part_of would be inappropriate due to the difference in timing.

e.g. in human:

EHDAA2:0000152 ! atrioventricular canal [ends_at: "CS15"] [starts_at: "CS12"]
EHDAA2:0000153 ! atrioventricular valves [ends_at: "CS20"] [starts_at: "CS14"]

develops_from might be a possibility.

ZFA, EHDAA2 and PMID:15797462 have the valves developing from the endocardial cushions

EHDAA2 is most specific here. For an example of how AV development is handled in this ontology see the diagram in this scratchpad here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OKHEAordJ2oUiaiXQbQgca84s_vsvHiL5o_G1R7ve0k/edit

Note that in EHDAA2 the AV canal is a lumen and thus does not develop from a material structure. In other AOs the canal is a multi-tissue structure. in ZFA it develops from the "presumptive AV canal"

Jonathan says

"All of the internal lining of the heart is endocardium (vascular epithelium that originally derives from mesenchyme)"

"Hence: if the canal is a structure, it is made of vascular epithelium"

And suggests:

• atrioventricular canal:
  • part of some atrioventricular canal endothelilal linining
  • located_in some atrioventricular canal lumen

Which I think is the best way to do this

Seems the classic lumen vs lining problem. We have atrioventricular canal endocardium as well as the canal itself, but the canal isn't currently classified as a space. I agree, the endocardium class should be located in the lumen class.

Another question is whether to retain the canal class in the later and adult stages, since this would technically be the location of the valve, but human doesn't seem to call it a canal once the valves have developed? Could state simply that the valves are located in the lumen of the heart.

Valves should develop from cushions (which they do in uberon now).

See also AV septum: obophenotype/human-phenotype-ontology#2533

There is some confusion here due to multispecies terminology

humans: AV canal is embryonic; connects RA to LV. I think DF should be cushion->canal->septum
zebrafish: AV canal is canal in simple tube (no R/L). ZFA uses an additional 'presumptive AV canal', but no successor for 'AV canal'

bgee has some homology evidence at vertebrate level

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