$Revision: 8.04.2012 $ Contact Wasila Dahdul: Wasila.Dahdul@usd.edu. 06:11:2012 01:32 1.2 OBO-Edit 2.1.1-beta8 To the extent possible under law, Wasila M. Dahdul has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to the Vertebrate Skeletal Anatomy Ontology (VSAO), under CC0 license (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This work is published from the United States. UBERON balhoff vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy definition antisymmetric property term replaced by PLURAL synonym_type_property has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_synonym_type shorthand treat-xrefs-as-equivalent part_of BFO:0000050 note that all the uses of part_of in this ontology are for proper part of part_of part_of vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy has part BFO:0000051 has_part has_part vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy participates in BFO BFO:0000056 participates_in participates_in overlaps RO:0002131 overlaps overlaps vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy develops from RO:0002202 develops_from develops_from vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy capable_of RO:0002215 capable_of capable_of vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy develops_in RO:0002226 develops_in develops_in vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy produces RO:0003000 produces produces vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy transformation_of OBO_REL:0000013 OBO_REL:transformation_of Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2. When an embryonic oenocyte (a type of insect cell) is transformed into a larval oenocyte, one and the same continuant entity preserves its identity while instantiating distinct classes at distinct times. The class-level relation transformation_of obtains between continuant classes C and C1 wherever each instance of the class C is such as to have existed at some earlier time as an instance of the distinct class C1 (see Figure 2 in paper). This relation is illustrated first of all at the molecular level of granularity by the relation between mature RNA and the pre-RNA from which it is processed, or between (UV-induced) thymine-dimer and thymine dinucleotide. At coarser levels of granularity it is illustrated by the transformations involved in the creation of red blood cells, for example, from reticulocyte to erythrocyte, and by processes of development, for example, from larva to pupa, or from (post-gastrular) embryo to fetus or from child to adult. It is also manifest in pathological transformations, for example, of normal colon into carcinomatous colon. In each such case, one and the same continuant entity instantiates distinct classes at different times in virtue of phenotypic changes. vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PMID:15892874 Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2. adjacent_to adjacent_to vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy capable_of_producing capable_of_producing vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy has_integral_part OBO_REL:0000005 has_integral_part true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy has_location has_location vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy has_quality caro has_quality integral_part_of C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C OBO_REL:0000004 integral_part_of true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C PMID:15892874 anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:0000000 caro Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:MAH FMA:62955 anatomical structure CARO:0000003 Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. caro CARO:MAH FMA:67135 Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. portion of organism substance CARO:0000004 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. caro CARO:MAH FMA:9669 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. anatomical space CARO:0000005 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. caro CARO:MAH FMA:5897 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. CARO:0000006 caro Anatomical entity that has mass. CARO:MAH FMA:67165 immaterial anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. CARO:0000007 caro Anatomical entity that has no mass. CARO:MAH FMA:67112 anatomical line CARO:0000008 Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, whiVSAO forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface. caro CARO:MAH FMA:9657 Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, whiVSAO forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface. anatomical point CARO:0000009 Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. caro CARO:MAH FMA:9658 Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. anatomical surface CARO:0000010 Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures. caro CARO:MAH FMA:24137 Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures. anatomical system Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity. CARO:0000011 caro Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity. CARO:MAH FMA:7149 multi-cellular organism Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. CARO:0000012 caro Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. CARO:MAH FMA:256135 cell Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:0000013 GO:0005623 caro Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:MAH cell component Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell. CARO:0000014 caro Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell. CARO:MAH FMA:86454 compound organ component CARO:0000019 Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. caro CARO:MAH Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. simple organ CARO:0000021 Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. caro CARO:MAH Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. compound organ Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. CARO:0000024 caro Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. CARO:MAH male organism CARO:0000027 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. caro CARO:MAH Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. female organism CARO:0000028 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. caro CARO:MAH Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. hermaphroditic organism CARO:0000029 Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. caro dioecious organism CARO:MAH Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. asexual organism CARO:0000030 Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes. caro CARO:MAH Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes. organism subdivision Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. CARO:0000032 caro Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. CARO:MAH acellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. CARO:0000040 caro Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. CARO:MAH FMA:63863 anatomical cluster Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. CARO:0000041 caro Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. CARO:MAH FMA:49443 extraembryonic structure Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. CARO:0000042 caro Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. CARO:MAH tissue Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. CARO:0000043 caro portion of tissue Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. CARO:MAH FMA:9637 sequential hermaphroditic organism CARO:0000045 Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. caro consecutive hermaphroditic organism CARO:MAH Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. synchronous hermaphroditic organism CARO:0000046 Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. caro serially hermaphroditic organism CARO:MAH Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. gonochoristic organism CARO:0000048 Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes. caro monoecious organism CARO:MAH Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes. protandrous hermaphroditic organism CARO:0000049 Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex. caro CARO:MAH Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex. protogynous hermaphroditic organism CARO:0000050 Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex. caro CARO:MAH Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex. anatomical group Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. CARO:0000054 caro Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. CARO:MAH multi-tissue structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 caro Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:MAH cell space Anatomical space that is part of a cell. CARO:0000062 caro Anatomical space that is part of a cell. CARO:mah portion of cell substance CARO:0000063 Portion of organism substance located within a cell. caro CARO:mah Portion of organism substance located within a cell. single cell organism CARO:0000064 Cell that is an individual member of a species. caro CARO:MAH Cell that is an individual member of a species. basal lamina Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. CARO:0000065 caro Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. CARO:MAH epithelium CARO:0000066 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. caro CARO:MAH FMA:9639 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. simple cuboidal epithelium CARO:0000067 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. caro CARO:MAH FMA:45566 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. simple columnar epithelium CARO:0000068 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells. caro CARO:MAH FMA:45567 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells. multilaminar epithelium CARO:0000069 Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells. caro CARO:MAH Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells. FMA:45562 simple squamous epithelium CARO:0000070 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells. caro CARO:MAH FMA:45565 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells. atypical epithelium CARO:0000071 Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. caro CARO:MAH Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. cavitated compound organ CARO:0000072 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. caro CARO:MAH Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. unilaminar epithelium CARO:0000073 Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. caro CARO:MAH Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. FMA:45561 solid compound organ CARO:0000074 Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. caro CARO:MAH Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. epithelial cell CARO:0000077 Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. caro CARO:MAH Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. multi-cell-component structure A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. CARO:0001000 caro A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. FBC:DOS neuron projection bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 caro nerve fiber bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. FBC:DOS FBC:DOS nerve fiber bundle neuron projection bundle segment 2011-09-10T04:22:25Z A fiber-shaped subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis. CARO:0001500 caro djs93 A fiber-shaped subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis. CAROC:DOS neuron projection bundle subsegment 2011-09-10T04:24:17Z A subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis that is sufficiently short that it is not fiber-shaped. CARO:0001501 caro djs93 A subdivision of a neuron projection along its long axis that is sufficiently short that it is not fiber-shaped. CAROC:DOS native cell A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:0000013 CL:0000003 To accommodate unicellular organisms better, 'cell in vivo' has been re-labeled 'native cell' to better represent its intended meaning - that is, that it is a cell in the context of a multicellular organism or in a natural environment. 'Native' is intended to contrast with 'in vitro', which refers to cells or other biological entities that have been intentionally placed in a controlled, non-natural setting for the purpose of study or manipulation. (MAH 1.12.12). cell cell in vivo A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:mah migratory cranial neural crest cell CL:0000008 cell non-terminally differentiated cell A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. BTO:0000125 CL:0000055 FMA:84782 blast cell cell define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent? A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. SANBI:mhl chondroblast BTO:0003607 CL:0000058 FMA:66783 Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. cell chrondoplast GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0618947256 Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. ameloblast BTO:0001663 CL:0000053 CL:0000059 CL:0000139 FMA:70576 Legacy definition: A cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ. Their functions include contribution to the development of the dentinoenamel junction by the deposition of a layer of the matrix, thus producing the foundation for the prisms (the structural units of the dental enamel), and production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismatic substance. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992). Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. amelocyte cell enamel secreting cell GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000034 MESH:A.11.436.107 Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. odontoblast BTO:0001769 CL:0000060 FMA:62999 Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. cell legacy def: One of the cells forming the outer surface of dental pulp that produces tooth dentin. GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0618947256 Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. cementoblast CL:0000061 CL:0000859 FMA:63002 Legacy def: A cell of ectomesenchymal origin that aids in the formation the cementum layer on the roots of teeth. Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (a bony substance that covers the root of a tooth), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell. cell cementum secreting cell GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0781733901 Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (a bony substance that covers the root of a tooth), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell. osteoblast BTO:0001593 CL:0000062 FMA:66780 Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. cell non-encoded relationships from VSAO - capable_of_producing mineralized extracellular matrix. part_of osteoid GO_REF:0000034 MESH:A.11.329.629 Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. mesenchymal cell A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. This cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. BMSC BTO:0002625 BTO:0003298 CFU-F CL:0000134 CL:0002452 FMA:70546 MSC Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2. bone marrow stromal cells cell colony-forming unit-fibroblast marrow stromal cells mesenchymal precursor cell mesenchymal progenitor cells mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stromal cell mesenchymal stromal cells stem cells, mesenchymal A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. This cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. FB:ma GOC:dsd PMCID:PMC2613570 PMID:10102814j PMID:16923606 PMID:17986482 PMID:19960544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells PMID:11378515 marrow stromal cells MSC PMID:11378515 MESH:D044982 mesenchymal progenitor cells MESH:D044982 stem cells, mesenchymal osteocyte A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi. BTO:0002038 CL:0000137 FMA:66779 bone cell cell need to add non-terminally differentiated osteoblast to CL and use that for the develops from. A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi. GOC:tfm MESH:A.11.329.629.500 chondrocyte BTO:0000249 CL:0000138 FMA:66782 Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. cartilage cell cell GO_REF:0000034 MESH:A.11.329.171 Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. odontocyte CL:0000140 Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell. cell develops_from differs from CL as need to add the non-terminally differentiated odontoblast class to CL GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell. cementocyte An osteocytelike cell with numerous processes, trapped in a lacuna in the cement of the tooth. CHECK: wikipedia says that cementocytes no longer produce cementum, but the phenoscape def is: Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell (no change to existing def). CL:0000141 FMA:63003 cell An osteocytelike cell with numerous processes, trapped in a lacuna in the cement of the tooth. ISBN:0781733901 secretory cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. BTO:0003659 CL:0000151 FMA:86916 cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 mesodermal cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. CL:0000222 FMA:72554 cell mesoblast mesoderm cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. MESH:A.16.254.425.660 migratory neural crest cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. CL:0000333 FMA:86667 cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. MESH:A.16.254.600 periarticular chondrocyte A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. CL:0000742 cell A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. PMID:15951842 hypertrophic chondrocyte CL:0000743 Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification). cell is hypertrophic pathological or normal? and can it be described using a pato term? Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification). GO_REF:0000034 PMID:15951842 bone cell 2011-11-16T04:28:16Z A connective tissue cell found in bone. CL:0001035 adiehl cell A connective tissue cell found in bone. GOC:add GO_REF:0000034 terminally differentiated osteoblast CL:0001039 Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix. VSAO:0000116 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix. VSAO:curator non-terminally differentiated osteoblast CL:0001040 Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone. VSAO relationship simplified OBO_REL:integral_part_of cellular bone tissue VSAO:0000117 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone. VSAO:curator connective tissue cell 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. CL:0002320 CL:1000406 FMA:63875 cell tmeehan A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 embryonic cell 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z A cell of the embryo. CL:0002321 FMA:82840 FMA:82841 WBbt:0007028 cell tmeehan A cell of the embryo. FMA:0618947256 preameloblast 2012-06-15T01:27:01Z CL:0007000 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins. cell haendel GO_REF:0000034 PMCID:PMC2737325 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins. skeletogenic cell 2012-06-15T02:51:27Z CL:0007001 Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts cell haendel scleroblast GO_REF:0000034 scleroblast Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). GO_REF:0000034 precementoblast 2012-06-15T04:37:13Z CL:0007002 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. cell haendel GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. preodontoblast 2012-06-15T05:15:11Z CL:0007003 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. cell haendel GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. premigratory neural crest cell 2012-06-27T08:27:35Z CL:0007004 Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. cell haendel Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. UBERONREF:0000002 notochordal cell 2012-06-27T08:47:31Z CL:0007005 Cell that is part of the notochord. NOTE: TO DO, notochord development still needs work. cell haendel Cell that is part of the notochord. GO_REF:0000034 chordamesodermal cell 2012-06-27T08:52:41Z CL:0007006 Mesodermal cell that is axially located and gives rise to the cells of the notochord. cell haendel GO_REF:0000034 Mesodermal cell that is axially located and gives rise to the cells of the notochord. notochordal sheath cell 2012-06-27T09:26:37Z CL:0007007 Notochordal cell that is part of the outer epithelium of the notochord and surrounds the vacuolated notochord cells. cell haendel CL:MAH Notochordal cell that is part of the outer epithelium of the notochord and surrounds the vacuolated notochord cells. notochordal vacuole cell 2012-06-27T09:29:30Z CL:0007008 Notochordal cell that is inner portion of the notochord and becomes vacuolated as development proceeds. cell chordablast chordoblast haendel PMID:14574572 chordoblast GO_REF:0000034 chordablast CL:MAH Notochordal cell that is inner portion of the notochord and becomes vacuolated as development proceeds. prechondroblast 2012-06-27T10:44:01Z CL:0007009 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. cell haendel GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. preosteoblast 2012-06-27T10:57:21Z CL:0007010 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells. cell haendel osteoprogenitor cell GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells. non-terminally differentiated odontoblast CL:0007012 Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell. vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell. terminally differentiated odontoblast CL:0007013 Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine. vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine. ossification GO:0001503 Note that this term does not have a 'developmental process' parent because ossification isn't necessarily developmental, can also occur as part of bone remodeling. Instead use 'ossification involved in bone maturation ; GO:0043931'. The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. Wikipedia:Ossification biological_process bone biosynthesis bone formation osteogenesis GOC:mtg_mpo PMID:17572649 The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. osteoblast differentiation GO:0001649 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. biological_process osteoblast cell differentiation CL:0000062 GOC:jid GO_REF:0000034 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. intramembranous ossification An instance of intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division. Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. GO:0001957 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification biological_process dermal ossification Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. ISBN:0878932437 GO_REF:0000034 dermal ossification endochondral ossification GO:0001958 Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification biological_process GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0878932437 Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. biological_process Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process biological process unknown biological_process physiological process Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete bone mineralization GO:0030282 The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue. biological_process bone calcification GOC:mah The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue. biomineral tissue development Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation. GO:0031214 Wikipedia:Biomineralisation biological_process biomineral formation biomineralization mineralization Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation. PMID:15132736 GOC:dph GOC:tb biomineral formation secretion by cell GO:0032940 The controlled release of a substance by a cell. Wikipedia:Secretion biological_process cellular secretion GOC:mah The controlled release of a substance by a cell. bone mineralization involved in bone maturation Bone mineralization can also occur after a fracture and as a response to stress; in these cases, consider using the term 'bone mineralization ; GO:0030282'. GO:0035630 The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. biological_process GOC:BHF GOC:bf The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. direct ossification GO:0036072 The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. biological_process GO_REF:0000034 The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. perichondral ossification GO:0036073 Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage. biological_process GO_REF:0000034 Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage. metaplastic ossification Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division. GO:0036074 Some intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division. biological_process metaplasia GO_REF:0000034 metaplasia Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division. GO_REF:0000034 replacement ossification GO:0036075 Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation. biological_process indirect ossification GO_REF:0000034 indirect ossification GO_REF:0000034 Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation. ligamentous ossification GO:0036076 Ligamentous ossification may occur via replacement ossification or metaplastic ossification or both in any one instance. Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue. biological_process GO_REF:0000034 Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue. intratendonous ossification GO:0036077 Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue. Tendonous ossification may occur via replacement ossification or metaplastic ossification or both in any one instance. biological_process GO_REF:0000034 Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue. ossification involved in bone maturation GO:0043931 The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. biological_process ossification involved in bone modeling ossification involved in skeletal development GOC:dph ossification involved in skeletal development GO_REF:0000034 ossification involved in bone modeling GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:mtg_mpo The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. bone development GO:0060348 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. biological_process GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. bone morphogenesis GO:0060349 The process in which bones are generated and organized. biological_process GOC:dph The process in which bones are generated and organized. endochondral bone morphogenesis GO:0060350 The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. biological_process GOC:dph PMID:11680679 The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. bone maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state. GO:0070977 biological_process A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state. GOC:dph GOC:mah quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities. PATO:0000001 PATO:0000072 quality trait A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities. PATOC:GVG ossified A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being hardened by the deposition of calcium into bone. PATO:0001448 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being hardened by the deposition of calcium into bone. MAMMALOGY:MAMMALOGY cartilaginous A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's cartilage quantities. Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes (CL:0000138) that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastin fibers PATO:0001449 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's cartilage quantities. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous cartilage element Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. VSAO:0000000 cartilage cartilaginous element chondrogenic element vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. surface structure Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface. VSAO:0000001 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface. ZFIN:curator mode of ossification GO:0001503 GO:0001503 The formation of bone or of a bony substanc, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. VSAO:0000002 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GOC:mtg_mpo, PMID:17572649 The formation of bone or of a bony substanc, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. permanent cartilage Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage that is not replaced. VSAO:0000003 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage that is not replaced. GO_REF:0000034 opercle bone Dermal bone that forms the postero-dorsal part of the opercular series. The opercle articulates with the hyomandibula antero-dorsally and with the subopercle ventrally. The opercle is a paired bone. TAO:0000250 Term resides in TAO. VSAO:0000004 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Dermal bone that forms the postero-dorsal part of the opercular series. The opercle articulates with the hyomandibula antero-dorsally and with the subopercle ventrally. The opercle is a paired bone. TAO:curator basihyal element TAO:0001891 Term resides in TAO. VSAO:0000005 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy cell condensation Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). VSAO:0000006 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). GO_REF:0000034 basihyal bone Endochondral bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch. TAO:0000316 Term resides in TAO. VSAO:0000007 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Endochondral bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch. TAO:curator neural crest cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. CL:0000333 CL:0000333 VSAO:0000008 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. VSAO:curator notochordal cell CL:0007005 Cell of the notochord, often vacuolated or resembles a chondrocyte. VSAO:0000009 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cell of the notochord, often vacuolated or resembles a chondrocyte. VSAO:curator notochordal mesodermal cell CL:0007006 VSAO:0000010 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy mesodermal cell CL:0000222 CL:0000222 Cell derived from mesoderm. VSAO:0000011 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cell derived from mesoderm. VSAO:curator skeletogenic cell CL:0007001 Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g., cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). VSAO:0000012 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g., cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). VSAO:curator mineralized tissue VSAO:0000013 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy basihyal cartilage Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch. TAO:0001510 Term resides in TAO. VSAO:0000014 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch. TAO:curator skeletal tissue A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support. VSAO:0000015 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support. GO_REF:0000034 basihyal condensation VSAO:0000016 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy connective tissue Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. VSAO:0000017 portion of connective tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. ventral hyoid arch TAO:0001402 Term resides in TAO. VSAO:0000018 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy chordablast CL:0007008 Epithelial cell that is large, vacuolated, and part of the notochord. VSAO:0000019 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Epithelial cell that is large, vacuolated, and part of the notochord. VSAO:curator mineralized extracellular matrix Extracellular matrix that is mineralized. VSAO:0000020 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Extracellular matrix that is mineralized. GO_REF:0000034 proteinaceous extracellular matrix A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684]. VSAO:0000021 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684]. GO:[GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198547684] GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:curator extracellular matrix Combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells. ECM VSAO:0000022 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy ECM VSAO:curator Combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells. GO_REF:0000034 membrane bone Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. VSAO:0000023 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. GO_REF:0000034 intercalar Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977). Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal. TAO:0000474 Term resides in TAO. VSAO:0000024 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977). Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal. TAO:curator odontogenic papilla Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium. VSAO:0000025 dental papilla odontogenic condensation vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator dental papilla VSAO:curator odontogenic condensation Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium. GO_REF:0000034 skeleton Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. VSAO:0000026 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. GO_REF:0000034 skeletal system Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. VSAO:0000027 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. GO_REF:0000034 integumentary papilla Odontogenic papilla that is located in the integument. VSAO:0000028 scale papilla vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator scale papilla GO_REF:0000034 Odontogenic papilla that is located in the integument. integument Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body. VSAO:0000029 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body. oropharyngeal papilla Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton. VSAO:0000030 oropharyngeal dental papilla vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton. VSAO:curator oropharyngeal dental papilla musculoskeletal system Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. VSAO:0000031 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. VSAO:curator notochord Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue. VSAO:0000032 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue. GO_REF:0000034 muscular system Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body. VSAO:0000033 musculature system vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator musculature system Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body. VSAO:curator oropharynx VSAO:0000034 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy dermal skeleton Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. VSAO:0000035 dermal skeletal system dermoskeleton desmoskeleton exoskeleton vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator exoskeleton VSAO:curator dermal skeletal system GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements. VSAO:curator desmoskeleton VSAO:curator dermoskeleton perichondrium Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage. VSAO:0000036 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage. GO_REF:0000034 endoskeleton Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. VSAO:0000037 replacement skeleton vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator replacement skeleton GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues. preameloblast CL:0007000 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. VSAO:0000038 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. VSAO:curator chordoblast CL:0007008 Skeletogenic cell that is derived from the notochordal mesoderm and produces notochordal tissue (and cartilage tissue in some taxa). VSAO:0000039 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that is derived from the notochordal mesoderm and produces notochordal tissue (and cartilage tissue in some taxa). VSAO:curator cartilage tissue Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. VSAO:0000040 cartilage chondrogenic tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator cartilage GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. VSAO:curator chondrogenic tissue preodontoblast CL:0007003 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a neural crest cell. VSAO:0000041 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a neural crest cell. VSAO:curator skeletal subdivision Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton. VSAO:0000042 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton. VSAO:curator precementoblast CL:0007002 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. VSAO:0000043 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. VSAO:curator prechondroblast CL:0007009 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. VSAO:0000044 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. VSAO:curator preosteoblast CL:0007010 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells. VSAO:0000045 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells. VSAO:curator osteoid Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue. VSAO:0000046 pre-bone prebone vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator prebone Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue. GO_REF:0000034 GO_REF:0000034 pre-bone bone tissue Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. VSAO:0000047 bone osteogenic tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. VSAO:curator bone VSAO:curator osteogenic tissue scale VSAO:0000048 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy cranial skeleton Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. VSAO:0000049 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. dense regular connective tissue Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). VSAO:0000050 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). GO_REF:0000034 lepidosteoid scale Multi-layer ganoid scale composed of ganoine and cellular bone. VSAO:0000051 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Multi-layer ganoid scale composed of ganoine and cellular bone. ganoid scale Thick, rhomboid-shaped integumentary skeletal element composed of multiple tissues including ganoine and bone. VSAO:0000052 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Thick, rhomboid-shaped integumentary skeletal element composed of multiple tissues including ganoine and bone. vacuolated notochordal tissue Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells. VSAO:0000053 notochord proper vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator notochord proper Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells. GO_REF:0000034 perichordal tissue Derived from cells surrounding the notochord (possibly the slerotome). Disparate from (not derived from) notochord. Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin. VSAO:0000054 notochord perichordal connective tissue perichordal sheath perichordal sheath tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator perichordal sheath tissue VSAO:curator perichordal connective tissue VSAO:curator perichordal sheath Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:curator notochord polypteroid scale Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine, elasmodine and cellular bone. VSAO:0000055 polypterid scale vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine, elasmodine and cellular bone. VSAO:curator polypterid scale axial skeleton Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum. VSAO:0000056 axial skeletal system vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator axial skeletal system GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum. bone element Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. VSAO:0000057 bone bone organ vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. chondroblast CL:0000058 CL:0000058 Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. VSAO:0000058 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. VSAO:curator avascular GAG-rich matrix Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans. VSAO:0000059 avascular glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix cartilage matrix cartilage-like matrix vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator cartilage-like matrix VSAO:curator avascular glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix VSAO:curator cartilage matrix GO_REF:0000034 Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans. osteoblast CL:0000062 CL:0000062 Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. VSAO:0000060 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. VSAO:curator cementoblast CL:0000061 CL:0000061 Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (= bone of attachment), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell. VSAO:0000061 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (= bone of attachment), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell. VSAO:curator cementum Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument. VSAO:0000062 bone of attachment vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator bone of attachment GO_REF:0000034 Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument. odontoid tissue Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. VSAO:0000063 dental tissue odontogenic tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator odontogenic tissue GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla. VSAO:curator dental tissue ameloblast CL:0000059 CL:0000059 Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. VSAO:0000064 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. VSAO:curator enamel Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix. VSAO:0000065 enamel tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix. VSAO:curator enamel tissue pre-enamel Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. VSAO:0000066 pre-enamel tissue preenamel tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator preenamel tissue VSAO:curator pre-enamel tissue GO_REF:0000034 Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. paired appendage VSAO:0000067 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy odontoblast CL:0000060 CL:0000060 Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. VSAO:0000068 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. VSAO:curator dentine Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular. VSAO:0000069 dental tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:curator dental tissue elasmoid scale Multi-tissue integumentary element composed dentine, elasmodine, and hypermineralized tissue. VSAO:0000070 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Multi-tissue integumentary element composed dentine, elasmodine, and hypermineralized tissue. pre-dentine Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix. VSAO:0000071 pre-dentine tissue predentine tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator predentine tissue GO_REF:0000034 Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix. VSAO:curator pre-dentine tissue ligament Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. VSAO:0000072 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. GO_REF:0000034 tendon Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. VSAO:0000073 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. GO_REF:0000034 palaeoniscoid scale Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine and bone; not known in extant taxa. Palaeoniscus-type scale VSAO:0000074 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Palaeoniscus-type scale VSAO:curator GO_REF:0000034 Multi-tissue structure composed of ganoine, dentine and bone; not known in extant taxa. appendage VSAO:0000075 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy appendicular skeleton Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes. VSAO:0000076 appendicular skeletal system vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator appendicular skeletal system GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes. UBERON:cjm non-mineralized chondroid tissue VSAO:0000077 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy chondroid tissue Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue. VSAO:0000078 chondroid bone tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator chondroid bone tissue GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue. TAO:curator odontode scale Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis. VSAO:0000079 placoid scale vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator placoid scale GO_REF:0000034 Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis. keratin-based scale Fold or elevation of the epidermis rich in keratin proteins; possibly calcified but does not contain skeletal elements. VSAO:0000080 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Fold or elevation of the epidermis rich in keratin proteins; possibly calcified but does not contain skeletal elements. GO_REF:0000034 cosmoid scale Multi-tissue integumentary element composed of enamel or enameloid, dentine and lamellar bone, and characterized by pore-canal system. VSAO:0000081 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Multi-tissue integumentary element composed of enamel or enameloid, dentine and lamellar bone, and characterized by pore-canal system. craniofacial skeleton Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells. Cranio-facial skeleton VSAO:0000082 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cranio-facial skeleton VSAO:curator Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells. GO_REF:0000034 craniofacial region VSAO:0000083 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy cementocyte CL:0000141 CL:0000141 Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell. VSAO:0000084 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell. VSAO:curator chondrocyte CL:0000138 CL:0000138 Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. VSAO:0000085 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. VSAO:curator secondary cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation. VSAO:0000086 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation. GO_REF:0000034 cosmine VSAO:0000087 cosmoid scale tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 cosmoid scale tissue mineralized cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is mineralized. VSAO:0000088 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cartilage tissue that is mineralized. GO_REF:0000034 non-mineralized cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized. VSAO:0000089 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized. GO_REF:0000034 integumentary skeleton Skeletal subdivision that is part of the extra-oral dermal skeletal system that develops and remains invested within the integument, primarily the dermis. VSAO:0000090 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision that is part of the extra-oral dermal skeletal system that develops and remains invested within the integument, primarily the dermis. elastic cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers. VSAO:0000091 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers. GO_REF:0000034 chondrogenic condensation Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. VSAO:0000092 cartilaginous condensation vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. GO:curator postcranial axial skeleton Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum. VSAO:0000093 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum. hyaline cartilage tissue Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. VSAO:0000094 hyaline cartilage vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:curator hyaline cartilage non-terminally differentiated odontoblast CL:00007012 Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell. VSAO:0000095 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell. terminally differentiated odontoblast CL:00007013 Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine. VSAO:0000096 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine. VSAO:curator orthodentine Odontoid tissue that typically contains tubules and is acellular. VSAO:0000097 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Odontoid tissue that typically contains tubules and is acellular. hypertrophic chondrocyte CL:0000743 CL:0000743 Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification). VSAO:0000098 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification). VSAO:curator fin Surface structure involved in locomotion. UBERON:0008897 VSAO:0000099 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Surface structure involved in locomotion. TAO:curator periarticular chondrocyte CL:0000742 CL:0000742 Chondrocyte that is located on a joint surface; part of articular cartilage. VSAO:0000100 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Chondrocyte that is located on a joint surface; part of articular cartilage. VSAO:curator joint Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue. VSAO:0000101 articulation vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue. GO_REF:0000034 osteodentine VSAO:0000102 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy fibrocartilage Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns. VSAO:0000103 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns. GO_REF:0000034 ganoine Odontogenic tissue that is hypermineralized acellular, noncollagenous, covered by an epidermis and often deposited in multiple layers. VSAO:0000104 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Odontogenic tissue that is hypermineralized acellular, noncollagenous, covered by an epidermis and often deposited in multiple layers. limiting layer of elasmoid scale Hypermineralized tissue lacking collagen (except Sharpey's fibres), developing in close proximity to the basal cells of the overlying epithelium. VSAO:0000105 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Hypermineralized tissue lacking collagen (except Sharpey's fibres), developing in close proximity to the basal cells of the overlying epithelium. vasodentine Dentine tissue that lacks dentine tubules and that is penetrated by blood capillaries. VSAO:0000106 vascular dentine vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Dentine tissue that lacks dentine tubules and that is penetrated by blood capillaries. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:curator vascular dentine elasmodine Odontogenic tissue that consists of multiple layers of collagen fibers organized in orthogonal or twisted arrangements. VSAO:0000107 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Odontogenic tissue that consists of multiple layers of collagen fibers organized in orthogonal or twisted arrangements. non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized. VSAO:0000108 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized. mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized. VSAO:0000109 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized. columnar chondrocyte CL:0000744 Chondrocyte that is linearly arranged with other columnar chondrocytes. VSAO:0000110 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Chondrocyte that is linearly arranged with other columnar chondrocytes. GO_REF:0000034 paired fin Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism. UBERON:0000151 VSAO:0000111 artioptérygie (French) nageoire paire (French) vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000140 artioptérygie (French) PSPUB:0000164 nageoire paire (French) Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism. TAO:curator odontocyte CL:0000140 CL:0000140 Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell. VSAO:0000112 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell. VSAO:curator enameloid Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue. VSAO:0000113 bitypic enamel durodentine enameloid tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy vitrodentine VSAO:curator enameloid tissue VSAO:curator vitrodentine VSAO:curator bitypic enamel VSAO:curator durodentine GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue. pre-enameloid Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. VSAO:0000114 non-mineralized enameloid tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator non-mineralized enameloid tissue GO_REF:0000034 Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. mineralized bone tissue Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite. VSAO:0000115 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite. GO_REF:0000034 terminally differentiated osteoblast CL:0001039 Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix. VSAO:0000116 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix. VSAO:curator non-terminally differentiated osteoblast CL:0001040 Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone. VSAO:0000117 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone. VSAO:curator cellular bone tissue Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes. VSAO:0000118 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes. non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized. VSAO:0000119 non-mineralized cartilage vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:curator non-mineralized cartilage mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized. VSAO:0000120 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized. GO_REF:0000034 free limb VSAO:0000121 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy acellular bone tissue Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes. VSAO:0000122 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes. odontode tissue Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue. VSAO:0000123 dental tissue vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator dental tissue GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue. osteocyte CL:0000137 CL:0000137 Skeletogenic cell that secretes and is embedded in lacunae within mineralized bone matrix and that arises from the transformation of non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts. Interconnected with other osteocytes in lacunae by canaliculi. VSAO:0000124 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletogenic cell that secretes and is embedded in lacunae within mineralized bone matrix and that arises from the transformation of non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts. Interconnected with other osteocytes in lacunae by canaliculi. VSAO:curator pectoral appendage VSAO:0000125 anterior paired appendage vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy pelvic appendage VSAO:0000126 posterior paired appendage vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy gastralium Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column. VSAO:0000127 abdominal rib belly rib gastralia vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:curator belly rib VSAO:curator abdominal rib gastralia skeletal element Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages. VSAO:0000128 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages. pelvic fin Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body. UBERON:0000152 VSAO:0000129 ischioptérygie (French) nageoire pelvienne (French) vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body. TAO:curator PSPUB:0000164 nageoire pelvienne (French) PSPUB:0000142 ischioptérygie (French) dermal bone Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm. VSAO:0000130 dermal element membrane bone vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy VSAO:curator dermal element GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm. VSAO:curator membrane bone appendicular ossicle Examples of appendicular ossicles include the patella and meniscus of the knee joint. Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton. VSAO:0000131 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton. PSPUB:0000169 ossicle Ossicles are composed of a combination skeletal tissues, including bone, calcified cartilage, hyaline cartilage, etc, and exhibit variable development across species. Ossicles are not necessarily jointed, and examples include the menisci of synovial joints, "Panda's thumb" (radial sesamoid), cardiac skeletal elements, sclerotic bones, middle ear ossicles, and sesamoids. Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition. VSAO:0000132 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000169 Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition. axial ossicle Examples of axial ossicles include the ossified tendons adjacent to the neural spines of the vertebral column. Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton. VSAO:0000133 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton. PSPUB:0000169 ossified tendon Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint. VSAO:0000134 intratendonous ossification vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000169 Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint. replacement element Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. VSAO:0000135 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue. direct ossification GO:0036072 Ossification that does not require the replacement of pre-existing tissues, most often a cartilaginous model. VSAO:0000136 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Ossification that does not require the replacement of pre-existing tissues, most often a cartilaginous model. sesamoid Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation. Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage. VSAO:0000137 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation. PSPUB:0000169 ligamentous replacement element Replacement element that forms as a replacement of a ligament. VSAO:0000138 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Replacement element that forms as a replacement of a ligament. endochondral element A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. VSAO:0000139 endochondral replacement element vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. GO_REF:0000034 replacement ossification GO:0036075 Ossification that requires the replacement of a pre-existing tissue prior to bone tissue formation. VSAO:0000140 indirect ossification true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Ossification that requires the replacement of a pre-existing tissue prior to bone tissue formation. VSAO:curator intramembranous ossification Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme with the formation of an osteogenic condensation not associated with a perichondrium. GO:0001957 GO:0001957 VSAO:0000141 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme with the formation of an osteogenic condensation not associated with a perichondrium. VSAO:curator metaplastic ossification Direct ossification in which transformation of the pre-existing tissue occurs without dedifferentiation of cells or reinitiation of cell division; direct transformation of a non-bone tissue into a bone tissue. GO:0036074 VSAO:0000142 metaplasia true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Direct ossification in which transformation of the pre-existing tissue occurs without dedifferentiation of cells or reinitiation of cell division; direct transformation of a non-bone tissue into a bone tissue. VSAO:curator endochondral ossification GO:0001958 Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. VSAO:0000143 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. VSAO:curator perichondral ossification GO:0036073 Intramembranous ossification on the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage. VSAO:0000144 true vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Intramembranous ossification on the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage. VSAO:curator endochondral bone Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. VSAO:0000145 ossified chondrogenic bone vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. transient cartilaginous element Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage during development and has the potential to become replaced by another tissue. VSAO:0000146 endochondral replacement cartilage vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage during development and has the potential to become replaced by another tissue. GO_REF:0000034 pectoral fin Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body. UBERON:0000151 VSAO:0000147 forefin nageoire pectorale (French) omoptérygie (French) thoracoptérygie (French) vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000164 nageoire pectorale (French) PSPUB:0000154 omoptérygie (French) Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body. TAO:curator PSPUB:0000140 thoracoptérygie (French) forelimb VSAO:0000148 pectoral limb vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy pharyngeal arch VSAO:0000149 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy hindlimb VSAO:0000150 hind limb hind-limb vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy forelimb skeleton VSAO:0000151 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy hindlimb skeleton VSAO:0000152 hind limb skeleton hind-limb skeleton vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy pectoral fin skeleton Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid. VSAO:0000153 forefin skeleton vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid. TAO:curator pelvic fin skeleton Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radials and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia. VSAO:0000154 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radials and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia. TAO:GA_TG pelvic girdle skeleton Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature. VSAO:0000155 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature. UBERON:cjm pectoral girdle skeleton Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature. VSAO:0000156 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the forelimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for forelimb/fin and caudal musculature. UBERON:cjm scapula VSAO:0000157 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy coracoid VSAO:0000158 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy ossified ligament Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint. VSAO:0000159 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000169 Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint. anocleithrum Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is dorsal to and articulates with the cleithrum. In sarcopterygians; analogous in position to postcleithrum in actinopterygians. VSAO:0000160 anocleithra vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy anocleithra Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is dorsal to and articulates with the cleithrum. VSAO:curator interclavicle Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is median and ventral in position. VSAO:0000161 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is median and ventral in position. VSAO:curator median fin Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism. VSAO:0000162 nageoire impaire (French) périssoptérygie (French) vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000164 nageoire impaire (French) Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism. TAO:curator PSPUB:0000140 périssoptérygie (French) anal fin Median fin that is located posterior to the anus. VSAO:0000163 nageoire anale (French) proctoptère (French) proctoptérygie (French) vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000164 nageoire anale (French) Median fin that is located posterior to the anus. TAO:curator PAPUB:0000142 PSPUB:0000140 proctoptérygie (French) PSPUB:0000136 proctoptère (French) caudal fin The caudal fin is the most posterior median fin. It is composed of a complex of three modified centra and modified neural and hemal arches and spines. Mabee and Bird, 2001. VSAO:0000164 nageoire caudale (French) tail tail fin uroptère (French) uroptérygie (French) vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000135 uroptère (French) PSPUB:0000164 nageoire caudale (French) The caudal fin is the most posterior median fin. It is composed of a complex of three modified centra and modified neural and hemal arches and spines. Mabee and Bird, 2001. ZFIN:curator PSPUB:0000140 uroptérygie (French) dorsal fin Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism. VSAO:0000165 nageoire dorsale (French) notoptère (French) notoptérygie (French) vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000164 nageoire dorsale (French) Median fin located on the dorsal surface of the organism. TAO:curator PSPUB:0000140 notoptérygie (French) PSPUB:0000163 notoptère (French) anal fin skeleton Median fin skeleton that is located posterior to the anus. VSAO:0000166 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Median fin skeleton that is located posterior to the anus. TAO:curator caudal fin skeleton Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin. VSAO:0000167 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin. TAO:curator dorsal fin skeleton Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism. VSAO:0000168 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism. TAO:curator paired fin skeleton Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins). VSAO:0000169 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins). TAO:curator median fin skeleton Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism. VSAO:0000170 axial fin skeleton unpaired fin skeleton vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism. TAO:curator scapular complex A scapular complex is described in placoderms (Goujet and Young, 1995). Skeletal subdivision of dermal bones that may include the anterolateral plate (AL), the spinal process (Sp), and anteroventral plate (AV) and other dermal bones that are part of the pectoral girdle. VSAO:0000171 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletal subdivision of dermal bones that may include the anterolateral plate (AL), the spinal process (Sp), and anteroventral plate (AV) and other dermal bones that are part of the pectoral girdle. VSAO:curator lepidotrichium Dermal bone that is rod-like, formed and usually contained in a fin membrane, and jointed to or adjacent to distal radials. Lepidotrichia are formed from paired hemitrichia surrounding actinotrichia. There are usually two more lepidotrichia than distal radials. VSAO:0000172 fin ray vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Dermal bone that is rod-like, formed and usually contained in a fin membrane, and jointed to or adjacent to distal radials. Lepidotrichia are formed from paired hemitrichia surrounding actinotrichia. There are usually two more lepidotrichia than distal radials. TAO:curator pelvic fin lepidotrichium Lepidotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin skeleton. VSAO:0000173 pelvic fin lepidotrichia pelvic fin ray vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Lepidotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin skeleton. TAO:curator pelvic fin lepidotrichia caudal fin lepidotrichium Lepidotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton. VSAO:0000174 caudal fin ray vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Lepidotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton. TAO:curator pectoral fin lepidotrichium Each pectoral lepidotrichium may be unsegmented (e.g., spine), segmented but unbranched (e.g., leading ray) or segmented and branched. Definition of lepidotrichium by Schultze and Arratia (1989: 217). For additional information about lepidotrichia see Arratia et al. 2001 and Arratia 2008. Lepidotrichium that is part of the pectoral fin skeleton. VSAO:0000175 pectoral fin lepidotrichia pectoral fin ray vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy pectoral fin lepidotrichia Lepidotrichium that is part of the pectoral fin skeleton. TAO:curator anal fin lepidotrichium Lepidotrichium that is part of the anal fin skeleton. VSAO:0000176 anal fin lepidotrichia anal fin ray vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy anal fin lepidotrichia Lepidotrichium that is part of the anal fin skeleton. TAO:curator dorsal fin lepidotrichium Lepidotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton. VSAO:0000177 dorsal fin lepidotrichia dorsal fin ray vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Lepidotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton. TAO:curator dorsal fin lepidotrichia embryonic structure Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells. VSAO:0000178 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells. ZFIN:curator fin bud VSAO:0000179 fin buds vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy fin buds process Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc. VSAO:0000180 bony projection flange flanges lamella lamellae lamina laminae processes projection projections ridge ridges shelf shelves vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy shelves ridges processes lamellae flanges projections Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc. TAO:curator articular system Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. VSAO:0000181 joint system vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. VSAO:curator suprabranchial fin Paired fin that is a bilaterally paired anterior outgrowth located high on the side of the animal, not far behind the orbit, with the posterior extremity corresponding with the expected posterior end of the branchial region. Suprabranchial fins are anterior outgrowths from the cephalothorax of thelodonts. Typically scale covered. They do not appear to contain skeletal tissues or elements. VSAO:0000182 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy PSPUB:0000172 Paired fin that is a bilaterally paired anterior outgrowth located high on the side of the animal, not far behind the orbit, with the posterior extremity corresponding with the expected posterior end of the branchial region. vertebral centrum Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord. The vertebral centrum may be cartilaginous, develop as cartilage but be replaced by bone or mineralized, or form directly through intramembranous ossification. VSAO:0000183 centrum vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord. VSAO:curator vertebral element Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. VSAO:0000184 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. TAO:curator vertebral column Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body. VSAO:0000185 vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body. VSAO:curator femur 2012-03-08T09:23:01Z Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium. VSAO:0000186 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium. VSAO:NI pectoral appendage/girdle complex 2012-04-23T10:37:01Z Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle. VSAO:0000213 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendage and half of the pectoral girdle. VSAO:MAH appendage/girdle complex 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper. It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth. VSAO:0000214 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper. GO_REF:0000034 pelvic appendage/girdle complex 2012-04-23T10:51:37Z Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle. VSAO:0000215 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle. VSAO:MAH free limb skeleton 2012-06-26T07:29:11Z Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb. VSAO:0000300 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb. limb/fin skeleton 2012-06-26T07:42:15Z Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin. VSAO:0000301 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin. girdle skeleton 2012-06-26T09:34:08Z Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region. VSAO:0000302 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy GO_REF:0000034 Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region. appendage girdle region 2012-06-26T09:36:49Z An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism. VSAO:0000303 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism. UBERON:cjm pelvic girdle region 2012-06-26T09:40:03Z Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pelvic girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within. Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism. VSAO:0000304 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism. UBERON:cjm pectoral girdle region 2012-06-26T09:40:22Z An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism. Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within. VSAO:0000305 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism. UBERON:cjm appendicular skeletal system 2012-06-26T10:22:36Z Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. VSAO:0000306 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:cjm perichordal bone 2012-07-13T10:45:03Z Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord. VSAO:0000307 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Bone element that is adjacent to the notochord. GO_REF:0000034 perichondral bone 2012-07-13T10:46:34Z Bone element that is located on the surface of a cartilage element. VSAO:0000308 haendel vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Bone element that is located on the surface of a cartilage element. GO_REF:0000034 stylopodial skeleton 2012-01-27T02:33:19Z Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively. VSAO:0005007 nizaribrahim propodium stylopod vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively. VSAO:NI zeugopodial skeleton 2012-01-27T02:50:34Z Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium. VSAO:0005010 epipodium nizaribrahim vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy zygopodium Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium. VSAO:NI autopodial skeleton 2012-01-30T01:38:27Z Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium. VSAO:0005019 nizaribrahim vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium. VSAO:NI mesopodial skeleton 2012-01-30T01:45:41Z Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia. VSAO:0005022 basipodium nizaribrahim vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia. VSAO:NI metapodial skeleton 2012-01-30T01:58:58Z Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals. VSAO:0005025 nizaribrahim vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals. VSAO:NI acropodial skeleton 2012-01-30T02:09:30Z Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges. UBERON:0002254 VSAO:0005028 nizaribrahim sometimes mistakenly used to include the metapodium vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges. VSAO:NI