$Revision: 8.04.2012 $ Contact Wasila Dahdul: Wasila.Dahdul@usd.edu.
06:11:2012 01:32
1.2
OBO-Edit 2.1.1-beta8
To the extent possible under law, Wasila M. Dahdul has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to the Vertebrate Skeletal Anatomy Ontology (VSAO), under CC0 license (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This work is published from the United States.
UBERON
balhoff
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
definition
antisymmetric property
term replaced by
PLURAL
synonym_type_property
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_synonym_type
shorthand
treat-xrefs-as-equivalent
part_of
BFO:0000050
note that all the uses of part_of in this ontology are for proper part of
part_of
part_of
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
has part
BFO:0000051
has_part
has_part
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
participates in
BFO
BFO:0000056
participates_in
participates_in
overlaps
RO:0002131
overlaps
overlaps
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
develops from
RO:0002202
develops_from
develops_from
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
capable_of
RO:0002215
capable_of
capable_of
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
develops_in
RO:0002226
develops_in
develops_in
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
produces
RO:0003000
produces
produces
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
transformation_of
OBO_REL:0000013
OBO_REL:transformation_of
Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2.
When an embryonic oenocyte (a type of insect cell) is transformed into a larval oenocyte, one and the same continuant entity preserves its identity while instantiating distinct classes at distinct times. The class-level relation transformation_of obtains between continuant classes C and C1 wherever each instance of the class C is such as to have existed at some earlier time as an instance of the distinct class C1 (see Figure 2 in paper). This relation is illustrated first of all at the molecular level of granularity by the relation between mature RNA and the pre-RNA from which it is processed, or between (UV-induced) thymine-dimer and thymine dinucleotide. At coarser levels of granularity it is illustrated by the transformations involved in the creation of red blood cells, for example, from reticulocyte to erythrocyte, and by processes of development, for example, from larva to pupa, or from (post-gastrular) embryo to fetus or from child to adult. It is also manifest in pathological transformations, for example, of normal colon into carcinomatous colon. In each such case, one and the same continuant entity instantiates distinct classes at different times in virtue of phenotypic changes.
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PMID:15892874
Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2.
adjacent_to
adjacent_to
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
capable_of_producing
capable_of_producing
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
has_integral_part
OBO_REL:0000005
has_integral_part
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
has_location
has_location
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
has_quality
caro
has_quality
integral_part_of
C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C
OBO_REL:0000004
integral_part_of
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C
PMID:15892874
anatomical entity
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
CARO:0000000
caro
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
CARO:MAH
FMA:62955
anatomical structure
CARO:0000003
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:67135
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
portion of organism substance
CARO:0000004
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:9669
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
anatomical space
CARO:0000005
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:5897
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
material anatomical entity
Anatomical entity that has mass.
CARO:0000006
caro
Anatomical entity that has mass.
CARO:MAH
FMA:67165
immaterial anatomical entity
Anatomical entity that has no mass.
CARO:0000007
caro
Anatomical entity that has no mass.
CARO:MAH
FMA:67112
anatomical line
CARO:0000008
Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, whiVSAO forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:9657
Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, whiVSAO forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
anatomical point
CARO:0000009
Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:9658
Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface.
anatomical surface
CARO:0000010
Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:24137
Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.
anatomical system
Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
CARO:0000011
caro
Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
CARO:MAH
FMA:7149
multi-cellular organism
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
CARO:0000012
caro
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
CARO:MAH
FMA:256135
cell
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CARO:0000013
GO:0005623
caro
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CARO:MAH
cell component
Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
CARO:0000014
caro
Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
CARO:MAH
FMA:86454
compound organ component
CARO:0000019
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
caro
CARO:MAH
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
simple organ
CARO:0000021
Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
caro
CARO:MAH
Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
compound organ
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
CARO:0000024
caro
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
CARO:MAH
male organism
CARO:0000027
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
caro
CARO:MAH
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
female organism
CARO:0000028
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
caro
CARO:MAH
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
hermaphroditic organism
CARO:0000029
Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes.
caro
dioecious organism
CARO:MAH
Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes.
asexual organism
CARO:0000030
Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes.
caro
CARO:MAH
Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes.
organism subdivision
Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism.
CARO:0000032
caro
Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism.
CARO:MAH
acellular anatomical structure
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
CARO:0000040
caro
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
CARO:MAH
FMA:63863
anatomical cluster
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
CARO:0000041
caro
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
CARO:MAH
FMA:49443
extraembryonic structure
Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
CARO:0000042
caro
Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
CARO:MAH
tissue
Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
CARO:0000043
caro
portion of tissue
Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
CARO:MAH
FMA:9637
sequential hermaphroditic organism
CARO:0000045
Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex.
caro
consecutive hermaphroditic organism
CARO:MAH
Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex.
synchronous hermaphroditic organism
CARO:0000046
Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time.
caro
serially hermaphroditic organism
CARO:MAH
Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time.
gonochoristic organism
CARO:0000048
Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes.
caro
monoecious organism
CARO:MAH
Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes.
protandrous hermaphroditic organism
CARO:0000049
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces
gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the
female sex.
caro
CARO:MAH
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces
gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the
female sex.
protogynous hermaphroditic organism
CARO:0000050
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces
gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the
male sex.
caro
CARO:MAH
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces
gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the
male sex.
anatomical group
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
CARO:0000054
caro
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
CARO:MAH
multi-tissue structure
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
CARO:0000055
caro
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
CARO:MAH
cell space
Anatomical space that is part of a cell.
CARO:0000062
caro
Anatomical space that is part of a cell.
CARO:mah
portion of cell substance
CARO:0000063
Portion of organism substance located within a cell.
caro
CARO:mah
Portion of organism substance located within a cell.
single cell organism
CARO:0000064
Cell that is an individual member of a species.
caro
CARO:MAH
Cell that is an individual member of a species.
basal lamina
Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
CARO:0000065
caro
Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
CARO:MAH
epithelium
CARO:0000066
Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:9639
Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.
simple cuboidal epithelium
CARO:0000067
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:45566
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
simple columnar epithelium
CARO:0000068
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:45567
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
multilaminar epithelium
CARO:0000069
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
caro
CARO:MAH
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
FMA:45562
simple squamous epithelium
CARO:0000070
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
caro
CARO:MAH
FMA:45565
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
atypical epithelium
CARO:0000071
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
caro
CARO:MAH
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
cavitated compound organ
CARO:0000072
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
caro
CARO:MAH
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
unilaminar epithelium
CARO:0000073
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
caro
CARO:MAH
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
FMA:45561
solid compound organ
CARO:0000074
Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
caro
CARO:MAH
Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
epithelial cell
CARO:0000077
Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity.
caro
CARO:MAH
Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity.
multi-cell-component structure
A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part.
CARO:0001000
caro
A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part.
FBC:DOS
neuron projection bundle
A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses.
CARO:0001001
caro
nerve fiber bundle
A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses.
FBC:DOS
FBC:DOS
nerve fiber bundle
neuron projection bundle segment
2011-09-10T04:22:25Z
A fiber-shaped subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis.
CARO:0001500
caro
djs93
A fiber-shaped subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis.
CAROC:DOS
neuron projection bundle subsegment
2011-09-10T04:24:17Z
A subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis that is sufficiently short that it is not fiber-shaped.
CARO:0001501
caro
djs93
A subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis that is sufficiently short that it is not fiber-shaped.
CAROC:DOS
native cell
A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
CARO:0000013
CL:0000003
To accommodate unicellular organisms better, 'cell in vivo' has been re-labeled 'native cell' to better represent its intended meaning - that is, that it is a cell in the context of a multicellular organism or in a natural environment. 'Native' is intended to contrast with 'in vitro', which refers to cells or other biological entities that have been intentionally placed in a controlled, non-natural setting for the purpose of study or manipulation. (MAH 1.12.12).
cell
cell in vivo
A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
CARO:mah
migratory cranial neural crest cell
CL:0000008
cell
non-terminally differentiated cell
A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
BTO:0000125
CL:0000055
FMA:84782
blast cell
cell
define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent?
A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
SANBI:mhl
chondroblast
BTO:0003607
CL:0000058
FMA:66783
Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
cell
chrondoplast
GOC:tfm
GO_REF:0000034
ISBN:0618947256
Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
ameloblast
BTO:0001663
CL:0000053
CL:0000059
CL:0000139
FMA:70576
Legacy definition: A cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ. Their functions include contribution to the development of the dentinoenamel junction by the deposition of a layer of the matrix, thus producing the foundation for the prisms (the structural units of the dental enamel), and production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismatic substance. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992).
Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
amelocyte
cell
enamel secreting cell
GOC:tfm
GO_REF:0000034
MESH:A.11.436.107
Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
odontoblast
BTO:0001769
CL:0000060
FMA:62999
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
cell
legacy def: One of the cells forming the outer surface of dental pulp that produces tooth dentin.
GO_REF:0000034
ISBN:0618947256
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
cementoblast
CL:0000061
CL:0000859
FMA:63002
Legacy def: A cell of ectomesenchymal origin that aids in the formation the cementum layer on the roots of teeth.
Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (a bony substance that covers the root of a tooth), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.
cell
cementum secreting cell
GO_REF:0000034
ISBN:0781733901
Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (a bony substance that covers the root of a tooth), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.
osteoblast
BTO:0001593
CL:0000062
FMA:66780
Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
cell
non-encoded relationships from VSAO - capable_of_producing mineralized extracellular matrix. part_of osteoid
GO_REF:0000034
MESH:A.11.329.629
Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
mesenchymal cell
A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. This cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.
BMSC
BTO:0002625
BTO:0003298
CFU-F
CL:0000134
CL:0002452
FMA:70546
MSC
Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2.
bone marrow stromal cells
cell
colony-forming unit-fibroblast
marrow stromal cells
mesenchymal precursor cell
mesenchymal progenitor cells
mesenchymal stem cell
mesenchymal stromal cell
mesenchymal stromal cells
stem cells, mesenchymal
A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. This cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.
FB:ma
GOC:dsd
PMCID:PMC2613570
PMID:10102814j
PMID:16923606
PMID:17986482
PMID:19960544
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell
http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells
PMID:11378515
marrow stromal cells
MSC
PMID:11378515
MESH:D044982
mesenchymal progenitor cells
MESH:D044982
stem cells, mesenchymal
osteocyte
A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.
BTO:0002038
CL:0000137
FMA:66779
bone cell
cell
need to add non-terminally differentiated osteoblast to CL and use that for the develops from.
A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.
GOC:tfm
MESH:A.11.329.629.500
chondrocyte
BTO:0000249
CL:0000138
FMA:66782
Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
cartilage cell
cell
GO_REF:0000034
MESH:A.11.329.171
Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
odontocyte
CL:0000140
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell.
cell
develops_from differs from CL as need to add the non-terminally differentiated odontoblast class to CL
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell.
cementocyte
An osteocytelike cell with numerous processes, trapped in a lacuna in the cement of the tooth.
CHECK: wikipedia says that cementocytes no longer produce cementum, but the phenoscape def is: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell (no change to existing def).
CL:0000141
FMA:63003
cell
An osteocytelike cell with numerous processes, trapped in a lacuna in the cement of the tooth.
ISBN:0781733901
secretory cell
A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
BTO:0003659
CL:0000151
FMA:86916
cell
A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
mesodermal cell
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
CL:0000222
FMA:72554
cell
mesoblast
mesoderm cell
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
MESH:A.16.254.425.660
migratory neural crest cell
A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
CL:0000333
FMA:86667
cell
A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
MESH:A.16.254.600
periarticular chondrocyte
A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone.
CL:0000742
cell
A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone.
PMID:15951842
hypertrophic chondrocyte
CL:0000743
Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).
cell
is hypertrophic pathological or normal? and can it be described using a pato term?
Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).
GO_REF:0000034
PMID:15951842
bone cell
2011-11-16T04:28:16Z
A connective tissue cell found in bone.
CL:0001035
adiehl
cell
A connective tissue cell found in bone.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000034
terminally differentiated osteoblast
CL:0001039
Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.
VSAO:0000116
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.
VSAO:curator
non-terminally differentiated osteoblast
CL:0001040
Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.
VSAO relationship simplified OBO_REL:integral_part_of cellular bone tissue
VSAO:0000117
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.
VSAO:curator
connective tissue cell
2010-09-15T03:01:54Z
A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
CL:0002320
CL:1000406
FMA:63875
cell
tmeehan
A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0618947256
embryonic cell
2010-09-15T03:39:21Z
A cell of the embryo.
CL:0002321
FMA:82840
FMA:82841
WBbt:0007028
cell
tmeehan
A cell of the embryo.
FMA:0618947256
preameloblast
2012-06-15T01:27:01Z
CL:0007000
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins.
cell
haendel
GO_REF:0000034
PMCID:PMC2737325
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins.
skeletogenic cell
2012-06-15T02:51:27Z
CL:0007001
Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO.
NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts
cell
haendel
scleroblast
GO_REF:0000034
scleroblast
Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
GO_REF:0000034
precementoblast
2012-06-15T04:37:13Z
CL:0007002
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast.
cell
haendel
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast.
preodontoblast
2012-06-15T05:15:11Z
CL:0007003
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell.
cell
haendel
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell.
premigratory neural crest cell
2012-06-27T08:27:35Z
CL:0007004
Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells.
cell
haendel
Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells.
UBERONREF:0000002
notochordal cell
2012-06-27T08:47:31Z
CL:0007005
Cell that is part of the notochord.
NOTE: TO DO, notochord development still needs work.
cell
haendel
Cell that is part of the notochord.
GO_REF:0000034
chordamesodermal cell
2012-06-27T08:52:41Z
CL:0007006
Mesodermal cell that is axially located and gives rise to the cells of the notochord.
cell
haendel
GO_REF:0000034
Mesodermal cell that is axially located and gives rise to the cells of the notochord.
notochordal sheath cell
2012-06-27T09:26:37Z
CL:0007007
Notochordal cell that is part of the outer epithelium of the notochord and surrounds the vacuolated notochord cells.
cell
haendel
CL:MAH
Notochordal cell that is part of the outer epithelium of the notochord and surrounds the vacuolated notochord cells.
notochordal vacuole cell
2012-06-27T09:29:30Z
CL:0007008
Notochordal cell that is inner portion of the notochord and becomes vacuolated as development proceeds.
cell
chordablast
chordoblast
haendel
PMID:14574572
chordoblast
GO_REF:0000034
chordablast
CL:MAH
Notochordal cell that is inner portion of the notochord and becomes vacuolated as development proceeds.
prechondroblast
2012-06-27T10:44:01Z
CL:0007009
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
cell
haendel
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
preosteoblast
2012-06-27T10:57:21Z
CL:0007010
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
cell
haendel
osteoprogenitor cell
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
non-terminally differentiated odontoblast
CL:0007012
Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell.
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell.
terminally differentiated odontoblast
CL:0007013
Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine.
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine.
ossification
GO:0001503
Note that this term does not have a 'developmental process' parent because ossification isn't necessarily developmental, can also occur as part of bone remodeling. Instead use 'ossification involved in bone maturation ; GO:0043931'.
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Wikipedia:Ossification
biological_process
bone biosynthesis
bone formation
osteogenesis
GOC:mtg_mpo
PMID:17572649
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
osteoblast differentiation
GO:0001649
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.
biological_process
osteoblast cell differentiation
CL:0000062
GOC:jid
GO_REF:0000034
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.
intramembranous ossification
An instance of intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division.
Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.
GO:0001957
Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification
biological_process
dermal ossification
Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.
ISBN:0878932437
GO_REF:0000034
dermal ossification
endochondral ossification
GO:0001958
Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification
biological_process
GO_REF:0000034
ISBN:0878932437
Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
biological_process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
GO:0000004
GO:0007582
GO:0008150
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.
Wikipedia:Biological_process
biological process
biological process unknown
biological_process
physiological process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:isa_complete
bone mineralization
GO:0030282
The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue.
biological_process
bone calcification
GOC:mah
The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue.
biomineral tissue development
Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
GO:0031214
Wikipedia:Biomineralisation
biological_process
biomineral formation
biomineralization
mineralization
Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
PMID:15132736
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
biomineral formation
secretion by cell
GO:0032940
The controlled release of a substance by a cell.
Wikipedia:Secretion
biological_process
cellular secretion
GOC:mah
The controlled release of a substance by a cell.
bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
Bone mineralization can also occur after a fracture and as a response to stress; in these cases, consider using the term 'bone mineralization ; GO:0030282'.
GO:0035630
The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
biological_process
GOC:BHF
GOC:bf
The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
direct ossification
GO:0036072
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.
biological_process
GO_REF:0000034
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.
perichondral ossification
GO:0036073
Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
biological_process
GO_REF:0000034
Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
metaplastic ossification
Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.
GO:0036074
Some intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division.
biological_process
metaplasia
GO_REF:0000034
metaplasia
Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.
GO_REF:0000034
replacement ossification
GO:0036075
Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
biological_process
indirect ossification
GO_REF:0000034
indirect ossification
GO_REF:0000034
Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
ligamentous ossification
GO:0036076
Ligamentous ossification may occur via replacement ossification or metaplastic ossification or both in any one instance.
Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.
biological_process
GO_REF:0000034
Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.
intratendonous ossification
GO:0036077
Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.
Tendonous ossification may occur via replacement ossification or metaplastic ossification or both in any one instance.
biological_process
GO_REF:0000034
Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.
ossification involved in bone maturation
GO:0043931
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
biological_process
ossification involved in bone modeling
ossification involved in skeletal development
GOC:dph
ossification involved in skeletal development
GO_REF:0000034
ossification involved in bone modeling
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
GOC:mtg_mpo
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
bone development
GO:0060348
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.
biological_process
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.
bone morphogenesis
GO:0060349
The process in which bones are generated and organized.
biological_process
GOC:dph
The process in which bones are generated and organized.
endochondral bone morphogenesis
GO:0060350
The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
biological_process
GOC:dph
PMID:11680679
The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
bone maturation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.
GO:0070977
biological_process
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
quality
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
PATO:0000001
PATO:0000072
quality
trait
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
PATOC:GVG
ossified
A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being hardened by the deposition of calcium into bone.
PATO:0001448
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being hardened by the deposition of calcium into bone.
MAMMALOGY:MAMMALOGY
cartilaginous
A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's cartilage quantities.
Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes (CL:0000138) that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastin fibers
PATO:0001449
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's cartilage quantities.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous
cartilage element
Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
VSAO:0000000
cartilage
cartilaginous element
chondrogenic element
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
surface structure
Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.
VSAO:0000001
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.
ZFIN:curator
mode of ossification
GO:0001503
GO:0001503
The formation of bone or of a bony substanc, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
VSAO:0000002
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GOC:mtg_mpo, PMID:17572649
The formation of bone or of a bony substanc, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
permanent cartilage
Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage that is not replaced.
VSAO:0000003
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage that is not replaced.
GO_REF:0000034
opercle bone
Dermal bone that forms the postero-dorsal part of the opercular series. The opercle articulates with the hyomandibula antero-dorsally and with the subopercle ventrally. The opercle is a paired bone.
TAO:0000250
Term resides in TAO.
VSAO:0000004
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Dermal bone that forms the postero-dorsal part of the opercular series. The opercle articulates with the hyomandibula antero-dorsally and with the subopercle ventrally. The opercle is a paired bone.
TAO:curator
basihyal element
TAO:0001891
Term resides in TAO.
VSAO:0000005
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
cell condensation
Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995).
VSAO:0000006
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995).
GO_REF:0000034
basihyal bone
Endochondral bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch.
TAO:0000316
Term resides in TAO.
VSAO:0000007
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Endochondral bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch.
TAO:curator
neural crest cell
A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
CL:0000333
CL:0000333
VSAO:0000008
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
VSAO:curator
notochordal cell
CL:0007005
Cell of the notochord, often vacuolated or resembles a chondrocyte.
VSAO:0000009
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cell of the notochord, often vacuolated or resembles a chondrocyte.
VSAO:curator
notochordal mesodermal cell
CL:0007006
VSAO:0000010
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
mesodermal cell
CL:0000222
CL:0000222
Cell derived from mesoderm.
VSAO:0000011
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cell derived from mesoderm.
VSAO:curator
skeletogenic cell
CL:0007001
Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g., cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
VSAO:0000012
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g., cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
VSAO:curator
mineralized tissue
VSAO:0000013
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
basihyal cartilage
Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch.
TAO:0001510
Term resides in TAO.
VSAO:0000014
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch.
TAO:curator
skeletal tissue
A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.
VSAO:0000015
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.
GO_REF:0000034
basihyal condensation
VSAO:0000016
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
connective tissue
Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
VSAO:0000017
portion of connective tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
ventral hyoid arch
TAO:0001402
Term resides in TAO.
VSAO:0000018
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
chordablast
CL:0007008
Epithelial cell that is large, vacuolated, and part of the notochord.
VSAO:0000019
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Epithelial cell that is large, vacuolated, and part of the notochord.
VSAO:curator
mineralized extracellular matrix
Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000020
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.
GO_REF:0000034
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684].
VSAO:0000021
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684].
GO:[GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684]
GO_REF:0000034
VSAO:curator
extracellular matrix
Combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells.
ECM
VSAO:0000022
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
ECM
VSAO:curator
Combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells.
GO_REF:0000034
membrane bone
Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.
VSAO:0000023
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.
GO_REF:0000034
intercalar
Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977). Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal.
TAO:0000474
Term resides in TAO.
VSAO:0000024
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977). Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal.
TAO:curator
odontogenic papilla
Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.
VSAO:0000025
dental papilla
odontogenic condensation
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
dental papilla
VSAO:curator
odontogenic condensation
Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.
GO_REF:0000034
skeleton
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
VSAO:0000026
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
GO_REF:0000034
skeletal system
Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
VSAO:0000027
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
GO_REF:0000034
integumentary papilla
Odontogenic papilla that is located in the integument.
VSAO:0000028
scale papilla
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
scale papilla
GO_REF:0000034
Odontogenic papilla that is located in the integument.
integument
Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.
VSAO:0000029
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.
oropharyngeal papilla
Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton.
VSAO:0000030
oropharyngeal dental papilla
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton.
VSAO:curator
oropharyngeal dental papilla
musculoskeletal system
Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems.
VSAO:0000031
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems.
VSAO:curator
notochord
Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.
VSAO:0000032
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.
GO_REF:0000034
muscular system
Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.
VSAO:0000033
musculature system
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
musculature system
Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.
VSAO:curator
oropharynx
VSAO:0000034
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
dermal skeleton
Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements.
VSAO:0000035
dermal skeletal system
dermoskeleton
desmoskeleton
exoskeleton
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
exoskeleton
VSAO:curator
dermal skeletal system
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements.
VSAO:curator
desmoskeleton
VSAO:curator
dermoskeleton
perichondrium
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.
VSAO:0000036
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.
GO_REF:0000034
endoskeleton
Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues.
VSAO:0000037
replacement skeleton
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
replacement skeleton
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues.
preameloblast
CL:0007000
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast.
VSAO:0000038
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast.
VSAO:curator
chordoblast
CL:0007008
Skeletogenic cell that is derived from the notochordal mesoderm and produces notochordal tissue (and cartilage tissue in some taxa).
VSAO:0000039
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that is derived from the notochordal mesoderm and produces notochordal tissue (and cartilage tissue in some taxa).
VSAO:curator
cartilage tissue
Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.
VSAO:0000040
cartilage
chondrogenic tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
cartilage
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.
VSAO:curator
chondrogenic tissue
preodontoblast
CL:0007003
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a neural crest cell.
VSAO:0000041
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a neural crest cell.
VSAO:curator
skeletal subdivision
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.
VSAO:0000042
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.
VSAO:curator
precementoblast
CL:0007002
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast.
VSAO:0000043
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast.
VSAO:curator
prechondroblast
CL:0007009
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
VSAO:0000044
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
VSAO:curator
preosteoblast
CL:0007010
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
VSAO:0000045
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.
VSAO:curator
osteoid
Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.
VSAO:0000046
pre-bone
prebone
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
prebone
Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.
GO_REF:0000034
GO_REF:0000034
pre-bone
bone tissue
Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.
VSAO:0000047
bone
osteogenic tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.
VSAO:curator
bone
VSAO:curator
osteogenic tissue
scale
VSAO:0000048
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
cranial skeleton
Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
VSAO:0000049
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
dense regular connective tissue
Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
VSAO:0000050
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
GO_REF:0000034
lepidosteoid scale
Multi-layer ganoid scale composed of ganoine and cellular bone.
VSAO:0000051
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Multi-layer ganoid scale composed of ganoine and cellular bone.
ganoid scale
Thick, rhomboid-shaped integumentary skeletal element composed of multiple tissues including ganoine and bone.
VSAO:0000052
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Thick, rhomboid-shaped integumentary skeletal element composed of multiple tissues including ganoine and bone.
vacuolated notochordal tissue
Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.
VSAO:0000053
notochord proper
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
notochord proper
Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.
GO_REF:0000034
perichordal tissue
Derived from cells surrounding the notochord (possibly the slerotome). Disparate from (not derived from) notochord.
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.
VSAO:0000054
notochord
perichordal connective tissue
perichordal sheath
perichordal sheath tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
perichordal sheath tissue
VSAO:curator
perichordal connective tissue
VSAO:curator
perichordal sheath
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.
GO_REF:0000034
VSAO:curator
notochord
polypteroid scale
Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine, elasmodine and cellular bone.
VSAO:0000055
polypterid scale
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine, elasmodine and cellular bone.
VSAO:curator
polypterid scale
axial skeleton
Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
VSAO:0000056
axial skeletal system
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
axial skeletal system
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
bone element
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
VSAO:0000057
bone
bone organ
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
chondroblast
CL:0000058
CL:0000058
Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
VSAO:0000058
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
VSAO:curator
avascular GAG-rich matrix
Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
VSAO:0000059
avascular glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix
cartilage matrix
cartilage-like matrix
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
cartilage-like matrix
VSAO:curator
avascular glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix
VSAO:curator
cartilage matrix
GO_REF:0000034
Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
osteoblast
CL:0000062
CL:0000062
Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
VSAO:0000060
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
VSAO:curator
cementoblast
CL:0000061
CL:0000061
Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (= bone of attachment), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.
VSAO:0000061
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (= bone of attachment), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell.
VSAO:curator
cementum
Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
VSAO:0000062
bone of attachment
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
bone of attachment
GO_REF:0000034
Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
odontoid tissue
Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.
VSAO:0000063
dental tissue
odontogenic tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
odontogenic tissue
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.
VSAO:curator
dental tissue
ameloblast
CL:0000059
CL:0000059
Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
VSAO:0000064
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.
VSAO:curator
enamel
Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.
VSAO:0000065
enamel tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.
VSAO:curator
enamel tissue
pre-enamel
Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
VSAO:0000066
pre-enamel tissue
preenamel tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
preenamel tissue
VSAO:curator
pre-enamel tissue
GO_REF:0000034
Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
paired appendage
VSAO:0000067
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
odontoblast
CL:0000060
CL:0000060
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
VSAO:0000068
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell.
VSAO:curator
dentine
Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
VSAO:0000069
dental tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
GO_REF:0000034
VSAO:curator
dental tissue
elasmoid scale
Multi-tissue integumentary element composed dentine, elasmodine, and hypermineralized tissue.
VSAO:0000070
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Multi-tissue integumentary element composed dentine, elasmodine, and hypermineralized tissue.
pre-dentine
Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.
VSAO:0000071
pre-dentine tissue
predentine tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
predentine tissue
GO_REF:0000034
Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.
VSAO:curator
pre-dentine tissue
ligament
Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
VSAO:0000072
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
GO_REF:0000034
tendon
Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
VSAO:0000073
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
GO_REF:0000034
palaeoniscoid scale
Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine and bone; not known in extant taxa.
Palaeoniscus-type scale
VSAO:0000074
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Palaeoniscus-type scale
VSAO:curator
GO_REF:0000034
Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine and bone; not known in extant taxa.
appendage
VSAO:0000075
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
appendicular skeleton
Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.
VSAO:0000076
appendicular skeletal system
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
appendicular skeletal system
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.
UBERON:cjm
non-mineralized chondroid tissue
VSAO:0000077
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
chondroid tissue
Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue.
VSAO:0000078
chondroid bone tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
chondroid bone tissue
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue.
TAO:curator
odontode scale
Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis.
VSAO:0000079
placoid scale
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
placoid scale
GO_REF:0000034
Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis.
keratin-based scale
Fold or elevation of the epidermis rich in keratin proteins; possibly calcified but does not contain skeletal elements.
VSAO:0000080
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Fold or elevation of the epidermis rich in keratin proteins; possibly calcified but does not contain skeletal elements.
GO_REF:0000034
cosmoid scale
Multi-tissue integumentary element composed of enamel or enameloid, dentine and lamellar bone, and characterized by pore-canal system.
VSAO:0000081
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Multi-tissue integumentary element composed of enamel or enameloid, dentine and lamellar bone, and characterized by pore-canal system.
craniofacial skeleton
Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells.
Cranio-facial skeleton
VSAO:0000082
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cranio-facial skeleton
VSAO:curator
Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells.
GO_REF:0000034
craniofacial region
VSAO:0000083
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
cementocyte
CL:0000141
CL:0000141
Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell.
VSAO:0000084
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell.
VSAO:curator
chondrocyte
CL:0000138
CL:0000138
Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
VSAO:0000085
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
VSAO:curator
secondary cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation.
VSAO:0000086
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation.
GO_REF:0000034
cosmine
VSAO:0000087
cosmoid scale tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
cosmoid scale tissue
mineralized cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000088
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
GO_REF:0000034
non-mineralized cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000089
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
GO_REF:0000034
integumentary skeleton
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the extra-oral dermal skeletal system that develops and remains invested within the integument, primarily the dermis.
VSAO:0000090
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the extra-oral dermal skeletal system that develops and remains invested within the integument, primarily the dermis.
elastic cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.
VSAO:0000091
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.
GO_REF:0000034
chondrogenic condensation
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
VSAO:0000092
cartilaginous condensation
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
GO:curator
postcranial axial skeleton
Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
VSAO:0000093
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
hyaline cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.
VSAO:0000094
hyaline cartilage
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.
GO_REF:0000034
VSAO:curator
hyaline cartilage
non-terminally differentiated odontoblast
CL:00007012
Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell.
VSAO:0000095
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell.
terminally differentiated odontoblast
CL:00007013
Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine.
VSAO:0000096
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine.
VSAO:curator
orthodentine
Odontoid tissue that typically contains tubules and is acellular.
VSAO:0000097
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Odontoid tissue that typically contains tubules and is acellular.
hypertrophic chondrocyte
CL:0000743
CL:0000743
Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).
VSAO:0000098
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).
VSAO:curator
fin
Surface structure involved in locomotion.
UBERON:0008897
VSAO:0000099
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Surface structure involved in locomotion.
TAO:curator
periarticular chondrocyte
CL:0000742
CL:0000742
Chondrocyte that is located on a joint surface; part of articular cartilage.
VSAO:0000100
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Chondrocyte that is located on a joint surface; part of articular cartilage.
VSAO:curator
joint
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
VSAO:0000101
articulation
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
GO_REF:0000034
osteodentine
VSAO:0000102
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
fibrocartilage
Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
VSAO:0000103
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
GO_REF:0000034
ganoine
Odontogenic tissue that is hypermineralized acellular, noncollagenous, covered by an epidermis and often deposited in multiple layers.
VSAO:0000104
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Odontogenic tissue that is hypermineralized acellular, noncollagenous, covered by an epidermis and often deposited in multiple layers.
limiting layer of elasmoid scale
Hypermineralized tissue lacking collagen (except Sharpey's fibres), developing in close proximity to the basal cells of the overlying epithelium.
VSAO:0000105
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Hypermineralized tissue lacking collagen (except Sharpey's fibres), developing in close proximity to the basal cells of the overlying epithelium.
vasodentine
Dentine tissue that lacks dentine tubules and that is penetrated by blood capillaries.
VSAO:0000106
vascular dentine
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Dentine tissue that lacks dentine tubules and that is penetrated by blood capillaries.
GO_REF:0000034
VSAO:curator
vascular dentine
elasmodine
Odontogenic tissue that consists of multiple layers of collagen fibers organized in orthogonal or twisted arrangements.
VSAO:0000107
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Odontogenic tissue that consists of multiple layers of collagen fibers organized in orthogonal or twisted arrangements.
non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000108
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000109
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
columnar chondrocyte
CL:0000744
Chondrocyte that is linearly arranged with other columnar chondrocytes.
VSAO:0000110
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Chondrocyte that is linearly arranged with other columnar chondrocytes.
GO_REF:0000034
paired fin
Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism.
UBERON:0000151
VSAO:0000111
artioptérygie (French)
nageoire paire (French)
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000140
artioptérygie (French)
PSPUB:0000164
nageoire paire (French)
Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism.
TAO:curator
odontocyte
CL:0000140
CL:0000140
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell.
VSAO:0000112
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell.
VSAO:curator
enameloid
Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue.
VSAO:0000113
bitypic enamel
durodentine
enameloid tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
vitrodentine
VSAO:curator
enameloid tissue
VSAO:curator
vitrodentine
VSAO:curator
bitypic enamel
VSAO:curator
durodentine
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue.
pre-enameloid
Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
VSAO:0000114
non-mineralized enameloid tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
non-mineralized enameloid tissue
GO_REF:0000034
Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
mineralized bone tissue
Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.
VSAO:0000115
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.
GO_REF:0000034
terminally differentiated osteoblast
CL:0001039
Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.
VSAO:0000116
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.
VSAO:curator
non-terminally differentiated osteoblast
CL:0001040
Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.
VSAO:0000117
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.
VSAO:curator
cellular bone tissue
Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
VSAO:0000118
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000119
non-mineralized cartilage
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.
GO_REF:0000034
VSAO:curator
non-mineralized cartilage
mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000120
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.
GO_REF:0000034
free limb
VSAO:0000121
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
acellular bone tissue
Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes.
VSAO:0000122
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes.
odontode tissue
Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.
VSAO:0000123
dental tissue
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
dental tissue
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.
osteocyte
CL:0000137
CL:0000137
Skeletogenic cell that secretes and is embedded in lacunae within mineralized bone matrix and that arises from the transformation of non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts. Interconnected with other osteocytes in lacunae by canaliculi.
VSAO:0000124
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletogenic cell that secretes and is embedded in lacunae within mineralized bone matrix and that arises from the transformation of non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts. Interconnected with other osteocytes in lacunae by canaliculi.
VSAO:curator
pectoral appendage
VSAO:0000125
anterior paired appendage
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
pelvic appendage
VSAO:0000126
posterior paired appendage
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
gastralium
Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column.
VSAO:0000127
abdominal rib
belly rib
gastralia
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column.
GO_REF:0000034
VSAO:curator
belly rib
VSAO:curator
abdominal rib
gastralia
skeletal element
Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.
VSAO:0000128
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.
pelvic fin
Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.
UBERON:0000152
VSAO:0000129
ischioptérygie (French)
nageoire pelvienne (French)
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.
TAO:curator
PSPUB:0000164
nageoire pelvienne (French)
PSPUB:0000142
ischioptérygie (French)
dermal bone
Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm.
VSAO:0000130
dermal element
membrane bone
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
VSAO:curator
dermal element
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm.
VSAO:curator
membrane bone
appendicular ossicle
Examples of appendicular ossicles include the patella and meniscus of the knee joint.
Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
VSAO:0000131
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
PSPUB:0000169
ossicle
Ossicles are composed of a combination skeletal tissues, including bone, calcified cartilage, hyaline cartilage, etc, and exhibit variable development across species. Ossicles are not necessarily jointed, and examples include the menisci of synovial joints, "Panda's thumb" (radial sesamoid), cardiac skeletal elements, sclerotic bones, middle ear ossicles, and sesamoids.
Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition.
VSAO:0000132
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000169
Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition.
axial ossicle
Examples of axial ossicles include the ossified tendons adjacent to the neural spines of the vertebral column.
Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.
VSAO:0000133
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.
PSPUB:0000169
ossified tendon
Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint.
VSAO:0000134
intratendonous ossification
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000169
Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint.
replacement element
Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue.
VSAO:0000135
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue.
direct ossification
GO:0036072
Ossification that does not require the replacement of pre-existing tissues, most often a cartilaginous model.
VSAO:0000136
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Ossification that does not require the replacement of pre-existing tissues, most often a cartilaginous model.
sesamoid
Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation.
Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.
VSAO:0000137
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation.
PSPUB:0000169
ligamentous replacement element
Replacement element that forms as a replacement of a ligament.
VSAO:0000138
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Replacement element that forms as a replacement of a ligament.
endochondral element
A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
VSAO:0000139
endochondral replacement element
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
GO_REF:0000034
replacement ossification
GO:0036075
Ossification that requires the replacement of a pre-existing tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
VSAO:0000140
indirect ossification
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Ossification that requires the replacement of a pre-existing tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
VSAO:curator
intramembranous ossification
Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme with the formation of an osteogenic condensation not associated with a perichondrium.
GO:0001957
GO:0001957
VSAO:0000141
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme with the formation of an osteogenic condensation not associated with a perichondrium.
VSAO:curator
metaplastic ossification
Direct ossification in which transformation of the pre-existing tissue occurs without dedifferentiation of cells or reinitiation of cell division; direct transformation of a non-bone tissue into a bone tissue.
GO:0036074
VSAO:0000142
metaplasia
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Direct ossification in which transformation of the pre-existing tissue occurs without dedifferentiation of cells or reinitiation of cell division; direct transformation of a non-bone tissue into a bone tissue.
VSAO:curator
endochondral ossification
GO:0001958
Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
VSAO:0000143
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
VSAO:curator
perichondral ossification
GO:0036073
Intramembranous ossification on the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
VSAO:0000144
true
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Intramembranous ossification on the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
VSAO:curator
endochondral bone
Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
VSAO:0000145
ossified chondrogenic bone
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
transient cartilaginous element
Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage during development and has the potential to become replaced by another tissue.
VSAO:0000146
endochondral replacement cartilage
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage during development and has the potential to become replaced by another tissue.
GO_REF:0000034
pectoral fin
Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.
UBERON:0000151
VSAO:0000147
forefin
nageoire pectorale (French)
omoptérygie (French)
thoracoptérygie (French)
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000164
nageoire pectorale (French)
PSPUB:0000154
omoptérygie (French)
Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.
TAO:curator
PSPUB:0000140
thoracoptérygie (French)
forelimb
VSAO:0000148
pectoral limb
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
pharyngeal arch
VSAO:0000149
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
hindlimb
VSAO:0000150
hind limb
hind-limb
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
forelimb skeleton
VSAO:0000151
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
hindlimb skeleton
VSAO:0000152
hind limb skeleton
hind-limb skeleton
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
pectoral fin skeleton
Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid.
VSAO:0000153
forefin skeleton
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid.
TAO:curator
pelvic fin skeleton
Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radials and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia.
VSAO:0000154
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radials and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia.
TAO:GA_TG
pelvic girdle skeleton
Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.
VSAO:0000155
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.
UBERON:cjm
pectoral girdle skeleton
Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.
VSAO:0000156
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature.
UBERON:cjm
scapula
VSAO:0000157
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
coracoid
VSAO:0000158
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
ossified ligament
Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint.
VSAO:0000159
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
PSPUB:0000169
Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint.
anocleithrum
Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is dorsal to and articulates with the cleithrum.
In sarcopterygians; analogous in position to postcleithrum in actinopterygians.
VSAO:0000160
anocleithra
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
anocleithra
Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is dorsal to and articulates with the cleithrum.
VSAO:curator
interclavicle
Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is median and ventral in position.
VSAO:0000161
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is median and ventral in position.
VSAO:curator
median fin
Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.
VSAO:0000162
nageoire impaire (French)
périssoptérygie (French)
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000164
nageoire impaire (French)
Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.
TAO:curator
PSPUB:0000140
périssoptérygie (French)
anal fin
Median fin that is located posterior to the anus.
VSAO:0000163
nageoire anale (French)
proctoptère (French)
proctoptérygie (French)
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000164
nageoire anale (French)
Median fin that is located posterior to the anus.
TAO:curator
PAPUB:0000142
PSPUB:0000140
proctoptérygie (French)
PSPUB:0000136
proctoptère (French)
caudal fin
The caudal fin is the most posterior median fin. It is composed of a complex of three modified centra and modified neural and hemal arches and spines. Mabee and Bird, 2001.
VSAO:0000164
nageoire caudale (French)
tail
tail fin
uroptère (French)
uroptérygie (French)
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000135
uroptère (French)
PSPUB:0000164
nageoire caudale (French)
The caudal fin is the most posterior median fin. It is composed of a complex of three modified centra and modified neural and hemal arches and spines. Mabee and Bird, 2001.
ZFIN:curator
PSPUB:0000140
uroptérygie (French)
dorsal fin
Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
VSAO:0000165
nageoire dorsale (French)
notoptère (French)
notoptérygie (French)
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000164
nageoire dorsale (French)
Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
TAO:curator
PSPUB:0000140
notoptérygie (French)
PSPUB:0000163
notoptère (French)
anal fin skeleton
Median fin skeleton that is located posterior to the anus.
VSAO:0000166
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Median fin skeleton that is located posterior to the anus.
TAO:curator
caudal fin skeleton
Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin.
VSAO:0000167
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin.
TAO:curator
dorsal fin skeleton
Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
VSAO:0000168
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
TAO:curator
paired fin skeleton
Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).
VSAO:0000169
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).
TAO:curator
median fin skeleton
Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism.
VSAO:0000170
axial fin skeleton
unpaired fin skeleton
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism.
TAO:curator
scapular complex
A scapular complex is described in placoderms (Goujet and Young, 1995).
Skeletal subdivision of dermal bones that may include the anterolateral plate (AL), the spinal process (Sp), and anteroventral plate (AV) and other dermal bones that are part of the pectoral girdle.
VSAO:0000171
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletal subdivision of dermal bones that may include the anterolateral plate (AL), the spinal process (Sp), and anteroventral plate (AV) and other dermal bones that are part of the pectoral girdle.
VSAO:curator
lepidotrichium
Dermal bone that is rod-like, formed and usually contained in a fin membrane, and jointed to or adjacent to distal radials. Lepidotrichia are formed from paired hemitrichia surrounding actinotrichia. There are usually two more lepidotrichia than distal radials.
VSAO:0000172
fin ray
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Dermal bone that is rod-like, formed and usually contained in a fin membrane, and jointed to or adjacent to distal radials. Lepidotrichia are formed from paired hemitrichia surrounding actinotrichia. There are usually two more lepidotrichia than distal radials.
TAO:curator
pelvic fin lepidotrichium
Lepidotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin skeleton.
VSAO:0000173
pelvic fin lepidotrichia
pelvic fin ray
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Lepidotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin skeleton.
TAO:curator
pelvic fin lepidotrichia
caudal fin lepidotrichium
Lepidotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton.
VSAO:0000174
caudal fin ray
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Lepidotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton.
TAO:curator
pectoral fin lepidotrichium
Each pectoral lepidotrichium may be unsegmented (e.g., spine), segmented but unbranched (e.g., leading ray) or segmented and branched. Definition of lepidotrichium by Schultze and Arratia (1989: 217). For additional information about lepidotrichia see Arratia et al. 2001 and Arratia 2008.
Lepidotrichium that is part of the pectoral fin skeleton.
VSAO:0000175
pectoral fin lepidotrichia
pectoral fin ray
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
pectoral fin lepidotrichia
Lepidotrichium that is part of the pectoral fin skeleton.
TAO:curator
anal fin lepidotrichium
Lepidotrichium that is part of the anal fin skeleton.
VSAO:0000176
anal fin lepidotrichia
anal fin ray
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
anal fin lepidotrichia
Lepidotrichium that is part of the anal fin skeleton.
TAO:curator
dorsal fin lepidotrichium
Lepidotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton.
VSAO:0000177
dorsal fin lepidotrichia
dorsal fin ray
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Lepidotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton.
TAO:curator
dorsal fin lepidotrichia
embryonic structure
Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.
VSAO:0000178
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.
ZFIN:curator
fin bud
VSAO:0000179
fin buds
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
fin buds
process
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.
VSAO:0000180
bony projection
flange
flanges
lamella
lamellae
lamina
laminae
processes
projection
projections
ridge
ridges
shelf
shelves
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
shelves
ridges
processes
lamellae
flanges
projections
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.
TAO:curator
articular system
Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
VSAO:0000181
joint system
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
VSAO:curator
suprabranchial fin
Paired fin that is a bilaterally paired anterior outgrowth located high on the side of the animal, not far behind the orbit, with the posterior extremity corresponding with the expected posterior end of the branchial region.
Suprabranchial fins are anterior outgrowths from the cephalothorax of thelodonts. Typically scale covered. They do not appear to contain skeletal tissues or elements.
VSAO:0000182
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
PSPUB:0000172
Paired fin that is a bilaterally paired anterior outgrowth located high on the side of the animal, not far behind the orbit, with the posterior extremity corresponding with the expected posterior end of the branchial region.
vertebral centrum
Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.
The vertebral centrum may be cartilaginous, develop as cartilage but be replaced by bone or mineralized, or form directly through intramembranous ossification.
VSAO:0000183
centrum
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.
VSAO:curator
vertebral element
Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.
VSAO:0000184
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.
TAO:curator
vertebral column
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.
VSAO:0000185
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.
VSAO:curator
femur
2012-03-08T09:23:01Z
Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium.
VSAO:0000186
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium.
VSAO:NI
pectoral appendage/girdle complex
2012-04-23T10:37:01Z
Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.
VSAO:0000213
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle.
VSAO:MAH
appendage/girdle complex
2012-04-23T10:46:51Z
Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.
It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.
VSAO:0000214
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.
GO_REF:0000034
pelvic appendage/girdle complex
2012-04-23T10:51:37Z
Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.
VSAO:0000215
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.
VSAO:MAH
free limb skeleton
2012-06-26T07:29:11Z
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.
VSAO:0000300
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.
limb/fin skeleton
2012-06-26T07:42:15Z
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.
VSAO:0000301
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.
girdle skeleton
2012-06-26T09:34:08Z
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.
VSAO:0000302
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
GO_REF:0000034
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.
appendage girdle region
2012-06-26T09:36:49Z
An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.
VSAO:0000303
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.
UBERON:cjm
pelvic girdle region
2012-06-26T09:40:03Z
Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pelvic girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.
Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.
VSAO:0000304
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.
UBERON:cjm
pectoral girdle region
2012-06-26T09:40:22Z
An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.
Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.
VSAO:0000305
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.
UBERON:cjm
appendicular skeletal system
2012-06-26T10:22:36Z
Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.
VSAO:0000306
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.
UBERON:cjm
perichordal bone
2012-07-13T10:45:03Z
Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord.
VSAO:0000307
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord.
GO_REF:0000034
perichondral bone
2012-07-13T10:46:34Z
Bone element that is located on the surface of a cartilage element.
VSAO:0000308
haendel
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Bone element that is located on the surface of a cartilage element.
GO_REF:0000034
stylopodial skeleton
2012-01-27T02:33:19Z
Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.
VSAO:0005007
nizaribrahim
propodium
stylopod
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.
VSAO:NI
zeugopodial skeleton
2012-01-27T02:50:34Z
Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium.
VSAO:0005010
epipodium
nizaribrahim
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
zygopodium
Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium.
VSAO:NI
autopodial skeleton
2012-01-30T01:38:27Z
Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.
VSAO:0005019
nizaribrahim
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.
VSAO:NI
mesopodial skeleton
2012-01-30T01:45:41Z
Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.
VSAO:0005022
basipodium
nizaribrahim
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.
VSAO:NI
metapodial skeleton
2012-01-30T01:58:58Z
Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.
VSAO:0005025
nizaribrahim
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.
VSAO:NI
acropodial skeleton
2012-01-30T02:09:30Z
Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges.
UBERON:0002254
VSAO:0005028
nizaribrahim
sometimes mistakenly used to include the metapodium
vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges.
VSAO:NI