152
def: "Mesenchymal cells that are migrating." [AEO:JB]
comment: Editors note: this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization
xref: AEO:0000152 ! migrating mesenchyme population
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: participates_in GO:0016477 ! cell migration
xref: EHDAA2:0003152 ! migrating mesenchyme population

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007540
name: obsolete surface sense organ
consider: AEO:0000173 ! surface sense organ
consider: EHDAA2:0003173 ! surface sense organ
is_obsolete: true
comment: obsoleted due to incorrect logical definition. A new class with the same name may be created in the future.

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012437 ! epithelial-mesenchymal boundary
name: epithelial-mesenchymal boundary
intersection_of: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007567
name: regenerating anatomical structure
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003233
def: "An anatomical structure that, as part of its normal physiology, undergoes regeneration. Examples include endometrium and antlers." [AEO:JB]
comment: Editor notes: we define this in terms of active participation in regeneration, rather that capabilities. In this sense it is different from the AEO structure.
xref: AEO:0000200 ! regenerating anatomical structure
xref: ZFA:0005147  ! regenerating tissue
synonym: "regenerating tissue" RELATED [ZFA:0005147]
synonym: "regenerative tissue" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
intersection_of: participates_in GO:0031099 ! regeneration
relationship: capable_of GO:0031099 ! regeneration
xref: EHDAA2:0003233 ! regenerating anatomical structure
xref: XAO:0004059 ! regenerating tissue
xref: TAO:0005147 ! regenerating tissue
property_value: external_definition "A portion of tissue that is regrowing after damage or amputation.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005147", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:2001269
name: regenerating fin/limb
def: "Fin or limb undergoing the process of regeneration." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "regenerating fins" NARROW PLURAL  [ZFA:0001269]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004708 ! limb/fin
intersection_of: participates_in GO:0031099 ! regeneration
xref: EFO:0003657 ! regenerating fin
xref: TAO:0001269 ! regenerating fin
xref: ZFA:0001269 ! regenerating fin

[Term]
id: UBERON:2001389
name: regeneration epithelium of fin/limb
synonym: "epidermal cap" BROAD  [ZFA:0001389]
synonym: "wound epidermis" BROAD  [ZFA:0001389]
synonym: "wound epithelium" BROAD  [ZFA:0001389]
synonym: "epidermal cap of fin" EXACT []
synonym: "wound epidermis of fin" EXACT []
synonym: "wound epithelium of fin" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483  ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:2001269 ! regenerating fin/limb
xref: ZFA:0001389 ! regeneration epithelium
xref: TAO:0001389 ! regeneration epithelium
xref: EFO:0003682 ! regeneration epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:2001388
name: epithelial mesenchymal boundary of regenerating fin/limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0012437 ! epithelial-mesenchymal boundary
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:2001269 ! regenerating fin/limb
xref: ZFA:0001388 ! epithelial mesenchymal boundary
xref: TAO:0001388

[Term]
id: UBERON:2005149
name: distal epidermal cap of regenerating fin/limb
def: "Part of regeneration epithelium at the tip of the fin/limb [ZFA,modified]." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0007567  ! regenerating anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:2001389 ! regeneration epithelium of fin/limb
xref: ZFA:0005149 ! distal epidermal cap
xref: TAO:0005149 ! distal epidermal cap

[Term]
id: UBERON:2005150
name: basal regeneration epithelium of regenerating fin/limb
def: "Layer of the wound epidermis that surrounds the blastema in the fin or limb[ZFA,modified]." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "basal wound epidermis" EXACT [UBERON:2005150]
is_a: UBERON:0007567  ! regenerating anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:2001389 ! regeneration epithelium of fin/limb
xref: ZFA:0005150 ! basal regeneration epithelium
xref: TAO:0005150 ! basal regeneration epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005306
name: blastema
def: "A blastema is a mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts. Historically blastema have been thought to be composed of undifferentiated pluripotent cells, but recent research indicates that in some organisms blastema may retain memory of tissue origin.[1] Blastemata are typically found in the early stages of an organism's development such as in embryos, and in the regeneration of tissues, organs and bone[WP]. A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise[ZFA]." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061108-12, ZFA:0001270, Wikipedia:Blastema]
comment: Note the ZFA class called 'blastema' belongs with the subclass, blastema of regenerating fin/limb
synonym: "regeneration blastema" EXACT [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061108-12]
synonym: "blastemata" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: TAO:0001270 ! blastema
xref: BTO:0001638 ! blastema 
xref: EFO:0003658 ! blastema
is_a: UBERON:0007567 {source="ZFA"} ! regenerating anatomical structure
relationship: has_part CL:0000354 ! blastemal cell
relationship: capable_of GO:0040007 ! growth
xref: XAO:0004060 ! blastema

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012438
name: blastema of regenerating fin/limb
intersection_of: UBERON:0005306 ! blastema
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:2001269 ! regenerating fin/limb
xref: ZFA:0001270 ! blastema

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012439
name: blastema of regenerating digit tip
synonym: "digit blastema" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0005306 ! blastema
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009551 ! distal segment of digit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007573
name: migrating epithelium
alt_id: EHDAA2:0003251
def: "An epithelium that extends its surface area by peripheral movement." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000206 ! migrating epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0000483 {source="AEO"} ! epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0003251 ! migrating epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007574
name: apical epidermal cap
synonym: "apical epidermal caps" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0005148]
synonym: "apical epithelial cap" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Blastema]
xref: TAO:0005148 ! apical epidermal cap
xref: ZFA:0005148 ! apical epidermal cap
is_a: UBERON:0007567 {source="ZFA"} ! regenerating anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:2001389 {source="ZFA"} ! regeneration epithelium of fin
property_value: external_definition "Part of the regeneration epithelium closest to the fin.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005148", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8293 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Caudata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007626
name: subparaventricular zone
xref: ABA:SBPV ! Subparaventricular zone
xref: MA:0000842 ! subparaventricular zone
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002272 {source="MA"} ! medial zone of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002690 {source="ABA"} ! anteroventral periventricular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001934 {source="ABA"} ! dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002625 {source="ABA"} ! median preoptic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002689 {source="ABA"} ! supraoptic crest
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002034 {source="ABA"} ! suprachiasmatic nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002219 {source="ABA"} ! subfornical organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006122
name: obsolete retrorubral area
is_obsolete: true
comment: Made obsolete as it grouped two unrelated classes
synonym: "A8" RELATED [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090301]
consider: FMA:66581 ! trunk of anterior basal segmental artery
consider: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090301 ! Retrorubral area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011172
name: retrorubral area
def: "The term retrorubral area refers to a region of the rat brain caudal to the red nucleus and caudal and dorsal to the ventral tegmental area identified by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Paxinos-2001 ). It is one of three parts of the midbrain reticular nucleus; the other two are the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus and the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). Some authors restrict its definition to the part of the retrorubral area where dopaminergic cells of the A8 cell group are prominent" [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1049]
synonym: "A8" BROAD  [NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090301]
synonym: "retrorubal field" BROAD  [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/]
synonym: "midbrain reticular nucleus, retrorubral area" EXACT [ABA:RR]
is_a: UBERON:0002950 {source="NIF_GrossAnatomy"} ! regional part of midbrain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007415 {source="Obol"} ! nucleus of midbrain reticular formation
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:nlx_anat_20090301 ! Retrorubral area
xref: ABA:RR ! Midbrain reticular nucleus, retrorubral area

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007628 ! lateral septal complex
name: lateral septal complex
comment: todo - split nucleus and complex
xref: ABA:LSX ! Lateral septal complex
xref: MA:0000933 ! lateral septal complex
xref: FMA:61878 ! Lateral septal nucleus (also: UBERON:0002667 'lateral septal nucleus')
is_a: UBERON:0002663 {source="MA"} ! septal nuclear complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002435 {source="ABA"} ! striatum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007629
name: medial septal complex
xref: ABA:MSC ! Medial septal complex
xref: MA:0000934 ! medial septal complex
xref: FMA:61879 ! Medial septal nucleus (also: UBERON:0001877 'medial septal nucleus')
xref: FMA:61879 ! medial septal nucleus (also: UBERON:0001877 'medial septal nucleus')
is_a: UBERON:0002663 {source="MA"} ! septal nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002977 {source="ABA"} ! triangular septal nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007630
name: septohippocampal nucleus
xref: ABA:SH ! Septohippocampal nucleus
xref: MA:0000939 ! septohippocampal nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0002663 {source="MA"} ! septal nuclear complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007628 ! lateral septal complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002667 {source="ABA"} ! lateral septal nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0001878 {source="ABA"} ! septofimbrial nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007631
name: accessory olfactory bulb glomerular layer
xref: ABA:AOBgl ! Accessory olfactory bulb, glomerular layer
xref: MA:0000967 ! accessory olfactory bulb glomerular layer
is_a: UBERON:0005162 ! multi cell component structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004069 {source="ABA"} ! accessory olfactory bulb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007632
name: Barrington's nucleus
xref: ABA:B ! Barrington's nucleus
xref: MA:0001011 ! barrington's nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0006331 {source="MA"} ! brainstem nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 {source="MA"} ! pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002143 {source="ABA"} ! dorsal tegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002968 {source="ABA"} ! central gray substance of pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002151 {source="ABA"} ! pontine nuclear group
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002963 {source="ABA"} ! caudal pontine reticular nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002149 {source="ABA"} ! superior salivatory nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002147 {source="ABA"} ! reticulotegmental nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002633 {source="ABA"} ! motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002682 {source="ABA"} ! abducens nucleus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0003011 {source="ABA"} ! facial motor nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007634
name: parabrachial nucleus
xref: ABA:PB ! Parabrachial nucleus
xref: MA:0001019 ! parabrachial nucleus
xref: BM:PB ! parabrachial nucleus
is_a: UBERON:0006331 {source="MA"} ! brainstem nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000988 {source="MA"} ! pons
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0006840 {source="ABA"} ! nucleus of lateral lemniscus
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002597 {source="ABA"} ! principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002128 {source="ABA"} ! superior olivary complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007770
name: osphradium
def: "The osphradium is the olfactory organ in certain molluscs, linked with the respiration organ. The main function of this is to test incoming water for silt and other possible food particles. It is used by all members of the Genus Conus." [Wikipedia:Osphradium, BTO:0004995]
xref: BTO:0004995 ! osphradium
is_a: UBERON:0002268 {source="BTO"} ! olfactory organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007805
name: synsacrum
def: "The synsacrum is a skeletal structure, mainly described in birds and dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially-fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae. The ilium of the pelvis is attached to the synsacrum and, in some species, may also be fused to it. Together with the pelvis this forms a rigid structure which carries the weight of the hind end of the animal. In living and some prehistoric birds, posterior to the synsacrum there are usually only a few free caudal vertebrae, on the end of which lies the pygostyle[WP]. Complex of synostotically fused vertebrae supporting the pelvic girdle. In anurans, the synsacrum is formed by two vertebrae and the urostyle is fused to its posterior end[AAO]." [AAO:Pugener_2002, Wikipedia:Synsacrum]
comment: produced by fusion of last thoracics, all lumbars, all sacrals, & first few caudals; 
xref: AAO:0000740 ! synsacrum
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006075 {source="AAO"} ! sacral region of vertebral column
xref: SCTID:67943001 ! Synsacrum
xref: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdskeleton.gif
property_value: external_definition "Complex of synostotically fused vertebrae supporting the pelvic girdle. In anurans, the synsacrum is formed by two vertebrae and the urostyle is fused to its posterior end.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000740", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:Pugener_2002"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass portion of (AAO:0010428)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0000740", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007914
name: head or neck bone
xref: MA:0000569 ! head or neck bone
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="MA"} ! bone element
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007811 ! craniocervical region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007811 {source="MA"} ! craniocervical region
def: "A bone that is part of a craniocervical region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012131
name: centrale
def: "Endochondral bone located between the proximal and distal rows of carpals or tarsals and thus representing the central carpals or tarsals[PHENOSCAPE]." [PHENOSCAPE:AMAO]
synonym: "os centrale" EXACT [FMA:77232]
synonym: "central mesopodium bone" EXACT []
comment: Usage notes: This term corresponds both to the navicular bone in the pes and the similar central carpals in the manus. AO notes: the FMA term is under 'general anatomical term'.
xref: FMA:77232 ! os centrale
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="phenoscape"} ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009878 ! mesopodial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007958
name: central carpal bone
def: "A small bone occasionally found at the dorsal aspect of the wrist between the scaphoid, capitate, and trapezoid; it is developed as an independent cartilage in early foetal life but usually becomes fused with the scaphoid; it occurs normally in most monkeys." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=63518]
synonym: "central carpals" EXACT  []
synonym: "os centrale" BROAD  []
synonym: "centrale" BROAD  [MA:0001344]
synonym: "os carpi centrale" RELATED  [http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8251/1/8251.pdf]
synonym: "os centrale carpi" RELATED  []
synonym: "central bone" BROAD  [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=63518]
xref: MA:0001344 ! central carpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0012131 ! centrale
is_a: UBERON:0001435 {source="MA"} ! carpal bone
xref: SCTID:26987000 ! Central carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007959
name: falciform carpal bone
comment: todo - check relationship to radial sesamoid
synonym: "os falciform" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "os falciforme" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0001345 ! falciform carpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0001435 {source="MA"} ! carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008257
name: radial sesamoid
def: "In the giant panda, a large digitlike preaxial element that articulates with the scapholunatum and the medial border of the first metacarpal." [ISBN-10:0226313379]
synonym: "os sesamoideum radiale" EXACT [ISBN-10:0226313379]
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
relationship: preaxial_part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0007960 ! scapholunate
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007960
name: scapholunate
def: "The combined scaphoid and lunate bones." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: present in mouse[based on MA], carnivora[Websters] and macropods[WP]. 
synonym: "intermedioradial carpal bone" RELATED  [MA:0001346]
synonym: "scapholunatum" RELATED  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "scapholunate bone" EXACT  [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0001346 ! scapholunate
is_a: UBERON:0001480 {source="MA"} ! proximal carpal bone
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001427 ! scaphoid
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001428 ! lunate


[Term]
id: UBERON:0008254
name: styliform cartilage
def: "shaft of skeletal tissue that articulates with the lateral border of the carpus." [ISBN-10:0226313379]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilage element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton
relationship: has_function_in GO:0060361 ! flight
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
relationship: homologous_to UBERON:0001429 {comment="checkme"} ! pisiform

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007990
name: proximal sesamoid bone of pes
xref: MA:0001376 ! proximal sesamoid bone of foot
is_a: UBERON:0004248 {source="MA"} ! pedal digit bone
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="MA"} ! sesamoid bone
synonym: "proximal sesamoid bone of foot" EXACT [MA:0001376]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007991
name: proximal sesamoid bone of manus
xref: MA:0001377 ! proximal sesamoid bone of hand
synonym: "proximal sesamoid bone of hand" EXACT [MA:0001377]
is_a: UBERON:0004249 {source="MA"} ! manual digit bone
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="MA"} ! sesamoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007997
name: sesamoid bone of manus
xref: FMA:42353 ! sesamoid bone of hand
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="FMA"} ! sesamoid bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of manus
xref: SCTID:368448000 ! Entire sesamoid bone of hand
synonym: "sesamoid bone of hand" EXACT [FMA:42353]
def: "A sesamoid bone that is part of a manus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008000
name: sesamoid bone of pes
xref: FMA:45096 ! sesamoid bone of foot
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="FMA"} ! sesamoid bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 {source="FMA"} ! skeleton of pes
xref: SCTID:244675002 ! Entire sesamoid bone of foot
synonym: "sesamoid bone of foot" EXACT [FMA:45096]
def: "A sesamoid bone that is part of a pes." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008001 ! irregular bone
name: irregular bone
def: "The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid." [Wikipedia:Irregular_bone]
synonym: "os irregulare" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7477 ! irregular bone
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="FMA"} ! bone element
xref: ncithesaurus:Irregular_Bone ! Irregular Bone
xref: SCTID:421560006 ! Entire irregular bone
synonym: "os irregulare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Irregular_bone]
xref: UMLS:C0502414

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010428
name: flat bone
def: "Flat bones are those bones which are found where the principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment, the bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula. These bones are composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. In an adult, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones. In the cranial bones, the layers of compact tissue are familiarly known as the tables of the skull; the outer one is thick and tough; the inner is thin, dense, and brittle, and hence is termed the vitreous table. The intervening cancellous tissue is called the diploC+, and this, in certain regions of the skull, becomes absorbed so as to leave spaces filled with air (air-sinuses) between the two tables. The flat bones are: the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs." [Wikipedia:Flat_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="FMA"} ! bone element
xref: FMA:7476 ! flat bone
xref: ncithesaurus:Flat_Bone ! flat bone
xref: SCTID:332907008 ! Entire flat bone
synonym: "os planum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flat_bone]
xref: galen:FlatBone ! flat bone
xref: UMLS:C0222649

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008199
name: chin
def: "Surface structure that is the anteriormost part of the lower jaw region. In humans, the chin is the lowermost part of the face. It is formed by the lower front of the mandible. People show a wide variety of chin structures. See Cleft chin. The chin developed as a point of muscular attachment facilitating minute movements of the lips associated with speech. In human evolution, the chin is a cladistic apomorphy, partially defining anatomically modern Humans as distinct from archaic forms." [Wikipedia:Chin, TAO:0002254]
synonym: "chins" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chin]
synonym: "mental part of face" EXACT  [FMA:46495]
synonym: "mental region" EXACT  [FMA:46495]
synonym: "mental region of face" EXACT  [FMA:46495]
xref: FMA:46495 ! chin
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.259 ! chin
xref: GAID:67 ! chin
xref: TAO:0002254 ! chin
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 {source="MESH"} ! face
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 {source="FMA"} ! lower jaw region
synonym: "regio mentalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:46495]
xref: galen:Chin
xref: SCTID:362632004 ! Entire chin
synonym: "mentum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Chin]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gray1195.png
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure that is the anteriormost region of the lower jaw.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002254", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}
property_value: has_relational_adjective "mental" xsd:string

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008200
name: forehead
def: "The part of the face above the eyes[MESH]. In human anatomy, the forehead is the fore part of the head. It is, formally, an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond[WP]." [MESH:A01.456.505.580, Wikipedia:Forehead]
synonym: "fore head" RELATED [Wikipedia:Forehead]
xref: FMA:63864 ! forehead
xref: MESH:A01.456.505.580 ! forehead
xref: GAID:74 ! forehead
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 {source="FMA"} ! face
xref: galen:Forehead
xref: SCTID:362614004 ! Entire forehead
xref: ncithesaurus:Forehead ! forehead
synonym: "sinciput" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Forehead]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Forhead_01_ies.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0016540

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008269
name: nacre
def: "an organic-inorganic composite material produced by some mollusks as an inner shell layer; it is also what makes up pearls. It is very strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is found in some ancient lineages of bivalve gastropod and cephalopod. The inner layer in the great majority of mollusk shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, frequently resulting in a non-iridescent shine or less commonly in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure (e.g. conch pearl). Pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Many other families of mollusk also have a nacreous inner shell layer, including marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae. Nacre is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate) 10-20 µm wide and 0.5 µm thick arranged in a continuous parallel lamina. These layers are separated by sheets of organic matrix composed of elastic biopolymers (such as chitin, lustrin and silk-like proteins)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nacre]
synonym: "mother of pearl" EXACT [Wikipedia:Nacre]
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008270 ! mollusc shell
name: mollusc shell
def: "a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes. Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea, many live on the land and in freshwater." [Wikipedia:Mollusc_shell]
is_a: UBERON:0006612 ! shell
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008271 ! turtle shell
name: turtle shell
def: "a highly complicated shield for the ventral and dorsal parts of the turtle, completely enclosing all the vital organs of the turtle and in some cases even the head. It is constructed of modified bony elements such as the ribs, parts of the pelvis and other bones found in most reptiles. The bone of the shell consists of both skeletal and dermal bone, showing that the complete enclosure of the shell probably evolved by including dermal armor into the rib cage.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Turtle_shell#Shell]
is_a: UBERON:0006612 ! shell
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8459 ! Testudines

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008274
name: mollusc venom
def: "Venoms from mollusks, including the Conus and Octopus species. The venoms contain proteins, enzymes, choline derivatives, slow-reacting substances, and several characterized polypeptide toxins that affect the nervous system. Mollusk venoms include cephalotoxin, venerup in, maculotoxin, surugatoxin, conotoxins, and murexine." [MESH:D24.185.926.580.590]
synonym: "conus venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.590]
synonym: "mollusc venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.590]
synonym: "mollusk venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.590]
synonym: "octopus venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.590]
synonym: "snail venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.590]
is_a: UBERON:0007113 {source="MESH"} ! venom
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca
xref: MESH:D24.185.926.580.590 ! mollusk venom

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008275
name: carapace
def: "Dorsal subdivision of turtle shell, consisting of the animal's ribcage combined with dermal bone[WP, modified]." [Wikipedia:Carapace#Turtles_and_tortoises]
comment: note BTO class is more general
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008271 ! turtle shell
xref: BTO:0001701 ! carapace (also: UBERON:0008276 'plastron')

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008276
name: plastron
def: "A composite bony plate forming the floor of the shell of a turtle consisting of fused dermal elements, including contributions from the clavicles (epiplastrons) and interclavice (epiplastron)." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Turtle_shell#Plastron, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: note BTO class is more general
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008271 ! turtle shell
xref: BTO:0001701 ! carapace (also: UBERON:0008275 'carapace')
xref: SCTID:64243001 ! Plastron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011657 ! dermal element of plastron
name: dermal element of plastron
def: "Fused ventral dermal element constituting the plastron." [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "plastral plate" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008276 ! plastron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011658
name: epiplastron
def: "Paired dermal bone that is part of the anterior region of the plastron. The epiplastron is found only in turtles. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]." [PHENOSCAPE:ad, PHENOSCAPE:mah, ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: Derived ancestrally from the clavicle.
synonym: "clavicle" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0011657 ! dermal element of plastron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011659
name: entoplastron
def: "A median bone at the anterior margin of the plastron." [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "interclavicle" RELATED [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0011657 ! dermal element of plastron
relationship: has_fused_element UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011660
name: hypoplastron
is_a: UBERON:0011657 ! dermal element of plastron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011661
name: xiphiplastron
is_a: UBERON:0011657 ! dermal element of plastron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011662 ! plastron-carapice bridge
name: plastron-carapice bridge
synonym: "bridge struct" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008276 ! plastron

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011663
name: anterior plastron-carapice bridge
synonym: "anterior bridge struct" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011662 ! plastron-carapice bridge

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011664
name: posterior plastron-carapice bridge
synonym: "posterior bridge struct" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011662 ! plastron-carapice bridge

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011665 ! carapace bone
name: carapace bone
def: "Fused dorsal element constituting the carapace of a turtle shell." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: The carapace contains a mix of dermal bone and rib cage
synonym: "carapace plate" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008275 ! carapace

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011666
name: peripheral plate of carapace
def: "One of a series of bones around the edge of the carapace." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0011665 ! carapace bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011667
name: pleural plate of carapace
def: "One of eight pairs of plates on the carapace, forming two rows adjacent to the peripheral plates." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: A combination of ribs and fused dermal bone[WP]
is_a: UBERON:0011665 ! carapace bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011668
name: nuchal plate of carapace
def: "." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0011665 ! carapace bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011669
name: neural plate of carapace
def: "One of a series of plates on the dorsal midline of the turtle shell, posterior to the nuchal bone." [ISBN10:0073040584]
comment: In many species of Pleurodire they are submerged below the pleurals[WP]
is_a: UBERON:0011665 ! carapace bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011670
name: pygal plate of carapace
def: "One of three plates on the posterior end of the carapace, posterior to the neural plates." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0011665 ! carapace bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011671
name: nuchal bone
def: "A single bone on the anterior end of the carapace." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0011665 ! carapace bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011672
name: suprapygal bone
def: "." [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0011665 ! carapace bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011673
name: plastron scute
intersection_of: UBERON:0008201 ! scute
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008276 ! plastron
def: "A scute that is part of a plastron." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011674
name: carapace scute
intersection_of: UBERON:0008201 ! scute
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008275 ! carapace
def: "A scute that is part of a carapace." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008277 ! cnida
name: cnida
synonym: "cnidae" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0000470 ! cell part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008278
name: nematocyst
def: "One of the stinging organelles of coelenterates used in catching prey." [BTO:0000918]
xref: BTO:0000918 ! nematocyst
is_a: UBERON:0008277 ! cnida

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008279
name: spirocyst
is_a: UBERON:0008277 ! cnida

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008280
name: cnidarian venom
def: "Venoms from jellyfish, corals, SEA ANEMONES, etc. They contain hemo-, cardio-, dermo- , and neurotoxic substances and probably ENZYMES. They include palytoxin, sarcophine, and anthopleurine." [MESH:D24.185.926.580.230]
synonym: "chironex venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.230]
synonym: "cnidarian venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.230]
synonym: "jellyfish venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.230]
synonym: "portuguese man of war venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.230]
synonym: "portuguese man-of-war venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.230]
synonym: "sea anemone venom" RELATED  [MESH:D24.185.926.580.230]
is_a: UBERON:0007113 {source="MESH"} ! venom
xref: MESH:D24.185.926.580.230 ! cnidarian venom

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008283 ! columnella
name: columnella
def: "a central anatomical feature of a coiled snail shell or gastropod shell. It is often only clearly visible as a structure when the shell is broken, or sliced in half vertically, or in an X-ray." [Wikipedia:Columella_(gastropod)]
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008341 ! columella nasi
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001687 ! stapes
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008270 ! mollusc shell
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008284
name: columnella muscle
def: "The muscle of the central column or axis of a spiral univalve shell." [BTO:0000277, Wikipedia:Columella_(gastropod)#Columellar_muscles]
synonym: "columella muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0000277]
xref: BTO:0000277 ! columnella muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008283 ! columnella

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008337
name: inguinal part of abdomen
def: "The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh." [MESH:A01.047.365]
comment: galen treats inguinal region and groin as distinct
synonym: "iliac region" RELATED  [BTO:0003358]
synonym: "inguen" RELATED  [BTO:0003358]
synonym: "inguinal region" RELATED  [BTO:0003358]
synonym: "groin" EXACT  [FMA:24040]
synonym: "iliac fossa viewed surgically" EXACT  [FMA:24040]
synonym: "iliac region" EXACT  [FMA:24040]
synonym: "inguen" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "inguinal region" EXACT  [FMA:24040]
xref: FMA:24040 ! inguinal part of abdomen
xref: BTO:0003358 ! groin
xref: MESH:A01.047.365
xref: GAID:27 ! groin
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
xref: ncithesaurus:Inguinal_Region ! Inguinal Region
xref: galen:InguinalRegion
xref: SCTID:243962005 ! Entire inguinal region
xref: EFO:0001397 ! inguinal region
xref: UMLS:C0018246

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011015
name: iliac fossa
xref: FMA:75316 ! iliac fossa
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium
xref: SCTID:182341009 ! Entire iliac fossa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008837 ! palmar/plantar part of autopod
name: palmar/plantar part of autopod
is_a: UBERON:0002529 ! limb segment
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012348 ! autopod pad
name: autopod pad
def: "thin, pigmented, keratinised, hairless epidermis covering subcutaneous, collagenous, and adipose tissue."  [UBERON:cjm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paw#Common_characteristics]
synonym: "paw pad" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002470 ! autopod region
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002190 ! subcutaneous adipose tissue
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Paw_and_pads.jpg/250px-Paw_and_pads.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012349
name: digital pad
def: "A thick spongy structure at the base of the paw, centred over the flexor surfaces of the distal interphalangeal joints." [MURDOCH:611]
comment: May be fused
synonym: "interdigital pad" EXACT []
synonym: "acropodial pad" EXACT []
synonym: "acropodium pad" EXACT []
synonym: "digital cushion" RELATED []
synonym: "digital pads" RELATED PLURAL []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012348 ! autopod pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0012354 ! acropodium region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012350
name: carpal pad
def: "An autopod pad found in the carpal region of a paw. Used for additional traction when stopping or descending a slope in digitigrade species." [UBERON:cjm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0012348 ! autopod pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004452 ! carpal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008838 ! metapodial pad
name: metapodial pad
def: "A thick, spongy layer of tissue located under the metacarpal and metatarsal joints of the foot" [ncithesaurus:Footpad]
comment: Editor notes: check synonyms - re footpad
synonym: "foot pad" RELATED []
synonym: "metapodium pad" RELATED []
synonym: "foot pad" RELATED []
synonym: "footpad" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012348 ! autopod pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0009877 ! metapodium region
xref: ncithesaurus:Footpad ! footpad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008839
name: palmar pad
def: "An autopod pad that is in the metacarpal region" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: note that the EMAPA term refers to the plural
synonym: "palmar pads" RELATED PLURAL [EMAPA:18489]
synonym: "metacarpal pad" RELATED []
synonym: "metacarpal foot pad" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0008838 ! metapodial pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004453 ! metacarpus region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001519 {source="EMAPA"} ! skin of manus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008878 {source="cjm"} ! palmar part of manus
xref: EMAPA:18489 ! palmar pads

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008840
name: plantar pad
def: "An autopod pad that is in the metatarsal region" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "plantar pads" RELATED PLURAL [EMAPA:18507]
synonym: "metatarsal pad" RELATED []
synonym: "metatarsal foot pad" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0008838 ! metapodial pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000983 ! metatarsus region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001513 {source="EMAPA"} ! skin of pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008338 {source="cjm"} ! plantar part of pes
xref: EMAPA:18507 ! plantar pads
property_value: external_definition "The canine metatarsal pad is large and heart-shaped, and functions to cushion the foot. The pad is covered by a naked, densely cornified epidermis, which is usually highly pigmented and is the toughest region of the canine skin. The digital cushion or bulk of the foot pad is composed of a subcutaneous adipose tissue, partitioned by reticular, collagenous and elastic fibres. The subcutis of the canine footpads contains sweat glands embedded in the adipose tissue. The ducts of these glands channel through the thick epidermis of the foot pad. The secretions from these glands function as territorial or trail markers[MURDOCH:1334]." xsd:string {source="MURDOCH:1334"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008338 ! plantar part of pes
name: plantar part of pes
def: "The sole is the bottom of the foot. In humans is the sole of the foot anatomically referred to as the plantar aspect. The equivalent surface in ungulates is the hoof." [Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29]
synonym: "pelma" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29]
synonym: "sole of foot" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29]
synonym: "sole of the foot" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29]
synonym: "soles of the feet" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29]
synonym: "planta" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "plantar region" EXACT  [FMA:25000]
synonym: "regio plantaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "sole" EXACT  [FMA:25000]
synonym: "sole of foot" EXACT  [FMA:25000]
is_a: UBERON:0005445 {source="FMA"} ! segment of pes
is_a: UBERON:0008837 ! palmar/plantar part of autopod
xref: FMA:25000 ! plantar part of foot
xref: BTO:0005078 ! foot sole
xref: ncithesaurus:Plantar_Region ! Plantar Region
xref: galen:SoleOfFoot
xref: SCTID:57999000 ! Structure of sole of foot
synonym: "planta" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sole_%28foot%29]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Soles2.jpg
synonym: "plantar part of foot" EXACT [FMA:25000]
xref: UMLS:C0230463

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008878
name: palmar part of manus
synonym: "front of hand" EXACT  [FMA:24920]
synonym: "palm of hand" EXACT  [FMA:24920]
synonym: "palmar region" EXACT  [FMA:24920]
synonym: "regio palmaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "palm" EXACT [FMA:24920]
is_a: UBERON:0005451 {source="FMA"} ! segment of manus
is_a: UBERON:0008837 ! palmar/plantar part of autopod
xref: FMA:24920 ! palm
xref: ncithesaurus:Palmar_Region ! Palmar Region
xref: galen:Palm ! palm
xref: UMLS:C0931849

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013622
name: manual autopod pad
intersection_of: UBERON:0012348 ! autopod pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
synonym: "manual foot pad" RELATED []
synonym: "foot pad of manus" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013623
name: pedal autopod pad
intersection_of: UBERON:0012348 ! autopod pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "pedal foot pad" RELATED []
synonym: "foot pad of pes" RELATED []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013626
name: medial metatarsal pad
synonym: "thenar pad" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008840 ! plantar pad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013627
name: lateral metatarsal pad
synonym: "hypothenar pad" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008840 ! plantar pad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013628
name: pollical pad
synonym: "interdigital pad 1 of manus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0012349 ! digital pad
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013629
name: hallical pad
synonym: "interdigital pad 1 of pes" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0012349 ! digital pad
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003631 ! pedal digit 1


[Term]
id: UBERON:0008339
name: microvascular endothelium
is_a: UBERON:0004852 {source="BTO"} ! cardiovascular system endothelium
xref: BTO:0003122 ! microvascular endothelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008340 ! nasal bridge
name: nasal bridge
def: "A saddle-shaped area that includes the nasal root and the lateral aspects of the nose. It lies between the glabella and the inferior boundary of the nasal bone, and extends laterally to the inner canth[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_bridge, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajmg.a.32600/full]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 {source="AEO"} ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006333 {source="MA"} ! snout
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
xref: MA:0002874 ! nasal bridge

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008367
name: breast epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000310 ! breast
xref: BTO:0001428 ! breast epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a breast." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008397
name: tracheobronchial epithelium
def: "Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckMedicus]
synonym: "bronchotracheal epithelium" RELATED  [BTO:0002925]
is_a: UBERON:0004802 {source="BTO"} ! respiratory tract epithelium
xref: BTO:0002925 ! tracheobronchial epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008404
name: proximale tubular epithelium
def: "The cells lining the proximal tubule are cuboidal epithelial cells with deep basal membrane invaginations that provide a large basal surface area. The long microvilli (the brush border) lining the tubule lumen, maximize luminal surface area and make these cells ideally suited for both reabsorptive and secretory functions." [Renal_Physiology:Section_7,_Chapter_3]
synonym: "proximale tubule epithelium" RELATED  [BTO:0003576]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004134 ! proximal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004134 {source="BTO"} ! proximal tubule
xref: BTO:0003576 ! proximale tubular epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008408
name: distal tubular epithelium
synonym: "distal tubule epithelium" RELATED  [BTO:0003948]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004135 ! distal tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004135 {source="BTO"} ! distal tubule
xref: BTO:0003948 ! distal tubular epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a distal tubule." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008420
name: buccal epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006956 ! buccal mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006956 {source="BTO"} ! buccal mucosa
xref: BTO:0004803 ! buccal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a buccal mucosa." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000180
name: lateral lumbar region of abdomen
def: "a region of the posterior torso (lower back) beneath the ribs and above the ilium." [Wikipedia:Abdomen#9-region_scheme, Wikipedia:Latus_(anatomy)]
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000916 ! abdomen
synonym: "flank" EXACT [Wikipedia:Latus_(anatomy)]
synonym: "lateral region" EXACT [FMA:14603]
synonym: "lateral region of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:14603]
synonym: "regio lateralis" EXACT [FMA:14603]
synonym: "latus" EXACT [FMA:14603]
xref: FMA:14603 ! lateral lumbar region of abdomen
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray1220.png
xref: galen:Flank
xref: SCTID:243329008 ! Entire lateral region of abdomen
xref: ncithesaurus:Flank ! flank
xref: UMLS:C0230171

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000569
name: ileocecal valve
def: "The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum." [Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve]
is_a: UBERON:0003978 {source="Obol"} ! valve
is_a: UBERON:0004590 {source="Wikipedia"} ! sphincter muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001073 {source="FMA"} ! ileocecal junction
synonym: "valva ileocaecalis (valva ilealis)" EXACT [FMA:15973]
synonym: "Tulp's valve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve]
xref: FMA:15973 ! ileocecal valve
xref: ncithesaurus:Ileocecal_Valve ! Ileocecal Valve
xref: galen:IleocecalValve
xref: SCTID:362153007 ! Entire ileocecal valve
synonym: "valva ileocaecalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Gray1075.png
xref: UMLS:C0020880

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008841 ! suspensory ligament
name: suspensory ligament
is_a: UBERON:0008845 ! nonskeletal ligament
def: "A ligament that supports a body part, especially an organ." [Wikipedia:Cooper%27s_ligaments_of_penis]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000642
name: suspensory ligament of duodenum
def: "Ligament that connects the duodenum of the small intestines to the diaphragm. It contains a slender band of skeletal muscle from the diaphragm and a fibromuscular band of smooth muscle from the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum. When it contracts, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure, allowing movement of the intestinal contents It arises from the right crus as it passes around the esophagus, continues as connective tissue around the stems of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery and inserts into the third and fourth portions of the duodenum and frequently into the duodenojejunal (DJ) flexure (between the duodenum and the jejunum) as well. " [Wikipedia:Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum]
comment: an especially important landmark to note when looking at the bowel for the presence of malrotation of the gut, a syndrome often suspected in young children when they have episodes of recurrent vomiting. Visualizing a normal location of the ligament of Treitz in radiological images is critical in ruling out malrotation of the gut in a child; it is abnormally located when malrotation is present. An abnormally low and fixed position of the ligament of Treitz is a known cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. However, identifying it on a CT scan is difficult. Hematemesis (blood in the vomit) or melena (black tarry stools) usually indicate a gastrointestinal bleed from a location proximal to the ligament. Hematochezia (bright red blood or clots in the stools) usually indicates a gastrointestinal bleed from a location distal to the ligament.
synonym: "ligament of Treitz" EXACT [FMA:20509]
synonym: "muscle of Treitz" EXACT [FMA:20509]
synonym: "suspensory muscle of duodenum" EXACT [FMA:20509]
synonym: "musculus suspensorius duodeni" EXACT [FMA:20509]
xref: FMA:20509 ! suspensory ligament of duodenum
is_a: UBERON:0008841 {source="Obol"} ! suspensory ligament
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002114 {source="Obol"} ! duodenum
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001103 {source="Obol"} ! diaphragm
intersection_of: UBERON:0008841 ! suspensory ligament
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: SCTID:279979000 ! Entire suspensory muscle of duodenum
synonym: "musculus suspensorius duodeni" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Gray1042.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011220
name: mastoid process of temporal bone
def: "The mastoid process is a conical prominence projecting from the undersurface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It is located just behind the external acoustic meatus, and lateral to the styloid process. Its size and form vary somewhat; it is larger in the male than in the female. This process serves for the attachment of the posterior belly of the digastric, sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, and longissimus capitis muscles. The word is derived from the Greek 'masto-', alluding to its resemblance to the breast." [Wikipedia:Mastoid_process]
synonym: "mastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mastoid_process]
synonym: "processus mastoideus ossis temporalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mastoid_process]
synonym: "mastoid process" EXACT [FMA:52872]
synonym: "mastoid process of skull" EXACT []
xref: FMA:52872 ! mastoid process
xref: ncithesaurus:Mastoid_Process ! mastoid process
xref: SCTID:304336002 ! Entire mastoid process of skull
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! temporal bone
xref: UMLS:C0446908

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000711
name: splenius capitis
def: "The splenius capitis is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ. The fibers of the muscle are directed upward and lateralward and are inserted, under cover of the Sternocleidomastoideus, into the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line. The Splenius Capitis muscle is innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves C3-C4. The splenius muscle is a prime mover for head extension. The splenius capitis can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine." [Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0002252 {source="FMA"} ! splenius
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 ! neck
synonym: "splenius capitis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle]
xref: FMA:22653 ! splenius capitis
xref: SCTID:244850004 ! Entire splenius capitis muscle
synonym: "musculus splenius capitis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000351 {source="dbpedia", notes="Ligamentum nuchae spinous process of C7-T6"} ! nuchal ligament
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011220 {source="Wikipedia:Mastoid_process"} ! mastoid process of temporal bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Splenius.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000144
name: trochlea of humerus
def: "The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. It is directly inferior to the most prominent anterior humeral fossia, the Coronoid fossia. It articulates with the ulna." [Wikipedia:Trochlea_of_humerus]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus
synonym: "humeral trochlea" EXACT [FMA:23370]
xref: FMA:23370 ! trochlea of humerus
xref: SCTID:282817004 ! Entire trochlea of humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Trochleahumeri.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000199
name: neck of radius
def: "the narrow part of the shaft of the radius just below the head." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=58913]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004413 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of radius
synonym: "radial neck" EXACT [FMA:23479]
xref: FMA:23479 ! neck of radius
xref: galen:NeckOfRadius
xref: SCTID:181942005 ! Entire neck of radius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000218
name: vertebral arch of axis
synonym: "vertebral foramen of cervical vertebra 2" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! vertebral arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! cervical vertebra 2
xref: FMA:24053 ! vertebral arch of axis
def: "A neural arch that is part of a cervical vertebra 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008437
name: posterior arch of atlas
def: "In a cervical vertebra, the posterior arch forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores." [Wikipedia:Posterior_arch_of_atlas]
synonym: "posterior arch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_arch]
is_a: UBERON:0008434 {source="FMA"} ! cervical vertebral arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 {source="FMA"} ! cervical vertebra 1
xref: FMA:23977 ! posterior arch of atlas
xref: SCTID:181892007 ! Entire posterior arch of atlas
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Arcusposterioratlantis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000219
name: vertebral foramen of atlas
def: "." [Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy)#Vertebral_foramen]
synonym: "vertebral foramen of cervical vertebra 1" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! cervical vertebra 1
xref: FMA:24293 ! vertebral foramen of atlas
xref: SCTID:281228008 ! Vertebral foramen of atlas

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000221
name: supraauricular point
def: "a craniometric point on the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone directly above the auricular point." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=70620]
is_a: UBERON:0006983 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical point
xref: FMA:224222 ! supra-auricular part of head
synonym: "supra-auricular part of head" EXACT [FMA:224222]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001010
name: diaphysis of ulna
def: "The body of the ulna at its upper part is prismatic in form, and curved so as to be convex behind and lateralward; its central part is straight; its lower part is rounded, smooth, and bent a little lateralward. It tapers gradually from above downward, and has three borders and three surfaces." [Wikipedia:Body_of_ulna]
synonym: "shaft of ulna" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_ulna]
synonym: "supinator crest" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_ulna]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
synonym: "body of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33760]
synonym: "shaft of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33760]
synonym: "ulnar diaphysis" EXACT [FMA:33760]
synonym: "corpus ulnae" EXACT [FMA:33760]
xref: FMA:33760 ! diaphysis of ulna
xref: SCTID:302520004 ! Entire shaft of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001012
name: head of radius
def: "The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum (or capitellum) of the humerus. The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament. The deepest point in the fovea is not axi-symmetric with the long axis of the radius, creating a cam effect during pronation and supination[WP]." [Wikipedia:Head_of_radius]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 {source="FMA"} ! elbow joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004413 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of radius
synonym: "radial head" EXACT [FMA:33773]
xref: FMA:33773 ! head of radius
xref: galen:HeadOfRadius
xref: SCTID:181941003 ! Entire head of radius
synonym: "caput radii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Head_of_radius]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Gray214.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001028
name: diaphysis of radius
def: "A diaphysis that is part of a radius bone[Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Body_of_radius]
synonym: "radial shaft" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_radius]
synonym: "shaft of radius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_radius]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius
synonym: "body of radius" EXACT [FMA:33782]
synonym: "radial diaphysis" EXACT [FMA:33782]
synonym: "shaft of radius" EXACT [FMA:33782]
synonym: "corpus radii" EXACT [FMA:33782]
xref: FMA:33782 ! diaphysis of radius
xref: SCTID:302518002 ! Entire shaft of radius
property_value: external_definition "The body of the radius (or shaft of radius) is prismoid in form, narrower above than below, and slightly curved, so as to be convex lateralward. It presents three borders and three surfaces[Wikipedia:Body_of_radius]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Body_of_radius"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013280
name: diaphysis of tibia
def: "A diaphysis that is part of a tibia." [OBOL:automatic, Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia]
synonym: "body of the tibia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia]
synonym: "shaft of tibia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia]
synonym: "body of tibia" EXACT  [FMA:33125]
synonym: "corpus tibiae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "shaft of tibia" EXACT  [FMA:33125]
synonym: "tibial diaphysis" EXACT  [FMA:33125]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769  ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
xref: FMA:33125 ! diaphysis of tibia
xref: SCTID:302525009 ! Entire shaft of tibia
property_value: external_definition "The body of the tibia has three borders and three surfaces[Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Body_of_tibia"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002988
name: first dorsal interosseous of manus
is_a: UBERON:0001503 {source="FMA"} ! dorsal interosseous of manus
synonym: "abductor indicis" EXACT [FMA:37424]
synonym: "first dorsal interosseous of hand" EXACT [FMA:37424]
xref: FMA:37424 ! first dorsal interosseous of hand
xref: SCTID:245003002 ! First dorsal interosseous of hand
synonym: "first dorsal interosseous of hand" EXACT [FMA:37424]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002989
name: anconeus muscle
def: "small muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint." [Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle]
comment: Some consider anconeus to be a continuation of the triceps brachii muscle. Some sources consider it to be part of the posterior compartment of the arm, while others consider it part of the posterior compartment of the forearm.
is_a: UBERON:0004255 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb stylopod muscle
synonym: "anconeus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle]
xref: FMA:37704 ! anconeus
xref: SCTID:244993003 ! Entire anconeus muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001492 {source="dbpedia"} ! radial nerve
synonym: "musculus anconeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006810 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally"} ! olecranon
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally"} ! ectepicondyle of humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Gray1232.png
xref: AAO:0010714 ! m. anconeus
synonym: "m. anconeus" EXACT [AAO:0010714]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003222
name: flexor digitorum superficialis
def: "an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints. The muscle has two classically described heads - the humeroulnar and radial - and it is between these heads that the median nerve and ulnar artery pass. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint gives its origin to part of this muscle. The primary function of flexor digitorum superficialis is flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints, however under continued action it also flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joint[WP]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle]
synonym: "flexor digitorum superficialis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0004254 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
xref: FMA:38469 ! flexor digitorum superficialis
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001148 {source="dbpedia"} ! median nerve
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0007612 {source="dbpedia"} ! extensor digitorum communis
synonym: "musculus flexor digitorum superficialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004301 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior margins on the bases of the middle phalanges of the four fingers"} ! middle phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006806 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial epicondyle of the humerus as well as parts of the radius and ulna."} ! medial epicondyle of humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray421.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003228
name: supinator muscle
def: "a muscle which originates on the distal humerus, inserts on the radius and accomplishes supination (rotation of the wrist)." [Wikipedia:Supinator_muscle]
comment: TODO: The term "supinator" can also refer more generally to a muscle that causes supination of a part of the body. In older texts, the term "supinator longus" was used to refer to the brachioradialis, and "supinator brevis" was used to the muscle now known as the supinator.
is_a: UBERON:0004254 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
synonym: "supinator" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus supinator" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Supinator_muscle]
synonym: "supinator brevus" RELATED DEPRECATED [Wikipedia:Supinator_muscle]
xref: FMA:38512 ! supinator
xref: FMA:75002 ! supinator muscle
xref: SCTID:181634007 ! Entire supinator muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001520 {source="dbpedia"} ! pronator teres
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001492 {source="dbpedia", notes="deep branch of radial nerve"} ! radial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 {source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral epicondyle of humerus supinator crest of ulna radial collateral ligament annular ligament"} ! ectepicondyle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001424 {source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral epicondyle of humerus supinator crest of ulna radial collateral ligament annular ligament"} ! ulna
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001423 {source="palaeos"} ! radius bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Gray420.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003234
name: extensor pollicis longus muscle
def: "The Extensor pollicis longus is much larger than the Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, the origin of which it partly covers." [Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "extensor pollicis longis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "extensor pollicis longus" EXACT [FMA:38521]
xref: FMA:38521 ! extensor pollicis longus
xref: SCTID:361820003 ! Entire extensor pollicis longus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011024 {source="Wikipedia"} ! extrinsic extensor muscle of manus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001463 {source="dbpedia"} ! manual digit 1
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004300 {source="dbpedia"} ! distal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001424 {source="dbpedia"} ! ulna
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0011012 {source="dbpedia"} ! flexor pollicis brevis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008446 {source="dbpedia"} ! flexor pollicis longus muscle
synonym: "musculus extensor pollicis longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003250
name: rectus capitis lateralis
def: "The Rectus capitis lateralis, a short, flat muscle, arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas, and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone." [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus lateralis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
synonym: "lateral rectus capitis" EXACT [FMA:46316]
xref: FMA:46316 ! rectus capitis lateralis
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001603 ! lateral rectus
xref: SCTID:244841001 ! Entire rectus capitis lateralis
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "musculus rectus capitis lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001092 {source="dbpedia", notes="upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas"} ! cervical vertebra 1
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008453
name: rectus capitis anterior
def: "The rectus capitis anterior (rectus capitis anticus minor) is a short, flat muscle, situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis. It arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process, and passing obliquely upward and medialward, is inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum." [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "anterior rectus capitis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "anterior vertebral muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "recti capitis anteriores" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis anterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus anterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus anterior muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis anterior muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "anterior rectus capitis" EXACT  [FMA:46312]
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
xref: FMA:46312 ! rectus capitis anterior
xref: SCTID:244838005 ! Entire anterior rectus capitis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 {source="dbpedia"} ! occipital bone
synonym: "musculus rectus capitis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008454
name: rectus capitis posterior major
def: "The Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major) arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. As the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a triangular space, in which the Recti capitis posteriores minores are seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint." [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "recti capitis posteriores major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis posterior major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus posterior major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus posterior major muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis posterior major muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus posterior major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "greater posterior rectus capitis" EXACT  [FMA:32525]
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
xref: FMA:32525 ! rectus capitis posterior major
xref: SCTID:245994002 ! Entire rectus capitis posterior major
synonym: "musculus rectus capitis posterior major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 {source="dbpedia", notes="Inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone"} ! occipital bone
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0006839 {source="dbpedia", notes="Dorsal ramus of C1"} ! posterior ramus of spinal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001093 {source="dbpedia", notes="Spinous process of the axis"} ! cervical vertebra 2
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008455
name: rectus capitis posterior minor
def: "The Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor) arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura. The synergists are the rectus capitus posterior major and Obliquus capitis. Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital junction between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. The perpendicular arrangement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. The ligamentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spinal dura and the lateral portion of the occipital bone. Anatomic structures innervated by cervical nerves C1-C3 have the potential to cause headache pain. Included are the joint complexes of the upper 3 cervical segments, the dura mater, and spinal cord. The dura-muscular, dura-ligamentous connections in the upper cervical spine and occipital areas may provide anatomic and physiologic answers to the cause of the cervicogenic headache. This proposal would further explain manipulation's efficacy in the treatment of cervicogenic headache ." [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "recti capitis posteriores minores" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis posterior minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus posterior minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus posterior minor muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis posterior minor muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus posterior minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "lesser posterior rectus capitis" EXACT  [FMA:32526]
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
xref: FMA:32526 ! rectus capitis posterior minor
xref: SCTID:245995001 ! Entire rectus capitis posterior minor
synonym: "musculus rectus capitis posterior minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 {source="dbpedia", notes="the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum"} ! occipital bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0008437 {source="dbpedia", notes="the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas"} ! posterior arch of atlas
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003251
name: temporal part of head
comment: Editor notes: see UBERONREF:0000007 'temporal region'
is_a: UBERON:0001444 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of head
synonym: "temporal region" RELATED [FMA:63867]
synonym: "temporal region of head" RELATED [FMA:63867]
xref: FMA:63867 ! temporal part of head
xref: SCTID:362620003 ! Entire temporal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003252
name: rib cage
def: "Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs in an organism connected via the sternum." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Rib_cage]
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000915 {source="FMA", notes="check other species"} ! thorax
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 {source="TAO"} ! postcranial axial skeleton
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7778 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Elasmobranchii
synonym: "thoracic cage" EXACT [FMA:7480]
synonym: "cavea thoracis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:7480]
synonym: "rib series" EXACT [TAO:0002100]
xref: FMA:7480 ! rib cage
xref: galen:RibCage
xref: SCTID:361741004 ! Entire thoracic cage
xref: TAO:0002100 ! rib series
synonym: "cavea thoracis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Human_rib_cage]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Gray112.png
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cluster that consists of more than one rib in an individual.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002100", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003369
name: fossa ovalis of heart
def: "Found in the right atrium of the heart, the fossa ovalis is an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, which normally closes shortly after birth. In a heart specimen of a neonate, the fossa ovalis is translucent, but later in life the membrane thickens." [Wikipedia:Fossa_ovalis_(heart)]
is_a: UBERON:0006984 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical surface
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004754 {source="Wikipedia"} ! foramen ovale of heart
synonym: "oval fossa" EXACT [FMA:9246]
synonym: "fossa ovalis" EXACT [FMA:9246]
xref: FMA:9246 ! fossa ovalis
xref: SCTID:277719009 ! Entire fossa ovalis of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008446
name: flexor pollicis longus muscle
def: "A muscle in the forearm and hand that flexes the thumb. It lies in the same plane as the flexor digitorum profundus. This muscle is unique to humans, being 'either rudimentary or absent' in other primates." [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: Modern humans are unique among hominids in having a flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle belly that is separate from that of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). While the FPL is not a separate muscle belly in extant great apes, a distinct tendon from the FDP belly might be present. In some individuals this tendon tend to act more like a ligament which restricts extension of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. In orangutans there is a tendon similar in insertion and function to the FPL in humans, but which has an intrinsic origin on the oblique head of the adductor pollicis[WP]
synonym: "musculus flexor pollicis longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "flexor pollicis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "flexor pollicis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "flexor pollicis longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0004254 {source="Wikipedia"} ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Homo sapiens
xref: SCTID:361818001 ! Entire flexor pollicis longus muscle
xref: FMA:38481 ! Flexor pollicis longus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0003234 {source="dbpedia"} ! extensor pollicis longus
synonym: "musculus flexor pollicis longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004444 {source="dbpedia", notes="The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb"} ! proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001423 {source="dbpedia", notes="The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane."} ! radius bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/FPL.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011012
name: flexor pollicis brevis muscle
def: "The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles. It has both a superficial part and a deep part." [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
xref: FMA:37378 ! flexor pollicis brevis
synonym: "flexor pollicis brevis" EXACT [FMA:37378]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: SCTID:181646006 ! Entire flexor pollicis brevis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001463 {source="dbpedia"} ! manual digit 1
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx
synonym: "musculus flexor pollicis brevis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0003234 {source="dbpedia", notes="Extensor pollicis longus and brevis"} ! extensor pollicis longus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Musculusflexorpollicisbrevis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001488 ! ankle joint
name: ankle joint
def: "A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons." [MESH:A02.835.583.378.062, Wikipedia:Ankle, UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: todo - accurately represent different types of ankle joint
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hock" NARROW [Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy)]
synonym: "hock joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy)]
synonym: "gambrel" NARROW [Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy)]
synonym: "talotibial joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Ankle]
synonym: "talocrural articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ankle]
synonym: "talocrural joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ankle]
xref: FMA:35195 ! Ankle joint
xref: GAID:257 ! ankle joint
xref: galen:AnkleJoint
xref: MA:0000463 ! ankle joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Ankle_Joint ! Ankle Joint
xref: EFO:0001409 ! ankle (also: UBERON:0004454 'tarsal region')
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvwiy35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ! ankle joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/200px-Ankle_en.svg.png
xref: BTO:0004706 ! ankle joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.378.062 ! ankle joint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of pes
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
relationship: connects UBERON:0000979 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! tibia
relationship: connects UBERON:0001446 {gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:9606"} ! fibula
xref: SCTID:182212002 ! Entire ankle joint
xref: UMLS:C0003087

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011969
name: mesotarsal joint
def: "An ankle joint that passes between the proximal and distal tarsals." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryM.html]
comment: Calcaneus and astragalus are interlocked, line of flexion is distal to them[Kardong]
is_a: UBERON:0001488 ! ankle joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0011679 ! proximal tarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012076
name: tibiotalar joint
comment: AO notes - see also FMA:44063 ! tibiotalar part of medial ligament of ankle joint
synonym: "ankle joint" BROAD [Wikipedia:Ankle]
synonym: "talotibial joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Ankle]
synonym: "tibioastragalar joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Ankle]
is_a: UBERON:0001488 ! ankle joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002395 ! talus 
xref: SCTID:361864006 ! Entire talotibial joint
def: "A skeletal joint that connects a tibia and connects a talus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011980
name: intratarsal joint
def: "an ankle joint that passes between the astragalus and calcaneum." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryCr.html#Crurotarsal%20joint]
comment: line of flexion between calcaneus and astragalus
synonym: "crurotarsal joint" EXACT [ISBN10:0073040584]
is_a: UBERON:0001488 ! ankle joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011970
name: talofibular ligament
synonym: "talo-fibular ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "ligamentum talofibulare" EXACT []
xref: FMA:44080 ! talofibular ligament
xref: SCTID:244649001  ! Talofibular ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002395 ! talus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001488 ! ankle joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/500px-Ankle_en.svg.png
def: "A skeletal ligament that connects a fibula and connects a talus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011971
name: calcaneofibular ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001450 ! calcaneus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001488 ! ankle joint
xref: FMA:44089 ! calcaneofibular ligament
xref: SCTID:244650001 ! Entire calcaneofibular ligament
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/500px-Ankle_en.svg.png
def: "A skeletal ligament that connects a fibula and connects a calcaneus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011972
name: medial ligament of ankle joint
synonym: "deltoid collateral ligament of ankle joint" EXACT  [FMA:44055]
synonym: "deltoid ligament of ankle joint" EXACT  [FMA:44055]
synonym: "ligamentum collaterale mediale (articulatio talocruralis)" EXACT  [FMA:44055]
synonym: "ligamentum deltoideum" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ligamentum deltoideum (articulatio talocruralis)" EXACT  [FMA:44055]
synonym: "medial collateral ligament of ankle joint" EXACT  [FMA:44055]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001488 ! ankle joint
xref: FMA:44055 ! medial ligament of ankle joint
xref: SCTID:41159004 ! Entire medial ligament of ankle joint
def: "A skeletal ligament that connects a tibia and connects a tarsal skeleton." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003698
name: subtalar joint
def: "A joint of the pes that connects the talus and the calcaneus." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Subtalar_joint]
synonym: "subtalar joint" EXACT [FMA:35198]
synonym: "talocalcaneal joint" RELATED [GAID:260]
synonym: "talocalcaneal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subtalar_joint]
xref: FMA:35198 ! Talocalcaneal joint
xref: GAID:260 ! subtalar joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Subtalar_Joint ! Subtalar Joint
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.378.831.780 ! subtalar joint
is_a: UBERON:0008447 {source="MESH"} ! intertarsal articulation
intersection_of: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001450 ! calcaneus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002395 ! talus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
synonym: "articulatio subtalaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:35198]
synonym: "articulatio talocalcanea" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:35198]
xref: SCTID:182213007 ! Entire subtalar joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG
xref: UMLS:C0038593

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008447
name: intertarsal joint
def: "Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. The specific intertarsal articulations are: Talocalcaneal articulation Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Calcaneocuboid articulation Cuneonavicular articulation Cuboideonavicular articulation Intercuneiform articulation Cuneocuboid articulation" [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
synonym: "intertarsal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
synonym: "intertarsal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
synonym: "tarsal joints" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
synonym: "articulationes intertarsale" RELATED  [MESH:A02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "articulationes intertarseae" RELATED  [MESH:A02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "intermetatarsal joint" RELATED  [MESH:A02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "intertarsal joint" RELATED  [MESH:A02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "tarsal joint" RELATED  [MESH:A02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "articulationes intertarsales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
xref: MESH:A02.835.583.378.831
xref: GAID:259 ! tarsal joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Tarsal_Joint ! Tarsal Joint
xref: FMA:44281 ! Intertarsal joint
xref: SCTID:182221001 ! Entire intertarsal joint
xref: SCTID:361283005 ! Entire tarsal joint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001447 {cardinality="2"} ! tarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001447 {notes="two adjacent tarsals"} ! tarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004454 ! tarsal region
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray360.png
xref: UMLS:C1527245

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011133
name: intermetatarsal joint
def: "A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals" [Wikipedia:Intermetatarsal_articulations]
comment: In humans: The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb[WP]
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 {cardinality="2"} !  ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 {notes="two adjacent metatarsals"} !  ! metatarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000983 ! metatarsus region
xref: FMA:35219 ! intermetatarsal joint
xref: SCTID:361868009 ! Entire intermetatarsal joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray358.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011131
name: intermetacarpal joint
def: "Synovial joint between the bases of adjacent metacarpals. Examples: intermetacarpal joint of right second and third metacarpal bones, intermetacarpal joint of right fourth and fifth metacarpal bones." [FMA:35288, Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations]
synonym: "intermetacarpal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations]
synonym: "intermetacarpal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations]
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 {cardinality="2"} ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 {notes="two adjacent metacarpals"} ! metacarpal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004453 ! metacarpus region
xref: FMA:35288 ! intermetacarpal joint
xref: SCTID:303065007 ! Intermetacarpal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011132
name: intercarpal joint
def: "The intercarpal articulations (articulations of the carpus) can be subdivided into three sets of articulations: Those of the proximal row of carpal bones, those of the distal row of carpal bones, and those of the two rows with each other." [Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations]
synonym: "intercarpal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations]
synonym: "intercarpal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations]
synonym: "midcarpal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations]
synonym: "carpal joint" EXACT  [FMA:35292]
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001435 {cardinality="2"} ! carpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001435 {notes="two adjacent carpals"} ! carpal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004452 {source="FMA"} ! carpal region
xref: FMA:35292 ! intercarpal joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Carpal_Joint ! carpal joint
xref: SCTID:182176003 ! Entire intercarpal joint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Gray336.png
xref: UMLS:C1262468

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011868
name: midcarpal joint
def: "." [Wikipedia:Midcarpal_joint]
synonym: "transverse carpal joint" EXACT  [FMA:35293]
synonym: "articulatio mediocarpalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Midcarpal_joint]
is_a: UBERON:0011132 ! intercarpal joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0001480 ! proximal carpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001481 ! distal carpal bone
xref: FMA:35293 ! midcarpal joint
xref: SCTID:361841009 ! Entire midcarpal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011869
name: pisiform joint
def: "." [Wikipedia:Pisiform_joint]
comment: Wikipedia says pisiform and triquetral- todo check pisotriquetral
synonym: "articulatio ossis pisiformis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Pisiform_joint]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011132  ! intercarpal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001429 ! pisiform
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002445 ! triquetral
xref: FMA:73126 ! pisiform joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011870
name: pisotriquetral joint
comment: See notes for pisiform
is_a: UBERON:0011132 {source="FMA"} ! intercarpal joint
xref: FMA:42318 ! pisotriquetral joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008449
name: trochlear notch
def: "The semilunar notch of the ulna (trochlear notch of ulna, greater sigmoid cavity) is a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. About the middle of either side of this notch is an indentation, which contracts it somewhat, and indicates the junction of the olecranon and the coronoid process. The notch is concave from above downward, and divided into a medial and a lateral portion by a smooth ridge running from the summit of the olecranon to the tip of the coronoid process. The medial portion is the larger, and is slightly concave transversely; the lateral is convex above, slightly concave below." [Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch]
synonym: "incisura trochlearis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch]
synonym: "semilunar notch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch]
synonym: "semilunar notch of ulna" EXACT  [FMA:23619]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006822 ! proximal epiphysis of ulna
xref: FMA:23619 ! trochlear notch
synonym: "incisura trochlearis ulnae, incisura semilunaris ulnae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gray212.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008464
name: abductor hallucis muscle
def: "The Abductor hallucis lies along the medial border of the pes and covers the origins of the plantar vessels and nerves. It arises from the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, from the laciniate ligament, from the plantar aponeurosis, and from the intermuscular septum between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis. The fibers end in a tendon, which is inserted, together with the medial tendon of the Flexor hallucis brevis, into the tibial side of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe." [Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle]
synonym: "abductor hallucis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008338 ! plantar part of pes
xref: Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle ! abductor hallucis muscle
xref: FMA:37448 ! abductor hallucis
xref: SCTID:181723001 ! Entire abductor hallucis muscle
synonym: "musculus abductor hallucis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001450 {source="dbpedia", notes="tuberosity of the calcaneus"} ! calcaneus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Abductor_hallucis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011533
name: abductor pollicis, radioulna-prepollox
def: "Originates on the distal radioulna and inserts on the palmar prepollex." [AAO:0010805]
synonym: "m. abductor pollicis" RELATED [AAO:0010805]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006715 ! radio-ulna
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0005880 ! prepollex
xref: AAO:0010805 ! m. abductor pollicis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011534 ! abductor pollicis muscle
name: abductor pollicis muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
xref: SCTID:368422008 ! Entire abductor pollicis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002962
name: adductor pollicis muscle
def: "In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the manus that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique. It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles[WP]." [Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0011145 ! adductor muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
synonym: "adductor pollicis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle]
xref: FMA:37380 ! adductor pollicis
xref: SCTID:181649004 ! Entire adductor pollicis
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008465 {source="dbpedia"} ! abductor pollicis brevis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001527 {source="dbpedia"} ! abductor pollicis longus
synonym: "musculus adductor pollicis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004445 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid"} ! proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007993 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid"} ! ulnar sesamoid bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Musculusadductorpollicis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011564
name: adductor pollicis muscle of prepollex
def: "Originates from the distal carpal 5-4-3 and inserts on the palmar prepollex." [AAO:0010811]
synonym: "m. adductor pollicis" RELATED [AAO:0010811]
xref: AAO:0010811 ! m. adductor pollicis
is_a: UBERON:0011145 ! adductor muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0005880 ! prepollex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001527
name: abductor pollicis longus
def: "The Abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the Supinator and is sometimes united with it. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "abductor pollicis longus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
xref: FMA:38515 ! Abductor pollicis longus
xref: MA:0002266 ! abductor pollicis longus
xref: ncithesaurus:Abductor_Pollicis_Longus ! Abductor Pollicis Longus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray1231.png/200px-Gray1231.png
is_a: UBERON:0011534 ! abductor pollicis muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001424 {source="dbpedia"} ! ulna
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002962 {source="dbpedia"} ! adductor pollicis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1
synonym: "musculus abductor pollicis longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray1231.png
xref: SCTID:256671001 ! Entire abductor pollicis longus muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224278

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008465
name: abductor pollicis brevis muscle
def: "The abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the manus that functions as an abductor of the thumb." [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "abductor brevis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "abductor pollicis brevis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0011534 ! abductor pollicis muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002398 ! manus
xref: Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle ! abductor pollicis brevis muscle
xref: FMA:37373 ! abductor pollicis brevis
xref: SCTID:181648007 ! Entire abductor pollicis brevis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002962 {source="dbpedia"} ! adductor pollicis
synonym: "musculus abductor pollicis brevis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004445 {source="dbpedia", notes="Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors"} ! proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001427 {source="dbpedia", notes="Transverse carpal ligament the scaphoid and trapezium"} ! scaphoid
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001430 {source="dbpedia", notes="Transverse carpal ligament the scaphoid and trapezium"} ! distal carpal bone 1
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Musculusabductorpollicisbrevis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008488
name: cremaster muscle
def: "A thin layer of skeletal muscle that envelops the spermatic cord and testis of most male mammals in a series of loops; it is a continuation of the obliquus internus, arising from the inguinal ligament and inserting into the crest of the pubis and into the sheath of the rectus abdominis; it is innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve and functions to draw the testis up toward the superficial inguinal ring in response to cold or to stimulation of the nerve; " [Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle, MGI:anna, MP:0011833]
comment: Usage notes: in females it is represented by only a few muscle loops that envelop the round ligament of the uterus. This class represents the male structure
synonym: "cremaster muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle]
synonym: "cremasteric muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003135 {source="EMAPA"} ! male reproductive organ
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006650 {source="dbpedia"} ! tunica vaginalis testis
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006204 {source="dbpedia"} ! inguinal ligament
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0012326 {source="PMID:11997885", gci_relation="part_of", gci_filler="NCBITaxon:10114"} ! gubernacular bulb
xref: EMAPA:31250 ! cremaster muscle
xref: FMA:21531 ! cremasteric muscle
synonym: "cremaster" EXACT  [FMA:21531]
synonym: "muscle of Riolan (cremaster)" EXACT  [FMA:21531]
synonym: "musculus cremaster" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus cremaster <male>" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
xref: ncithesaurus:Cremaster_Muscle ! Cremaster Muscle
xref: SCTID:244948006 ! Entire cremaster muscle
synonym: "musculus cremaster" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Gray1143.png
xref: UMLS:C0224377

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008522
name: nasal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
synonym: "muscle of nose" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:73758 ! nasal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Muscle ! Nasal Muscle
xref: SCTID:244730009 ! Entire muscle of nose
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a olfactory apparatus." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0224219

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008529
name: piriformis muscle
def: "The piriformis is a muscle in the gluteal region that originates from the anterior (front) part of the sacrum, the part of the spine in the gluteal region, and from the superior margin of the greater sciatic notch (as well as the sacroiliac joint capsule and the sacrotuberous ligament). It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur. Its tendon often joins with the tendons of the superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus muscles prior to insertion[WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
synonym: "m.piriformis" EXACT  [FMA:19082]
synonym: "musculus piriformis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
synonym: "piriform muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
synonym: "piriformis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
synonym: "piriformis" EXACT [FMA:19082]
is_a: UBERON:0002000 {source="FMA"} ! gluteal muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle
xref: FMA:19082 ! piriformis
xref: SCTID:245019009 ! Entire piriformis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002503 {source="dbpedia"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003690 {source="dbpedia"} ! sacrum
synonym: "musculus piriformis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008537
name: quadratus femoris
def: "The quadratus femoris is, as its name implies, a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle. Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong lateral rotator and adductor of the thigh, but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the Acetabulum." [Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle]
synonym: "quadratus femoris muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0002000 {source="FMA"} ! gluteal muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle
xref: FMA:22321 ! quadratus femoris
synonym: "musculus quadratus femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG
xref: SCTID:245020003 ! Entire quadratus femoris muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008538
name: muscle of posterior compartment of thigh
def: "The posterior fascial compartment of the thigh contains the knee flexors and hip extensors. It consists of the following muscles: biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus The muscles here (except for the short head of the biceps femoris) are the hamstrings." [Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh]
synonym: "posterior fascial compartment of thigh" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh]
synonym: "posterior femoral muscle" EXACT  [FMA:22427]
synonym: "posterior femoral muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh]
is_a: UBERON:0004252 {source="FMA"} ! hindlimb stylopod muscle
xref: FMA:22427 ! muscle of posterior compartment of thigh
synonym: "compartimentum femoris posterius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray432_color.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008544
name: splenius cervicis
def: "The splenius cervicis (splenius colli) arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae." [Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle]
synonym: "splenius cervicis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0002252 {source="FMA"} ! splenius
xref: FMA:22681 ! splenius cervicis
synonym: "musculus splenius cervicis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="transverse processes of C1-C3"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000962 {source="dbpedia", notes="Posterior rami of the lower Cervical spinal nerves"} ! cervical nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Musculus_splenius_cervicis.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle
name: hyoid muscle
def: "One of a group of muscles used in mastication and swallowing. These muscles are attached to the hyoid bone, which is suspended in the neck and forms the base of the tongue and larynx. In humans, the muscles are divided into suprahyoid (superior) or infrahyoid (inferior) groups relative to the bone[WP, generalized]." [http://www.answers.com/topic/hyoid-muscles]
comment: Editor notes: PMID:19531159 states that facial muscles are hyoid muscles
subset: vertebrate_core
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "hyoid muscles" EXACT [ZFA:0000521]
xref: ZFA:0000521 ! hyoid muscle
xref: EHDAA2:0000794 ! hyoid muscle
xref: EFO:0003536 ! hyoid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002377 {source="ncit"} ! muscle of neck
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004467 {source="ZFA"} ! musculature of pharynx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010348 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hyoid pre-muscle mass
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0005884 ! hyoid arch skeleton
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyoid_Muscle ! Hyoid Muscle
xref: SCTID:244823009 ! Hyoid muscle
xref: TAO:0000521 ! hyoid muscle
xref: VHOG:0001494 ! hyoid muscle
property_value: homology_notes "Although the zebrafish occupies a rather derived phylogenetic position within actinopterygians and even within teleosts, with respect to the mandibular, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles it seems justified to consider it an appropriate representative of these two groups. Among these muscles, the three with clear homologues in tetrapods and the further three identified in sarcopterygian fish are particularly appropriate for comparisons of results between the actinopterygian zebrafish and the sarcopterygians.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001494", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1186/1471-213X-8-24 Diogo R\, Hinits Y\, Hughes SM\, Development of mandibular\, hyoid and hypobranchial muscles in the zebrafish: homologies and evolution of these muscles within bony fishes and tetrapods. BMC Developmental Biology (2008)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C0448345

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010348
name: hyoid pre-muscle mass
synonym: "hyoid muscle plate" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0005865 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-muscle condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010343 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 2nd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0000795 ! hyoid pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008571
name: suprahyoid muscle
def: "The term suprahyoid refers to the region above (superior to) the hyoid bone in the neck. The suprahyoid muscles include digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid." [Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "suprahyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "suprahyoidala" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles]
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle
xref: FMA:46290 ! suprahyoid muscle
xref: SCTID:244824003 ! Entire suprahyoid muscle
synonym: "musculi suprahyoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Suprahyoid_muscles.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010930
name: interhyoideus
synonym: "interhyoideus muscle" EXACT []
comment: Usage notes: may be obsoleted. Muscle between hyoid arches in fish; Taxon notes: the [mammalian] interhyoideus is homologous with the simple interhyoideus of early stages of amphibia[Edgeworth, 1935].  most extant actinopterygians part of the interhyoideus separates into a distinct muscle during development, the hyohyoideus - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/
xref: AAO:0010649 ! interhyoideus
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle
property_value: external_definition "One of the principal muscles used in swallowing.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010649", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:BMZ"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0010649", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010932 ! crico-arytenoid muscle
name: crico-arytenoid muscle
def: "Cricoarytenoid muscles are muscles that connect the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage. More specifically, it can refer to: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle" [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "crico-arytenoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytenoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytenoideus" EXACT []
synonym: "cricoarytenoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0006328 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 {source="FMA"} ! larynx
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {source="dbpedia"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003716 {source="dbpedia"} ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {source="dbpedia"} ! cricoid cartilage
xref: MA:0002283 ! cricoarytenoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricoarytenoid_Muscle ! cricoarytenoid muscle
xref: SCTID:244811003 ! Cricoarytenoid muscle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray959.png
xref: UMLS:C0448336

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008572
name: posterior crico-arytenoid
def: "The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are extremely small, paired muscles that extend from the posterior cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages laterally, these muscles abduct the vocal cords and thereby open the rima glottidis. Their action opposes the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles may lead to asphyxiation as they are the only laryngeal muscles to open the true vocal folds, allowing inspiration and expiration." [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus posterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytaenoideus posterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "posterior cricoarytenoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "posterior cricoarytenoideus" EXACT  [FMA:46576]
is_a: UBERON:0010932 ! crico-arytenoid muscle
xref: FMA:46576 ! posterior crico-arytenoid
xref: SCTID:244812005 ! Entire posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008573 {source="dbpedia"} ! lateral crico-arytenoid
synonym: "musculus cricoarytenoideus posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {source="dbpedia", notes="muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003716 {source="dbpedia", notes="recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus"} ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior part of the cricoid"} ! cricoid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Musculuscricoarytenoideusposterior.png
synonym: "posterior cricoarytenoid" EXACT [FMA:46576]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008573
name: lateral crico-arytenoid
def: "The lateral cricoarytenoid (also anterior cricoarytenoid) muscles extend from the lateral cricoid cartilage to the ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages medially, these muscles adduct the vocal cords and thereby close the rima glottidis, protecting the airway. (Their action is antagonistic to that of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. ) The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)." [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus lateralis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytaenoideus lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytaenoideus lateralis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral cricoarytenoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral cricoarytenoideus" EXACT  [FMA:46579]
is_a: UBERON:0010932 ! crico-arytenoid muscle
xref: FMA:46579 ! lateral crico-arytenoid
xref: SCTID:244813000 ! Entire lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008572 {source="dbpedia"} ! posterior crico-arytenoid
synonym: "musculus cricoarytenoideus lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {source="dbpedia", notes="muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003716 {source="dbpedia", notes="recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus"} ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral part of the arch of the cricoid"} ! cricoid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Musculuscricoarytenoideuslateralis.png
synonym: "lateral cricoarytenoid" EXACT [FMA:46579]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010958 ! arytenoid muscle
name: arytenoid muscle
def: "A single muscle, filling up the posterior concave surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages. It arises from the posterior surface and lateral border of one arytenoid cartilage, and is inserted into the corresponding parts of the opposite cartilage. It consists of oblique and transverse parts." [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
comment: todo - check child relationships
synonym: "aryepiglotticus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "arytaenoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "arytaenoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0006328 ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Arytenoid_Muscle ! arytenoid muscle
synonym: "Arytænoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {source="dbpedia", notes="Arytenoid cartilage on opposite side"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003716 {source="dbpedia", notes="recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus"} ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001740 {source="dbpedia", notes="Arytenoid cartilage on one side"} ! arytenoid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Musculusarytenoideus.png
xref: UMLS:C1510945

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008574
name: transverse arytenoid
def: "The tranverse arytenoid crosses transversely between the two cartilages. It is an unpaired muscle running from one arytenoid to another to pull the arytenoids together." [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "tranverse arytenoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_arytenoid]
synonym: "arytenoid transversus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010958 ! arytenoid muscle
xref: FMA:46582 ! transverse arytenoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008575
name: oblique arytenoid
def: "The oblique arytenoid, the more superficial Arytenoid muscle, forms two fasciculi, which pass from the base of one cartilage to the apex of the opposite one, and therefore cross each other like the limbs of the letter X; a few fibers are continued around the lateral margin of the cartilage, and are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold; they are sometimes described as a separate muscle, the Aryepiglotticus. The aryepiglottic muscle together with the transverse arytenoid and the thyroarytenoid work as a sphincter and close the larynx as we swallow or cough. Its innervation is by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus) just like all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle." [Wikipedia:Oblique_arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "oblique arytenoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Oblique_arytenoid]
synonym: "arytenoid obliquus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010958 ! arytenoid muscle
xref: FMA:46583 ! oblique arytenoid
xref: SCTID:244817004 ! Entire oblique arytenoid muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008576 ! thyro-arytenoid
name: thyro-arytenoid
def: "The Thyroarytenoid is a broad, thin, muscle which lies parallel with and lateral to the vocal fold, and supports the wall of the ventricle and its appendix. It functions in fine tonal control of the vocal cords." [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoaryt%c3%a6noideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoaryt%c3%a6noideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoarytaenoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoarytaenoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoepiglotticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyro-arytenoid %26 vocalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyro-arytenoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyroaryt%c3%a6noideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyroarytenoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyroarytenoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "ventricularis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "ventricularis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0006328 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 {source="FMA"} ! larynx
xref: FMA:46588 ! thyro-arytenoid
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroarytenoid_Muscle ! Thyroarytenoid Muscle
xref: SCTID:361814004 ! Entire thyroarytenoid muscle
synonym: "musculus thyroarytenoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {source="dbpedia", notes="Anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003716 {source="dbpedia", notes="recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus"} ! recurrent laryngeal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia", notes="Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage"} ! thyroid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Musculusthyreoarytenoideus.png
xref: UMLS:C0224183

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008577
name: vocalis muscle
def: "The vocal muscle is the upper portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle which is primarily involved in producing speech." [Wikipedia:Vocal_muscle]
synonym: "vocal muscle" EXACT  [FMA:46591]
synonym: "vocalis" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0006328 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001737 {source="FMA"} ! larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008576 {source="Wikipedia"} ! thyro-arytenoid
relationship: has_function_in GO:0071625 ! vocalization behavior
xref: SCTID:244820007 ! Entire vocalis muscle
xref: FMA:46591 ! vocalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Vocalis_Muscle ! Vocalis Muscle
synonym: "musculus vocalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vocal_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Musculusthyreoarytenoideus.png
xref: SCTID:244820007 ! Entire vocalis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224181

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008582
name: superior longitudinal muscle of tongue
def: "The Longitudinalis linguC& superior (Superior lingualis) is a thin stratum of oblique and longitudinal fibers immediately underlying the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue." [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "longitudinalis lingu%c3%a6 superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "longitudinalis linguae superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "musculus longitudinalis superior" EXACT  [FMA:46693]
synonym: "superior longitudinal muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
is_a: UBERON:0001576 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic muscle of tongue
is_a: UBERON:0012369 ! longitudinal muscle layer
xref: FMA:46693 ! superior longitudinal muscle of tongue
xref: SCTID:244790006 ! Entire superior longitudinal muscle of tongue
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="dbpedia"} ! hypoglossal nerve
synonym: "musculus longitudinalis superior linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001723 {source="dbpedia", notes="edges of the tongue"} ! tongue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Musculuslongitudinalissuperiorlinguae.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008583
name: transverse muscle of tongue
def: "The Transversus linguC& (tansverse lingualis) is a muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue." [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "transverse lingual muscle" EXACT  [FMA:46695]
synonym: "transverse muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "transversus lingu%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "transversus linguae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "transversus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "intrinsic tongue muscle transverse component" EXACT [MA:0002328]
is_a: UBERON:0001576 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic muscle of tongue
xref: FMA:46695 ! transverse muscle of tongue
xref: MA:0002328 ! intrinsic tongue muscle transverse component
xref: SCTID:244792003 ! Entire transverse muscle of tongue
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="dbpedia"} ! hypoglossal nerve
synonym: "musculus transversus linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001723 {source="dbpedia", notes="sides of the tongue"} ! tongue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Musculustransversuslinguae.png
xref: ncithesaurus:Intrinsic_Tongue_Muscle_Transverse_Component ! intrinsic tongue muscle transverse component
xref: UMLS:C1708561

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008584
name: vertical muscle of tongue
def: "The Verticalis linguC& (Vertical lingualis) is found only at the borders of the forepart of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the organ." [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "vertical lingual muscle" EXACT  [FMA:46696]
synonym: "vertical muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis lingu%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis lingu%c3%a6 muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis linguae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis linguae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
is_a: UBERON:0001576 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic muscle of tongue
xref: FMA:46696 ! vertical muscle of tongue
xref: SCTID:244793008 ! Entire vertical muscle of tongue
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="dbpedia"} ! hypoglossal nerve
synonym: "musculus verticalis linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007373 {source="dbpedia", notes="Inferior surface borders of tongue"} ! inferior surface of tongue
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0009471 {source="dbpedia", notes="Submucosal fibrous layer of dorsum of tongue"} ! dorsum of tongue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Gray1020.png
xref: MA:0002329 ! intrinsic tongue muscle vertical component
synonym: "intrinsic tongue muscle vertical component" EXACT [MA:0002329]
xref: ncithesaurus:Intrinsic_Tongue_Muscle_Vertical_Component ! intrinsic tongue muscle vertical component
xref: UMLS:C1708562

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008585
name: levator veli palatini
def: "The levator veli palatini is the elevator muscle of the velum palatinum in the human body. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx. It is innervated via the pharyngeal plexus, primarily by the vagus nerve (CN X). The levator veli palatini (Levator palati) is a thick, rounded muscle situated lateral to the choanC&. It arises from the under surface of the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and from the medial lamina of the cartilage of the auditory tube. After passing above the upper concave margin of the Constrictor pharyngis superior it spreads out in the palatine velum, its fibers extending obliquely downward and medially to the middle line, where they blend with those of the opposite side." [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "levator palati" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "levator veli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "levator veli palatini muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "levator velum palatini muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
is_a: UBERON:0003682 {source="FMA"} ! palatal muscle
xref: FMA:46727 ! levator veli palatini
xref: SCTID:244795001 ! Entire levator veli palatini muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001678 {source="dbpedia"} ! temporal bone
synonym: "musculus levator veli palatini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000929 {source="dbpedia", notes="Pharyngeal Branch of Vagus"} ! pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Musculuslevatorvelipalatini.png
property_value: external_definition "The levator veli palatini is part of the soft palate that attaches to the cranial base, pharyngotympanic tube and the soft palate and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001733 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008586
name: tensor veli palatini
def: "The tensor veli palatini (tensor palati) is a broad, thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate." [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "tensor palati" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "tensor palati muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "tensor veli palatini" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "tensor veli palatini muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003682 {source="FMA"} ! palatal muscle
xref: FMA:46730 ! tensor veli palatini
xref: SCTID:361815003 ! Entire tensor veli palatini muscle
synonym: "musculus tensor veli palatini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0000375 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve"} ! mandibular nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Musculustensorvelipalatini.png
property_value: external_definition "The tensor veli palatini is a muscle of the soft palate that attaches to the cranial base and pharyngotympanic tube, wraps around the pterygoid hamulus and then attaches to the midline palatal raphe of the soft palate that is innervated by cranial nerve V3.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001733 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008588
name: procerus
def: "The Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle deep to the superior orbital nerve, artery and vein." [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
synonym: "depressor glabellae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
synonym: "procerus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
synonym: "pyramidalis nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0008522 {source="FMA"} ! nasal muscle
xref: FMA:46769 ! procerus
synonym: "musculus procerus, pyramidalis nasi, depressor glabellae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="Temporal Branch of the facial nerve"} ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Procerus.png
xref: SCTID:244731008 ! Entire procerus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008589
name: depressor septi nasi
def: "The depressor septi (Depressor alE nasi) arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip." [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "depressor al%c3%a6 nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "depressor alae nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "depressor septi" EXACT [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "depressor septi nasi muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0008522 {source="FMA"} ! nasal muscle
xref: FMA:46777 ! depressor septi nasi
xref: SCTID:244733006 ! Depressor septi
synonym: "musculus depressor septi nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="Buccal branch of the facial nerve"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia", notes="incisive fossa of the maxilla"} ! maxilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Musculusdepressorseptinasi.PNG

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008591
name: depressor supercilii
def: "The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al. ) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle . On the other hand, many dermatologists, ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons hold that the depressor supercilli is a distinct muscle and has a definite, individual effect on the movement of the eybrow and skin of the glabella." [Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle]
synonym: "depressor supercilii muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
xref: FMA:46798 ! depressor supercilii
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia"} ! facial nerve
synonym: "musculus depressor supercilii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001697 {source="dbpedia", notes="Medial aspect of bony orbit"} ! orbit
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Gray379.png
xref: SCTID:244728007 ! Entire depressor supercilii muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008592
name: levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
def: "The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the \"lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose\". It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal." [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "alaeque" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "elvis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "levator labii superioris alaeque nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "levator labii superioris alaequae nasi muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
xref: FMA:46802 ! levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla
synonym: "musculus levator labii superioris alaequae nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0005928 {source="dbpedia", notes="nostril and upper lip"} ! external naris
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001834 {source="dbpedia", notes="nostril and upper lip"} ! upper lip
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="buccal branch of facial nerve CN VII"} ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Musculuslevatorlabiisuperiorisalaequenasi.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010437 ! zygomaticus muscle
name: zygomaticus muscle
def: "One of: zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: origin: posterior braincase
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0001630 {source="MA"} ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001683 {source="Wikipedia"} ! zygomatic bone
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="Wikipedia"} ! facial nerve
xref: MA:0002404 ! zygomaticus
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus ! zygomaticus
synonym: "zygomaticus" EXACT [MA:0002404]
synonym: "m. zygomaticus" EXACT []
synonym: "m. levator nasii" RELATED []
xref: UMLS:C1710708

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008593
name: zygomaticus major muscle
def: "The Zygomatic major is a muscle of the human body. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly. Like all muscles of facial expression, the zygomatic major is innervated by the facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII). The Zygomaticus extends from each zygomatic arch to the corners of the mouth. It raises the corners of the mouth when a person smiles. Dimples may be caused by variations in the structure of this muscle." [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomatic major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomatic major muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomatic muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomaticcus major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomaticus major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0010437 ! zygomaticus muscle
xref: FMA:46810 ! zygomaticus major
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus_Major ! Zygomaticus Major
xref: SCTID:244739005 ! Zygomatic muscle
synonym: "musculus zygomaticus major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001683 {source="Wikipedia"} ! zygomatic bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011386 ! facial modiolus
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="zygomatic branch of facial nerve"} ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Zygomaticus.png
xref: SCTID:244740007 ! Entire zygomaticus major muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224115

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008594
name: zygomaticus minor muscle
def: "The zygomaticus minor is a muscle of facial expression. It originates from malar bone and continues with orbicularis oculi on the lateral face of the Levator labii superioris and then inserts into the outer part of the upper lip. Do not confuse this with the Zygomaticus major, which insets into the angle of the mouth. It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward (used in making sad facial expressions). &lt;/gallery&gt; Like all muscles of facial expression, it is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)." [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_minor_muscle]
synonym: "zygomaticus minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_minor_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0010437 ! zygomaticus muscle
xref: FMA:46811 ! zygomaticus minor
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus_Minor ! Zygomaticus Minor
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001683 {source="dbpedia"} ! zygomatic bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001458 {source="dbpedia", notes="skin of the upper lip"} ! skin of lip
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001834 {source="dbpedia", notes="skin of the upper lip"} ! upper lip
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Musculuszygomaticusminor.png
xref: SCTID:244741006 ! Entire zygomaticus minor muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224116

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008595
name: levator anguli oris
def: "The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen. Its fibers are inserted into the angle of the mouth, intermingling with those of the Zygomaticus, Triangularis, and Orbicularis oris." [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "caninus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
synonym: "caninus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
synonym: "levator anguli oris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
synonym: "levator anguli oris muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
synonym: "musculus levator anguli oris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
xref: FMA:46822 ! levator anguli oris
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="buccal branches"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011386 ! facial modiolus
xref: SCTID:141501002 ! Entire levator anguli oris muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008596
name: mentalis
def: "The Mentalis is a paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin. It raises and pushes up the lower lip, causing wrinkling of the chin, as in doubt or displeasure. It is ometimes referred to as the \"pouting muscle. \" Its fibers arise from the incisive fossa of the mandible, then course vertically downward to insert in the skin of the chin. A movement disorder of the mentalis muscle is Geniospasm which is a benign but socially excluding genetic disorder." [Wikipedia:Mentalis]
synonym: "musculus mentalis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Mentalis]
synonym: "mentalis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mentalis]
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
xref: FMA:46825 ! mentalis
xref: SCTID:244744003 ! Entire mentalis muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="mandibular branch"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0008199 {source="dbpedia"} ! chin
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 {source="dbpedia"} ! mandible
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Mentalis.png
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0008199 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! chin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008597
name: depressor anguli oris muscle
def: "The Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the mouth." [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "depressor anguli oris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "triangularis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "triangularis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
xref: FMA:46828 ! depressor anguli oris
xref: SCTID:361812000 ! Entire depressor anguli oris muscle
synonym: "musculus depressor anguli oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011386 {source="dbpedia", notes="modiolus of mouth"} ! facial modiolus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 {source="dbpedia", notes="tubercle of mandible"} ! mandible
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="mandibular branch"} ! facial nerve
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray381.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011386 ! facial modiolus
name: facial modiolus
def: "In facial anatomy, the modiolus is a chiasma of facial muscles held together by fibrous tissue, located lateral and slightly superior to each angle of the mouth. It is important in moving the mouth, facial expression and in dentistry. It derives its motor nerve supply from the facial nerve, and its blood supply from labial branches of the facial artery. It is contributed to by the following muscles: orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, risorius quadratus labii superioris, quadratus labii inferioris." [Wikipedia:Modiolus_%28face%29]
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001567 {source="FMA"} ! cheek
xref: FMA:46837 ! facial modiolus
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006723 ! cochlear modiolus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008598
name: risorius muscle
def: "The risorius arises in the fascia over the parotid gland and, passing horizontally forward, superficial to the platysma, inserts onto the skin at the angle of the mouth. It is a narrow bundle of fibers, broadest at its origin, but varies much in its size and form." [Wikipedia:Risorius]
synonym: "risorius" EXACT [Wikipedia:Risorius]
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
xref: FMA:46838 ! risorius
xref: SCTID:244755003 ! Entire risorius muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001831 {source="dbpedia"} ! parotid gland
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0011386 ! facial modiolus
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia", notes="buccal branch"} ! facial nerve
synonym: "musculus risorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Risorius]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Musculusrisorius.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011385
name: parotidoauricular muscle
def: "Is one of the numerus muscles of the external ear and is of importance since it is encountered in the operation for drainage of infections of the external ear of the dog. As its name suggests, it arises from the fascia over the parotid gland and approaches the auricle from the ventrolateral direction. This muscle is supplied by the facial nerve.The muscles of the external ear with their scattered origins and precisely located insertions provide for displacement and rotation of the ear in all directions. These muscles also have a collective function in communication both within and between species." [MURDOCH:1519]
is_a: UBERON:0001583 ! extrinsic auricular muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001831 ! parotid gland
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001757 ! pinna
xref: MA:0002352 ! parotidoauricular
synonym: "parotidoauricular" EXACT [MA:0002352]
synonym: "parotidoauricularis" EXACT []
xref: ncithesaurus:Parotidoauricular ! parotidoauricular
xref: UMLS:C1709470

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008603
name: helicis major
def: "The Helicis major is a narrow vertical band situated upon the anterior margin of the helix. It arises below, from the spina helicis, and is inserted into the anterior border of the helix, just where it is about to curve backward." [Wikipedia:Helicis_major]
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle
xref: FMA:48968 ! helicis major
synonym: "musculus helicis major" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Helicis_major]
synonym: "helicis major muscle" RELATED []
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray906.png
xref: SCTID:244764008 ! Entire helicis major muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008604
name: helicis minor
def: "The Helicis minor is an oblique fasciculus, covering the crus helicis." [Wikipedia:Helicis_minor]
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle
xref: FMA:48971 ! helicis minor
synonym: "musculus helicis minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Helicis_minor]
synonym: "helicis minor muscle" RELATED []
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray906.png
xref: SCTID:244765009 ! Entire helicis minor muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008605
name: tragicus muscle
def: "The Tragicus is a short, flattened vertical band on the lateral surface of the tragus." [Wikipedia:Tragicus]
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle
xref: FMA:48974 ! tragicus
xref: SCTID:244766005 ! Entire tragicus muscle
synonym: "tragicus" EXACT [FMA:48974]
synonym: "musculus tragicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tragicus]
synonym: "tragicus muscle" RELATED []
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray906.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008606
name: antitragicus muscle
def: "The Antitragicus arises from the outer part of the antitragus, and is inserted into the cauda helicis and antihelix." [Wikipedia:Antitragicus]
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle
xref: FMA:48980 ! antitragicus
synonym: "musculus antitragicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Antitragicus]
synonym: "antitragicus muscle" RELATED []
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Musculusantitragicus.png
xref: SCTID:63899000 ! Entire antitragicus muscle
synonym: "antitragicus" EXACT [FMA:48980]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008607
name: transverse muscle of auricle
def: "The transverse muscle of auricle is placed on the cranial surface of the pinna. It consists of scattered fibers, partly tendinous and partly muscular, extending from the eminentia conchae to the prominence corresponding with the scapha." [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "transverse muscle of pinna" EXACT  [FMA:48983]
synonym: "transversus auriculae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "transversus auricularis" EXACT  [FMA:48983]
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle
xref: FMA:48983 ! transverse muscle of auricle
synonym: "musculus transversus auriculae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray906.png
xref: SCTID:244767001 ! Entire transversus auricularis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008608
name: oblique muscle of auricle
def: "The oblique muscle of auricle, on the cranial surface, consists of a few fibers extending from the upper and back part of the concha to the convexity immediately above it." [Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "oblique muscle of pinna" EXACT  [FMA:48986]
synonym: "obliquus auricul%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "obliquus auriculae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "obliquus auricularis muscle" EXACT  [FMA:48986]
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle
xref: FMA:48986 ! oblique muscle of auricle
xref: SCTID:244768006 ! Entire obliquus auricularis muscle
synonym: "musculus obliquus auriculae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray906.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008609
name: transversus menti muscle
def: "The transversus menti, or transverse muscle of the chin, is a facial muscle that is often considered to be the superficial fibers of the depressor anguli oris muscle which cross to the other side of the face." [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin]
synonym: "transverse menti" EXACT  [FMA:49080]
synonym: "transversus menti" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin]
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! facial nerve muscle
xref: FMA:49080 ! transversus menti
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia"} ! facial nerve
synonym: "musculus transversus menti" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray381.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008611
name: scalene muscle
def: "Any of the three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. They are innervated by the spinal nerves C4-C8[WP]." [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "lateral cervical muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "lateral cervical muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "lateral vertebral muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "m scalenus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalene muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalene muscles" EXACT [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalenes" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scaleni" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scaleneus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalenus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalenus muscle" EXACT  [FMA:64829]
is_a: UBERON:0002377 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of neck
xref: FMA:64829 ! scalene muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Scalene_Muscle ! Scalene Muscle
xref: SCTID:244843003 ! Scalene muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia"} ! cervical vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004601 {source="dbpedia", notes="first and second ribs"} ! rib 1
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004602 {source="dbpedia", notes="first and second ribs"} ! rib 2
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Scalenus.png
xref: UMLS:C0448350

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008612
name: muscle of pelvic diaphragm
def: "The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region below. The right and left levator ani lie almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis, separated by a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The levator ani is usually considered in three parts: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus. The pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator, runs backward from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx and may be damaged during parturition. Some fibers are inserted into the prostate, urethra, and vagina. The right and left puborectalis unite behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling . Some regard them as a part of the sphincter ani externus. The iliococcygeus, the most posterior part of the levator ani, is often poorly developed. The coccygeus, situated behind the levator ani and frequently tendinous as much as muscular, extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx. The pelvic cavity of the true pelvis has the pelvic floor as its inferior border (and the pelvic brim as its superior border. ) The perineum has the pelvic floor as its superior border. Some sources do not consider \"pelvic floor\" and \"pelvic diaphragm\" to be identical, with the \"diaphragm\" consisting of only the levator ani and coccygeus, while the \"floor\" also includes the perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch. However, other sources include the fascia as part of the diaphragm. In practice, the two terms are often used interchangeably. Inferiorly, the pelvic floor extends into the anal triangle." [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "diaphragm of the pelvis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "muscle of pelvic floor" EXACT  [FMA:64856]
synonym: "pelvic diaphragm" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "pelvic diaphragm muscle" EXACT  [FMA:64856]
synonym: "pelvic floor muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "pelvic muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
is_a: UBERON:0001325 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of pelvis
xref: FMA:64856 ! muscle of pelvic diaphragm
xref: ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Floor_Muscle ! Pelvic Floor Muscle
synonym: "diaphragma pelvis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Gray404.png
xref: SCTID:367748001 ! Entire pelvic diaphragm
xref: UMLS:C0932441

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008617
name: innermost intercostal muscle
def: "The Innermost intercostal muscle is a layer of intercostal muscle beneath the intercostal nerves and internal intercostal muscles. These are divided into transversus thoracis anteriorly, lateral muscle slips laterally and subcostalis posteriorly." [Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle]
synonym: "musculus intercostalis intimus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0001111 {source="FMA"} ! intercostal muscle
xref: FMA:9758 ! innermost intercostal muscle
xref: SCTID:368054008 ! Entire innermost intercostal muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003727 {source="dbpedia"} ! intercostal nerve
synonym: "musculus intercostalis intimus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="Inferior border of the rib above"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="Upper border of a rib"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008618
name: subcostal muscle
def: "The Subcostales (Infracostales) consist of muscular and aponeurotic fasciculi, which are usually well-developed only in the lower part of the thorax; each originates from the inner surface of one rib, and is inserted into the inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle. Their fibers run in the same direction as those of the Intercostales interni." [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostal muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostales" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostales muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostales muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0002426 {source="FMA"} ! chest muscle
xref: FMA:9759 ! subcostal muscle
xref: SCTID:244914005 ! Entire subcostal muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0003727 {source="dbpedia"} ! intercostal nerve
synonym: "musculus subcostalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="inner surface of the second or third rib below near its angle"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="inner surface of one rib"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008622
name: scalenus anterior
def: "The Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus), also known as anterior scalene muscle, lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus. It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrC&, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of the rib in front of the subclavian groove." [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
synonym: "anterior scalene" EXACT [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
synonym: "scalenus anterior muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
synonym: "scalenus anticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
is_a: UBERON:0008611 {source="FMA"} ! scalene muscle
xref: FMA:13385 ! scalenus anterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004601 {source="dbpedia"} ! rib 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia"} ! cervical vertebra
synonym: "musculus scalenus anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Scalenus_anterior.png
xref: SCTID:181742002 ! Entire scalenus anterior muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008712
name: stylohyoid muscle
def: "The stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying anterior, and superior of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It shares this muscle's innervation by the facial nerve." [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "stylohyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "stylohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "stylohyoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "stylohyoideus muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus stylohyoideus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0008571 {source="FMA"} ! suprahyoid muscle
xref: FMA:9625 ! stylohyoid
xref: SCTID:244826001 ! Entire stylohyoid muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001647 {source="dbpedia"} ! facial nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003960 {source="dbpedia"} ! styloid process of temporal bone
synonym: "musculus stylohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003997 {source="dbpedia", notes="greater cornu of hyoid bone"} ! hyoid bone greater horn
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Musculi_colli_stylohyoideus.svg
property_value: external_definition "The stylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch II muscle that participates in oral/pharygeal behaviors and is innervated by the stylohoid branch of the facial nerve and attaches to the stylohyal.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010945
name: jugulohyoideus muscle
def: "runs from the processus jugularis to the os stylohyoideum; innervated with the ramus jugulohyoideus from the nervus facialis" [PMID:7839797]
comment: See also: stylohyoid muscle
synonym: "musculus jugulohyoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "jugulohyoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "jugulohyoid" RELATED []
synonym: "musculus occipitohyoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "occipitohyoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "occipitohyoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001573
name: styloglossus
def: "The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Styloglossus]
synonym: "syloglossus muscle" EXACT []
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46692 ! Styloglossus
xref: MA:0002387 ! styloglossus
xref: ncithesaurus:Styloglossus ! Styloglossus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Styloglossus.png/200px-Styloglossus.png
xref: EMAPA:18279 ! styloglossus of extrinsic of skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of foregut
xref: EMAPA:18884 ! styloglossus of extrinsic of skeletal muscle of tongue of pharynx of gut
is_a: UBERON:0001575 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic muscle of tongue
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001650 {source="dbpedia"} ! hypoglossal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003960 {source="dbpedia"} ! styloid process of temporal bone
synonym: "musculus styloglossus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Styloglossus]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001723 {source="dbpedia", notes="tip and sides of tongue"} ! tongue
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Styloglossus.png
property_value: external_definition "Styloglossus is a muscle that attaches to the tongue and stylohyal and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
xref: UMLS:C0224195

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008804
name: stylopharyngeus muscle
def: "The stylopharyngeus is a muscle in the head that stretches between the styloid process and the pharynx." [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "M. stylopharyngeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus stylopharyngeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "stylopharyngeus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
is_a: UBERON:0000933 {source="FMA"} ! pharyngeal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003114 {source="Wikipedia"} ! pharyngeal arch 3
xref: FMA:46664 ! stylopharyngeus
xref: ncithesaurus:Stylopharyngeus ! Stylopharyngeus
xref: SCTID:244806000 ! Entire stylopharyngeus muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001649 {source="dbpedia"} ! glossopharyngeal nerve
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003960 {source="dbpedia"} ! styloid process of temporal bone
synonym: "musculus stylopharyngeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia", notes="thyroid cartilage"} ! thyroid cartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Musculusstylopharyngeus.png
property_value: external_definition "The stylopharyngeus is a pharyngeal arch III muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the n. to stylopharyngeus branch of the glossopharyngeal n.  and attaches to the hyoid apparatus and the pharynx.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}
relationship: in_lateral_side_of UBERON:0001042 {source="FMA-abduced-lr"} ! chordate pharynx
xref: UMLS:C1522014

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010954
name: ceratohyoideus muscle
def: "The ceratohyoideus is a muscle of Pharyngeal Arch III that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the glossopharyngeal n. , and attaches to the ceratohyal part of the hyoid apparatus and also to a non-ceratohyal part of the hyoid apparatus.[FEED]" [http://www.feedexp.org]
synonym: "ceratohyoideus" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001649 ! glossopharyngeal nerve
property_value: external_definition "The ceratohyoideus is a muscle of Pharyngeal Arch III that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the glossopharyngeal n. , and attaches to the ceratohyal part of the hyoid apparatus and also to a non-ceratohyal part of the hyoid apparatus.[FEED]" xsd:string {ontology="FEED", date_retrieved="2012-07-02", url="http://www.feedexp.org"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008772
name: proximal epiphysis of tibia
synonym: "head of tibia" EXACT  [FMA:33113]
synonym: "proximal end of tibia" EXACT  [FMA:33113]
synonym: "upper end of tibia" EXACT  [FMA:33113]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
xref: FMA:33113 ! proximal epiphysis of tibia
xref: SCTID:302526005 ! Entire upper end of tibia
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Tibia ! Head of the Tibia
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a tibia." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0932431

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008775
name: proximal epiphysis of fibula
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a fibula." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head of fibula" EXACT  [FMA:33729]
synonym: "proximal end of fibula" EXACT  [FMA:33729]
synonym: "upper end of fibula" EXACT  [FMA:33729]
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
xref: FMA:33729 ! proximal epiphysis of fibula
xref: SCTID:182080006 ! Entire head of fibula
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Fibula ! Head of the Fibula
xref: galen:HeadOfFibula ! head of fibula
property_value: external_definition "The upper extremity or head of the fibula is of an irregular quadrate form, presenting above a flattened articular surface, directed upward, forward, and medialward, for articulation with a corresponding surface on the lateral condyle of the tibia. On the lateral side is a thick and rough prominence continued behind into a pointed eminence, the apex, which projects upward from the posterior part of the head. The prominence, at its upper and lateral part, gives attachment to the tendon of the Biceps femoris and to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint, the ligament dividing the tendon into two parts. The remaining part of the circumference of the head is rough, for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. It presents in front a tubercle for the origin of the upper and anterior fibers of the Peronæus longus, and a surface for the attachment of the anterior ligament of the head; and behind, another tubercle, for the attachment of the posterior ligament of the head and the origin of the upper fibers of the Soleus[Wikipedia:Head_of_fibula]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Head_of_fibula"}
xref: UMLS:C0223908

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008783
name: dorsal venous arch
def: "The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot]
synonym: "arcus venosus dorsalis pedis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot]
synonym: "dorsal venous arch of foot" EXACT [FMA:44356]
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="MA"} ! vein
xref: MA:0002110 ! dorsal venous arch
xref: FMA:44356 ! dorsal venous arch of foot
xref: SCTID:231189006 ! Entire dorsal venous arch of foot
synonym: "arcus venosus dorsalis pedis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_venous_arch_of_the_foot]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Gray581.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008790 ! rugal fold
name: rugal fold
def: "a ridge or fold, such as the rugae of the stomach, which are large folds in the mucous membrane of that organ." [Wikipedia:Rugae, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rugal+folds]
synonym: "ruga" EXACT [Wikipedia:Rugae]
synonym: "rugae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Rugae]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008791
name: rugal fold of stomach
synonym: "gastric ruga" EXACT  [FMA:15106]
synonym: "gastric rugae" EXACT PLURAL  [FMA:15106]
synonym: "ruga of stomach" EXACT  [FMA:15106]
xref: FMA:15106 ! rugal fold of stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Rugae ! gastric rugae
intersection_of: UBERON:0008790 ! rugal fold
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
xref: SCTID:268518001 ! Entire gastric rugae
synonym: "gastric ruga(e)" RELATED [FMA:15106]
def: "A rugal fold that is part of a stomach." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001199 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mucosa of stomach
xref: UMLS:C0227199

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008798
name: rugal fold of vagina
synonym: "vaginal ruga" EXACT  [FMA:19991]
synonym: "ruga of vagina" EXACT [FMA:19991]
xref: FMA:19991 ! ruga of vagina
intersection_of: UBERON:0008790 ! rugal fold
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000996 ! vagina
def: "A rugal fold that is part of a vagina." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004983 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mucosa of vagina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008799
name: transverse palatine fold
def: "a masticatory vestige on the hard palate; one of several irregular, sometimes branching, crests of soft tissue that radiate from the region of the incisive papillae at their most anterior parts and extend a slight distance backward, crossing the hard palate and reaching laterally for variable distances." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html]
comment: note that this class refers to the singular and the FMA class refers to the set. In future this class may be split.
synonym: "palatine fold" EXACT [FMA:75652]
synonym: "plica palatina transversa" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html]
synonym: "ruga palatina" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html]
synonym: "transverse palatine ridge" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html]
synonym: "palatine rugae" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:75652]
synonym: "rugae of palate" EXACT PLURAL [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "ruga of palate" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "plicae palatinae transversae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:75652]
synonym: "rugae palatinae" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:75652]
synonym: "transverse palatine folds" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:75652]
synonym: "transverse palatine folds set" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:75652]
synonym: "palatal rugae" EXACT [MP:0009652]
intersection_of: UBERON:0008790 ! rugal fold
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate
xref: FMA:75652 ! set of transverse palatine folds
synonym: "set of transverse palatine folds" RELATED [FMA:75652]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005046 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! mucosa of hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009207
name: geschmacksstreifen
def: "Area on the rostral portion of the soft palate rich in tastebuds (Miller and Spangler 1982)." [PMID:19295142]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! secondary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008805
name: gingival groove
def: "The gingival sulcus is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium. The depth of the sulcus (Latin for groove) is bounded by two entities: apically by the gingival fibers of the connective tissue attachment and coronally by the free gingival margin." [Wikipedia:Gingival_sulcus]
synonym: "gingival sulcus" EXACT  [FMA:74580]
synonym: "sulcus gingivalis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001828 ! gingiva
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001091 ! tooth
xref: FMA:74580 ! gingival groove
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gingival_sulcus.PNG
xref: SCTID:245753001 ! Entire gingival sulcus
synonym: "sulcus gingivalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gingival_sulcus]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008806
name: buccal funnel
synonym: "suctorial disk" EXACT []
synonym: "suctorial disc" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000166 ! oral opening
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:117569 ! Hyperoartia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008824
name: duct of epididymis
synonym: "epididymis duct" EXACT  [FMA:18297]
is_a: UBERON:0000058 {source="FMA"} ! duct
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001301 {source="FMA"} ! epididymis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000058 ! duct
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
xref: FMA:18297 ! duct of epididymis
xref: MA:0001735 ! epididymal duct
synonym: "epididymal duct" EXACT [MA:0001735]
xref: SCTID:279623004 ! Entire duct of epididymis
xref: ncithesaurus:Duct_of_the_Epididymis ! Duct of the Epididymis
def: "A duct that is part of a epididymis." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0458632

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008826
name: pulmonary surfactant
def: "Secretion produced by Type 2 pulmonary alveolar cell." [FMA:62780]
synonym: "alveolar surfactant" EXACT  [FMA:62780]
synonym: "lung surfactant" EXACT [MA:0002534]
is_a: UBERON:0006538 {source="MA"} ! respiratory system fluid/secretion
xref: FMA:62780 ! pulmonary surfactant
xref: MA:0002534 ! lung surfactant
xref: ncithesaurus:Lung_Surfactant ! Lung Surfactant
xref: UMLS:C0034085

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008994
name: equine glandular stomach
def: "Stomach found in horses; includes cardiac, proper gastric and pyloric glandular zones." [BTO:0003791]
comment: Editor notes: We have a distinct class for 'glandular region of stomach'. We may want to merge into this class, even though this is not considered a distinct stomach.
synonym: "stomachus glandularis" RELATED [BTO:0003791]
is_a: UBERON:0000945 {source="BTO"} ! stomach
xref: BTO:0003791 ! glandular stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008827
name: forestomach
comment: This class is based on the murine structure. Other groups, such as cetaceans, also have a forestomach (which is essentially an enlargement of the esophagus)
synonym: "murine forestomach" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0011954 ! stomach non-glandular region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000945 {source="MA"} ! stomach
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0007650 ! esophagogastric junction
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0011953 ! stomach glandular region
xref: MA:0001606 ! forestomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Forestomach ! Forestomach
xref: UMLS:C0033745
property_value: external_definition "The mouse stomach contains two well-defined areas, a (nonglandular) forestomach and a glandular stomach, which are separated by the limiting ridge (margo plicatus)[http://ctrgenpath.net/static/atlas/mousehistology/Windows/digestive/forestomach.html]." xsd:string {source="http://ctrgenpath.net/static/atlas/mousehistology/Windows/digestive/forestomach.html"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012270 ! forestomach-glandular stomach junction
name: forestomach-glandular stomach junction
synonym: "margo plicatus" RELATED [UBERON:0008827]
synonym: "limiting ridge of stomach" RELATED [UBERON:0008827]
synonym: "squamocolumnar junction with the glandular stomach" RELATED []
synonym: "forestomach - glandular stomach squamocolumnar junction" RELATED []
synonym: "squamo-columnar junction between forestomach and glandular stomach" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0008827 ! forestomach
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0011953 ! stomach glandular region
xref: SCTID:67204008

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008829
name: cerebellum external granule cell layer
def: "transient layer of the cerebellar cortex present during development which is composed of dividing and migrating granule cells[MP]. The granule neurons migrate from the exterior layer to form an inner layer known as the internal granule layer. The external granular layer ceases to exist in the mature cerebellum, leaving only granule cells in the internal granule layer" [MP:0000874, Wikipedia:Anatomy_of_the_cerebellum#Development]
is_a: UBERON:0002956 {source="MA"} ! granular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: MA:0000994 ! cerebellum external granule cell layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_797 ! Outer granular layer of cerebellar cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008830
name: cerebellum internal granule cell layer
is_a: UBERON:0002956 {source="MA"} ! granular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: MA:0000995 ! cerebellum internal granule cell layer
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_790 ! Inner granular layer of cerebellar cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Granular_Layer_of_the_Cerebellum ! Internal Granular Layer of the Cerebellum
xref: UMLS:C1708540

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008833
name: great auricular nerve
def: "The great auricular nerve originates from the cervical plexus, composed of branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3. It provides sensory innervation for the skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of the outer ear." [Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve]
comment: todo - check MA grouping; in MA this is part_of pinna - should this be a different relationship?
synonym: "great auricular" RELATED [Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve]
synonym: "greater auricular nerve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve]
xref: Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve ! great auricular nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 {source="FMA"} ! peripheral nerve
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0003725 {source="FMA"} ! cervical plexus
xref: MA:0001232 ! auricular nerve
synonym: "auricular nerve" EXACT [MA:0001232]
xref: FMA:6872 ! great auricular nerve
xref: SCTID:181110003 ! Entire great auricular nerve
synonym: "nervus auricularis magnus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray805.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011322
name: mylohyoid nerve
def: "A nerve that innervates the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle." [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_nerve]
synonym: "nervus mylohyoideus" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_nerve]
synonym: "nerve to mylohyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_nerve]
synonym: "branch of inferior alveolar nerve to mylohyoid" EXACT  [FMA:53247]
synonym: "mylodigastric nerve" EXACT  [FMA:53247]
synonym: "mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar nerve" EXACT  [FMA:53247]
synonym: "nerve to mylohyoid" EXACT  [FMA:53247]
synonym: "nervus mylohyoideus" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:53247 ! mylohyoid nerve
xref: SCTID:280269007 ! Mylohyoid nerve
is_a: UBERON:0002003 ! peripheral nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011325
name: pharyngeal nerve plexus
def: "The pharyngeal plexus is a network of nerve fibers innervating most of the palate, larynx, and pharynx. It is located on the surface of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle." [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_plexus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "pharyngeal nerve plexus" EXACT [FMA:82453]
synonym: "vagus nerve pharyngeal plexus" EXACT []
synonym: "plexus pharyngeus nervi vagi" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_plexus_of_vagus_nerve]
synonym: "pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_plexus_of_vagus_nerve]
is_a: UBERON:0001816 {source="FMA"} ! autonomic nerve plexus
xref: FMA:82453 ! pharyngeal nerve plexus
xref: SCTID:369429008 ! Entire vagus nerve pharyngeal plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008854
name: root of molar tooth
def: "the part of a molar tooth that is implanted in the gum; mandibular and maxillary molars usually have two and three roots, respectively." [MP:0011165]
synonym: "molar tooth root" EXACT  [FMA:85302]
synonym: "molar root" EXACT  [FMA:85302]
is_a: UBERON:0003677 {source="FMA"} ! tooth root
intersection_of: UBERON:0003677 ! tooth root
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
xref: FMA:85302 ! root of molar tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008855
name: placenta metrial gland
def: "group of granular epithelial cells in the uterine muscle beneath the placenta that develops during pregnancy in rodents and some other species." [MP:0010777]
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002450 {source="MP"} ! decidua
xref: MA:0001723 ! placenta metrial gland
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9443 {source="MP:0010777"} ! Primates
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008856 ! stomach muscularis externa
name: stomach muscularis externa
def: "the smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines" [MP:0010779]
synonym: "muscle layer of stomach" EXACT [FMA:14909]
synonym: "gastric muscularis" EXACT  [FMA:14909]
synonym: "muscularis externa of stomach" EXACT  [FMA:14909]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (gaster)" EXACT  [FMA:14909]
synonym: "tunica muscularis gastris" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="MP"} ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001167 ! wall of stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001167 {source="FMA"} ! wall of stomach
xref: FMA:14909 ! muscle layer of stomach
xref: SCTID:362132003 ! Entire gastric muscularis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004220
name: large intestine smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa
synonym: "involuntary muscle of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001547 ! large intestine smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001169 {source="MA"} ! wall of large intestine
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0011198 {notes="consider merging"} ! muscle layer of large intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004239
name: small intestine smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa
synonym: "involuntary muscle of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001559 ! small intestine smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001168 ! wall of small intestine
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0011201 {notes="consider merging"} ! muscle layer of small intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004221
name: intestine smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: MA class may specifically mean muscle layer, but we treat as the sum of smooth muscle in both muscle layer and muscularis mucosa
synonym: "intestinal smooth muscle" RELATED  [BTO:0000643]
synonym: "bowel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001539 ! intestine smooth muscle
xref: ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue ! Intestinal Smooth Muscle Tissue
xref: BTO:0000643 ! intestinal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001262 ! wall of intestine
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0012367 {notes="consider merging"} ! muscle layer of intestine
xref: UMLS:C1708547

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004222
name: stomach smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric smooth muscle" RELATED [MA:0001627]
synonym: "gastric muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001818]
synonym: "stomach muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001818]
xref: MA:0001627 ! stomach smooth muscle
xref: BTO:0001818 ! stomach smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001167 ! wall of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012367 ! muscle layer of intestine
name: muscle layer of intestine
synonym: "intestinal muscularis propria" EXACT  [FMA:15697]
synonym: "muscularis externa of intestine" EXACT  [FMA:15697]
synonym: "smooth muscle of intestine" RELATED  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000160 ! intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001262 {source="FMA"} ! wall of intestine
xref: FMA:15697 ! muscle layer of intestine
def: "A muscle layer that is part of an intestine." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011198
name: muscle layer of large intestine
synonym: "muscular coat of large intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14971]
synonym: "muscular layer of large intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14971]
synonym: "muscularis externa of large intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14971]
synonym: "tunica muscularis intestini crassi" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001169 {source="FMA"} ! wall of large intestine
xref: FMA:14971 ! muscle layer of large intestine
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Muscular_Coat ! large intestinal muscular coat
def: "A muscle layer that is part of a large intestine." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0734205

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011201
name: muscle layer of small intestine
synonym: "muscular coat of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14932]
synonym: "muscular layer of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14932]
synonym: "muscularis externa of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14932]
synonym: "small intestine muscularis propria" EXACT  [FMA:14932]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (intestinum tenue)" EXACT  [FMA:14932]
synonym: "tunica muscularis intestini tenuis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001168 {source="FMA"} ! wall of small intestine
xref: FMA:14932 ! muscle layer of small intestine
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Muscular_Coat ! small intestinal muscular coat
xref: SCTID:362145004 ! Entire small intestine muscularis propria
def: "A muscle layer that is part of a small intestine." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C0227269

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012377
name: muscle layer of jejunum
synonym: "smooth muscle of jejunum" RELATED  [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscularis externa of jejunum" EXACT  [FMA:14951]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002115 ! jejunum
xref: FMA:14951 ! muscle layer of jejunum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012488
name: muscle layer of duodenum
synonym: "duodenal muscularis propria" EXACT  [FMA:14944]
synonym: "muscularis externa of duodenum" EXACT  [FMA:14944]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002114 ! duodenum
xref: FMA:14944 ! muscle layer of duodenum
xref: SCTID:362147007 ! Entire duodenal muscularis propria

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012489
name: muscle layer of colon
synonym: "colonic muscularis propria" EXACT  [FMA:14986]
synonym: "muscular coat of colon" EXACT  [FMA:14986]
synonym: "muscular layer of colon" EXACT  [FMA:14986]
synonym: "muscularis externa of colon" EXACT  [FMA:14986]
synonym: "tunica muscularis coli" EXACT [FMA:TA]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001155 ! colon
xref: FMA:14986 ! muscle layer of colon
xref: SCTID:362158003 ! Entire colonic muscularis propria

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012490
name: muscle layer of anal canal
synonym: "anal canal muscularis propria" EXACT  []
synonym: "muscular coat of anal canal" EXACT  []
synonym: "muscular layer of anal canal" EXACT  []
synonym: "muscularis externa of anal canal" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000159 ! anal canal
xref: SCTID:362171000 ! Entire muscularis propria of anal canal
xref: FMA:15708 ! Muscle layer of anal canal viewed anatomically

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012419
name: taenia coli
def: "The taeniae coli (also teniae coli) are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. They are visible, and can be seen just below the serosa or fibrosa. They are the Mesocolic, Free and Omental Coli. The teniae coli contracts length wise to produce the haustra, the bulges in the colon. The bands converge at the root of the vermiform appendix and the rectum. These bands correspond to the outer layer of the muscularis externa, in other portions of the digestive tract." [Wikipedia:Taenia_coli]
synonym: "longitudinal bands" RELATED [Wikipedia:Taenia_coli]
synonym: "taeniae coli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Taenia_coli]
synonym: "tenia coli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Taenia_coli]
synonym: "teniae coli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Taenia_coli]
synonym: "longitudinal band of large intestine muscularis" EXACT  [FMA:15041]
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011198 {source="FMA"} ! muscle layer of large intestine
xref: FMA:15041 ! taenia coli
xref: SCTID:362160001 ! Entire taenia coli

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004228
name: urinary bladder smooth muscle
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001697 ! urinary bladder smooth muscle
xref: BTO:0001849 ! urinary bladder smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
synonym: "urinary bladder muscle" EXACT [MA:0001697]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012378
name: muscle layer of urinary bladder
synonym: "bladder muscular coat" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle layer of urinary bladder" EXACT  [FMA:15930]
synonym: "muscular coat of bladder" EXACT  [FMA:15930]
synonym: "muscular coat of urinary bladder" EXACT  [FMA:15930]
synonym: "muscular layer of urinary bladder" EXACT  [FMA:15930]
synonym: "tunica musculari vesicae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (vesica urinaria)" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "muscular layer of bladder" EXACT [FMA:15930]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of  UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001256 {source="FMA"} ! wall of urinary bladder
relationship: has_part UBERON:0004228 ! urinary bladder smooth muscle
xref: FMA:15930 ! muscular layer of bladder
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Muscular_Coat ! bladder muscular coat
xref: UMLS:C1288327

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008857
name: stomach smooth muscle circular layer
def: "the middle layer of the muscularis; it is continuous with the circular layer of the esophagus, but is absent in the fundus and lies concentric to the longitudinal axis of the stomach; the circular layer is normally tonically constricted forming a functional pyloric sphincter, which controls the movement of chyme into the duodenum" [MP:0010780]
comment: todo - check
is_a: UBERON:0012368 ! circular muscle layer
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="MP"} ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008856 ! stomach muscularis externa
synonym: "circular layer of gastric muscularis" EXACT  [FMA:14911]
synonym: "stratum circulare (tunica muscularis)(gaster)" EXACT  [FMA:14911]
synonym: "stratum circulare gastris" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:14911 ! circular muscle layer of stomach
xref: MA:0001628 ! stomach smooth muscle circular layer
xref: SCTID:2746007 ! Circular layer of gastric muscularis
synonym: "circular muscle layer of stomach" EXACT [FMA:14911]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012398
name: large intestine smooth muscle circular layer
synonym: "circular muscle layer of segment of large intestine" RELATED [FMA:81160]
intersection_of: UBERON:0012368 ! circular muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004220 ! large intestine smooth muscle
xref: MA:0001548 ! large intestine smooth muscle circular layer
xref: FMA:81160 ! circular muscle layer of segment of large intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012399
name: large intestine smooth muscle longitudinal layer
synonym: "longitudinal muscle layer of zone of large intestine" RELATED [FMA:63637]
intersection_of: UBERON:0012369 ! longitudinal muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004220 ! large intestine smooth muscle
xref: MA:0001549 ! large intestine smooth muscle longitudinal layer
xref: FMA:63637 ! longitudinal muscle layer of zone of large intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012401
name: small intestine smooth muscle circular layer
synonym: "circular layer of small intestine muscularis propria" EXACT  [FMA:14935]
synonym: "circular muscle coat of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14935]
synonym: "circular muscle of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14935]
synonym: "short pitch helicoidal muscle layer of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14935]
synonym: "stratum circulare (tunica muscularis)(intestinum tenue)" EXACT  [FMA:14935]
synonym: "stratum helicoidale brevis gradus tunicae muscularis intestini tenuis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "circular muscle layer of small intestine" EXACT [FMA:14935]
synonym: "circular layer of small intestine muscularis propria" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012368 ! circular muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004239 ! small intestine smooth muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011201 {source="FMA"} ! muscle layer of small intestine
xref: MA:0001560 ! small intestine smooth muscle circular layer
xref: FMA:14935 ! circular muscle layer of small intestine
xref: SCTID:54658003 ! Circular layer of small intestine muscularis propria

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012402
name: small intestine smooth muscle longitudinal layer
synonym: "long pitch helicoidal muscle layer of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14936]
synonym: "longitudinal layer of small intestine muscularis propria" EXACT  [FMA:14936]
synonym: "longitudinal muscle coat of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14936]
synonym: "longitudinal muscle of small intestine" EXACT  [FMA:14936]
synonym: "stratum helicoidale longi gradus tunicae muscularis intestini tenuis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "stratum longitudinale (tunica muscularis) (intestinum tenue)" EXACT  [FMA:14936]
synonym: "longitudinal muscle layer of small intestine" EXACT [FMA:14936]
synonym: "longitudinal layer of small intestine muscularis propria" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0012369 ! longitudinal muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004239 ! small intestine smooth muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011201 {source="FMA"} ! muscle layer of small intestine
xref: MA:0001561 ! small intestine smooth muscle longitudinal layer
xref: FMA:14936 ! longitudinal muscle layer of small intestine
xref: SCTID:59150006 ! Longitudinal layer of small intestine muscularis propria

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012416
name: respiratory system arterial smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003643 ! respiratory system arterial blood vessel
xref: MA:0001802 ! respiratory system arterial smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012418
name: respiratory system venous smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003476 ! respiratory system venous blood vessel
xref: MA:0001812 ! respiratory system venous smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000424
name: gastric pit
def: "Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits." [Wikipedia:Gastric_pits]
alt_id: UBERON:0000425
synonym: "gastric foveola" EXACT [FMA:62947]
synonym: "foveola gastrica" RELATED [BTO:0002364]
synonym: "foveolae gastricae" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:TA, FMA:76583]
xref: BTO:0002364
xref: FMA:62947 ! Gastric foveola
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastric_Pit ! Gastric Pit
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001199 {source="BTO"} ! mucosa of stomach
xref: SCTID:268426007 ! Entire gastric foveola
synonym: "foveolae gastricae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gastric_pits]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Illu_stomach_layers.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0227203

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000325 ! gastric gland
name: gastric gland
def: "any of the branched tubules in the inner lining of the stomach that secrete gastric juice and protective mucus." []
xref: BTO:0000503
xref: FMA:14919 ! Gastric gland
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="cjm"} ! exocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006924 {source="ISBN10:0073040584"} ! stomach glandular epithelium
subset: organ_slim
subset: grouping_class

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008859
name: cardiac gastric gland
def: "A gastric gland in the cardiac region of the stomach; cardiac glands are fewer in number than in the fundus and body, and secrete mucin which coats the stomach and protects it[MP]" [MP:0010795, Wikipedia:Cardiac_glands]
comment: Consistency note: Kardong places this in the glandular epithelium, FMA more generally in the mucosa
synonym: "gardiac gland" EXACT [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "gastric gland of cardia" EXACT  [FMA:14920]
synonym: "glandula cardiaca (gaster)" EXACT  [FMA:14920]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000325 ! gastric gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001162 ! cardia of stomach
relationship: has_part CL:0000319 {source="Kardong"} ! mucus secreting cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004996 {source="FMA"} ! mucosa of cardia of stomach
xref: SCTID:8894005 ! Gastric cardiac gland
xref: FMA:14920 ! Gastric cardiac gland
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "gastric cardiac gland" EXACT [FMA:14920]
synonym: "cardiac gland" RELATED [FMA:14920]
property_value: external_definition "The cardiac glands of the stomach secrete primarily mucus. They are few in number and occur close to the cardiac orifice where the esophagus joins the stomach. In general, they are more shallow than those in the other parts of the stomach. They are of two kinds: (1) simple tubular glands resembling those of the pyloric end of the stomach, but with short ducts. (2) compound racemose glands resembling the duodenal glands. The cardiac gland is both innervated by the parasympathetic and symapthetic nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system[Wikipedia:Cardiac_glands]." xsd:string {source="Wikipedia:Cardiac_glands"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010038 ! fundic gastric gland
name: fundic gastric gland
def: "The fundus glands (or fundic glands, or gastric glands) are found in the body and fundus of the stomach. They are simple tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct." [Wikipedia:Fundic_glands]
comment: Editor notes: Consider FMA:14923 ! Principal gland of fundus of stomach. Added part_of to mucosa to be consistent with FMA pattern (note that Kardong places this in the glandular epithelium)
synonym: "fundus gland" EXACT []
synonym: "fundal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric fundus gland" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric fundal gland" EXACT []
synonym: "gastric gland of fundus of stomach" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000325 ! gastric gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001160 ! fundus of stomach
relationship: has_part CL:0000319 {source="Kardong"} ! mucus secreting cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000162 {source="Kardong"} ! parietal cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000155 {source="Kardong"} ! peptic cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004994 ! mucosa of fundus of stomach
xref: ncithesaurus:Fundic_Gland ! Fundic Gland
xref: SCTID:268338004 ! Entire gastric fundal gland
synonym: "glandulae gastricae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fundic_glands]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Fundic_gland_polyp_%281%29.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0017130

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009971
name: principal gastric gland
def: "one of the gastric glands that secretes the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice[Stedman's]." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/acid-gland.html, MP:0003892]
comment: AO notes: FMA has this as part of both the fundus and the body, but these are largely spatially disjoint.
synonym: "glandula gastrica propria" EXACT  [FMA:14921]
synonym: "main gastric gland" EXACT  [FMA:14921]
synonym: "oxyntic gland" EXACT  [FMA:14921]
synonym: "gastric gland" BROAD  [MP:0003892]
synonym: "Wassman gland" RELATED  [MP:0003892]
synonym: "gastric follicle" RELATED  [MP:0003892]
synonym: "acid gland" EXACT  [http://www.drugs.com/dict/acid-gland.html]
is_a: UBERON:0000325 {source="FMA"} ! gastric gland
xref: FMA:14921 ! principal gastric gland
xref: FMA:14923 ! Principal gland of fundus of stomach
synonym: "principal gland of fundus of stomach" EXACT [FMA:14923]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008860
name: intermediate gastric gland
def: "any of the branched tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach that secrete most of the digestive substances secreted by the stomach" [MP:0010796]
comment: check me
is_a: UBERON:0000325 {source="Obol"} ! gastric gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001160 {source="MP"} ! fundus of stomach

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008861
name: pyloric gastric gland
def: "the gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]." [MP:0010797, Wikipedia:Pyloric_gland]
comment: Editors note: check relationship to pylorus vs antrum
synonym: "pyloric gland" EXACT [FMA:14922]
synonym: "pyloric antrum gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gray1054.png
intersection_of: UBERON:0000325 ! gastric gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001166 ! pylorus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004998 ! mucosa of pylorus
relationship: has_part CL:0000319 {source="Kardong"} ! mucus secreting cell
relationship: has_quality PATO:0001873 {source="Wikipedia:Tubular_gland"} ! cylindrical
xref: SCTID:70710007 ! Gastric pyloric gland
xref: FMA:14922 ! pyloric gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Gland ! Pyloric Gland
synonym: "glandula pylorica" EXACT [FMA:14922]
xref: UMLS:C0227239

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008862
name: stomach smooth muscle inner oblique layer
def: "the innermost layer of the muscularis; it is not present in all sections of the stomach but is clearly seen in the fundus and near the lesser curvature of the corpus; the oblique fibers disappear distally (towards the pyloric antrum); the oblique layer is responsible for creating the motion that churns and physically breaks down the food" [MP:0010804]
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008856 ! stomach muscularis externa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008863
name: stomach smooth muscle outer longitudinal layer
def: "the most superficial layer of the muscularis; it has two sections, a longitudinal layer that is common with the esophagus and ends in the corpus, and a longitudinal layer that originates in the corpus and spreads into the duodenum" [MP:0010805]
is_a: UBERON:0012369 ! longitudinal muscle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008856 ! stomach muscularis externa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008866
name: enamel knot
def: "a transient cluster of cells in the central part of the dental epithelium facing the dental mesenchyme, which acts as an organizing center, providing positional information for tooth morphogenesis and regulating the growth of tooth cusps" [MP:0010864]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003843 ! dental epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005176 {source="MP"} ! tooth enamel organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002483
name: trabecular bone tissue
def: "Cancellous bone, synonymous with trabecular bone or spongy bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compared to compact bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue, it has a higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff. It typically occupies the interior region of bones. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula. Its Latin name is substantia spongiosa or substantia spongiosa ossium. The words cancellous and trabecular refer to the tiny, lattice-shaped that form the tissue. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone]
comment: one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compared to compact bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue, it has a higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff. It typically occurs at the ends of long bones, proximal to joints and within the interior of vertebrae. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cancellous bone" EXACT [MA:0002782, FMA:24019]
synonym: "cancellous bone tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "spongy bone" EXACT []
synonym: "spongy bone tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "trabecular bone" EXACT []
synonym: "substantia spongiosa" EXACT [Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone]
synonym: "substantia spongiosa ossium" EXACT [Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone]
synonym: "cancellated bone" RELATED [BTO:0001700]
synonym: "substantia trabecularis ossium" RELATED [BTO:0001700]
synonym: "trabecular substance" RELATED [BTO:0001700]
xref: FMA:24019 ! Trabecular bone
xref: MA:0002782 ! trabecular bone
xref: BTO:0001700 ! cancellous bone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Illu_compact_spongy_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_compact_spongy_bone.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002482 ! lamellar bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008867 ! trabecular network of bone
name: trabecular network of bone
def: "the network of intersecting plates and spicules in cancellous bone which form a meshwork of intercommunicating spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow; in mature bone, the trabeculae are aligned in parallel with the lines of major compressive or tensile force" [MP:0010867]
comment: Editor note: consider revision - we have 3 classes, the tissue itself, the network, and the spaces.
synonym: "bone trabecula" RELATED [MP:0010867]
synonym: "bone trabeculae" RELATED [MP:0010867]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002483 {source="MP"} ! trabecular bone tissue
xref: MP:0010867 ! bone trabecula
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_Trabeculae ! Bone Trabeculae
xref: UMLS:C2826619

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010076
name: network of trabecular spaces in bone tissue
def: "Tissue cavity consisting of intercommunicating trabecular spaces in the cancellous bone." [FMA:259332]
synonym: "trabecular network of bone tissue" EXACT  [FMA:259332]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0008867 ! trabecular network of bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008867 ! trabecular network of bone
xref: FMA:259332 ! network of trabecular spaces in bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008875
name: hypodermis fat layer
def: "the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage" [MP:0011156]
is_a: UBERON:0002190 {source="MP"} ! subcutaneous adipose tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002072 ! hypodermis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008876
name: hypodermis muscle layer
def: "the skeletal muscle layer in the superficial fascia" [MP:0011157]
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002190 {source="MP"} ! subcutaneous adipose tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008877
name: epidermal-dermal junction
def: "the multi-layer basement membrane between the dermis and epidermis that serves to adhere the dermis and epidermis, provide mechanical support for the epidermis, and forms a barrier to cells and large molecules across the junction" [MP:0011159]
synonym: "dermal-epidermal junction" EXACT [FMA:70963]
synonym: "dermoepidermal junction" EXACT [FMA:70963]
synonym: "dermo-epidermal junction" EXACT []
synonym: "epidermal dermol junction" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005769 ! basement membrane
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000014 {source="MP"} ! zone of skin
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002067 ! dermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
xref: FMA:70963 ! Dermal-epidermal junction
xref: SCTID:51025007 ! Dermoepidermal junction

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008887
name: rectal venous plexus
def: "The hemorrhoidal plexus (or rectal venous plexus) surrounds the rectum, and communicates in front with the vesical venous plexus in the male, and the uterovaginal plexus in the female. A free communication between the portal and systemic venous systems is established through the hemorrhoidal plexus." [Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus]
synonym: "hemorrhoidal plexus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus]
synonym: "haemorrhoidal plexus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus]
is_a: UBERON:0001593 {source="FMA"} ! venous plexus
intersection_of: UBERON:0001593 ! venous plexus
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
xref: FMA:18933 ! rectal venous plexus
xref: ncithesaurus:Hemorrhoidal_Plexus ! Hemorrhoidal Plexus
synonym: "plexus venosus rectalis, plexus haemorrhoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectal_venous_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray587.png
xref: SCTID:303051005 ! Entire hemorrhoidal plexus
xref: UMLS:C0226766

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008888
name: vesical venous plexus
is_a: UBERON:0001593 {source="FMA"} ! venous plexus
xref: FMA:18934 ! vesical venous plexus
def: "The vesical plexus envelops the lower part of the bladder and the base of the prostate and communicates with the pudendal and prostatic plexuses. It is drained, by means of several vesical veins, into the hypogastric veins." [Wikipedia:Vesical_venous_plexus]
xref: SCTID:31510008 ! Entire vesical venous plexus
synonym: "plexus venosus vesicalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vesical_venous_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008889
name: uterine venous plexus
def: "The uterine plexuses lie along the sides and superior angles of the uterus between the two layers of the broad ligament, and communicate with the ovarian and vaginal plexuses. They are drained by a pair of uterine veins on either side: these arise from the lower part of the plexuses, opposite the external orifice of the uterus, and open into the corresponding hypogastric vein." [Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus]
synonym: "uterine plexus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus]
is_a: UBERON:0001593 {source="FMA"} ! venous plexus
xref: FMA:29712 ! uterine venous plexus
xref: SCTID:294553007 ! Entire uterine venous plexus
synonym: "plexus venosus uterinus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008904
name: neuromast
def: "Volcano-shaped lateral line sensory organ located in characteristic positions within the skin epithelium and containing hair cells and their support elements. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)" [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]
synonym: "lateral line neuromast" EXACT  [ZFA:0000243]
synonym: "lateral line organ" EXACT  [ZFA:0000243]
synonym: "neuromasts" EXACT PLURAL  [ZFA:0000243]
xref: TAO:0000243 ! neuromast
is_a: UBERON:0000477 {source="ZFA"} ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010202 ! lateral line
xref: ZFA:0000243 ! neuromast
xref: AAO:0001004 ! neuromast
property_value: external_definition "Type of mechanoreceptive organ of the lateral line which are arranged in lines on the body surface. These organs are constituted by hair cells and supporting cells and it is located in the epidermis with its hair cells exposed to the surface. Absent in some caecilians. These receptors receive afferent and efferent innervations.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0001004", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="AAO:EJS"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass lateral line receptor (AAO:0010705)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0001004", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of lateral line receptor organ (AAO:0001001)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0001004", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: external_definition "Volcano-shaped lateral line sensory organ located in characteristic positions within the skin epithelium and containing hair cells and their support elements. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for lateral line by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0000243", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
synonym: "cyatocïde@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000243]
synonym: "neuromaste superficiel@fr" RELATED [TAO:0000243]
xref: EFO:0003513 ! neuromast

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008915
name: pore
def: "An anatomical space that is an opening, usually at the end of a canal or duct, on the surface of the integument or the lining of an internal anatomical space." [TAO:curator]
xref: TAO:0001791 ! pore
is_a: UBERON:0000464 {source="ZFA"} ! anatomical space
xref: ZFA:0005449 ! pore
xref: AAO:0010441 ! pore
xref: ncithesaurus:Pore
xref: UMLS:C1325742

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010521
name: electroreceptor organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: capable_of GO:0050964 ! detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Vertebrata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008917
name: ampullary organ
def: "Organ that consists of receptor cells located within an epidermal invagination and functions as an electroreceptor." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "ampullary electroreceptor organ" EXACT  [TAO:0002104]
is_a: UBERON:0003103 {source="TAO"} ! compound organ
relationship: capable_of GO:0050964 ! detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002540 ! lateral line system
xref: TAO:0002104 ! ampullary organ
xref: AAO:0001006 ! ampullary organ
subset: organ_slim
property_value: external_definition "An electroreceptor consisting of receptor cells sunk into the epidermis or located in an epidermal cavity opening to the surface through a duct and pore. It can detect weak electric currents generated by other animals.[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0001006", date_retrieved="2012-06-20", source="ZipcodeZoo:ampullary_organ"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: subclass lateral line receptor organ (AAO:0001001)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0001006", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}
property_value: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology "relationship loss: part_of lateral line receptor organ (AAO:0001001)[AAO]" xsd:string {ontology="AAO", external_class="AAO:0001006", date_retrieved="2012-06-20"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008918
name: ampulla of Lorenzini
def: "The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores... Each ampulla consists of a jelly-filled canal opening to the surface by a pore in the skin and ending blindly in a cluster of small pockets full of special jelly. The ampullae are mostly clustered into groups inside the body, each cluster having ampullae connecting with different parts of the skin, but preserving a left-right symmetry. The canal lengths vary from animal to animal, but the distribution of the pores is generally specific to each species. The ampullae pores are plainly visible as dark spots in the skin. They provide fish with a sixth sense capable of detecting electromagnetic fields as well as temperature gradients[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ampullae_of_Lorenzini]
synonym: "ampullae of Lorenzini" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Ampullae_of_Lorenzini]
is_a: UBERON:0003103 ! compound organ
relationship: capable_of GO:0050964 ! detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002540 ! lateral line system
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32523 ! Tetrapoda
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:32443 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Teleostei
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Electroreceptors_in_a_sharks_head.svg
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008930 ! somatosensory cortex
name: somatosensory cortex
def: "Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving general sensations. It lies posterior to the central sulcus." [MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.670.675]
comment: TODO - add layers
synonym: "somesthetic area" RELATED  [BTO:0004353]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002581 {source="BTO"} ! postcentral gyrus
xref: BTO:0004353 ! somatosensory cortex
xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.670.675
xref: GAID:681 ! somatosensory cortex
xref: SCTID:279252006 ! Somesthetic area
xref: EFO:0001391 ! somatosensory cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008933
name: primary somatosensory cortex
comment: ABA disjointness - Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001870 {source="MA"} ! frontal cortex
is_a: UBERON:0008930 ! somatosensory cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 {source="MA"} ! parietal lobe
xref: MA:0000908 ! primary somatosensory cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008934
name: secondary somatosensory cortex
comment: TODO - check brodmann
is_a: UBERON:0008930 ! somatosensory cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 {source="MA"} ! parietal lobe
xref: MA:0000918 ! secondary somatosensory cortex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008935
name: albumen gland
def: "The posterior oviduct opens into the large white albumen gland which adds a layer of albumen to the zygote before it reaches the egg capsule gland." [BTO:0000054]
is_a: UBERON:0005398 {source="BTO"} ! female reproductive gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6448 ! Gastropoda
xref: BTO:0000054 ! albumen gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008936
name: gastropod genital pore
def: "A small opening on the side of the head in some gastropods through which the penis is protruded." [BTO:0004684]
synonym: "genital orifice" RELATED  [BTO:0004684]
synonym: "genital pore" EXACT [BTO:0004684]
is_a: UBERON:0000161 ! orifice
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000990 {source="BTO"} ! reproductive system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6448 ! Gastropoda
xref: BTO:0004684 ! genital pore

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008937
name: visceral hump
def: "Mollusks have three distinct divisions of their body. The head contains the sensory equipment (eyes, antennae, etc) and the primitive brain. The visceral hump, which is the main body, contains most of the organs, including a complete digestive and excretory tract as well as the reproductive organs. The visceral hump also includes the two external flaps of tissue, which are known as the mantle." [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/630349/visceral-hump, BTO:0001448]
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca
synonym: "visceral sac" RELATED  [BTO:0001448]
xref: BTO:0001448 ! visceral hump

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008939
name: pedal ganglion
def: "The pedal ganglia mainly are necessary for coordination of locomotion of a snail." [BTO:0001012]
is_a: UBERON:0000045 {source="BTO"} ! ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008937 {source="BTO"} ! visceral hump
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca
xref: BTO:0001012 ! pedal ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008940
name: parietal ganglion
def: "The lateral ganglia of a snail nervous system are called parietal ganglia. They innerve pallial cavity, gills and skin." [BTO:0001841]
is_a: UBERON:0000045 {source="BTO"} ! ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008937 {source="BTO"} ! visceral hump
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca
xref: BTO:0001841 ! parietal ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008941
name: pleural ganglion
def: "The pallial cavity's nerve knots are called pleural ganglia. They innerve primarily the mantle or a snail." [BTO:0001842]
is_a: UBERON:0000045 {source="BTO"} ! ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008937 {source="BTO"} ! visceral hump
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca
xref: BTO:0001842 ! pleural ganglion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008942
name: gastropod cerebral ganglion
def: "The cerebral ganglia are primarily sensual centres, that compute information from the eyes as well as from the tactile and position sensors (statocystes). Besides coordination they also serve the locational memory of a snail." [BTO:0001843]
is_a: UBERON:0000045 {source="BTO"} ! ganglion
xref: BTO:0001843 ! cerebral ganglion
synonym: "cerebral ganglion" EXACT [BTO:0001843]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008943
name: headfoot
def: "The head-foot is the part you see most easily in slugs and snails. It is mostly a muscular organ covered in cilia and rich in mucous cells, which the mollusc uses to move around, it normally tapers to a tail at one end and has a head incorporated in the front. The head includes a mouth, eyes and tentacles, the last two may be much reduced or even absent. In those species with shells the head-foot can be drawn into the shell." [BTO:0003509]
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
xref: BTO:0003509 ! headfoot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008944
name: albumen
def: "Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo." [Wikipedia:Albumen, GO:0097099, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3357613&group_id=36855&atid=440764]
synonym: "egg white" EXACT  [GO:0097099]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007379 ! egg
xref: GO:0097099 ! structural constituent of albumen
xref: ncithesaurus:Egg_White ! Egg White

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008964 ! abdominal ganglion of visceral hump
name: abdominal ganglion of visceral hump
def: "The visceral sacs nerve knot is called visceral ganglion. In contrary to the mostly paired other ganglia this nerve knot is unpaired. The visceral ganglion innerves the pallial organs as well as the inner organs." [BTO:0000022]
is_a: UBERON:0000045 {source="BTO"} ! ganglion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008937 {source="BTO"} ! visceral hump
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6447 ! Mollusca
synonym: "visceral ganglion" RELATED [BTO:0000022]
xref: BTO:0000022 ! abdominal ganglion
synonym: "abdominal ganglion" RELATED [BTO:0000022]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009758
name: abdominal ganglion
intersection_of: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002417 ! abdominal segment of trunk
disjoint_from: UBERON:0008964 ! abdominal ganglion of visceral hump
xref: SCTID:280508003 ! Abdominal ganglion
def: "A ganglion that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008967
name: centrum semiovale
def: "The semioval center is the white matter found underneath the grey matter on the surface of the cerebrum. The term is synonymous with cerebral white matter. The white matter, located in each hemisphere between the cerebral cortex and nuclei, as a whole has a semioval shape. It consists of cortical projection fibers, association fibers and cortical fibers." [Wikipedia:Semioval_center]
comment: note that WP suggests a merge with cerebral white matter
is_a: UBERON:0000073 ! regional part of nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002437 {source="BTO"} ! cerebral white matter
synonym: "semioval center" RELATED [BTO:0000229]
synonym: "medullary center" EXACT  [FMA:61939]
synonym: "white matter of cerebrum" EXACT  [FMA:61939]
xref: SCTID:369198002 ! Entire centrum semiovale
xref: BTO:0000229 ! centrum semiovale
xref: FMA:61939 ! semioval center
synonym: "centrum semiovale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semioval_center]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Gray752.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008971
name: left colon
def: "The distal portion of the colon; it develops embryonically from the hindgut and functions in the storage and elimination of waste." [BTO:0000646]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001046 {source="BTO"} ! hindgut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001155 {source="BTO"} ! colon
synonym: "distal colon" RELATED [BTO:0000646]
xref: SCTID:362164005 ! Entire left colon
xref: BTO:0000646 ! left colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Colon ! Left Colon
xref: galen:LeftColon ! left colon
xref: UMLS:C0227388

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008972
name: right colon
def: "The proximal portion of the colon, extending from the ileocecal valve usually to a point proximal to the left colic flexure; it develops embryonically from the terminal portion of the midgut and functions in absorption." [BTO:0000649]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001045 {source="BTO"} ! midgut
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001155 {source="BTO"} ! colon
synonym: "proximal colon" RELATED [BTO:0000649]
xref: SCTID:362161002 ! Entire right colon
xref: BTO:0000649 ! right colon
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Colon ! Right Colon
xref: galen:RightColon ! right colon
xref: UMLS:C1305188

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008975
name: shell gland
def: "Any of various structures that secrete covering material for eggs or egg masses" [http://www.answers.com/topic/nidamental-gland]
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0005398 {source="BTO"} ! female reproductive gland
synonym: "nidamental gland" RELATED []
xref: SCTID:14478002 ! Shell gland
xref: BTO:0001241 ! shell gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008977
name: pes anserinus of tibia
def: "The pes anserinus is the insertion of the conjoined tendons of three muscles onto the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia." [Wikipedia:Pes_anserinus_%28leg%29]
comment: Editors note: Consider adding muscle insertion site class
synonym: "pes anserinus of leg" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pes_anserinus_%28leg%29]
synonym: "pes anserine" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pes_anserinus_%28leg%29]
synonym: "pes anserinus" EXACT [BTO:0001507]
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000043 {source="BTO"} ! tendon
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
xref: SCTID:360767004 ! Pes anserinus
xref: BTO:0001507 ! pes anserinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Pes_anserinus.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008979
name: carcass
def: "A dead body." [BTO:0001965]
is_a: UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
relationship: has_quality PATO:0001422 ! dead
synonym: "cadaver" RELATED [BTO:0001965]
synonym: "dead body" RELATED [BTO:0001965]
xref: SCTID:127853004 ! Carcass
xref: BTO:0001965 ! carcass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008987 ! renal parenchyma
name: renal parenchyma
def: "The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons." [BTO:0003604]
is_a: UBERON:0006554 {source="BTO"} ! urinary system structure
synonym: "kidney parenchyma" RELATED [BTO:0003604]
is_a: UBERON:0000353 {source="FMA"} ! parenchyma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 {source="FMA"} ! kidney
intersection_of: UBERON:0000353 ! parenchyma
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
xref: FMA:15574 ! parenchyma of kidney
xref: SCTID:29704000 ! Structure of parenchyma of kidney
xref: BTO:0003604 ! renal parenchyma
synonym: "parenchyma of kidney" EXACT [FMA:15574]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009883
name: medullary ray
def: "A renal, cortical lobule, consisting of the ascending or descending limbs of the loop of Henle or of the collecting tubules; medullary rays are regions where parallel arrays of straight tubules travel perpendicular to the capsule and extend from the cortex to the medulla." [MP:0011347, Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_ray_(anatomy)]
comment: Termonology notes: Their name is potentially misleading -- the "medullary" refers to their destination, not their location. They are located only in the renal cortex, and not in the renal medulla. AO notes: FMA says parenchyma, MP says cortex
xref: FMA:74299 ! medullary ray
xref: BTO:0001155 ! ray cell
synonym: "Ferrein's pyramid" EXACT  [MP:0011347]
synonym: "kidney medullary ray" EXACT  [MP:0011347]
synonym: "renal medullary ray" EXACT  [MP:0011347]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 {source="FMA"} ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001225 {source="MP"} ! cortex of kidney
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001231 ! nephron tubule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008989
name: esophageal gland
def: "One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed." [BTO:0003634, Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands]
synonym: "glandulae oesophageae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Esophageal_glands]
synonym: "mucous gland of submucosa of esophagus" EXACT  [FMA:9404]
is_a: UBERON:0011148 ! submucosal gland
relationship: secretes UBERON:0000912 ! mucus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001972 ! submucosa of esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002330 ! exocrine system
xref: SCTID:322749003 ! Entire esophageal gland
xref: BTO:0003634 ! esophageal gland
xref: FMA:9404 ! Esophageal gland 
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Gland ! Esophageal Gland
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Illu_esophageal_layers.jpg
xref: UMLS:C0227178

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008992
name: chorion frondosum
def: "The part of the chorion where the villi persist, forming the foetal part of the placenta." [BTO:0003677]
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="BTO"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003124 {source="BTO"} ! chorion
synonym: "shaggy chorion" RELATED [BTO:0003677]
xref: SCTID:37333001 ! Structure of chorion frondosum
xref: BTO:0003677 ! chorion frondosum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008993
name: habenular nucleus
def: "The gray matter of the habenula, composed of a small-celled medial and a larger-celled lateral habenular nucleus; both nuclei receive fibres from basal forebrain regions (septum, basal nucleus, lateral preoptic nucleus); the lateral habenular nucleus receives an additional projection from the medial segment of the globus pallidus. Both nuclei project by way of the retroflex fasciculus to the interpeduncular nucleus and a medial zone of the midbrain tegmentum." [BTO:0003685]
is_a: UBERON:0000445 {source="BTO"} ! habenular trigone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001904 {source="BTO"} ! habenula
synonym: "ganglion habenulae" RELATED [BTO:0003685]
synonym: "nucleus habenulae" RELATED [BTO:0003685]
xref: SCTID:279303009 ! Habenular nucleus
xref: BTO:0003685 ! habenular nucleus
xref: EHDAA2:0004710 ! habenular nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008995
name: nucleus of cerebellar nuclear complex
def: "Four accumulations of gray substance embedded in the white substance of the cerebellum, comprising the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus, and nucleus fastigii." [BTO:0003835]
synonym: "cerebellar nucleus" EXACT [BTO:0003835]
synonym: "deep cerebellar nucleus" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002130 ! cerebellar nuclear complex
xref: SCTID:279220006 ! Cerebellar nucleus
xref: BTO:0003835 ! cerebellar nucleus
xref: MA:0000203 ! deep cerebellar nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002132
alt_id: UBERON:0008996
name: dentate nucleus
def: "The Dentate nucleus is located within the deep white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere. It is the largest of the four deep cerebellar nuclei, the others being the fastigial nucleus and the interposed nucleus (globose and emboliform nuclei combined). It is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of volitional movements. It therefore receives its afferents from the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex. Its efferents project via the superior cerebellar peduncle through the red nucleus to the ventrolateral thalamus (crossing over at the pontomesencephalic junction). It consists of an irregularly folded, of a grayish-yellow color, containing white fibers, and presenting on its antero-medial aspect an opening, the hilus, from which most of the fibers of the superior peduncle emerge. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dentate_nucleus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dentatothalamocortical fibers" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dentate_nucleus]
synonym: "nucleus dentatus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dentate_nucleus]
synonym: "dentate nucleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Dentate_nucleus]
synonym: "lateral cerebellar nucleus" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral nucleus of cerebellum" EXACT []
synonym: "dentate cerebellar nucleus" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1171]
xref: FMA:72260 ! Dentate nucleus
xref: MA:0001008 ! lateral cerebellar nucleus
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1171 ! Dentate nucleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray707.png/200px-Gray707.png
xref: EV:0100300 ! dentate nucleus
xref: ABA:DN ! Dentate nucleus
xref: BM:CB-CBL ! lateral nucleus of cerebellum
xref: SCTID:279221005 ! Nucleus dentatus
xref: BTO:0003836 ! nucleus dentatus
is_a: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002130 ! cerebellar nuclear complex
relationship: spatially_disjoint_from UBERON:0002153 {source="ABA"} ! fastigial nucleus
synonym: "nucleus dentatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dentate_nucleus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gray707.png
xref: VHOG:0001700 ! dentate nucleus
property_value: homology_notes "One or more deep cerebellar nuclei appear in agnathans, sharks, ropefishes, lungfishes, Latimeria, and amphibians. Reptiles have two nuclei (a medial and a lateral), and birds and mammals have three nuclei (a medial, a lateral, and an interposed nucleus). The medial nucleus of mammals is known as the fastigial nucleus, and the lateral nucleus is known as the dentate nucleus.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001700", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB\, Hodos W\, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.260-261", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008998
name: cerebrovascular system
def: "System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain." [BTO:0003840]
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007798 {source="BTO"} ! vascular system
xref: SCTID:362029003 ! Entire cerebrovascular system
xref: BTO:0003840 ! cerebrovascular system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008999
name: hoof lamina
def: "The tissues which attach the third phalanx to the hoof wall." [BTO:0003997]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008963 {source="BTO"} ! hoof
synonym: "hoof laminae" RELATED [BTO:0003997]
xref: SCTID:370743008 ! Laminae of hoof
xref: BTO:0003997 ! hoof lamina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009000
name: ischial spine
def: "A bony process projecting backward and medialward from the posterior border of the ischium." [BTO:0004149]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 {source="BTO"} ! vertebral column
xref: SCTID:18074002 ! Structure of ischial spine
xref: BTO:0004149 ! ischial spine
xref: FMA:17028 ! Ischial spine
synonym: "spina ischialis" EXACT [FMA:17028]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009002
name: placental membrane
def: "The membrane separating the fetal from the maternal blood in the placenta; sometimes inappropriately called the placental barrier." [BTO:0004196]
is_a: UBERON:0000478 {source="BTO"} ! extraembryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001987 {source="BTO"} ! placenta
synonym: "placental barrier" RELATED [BTO:0004196]
xref: SCTID:256591004 ! Entire placental membrane
xref: BTO:0004196 ! placental membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Placental_Membrane ! Placental Membrane
xref: UMLS:C0230984

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009006
name: deep inguinal lymph node
def: "One of several small inconstant lymph nodes, proximal, intermediate and distal deep to the fascia lata and medial to the femoral vein; they receive lymph from the deep structures of the lower limb, from the glans penis and from superficial inguinal nodes; efferents pass to the external iliac nodes." [BTO:0004548]
is_a: UBERON:0000029 {source="BTO"} ! lymph node
synonym: "nodi lymphatici inguinales profundi" RELATED [BTO:0004548]
xref: SCTID:65266007 ! Structure of deep inguinal lymph node
xref: BTO:0004548 ! deep inguinal lymph node
xref: FMA:44225 ! Deep inguinal lymph node
synonym: "deep inguinal node" EXACT [FMA:44225]
synonym: "nodus lymphaticus inguinalis profundus" EXACT [FMA:44225]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009007
name: superficial inguinal lymph node
def: "A group of 12-20 lymph nodes that lie in the subcutaneous tissue below the inguinal ligament and along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein; they drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdominal wall, perineum, buttocks, external genitalia, and lower limbs." [BTO:0004549]
is_a: UBERON:0000029 {source="BTO"} ! lymph node
xref: SCTID:113340006 ! Structure of superficial inguinal lymph node
xref: BTO:0004549 ! superficial inguinal lymph node
xref: FMA:5036 ! Superficial inguinal lymph node
synonym: "lymph node of cloquet" EXACT [FMA:5036]
synonym: "lymph node of rosenmuller" EXACT [FMA:5036]
synonym: "nodus lymphaticus inguinalis superficialis" EXACT [FMA:5036]
synonym: "superficial inguinal node" EXACT [FMA:5036]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009009
name: carotid sinus nerve
def: "Carotid branch of glossopharyngeal nerve." [BTO:0004978]
is_a: UBERON:0001021 {source="FMA"} ! nerve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001649 {source="BTO"} ! glossopharyngeal nerve
xref: SCTID:50624003 ! Carotid sinus nerve
xref: BTO:0004978 ! carotid sinus nerve
xref: FMA:53488 ! Carotid sinus nerve
synonym: "carotid branch of glossopharyngeal nerve" EXACT [FMA:53488]
synonym: "ramus sinus carotici" EXACT [FMA:53488]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009010
name: periurethral tissue
def: "Tissue around the urethra." [BTO:0005081]
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000057 ! urethra
xref: SCTID:256880003 ! Entire periurethral tissue
xref: BTO:0005081 ! periurethral tissue


[Term]
id: UBERON:0009014
name: lower back skin
is_a: UBERON:0003836 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment skin
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005462 ! lower back
xref: SCTID:286601005 ! Entire skin of lower back
xref: MA:0000504 ! lower back skin
subset: organ_slim
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a lower back." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009015
name: upper back skin
is_a: UBERON:0001418 {source="MA"} ! skin of thorax
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008231 ! dorsal thoracic segment of trunk
xref: SCTID:304890003 ! Entire skin of upper back
xref: MA:0000510 ! upper back skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009016
name: ciliary stroma
synonym: "ocular ciliary stroma" EXACT []
synonym: "stroma of ciliary body" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003891 ! stroma
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001775 {source="MA"} ! ciliary body
xref: SCTID:280868008 ! Ciliary stroma
xref: MA:0001239 ! ciliary stroma
xref: SCTID:280868008 ! Ciliary stroma

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009020
name: left uterine horn
intersection_of: UBERON:0002247 ! uterine horn
intersection_of: in_left_side_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
xref: SCTID:245482004 ! Entire left horn of uterus
xref: MA:0001727 ! left uterine horn
def: "An uterine horn that is in the left side of a uterus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009022
name: right uterine horn
intersection_of: UBERON:0002247 ! uterine horn
intersection_of: in_right_side_of UBERON:0000995 ! uterus
xref: SCTID:245481006 ! Entire right horn of uterus
xref: MA:0001728 ! right uterine horn
def: "An uterine horn that is in the right side of a uterus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009024
name: adrenal gland X zone
def: "A wide juxta-medullary layer of cells in the adrenal glands of young mature virgin female mice." [http://www.jstor.org/pss/82802]
is_a: UBERON:0009753 {source="MA"} ! adrenal gland cortex zone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001235 {source="MA"} ! adrenal cortex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003100 ! female organism
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:10088 ! Mus
synonym: "juvenile zone" RELATED [MA:0001888]
xref: SCTID:24306004 ! X-zone of adrenal gland
xref: MA:0001888 ! adrenal gland X zone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009025
name: gastroepiploic artery
def: "Abdominal artery that follows the curvature of the stomach. The right gasteroepiploic artery is frequently used in coronary artery bypass grafting, myocardial revascularization, and other vascular reconstruction." [MESH:A07.231.114.379]
subset: grouping_class
xref: MESH:A07.231.114.379
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
xref: SCTID:261401008 ! Gastroepiploic artery
xref: MA:0001962 ! gastroepiploic artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastroepiploic_Artery ! Gastroepiploic Artery
xref: UMLS:C0447070

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009026 ! iliac circumflex artery
name: iliac circumflex artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
xref: SCTID:244327004 ! Circumflex iliac artery
xref: MA:0001975 ! iliac circumflex artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Circumflex_Iliac_Artery ! Circumflex Iliac Artery
xref: UMLS:C0447101

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009040
name: deep circumflex iliac artery
def: "The deep circumflex iliac artery (or deep iliac circumflex artery) is an artery in the pelvis that travels along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone." [Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery]
synonym: "deep iliac circumflex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery]
synonym: "deep iliac circumflex artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery]
synonym: "arteria circumflexa ilium profunda" EXACT [Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0009026 ! iliac circumflex artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001308 {source="FMA"} ! external iliac artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001308 {source="FMA"} ! external iliac artery
xref: FMA:20687 ! deep circumflex iliac artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gray586.png
xref: ncithesaurus:Deep_Circumflex_Iliac_Artery ! Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery
synonym: "arteria circumflexa ilium profunda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray586.png
xref: SCTID:181353005 ! Entire deep circumflex iliac artery
xref: UMLS:C0226405

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009041
name: superficial circumflex iliac artery
def: "The superficial iliac circumflex artery (or superficial circumflex iliac), the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium. It divides into branches which supply the integument of the groin, the superficial fascia, and the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex, the superior gluteal and lateral femoral circumflex arteries." [Wikipedia:Superficial_circumflex_iliac_artery]
synonym: "iliac circumflex artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery]
synonym: "superficial circumflex iliac artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery]
synonym: "arteria circumflexa ilium superficialis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0009026 ! iliac circumflex artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0002060 {source="FMA"} ! femoral artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001308 {source="FMA"} ! external iliac artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002060 {source="FMA"} ! femoral artery
xref: FMA:20737 ! superficial circumflex iliac artery
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray548.png
xref: ncithesaurus:Superficial_Circumflex_Iliac_Artery ! Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery
xref: UMLS:C0738891

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009042
name: prostatic venous plexus
def: "The prostatic veins form a well-marked prostatic plexus which lies partly in the fascial sheath of the prostate and partly between the sheath and the prostatic capsule. It communicates with the pudendal and vesical plexuses." [Wikipedia:Prostatic_venous_plexus]
synonym: "pudendal venous plexus" RELATED  [FMA:29711]
is_a: UBERON:0001593 {source="FMA"} ! venous plexus
xref: FMA:29711 ! prostatic venous plexus
synonym: "plexus venosus prostaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Prostatic_venous_plexus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png
xref: SCTID:303052003 ! Entire prostatic venous plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009044
name: pudendal venous plexus
def: "The pudendal plexus (vesicoprostatic plexus) lies behind the arcuate pubic ligament and the lower part of the pubic symphysis, and in front of the bladder and prostate. Its chief tributary is the deep dorsal vein of the penis, but it also receives branches from the front of the bladder and prostate. It communicates with the vesical plexus and with the internal pudendal vein and drains into the vesical and hypogastric veins." [Wikipedia:Pudendal_plexus_(veins)]
is_a: UBERON:0001593 ! venous plexus
xref: SCTID:65326006 ! Entire pudendal venous plexus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009029
name: pudendal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="MA"} ! vein
xref: SCTID:395225000 ! Pudendal vein
xref: MA:0002202 ! pudendal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009048
name: deep external pudendal vein
is_a: UBERON:0009029 ! pudendal vein
xref: FMA:44488 ! deep external pudendal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009049
name: superficial external pudendal vein
is_a: UBERON:0009029 ! pudendal vein
xref: FMA:21377 ! superficial external pudendal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009046
name: inferior external pudendal vein
is_a: UBERON:0009029 {source="MA"} ! pudendal vein
xref: MA:0002203 ! inferior external pudendal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009047
name: superior external pudendal vein
is_a: UBERON:0009029 {source="MA"} ! pudendal vein
xref: MA:0002204 ! superior external pudendal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009030
name: left pulmonary vein
is_a: UBERON:0002016 {source="MA"} ! pulmonary vein
xref: SCTID:304057004 ! Entire left pulmonary vein
xref: MA:0002207 ! left pulmonary vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Vein ! Left Pulmonary Vein
xref: UMLS:C0226670

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009032
name: right pulmonary vein
is_a: UBERON:0002016 {source="MA"} ! pulmonary vein
xref: SCTID:304056008 ! Entire right pulmonary vein
xref: MA:0002208 ! right pulmonary vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Vein ! Right Pulmonary Vein
xref: UMLS:C0226669

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009034
name: stomach region
intersection_of: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000945 ! stomach
xref: SCTID:245415005 ! Region of stomach (also: UBERON:0009870 'zone of stomach')
xref: MA:0002561 ! stomach region
def: "An organ part that is part of a stomach." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009035
name: renal straight tubule
comment: todo - add relationships
is_a: UBERON:0001231 {source="MA"} ! nephron tubule
xref: SCTID:245151008 ! Entire straight renal tubule
xref: MA:0002634 ! renal straight tubule
synonym: "kidney straight tubule" EXACT [MA:0002634]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009038
name: sulcus ampullaris
def: "the groove on the external surface of the ampulla of each semicircular duct where the nerve enters the ampullary crest." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=ampullary+groove]
synonym: "ampullary groove" EXACT [FMA:74584]
synonym: "ampullary sulcus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004043 {source="MA"} ! semicircular canal ampulla
xref: SCTID:368954006 ! Entire sulcus ampullaris
xref: MA:0002835 ! sulcus ampullaris
xref: FMA:74584 ! ampullary groove

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009089
name: inner medulla vasa recta descending limb
comment: This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the inner medullar parallel to the descending limb
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004776 {source="KUPO"} ! inner renal medulla vasa recta
xref: KUPO:0001003 ! inner medulla vasa recta descending limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009090
name: outer medulla vasa recta descending limb
comment: This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the outer medullar parallel to the descending limb
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004775 {source="KUPO"} ! outer renal medulla vasa recta
xref: KUPO:0001004 ! outer medulla vasa recta descending limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009202
name: vasa recta descending limb
comment: This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta  parallel to the descending limb
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004726 {source="KUPO"} ! vasa recta
xref: KUPO:0001002 ! vasa recta descending limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009091
name: vasa recta ascending limb
comment: This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta  parallel to the ascending limb
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004726 {source="KUPO"} ! vasa recta
xref: KUPO:0001005 ! vasa recta ascending limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009092
name: inner medulla vasa recta ascending limb
comment: This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the inner medulla parallel to the ascending limb
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004776 {source="KUPO"} ! inner renal medulla vasa recta
xref: KUPO:0001006 ! inner medulla vasa recta ascending limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009093
name: outer medulla vasa recta ascending limb
comment: This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the outer medulla parallel to the ascending limb
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004775 {source="KUPO"} ! outer renal medulla vasa recta
xref: KUPO:0001007 ! outer medulla vasa recta ascending limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009095
name: tip of renal papilla
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001228 {source="KUPO"} ! renal papilla
xref: KUPO:0001009 ! papillary tips
synonym: "papillary tip" EXACT [KUPO:0001009]
synonym: "papillary tips" EXACT PLURAL [KUPO:0001009]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013237
name: genital papilla of vulva
def: "The genital papilla is a part of female external genitalia not present in humans, which appears as a small, fleshy flab of tissue. The papilla covers the opening of the vagina." [Wikipedia:Genital_papilla]
synonym: "genital papillae" RELATED PLURAL  []
synonym: "mammalian genital papilla" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000997 ! mammalian vulva

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009129
name: right atrium endocardium
intersection_of: UBERON:0002165 ! endocardium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002078 ! right atrium
is_a: UBERON:0000490 {source="EHDAA2"} ! unilaminar epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005092 {source="EHDAA2"} ! right horn of sinus venosus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006218 {source="EHDAA2"} ! common atrial chamber
xref: SCTID:3194006 ! Endocardium of right atrium
xref: EHDAA2:0000274 ! right atrium endocardium
xref: FMA:7281 ! Endocardium of right atrium
synonym: "endocardium of right atrium" EXACT [FMA:7281]
xref: VHOG:0001228 ! right atrium endocardium
synonym: "right atrial endocardium" EXACT [FMA:7281]
synonym: "right atrium endocardial tissue" RELATED [VHOG:0001228]
def: "An endocardium that is part of a right atrium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009130
name: dorsal meso-duodenum
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005712 {source="EHDAA2"} ! midgut duodenum mesentery
xref: SCTID:361433003 ! Dorsal mesoduodenum
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000411 ! dorsal meso-duodenum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009133
name: pleuroperitoneal membrane
alt_id: UBERON:0009146
def: "A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pleuroperitoneal+membrane, Wikipedia:Pleuroperitoneal]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 {source="EHDAA2"} ! embryonic structure
is_a: UBERON:0000479 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tissue
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001179 ! peritoneal cavity
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002402 ! pleural cavity
synonym: "pleuroperitoneal membranes" EXACT PLURAL [EHDAA2:0001483]
xref: EMAPA:17709 ! pleuro-peritoneal membrane
xref: SCTID:361429005 ! Pleuroperitoneal membrane
xref: EHDAA2:0001483 ! pleuroperitoneal membranes
xref: ncithesaurus:Pleuroperitoneal_Membrane ! Pleuroperitoneal Membrane
xref: VHOG:0000757 ! pleuroperitoneal fold
synonym: "pleuroperitoneal fold" EXACT [VHOG:0000757]
property_value: homology_notes "In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000757", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M\, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.205-206", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1283968


[Term]
id: UBERON:0009141
name: craniocervical region vein
synonym: "head and neck veins" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004542]
synonym: "vein of head and neck" EXACT []
synonym: "craniocervical vein" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007811 ! craniocervical region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004581 {source="EHDAA2"} ! systemic venous system
xref: SCTID:32945007 ! Vein of head and neck
xref: EHDAA2:0004542 ! head and neck veins
def: "A vein that is part of a craniocervical region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009149
name: foramen primum
def: "opening in the septum primum between the two atria of the embryonic heart[TMD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/foramen+primum, Wikipedia:Primary_interatrial_foramen]
synonym: "ostium primum" EXACT [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/foramen+primum]
synonym: "primary interatrial foramen" EXACT [Wikipedia:Primary_interatrial_foramen]
synonym: "interatrial foramen primum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Primary_interatrial_foramen]
is_a: UBERON:0004111 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004154 {source="EHDAA2"} ! septum primum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002085 {source="EHDAA2"} ! interatrial septum
xref: EMAPA:17012 ! foramen primum
xref: EHDAA2:0001826 ! foramen primum
xref: SCTID:308852002 ! ostium primum
xref: ncithesaurus:Foramen_Primum ! Foramen Primum
xref: VHOG:0001470 ! foramen primum
property_value: external_definition "First of the two openings to perforate the septum primum between the two atria of the embryonic heart. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001470", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/foramen", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether. [ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620]; [about heart development] In the various tetrapod classes ontogenetic events essentially recapitulate the phylogenetic stages.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001470", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676678 p.433", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1517292

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006678
name: foramen secundum
def: "a foramen in the septum primum." [Wikipedia:Foramen_secundum]
xref: FMA:71105 ! Foramen secundum
xref: EMAPA:17863 ! foramen secundum
xref: EHDAA2:0001828 ! septum secundum foramen
xref: VHOG:0001471 ! foramen secundum
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004154 {source="EHDAA2"} ! septum primum
xref: ncithesaurus:Foramen_Secundum ! Foramen Secundum
xref: SCTID:308854001 ! ostium secundum
synonym: "ostium secundum" EXACT [SCTID:308854001]
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004754 ! foramen ovale of heart
synonym: "foramen secundum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foramen_secundum]
property_value: external_definition "Second of the two openings to perforate the septum primum between the two atria of the embryonic heart. [TFD][VHOG]" xsd:string {ontology="VHOG", external_class="VHOG:0001471", date_retrieved="2012-09-17", source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/foramen", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
property_value: homology_notes "The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether. [ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620]; [about heart development] In the various tetrapod classes ontogenetic events essentially recapitulate the phylogenetic stages.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0001471", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0721676678 p.433", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
xref: UMLS:C1517293

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009191 ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation
name: sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="EHDAA2"} ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium
xref: EMAPA:18015 ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0003446 ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009192
name: basisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
synonym: "basi-sphenoid pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003447]
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006904 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium
xref: EMAPA:18013 ! basisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0003447 ! basi-sphenoid pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009193 ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation
name: sphenoid bone cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009191 ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001888 ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009194 ! basisphenoid cartilage condenstion
name: basisphenoid cartilage condenstion
is_a: UBERON:0005863 {source="EHDAA2"} ! cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009192 {source="EHDAA2"} ! basisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009193 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000166 ! basisphenoid cartilage condenstion
xref: VHOG:0001338 ! basisphenoid cartilage condensation
synonym: "basisphenoid cartilage condensation" EXACT [VHOG:0001338]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009197
name: basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0005866 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EMAPA"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001692 {source="EHDAA2"} ! basioccipital bone
xref: EMAPA:18012 ! basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0000165 ! basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation
xref: VHOG:0000959 ! basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA:6033 ! basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009468
name: basiotic bone
def: "a small bone in the fetus between the basilar process and the basisphenoid." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basiotic+bone]
synonym: "basiotic" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:95946002 ! basiotic bone
is_a: UBERON:0011164 ! neurocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009472
name: axilla
def: "The axilla is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder." [Wikipedia:Axilla]
synonym: "axillary region" EXACT  [FMA:24864]
synonym: "regio axillaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "arm pit" EXACT [Wikipedia:Axilla]
synonym: "armpit" EXACT [Wikipedia:Axilla]
synonym: "armpits" RELATED [Wikipedia:Axilla]
synonym: "axillae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Axilla]
synonym: "axillary region" RELATED [Wikipedia:Axilla]
synonym: "oxter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Axilla]
synonym: "underarm" RELATED [Wikipedia:Axilla]
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001421 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral girdle region
xref: FMA:24864 ! axilla
xref: MESH:A01.378.800.090
xref: ncithesaurus:Axilla ! Axilla
synonym: "axilla" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Axilla]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Gray411.png
xref: SCTID:362732006 ! Entire axillary region
xref: galen:Axilla ! axilla
xref: EFO:0001395 ! axilla
property_value: has_relational_adjective "axillary" xsd:string
xref: UMLS:C0004454

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009478
name: associated mesenchyme of midgut
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
comment: Editors note: previously logically defined as mesenchyme of midgut, but this caused disjointness violations between dense and loose mesenchyme
synonym: "early midgut associated mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001186]
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001045 ! midgut
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010378 {source="EHDAA2"} ! mesenchyme from splanchnopleure
xref: EHDAA2:0001186 ! early midgut associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16256 ! associated mesenchyme of midgut
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a midgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010327
name: obsolete early digestive tract associated mesenchyme
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009479
name: ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006211 ! buccopharyngeal membrane
xref: EHDAA2:0000190 ! buccopharyngeal membrane ectoderm
xref: EMAPA:16260 ! ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane
def: "An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009480
name: endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm 
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006211 ! buccopharyngeal membrane
xref: EHDAA2:0000191 ! buccopharyngeal membrane endoderm
xref: EMAPA:16261 ! endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane
def: "An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009481
name: cavity of pericardio-peritoneal canal
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0005082 ! tube lumen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006275 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal
xref: EHDAA2:0001441 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal cavity
xref: EMAPA:16283 ! cavity of pericardio-peritoneal canal
xref: VHOG:0000564 ! cavity of the pericardio-peritoneal canal
synonym: "cavity of the pericardio-peritoneal canal" EXACT [VHOG:0000564]
def: "A tube lumen that is part of a pericardio-peritoneal canal." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009482
name: associated mesenchyme of foregut-midgut junction
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006235 ! foregut-midgut junction
xref: EHDAA2:0000570 ! foregut-midgut junction associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16364 ! associated mesenchyme of foregut-midgut junction
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a foregut-midgut junction." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009483 ! mesentery of foregut-midgut junction
name: mesentery of foregut-midgut junction
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0002095 ! mesentery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006235 ! foregut-midgut junction
xref: EHDAA2:0000575 ! foregut-midgut junction mesentery
xref: EMAPA:16365 ! mesentery of foregut-midgut junction
xref: VHOG:0000430 ! foregut-midgut junction mesentery
synonym: "foregut-midgut junction mesentery" EXACT [VHOG:0000430]
property_value: homology_notes "Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {external_class="VHOG:0000430", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID\, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/", date_retrieved="2012-09-17"}
def: "A mesentery that is part of a foregut-midgut junction." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009484
name: dorsal mesentery of mesentery of foregut-midgut junction
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0009483 ! mesentery of foregut-midgut junction
xref: EHDAA2:0000571 ! foregut-midgut junction dorsal mesentery
xref: EMAPA:16366 ! dorsal mesentery of mesentery of foregut-midgut junction

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010046 ! entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme
name: entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme
def: "The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008814 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pharyngeal system
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003099 {source="cjm"} ! cranial neural crest
synonym: "pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001459]
synonym: "associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region" EXACT [EMAPA:16550]
synonym: "entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EMAPA:16550 ! associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region
xref: EHDAA2:0001459 ! pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009494
name: pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region
def: "A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: this represents a part of the entire arch mesenchyme (UBERON:0010046), and is therefore a superclass of the individual arch mesenchyme classes. Alternate definition: primordial embryonic connective tissue associated with the branchial arches, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to facial and cranial nerve-associated structures. [MP:0011262]
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010046 ! entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003099 {source="cjm"} ! cranial neural crest
synonym: "branchial arch mesenchyme" EXACT [MP:0011262]
synonym: "pharyngeal arch mesenchyme" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009495
name: extrahepatic part of biliary bud
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0007499 ! epithelial sac
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004912 {source="EHDAA2"} ! biliary bud
xref: EHDAA2:0000172 ! biliary bud extrahepatic part
xref: EMAPA:16562 ! extrahepatic part of biliary bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009496
name: intrahepatic part of biliary bud
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0007499 ! epithelial sac
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004912 {source="EHDAA2"} ! biliary bud
xref: EHDAA2:0000173 ! biliary bud intrahepatic part
xref: EMAPA:16563 ! intrahepatic part of biliary bud

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009497
name: epithelium of foregut-midgut junction
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006235 ! foregut-midgut junction
xref: EHDAA2:0000573 ! foregut-midgut junction epithelium
xref: EMAPA:16564 ! epithelium of foregut-midgut junction
def: "An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction." [OBOL:automatic]


[Term]
id: UBERON:0009499
name: parietal of mesothelium of pericardio-peritoneal canal
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0001136 ! mesothelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007185 ! pericardio-peritoneal canal mesothelium
xref: EHDAA2:0001409 ! parietal pericardio-peritoneal canal mesothelium
xref: EMAPA:16590 ! parietal of mesothelium of pericardio-peritoneal canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009477
name: associated mesenchyme of otic placode
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003069 ! otic placode
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
xref: EHDAA2:0001340 ! otic placode associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16196 ! associated mesenchyme of otic placode
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a otic placode." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009500
name: associated mesenchyme of otocyst
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003051 ! ear vesicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009477 {source="EHDAA2"} ! associated mesenchyme of otic placode
xref: EHDAA2:0001343 ! otocyst associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16670 ! associated mesenchyme of otocyst
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a ear vesicle." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009501
name: mesenchyme of fronto-nasal process
def: "the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the frontonasal region of the head" [MP:0011266]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004066 ! frontonasal prominence
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007213 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
synonym: "frontonasal mesenchyme" EXACT [MP:0011266]
synonym: "naso-frontal mesenchyme" EXACT [MP:0011266]
xref: EHDAA2:0004109 ! frontonasal process mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16683 ! mesenchyme of fronto-nasal process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009502
name: ventral mesentery of mesentery of foregut-midgut junction
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0009483 ! mesentery of foregut-midgut junction
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000576 ! foregut-midgut junction ventral mesentery
xref: EMAPA:16714 ! ventral mesentery of mesentery of foregut-midgut junction

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009503
name: associated mesenchyme of hindgut
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001046 ! hindgut
xref: EHDAA2:0000780 ! hindgut associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16716 ! associated mesenchyme of hindgut
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a hindgut." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009504
name: associated mesenchyme of main bronchus
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002182 ! main bronchus
xref: EHDAA2:0001045 ! main bronchus associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16850 ! associated mesenchyme of main bronchus
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a main bronchus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009505
name: associated mesenchyme of trachea
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
xref: EHDAA2:0002067 ! trachea associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:16854 ! associated mesenchyme of trachea
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009506
name: associated mesenchyme of middle ear
comment: Also 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme in EHDAA2
synonym: "middle ear associated mesenchyme" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001182]
synonym: "otic mesenchyme" BROAD []
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0007524 {source="EHDAA2"} ! dense mesenchyme tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001756 ! middle ear
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010045 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0005689 {source="EHDAA2"} ! 2nd arch mesenchyme
xref: EHDAA2:0001182 ! middle ear associated mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17001 ! associated mesenchyme of middle ear
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a middle ear." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009521
name: anal membrane endodermal component
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm 
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001353 ! anal region
xref: EHDAA2:0004020 ! anal membrane endodermal component
xref: EMAPA:17177 ! endoderm component of anal membrane
def: "An endoderm that is part of a anal region." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009522
name: lateral lingual swelling epithelium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006757 ! lateral lingual swelling
xref: EHDAA2:0000913 ! lateral lingual swelling epithelium
xref: EMAPA:17190 ! epithelium of lateral of lingual swelling
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lateral lingual swelling." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009536
name: vascular element of left lung
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0005629 ! vascular plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002168 ! left lung
xref: EHDAA2:0000963 ! left lung vascular element
xref: EMAPA:17660 ! vascular element of left lung
def: "A vascular plexus that is part of a left lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009537
name: vascular element of right lung
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0005629 ! vascular plexus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002167 ! right lung
xref: EHDAA2:0001757 ! right lung vascular element
xref: EMAPA:17668 ! vascular element of right lung
def: "A vascular plexus that is part of a right lung." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009538
name: mesenchyme of sublingual gland primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006297 ! sublingual gland primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003324 ! mesenchyme of lower jaw
xref: EHDAA2:0001937 ! sublingual gland primordium mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17754 ! mesenchyme of sublingual gland primordium
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a sublingual gland primordium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009539
name: mesenchyme of submandibular gland primordium
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006298 ! submandibular gland primordium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003324 ! mesenchyme of lower jaw
xref: EHDAA2:0001941 ! submandibular gland primordium mesenchyme
xref: EMAPA:17757 ! mesenchyme of submandibular gland primordium
def: "Mesenchyme that is part of a submandibular gland primordium." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009548
name: hepatic sinusoid of left of lobe of liver
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0001281 ! hepatic sinusoid
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001115 ! left lobe of liver
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0001115 ! left lobe of liver
xref: EHDAA2:0001001 ! liver left lobe hepatic sinusoids
xref: EMAPA:18309 ! hepatic sinusoid of left of lobe of liver
xref: VHOG:0000709 ! left lobe hepatic sinusoids
synonym: "left lobe hepatic sinusoids" EXACT [VHOG:0000709]
def: "A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a left lobe of liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009549
name: hepatic sinusoid of right of lobe of liver
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0001281 ! hepatic sinusoid
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001114 ! right lobe of liver
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0001114 ! right lobe of liver
xref: EHDAA2:0001009 ! liver right lobe hepatic sinusoids
xref: EMAPA:18316 ! hepatic sinusoid of right of lobe of liver
xref: VHOG:0000710 ! right lobe hepatic sinusoids
synonym: "right lobe hepatic sinusoids" EXACT [VHOG:0000710]
def: "A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a right lobe of liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011737
name: caudate lobe hepatic sinusoids
intersection_of: UBERON:0001281 ! hepatic sinusoid
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001117 ! caudate lobe of liver
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0001117 {source="EHDAA2"} ! caudate lobe of liver
xref: VHOG:0000711 ! caudate lobe hepatic sinusoids
xref: EMAPA:18314 ! hepatic sinusoid of caudate lobe (right)
xref: EHDAA:6992 ! hepatic sinusoids
xref: EHDAA2:0001006 ! liver right caudate lobe hepatic sinusoids
synonym: "liver right caudate lobe hepatic sinusoids" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001006]
def: "A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a caudate lobe of liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011738
name: quadrate lobe hepatic sinusoids
intersection_of: UBERON:0001281 ! hepatic sinusoid
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001116 ! quadrate lobe of liver
relationship: develops_in UBERON:0001116 {source="EHDAA2"} ! quadrate lobe of liver
xref: VHOG:0000712 ! quadrate lobe hepatic sinusoids
xref: EMAPA:18319 ! hepatic sinusoid of quadrate lobe (right)
xref: EHDAA:8084 ! hepatic sinusoids
xref: EHDAA2:0001013 ! liver right quadrate lobe hepatic sinusoids
synonym: "liver right quadrate lobe hepatic sinusoids" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001013]
def: "A hepatic sinusoid that is part of a quadrate lobe of liver." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009550
name: endoderm of foregut-midgut junction
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
intersection_of: UBERON:0000925 ! endoderm 
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006235 ! foregut-midgut junction
xref: EHDAA2:0000572 ! foregut-midgut junction endoderm
xref: EMAPA:18403 ! endoderm of foregut-midgut junction
def: "An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009644
name: trachea non-cartilage connective tissue
is_a: UBERON:0003571 {source="MA"} ! trachea connective tissue
xref: MA:0001859 ! trachea non-cartilage connective tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009645
name: ampullary gland
def: "fusiform enlargement of the deferent duct, as it passes across the bladder wall, due to proliferation of glandular tissue in the regionally folded mucosa." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ampullary+gland]
comment: Ampullary glands are situated in an ampulla-like enlargement of the seminal duct, or embedded in the latter; they are present, eg in the Shrew, Ruminants, and certain Carnivores and Rodents. (Wiedersheim et al., 1907)[MorphoBank]
synonym: "ampullary gland of seminal duct" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005399 {source="MA"} ! male reproductive gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006946 ! efferent duct
xref: MA:0000400 ! ampullary gland
xref: ncithesaurus:Ampullary_Gland ! Ampullary Gland
xref: UMLS:C2698103

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009646
name: lumbar sympathetic nerve trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0004295 ! sympathetic nerve trunk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005462 ! lower back
xref: MA:0001163 ! lumbar sympathetic nerve trunk
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Sympathetic_Nerve_Trunk ! Lumbar Sympathetic Nerve Trunk
def: "A sympathetic nerve trunk that is part of a lower back." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1708762

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009650
name: cortical arch of kidney
def: "The portions of renal substance (cortex) intervening between the bases of the pyramids and the capsule of the kidney." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=5968]
synonym: "cortical arches of kidney" RELATED PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002189 {source="MA"} ! outer cortex of kidney
xref: MA:0001650 ! cortical arch
xref: ncithesaurus:Cortical_Arch ! Cortical Arch
xref: UMLS:C1511525

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009651
name: nephron tubule basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0005769 ! basement membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001231 ! nephron tubule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001231 {source="MA"} ! nephron tubule
synonym: "renal tubule basement membrane" EXACT [MA:0001680]
xref: MA:0001680 ! renal tubule basement membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Renal_Tubule_Basement_Membrane ! Renal Tubule Basement Membrane
synonym: "kidney tubule basement membrane" EXACT [MA:0001680]
def: "A basement membrane that is part of a nephron tubule." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004810 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! nephron tubule epithelium
xref: UMLS:C1709901

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009652
name: bronchus basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0005769 ! basement membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002185 ! bronchus
is_a: UBERON:0003592 {source="MA"} ! bronchus connective tissue
xref: MA:0001832 ! bronchus basement membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Basement_Membrane ! Bronchus Basement Membrane
def: "A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002031 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! epithelium of bronchus
xref: UMLS:C1707051

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009653
name: trachea basement membrane
intersection_of: UBERON:0005769 ! basement membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003126 ! trachea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009644 {source="MA-modified"} ! trachea non-cartilage connective tissue
xref: MA:0001854 ! trachea basement membrane
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea_Basement_Membrane ! Trachea Basement Membrane
def: "A basement membrane that is part of a trachea." [OBOL:automatic]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001901 {is_inferred="true", source="reference_0000032"} ! epithelium of trachea
xref: UMLS:C1710455

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009654
name: alveolar artery
comment: add child terms
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
xref: MA:0001913 ! alveolar artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Artery ! Alveolar Artery
xref: UMLS:C1706783

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009655
name: auricular artery
comment: add child terms
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
xref: MA:0001918 ! auricular artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Auricular_Artery ! Auricular Artery
xref: UMLS:C1706858

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009656
name: obsolete frontal artery
consider: MA:0001960 ! frontal artery
is_obsolete: true
comment: insufficiently defined

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009660
name: adrenal vein
is_a: UBERON:0001638 {source="MA"} ! vein
xref: MA:0002081 ! adrenal vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Adrenal_Vein ! Adrenal Vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009661
name: midbrain nucleus
def: "Nucleus located in the midbrain." [ZFIN:curator]
xref: TAO:0002209 ! midbrain nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001891 ! midbrain
xref: ZFA:0001665 ! midbrain nucleus
xref: SCTID:279285003 ! Midbrain nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009662
name: hindbrain nucleus
def: "Nucleus located within the hindbrain." [ZFIN:curator]
xref: TAO:0002177 ! hindbrain nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002028 ! hindbrain
xref: ZFA:0001658 ! hindbrain nucleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009663
name: telencephalic nucleus
xref: TAO:0002178 ! telencephalic nucleus
intersection_of: UBERON:0002308 ! nucleus of brain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001893 ! telencephalon
xref: ZFA:0001660 ! telencephalic nucleus
def: "A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009671
name: nasal fin
def: "The nasal fin is an epithelial seam that develops by fusion between the epithelial linings of the medial and lateral nasal swellings. Shortly after its formation the nasal fin regresses and is replaced by mesenchyme, with exception of its most posterior portion which remains as the bucconasal membrane." [DOI:10.1002/aja.1001500308]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005384 {source="EHDAA2"} ! nasal cavity epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002424 {source="EHDAA2"} ! oral epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004548 ! nasal fin

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009672
name: oronasal membrane
def: "The oronasal membrane separates the oral cavity and nasal cavity. In humans, the oronasal membrane ruptures during the seventh week, producing a single, large oronasal cavity" [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter24/custom3/deluxe-content.html]
synonym: "bucconasal membrane" EXACT [EHDAA:7840]
comment: split into two?
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="EHDAA2"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005384 {source="EHDAA2"} ! nasal cavity epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000166 {source="EHDAA2"} ! oral opening
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009671 {source="EHDAA2"} ! nasal fin
xref: EHDAA2:0000188 ! oronasal membrane
xref: EHDAA:7840 ! bucconasal membrane
xref: EHDAA:7984 ! bucconasal membrane

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009687
name: middle cardiac vein
def: "The middle cardiac vein commences at the apex of the heart, ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus, and ends in the coronary sinus near its right extremity." [Wikipedia:Middle_cardiac_vein]
synonym: "vena cardiaca media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_cardiac_vein]
synonym: "lesser cardiac vein" EXACT  [FMA:4713]
synonym: "posterior interventricular vein" EXACT  [FMA:4713]
is_a: UBERON:0004148 {source="FMA"} ! cardiac vein
xref: FMA:4713 ! middle cardiac vein
xref: EHDAA2:0004509 ! middle cardiac vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Cardiac_Vein ! Middle Cardiac Vein
xref: SCTID:277729002 ! Entire middle cardiac vein
xref: UMLS:C0226660

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009695
name: epithelium of laryngopharynx
synonym: "epithelium of laryngeal pharynx" EXACT  [FMA:62454]
synonym: "laryngopharynx epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:62454]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001051 ! hypopharynx
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007690 {source="EHDAA2"} ! early pharyngeal endoderm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003929 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gut epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001051 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hypopharynx
xref: EHDAA2:0004575 ! laryngopharynx epithelium
xref: FMA:62454 ! epithelium of laryngopharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009697
name: epithelium of appendix
synonym: "appendix epithelium" EXACT  [FMA:63581]
synonym: "epithelium of vermiform appendix" EXACT  [FMA:63581]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001154 ! appendix
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004989 ! mucosa of appendix
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003929 {source="EHDAA2"} ! gut epithelium
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005636 {source="EHDAA2"} ! caecum epithelium
xref: EHDAA2:0004561 ! appendix epithelium
xref: FMA:63581 ! epithelium of appendix

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009474 ! ascidian ampulla
name: ascidian ampulla
synonym: "ampulla" BROAD []
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009475
name: ampullar siphon
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009474 ! ascidian ampulla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011302
name: tunicate tunic
def: "Outer covering of an animal typically consisting primarily of cellulose (tunicin) in addition to varying amounts of water, protein and carbohydrates. The tunicate is a characteristic feature of Tunicata" [ISBN:0030229073, Wikipedia:Ascidiacea#Anatomy]
comment: Taxon notes: In some species tunicin occurs in small amounts. Some species calcium salts are deposited as spicules. In ascidians, the tunic is supplied with blood vessels.
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002416 ! integumental system
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007023 ! adult organism
relationship: composed_primarily_of CHEBI:18246 ! (1->4)-beta-D-glucan 

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011304
name: tunicate postabdomen
def: "Basalmost subdivision of a tunicate containing the heart and reproductive organs" [ISBN:0030229073]
comment: Taxon notes: Most ascidians lack a postabdomen
is_a: UBERON:0000475 ! organism subdivision
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009716
name: cupular organ
def: "Epithelial sense organ containing the cupula housing a gelatinous material elongated from the basement of the organ toward the atrial cavity. The basement of the cupular organ consists of two cell types: sensory cells and support cell" [DOI:10.2108/zsj.27.842]
comment: Homology: possible homologues of neuromasts in the inner ear (Bone & Ryan, 1978; Wada et al 1998). In the tunicate cupular organ, the sensory cell is a primary neuron sending an axon to the CNS. The sensory cilium is within a deep indentation of the cell and is surrounded by a collar of short microvilli. 
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009717
name: coronal organ
def: "Mechanoreceptor organ found in oral siphon of botryllid ascidians, made of hair cells, similar to the vertebrate octavolateralis system. A possible candidate of the vertebrate lateral line." [DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21013]
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009720 ! oral siphon
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata
subset: organ_slim

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009894 ! siphon primordium
name: siphon primordium
xref: ANISEED:1210451 ! siphon primordia
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009719
name: siphon
def: "tubular appendage for drawing or ejecting fluids" []
xref: BTO:0002056 ! siphon
is_a: UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009894 ! siphon primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009896 ! oral siphon primordia
name: oral siphon primordia
xref: ANISEED:1225922 ! oral siphon primordium (pharynx)
is_a: UBERON:0009894 ! siphon primordium
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009720 ! oral siphon
name: oral siphon
synonym: "pharyngeal siphon" RELATED []
synonym: "branchial siphon" RELATED []
synonym: "buccal siphon" EXACT [ISBN:0030229073]
synonym: "anterior buccal siphon" EXACT [ISBN:0030229073]
is_a: UBERON:0009719 ! siphon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009896 ! oral siphon primordia
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata
property_value: foaf-depicted_by http://content61.eol.org/content/2010/04/23/02/32371_orig.jpg {source="http://eol.org/data_objects/6673409"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009895 ! atrial siphon primordia
name: atrial siphon primordia
xref: ANISEED:1210456 ! atrial siphon primordia
is_a: UBERON:0009894 ! siphon primordium
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009721
name: atrial siphon
is_a: UBERON:0009719 ! siphon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009895 ! atrial siphon primordia
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009892 ! ascidian anterior sensory vesicle
name: ascidian anterior sensory vesicle
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7712 ! Tunicata
xref: ANISEED:777309 ! anterior sensory vesicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009893
name: ascidian ocellus 
is_a: UBERON:0000020 ! sense organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009892 ! ascidian anterior sensory vesicle
xref: ANISEED:874489 ! ocellus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009742
name: proamniotic cavity
def: "the cavity of the developing embryo that is formed within the epiblast tissue prior to the closing of the proamniotic canal by the amniotic folds" [MP:0011197]
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000922 ! embryo

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009743
name: visceral yolk sac cavity
def: "the closed space containing the yolk, formed by the fusion of the edges of the embryonic epiblast (hypoblast) and later surrounded by the visceral yolk sac (hypoblast and visceral yolk sac mesoderm)" [MP:0011201]
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0008852 ! visceral yolk sac
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008852 ! visceral yolk sac

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009744 ! lymph node medullary sinus
name: lymph node medullary sinus
def: "the channels in the lymph node medulla that separate the medullary cords and are crossed by a reticulum of cells and fibers and bounded by littoral cells; lymph flows through the medullary sinus from the cortical sinuses and into the efferent lymphatic vessels" [MP:0011222]
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002007 ! medulla of lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009745
name: lymph node medullary cord
def: "the dense rope-like structures of lymphatic tissue located between the medullary sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node" [MP:0011224]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002007 ! medulla of lymph node
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0009744 ! lymph node medullary sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009746
name: head fold of embryonic disc
def: "the crescent-shaped, ventrally located fold of the embryonic disc at the future cephalic end of the developing embryo" [MP:0011257]
is_a: UBERON:0005291 ! embryonic tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0005062 ! neural fold
xref: SCTID:361453004 ! Head fold
synonym: "head fold" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009747
name: tail fold of embryonic disc
def: "the crescent-shaped, ventrally located fold of the embryonic disc at the future caudal end of the developing embryo" [MP:0011258]
is_a: UBERON:0005291 ! embryonic tissue
xref: SCTID:361439004 ! Tail fold
synonym: "tail fold" EXACT []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009748
name: cephalic neural fold
def: "the elevated margins of the neural groove that are located in the future cephalic region of the embryo" [MP:0011259]
is_a: UBERON:0005062 ! neural fold
xref: EMAPA:16090 ! neural fold

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009749 ! limb mesenchyme
name: limb mesenchyme
def: "the primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells." [MP:0011261]
comment: AO notes: EMAPA mapping from TH
synonym: "limb mesoderm" RELATED [Geisha:syn, NCBITaxon:8782]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003104 ! mesenchyme
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002101 ! limb
xref: EMAPA:32705 ! limb mesenchyme

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009753
name: adrenal gland cortex zone
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001235 {source="MA"} ! adrenal cortex
xref: MA:0001887 ! adrenal gland cortex zone
xref: FMA:69086 ! region of adrenal cortex
xref: SCTID:68594002 ! Adrenal cortex structure
synonym: "region of adrenal cortex" RELATED [FMA:69086]
synonym: "adrenal cortical region" EXACT [FMA:69086]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009754
name: blubber
def: "a thick layer of vascularized adipose tissue found under the skin of all cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians." [Wikipedia:Blubber]
comment: Lipid-rich, collagen fiber–laced blubber comprises the hypodermis and covers the whole body, except for parts of the appendages, strongly attached to the musculature and skeleton by highly organized, fan-shaped networks of tendons and ligaments. It can comprise up to 50% of the body mass of some marine mammals during some points in their lives, and can range from two inches (5 cm) thick in dolphins and smaller whales, to more than 12 inches (30 cm)thick in some bigger whales, such as right and bowhead whales
is_a: UBERON:0002190 {source="Wikipedia"} ! subcutaneous adipose tissue
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 ! Mammalia
xref: SCTID:83953006 ! Blubber

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009755 ! spermaceti
name: spermaceti
def: "wax present in the head cavities of the sperm whale." [Wikipedia:Spermaceti]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9753 ! Physeter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009756 ! spermaceti organ
name: spermaceti organ
def: "An organ that secretes a spermaceti." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000062 ! organ
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0009755 ! spermaceti
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
subset: organ_slim
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sperm_whale_head_anatomy.svg/1000px-Sperm_whale_head_anatomy.svg.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009757
name: ambergris
def: "a biliary secretion of the intestines of the sperm whale." [Wikipedia:Ambergris]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9753 ! Physeter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009842
name: acinus
def: "An acinus refers to any cluster of cells that resembles a many-lobed \"berry,\" such as a raspberry (acinus is Latin for berry). The berry-shaped termination of an exocrine gland, where the secretion is produced is acinar in form, as is the alveolar sac containing multiple alveoli in the lungs." [Wikipedia:Acinus]
synonym: "glandular acinus" RELATED []
synonym: "acini" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Acinus]
property_value: has_relational_adjective "acinar" xsd:string
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
xref: FMA:55588 ! acinus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013223
name: alveolar gland
def: "In contrast to tubular glands, in the second main variety of gland, the secretory portion is enlarged and the lumen variously increased in size. These are termed alveolar glands (or saccular glands, or acinar glands, or acinous glands). Some sources draw a clear distinction between acinar and alveolar glands, based upon the shape of the lumen. A further complication in the case of the alveolar glands may occur in the form of still smaller saccular diverticuli growing out from the main sacculi. These are termed alveoli. The term \"tubulo-alveolar\" (or \"tubulo-acinar\", or \"compound tubulo-acinar\", or \"compound tubulo-alveolar\") is used to describe glands that start out as branched tubular, and branch further to terminate in alveoli. This type of gland is found in the salivary glands, esophagus, and mammary glands. The term \"racemose gland\" is used to describe a \"compound alveolar gland\" or \"compound acinar gland\"." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_gland]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png
synonym: "alveolar gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Alveolar_gland]
synonym: "saccular gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Alveolar_gland]
synonym: "acinar gland" RELATED [Wikipedia:Alveolar_gland]
is_a: UBERON:0002530 {source="Wikipedia"} ! gland
xref: Wikipedia:Alveolar_gland ! alveolar gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009917
name: kidney corticomedullary boundary
def: "the region demarcating the renal medulla from the surrounding cortex; end-stage renal failure may be associated with loss of the normal corticomedullary boundary" [MP:0011376]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000015 ! anatomical boundary
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0000362 ! renal medulla
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0001225 ! cortex of kidney
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 {source="MP"} ! kidney

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009918
name: retrotrapezoid nucleus
def: "the loose collection of neurons that reside in the rostral medulla close to the medullary surface, ventral and immediately caudal of nVII, that are crucial for CO2 sensing in the brain" [MP:0011406]
is_a: UBERON:0000125 {source="cjm"} ! neural nucleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001896 {source="MP"} ! medulla oblongata

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009919
name: ureter smooth muscle
def: "the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter" [MP:0011426]
xref: EMAPA:28844 ! ureteral smooth muscle layer of ureter
synonym: "ureteral smooth muscle layer" EXACT [EMAPA:28844]
synonym: "ureteral smooth muscle" EXACT  [MP:0011426]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135  ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000056  ! ureter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006855 ! ureter muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009921
name: hypophyseal tube
is_a: UBERON:0000025 ! tube
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7746 ! Petromyzontidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009972
name: ureteropelvic junction
def: "the junction between the ureter and the renal pelvis of the kidney" [MP:0011487]
synonym: "pelviureteric junction" EXACT  [FMA:15898]
synonym: "pelvoureteric junction" EXACT  []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 {source="MP"} ! excretory system
intersection_of: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001224 ! renal pelvis
xref: MA:0003021 ! ureteropelvic junction
xref: FMA:15898 ! ureteropelvic junction
xref: SCTID:264130006 ! Entire ureteropelvic junction

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009973
name: ureterovesical junction
def: "the valve-like structure found at the site of entry of the ureter into the urinary bladder, normally displays an oblique angulation through the detrusor to avoid reflux of urine up the ureters and the kidney" [MP:0011488]
synonym: "vesico-ureteral junction" EXACT [MA:0003020]
synonym: "vesico-ureteric junction" EXACT []
synonym: "vesicoureteric junction" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003978 ! valve
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 {source="MP"} ! excretory system
intersection_of: UBERON:0007651 ! anatomical junction
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000056 ! ureter
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001255 ! urinary bladder
xref: FMA:15899 ! ureterovesical junction
xref: MA:0003020 ! ureterovesical junction
xref: SCTID:261187001 ! Vesicoureteric junction

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010002
name: pulmonary neuroendocrine body
def: "corpuscular, organoid structures composed of PNECs, found as distinctive innervated clusters only within intrapulmonary airways, where they appear concentrated at airway branch points; NEBs reach from the basement membrane to the airway lumen and are thought to function as oxygen sensors." [MP:0010921]
synonym: "pulmonary neuroepithelial body" EXACT  [MP:0010921]
synonym: "NEB" EXACT  [MP:0010921]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 {source="MP"} ! anatomical structure
relationship: has_part CL:0000165 ! neuroendocrine cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000115 ! lung epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010005
name: placental labyrinth villi
def: "the vascularized and branched structures arising from the rodent trophoblast-derived epithelium that allow an increase its surface area for the efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes between the maternal and fetal circulation" [MP:0011522]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 {source="MP"} ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003946 {source="MP"} ! placenta labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010006
name: placenta intervillous maternal lacunae
def: "the spaces of the placenta occupied by maternal blood, into which the fetal labyrinth villi project" [MP:0011525]
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003946 {source="MP"} ! placenta labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010007
name: placenta fetal blood space
def: "the spaces of the placenta occupied by fetal blood, primarily within the fetal labyrinth villi" [MP:0011526]
is_a: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003946 {source="MP"} ! placenta labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010172
name: bulb of aorta
def: "the portion of the left ventricular outflow tract delineated by the sinotubular ridge superiorly and the bases of the valve leaflets inferiorly; it comprises the aortic sinuses, the aortic valve leaflets, the commissures, and the interleaflet triangles" [MP:0011572]
synonym: "aortic bulb" EXACT  [FMA:3740]
synonym: "bulb of ascending aorta" EXACT  [FMA:3740]
synonym: "bulbus aortae" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "root of aorta" EXACT  [FMA:3740]
synonym: "supraaortic valve area" EXACT  [FMA:3740]
synonym: "aortic root" EXACT  [MP:0011572]
synonym: "aorta bulb" EXACT  [MP:0011575]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001496 {source="FMA"} ! ascending aorta
xref: FMA:3740 ! bulb of aorta
xref: SCTID:362032000 ! Entire supraaortic valve area
property_value: external_definition "The dilated first part of the aorta containing the aortic semilunar valves and the aortic sinuses." xsd:string {source="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+bulb"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010173
name: sinotubular junction
def: "the point in the ascending aorta where the aortic sinuses end and the aorta becomes a tubular structure" [MP:0011572]
synonym: "sinotubular ridge" EXACT  [MP:0011572]
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001496 {source="MP"} ! ascending aorta

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010181
name: straight venules of kidney
def: "The straight venules of kidney are branches from the plexuses at the apices of the medullary pyramids, formed by the terminations of the arteriae rectae. They run outward in a straight course between the tubes of the medullary substance, and joining, as above stated, the interlobular veins, form venous arcades; these in turn unite and form veins which pass along the sides of the pyramids. Contains fenestrated capillaries." [Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney]
synonym: "venae rectae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney]
synonym: "venulae rectae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney]
synonym: "venulae recti" RELATED [Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney]
synonym: "venulae rectae of kidney" EXACT  [FMA:72007]
synonym: "venulae rectae renis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of straight venules of kidney" EXACT [FMA:72007]
xref: Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney ! straight venules of kidney
xref: FMA:72007 ! set of straight venules of kidney
is_a: UBERON:0005629 ! vascular plexus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002113 ! kidney
synonym: "venulae rectae renis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney]
xref: SCTID:245983001 ! Entire venulae rectae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010188
name: protuberance
def: "A roughly circular bulge in a surface." [EHDAA2:0003250]
xref: AEO:0000205
is_a: UBERON:0003102 {source="EHDAA2"} ! surface structure
xref: EHDAA2:0003250 ! protuberance
xref: FMA:82506 ! protuberance

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000000
name: chin ventral margin
def: "Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the lower edge of the chin." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008199 ! chin

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000001
name: collection of hairs on vertex
def: "A collection of hairs that grows on the vertex (top of head)." [UBERON:EJS]
synonym: "collection of hair on cranium" RELATED []
synonym: "cranial hair" RELATED []
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0010164 ! collection of hairs
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000002
name: cranial midline area
def: "The middle part of the head, located approximately equidistant from the left and the right sides of the head." [UBERON:EJS]
synonym: "cranial midline" RELATED []
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000004
name: collection of hair on ear
def: "A collection of hairs that grows on the external ear." [UBERON:EJS]
synonym: "external ear hair" RELATED []
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0010164 ! collection of hairs

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000005
name: external ear margin
def: "Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the edge of the external ear." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 ! external ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000006
name: collection of hair on forehead
def: "A collection of hairs that grows on the forehead." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
intersection_of: UBERON:0010164 ! collection of hairs
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008200 ! forehead

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000007
name: forehead protuberance
def: "A bulge, knob, or swelling that protrudes from the forehead." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008200 ! forehead

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000008
name: left part of face
def: "Subdivision of the head consisting of the left half of the face, vertically divided." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: in_left_side_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000009
name: midline crest
def: "A ridge or peak located along the middle part of the head, located approximately equidistant from the left and the right sides of the head." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000010
name: mole
def: "A benign tumor on the skin, usually with darker pigment." [Wikipedia:Melanocytic_nevus]
synonym: "melanocytic nevus" RELATED []
synonym: "naevus" EXACT  [ZFA:0005043]
synonym: "nevus" EXACT  [ZFA:0005043]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002067 {source="ZFA"} ! dermis
relationship: has_part CL:0000148 ! melanocyte
xref: ZFA:0005043 ! nevus
xref: TAO:0005043 ! nevi
property_value: external_definition "An ectopic melanophore accumulation analogous to a nevi (mole) in humans.[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0005043", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="ZFIN:curator"}
xref: EFO:0000625 ! nevus

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000011
name: labial commissure
def: "Anatomical structure consisting of either corner of the mouth." [Wikipedia:Labial_commissure_of_mouth]
synonym: "corner of mouth" RELATED []
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000165 ! mouth
synonym: "commissura labiorum oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Labial_commissure_of_mouth]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Commissurebeforeandafter.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000012
name: nose anterior margin
def: "Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the front edge of the external nose." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007827 ! external nose

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000013
name: nose vertex
def: "The extreme point of curvature of the external nose." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007827 ! external nose

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000014
name: right part of face
def: "Subdivision of the head consisting of the right half of the face, vertically divided." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
relationship: in_right_side_of UBERON:0001456 ! face

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000015
name: skin of snout
def: "A zone of skin that is part of the snout." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006333 ! snout

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000016
name: tip of snout
def: "Subdivision of the head consisting of the pointed or rounded end or extremity of the snout." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006333 ! snout

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000017
name: tip of external ear
def: "Subdivision of the head consisting of the pointed or rounded end or extremity of the external ear." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001691 ! external ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000018
name: cluster of hairs
def: "A small collection or tuft of hairs." [UBERON:EJS]
synonym: "tuft of hair" RELATED []
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0010164 ! collection of hairs

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000019
name: top of head
def: "The top of the head." [UBERON:EJS]
comment: note in the FMA, vertex is a point and not a subdivision
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0001444 ! subdivision of head
xref: FMA:46484 ! vertex
xref: SCTID:362616002 ! Entire vertex
synonym: "vertex" RELATED [FMA:46484]
synonym: "vertex of head" EXACT [FMA:46484]

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000020
name: collection of hair on snout
def: "A collection of hairs that grows on the snout." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
is_a: UBERON:0010165 ! collection of hair on face
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006333 ! snout
created_by: eriks
creation_date: 2012-02-05T05:21:29Z

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000021
name: skin of face
def: "A zone of skin that is part of the face." [UBERON:EJS]
synonym: "facial skin" RELATED []
subset: phenotype_rcn
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face
created_by: eriks
creation_date: 2012-02-05T05:23:01Z
xref: ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Face ! skin of the face
xref: FMA:24758 ! Skin of face
xref: SCTID:361703006 ! Entire skin of face
synonym: "face skin" EXACT [FMA:24758]
xref: UMLS:C0222084

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013633
name: intertrochanteric crest
def: "The intertrochanteric crest is a bony ridge located on the posterior side of the head of the femur, stretching obliquely downward and medially from the summit of the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter. Together with the intertrochanteric line on the anterior side of the head, the crest mark the transition between of the neck of femur into the shaft of femur. An elevation between the middle and proximal third of the crest is known as the quadrate tubercle. The upper half of the crest forms the posterior border of the greater trochanter. The distal capsular attachment on the femur follows the shape of the irregular rim between the head and the neck. As a consequence, the capsule of the hip joint attaches in the region of the intertrochanteric line on the anterior side, but a finger away from the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the head." [Wikipedia:Intertrochanteric_crest]
is_a: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 ! proximal epiphysis of femur
relationship: connects UBERON:0002503 ! greater trochanter
relationship: connects UBERON:0002504 ! lesser trochanter
xref: FMA:75100 ! intertrochanteric crest

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013634
name: intertrochanteric line
def: "The intertrochanteric line (or spiral line of the femur) is a line located on the anterior side of the proximal end of the femur. The rough, variable ridge stretches between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter forming the base of the neck of the femur, roughly following the direction of the shaft of the femur. The iliofemoral ligament &mdash; the largest ligament of the human body &mdash; attaches above the line which also strengthen the capsule of the hip joint. The lower half, less prominent than the upper half, gives origin to the upper part of the Vastus medialis. Just like the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the femural head, the intertrochanteric line mark the transition between the femural neck and shaft. The distal capsular attachment on the femur follows the shape of the irregular rim between the head and the neck. As a consequence, the capsule of the hip joint attaches in the region of the intertrochanteric line on the anterior side, but a finger away from the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the head. The fibers of the ischiocapsular ligament attaches both on the joint capsule and to the intertrochanteric line." [Wikipedia:Intertrochanteric_line]
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 ! proximal epiphysis of femur
xref: FMA:74587 ! intertrochanteric line

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010222
name: anatomical line between pupils
synonym: "interpupillary line" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line
relationship: connects UBERON:0010224 ! right pupil
relationship: connects UBERON:0010223 ! left pupil
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001456 ! face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010231
name: anatomical line between outer ears
synonym: "otic line" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0006800 ! anatomical line
relationship: connects UBERON:0006617 ! left external ear
relationship: connects UBERON:0006616 ! right external ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010210
name: blood clot
def: "A semisolid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network." [BTO:0000102, Wikipedia:Thrombus]
synonym: "thrombus" RELATED  [BTO:0000102]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0000178 {source="BTO"} ! blood
relationship: output_of GO:0007596 ! blood coagulation
xref: BTO:0000102 ! blood clot
xref: galen:BloodClot ! blood clot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010211
name: granulation tissue
def: "Highly vascularized tissue that replaces the initial fibrin clot in a wound. Vascularization is by ingrowth of capillary endothelium from the surrounding vasculature. The tissue is also rich in fibroblasts (that will eventually produce the fibrous tissue) and leucocytes." [BTO:0003257]
is_a: UBERON:0002384 {source="BTO"} ! connective tissue
relationship: participates_in GO:0042060 ! wound healing
relationship: has_part CL:0000057 ! fibroblast
relationship: has_part CL:0000738 ! leukocyte
xref: BTO:0003257 ! granulation tissue
xref: MESH:A10.165.450 ! granulation tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010263
name: obsolete embryoid body
def: "Embryoid bodies are structures resembling embryos, occurring in several types of germ cell tumors." [BTO:0001718, Wikipedia:Embryoid_body]
comment: Obsoled, as does not cover naturally occurring entity
consider: BTO:0001718 ! embryoid body
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010302
name: amnioserosa
def: "a single extraembryonic epithelium, which closes the germband dorsally." [doi:10.1073/pnas.0709145105]
comment: Editor's notes: May be obsoleted once added to insect ontology. Coordinate with cell type in CL
synonym: "amnion-serosa" RELATED  [BTO:0004800]
is_a: UBERON:0010303 {source="doi:10.1073/pnas.0709145105"} ! extraembryonic epithelium
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 {source="doi:10.1073/pnas.0709145105", notes="Cyclorrhapha"} ! Arthropoda
xref: FBbt:00000095 ! amnioserosa
xref: BTO:0004800 ! amnioserosa
xref: EFO:0000250 ! amnioserosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010303 ! extraembryonic epithelium
name: extraembryonic epithelium
synonym: "extra-embryonic epithelium" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000478 ! extraembryonic structure
def: "An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010371
name: ecto-epithelium
def: "Epithelium that derives from the ectoderm. Examples: epithelium of acinus of lactiferous duct, subscapular lens epithelium, epithelium of posterior surface of cornea." [FMA:69064]
synonym: "ectoderm-derived epithelium" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0000924 ! ectoderm
xref: FMA:69064 ! ecto-epithelium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010380
name: enteric nerve
intersection_of: UBERON:0001021  ! nerve
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002005  ! enteric nervous system
xref: MA:0001145 ! enteric nerve
def: "A nerve that is part of a enteric nervous system." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010396
name: afferent lymphatic vessel
def: "Lymphatic vessel that enters the lymph node. The afferent lymph vessels enter at all parts of the periphery of the lymph node, and after branching and forming a dense plexus in the substance of the capsule, open into the lymph sinuses of the cortical part. In doing this they lose all their coats except their endothelial lining, which is continuous with a layer of similar cells lining the lymph paths" [MP:MP]
synonym: "vasa afferentia lymphoglandulae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Afferent_lymphatic_vessels]
synonym: "vasa afferentia lymphoglandula" EXACT [Wikipedia:Afferent_lymphatic_vessels]
is_a: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
xref: MA:0000748 ! afferent lymphatic vessel
xref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_lymph_node_structure.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010397
name: efferent lymphatic vessel
def: "Lymphatic vessel that exits the lymph node. The efferent lymphatic vessel commences from the lymph sinuses of the medullary portion of the lymph nodes and leave the lymph nodes either to veins or greater nodes. Efferent lymphatic vessels are also found in the thymus and spleen. This is in contrast to afferent lymphatic vessels, which are found only in lymph nodes." [MP:MP]
synonym: "efferent lymphatic vessel" RELATED [Wikipedia:Efferent_lymph_vessel]
synonym: "efferent lymphatic vessels" RELATED [Wikipedia:Efferent_lymph_vessel]
is_a: UBERON:0001473 ! lymphatic vessel
xref: MA:0000749 ! efferent lymphatic vessel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010399
name: spleen trabecular artery
def: "one of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]" [MP:0002354, Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries]
synonym: "trabecular artery" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001265 ! trabecula of spleen
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001194 {source="MP"} ! splenic artery
xref: MA:0000759 ! spleen trabecular artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Artery ! splenic trabecular artery
property_value: external_definition "When the splenic artery passes into the trabecula of the spleen and branches, they become known as the trabecular arteries. When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries).[Wikipedia]" xsd:string {ontology="Wikipedia", source="Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries"}
xref: UMLS:C1710159

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010400
name: spleen trabecular vein
def: "one of the veins that feed the splenic vein" [MP:0002228, Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins]
synonym: "trabecular vein" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001265 ! trabecula of spleen
xref: MA:0000760 ! spleen trabecular vein
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Vein ! splenic trabecular vein
property_value: external_definition "The trabecular veins are the largest veins inside the spleen. It drains the blood collected in the sinuses of the pulp.[Wikipedia]" xsd:string {ontology="Wikipedia", source="Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins"}
xref: UMLS:C1710160

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010401
name: spleen central arteriole
def: "A blood vessel surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath that connects the trabecular artery to the trabecular vein" [MP:MP]
synonym: "follicular arteriole" EXACT  [MP:0002361]
synonym: "splenic central arteriole" EXACT  [MP:0002361]
synonym: "central arteriole" BROAD  []
is_a: UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001959 ! white pulp of spleen
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0010399 {source="Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries"} ! spleen trabecular artery
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0010400 ! spleen trabecular vein
xref: MA:0000763 ! spleen central arteriole
xref: SCTID:282511007 ! Entire splenic arterioles

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013132
name: penicillar arteriole
def: "One of the small straight arteries of the red pulp of the spleen; a branch of the spleen central artery that supplies the red pulp[WP,modified]" [UBERON:cjm, http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/penicillus]
is_a: UBERON:0001980 ! arteriole
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001959 {source="FMA"} ! white pulp of spleen
relationship: supplies UBERON:0001250 {source="Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries"} ! red pulp of spleen
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0010401 {source="Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries"} ! spleen central arteriole
xref: FMA:16038 ! penicillus
synonym: "penicillar artery" RELATED []
synonym: "penicillus" EXACT [FMA:16038]
synonym: "penicilli" EXACT PLURAL [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/penicilli]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010402
name: epidermis suprabasal layer
synonym: "suprabasal layer" BROAD  [MP:0001233]
synonym: "suprabasal layer of epidermis" EXACT  []
synonym: "suprabasal cell layer of skin" EXACT  []
is_a: UBERON:0004923 ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002025 ! stratum basale of epidermis
xref: MA:0000808 ! epidermis suprabasal layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010403
name: cortical marginal zone
def: "developing superficial cortical layer located just under the pia matter." [MP:MP]
comment: TODO; add other marginal zones; determine correct developmental relationships
synonym: "MZ" EXACT  [MP:0000792]
synonym: "cortical marginal zone" EXACT  [MP:0000792]
synonym: "brain marginal zone" BROAD [MA:0000812]
is_a: UBERON:0005423 ! developing anatomical structure
is_a: UBERON:0002301 ! layer of neocortex
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002361 ! pia mater
xref: MA:0000812 ! brain marginal zone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010405
name: spinal cord lateral motor column
def: "Column of motor neurons which innervate muscles in the limb; motor neurons in the lateral motor column are further organized into pools, each of which innervates a specific muscle in the limb" [MP:MP]
is_a: UBERON:0000073 ! regional part of nervous system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002240 ! spinal cord
xref: MA:0001129 ! spinal cord lateral motor column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010406
name: cholinergic enteric nerve
def: "nerve fibers that utilize acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter to the intestinal system" [MP:0001049]
is_a: UBERON:0010380 ! enteric nerve
relationship: overlaps CL:0000108 ! cholinergic neuron
xref: MA:0001146 ! cholinergic enteric nerve

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003386
name: smooth muscle of eye
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18807 ! smooth muscle of eye
xref: MA:0001268 ! ocular smooth muscle
synonym: "ocular smooth muscle" EXACT [MA:0001268]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010408
name: ocular angle artery
def: "The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery; it ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit, imbedded in the fibers of the angular head of the Quadratus labii superioris, and accompanied by the angular vein." [MP:MP]
is_a: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001612 ! facial artery
synonym: "angular artery" EXACT [FMA:49583]
xref: FMA:49583 ! angular artery
xref: MA:0002010 ! ocular angle artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Angular_Artery ! angular artery
xref: SCTID:145238006 ! Entire angular artery
xref: UMLS:C0226116

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010409
name: eye surface
is_a: UBERON:0003102 ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000019 ! camera-type eye
xref: MA:0002486 ! eye surface

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010410
name: inguinal fat pad
def: "encapsulated adipose tissue found in the groin" [MGI:csmith]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008337 ! inguinal part of abdomen
xref: MA:0002548 ! inguinal fat pad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010411
name: retroperitoneal fat pad
def: "encapsulated adipose tissue found on the dorsal side of the peritoneum" [MGI:csmith]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
relationship: located_in UBERON:0003693 ! retroperitoneal space
xref: MA:0002549 ! retroperitoneal fat pad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010412
name: epididymal fat pad
def: "encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the epididymis" [MGI:rbabiuk, MGI:csmith]
synonym: "periepididymal fat pad" EXACT  [MP:0009288]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001301 ! epididymis
xref: MA:0002550 ! epididymal fat pad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010413
name: parametrial fat pad
def: "encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the extension of the subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the broad ligament" [MGI:csmith]
synonym: "parametrial fat depot" EXACT  [MP:0009301]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010391 ! parametrium
xref: MA:0002953 ! parametrial fat pad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010414
name: omental fat pad
def: "encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the fold of peritoneal tissue that extends from the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall after associating with the transverse colon" [MP:MP]
synonym: "omental fat depot" EXACT  [MP:0010044]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003427 ! abdominal fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003688 ! omentum
xref: MA:0002956 ! omental fat pad

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012282 ! mammary fat pad
name: mammary fat pad
def: "encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the mammary gland" [MGI:csmith]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012283
name: abnormal femoral fat pad morphology
def: "encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the femur" [MP:0008905]
synonym: "femoral fat depot" EXACT  [MP:0008905]
intersection_of: UBERON:0003916 ! fat pad
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000376 ! hindlimb stylopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010415
name: barrel cortex
def: "dark-staining regions of layer four of the somatosensory cortex where somatosensory inputs from the contralateral side of the body come in from the thalamus. Barrels are found in some species of rodents and species of at least two other orders." [MP:MP]
comment: The term barrel field of the primary somatosensory area refers to one of 6 subdivisions of the primary somesthetic area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other five are the lower limb of the primary somatosensory area, the mouth of the primary somatosensory area, the nose of the primary somatosensory area, the trunk of the primary somatosensory area and the upper limb of the primary somatosensory area. -- http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2703
synonym: "primary somatosensory area, barrel field" RELATED [ABA:SSp-bfd]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008933 ! primary somatosensory cortex
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9989 ! Rodenti
xref: MA:0002712 ! barrel cortex
xref: ABA:SSp-bfd ! Primary somatosensory area, barrel field

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001744
name: lymphoid tissue
def: "Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lymphoid_tissue]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lymphatic tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "lymphocytic tissue" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000753
xref: FMA:55220 ! Lymphoid tissue
xref: GAID:342 ! lymphoid tissue
xref: MA:0002436 ! lymphoid tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymphoid_Tissue ! Lymphoid Tissue
xref: galen:LymphoidTissue ! lymphoid tissue
xref: MESH:A10.549 ! lymphoid tissue
is_a: UBERON:0000479 ! portion of tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002193 ! hemolymphoid system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002465 ! lymphoid system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7742 {source="NBK27108"} ! Vertebrata
relationship: dubious_for_taxon NCBITaxon:7776 {source="NBK27108", notes="lampreys lack organized lymphoid tissue"} ! Gnathostomata
xref: SCTID:181768009 ! Lymphatic tissue
xref: UMLS:C0024296

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000444
name: lymphoid follicle
def: "." [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/6, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/7]
comment: introducing part_of to 'cortex of lymph node' as in issue 7 introduces equivalencies; the part_of has instead been added to 'lymph node follicle'
synonym: "lymphoid nodule" EXACT [FMA:55222]
synonym: "nodular lymphoid tissue" EXACT [FMA:55222]
synonym: "folliculus lymphaticus" RELATED [BTO:0002684]
synonym: "lymphatic follicle" RELATED [BTO:0002684]
synonym: "lymphatic nodule" RELATED [BTO:0002684]
synonym: "nodulus lymphaticus" RELATED [BTO:0002684]
synonym: "nodulus lymphoideus" RELATED [BTO:0002684]
xref: FMA:55222 ! Nodular lymphoid tissue
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymphoid_Follicle ! Lymphoid Follicle
xref: BTO:0002684 ! lymphoid follicle
xref: SCTID:64626006 ! Lymphoid nodule (also: UBERON:0010754 'germinal center')
is_a: UBERON:0001744 {source="FMA"} ! lymphoid tissue
xref: UMLS:C0229654

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010422 ! primary nodular lymphoid tissue
name: primary nodular lymphoid tissue
def: "A lymphoid follicle containing naive B cells" [CL:tm]
comment: Location notes: The cortex of lymph nodes, the white pulp of spleen, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue all have these primary follicles
synonym: "primary follicle" RELATED  []
synonym: "primary lymphoid follicle" EXACT  []
synonym: "primary lymphoid nodule" EXACT  [FMA:55223]
is_a: UBERON:0000444 {source="FMA"} ! lymphoid follicle
relationship: has_part CL:0000788 {source="CL:tm"} ! naive B cell
xref: FMA:55223 ! primary nodular lymphoid tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001745
name: secondary nodular lymphoid tissue
def: "A lymphoid follicle that contains a germinal center." [CL:tm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "peripheral lymphoid tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "secondary lymphoid nodule" EXACT []
synonym: "secondary lymphoid tissue" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55224 ! Secondary nodular lymphoid tissue
xref: GAID:946 ! germinal center
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Keimzentrum.jpg/200px-Keimzentrum.jpg
intersection_of: UBERON:0000444 ! lymphoid follicle
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0010754 ! germinal center
relationship: site_of GO:0042100 ! B cell proliferation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010422 ! primary nodular lymphoid tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010754 ! germinal center
name: germinal center
def: "A collection of activated B cells at the center of a secondary follicle, formed after B cells become activated and migrate to the center." [UBERON:cjm, CL:tm, Wikipedia:Germinal_center]
comment: A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.[GO]
synonym: "central zone of follice" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "light zone of follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "reaction center of follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "nodule" RELATED [CL:tm]
synonym: "lymhpoid nodule" RELATED [CL:tm]
is_a: UBERON:0001744 ! lymphoid tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001745 ! secondary nodular lymphoid tissue
xref: BTO:0003671 ! germinal center (also: UBERON:0009039 'lymph node germinal center')
xref: EV:0100051 ! germinal center
xref: ncithesaurus:Germinal_Center ! Germinal Center
xref: MESH:A10.549.250 ! germinal center
xref: EV:0100051 ! germinal center
xref: SCTID:64626006 ! Lymphoid nodule (also: UBERON:0000444 'lymphoid follicle')
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Germinal_center.svg
xref: UMLS:C0282491

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010755 ! secondary follicle corona
name: secondary follicle corona
def: "The part of the secondary follicle that surrounds the germinal center." [UBERON:cjm, CL:tm]
comment: Editor's note: consider making terminology consistent amongst subclasses - see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/7
synonym: "peripheral zone of follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "dark zone of follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "inactive zone of follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "B cell corona" RELATED []
synonym: "mantle zone" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0001744 ! lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001745 ! secondary nodular lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0010754 ! germinal center
xref: ncithesaurus:Mantle_Zone ! mantle zone
xref: UMLS:C1512987

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010394 ! lymphocyte domain
name: lymphocyte domain
comment: todo - check
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: has_part CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010393 ! T cell domain
name: T cell domain
comment: todo - check
intersection_of: UBERON:0010394 ! lymphocyte domain
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000084 ! T cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010392
name: B cell domain
comment: todo - check
is_a: UBERON:0010394  ! lymphocyte domain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010748
name: lymph node follicle
synonym: "follicle of lymph node" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000444 ! lymphoid follicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002006 {source="MP-def", notes="issues/7"} ! cortex of lymph node
xref: MA:0000742 ! lymph node follicle
def: "A lymphoid follicle that is part of a lymph node." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010395 ! lymph node primary follicle
name: lymph node primary follicle
def: "An unstimulated network of follicular dendritic cells and small resting B cells in the lymph node cortex." [MP:0002345, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/6]
synonym: "primary follicle of lymph node" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010422 ! primary nodular lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
xref: MA:0000743 ! lymph node primary follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010753 ! lymph node secondary follicle
name: lymph node secondary follicle
def: "A secondary follicle that is located in a lymph node" [CL:tm]
is_a: UBERON:0010748 {source="MA"} ! lymph node follicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001745 ! secondary nodular lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010395 ! lymph node primary follicle
xref: MA:0000744 ! lymph node secondary follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009039
name: lymph node germinal center
def: "A germinal center that is located in a lymph node" [CL:tm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010754 ! germinal center
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010753 {source="MA"} ! lymph node secondary follicle
synonym: "germinal center" BROAD [BTO:0003671]
synonym: "lymph node nodule" RELATED []
synonym: "lymph node central zone" RELATED []
synonym: "lymph node light zone" RELATED []
synonym: "lymph node activated zone" RELATED []
xref: SCTID:327147000 ! Entire germinal center of lymph node
xref: MA:0002989 ! lymph node germinal center
xref: BTO:0003671 ! germinal center (also: UBERON:0010754 'germinal center')
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Germinal_Center ! Lymph Node Germinal Center

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010420
name: lymph node follicular corona
def: "A part of the secondary follicle in which naive B cells reside along with some helper T cells, macrophages and follicular dendritic cells; these are displaced by the expanding germinal centre and form a 'mantle' around it" [MP:MP, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/7]
synonym: "lymph node follicular mantle" EXACT [MA:0002990]
synonym: "lymph node peripheral zone" EXACT  [CL:tm]
synonym: "lymph node dark zone" EXACT  [CL:tm]
synonym: "lymph node inactive zone" EXACT  [CL:tm]
synonym: "lymph node B cell corona" EXACT  [CL:tm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010755 ! secondary follicle corona
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0009039 ! lymph node germinal center
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010753 {source="MA"} ! lymph node secondary follicle
xref: MA:0002990 ! lymph node follicular mantle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010416
name: lymph node B cell domain
def: "A part of the lymph node cortex in which B lymphocytes home to primary follicles to survey follicular dendritic cells (FDCs); antigen stimulated B cells proliferate and differentiate within the follicles forming distinctive germinal centers" [MP:MP]
synonym: "lymph node B cell dependent cortex" EXACT  [MP:0002344]
synonym: "lymph node B-cell domain" EXACT  [MP:0002344]
synonym: "nodular lymph node cortex" EXACT  [MP:0002344]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010392 ! B cell domain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002006 {source="MP"} ! cortex of lymph node
xref: MA:0002851 ! lymph node B cell domain

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010417
name: lymph node T cell domain
def: "The paracortex and interfollicular cortex of the lymph node in which T lymphocytes home to survey dendritic cells" [MP:0002347]
synonym: "lymph node T cell dependent paracortex" EXACT  [MP:0002347]
synonym: "lymph node T-cell domain" EXACT  [MP:0002347]
synonym: "lymph node deep cortex" EXACT  [MP:0002347]
synonym: "lymph node T zone" EXACT  []
synonym: "T zone of lymph node" EXACT  []
synonym: "T cell zone of lymph node" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0010393 ! T cell domain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002006 {source="MP"} ! cortex of lymph node
xref: MA:0002852 ! lymph node T cell domain
xref: SCTID:326870003 ! Entire T zone of lymph node

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010423
name: primary lymphoid nodule of tonsil
synonym: "lymphoid nodule of tonsil" RELATED [FMA:86018]
is_a: UBERON:0010422 {source="FMA"} ! primary nodular lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0010422 ! primary nodular lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002372 ! tonsil
xref: FMA:86018 ! lymphoid nodule of tonsil
def: "A primary nodular lymphoid tissue that is part of a tonsil." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001249
alt_id: UBERON:0003969
name: spleen lymphoid follicle
def: "the area of the white pulp where the affinity maturation of B cells and the generation of memory B cells and plasma cells occur" [MP:0008470, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/6, CL:tm]
synonym: "spleen B cell follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "splenic B cell follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "lymphatic follicle of spleen" EXACT  [FMA:15843]
synonym: "lymphoid follicle of spleen" EXACT  [FMA:15843]
synonym: "Malpighian body" EXACT  [FMA:15843]
synonym: "splenic lymphatic follicle" EXACT  [FMA:15843]
synonym: "splenic lymphoid follicle" EXACT  []
synonym: "spleen lymphoid nodule" RELATED  [MA:0002672]
synonym: "lymphoid nodule of spleen" EXACT [FMA:15843]
synonym: "spleen lymphoid follicle" EXACT [MA:0002672]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000444 ! lymphoid follicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001959 {source="MA", source="CL:tm"} ! white pulp of spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:1000024 {source="FMA"} ! parenchyma of spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006561 {source="FMA"} ! non-lymphatic part of lymphoid system
relationship: site_of GO:0002319 ! memory B cell differentiation
xref: MA:0002672 ! spleen lymphoid follicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenic_Lymphoid_Follicle ! Splenic Lymphoid Follicle
xref: SCTID:35845000 ! Lymphatic follicle of spleen
xref: UMLS:C1519475

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004041 ! spleen primary B follicle
name: spleen primary B follicle
def: "the nodules of small undifferentiated B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells located in the spleen white pulp" [MP:0008471]
comment: AO notes - FMA:15843 is classified as primary follicle so it belongs here
synonym: "primary spleen B cell follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010422 ! primary nodular lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
xref: FMA:15843 ! lymphoid nodule of spleen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004042
name: spleen secondary B follicle
def: "the nodules of antigen-activated, differentiating B cells, follicular dendritic cells, antigen-presenting T cells and macrophages in the spleen white pulp" [MP:0008472]
synonym: "secondary spleen B cell follicle" EXACT [CL:tm]
synonym: "splenic secondary B cell follicle" EXACT [MP:0008472]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001745 ! secondary nodular lymphoid tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004041 {source="CL:tm"} ! spleen primary B follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005196 ! spleen germinal center
name: spleen germinal center
def: "A germinal center that is part of the spleen. The spleen germinal center is located in a secondary B follicle in the white pulp of the spleen." [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/6, CL:tm]
synonym: "spleen GC" EXACT  [MP:0008474]
synonym: "spleen follicle center" EXACT  [MP:0008474]
synonym: "splenic germinal center" EXACT  [MP:0008474]
synonym: "germinal center of spleen" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000764 ! spleen germinal center
xref: ncithesaurus:Spleen_Germinal_Center ! Splenic Germinal Center
intersection_of: UBERON:0010754 ! germinal center
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004042 {source="CL:tm"} ! spleen secondary B follicle
xref: UMLS:C1710156

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010421
name: spleen B cell corona
def: "the area of the (spleen) secondary B follicle that surrounds the germinal center and harbors the small recirculating B lymphocytes" [CL:tm, PMID:17495967, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/6]
synonym: "B lymphocyte domain of the spleen" BROAD  []
synonym: "B cell domain of the spleen" BROAD  [MP:0002360]
synonym: "follicle mantle" EXACT  [MP:0002360]
synonym: "splenic corona" BROAD  [CL:tm]
synonym: "lymphocytic corona" BROAD  [MP:0002360, CL:tm]
synonym: "spleen lymphocytic corona" EXACT  [MP:0002360, CL:tm]
synonym: "spleen mantle zone" RELATED  [MP:0002360, CL:tm]
synonym: "spleen B-cell corona" EXACT  [MP:0002360]
synonym: "splenic B cell corona" EXACT  [MP:0002360]
synonym: "spleen B cell corona" EXACT  [MP:0002360]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010755 ! secondary follicle corona
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002106 ! spleen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004042 {source="CL:tm"} ! spleen secondary B follicle
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0005196 ! spleen germinal center

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001960
name: periarterial lymphatic sheath
def: "the area of the spleen in which T cells surround the central arteriole" [MP:0002358]
comment: AO notes: FMA distinguishes periarterial (PALS) from periarteriolar (FMA:62806)
synonym: "PALS" EXACT  [MP:0002358]
synonym: "T cell domain of the splenic white pulp" EXACT  [MP:0002358]
synonym: "periarteriolar sheath" EXACT  [MP:0002358]
synonym: "splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath" RELATED  [MP:0002358]
synonym: "periarterial lymphoid sheath" EXACT []
synonym: "spleen periarteriolar lymphatic sheath" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62810 ! Periarterial lymphatic sheath
xref: MA:0000765 ! spleen periarteriolar lymphatic sheath
intersection_of: UBERON:0010393 ! T cell domain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001959 ! white pulp of spleen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010756
name: spleen follicular dendritic cell network
def: "the enmeshed group of antigen presenting cells with extensive dendritic processes in the spleen B cell follicle that present antigen to B cells during an immune response" [MP:0008473]
comment: The follicular dendritic cell network is often visualized by using the monoclonal antibody FDC-M2.
synonym: "FDC network" BROAD  [MP:0008473]
synonym: "FDCN" BROAD  [MP:0008473]
synonym: "spleen FDC network" EXACT  [MP:0008473]
synonym: "splenic follicular dendritic cell network" EXACT  [MP:0008473]
is_a: UBERON:0001744 ! lymphoid tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004042 ! spleen secondary B follicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001211
name: Peyer's patch
def: "aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are usually found in the lowest portion of the small intestine ileum in humans; as such, they differentiate the ileum from the duodenum and jejunum // nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine." [Wikipedia:Peyer's_patch]
comment: AO notes: FMA has [set of?] [aggregated,small] lymphoid [follice,nodule] of [colon, SI, I, etc] - Pp is a syn for Aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine; but MA uses Pp as covering both SI and LI. MA also includes follicle as a part. WP says duodenum and jejunum lack PPs. Taxon notes: Reptiles have accumulations of lymphocytes in their guts that may be primitive Peyer's patches (Zapata and Solas).
synonym: "aggregated lymphoid follicle of intestine" RELATED []
synonym: "aggregated lymphoid nodule" RELATED []
synonym: "noduli lymphoidei aggregati intestini tenuis" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA, FMA:76466]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: GAID:950 ! peyer's patch
xref: MA:0000137 ! peyer's patch
xref: EFO:0001381 ! Peyer's patch
xref: BTO:0001784 ! Peyer's gland
xref: EMAPA:19028 ! Peyer's patches
xref: MESH:A10.549.598 ! peyer's patch
xref: ncithesaurus:Mouse_Peyer_s_Patches ! Murine Peyer's Patches
xref: ncithesaurus:Peyer_s_Patch ! peyer patch
is_a: UBERON:0001962 ! gut-associated lymphoid tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001242 ! intestinal mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000030 ! lamina propria
xref: UMLS:C0031272

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010386
name: peyer's patch follicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000444 ! lymphoid follicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001211 ! Peyer's patch
xref: MA:0000732 ! peyer's patch follicle
def: "A lymphoid follicle that is part of a Peyer's patch." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003453
name: large intestine Peyer's patch
comment: Edtor notes: requires expert attention
synonym: "Peyer's patch of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine Peyer's patch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001550 ! large intestine peyer's patch
xref: FMA:15658 ! solitary lymphoid follicle of subdivision of large intestine
intersection_of: UBERON:0001211 ! Peyer's patch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000059 ! large intestine
synonym: "solitary lymphoid follicle of subdivision of large intestine" RELATED [FMA:15658]
synonym: "solitary lymphatic follicle of large intestine" RELATED [FMA:15658]
def: "A Peyer's patch that is part of a large intestine." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003454
name: small intestine Peyer's patch
def: "nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine." []
comment: Editor's note: add subtypes for jejunum, ileum
synonym: "aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine" EXACT [FMA:15054]
synonym: "Peyer's patch" BROAD [FMA:15054]
synonym: "Peyer's patch of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Peyer's patch of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel Peyer's patch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine Peyer's patch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001557 ! small intestine peyer's patch
xref: FMA:15054 ! aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine
intersection_of: UBERON:0001211 ! Peyer's patch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002108 ! small intestine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001204 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! mucosa of small intestine
xref: SCTID:38986009 ! Entire aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004697
name: Peyer's patch germinal center
def: "area of the Peyer's patch where B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells" [MP:0002391]
xref: MA:0000734 ! peyer's patch germinal center
xref: ncithesaurus:Peyer_s_Patch_Germinal_Center ! peyer patch germinal center
intersection_of: UBERON:0010754 ! germinal center
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001211 ! part_of Peyer's patch
relationship: site_of GO:0002317 ! plasma cell differentiation
relationship: site_of GO:0042100 ! B cell proliferation
xref: UMLS:C1711398

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010387
name: Peyer's patch T cell area
def: "the Peyer's patch area normally occupied by T lymphocytes" [MP:0002392]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010393 ! T cell domain
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001211 ! Peyer's patch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010727
name: sutural bone
def: "A piece of bone that is located within a suture in the cranium." [Wikipedia:Wormian_bones]
synonym: "Wormian bone" EXACT  [FMA:59327]
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
xref: SCTID:272677004 ! Entire wormian bone
xref: FMA:59327 ! sutural bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011154
name: gular region
def: "Surface structure that extends from the chin covering pharynx and larynx." []
is_a: UBERON:0003102 {source="TAO"} ! surface structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007811 ! craniocervical region
xref: TAO:0002286 ! gular region
property_value: external_definition "Surface structure that is the region between the chin and the isthmus.  (from http://www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/introduction.htm).[TAO]" xsd:string {ontology="TAO", external_class="TAO:0002286", date_retrieved="2012-08-14", source="TAO:wd"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010854 ! skin of front of neck
name: skin of front of neck
synonym: "skin of throat" EXACT  []
synonym: "skin of anterior neck" EXACT  [FMA:23023]
synonym: "skin of anterior part of neck" EXACT  [FMA:23023]
synonym: "skin of anterior portion of neck" EXACT  [FMA:23023]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001417 ! skin of neck
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000341 ! throat
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011154 ! gular region
xref: FMA:23023 ! skin of front of neck
xref: SCTID:181482005 ! Entire skin of anterior portion of neck
def: "A skin of neck that is part of a throat." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010855 ! skin of forelimb wing
name: skin of forelimb wing
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000024 ! forelimb wing
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb wing." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011646
name: patagialis muscle
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0008196 ! muscle of pectoral girdle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010856 ! patagium
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010856 ! patagium
name: patagium
def: "A membranous extension of skin that forms the wing material in animals such as bats. It typically comprises a number of patagial segments, stretching from the side of the body between the forelimb digits and sometimes the hindlimbs." [Wikipedia:Patagium, http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/EML/background/wing_anatomy.htm, http://animals.about.com/od/zoologytermsktoz/g/patagium.htm]
synonym: "patagia" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "flight membrane" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000094 ! membrane organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000023 ! wing

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010861
name: propatagium
def: "In bats and pterosaurs, thin web of skin that extends from the shoulder to the wrist anterior to the upper arm and forearm, and is fixed on the neck or skull." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html]
comment: In birds:  The triangular fold of skin on leading edge of the wing[http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0010858 ! inter limb-segment region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010856 ! patagium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013070
name: prepatagium
def: "a roughly triangular flap of skin on the wing of a bird or pterosaur which fills the space bounded by the humerus and ulna." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html]
is_a: UBERON:0010858 {source="UBERON"} ! inter limb-segment region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010856 {source="UBERON"} ! patagium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010862 ! dactylopatagium
name: dactylopatagium
def: "An interdigital region that is part of a patagium." [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0006012 ! interdigital region
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010856 ! patagium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010863
name: dactylopatagium brevis
intersection_of: UBERON:0010862 ! dactylopatagium
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0001463 ! manual digit 1
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
def: "A dactylopatagium that is connected_to a manual digit 1 and connected_to a manual digit 2." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010864
name: dactylopatagium minus
intersection_of: UBERON:0010862 ! dactylopatagium
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003622 ! manual digit 2
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
def: "A dactylopatagium that is connected_to a manual digit 2 and connected_to a manual digit 3." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010865
name: dactylopatagium medius
is_a: UBERON:0010862 ! dactylopatagium
intersection_of: UBERON:0010862 ! dactylopatagium
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003623 ! manual digit 3
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
def: "A dactylopatagium that is connected_to a manual digit 3 and connected_to a manual digit 4." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010866
name: dactylopatagium major
is_a: UBERON:0010862 ! dactylopatagium
intersection_of: UBERON:0010862 ! dactylopatagium
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003624 ! manual digit 4
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003625 ! manual digit 5
def: "A dactylopatagium that is connected_to a manual digit 4 and connected_to a manual digit 5." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010867
name: plagiopatagium
def: "a flight membrane running between the body and the limb or digits.." [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html]
intersection_of: UBERON:0010862 ! dactylopatagium
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003625 ! manual digit 5
intersection_of: connected_to UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0010856 ! patagium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010868 ! uropropatagium
name: uropropatagium
def: "the membrane that is stretches between the legs of bats, used for flight, and in the case of insect-eating bats, for catching prey." [Wikipedia:Interfemoral_membrane]
synonym: "interfemoral membrane" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0010858 ! inter limb-segment region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010856 ! patagium
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010869
name: calcar
def: "a spur of cartilage arising from inner side of ankle and running along part of outer interfemoral membrane in bats" [Wikipedia:Calcar]
comment: Function notes: to help spread the interfemoral membrane which is part of the wing membrane between the tail and the hind legs.
synonym: "calcar spur" EXACT []
synonym: "calcaneum" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Calcar]
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010868 ! uropropatagium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010878
name: humeral patagium
is_a: UBERON:0010855 ! skin of forelimb wing

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010879
name: tusk
def: "Elongated, continuously growing front teeth, usually but not always in pairs, that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canines, as with warthogs, pig, and walruses, or, in the case of elephants and narwhals, elongated incisors. In most tusked species both the males and the females have tusks although the males are larger. Tusks are generally curved, though the narwhal's sole tusk is straight and has a helical structure. In the elephant, the tusks were originally second incisors. Continuous growth is enabled by formative tissues in the apical openings of the roots of the teeth" [Wikipedia:Tusk]
comment: Consider adding separate classes for incisor and canine tusks. E.g. narwhal tusk = left upper incisor[Kardong]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40151 ! Monodon monoceros
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:41426 ! Phacochoerus africanus
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9705 ! Odobenidae
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9823 ! Sus scrofa
xref: SCTID:54040005 ! Tusk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010880
name: gular fold
def: "A transverse fold of skin across the throat (Peters 1964)." [Wikipedia:Gular_fold, Wikipedia:Gular_skin, http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3414172&group_id=76834&atid=994764, http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/bio/glsry.htm]
is_a: UBERON:0010854 ! skin of front of neck
synonym: "throat sac" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gular_fold]
synonym: "gular sac" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gular_fold]
synonym: "gular skin" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gular_fold]
xref: AAO:0010238 ! gular fold
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9590 {notes="gular sac", source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang"} ! Symphalangus syndactylus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010881
name: limb bone cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005863 ! cartilaginous condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010882 ! limb bone pre-cartilage condensation
def: "A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a limb bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010882
name: limb bone pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: UBERON:0005866 ! pre-cartilage condensation
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! appendicular skeleton
def: "A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a limb bone." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012305
name: marginal cutaneous pouch of ear
def: "A fold of skin at the caudal border of the auricle." [ISBN:9783899930993]
synonym: "marginal cutaneous pouch" RELATED []
synonym: "cutaneous marginal pouch" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 ! pinna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010887
name: tragus
def: "a small pointed eminence of the external ear, situated in front of the concha, and projecting backward over the meatus." [Wikipedia:Tragus_(ear)]
comment: Taxon notes: The tragus is generally believed to play a role in vertical sound localization in bats
synonym: "tragal part of pinna" EXACT  [FMA:60998]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001757 {source="FMA"} ! pinna
xref: FMA:60998 ! tragus
xref: ncithesaurus:Tragus ! tragus
xref: SCTID:362541003 ! Entire tragus
xref: UMLS:C0229312

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010888
name: obsolete seta
def: "A hair-like unicellular external process of the body wall or any derivative of the latter; a hair; a bristle." [BTO:0004212]
comment: Obsoleted as the term 'seta' refers to a variety of different structures. For insect chaetae, consider the arthropod anatomy ontology.
synonym: "bristle" RELATED  [BTO:0004212]
synonym: "sensory bristle" RELATED [MIAA:0000152]
synonym: "chaeta" RELATED [MIAA:0000152]
is_obsolete: true
consider: INSECT:0000114
consider: BTO:0004212 ! seta
consider: MIAA:0000152 ! sensory bristle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010898
name: gastralium
def: "Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column." [VSAO:0000127, Wikipedia:Gastralium]
comment: These bones may have been derived from the ventral scales found in animals like rhipidistians, labyrinthodonts, and Acanthostega, and may be related to ventral elements of turtle plastrons[WP]
synonym: "abdominal rib" EXACT [VSAO:curator, ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "belly rib" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "gastralia" EXACT PLURAL  [VSAO:0000127]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="VSAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006635 {source="Kardong"} ! anterior abdominal wall
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002228 ! rib
xref: VSAO:0000127 ! gastralium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010907
name: parafibula
def: "third bone of the lower leg, normally restricted to the area of the knee, in multuberculates, monotremes and some therians" [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html#P]
is_a: UBERON:0005893 ! leg bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003823 ! hindlimb zeugopod
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:40674 {source="Palaeos"} ! Mammalia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010908
name: paraglossale
def: "in the avian hyoid apparatus, the arrowhead-shaped bone which forms the base of the tongue" [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html#P]
synonym: "paraglossale bone" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011011
name: brachioradialis
def: "Brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that acts to flex the forearm at the elbow. It is also capable of both pronation and supination, depending on the position of the forearm; for this reason it is also called \"the beer drinker muscle. \" It is attached to the distal styloid process of the radius by way of the brachioradialis tendon, and to the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus." [Wikipedia:Brachioradialis]
synonym: "brachioradialis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachioradialis]
xref: FMA:38485 ! brachioradialis
xref: SCTID:244989009 ! Entire brachioradialis muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001460 ! arm
relationship: innervated_by UBERON:0001492 {source="dbpedia"} ! radial nerve
synonym: "musculus brachioradialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachioradialis]
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001423 {source="dbpedia", notes="Distal radius"} ! radius bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus"} ! humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Brachioradialis.png

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011016
name: pyramidalis
synonym: "pyramidalis muscle" EXACT  [FMA:15568]
is_a: UBERON:0002461 {source="FMA"} ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
def: "The pyramidalis is a small and triangular muscle, anterior to the Rectus abdominis, and contained in the rectus sheath." [Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle]
synonym: "pyramidalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle]
xref: FMA:15568 ! pyramidalis
xref: ncithesaurus:Pyramidalis ! pyramidalis
synonym: "musculus pyramidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle]
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003699 {source="dbpedia", notes="pubic symphysis and pubic crest"} ! pubic symphysis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Gray397.png
xref: SCTID:244950003 ! Entire pyramidalis muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224374

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011025
name: aryepiglotticus muscle
def: "The aryepiglotticus is a muscle of the larynx running in the aryepiglottic fold from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis." [Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle]
synonym: "aryepiglottic" EXACT []
synonym: "aryepiglottic muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "aryepiglottus" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "aryepiglottus muscle" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "aryepiglotticus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle]
synonym: "ary-epiglottic part of oblique arytenoid" EXACT  [FMA:46602]
synonym: "aryepiglottic muscle" EXACT  [FMA:46602]
synonym: "pars aryepiglottica (musculus arytenoideus obliquus)" EXACT  [FMA:46602]
synonym: "pars aryepiglottica musculus arytenoidei obliqui" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
is_a: UBERON:0001568 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! muscle of larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008575 {source="FMA"} ! oblique arytenoid
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000388 ! epiglottis
xref: FMA:46602 ! aryepiglotticus
xref: ncithesaurus:Aryepiglottic_Muscle ! aryepiglottic muscle
synonym: "pars aryepiglottica musculi arytenoidei obliqui" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle]
synonym: "musculus aryepiglotticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Musculusarytenoideus.png
xref: SCTID:244818009 ! Entire aryepiglottic muscle
xref: UMLS:C0224177

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011049
name: uterovesical pouch
def: "The peritoneum over the rectum and the bladder is continued over the intestinal surface and fundus of the uterus on to its vesical surface, which it covers as far as the junction of the body and cervix uteri, and then to the bladder, forming here a second, but shallower, pouch, the vesicouterine excavation (or uterovesical pouch). The vesicouterine excavation is close to the anterior fornix of the vagina." [Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "excavatio vesiocuterina" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "vesicouterine" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "vesicouterine excavation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "vesicouterine pouch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch]
synonym: "excavatio vesico-uterina" EXACT  [FMA:14729]
synonym: "excavatio vesicouterina" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "vesico-uterine pouch" EXACT  [FMA:14729]
synonym: "vesicouterine pouch" EXACT  [FMA:14729]
xref: FMA:14729 ! uterovesical pouch
xref: ncithesaurus:Utero-Vesical_Pouch ! utero-vesical pouch
is_a: UBERON:0000158 ! membranous layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002358 ! peritoneum
synonym: "excavatio vesicouterina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vesico-uterine_pouch]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif
xref: SCTID:249806003 ! Entire vesicouterine pouch
xref: UMLS:C1519874

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011146
name: silk gland
def: "Any of the glands in silk-spinning insects and spiders that secrete a protein liquid that hardens into silk on exposure to air." [BTO:0001250]
is_a: UBERON:0002365 {source="BTO"} ! exocrine gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
intersection_of: secretes UBERON:0012245 ! silk
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
xref: BTO:0001250 ! silk gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012245 ! silk
name: silk
def: "A protein fiber composed mainly of fibroin and produced by certain arthropods[WP,modified]." [Wikipedia:Silk]
is_a: UBERON:0000463 {source="SPD"} ! portion of organism substance
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda
xref: SPD:0000318 ! silk structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011147
name: Verson's gland
def: "A gland found in the larvae of lepidoptera. Each gland is made of three cells: the secretory cell, the reservoir cell and the canal cell." []
is_a: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007376 ! outer epithelial layer
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:6656 ! Arthropoda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011149
name: Marshall's gland
def: "A paired hollow organ in the genito-urinary apparatus of Raja (and probably other skates and rays) whose cavity is fluid filled." [http://www.briancoad.com/Dictionary/Complete%20Dictionary.htm]
synonym: "alkaline gland" RELATED  [BTO:0001661]
is_a: UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001008 {source="BTO"} ! excretory system
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:7858 ! Rajiformes
xref: BTO:0001661 ! alkaline gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011245
name: infra-orbital canal of maxilla
def: "One of the canals of the orbital surface of the maxilla, the infraorbital canal, opens just below the margin of the orbit." [Wikipedia:Infraorbital_canal]
synonym: "infraorbital canal" BROAD [Wikipedia:Infraorbital_canal]
synonym: "canalis infra-orbitalis" EXACT LATIN  [FMA:59048]
synonym: "canalis infraorbitalis" EXACT LATIN  [FMA:59048]
synonym: "infra-orbital canal" BROAD [FMA:59048]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 {source="FMA"} ! cranial conduit
xref: FMA:59048 ! infra-orbital canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011266
name: obsolete tendon of auricularis superior
comment: Made obsolete as the ear muscle inserts into cartilage and aponeurosis without any intervening tendon
synonym: "auricularis superior tendon" EXACT  [FMA:53843]
xref: FMA:53843 ! tendon of auricularis superior
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011771
name: obsolete larval structure
def: "Anatomical structure that is part of the larva." [AAO:0000265]
is_obsolete: true
comment: Obsolete term in XAO - XAO:0003058
consider: AAO:0000265 ! larval structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011858
name: acinus of exocrine gland
synonym: "exocrine gland acinus" EXACT  []
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002365 ! exocrine gland
def: "An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011846
name: acinus of sebaceous gland
synonym: "sebaceous gland acinus" EXACT  [FMA:59657]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001821 ! sebaceous gland
xref: FMA:59657 ! acinus of sebaceous gland
def: "An acinus that is part of a sebaceous gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011847
name: acinus of parotid gland
synonym: "parotid gland acinus" EXACT  [FMA:59863]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001831 ! parotid gland
xref: FMA:59863 ! acinus of parotid gland
xref: SCTID:46926004 ! Acinus of parotid gland
def: "An acinus that is part of a parotid gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011850
name: acinus of salivary gland
synonym: "salivary gland acinus" EXACT  [FMA:59870]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001044 ! salivary gland
xref: FMA:59870 ! acinus of salivary gland
def: "An acinus that is part of a salivary gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011854
name: acinus of areolar gland
synonym: "areolar gland acinus" EXACT  [FMA:62081]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0011827 ! areolar gland
xref: FMA:62081 ! acinus of areolar gland
def: "An acinus that is part of a areolar gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011856
name: acinus of lactiferous gland
synonym: "lactiferous gland acinus" EXACT  [FMA:74438]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001911 ! mammary gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001912 ! lobule of lactiferous gland
xref: FMA:74438 ! acinus of lactiferous gland
def: "An acinus that is part of a mammary gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011857
name: acinus of lacrimal gland
synonym: "lacrimal gland acinus" EXACT  [FMA:85250]
intersection_of: UBERON:0009842 ! acinus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001817 ! lacrimal gland
xref: FMA:85250 ! acinus of lacrimal gland
def: "An acinus that is part of a lacrimal gland." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011860 ! collagen fibril
name: collagen fibril
comment: Note the FMA class specifically refers to ureter // see also: UBERON:0007377 ! stratum compactum
is_a: UBERON:0000476 {source="ZFA"} ! acellular anatomical structure
relationship: composed_primarily_of GO:0005581 ! collagen
xref: FMA:63212 ! collagen fibril
xref: MESH:D12.776.860.300.250.300 ! fibrillar collagen 
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao7547390221 ! Collagen Fibril

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011861
name: aorta collagen fibril
def: "the connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of aorta tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity" [MP:0011640]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011860 ! collagen fibril
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004664 ! aorta tunica adventitia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011862
name: pulmonary collagen fibril
def: "the connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity" [MP:0011641]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011860 ! collagen fibril
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002048 ! lung

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011863
name: bone collagen fibril
def: "the connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity" [MP:0011642]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011860 ! collagen fibril
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011864
name: tendon collagen fibril
def: "the connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of tendon tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity" [MP:0011643]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011860 ! collagen fibril
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000043 ! tendon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011865
name: corneal stroma collagen fibril
def: "the connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity" [MP:0011650]
intersection_of: UBERON:0011860 ! collagen fibril
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001777 ! substantia propria of cornea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011879
name: mesorchium
def: "The testes, at an early period of fetal life, are placed at the back part of the abdominal cavity, behind the peritoneum, and each is attached by a peritoneal fold, the mesorchium, to the mesonephros." [Wikipedia:Mesorchium]
is_a: UBERON:0000481 {source="AAO"} ! multi-tissue structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003135 {source="EMAPA"} ! male reproductive organ
xref: AAO:0010530 ! mesorchium
xref: EMAPA:17971 ! mesorchium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011959
name: glenoid labrum of scapula
def: "a ring of fibrocartilage attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity of the scapula." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=47475, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenoid_labrum]
comment: Consider classifying as 'annulus fibrosus'
is_a: UBERON:0007844 {source="FMA"} ! cartilage element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001470 {source="FMA"} ! glenohumeral joint
synonym: "labrum glenoidale scapulae" RELATED [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=47475]
synonym: "labrum glenoidale" EXACT LATIN []
synonym: "glenoidal labrum" BROAD []
synonym: "glenoid labrum" BROAD []
synonym: "glenoidal labrum of scapula" EXACT []
synonym: "glenoidal labrum of glenohumeral joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23290 ! glenoid labrum of scapula
xref: SCTID:182391008 ! Entire labrum glenoidale

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011960
name: articular capsule of glenohumeral joint
def: "The articular capsule of the humerus is the articular capsule of the shoulder joint. It completely encircles the joint, being attached, above, to the circumference of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum; below, to the anatomical neck of the humerus, approaching nearer to the articular cartilage above than in the rest of its extent. It is thicker above and below than elsewhere, and is so remarkably loose and lax, that it has no action in keeping the bones in contact, but allows them to be separated from each other more than 2.5 cm. , an evident provision for that extreme freedom of movement which is peculiar to this articulation. It is strengthened, above, by the Supraspinatus; below, by the long head of the Triceps brachii; behind, by the tendons of the Infraspinatus and Teres minor; and in front, by the tendon of the Subscapularis.[WP,unvetted]" [Wikipedia:Articular_capsule_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "articular capsule of shoulder joint" EXACT  []
synonym: "capsule of shoulder joint" EXACT  [FMA:34944]
synonym: "fibrous capsule of glenohumeral joint" EXACT  [FMA:34944]
synonym: "articular capsule of humerus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Articular_capsule_of_the_humerus]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001484 ! articular capsule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001470 ! glenohumeral joint
xref: FMA:34944 ! articular capsule of glenohumeral joint
xref: SCTID:361836001 ! Entire capsule of shoulder joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011961
name: articular capsule of hip joint
def: "The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is strong and dense. Above, it is attached to the margin of the acetabulum 5 to 6 mm. beyond the glenoidal labrum behind; but in front, it is attached to the outer margin of the labrum, and, opposite to the notch where the margin of the cavity is deficient, it is connected to the transverse ligament, and by a few fibers to the edge of the obturator foramen. It surrounds the neck of the femur, and is attached, in front, to the intertrochanteric line; above, to the base of the neck; behind, to the neck, about 1.25 cm. above the intertrochanteric crest; below, to the lower part of the neck, close to the lesser trochanter. From its femoral attachment some of the fibers are reflected upward along the neck as longitudinal bands, termed retinacula. The capsule is much thicker at the upper and forepart of the joint, where the greatest amount of resistance is required; behind and below, it is thin and loose. It consists of two sets of fibers, circular and longitudinal. The circular fibers, zona orbicularis, are most abundant at the lower and back part of the capsule, and form a sling or collar around the neck of the femur. Anteriorly they blend with the deep surface of the iliofemoral ligament, and gain an attachment to the anterior inferior iliac spine. The longitudinal fibers are greatest in amount at the upper and front part of the capsule, where they are reinforced by distinct bands, or accessory ligaments, of which the most important is the iliofemoral ligament. The other accessory bands are known as the pubocapsular and the ischiocapsular ligaments. The external surface of the capsule is rough, covered by numerous muscles, and separated in front from the Psoas major and Iliacus by a bursa, which not infrequently communicates by a circular aperture with the cavity of the joint." [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_hip_joint]
synonym: "fibrous capsule of hip joint" EXACT  [FMA:42821]
synonym: "capsule of hip joint" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_hip_joint]
synonym: "articular capsule" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_hip_joint]
synonym: "capsular ligament" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_hip_joint]
synonym: "capsula articularis coxae" EXACT LATIN  [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_hip_joint]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001484 ! articular capsule
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001486 ! hip joint
xref: FMA:42821 ! articular capsule of hip joint
xref: SCTID:263382006 ! Entire capsule of hip joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011962
name: transverse tarsal joint
def: "The transverse tarsal joint is formed by the articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid, and the articulation of the talus with the navicular. The movement which takes place in this joint is more extensive than that in the other tarsal joints, and consists of a sort of rotation by means of which the foot may be slightly flexed or extended, the sole being at the same time carried medially (inverted) or laterally." [Wikipedia:Transverse_tarsal_joint]
synonym: "chopart's joint" EXACT  [FMA:35201]
synonym: "midtarsal joint " EXACT  [Wikipedia:Transverse_tarsal_joint]
synonym: "articulatio tarsi transversa" EXACT  [Wikipedia:Transverse_tarsal_joint]
is_a: UBERON:0011139 {source="FMA"} ! synovial limb joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002387 ! pes
xref: FMA:35201 ! transverse tarsal joint
xref: SCTID:182220000 ! Entire midtarsal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011963
name: talocalcaneonavicular joint
def: "The talocalcaneonavicular articulation is an arthrodial joint: the rounded head of the talus being received into the concavity formed by the posterior surface of the navicular, the anterior articular surface of the calcaneus, and the upper surface of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament. There are two ligaments in this joint: the articular capsule and the dorsal talonavicular." [Wikipedia:Talocalcaneonavicular_articulation]
synonym: "talocalcaneonavicular articulation" EXACT [Wikipedia:Talocalcaneonavicular_articulation]
synonym: "articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Talocalcaneonavicular_articulation]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001450 ! calcaneus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of pes
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002395 ! talus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011962 {source="FMA-modified"} ! transverse tarsal joint
xref: FMA:35204 ! talocalcaneonavicular joint
xref: SCTID:182211009 ! Entire talocalcaneonavicular joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011964
name: calcaneocuboid joint
def: "Calcaneocuboid Articulation (articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid). The ligaments connecting the calcaneus with the cuboid are five in number, viz. , the articular capsule, the dorsal calcaneocuboid, part of the bifurcated, the long plantar, and the plantar calcaneocuboid." [Wikipedia:Calcaneocuboid_articulation]
synonym: "calcaneocuboid articulation" EXACT [Wikipedia:Calcaneocuboid_articulation]
synonym: "calcaneocuboidal joint" EXACT []
synonym: "articulatio calcaneocubiodea" EXACT LATIN  [FMA:35207]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001450 ! calcaneus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001455 ! cuboid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011962 {source="FMA-modified"} ! transverse tarsal joint
xref: FMA:35207 ! calcaneocuboid joint
xref: SCTID:361866008 ! Entire calcaneocuboidal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011965 ! saddle joint
name: saddle joint
def: "In a saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex." [Wikipedia:Saddle_joint]
synonym: "articulation by reciprocal reception" RELATED [Wikipedia:Saddle_joint]
synonym: "sellar joint" EXACT [Wikipedia:Saddle_joint]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
xref: FMA:75298 ! saddle joint
xref: SCTID:23059003 ! Entire sellar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011966
name: manubriosternal joint
def: "the early union, by hyaline cartilage, of the manubrium and the body of the sternum, which later becomes a symphysial type of joint." [Wikipedia:Sternal_angle, http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=46395]
synonym: "angle of louis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternal_angle]
synonym: "angulus ludovici" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternal_angle]
synonym: "manubriosternal joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternal_angle]
synonym: "manubriosternal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternal_angle]
synonym: "manubro-sterno junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternal_angle]
synonym: "angulus sterni" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternal_angle]
synonym: "angulus sternalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternal_angle]
synonym: "manubriosternal symphysis" EXACT  [FMA:7502]
is_a: UBERON:0002216 {source="FMA"} ! symphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006820 ! body of sternum
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002205 ! manubrium of sternum
xref: FMA:7502 ! manubriosternal joint
xref: SCTID:263312002 ! Entire manubriosternal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011967
name: costotransverse joint
def: "The facet of the tubercle of the rib forms an articulation with the adjacent transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. This is a plane type synovial joint called the costotransverse joint. This articulation is present in all but the eleventh and twelfth ribs. Ribs 1 to 10 have two joints in close proximity posteriorly; the costovertebral joints and the costotranseverse joints. This arrangement restrains the motion of the ribs allowing them to work in a parallel fashion during breathing. If a typical rib had only one joint posteriorly the resultant swivel action would allow a rib to be non-parallel with respect to the neighboring ribs making for a very inefficient respiratory mechanism. The ventral rami innervate the costotransverse joints. Therefore, therapeutic medial branch blocks are ineffectual. The ligaments of the joint are: Articular capsule Posterior costotransverse Anterior costotransverse Ligament of the neck of the rib Ligament of the tubercle of the rib" [Wikipedia:Costotransverse_joint]
synonym: "costotransverse articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Costotransverse_joint]
is_a: UBERON:0002292 {source="FMA"} ! costovertebral joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003252 {source="FMA"} ! rib cage
xref: FMA:7952 ! costotransverse joint
xref: SCTID:263328007 ! Entire costotransverse joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011985
name: infraorbital sinus
def: "an air-filled recess in the head of birds which lies lateral to the nasal cavity into which it opens" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infraorbital+sinus]
synonym: "sinus infraorbitalis" EXACT LATIN []
is_a: UBERON:0001825 ! paranasal sinus
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8782 ! Aves

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011986
name: mucosa of infraorbital sinus
synonym: "infraorbital sinus mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0011985
def: "A mucosa that adjacent_to a infraorbital sinus." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012116 ! nutrient foramen conduit
name: nutrient foramen conduit
def: "any of the passages admitting nutrient vessels to the medullary cavity of bone" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nutrient+foramen]
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012117
name: lumen of nutrient foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0012116 ! nutrient foramen conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012116 ! nutrient foramen conduit
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002484 ! bone marrow cavity
xref: FMA:75304 ! nutrient foramen
xref: SCTID:29288001 ! Nutrient foramen
synonym: "nutrient foramen" EXACT [FMA:75304]
synonym: "nutrient foramina" EXACT PLURAL []
def: "An anatomical space that is part of a nutrient foramen conduit, leading to the medullary cavity of the bone." [UBERON:cjm]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010175
name: nutrient foramen vein
def: "a vein or veins draining a bone and emerging from a nutrient foramen." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=97392]
synonym: "nutrient vein" EXACT [FMA:50780]
is_a: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
xref: FMA:50780 ! nutrient vein
synonym: "vena nutricia" RELATED LATIN []

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010176
name: nutrient foramen artery  
def: "The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals." [Wikipedia:Nutrient_artery]
is_a: UBERON:0004573 {source="FMA"} ! systemic artery
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001474 ! bone element
synonym: "nutrient artery" EXACT [FMA:50779]
xref: FMA:50779 ! nutrient artery
xref: SCTID:337318006 ! Entire nutrient artery
xref: ncithesaurus:Nutrient_Artery ! nutrient artery
synonym: "aretria nutricia" RELATED LATIN []
synonym: "a. nutricia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nutrient_artery]
synonym: "a. nutriens" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nutrient_artery]
xref: UMLS:C0278431

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012168
name: umbilical cord blood
def: "blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cord_blood]
comment: Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells, which can be used to treat hematopoietic and genetic disorders.[WP]
synonym: "cord blood" RELATED  [BTO:0004053]
synonym: "fetal blood" RELATED  [MESH:A12.207.152.200]
synonym: "umbilical cord blood" RELATED  [MESH:A12.207.152.200]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000178 ! blood
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0001310 ! umbilical artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000323 ! late embryo
xref: BTO:0004053 ! umbilical cord blood
xref: EFO:0001942 ! umbilical cord blood
xref: MESH:A12.207.152.200 ! fetal blood
xref: CALOHA:TS-1079 ! Umbilical cord blood

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012177
name: skin apocrine gland
is_a: UBERON:0002419 {source="MA"} ! skin gland
intersection_of: UBERON:0008974 ! apocrine gland
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002097 ! skin of body
xref: MA:0000147 ! skin apocrine gland
def: "An apocrine gland that is part of a skin of body." [OBOL:automatic]

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012179
name: bone of pelvis
comment: In MA, this is the superclass of the 3 innominate elements (pelvic girdle bones) and caudal and sacral vertebrae. This class is included to ensure consistency across anatomical ontologies
is_a: UBERON:0003828 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002355 {source="MA"} ! pelvis
xref: MA:0000532 ! pelvis bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012180
name: head or neck skin
xref: ncithesaurus:Skin_of_the_Scalp_and_Neck
intersection_of: UBERON:0000014 ! zone of skin
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007811 ! craniocervical region
xref: MA:0000574 ! head or neck skin
def: "A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: UMLS:C1522650

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012181
name: tonsil crypt
def: "Tonsils consist of an extensive system of crypts, which result in a large internal surface. The tonsils contain four lymphoid compartments that influence immune functions, namely the reticular crypt epithelium, the extrafollicular area, the mantle zones of lymphoid follicles, and the follicular germinal centers. In human palatine tonsils, the very first part exposed to the outside environment is tonsillar epithelium." [Wikipedia:Tonsillar_crypts]
xref: ncithesaurus:Tonsillar_Crypt
is_a: UBERON:0000483 {source="cjm"} ! epithelium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002372 {source="MA"} ! tonsil
xref: MA:0000777 ! tonsil crypt
xref: FMA:55044 ! tonsillar crypt
synonym: "tonsillar crypt" EXACT [FMA:55044]
synonym: "cryptae tonsillares" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Tonsillar_crypts]
xref: SCTID:143723007 ! Entire tonsillar crypt
xref: UMLS:C0229876

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012184
name: obsolete tunica vasculosa plexus
def: "." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3580301&group_id=76834&atid=1205376]
comment: obsolete term deriving from MA to NCITA mappings. 
is_obsolete: true ! in hyaloid cavity in MA, testes in NCITA
consider: MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus
consider: ncithesaurus:Tunica_Vasculosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012186
name: ovary growing follicle
xref: ncithesaurus:Growing_Follicle
is_a: UBERON:0001305 {source="MA"} ! ovarian follicle
xref: MA:0001708 ! ovary growing follicle
xref: UMLS:C1512279

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012187
name: frontal artery
def: "The supratrochlear artery (or frontal artery), one of the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery, branches off where the ophthalmic travels posterior to the trochlea." [Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery]
synonym: "a supratrochlearis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery]
synonym: "frontal arteries" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery]
synonym: "frontal artery" RELATED [Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery]
synonym: "supratrochlear artery" EXACT [FMA:50025]
xref: ncithesaurus:Frontal_Artery
is_a: UBERON:0001637 {source="MA"} ! artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001619 {source="FMA"} ! ophthalmic artery
xref: MA:0001960 ! frontal artery
relationship: branch_of UBERON:0001619 {source="FMA"} ! ophthalmic artery
xref: FMA:50025 ! supratrochlear artery
xref: SCTID:369332005 ! Entire supratrochlear artery
xref: UMLS:C1708100

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012198 ! intercostal space
name: intercostal space
def: "Space of compartment of trunk bounded by the upper and lower surfaces of two consecutive ribs." [FMA:12243, Wikipedia:Intercostal_space]
xref: FMA:12243 ! intercostal space
xref: SCTID:243937005 ! Entire intercostal space
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012197 ! intercostal vein
name: intercostal vein
def: "The intercostal veins are a group of veins which drain the area between the ribs." [Wikipedia:Intercostal_veins]
xref: EMAPA:18762 ! intercostal vein
xref: SCTID:281057004  ! Entire intercostal vein
intersection_of: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0012198 ! intercostal space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012199
name: posterior intercostal vein
def: "The posterior intercostal veins are veins that drain the intercostal spaces posteriorly. They run with their corresponding posterior intercostal artery on the underside of the rib, the vein superior to the artery. Each vein also gives off a dorsal branch that drains blood from the muscles of the back. There are eleven posterior intercostal veins on each side. Their patterns are variable, but they are commonly arranged as: The 1st posterior intercostal vein, supreme intercostal vein, drains into the brachiocephalic vein or the vertebral vein. The 2nd and 3rd (and often 4th) posterior intercostal veins drain into the superior intercostal vein. The remaining posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygos vein on the right, or the hemiazygos vein on the left." [Wikipedia:Posterior_intercostal_veins]
synonym: "venae intercostalis posterior" EXACT LATIN  [FMA:4858]
xref: FMA:4858 ! posterior intercostal vein
xref: SCTID:89209000 ! Entire posterior intercostal vein
is_a: UBERON:0012197 ! intercostal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012200
name: anterior intercostal vein
def: "The anterior intercostal veins are the veins which drain the anterior intercostal space." [Wikipedia:Anterior_intercostal_veins]
xref: FMA:12831 ! anterior intercostal vein
xref: SCTID:15546000 ! Entire anterior intercostal vein
is_a: UBERON:0012197 ! intercostal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012194 ! superior intercostal vein
name: superior intercostal vein
def: "The superior intercostal veins are two veins that drain the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces, one vein for each side of the body." [Wikipedia:Superior_intercostal_vein]
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Intercostal_Vein
is_a: UBERON:0012197 ! intercostal vein
xref: MA:0002226 ! superior intercostal vein
xref: UMLS:C1515066

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012195
name: left superior intercostal vein
is_a: UBERON:0012194 ! superior intercostal vein
xref: FMA:4797 ! left superior intercostal vein
xref: SCTID:27297006 ! Entire left superior intercostal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012196
name: right superior intercostal vein
is_a: UBERON:0012194 ! superior intercostal vein
xref: FMA:4877 ! right superior intercostal vein
xref: SCTID:80721005 ! Entire right superior intercostal vein

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012236
name: intercostal lymph node
def: "The intercostal lymph nodes (intercostal glands ) occupy the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces, in relation to the intercostal vessels. They receive the deep lymphatics from the postero-lateral aspect of the chest; some of these vessels are interrupted by small lateral intercostal glands." [Wikipedia:Intercostal_lymph_nodes]
synonym: "intercostal node" EXACT  [FMA:5932]
synonym: "nodus intercostale" EXACT  [FMA:5932]
synonym: "nodi lymphoidei intercostales" EXACT [Wikipedia:Intercostal_lymph_nodes]
is_a: UBERON:0007644 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic lymph node
intersection_of: UBERON:0000029 ! lymph node
intersection_of: located_in UBERON:0012198 ! intercostal space
xref: FMA:5932 ! intercostal lymph node
xref: ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Lymph_Node ! intercostal lymph node
xref: SCTID:204088001 ! Entire intercostal lymphatics
xref: UMLS:C0229761

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012284
name: animal hemisphere
synonym: "animal pole" RELATED []
synonym: "animal pole of zygote" NARROW []
synonym: "animal pole of blastomere" NARROW []
comment: The animal pole consists of small cells that divide rapidly, in contrast with the vegetal pole below it.[WP] Note the XAO class is specific to the zygote.
is_a: UBERON:0012286 ! hemisphere of embryo
subset: early_development
xref: AAO:0010325
xref: XAO:0000202 ! animal hemisphere

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012285
name: vegetal hemisphere
synonym: "vegetal pole" RELATED []
synonym: "vegetal pole of zygote" NARROW []
synonym: "vegetal pole of blastomere" NARROW []
comment: The vegetal pole contains large yolky cells that divide very slowly, in contrast with the animal pole above it.[WP]
is_a: UBERON:0012286 ! hemisphere of embryo
subset: early_development
xref: AAO:0010331
xref: XAO:0000280 ! vegetal hemisphere

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012286 ! hemisphere of embryo
name: hemisphere of embryo
def: "One of two hemispheres of the embryo at the zygote or blastula stage[WP,modified]" [Wikipedia:Polarity_in_embryogenesis, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/153]
synonym: "pole of embryo" RELATED []
comment: Usage notes: Like many of the early_development classes in this ontology, this class requires review for its applicability across vertebrates. See the tracker item for further discussion.
subset: early_development
is_a: UBERON:0002050 ! embryonic structure
relationship: existence_starts_during UBERON:0000106 {source="XAO"} ! zygote stage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Oocyte_Poles.jpg/180px-Oocyte_Poles.jpg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012477
name: dorsal part of neck
def: "The back of the neck." [BTO:0000957]
synonym: "neck back" EXACT  [FMA:24189]
synonym: "nucha" EXACT  [FMA:24189]
synonym: "nuchal region" EXACT  [FMA:24189]
synonym: "posterior cervical region" EXACT  [FMA:24189]
synonym: "posterior neck region" EXACT  [FMA:24189]
synonym: "posterior part of neck" EXACT  [FMA:24189]
synonym: "regio cervicalis posterior" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "nape" BROAD [BTO:0000957]
synonym: "nape of neck" EXACT []
synonym: "back of neck" EXACT [FMA:24189]
is_a: UBERON:0005434 {source="FMA"} ! cervical region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001137 {source="FMA"} ! dorsum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000974 {source="FMA"} ! neck
xref: FMA:24189 ! back of neck
xref: SCTID:304036007 ! Cervical region back structure
xref: SCTID:182326009 ! Nape of neck
xref: BTO:0000957 ! nape
property_value: has_relational_adjective "nuchal" xsd:string


[Term]
id: UBERON:0012480
name: cloacal mucosa
alt_id: UBERON:0003349
def: "A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cloacal mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "cloaca mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "cloaca mucosa of organ" EXACT []
synonym: "cloaca mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "cloaca organ mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "mucosa of cloaca" EXACT []
synonym: "mucosa of organ of cloaca" EXACT []
synonym: "mucous membrane of cloaca" EXACT []
synonym: "organ mucosa of cloaca" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000344 ! mucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012481
name: cloacal epithelium
def: "An epithelium that is part of a cloaca." []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012482
name: submucosa of cloaca
def: "A submucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cloacal submucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "cloaca submucosa" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000009 ! submucosa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012483
name: serosa of cloaca
def: "A serous membrane that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cloacal serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "cloaca serosa" EXACT []
synonym: "cloaca serous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "serous membrane of cloaca" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral peritoneum of cloaca" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000042 ! serous membrane
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012485
name: cloacal villus
synonym: "cloacal villi" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0004923 {source="FMA"} ! organ component layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012486
name: muscle layer of cloaca
synonym: "muscularis externa of cloaca" EXACT []
synonym: "smooth muscle of cloaca" RELATED []
intersection_of: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000162 ! cloaca

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012520
name: forelimb epitrochlearis muscle
def: "The superficial-most muscle of the anterior surface of the arm is the epitrochlearis.  It has no homolog in humans." [http://biology.clc.uc.edu]
synonym: "wing epitrochlearis muscle" NARROW SENSU [NCBITaxon:8782, OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0003662 {source="BTO"} ! forelimb muscle
relationship: never_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9606 ! Homo sapiens
xref: BTO:0000423 ! epitrochlearis
synonym: "epitrochlearis" EXACT [BTO:0000423]


[Term]
id: UBERON:0012615
name: umbilical smooth muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002331 ! umbilical cord
xref: BTO:0001847 ! umbilical smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012648
name: ampulla of uterine tube
def: "The ampulla is the second portion of the uterine tube. It is an intermediate dilated portion, which curves over the ovary. It is the most common site of human fertilization. The word ampulla is from the Latin for flask." [Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_uterine_tube]
synonym: "ampulla of fallopian tube" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_uterine_tube]
synonym: "ampulla of the fallopian tube" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_uterine_tube]
synonym: "ampulla of uterine tube" RELATED  [BTO:0004285]
synonym: "ampulla of fallopian tube" EXACT  [FMA:18305]
synonym: "ampulla of oviduct" EXACT  [FMA:18305]
synonym: "uterine tube ampulla" EXACT  [FMA:18305]
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003889 {source="FMA"} ! fallopian tube
xref: FMA:18305 ! ampulla of uterine tube
xref: SCTID:245497001 ! Entire ampulla of fallopian tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012649
name: anococcygeus muscle
def: "One of a pair of thin sheets of smooth muscle inserting on the rectum, having a tendinous origin largely on sacral vertebrae." [PMID:9071980]
synonym: "anococcygeus" EXACT [MA:0001533]
synonym: "AcM" RELATED ABBREVIATION [PMID:9071980]
is_a: UBERON:0004231 {source="MA"} ! anal region smooth muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001052 ! rectum
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
xref: MA:0001533 ! anococcygeus
xref: BTO:0005150 ! anococcygeus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013069
name: popliteal area
def: "The popliteal fossa is a space or shallow depression located at the back of the knee-joint. The bones of the popliteal fossa are the femur and the tibia. Colloquially, it is referred to as a \"knee pit.\"" [Wikipedia:Popliteal_fossa]
comment: a depression on the ventral side of the femur, between the condyles, presumably related in some fashion to the popliteal nerve and/or artery.[Palaeos]
xref: FMA:22525 ! popliteal fossa
synonym: "popliteal fossa" EXACT [FMA:22525]
synonym: "popliteal space" RELATED []
synonym: "popliteal region" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
xref: http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/images/popliteal.gif
xref: SCTID:362791002 ! Entire popliteal region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013131
name: lobe of tail
synonym: "fluke" NARROW []
synonym: "tail fluke" NARROW []
is_a: UBERON:0000064 ! organ part
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007812 ! post-anal tail

[Term]
id: UBERON:0012111
alt_id: UBERON:0013134 ! interdental space
name: diastema
def: "A space or gap between two teeth. Many species of mammals have diastemata as a normal feature, most commonly between the incisors and molars." [Wikipedia:Diastema_(dentistry)]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001091 {cardinality="2"} ! calcareous tooth
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw skeleton
synonym: "diastemata" RELATED PLURAL  []
synonym: "interdental space" EXACT  []
xref: FMA:77271 ! diastema
xref: SCTID:410003009 ! Entire interdental space

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013135
name: interdental plate
def: "The interdental plate refers to the bone-filled mesial-distal region between the teeth" [Wikipedia:Interdental_plate]
comment: Taxon notes: In paleobiology, the presence or absence of the interdental plate can determine the place of an animal in the evolutionary scale, and paleontologists use the interdental plate when trying to classify a new specimen. Thecodont reptiles and theropod dinosaur fossils have an interdental plate, whereas acrodont reptiles such as Sphenodontia do not.[3] Its presence in Archaeopteryx, an extinct avian, resulted in the proposal of the dinosaur-bird connection[WP]
intersection_of: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0012111 ! diastema
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013191
name: ovarian cortex
def: "The outer layer of the ovary, composed of cellular connective tissue which contains the ovarian follicles" [ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Cortex]
synonym: "cortex of ovary" EXACT  [FMA:18613]
synonym: "cortex ovarii (zona parenchymatosa)" EXACT  [FMA:18613]
intersection_of: UBERON:0001851 ! cortex
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
xref: FMA:18613 ! ovarian cortex
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Cortex ! ovarian cortex
xref: UMLS:C0227878

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013192
name: ovarian medulla
def: "The medulla of ovary (or Zona vasculosa of Waldeyer) is a highly vascular stroma in the center of the ovary. It forms from embryonic mesenchyme and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. This stroma forms the tissue of the hilum by which the ovarian ligament is attached, and through which the blood vessels enter: it does not contain any ovarian follicles." [Wikipedia:Medulla_of_ovary]
comment: composed of loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves[NCIT]
synonym: "zona vasculosa of Waldeyer" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medulla_of_ovary]
synonym: "medulla of ovary" EXACT  [FMA:18616]
synonym: "medulla ovarii (zona vasculosa)" EXACT  [FMA:18616]
intersection_of: UBERON:0000958 ! medulla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000992 ! female gonad
xref: FMA:18616 ! ovarian medulla
xref: ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Medulla ! ovarian medulla
xref: UMLS:C0227879

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011255
name: Eimer's organ
def: "sensory organs in which the epidermis is modified to form bulbous papillae. present in many moles, and are particularly common in the star-nosed mole, which bears 30,000 of them on its unique tentacled snout. The organs are formed from a stack of epidermal cells, which is innervated by nerve processes from myelinated fibers in the dermis, which form terminal swellings just below the outer keratinized layer of epidermis. They contain a Merkel cell-neurite complex in the epidermis and a lamellated corpuscle in the dermal connective tissue." [Wikipedia:Eimer's_organ]
is_a: UBERON:0000020 {source="Wikipedia"} ! sense organ
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003719 ! Pacinian corpuscle
relationship: has_part CL:0000242 ! Merkel cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000412 ! dermal papilla
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9373 ! Talpidae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013206
name: nasal tentacle
def: "A fleshy appendage ringing the snout of a Star-nosed mole." [Wikipedia:Star-nosed_mole]
is_a: UBERON:0000021 ! cutaneous appendage
relationship: has_part UBERON:0011255 ! Eimer's organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:9373 ! Talpidae
relationship: confers_advantage_in ENVO:00000572 ! subterrestrial habitat

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013208
name: Grueneberg ganglion
def: "An olfactory ganglion at the entrance of the nose of mammals that is involved in the detection of alarm pheromones and cold temperatures. The ganglion was first described by Hans GrC<neberg in 1973." [Wikipedia:Gr%C3%BCneberg_ganglion]
synonym: "Grüneberg ganglion" EXACT []
synonym: "Gruneberg ganglion" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000045 ! ganglion
relationship: located_in UBERON:0001826 ! nasal cavity mucosa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000004 ! olfactory apparatus
relationship: has_function_in GO:0043695 ! detection of pheromone
relationship: has_function_in GO:0016048 ! detection of temperature stimulus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013219
name: parotoid gland
def: "The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of toads and some frogs and salamanders. It secretes a milky alkaloid substance to deter predators. The substance produced acts as a neurotoxin. Parotoid glands are sometimes said to be wart-like in appearance, though warts are abnormal growths caused by viral infections while parotoid glands are normal, healthy parts of the animals that bear them. The vague similarity in appearance, however, is the reason behind the mistaken belief that touching a toad causes warts." [Wikipedia:Parotoid_gland]
synonym: "paratoid gland" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002530 ! gland
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:8292 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Amphibia
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001831 ! parotid gland

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013403
name: asterion of skull
def: "The asterion is the point on the skull corresponding to the posterior end of the parietomastoid suture." [Wikipedia:Asterion_(anatomy)]
synonym: "asterion" RELATED  [Wikipedia:Asterion_(anatomy)]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Asterion.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0006983 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:76625 ! asterion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013406
name: bregma
def: "The bregma is the anatomical point on the skull at which the coronal suture is intersected perpendicularly by the sagittal suture." [Wikipedia:Bregma]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Kort-lang-skalle.gif
is_a: UBERON:0006983 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical point
relationship: connects UBERON:0002489 ! coronal suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0002492 ! sagittal suture
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:264776 ! bregma
property_value: external_definition "Anatomical cranial point  where the coronal and sagittal suture lines intersect[FMA:264776]." xsd:string {source="FMA:264776"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013411
name: cranial cavity
def: "The cranial cavity, or intracranial space, is the space formed inside the skull. The brain occupies the cranial cavity, which is lined by the meninges and which contains cerebrospinal fluid to cushion blows. Eight fused cranial bones together form the cranial cavity: the frontal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid bones, and two each of the parietal and temporal bones. The capacity of an adult human cranial cavity is 1,200-1,700 cm." [Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Scheme_body_cavities-en.svg
synonym: "intracranial cavity" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity]
synonym: "intracranial space" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cranial_cavity]
intersection_of: UBERON:0002553 ! anatomical cavity
intersection_of: enclosed_by UBERON:0003129 ! skull
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:9644 ! cranial cavity
xref: SCTID:264452006 ! Entire cranial cavity
xref: ncithesaurus:Cranial_Cavity ! cranial cavity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013412
name: crotaphion
def: "The crotaphion refers to two points on the skull at the tips of the greater wing of sphenoid bone. It is near the pterion." [Wikipedia:Crotaphion]
is_a: UBERON:0006983 ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013417
name: epicranium
def: "The Epicranium is the medical term for the collection of structures covering the cranium. It consists of the muscles, aponeurosis, and skin." [Wikipedia:Epicranium]
comment: todo - add parts
is_a: UBERON:0000477 ! anatomical cluster
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000033 ! head
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: SCTID:362625008 ! Entire epicranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013420
name: groove for sigmoid sinus
def: "Groove for Sigmoid Sinus is a groove in the posterior cranial fossa." [Wikipedia:Groove_for_sigmoid_sinus]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png
is_a: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008788 ! posterior cranial fossa
xref: FMA:57122 ! groove for sigmoid sinus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013422
name: infratemporal fossa
def: "The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity, situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch. Boundaries defined by: anteriorly, by the infratemporal surface of the maxilla and the ridge which descends from its zygomatic process posteriorly, by the articular tubercle of the temporal and the spinal angularis of the sphenoid superiorly, by the greater wing of the sphenoid below the infratemporal crest, and by the under surface of the temporal squama, containing the foramen ovale, which transmits the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, and the foramen spinosum, which transmits the middle meningeal artery inferiorly, by the medial pterygoid muscle attaching to the mandible medially, by the lateral pterygoid plate laterally, by the ramus of mandible, which contains the mandibular foramen, leading to the mandibular canal through which the inferior alveolar nerve passes. This also contains the lingula, a triangular piece of bone that overlies the mandibular foramen antero-medially. Finally, the mylohyoid groove descends obliquely transmitting the mylohyoid nerve the only motor branch of the anterior division of the trigeminal nerve." [Wikipedia:Infratemporal_fossa]
synonym: "fossa infratemporalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infratemporal_fossa]
synonym: "infratemporal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infratemporal_fossa]
synonym: "pterygomaxillary fossa" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infratemporal_fossa]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:75308 ! infratemporal fossa
xref: SCTID:260616009 ! Entire infratemporal fossa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013423
name: jugal point
def: "The jugal point is the point at the anterior end of the upper border of the zygomatic arch where the masseteric and maxillary edges meet at an angle. The \"Jugal Point\" is the anterior end of upper border of the zygomatic arch where it is mees the process of the zygomatic bone." [Wikipedia:Jugal_point]
is_a: UBERON:0006983 ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013424
name: lambda
def: "The occipital angle is rounded and corresponds with the point of meeting of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures—a point which is termed the lambda (after the Greek letter of the same name); in the fetus this part of the skull is membranous, and is called the posterior fontanelle." [Wikipedia:Lambda_(anatomy)]
synonym: "lambda" BROAD  [Wikipedia:Lambda_(anatomy)]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray1193.svg
is_a: UBERON:0006983 ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:264773 ! lambda

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013426
name: obelion
def: "The term obelion is applied to that point of the sagittal suture which is on a level with the parietal foramina." [Wikipedia:Obelion]
is_a: UBERON:0006983 ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:264774 ! obelion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013427
name: occipital bun
def: "a prominent bulge, or projection, of the occipital bone at the back of the skull[WP]." [Wikipedia:Occipital_bun]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Neanderthal_profile.png
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
property_value: taxon_notes "Occipital buns are important in scientific descriptions of classic Neanderthal crania. While common among many of mankind's ancestors, primarily robust relatives rather than gracile, the protrusion is relatively rare in modern Homo sapiens.." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_bun", taxon="NCBITaxon:63221"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013428
name: ophryon
def: "The ophryon is the point in the forehead just above the optic foramen, or eyesocket, and glabella." [Wikipedia:Ophryon]
is_a: UBERON:0006983 ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013436
name: porion
def: "The porion is the point on the human skull located at the upper margin of each ear canal (external auditory meatus, external acoustic meatus). It underlies the tragus. The anatomical landmark has significance in biological anthropology and craniometry." [Wikipedia:Porion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png
is_a: UBERON:0006983 ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:264711 ! porion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013442
name: postorbital process
def: "The Postorbital Process marks the rear, upper edge of the eye socket and is a projection from the frontal bone." [Wikipedia:Postorbital_process]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013445
name: pterygomaxillary fissure
def: "The pterygomaxillary fissure is a fissure of the human skull. It is vertical, and descends at right angles from the medial end of the inferior orbital fissure; it is a triangular interval, formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. It connects the infratemporal with the pterygopalatine fossa, and transmits the terminal part of the maxillary artery. Alveolar branches of the maxillary nerve go from the pterygopalatine fossa to the infratemporal region via this fissure. In older texts, the pterygomaxillary fissure is sometimes called the pterygopalatine fissure." [Wikipedia:Pterygomaxillary_fissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:76627 ! pterygomaxillary fissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013447
name: sagittal crest
def: "A sagittal crest is a ridge of bone running lengthwise along the midline of the top of the skull of many mammalian and reptilian skulls, among others. The presence of this ridge of bone indicates that there are exceptionally strong jaw muscles. The sagittal crest serves primarily for attachment of the temporalis muscle, which is one of the main chewing muscles. Development of the sagittal crest is thought to be connected to the development of this muscle. A sagittal crest usually develops during the childhood of an animal in conjunction with the growth of the temporalis muscle, as a result of convergence and gradual heightening of the temporal lines. A sagittal crest tends to be present on the skulls of adult animals that rely on powerful biting and clenching of their teeth, usually as a part of their hunting strategy. Skulls of some dinosaur species, including tyrannosaurs, possessed well developed sagittal crests. Among mammals, dogs, cats, lions, and many other carnivores have sagittal crests, as do some leaf eaters, including tapirs and some apes. Sagittal crests are found in robust great apes, and some early hominins. Prominent sagittal crests are found among male gorillas and orangutans, and do occur but only rarely in male chimpanzees such as Bili Apes. The largest sagittal crest ever discovered in the human lineage belongs to the \"Black Skull\", Paranthropus aethiopicus field number KNM WT 17000, the earliest known robust hominid ancestor and the oldest robust australopithecine discovered to date. The prominence of the crest appears to have been an adaptation for the aethiopicus's heavy chewing, and the Black Skull's cheek teeth are correspondingly large. Smaller sagittal crests are also present on the skulls of other Paranthropines, including Paranthropus boisei and Paranthropus robustus." [Wikipedia:Sagittal_crest]
comment: Compare with: AAO:0000384 parasagital crest (UBERON:0013402)
synonym: "sagittal ridge" RELATED []
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Paranthropus_aethiopicus.JPG
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013448
name: sagittal keel
def: "The Sagittal keel (torus) is a thickening of bone on part or all of the midline of the frontal bone, or parietal bones where they meet along the sagittal suture, or on both bones.." [Wikipedia:Sagittal_keel]
synonym: "sagittal torus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
property_value: taxon_notes " Sagittal keels occur in Homo erectus and occasionally Homo heidelbergensis, where they probably served as an armour against shock to the roof of the skull, and as the attachment point for the temporalis muscles. Most Homo sapiens lost them likely as part of the general trend toward thinning of the cranial bones during the Pleistocene, to make room for larger brains. However there is a very small portion of modern humans who have this, but its function and etiology are unknown. Patrick Stewart of Star Trek and the martial artist Shi Yan Ming present good examples of modern humans with this feature." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_bun", taxon="Homo erectus"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013450
name: simian shelf
def: "The simian shelf is a bony thickening on the front of the ape mandible. Its function is to reinforce the jaw, though it also has the effect of considerably reducing the movement of the tongue by restricting the area available for muscles. Humans are the only apes to have protruding chins, though some fossils of early humans show evidence of a simian shelf." [Wikipedia:Simian_shelf]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013454
name: spheno-maxillary fossa
def: "The speno-maxillary fossa is a small triangular space situated at the angle of the junction of the spheno-maxillary and pterygo-maxillary fissures, and placed beneath the apex of the orbit. It is formed above by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid and by the orbital process of the palate bone." [Wikipedia:Spheno-maxillary_fossa]
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphenomaxillary_Fossa ! sphenomaxillary fossa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013455
name: spheno-petrosal fissure
def: "The sphenopetrosal fissure (or sphenopetrosal suture) is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It is in the middle cranial fossa." [Wikipedia:Sphenopetrosal_fissure]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png
synonym: "fissura sphenopetrosa" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "sphenopetrosal fissure" EXACT  [FMA:75038]
is_a: UBERON:0006800 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical line
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:75038 ! petrosphenoidal fissure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013459
name: stephanion
def: "The point where the upper temporal line cuts the coronal suture is named the stephanion." [Wikipedia:Stephanion]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray188-Coronal_suture.png
is_a: UBERON:0006983 ! anatomical point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: FMA:264723 ! stephanion

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013460
alt_id: UBERON:0013470
name: suprainiac fossa
def: "The suprainiac fossa is an elliptic depression on the occiput above the superior nuchal line, or inion." [Wikipedia:Suprainiac_fossa]
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
relationship: present_in_taxon NCBITaxon:63221 {source="Wikipedia:Neanderthal_anatomy"} ! Homo sapiens neanderthalensis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013462
name: sylvian point
def: "The Sylvian point is the point on the human skull nearest the Sylvian fissure and is located about 30 millimeters behind the Zygomatic process of frontal bone." [Wikipedia:Sylvian_point]
is_a: UBERON:0006983 {source="FMA"} ! anatomical point
xref: FMA:49458 ! sylvian point
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013463
name: temporal fossa
def: "The temporal fossa is a shallow depression on the side of the skull bounded by the temporal lines and terminating below the level of the zygomatic arch." [Wikipedia:Temporal_fossa]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Fossatemporalis.PNG
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="Wikipedia"} ! skull
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporal_Fossa ! temporal fossa
xref: FMA:75307 ! temporal fossa
xref: SCTID:137157009 ! Entire temporal fossa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013466
name: zygomasseteric system
def: "The zygomasseteric system (or zygomasseteric structure) in rodents is the anatomical arrangement of the masseter muscle of the jaw and the zygomatic arch of the skull. The anteroposterior or propalinal (front-to-back) motion of the rodent jaw is enabled by an extension of the zygomatic arch and the division of the masseter into three distinct parts. The main types are described as protrogomorphous, sciuromorphous, hystricomorphous, and myomorphous." [Wikipedia:Zygomasseteric_system]
is_obsolete: true
comment: obsoleted as it did not represent a structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013468
name: zygomatic fossa
def: "The Zygomatic Fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity, situated below and on the inner side of the zygoma; bounded, in front, by the zygomatic surface of the superior maxillary bone and the ridge which descends from its malar process; behind, by the posterior border of the external pterygoid plate and the eminentia articularis; above, by the pterygoid ridge on the outer surface of the great wing of the sphenoid and the under part of the squamous portion of the temporal; below by the alveolar border of the superior maxilla; internally, by the external pterygoid plate; and externally, by the zygomatic arch ramus of the lower jaw. It contains the lower part of the temporal, the External and Internal pterygoid muscles, the internal maxillary artery and vein, and inferior maxillary nerve and their branches. At its upper and inner part may be observed two fissures, the spheno-maxillary and pterygo-maxillary." [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_fossa]
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002500 ! zygomatic arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013469
name: external occipital protuberance
def: "Near the middle of the occipital squama is the external occipital protuberance, and extending lateralward from it on either side is the superior nuchal line, and above this the faintly marked highest nuchal line. It is less pronounced in females. The inion is the highest point of the external occipital protuberance. a projection on the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone in the midline" [Wikipedia:External_occipital_protuberance]
synonym: "inion" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inion]
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007170 {source="FMA"} ! squamous part of occipital bone
xref: FMA:75752 ! external occipital protuberance
xref: SCTID:139582005 ! Entire external occipital protuberance
property_value: external_definition "The external occipital protuberance is a bony prominence occuring on the large area ventral to the external sagittal crest. It functions as the attachment site for the funicular part of the nuchal ligament[MURDOCH:734]." xsd:string {source="MURDOCH:734"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013471
name: retromolar space
def: "The retromolar space or retromolar gap is a space at the rear of a mandible, between the back of the last molar and the anterior edge of the ascending ramus where it crosses the alveolar margin.[WP]" [Wikipedia:Retromolar_space]
synonym: "retromolar gap" EXACT [Wikipedia:Retromolar_space]
is_a: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
property_value: taxon_notes "Retromolar gap is found in some Neandertals because they had midfacial prognathism. This caused the lower toothrow to move forward, which led to the retromolar gap.." xsd:string {source="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_anatomy", taxon="NCBITaxon:63221"}

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013487
name: epidermal ridge of digit
synonym: "epidermal ridge" RELATED  []
synonym: "friction ridge" RELATED  []
synonym: "fingerprint" RELATED  []
synonym: "plantar print" RELATED  [MESH:E05.256]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002544 ! digit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001003 ! epidermis
xref: ncithesaurus:Epidermal_Ridges ! epidermal ridge
xref: UMLS:C1516920

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013514 ! space surrounding organism
name: space surrounding organism
def: "the space that surrounds an organism." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "external to organism" EXACT []
synonym: "outside of body" EXACT []
intersection_of: UBERON:0000464 ! anatomical space
intersection_of: surrounds UBERON:0000468 ! multi-cellular organism

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013527
name: pectoral flipper tubercle
def: "A bump or swelling adorining the head and leading edge of a pectoral flipper, associated with the multiple joints and terminal phalanges as found in the multiple phalanges of the humpback whale" []
comment: In a humpback the number of tubercles ranges from 9 to 11, with the first at the joint between the radius and metacarpal of digit II (with digit I absent)
is_a: UBERON:0005813 ! tubercle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002102 ! forelimb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0013630
name: short bone
def: "Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Examples of these bones include the tarsals in the foot and the carpals in the hand." [Wikipedia:Short_bone]
comment: todo - make subclass links
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="FMA"} ! bone element
xref: FMA:7475 ! short bone
xref: SCTID:332807009 ! Entire short bone

[Typedef]
id: adjacent_to
name: adjacent_to
def: "x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary" []
xref: RO:0002220
is_symmetric: true
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl

[Typedef]
id: supplies
name: supplies
def: "relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood." []
comment: source: FMA
xref: FMA:86003 ! arterial supply of
synonym: "arterial supply of" EXACT [FMA:86003]
domain: UBERON:0001637 ! artery
is_a: connected_to

[Typedef]
id: drains
name: drains
comment: source: Wikipedia
synonym: "drains from" EXACT []
synonym: "drains blood from" EXACT []
domain: UBERON:0001638 ! vein
is_a: connected_to

[Typedef]
id: anterior_to
name: anterior_to
def: "x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer" [BSPO:cjm]
is_transitive: true
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z
xref: BSPO:0000096

[Typedef]
id: posterior_to
name: posterior_to
def: "x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail." [BSPO:cjm]
synonym: "caudal_to" NARROW []
is_transitive: true
xref: BSPO:0000099

[Typedef]
id: attaches_to
name: attaches_to
alt_id: FMA:85990 ! attached to
is_a: connects

[Typedef]
id: has_muscle_origin
name: has_muscle_origin
def: "m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to." [Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy)#Muscles]
is_a: attaches_to
alt_id: dbpprop:origin

[Typedef]
id: has_muscle_insertion
name: has_muscle_insertion
def: "m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone." [Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy)]
is_a: attaches_to
alt_id: dbpprop:insertion

[Typedef]
id: has_muscle_antagonist
name: has_muscle_antagonist
def: "m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position." [Wikipedia:Antagonist_(muscle)]
alt_id: dbpprop:antagonist

[Typedef]
id: innervated_by
name: innervated_by
synonym: "nerve supply" EXACT [FMA:85999]
transitive_over: branch_of
alt_id: dbprop:nerve
alt_id: FMA:85999 ! nerve supply

[Typedef]
id: branch_of
name: branch_of
comment: Source: FMA. Editor note: we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve
is_a: part_of
alt_id: FMA:85994

[Typedef]
id: capable_of
name: capable_of
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl
xref: RO:0002215

[Typedef]
id: bearer_of
name: bearer of
namespace: BFO
xref: BFO:0000053

[Typedef]
id: realized_by
name: realized by
namespace: BFO
xref: BFO:0000054

[Typedef]
id: simultaneous_with
name: simultaneous_with
def: "Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries." [Allen:is_equal_to, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "coincides_with" EXACT []
synonym: "is_equal_to" EXACT []
!domain: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
is_a: finishes ! finishes
is_a: starts ! starts
intersection_of: finishes ! finishes
intersection_of: starts ! starts
xref: RO:0002082

[Typedef]
id: continuous_with
name: continuous_with
comment: sourced from FMA
xref: FMA:85972  ! continuous with

[Typedef]
id: directly_develops_from
name: directly_develops_from
xref: RO:0002207
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl

[Typedef]
id: develops_from
name: develops_from
xref: RO:0002202
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl
is_transitive: true
is_a: has_developmental_contribution_from
transitive_over: part_of ! part_of
holds_over_chain: part_of develops_from

[Typedef]
id: has_developmental_contribution_from
name: has developmental contribution from
xref: RO:0002254
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl
is_transitive: true
holds_over_chain: has_part develops_from

[Typedef]
id: develops_from_part_of
name: develops_from_part_of
holds_over_chain: directly_develops_from part_of
is_a: develops_from
xref: RO:0002225
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl

[Typedef]
id: transformation_of
name: transformation_of
is_a: develops_from
is_transitive: true
xref: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000657 ! transforms from
synonym: "transforms from" EXACT [SIO:000657]

[Typedef]
id: immediate_transformation_of
name: immediate_transformation_of
is_a: transformation_of
xref: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000658 ! immediately transforms from
synonym: "direct_transformation_of" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "immediately transforms from" EXACT [SIO:000658]

[Typedef]
id: participates_in
name: participates in
xref: BFO:0000056

[Typedef]
id: develops_in
name: develops_in
def: "x develops_in y if x is located in x whilst x is developing." []
xref: RO:0002226
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl

[Typedef]
id: develops_into
name: develops_into
inverse_of: develops_from
xref: RO:0002203
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl

[Typedef]
id: developmentally_contributes_to
name: developmentally_contributes_to
holds_over_chain: develops_into part_of
xref: RO:0002255
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl

[Typedef]
id: spatially_disjoint_from
name: spatially_disjoint_from
def: "A is spatially_disjoint_from B if they have no parts in common." [SO:cjm]
synonym: "non_overlapping_with" EXACT []
synonym: "shares_no_parts_with" EXACT []
!expand_expression_to: "BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)" []
!expand_assertion_to: "DisjointClasses: (BFO_0000050 some ?X), (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)" []
!expand_assertion_to: "Class: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)" []
expand_assertion_to: "Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)" []
is_metadata_tag: true
is_class_level: true

[Typedef]
id: has_no_connections_with
name: has_no_connections_with
def: "A is has_no_connections_with B if there are no parts of A or B that have a connection with the other." [UBERON:cjm]
expand_assertion_to: "Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (UBREL_0000001 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)), (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) and (UBREL_0000001 some (BFO_0000050 some ?X))" []
is_metadata_tag: true
is_class_level: true

[Typedef]
id: existence_ends_at
name: existence_ends_at
def: "c existence_ends_at e iff c exists_at e and not ( exists e2 : c exists_at e2 and e before e2)." [UBERON:cjm]
domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
range: UBERON:0000103 ! life cycle stage boundary

[Typedef]
id: existence_ends_before
name: existence_ends_before
def: "Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist before s." [UBERON:cjm]
domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage

[Typedef]
id: existence_ends_during
name: existence_ends_during
def: "Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: todo - add full axioms to bfo
synonym: "ceases_to_exist_during" EXACT []
xref: BFO:0000069 ! ceases to exist during
!domain: BFO:0000002 ! continuant
!range: BFO:0000007 ! process
transitive_over: part_of ! part_of

[Typedef]
id: existence_ends_with
name: existence_ends_with
def: "Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p." [UBERON:cjm]
domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage

[Typedef]
id: existence_starts_after
name: existence_starts_after
def: "Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing after some s has completed." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: disjoint_from existence_starts_during (but this cannot be expressed in OWL2)
domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
holds_over_chain: existence_starts_during preceded_by

[Typedef]
id: existence_starts_and_ends_during
name: existence_starts_and_ends_during
domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
is_a: existence_ends_during ! existence_ends_during
is_a: existence_starts_during ! existence_starts_during
intersection_of: existence_ends_during ! existence_ends_during
intersection_of: existence_starts_during ! existence_starts_during

[Typedef]
id: existence_starts_at
name: existence_starts_at
def: "c existence_starts_at e iff c exists_at e and not ( exists e2 : c exists_at e2 and e2 before e)" [UBERON:cjm]
domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
range: UBERON:0000103 ! life cycle stage boundary

[Typedef]
id: existence_starts_during
name: existence_starts_during
def: "Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "begins_to_exist_during" EXACT []
xref: BFO:0000068 ! begins to exist during
!domain: BFO:0000002
!range: BFO:0000007
transitive_over: part_of ! part_of

[Typedef]
id: existence_starts_or_ends_during
name: existence_starts_or_ends_during
domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
union_of: existence_ends_during ! existence_ends_during
union_of: existence_starts_during ! existence_starts_during

[Typedef]
id: existence_starts_with
name: existence_starts_with
def: "Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p." [UBERON:cjm]
domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
holds_over_chain: existence_starts_at start_of

[Typedef]
id: exists_during
name: exists_during
!domain: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
!range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage

[Typedef]
id: finishes
name: finishes
def: "Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with." [Allen:starts, UBERON:cjm, ZFS:finishes]
synonym: "ends" EXACT [RO:0002229]
xref: RO:0002229 ! ends
!domain: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
!range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
is_a: part_of

[Typedef]
id: has_end
name: has_end
!domain: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
!range: UBERON:0000103 ! life cycle stage boundary

[Typedef]
id: has_part
name: has_part
xref: BFO:0000051
is_transitive: true
inverse_of: part_of ! part_of

[Typedef]
id: composed_primarily_of 
name: composed_primarily_of 
def: "x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y" []
is_a: has_part
xref: UBREL:0000002

[Typedef]
id: has_quality
name: has_quality
xref: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000008 ! has attribute

[Typedef]
id: has_start
name: has_start
!domain: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
!range: UBERON:0000103 ! life cycle stage boundary

[Typedef]
id: located_in
name: located_in

[Typedef]
id: enclosed_by
name: enclosed_by
is_a: part_of

[Typedef]
id: location_of
name: location_of
created_by: cjm
creation_date: 2009-07-30T10:22:21Z

[Typedef]
id: overlaps
name: overlaps
def: "A overlaps B if they share some part in common." []
xref: RO:0002131
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl
expand_expression_to: "BFO_0000051 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)" []

[Typedef]
id: part_of
name: part_of
xref: BFO:0000050
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: has_function_in
name: has_function_in

[Typedef]
id: immediately_preceded_by
name: immediately_preceded_by
def: "X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)" []
synonym: "directly preceded by" EXACT []
synonym: "is directly preceded by" EXACT []
synonym: "is immediately preceded by" EXACT [SIO:000251]
synonym: "starts_at_end_of" EXACT []
xref: RO:0002087 ! immediately_preceded_by
!domain: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
!range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
is_a: preceded_by ! preceded_by
xref: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000251 ! is immediately preceded by
property_value: external_definition "A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]." xsd:string {source="SIO:000251"}

[Typedef]
id: preceded_by
name: preceded_by
def: "X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)" []
comment: disjoint_from part_of, but this cannot be expressed in OWL2
synonym: "is preceded by" EXACT [SIO:000249]
synonym: "takes place after" EXACT [Allen:precedes]
xref: BFO:0000062
is_transitive: true
!domain: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
!range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage

[Typedef]
id: secretes
name: secretes

[Typedef]
id: site_of
name: site_of
def: "C site_of P iff exists species S such that P occurs_in C for all members of S. Example: bursa of Fabricius site_of B-cell differentiation." [GOC:cjm]

[Typedef]
id: start_of
name: start_of
domain: UBERON:0000103 ! life cycle stage boundary
range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage

[Typedef]
id: starts
name: starts
def: "Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with." [Allen:starts, UBERON:cjm]
!domain: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
!range: UBERON:0000105 ! life cycle stage
xref: RO:0002224
is_a: part_of
holds_over_chain: has_start start_of

[Typedef]
id: surrounded_by
name: surrounded_by
def: "x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y" [UBERON:cjm]
xref: RO:0002219 ! surrounded by

[Typedef]
id: surrounds
name: surrounds
def: "inverse of surrounded_by" [UBERON:cjm]
inverse_of: surrounded_by
xref: RO:0002221 ! surrounds

[Typedef]
id: connects
name: connects
def: "Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship." [UBERONREF:0000004]
comment: Editors note: this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect)

[Typedef]
id: secreted_by
name: secreted_by

[Typedef]
id: output_of
name: output_of

[Typedef]
id: homologous_to
name: homologous_to
!is_metadata_tag: true
xref: RO:0002158 ! shares ancestor with

[Typedef]
id: sexually_homologous_to
name: sexually_homologous_to
is_a: homologous_to
is_metadata_tag: true

[Typedef]
id: serially_homologous_to
name: serially_homologous_to
xref: RO:0002159

[Typedef]
id: in_taxon
name: in taxon
xref: RO:0002162
holds_over_chain: part_of in_taxon
holds_over_chain: overlaps in_taxon
holds_over_chain: develops_from in_taxon
holds_over_chain: induced_by in_taxon
holds_over_chain: has_developmental_contribution_from in_taxon
holds_over_chain: attaches_to in_taxon
holds_over_chain: connected_to in_taxon
holds_over_chain: supplies in_taxon

[Typedef]
id: only_in_taxon
name: only_in_taxon
def: "S only_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only T" [PMID:20973947]
xref: RO:0002160
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl
is_a: in_taxon

[Typedef]
id: developmentally_replaces
name: developmentally_replaces
xref: RO:0002285
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl

[Typedef]
id: induced_by
name: induced_by
def: "t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T." [GO:0001759]
comment: sources for induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F)

[Typedef]
id: encloses
name: encloses
def: "x encloses y iff the convex hull formed by x contains all or the majority of y." [UBERON:cjm]

[Typedef]
id: never_in_taxon
name: never_in_taxon
def: "S never_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only not T" [PMID:20973947]
is_class_level: true
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: RO:0002161
!property_value: IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl
expand_assertion_to: "Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: ?X and (RO_0002162 some ?Y)" []

[Typedef]
id: dubious_for_taxon
name: dubious_for_taxon
def: "S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost
is_metadata_tag: true
is_class_level: true

[Typedef]
id: present_in_taxon
name: present_in_taxon
synonym: "applicable for taxon" EXACT []
def: "S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S" [UBERON:cjm]
is_metadata_tag: true
is_class_level: true

[Typedef]
id: contains
name: contains

[Typedef]
id: tributary_of
name: tributary_of
comment: taken from the FMA

!!! spatial

[Typedef]
id: proximal_to
name: proximal_to
def: "x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y." [BSPO:cjm]
xref: BSPO:0000100

[Typedef]
id: distal_to
name: distal_to
def: "x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal)." [BSPO:cjm]
xref: BSPO:0000097

[Typedef]
id: in_median_plane_of
name: in_median_plane_of
synonym: "in sagittal plane of" RELATED []
def: "X in_median_plane_of Y <=> if X lies on the median plane of Y; i.e. X overlaps o in_left_side_of Y and X overlaps o in_right_side_of Y. X is an unpaired structure" [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: part_of
xref: BSPO:0000127

[Typedef]
id: in_lateral_side_of
name: in_lateral_side_of
def: "X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure" [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: part_of
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000014" xsd:anyURI
xref: BSPO:0000126

[Typedef]
id: in_left_side_of
name: in_left_side_of
def: "X left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion." [BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009]
xref: BSPO:0000120
is_a: in_lateral_side_of
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000014" xsd:anyURI

[Typedef]
id: in_right_side_of
name: in_right_side_of
def: "X right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion." [BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009]
xref: BSPO:0000121
is_a: in_lateral_side_of
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000014" xsd:anyURI

[Typedef]
id: in_superficial_part_of
name: in_superficial_part_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001100

[Typedef]
id: in_deep_part_of
name: in_deep_part_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001101

[Typedef]
id: in_posterior_side_of
name: in_posterior_side_of
def: "X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion." [BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009]
is_a: part_of
xref: BSPO:0000122

[Typedef]
id: posterior_part_of
name: posterior_part_of
def: "X posterior_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the posterior boundary of Y" [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: in_posterior_side_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001102

[Typedef]
id: has_posterior_part
name: has_posterior_part
is_a: has_part
inverse_of: posterior_part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001103

[Typedef]
id: in_anterior_side_of
name: in_anterior_side_of
def: "X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion." [BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009]
is_a: part_of
xref: BSPO:0000123

[Typedef]
id: anterior_part_of
name: anterior_part_of
def: "X anterior_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the anterior boundary of Y" [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: in_anterior_side_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001104

[Typedef]
id: has_anterior_part
name: has_anterior_part
inverse_of: anterior_part_of
is_a: has_part
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001105

[Typedef]
id: in_proximal_side_of
name: in_proximal_side_of
def: "X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion." [BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009]
is_a: part_of
xref: BSPO:0000124

[Typedef]
id: proximal_part_of
name: proximal_part_of
def: "X proximal_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y" [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: in_proximal_side_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001106

[Typedef]
id: has_proximal_part
name: has_proximal_part
inverse_of: proximal_part_of
is_a: has_part
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001207

[Typedef]
id: in_distal_side_of
name: in_distal_side_of
def: "X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion." [BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009]
is_a: part_of
inverse_of: in_proximal_side_of
xref: BSPO:0000125

[Typedef]
id: distal_part_of
name: distal_part_of
def: "X distal_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y" [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: in_distal_side_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001108

[Typedef]
id: has_distal_part
name: has_distal_part
inverse_of: distal_part_of
is_a: has_part
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001109

[Typedef]
id: superficial_to
name: superficial_to
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001110

[Typedef]
id: ventral_to
name: ventral_to
def: "x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly)." [BSPO:cjm]
xref: BSPO:0000102
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: dorsal_part_of
name: dorsal_part_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001111

[Typedef]
id: ventral_part_of
name: ventral_part_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001112

[Typedef]
id: preaxial_to
name: preaxial_to
def: "x preaxial_to y iff x is further along the preaxial-postaxial axis than y, towards the front." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/preaxial]
synonym: "lateral (radial) to" RELATED []
synonym: "medial (tibial) to" RELATED []
synonym: "anterior_to (developmentally)" RELATED [MA:th]
is_transitive: true
xref: BSPO:1000000

[Typedef]
id: preaxial_part_of
name: preaxial_part_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001113

[Typedef]
id: postaxial_to
name: postaxial_to
def: "x preaxial_to y iff x is further along the preaxial-postaxial axis than y, towards the rear." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/postaxial]
synonym: "posterior_to (developmentally)" RELATED [MA:th]
is_transitive: true
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001114

[Typedef]
id: postaxial_part_of
name: postaxial_part_of
is_a: part_of
comment: to be added to BSPO
xref: BSPO:0001115

[Typedef]
id: dorsal_to
name: dorsal_to
def: "x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly)." [BSPO:cjm]
xref: BSPO:0000098
is_transitive: true
inverse_of: ventral_to

[Typedef]
id: deep_to
name: deep_to
def: "Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines." [BSPO:cjm]
xref: BSPO:0000107
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: immediately_deep_to
name: immediately_deep_to
def: "This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold." [BSPO:cjm]
xref: BSPO:0001107
is_a: deep_to
is_a: adjacent_to

[Typedef]
id: has_fused_element
name: has_fused_element
def: "x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat" []
comment: A single bone in one species may correspond to the fusion of two or more bones found as distinct elements in another. For example, tibiofibula has_fused_element tibia. A has_fused_element B does not imply that A has_part some B, rather than A has_part some B', where B' is not a subtype of B (because B is a distinct element but B' is a regional part) but has some evolutionary relationship to B.
!is_metadata_tag: true
!is_class_level: true

[Typedef]
id: channel_for
name: channel for
synonym: "carries" BROAD []
domain: UBERON:0004111 ! anatomical conduit
range: UBERON:0000463 ! portion of organism substance

[Typedef]
id: channels_into
name: channels_into
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: channels_from
name: channels_from
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: transitively_connected_to
name: transitively_connected to
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: connected_to
name: connected to
def: "Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship." [UBERONREF:0000004]
comment: Connection does not imply overlaps. 
is_a: transitively_connected_to
xref: UBREL:0000001
property_value: seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/references/reference_0000004" xsd:anyURI
property_value: seeAlso http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000652 ! is connected to

[Typedef]
id: transitively_anteriorly_connected_to
name: transitively anteriorly connected to
def: "." [UBERONREF:0000004]
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: anteriorly_connected_to
name: anteriorly connected to
def: "x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y." [UBERONREF:0000004]
is_a: connected_to
is_a: posterior_to
is_a: transitively_anteriorly_connected_to
!equivalent_to_chain: has_anterior_part connected_to

[Typedef]
id: posteriorly_connected_to
name: posteriorly connected to
def: "x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y." [UBERONREF:0000004]
is_a: connected_to
is_a: anterior_to
!equivalent_to_chain: has_posterior_part connected_to

[Typedef]
id: transitively_proximally_connected_to
name: transitively proximally connected to
def: "." [UBERONREF:0000004]
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: proximally_connected_to
name: proximally connected to
def: "x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y." [UBERONREF:0000004]
is_a: transitively_proximally_connected_to
is_a: connected_to
is_a: distal_to
!equivalent_to_chain: has_proximal_part connected_to
inverse_of: distally_connected_to

[Typedef]
id: transitively_distally_connected_to
name: transitively distally connected to
def: "." [UBERONREF:0000004]
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: distally_connected_to
name: distally connected to
def: "x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y." [UBERONREF:0000004]
is_a: transitively_distally_connected_to
is_a: connected_to
is_a: proximal_to
!equivalent_to_chain: has_distal_part connected_to
inverse_of: proximally_connected_to

[Typedef]
id: subdivision_of
name: subdivision of
comment: placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B

[Typedef]
id: confers_advantage_in
name: confers_advantage_in
synonym: "adapted_for" NARROW []
comment: An experimental relation currently used to connect an anatomical structure to a habitat or environment to which that structure is well suited, adapted or provides an advantage for the organism. For example, fins to an aquatic environment. Usually this will mean that the structure is adapted for this environment, but we avoid saying this directly - primitive forms of the structure may not have evolved specifically for that environment (for example, early wings were not necessarily adapted for an aerial environment). Note also that this is a statement about the general class of structures - not every instance of a limb need confer an advantage for a terrestrial environment, e.g. if the limb is vestigial.

!!! counting

[Typedef]
id: is_count_of
name: is count of
is_metadata_tag: true

[Typedef]
id: preceding_element_is
name: preceding element is
def: "A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates)" [UBERON:cjm]
is_metadata_tag: true

[Typedef]
id: repeated_element_number
name: repeated element number
def: "A property used to indicate the position of an element where that element is of a type that is serially repeated linearly along some axis for which a total ordering exists. The ordering may represent an ancestral condition" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: The range is currently non-negative integer 
is_metadata_tag: true
!range: xsd:nonNegativeInteger

[Typedef]
id: pharyngeal_arch_number
name: pharyngeal arch number
def: "x pharyngeal_arch_number N if and only if (i) x is a pharyngeal arch, and (ii) x is ancestrally pharyngeal arch number N in a series of pharyngeal arches repeated along a antero-posterior axis, with arch_number 1 being the mandibular arch." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note that gill arch N = PA N-2. the term branchial_arch is ambiguous.
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0002539 ! pharyngeal arch
property_value: preceding_element_is anterior_to

[Typedef]
id: ray_number
name: ray number
def: "x ray_number N if and only if (i) x is a ray, and (ii) x is ancestrally associated with ray number N in a series of phalanges repeated along a radio-ulnar or equivalent axis, with ray_number 1 being the anteriormost ray." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: The correct terminology is yet to be established; in tetrapods 'ray' might mean the mereological sum of the phalanges of a manual digit plus a metatarsal bone (or equivalent for hindlimb)
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0002544 ! digit
property_value: preceding_element_is preaxial_to

[Typedef]
id: phalanx_number
name: phalanx number
def: "x phalanx_number N if and only if (i) x is a phalanx, and (ii) x is phalanx number N in a series of phalanges repeated along an prixomo-distal axis, with phalanx_number 1 being the proximalmost phalanx. Note that in humans, the distalmost phalanx has phlanax_number 3, except in ray_number 1, where the distalmost has phalanx_number 2" [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone#Phalangeal_formula]
comment: Most land mammals including humans have a 2-3-3-3-3 formula in both the hands (or paws) and feet. Primitive reptiles typically had the formula 2-3-4-4-5, and this pattern, with some modification, remained in many later reptiles and in the mammal-like reptiles. The phalangeal formula in the flippers of cetaceans (marine mammals) is 2-12-8-1
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
property_value: preceding_element_is proximal_to

[Typedef]
id: rib_number
name: rib number
def: "x rib_number N if and only if (i) x is a rib, and (ii) x is rib number N in a series of ribs repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with rib_number 1 being the anteriormost rib. Note that this property counts ribs, *not* the adjoining vertebrae." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: AO notes: Note that in TAO, ribs are numbered by *vertebrae*.  Taxon notes: In the early tetrapods, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the thoracic vertebrae are typically the longest. In most subsequent forms, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living amphibians and reptiles, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example, turtles have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilagenous carapace and plastron, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk. Frogs typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in monotremes. In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles, caudal ribs are never found in mammals.
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0002228 ! rib
property_value: preceding_element_is anterior_to

[Typedef]
id: vertebra_number
name: vertebra number
def: "x vertebra_number N if and only if (i) x is a vertebra, and (ii) x is vertebra number N in a series of vertebras repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with vertebra_number 1 being the anteriormost vertebra (also known as the atlas)." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
property_value: preceding_element_is anterior_to

[Typedef]
id: somite_number
name: somite number
def: "x somite_number N if and only if (i) x is a somite, and (ii) x is somite number N in a series of somites repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with somite_number 1 being the anteriormost somite." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0002329 ! somite
property_value: preceding_element_is anterior_to

[Typedef]
id: paired_appendage_number
name: paired_appendage number
def: "x paired_appendage_number N if and only if (i) x is a paired_appendage, and (ii) x is paired_appendage number N in a series of paired_appendages repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with paired_appendage_number 1 being the anteriormost paired_appendage. In vertebrates, this is the pectoral appendage" [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0000026 ! appendage
property_value: preceding_element_is anterior_to

[Typedef]
id: appendage_segment_number
name: appendage segment number
def: "x appendage_segment_number N if and only if (i) x is a appendage_segment, and (ii) x is appendage_segment number N in a series of appendage_segments repeated along an proximo-distal axis, with appendage_segment_number 1 being the proximalmost appendage_segment (in tetrapods this would be the stylopod, as we do not classify girdles as appendage segments)." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Examples: in dropsphila coxa=1, trochanter=2, femur=3, tibia=4, tarsal segments 1-5=5-9, pretarsus=10
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0010758 ! appendage segment
property_value: preceding_element_is proximal_to

[Typedef]
id: rhombomere_number
name: rhombomere number
def: "x rhombomere_number N if and only if (i) x is a rhombomere, and (ii) x is rhombomere number N in a series of rhombomeres repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, with rhombomere_number 1 being the anteriormost rhombomere." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0001892 ! rhombomere
property_value: preceding_element_is anterior_to

[Typedef]
id: tooth_number
name: tooth number
def: "x tooth_number N if and only if (i) x is a tooth, and (ii) x is ancestrally tooth number N in a series of teeth repeated along an anterior-posterior axis, typically on the lateral side of a structure such as a jaw, with tooth_number 1 being the anteriormost. Note that this count refers to the total number of teeth starting from the first, regardless of the type of tooth. If sub-systems are required for numbering within a series of teeth of the same type, consider a subproperty. For example, in a human, maxillary canine = tooth 3 of upper jaw = canine_tooth 1 of upper jaw" []
comment: see also: dental_formula
is_a: repeated_element_number
is_metadata_tag: true
property_value: is_count_of UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
property_value: preceding_element_is anterior_to

[Typedef]
id: dental_formula
name: dental formula
def: "Syntax: upper/lower = I.C.P.M / I.C.P.M. When used with generic tooth class applies to both deciduous and primary. Should also be used with a taxon property." [Wikipedia:Dentition#Dental_formula]
is_metadata_tag: true

!!! textual metadata

[Typedef]
id: external_definition
name: external_definition
def: "An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: UBPROP:0000001

[Typedef]
id: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology
name: axiom_lost_from_external_ontology
def: "A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: UBPROP:0000002

[Typedef]
id: homology_notes
name: homology_notes
def: "Notes on the homology status of this class." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: UBPROP:0000003

[Typedef]
id: provenance_notes
name: provenance_notes
def: "Notes on the provenance of this class." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: UBPROP:0000004

[Typedef]
id: external_comment
name: external_comment
def: "An alternate comment for a class taken unmodified from an external source. Note that obo format only allows a single comment for a class, and does not provide a structured means of adding provenance info." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: UBPROP:0000005

[Typedef]
id: implements_design_pattern
name: implements_design_pattern
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: UBPROP:0000006

[Typedef]
id: has_relational_adjective
name: has_relational_adjective
comment: Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. 
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: UBPROP:0000007

[Typedef]
id: taxon_notes
name: taxon_notes
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: UBPROP:0000008

[Typedef]
id: foaf-depicted_by
name: depicted_by
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depicted_by

[Typedef]
id: foaf-homepage
name: homepage
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage

[Typedef]
id: dc-title
name: title
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

[Typedef]
id: dc-contributor
name: contributor
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

[Typedef]
id: dc-creator
name: creator
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

[Typedef]
id: dc-publisher
name: publisher
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher

[Typedef]
id: dc-description
name: description
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

[Typedef]
id: dc-source
name: derived from resource
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source

[Typedef]
id: dcterms-isReferencedBy
name: is referenced by
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://purl.org/dc/terms/isReferencedBy

[Typedef]
id: doap-GitRepository
name: Git repository
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#GitRepository

[Typedef]
id: doap-SVNRepository
name: SVN repository
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#SVNRepository

[Typedef]
id: doap-wiki
name: wiki
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#wiki

[Typedef]
id: doap-bug-database
name: bug database
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#bug-database

[Typedef]
id: seeAlso
name: see also
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso

[Typedef]
id: example_of_usage
name: example of usage
is_metadata_tag: true
xref: IAO:0000122